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Corrected header levels in chapter intros (#1108)

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Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
NUM front intro p55k 0 # Introduction to Numbers<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of Numbers<br><br>1. Preparing to leave Sinai (1:1–10:10)<br>- Counting and assembling the tribes (1:1–4:49)<br>- Regulations (5:1–6:27)<br>- Dedicating the altar (7:1-89)<br>- Setting up the lampstand (8:1-4)<br>- Setting apart the Levites (8:5–29)<br>- Second Passover; the cloud to lead them; trumpets (9:1–10:10)<br>1. Sinai to Moab, through the wilderness (10:11–17:13)<br>- Complaining and murmuring (10:11–11:15)<br>- The quails (11:16–35)<br>- Miriam's leprosy (12:1–16)<br>- The spies selected and sent (13:1–14:45)<br>- Commands (15:1-41)<br>- Korah's rebellion (16:1–17:13)<br>1. The Priests and purifying (18:1-19:22)<br>- Priests and Levites (18:1–32)<br>- The law about purifying (19:1–22)<br>1. Conflicts (20:1–21:35)<br>- Miriam's death (20:1–13)<br>- Edom's refusal and Aaron's death (20:14–29)<br>- Journey to Moab (21:1–35)<br>1. The Plains of Moab (22:1–36:13)<br>- Balaam (22:1–24:25)<br>- Baal Peor (25:1–18)<br>- The second counting (26:1-65)<br>- Inheritance rights for daughters (27:1–11)<br>- Joshua succeeds Moses (27:12–23)<br>- Offerings and women's vows (28:1–30:16)<br>- Midianite war (31:1–54)<br>- Across the Jordan (32:1–42)<br>- The people set up camp (33:1–56)<br>- Land west of the Jordan; cities for Levites and cities of refuge (34:1–35:34)<br>- Female heirs marry (36:1-13)<br><br>### What is the Book of Numbers about?<br><br>The Book of Numbers tells about the people of Israel as they traveled from Mount Sinai in the wilderness to the Jordan River. While traveling, the Israelites became discouraged. So they rebelled against the leaders whom God had given them. At the Jordan River, the people of Israel refused to enter the Promised Land. Because the Israelites were afraid and did not trust God, he delayed their entry into the Promised Land for forty years (13:1–14:45). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>The title of this book, "Numbers," refers to when the number of the Israelites was counted. The people of the project language may already be familiar with the name "Numbers" from other Bible versions. If not, the translator could consider a clearer name for the book, such as "The Counting of the People of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/census]])<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Numbers?<br><br>The writers of both the Old and New Testament present Moses as being very involved with writing the Book of Numbers. However, at a later time, scribes and priests probably put the book into its present form. They may have included text from other sources. One such source was "the scroll of the Wars of Yahweh" (21:14).<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### How does Numbers present the idea of the whole community being responsible when only a few people sinned?<br><br>The people understood and assumed that God would punish the whole community of Israel if some of the people rebelled against him. God did often punish the entire nation when some of them sinned. All of the people in the ancient Near East would have understood and expected this. However, Moses and Aaron prayed for God to punish only those who were guilty.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### Why does Moses speak using third person pronouns about himself?<br><br>When an author wrote about something he was involved in, it was common for him to use the pronoun "he" instead of "I," or "they" instead of "we." The translator may decide to use the project's normal pronouns instead.<br>
NUM 1 intro av14 0 # Numbers 01 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines in 1:5-15 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are long lists.<br><br>#### Census<br><br>They counted how many men of military age were in each tribe of Israel. These men would also become the heads of families. It is possible the numbers in this chapter are rounded to the nearest 100.<br>
NUM 1 intro av14 0 # Numbers 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines in 1:5-15 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are long lists.<br><br>### Census<br><br>They counted how many men of military age were in each tribe of Israel. These men would also become the heads of families. It is possible the numbers in this chapter are rounded to the nearest 100.<br>
NUM 1 1 fr2s 0 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
NUM 1 1 u2p1 translate-hebrewmonths 0 the first day of the second month This is the second month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the middle of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
NUM 1 1 ava2 translate-ordinal 0 the second year "year 2" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ NUM 1 52 qn3w 0 his armed group "his military division"
NUM 1 53 yl7f 0 the tabernacle of the covenant decrees The tabernacle was also called by this longer name because the ark with the law of God was placed inside it. See how you translated this in [Numbers 1:50](../01/50.md).
NUM 1 53 j1iz figs-metaphor 0 so that my anger does not come upon the people of Israel Here Yahweh speaks of not punishing the Israelites as his anger not coming upon them. The phrase "come upon" refers to his anger being applied to them. Alternate translation: "so that in my anger I do not punish the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NUM 1 54 k71a figs-explicit 0 Yahweh commanded through Moses Yahweh had commanded Moses everything that the Israelites were to do, and then Moses had commanded the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NUM 2 intro wn6c 0 # Numbers 02 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>#### Camping<br><br>Moses told each tribe where to camp. They were each given a specific area in which to stay.<br>
NUM 2 intro wn6c 0 # Numbers 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>### Camping<br><br>Moses told each tribe where to camp. They were each given a specific area in which to stay.<br>
NUM 2 2 q34t 0 around his standard The "standards" were four larger groups that the tribes were divided into. Each standard was commanded to camp together. The standards was represented by a banner.
NUM 2 2 mdj9 0 with the banners of their fathers' houses Each extended family also had a banner under with the camp, which was within the area designated for their standard.
NUM 2 2 p14g 0 banners A banner is a large flag.
@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ NUM 2 32 ifg9 figs-activepassive 0 All those counted This can be stated in acti
NUM 2 32 zjs1 0 by their divisions Here "their" refers to the people of Israel.
NUM 2 32 a1g3 translate-numbers 0 are 603,550 "are six hundred and three thousand five hundred and fifty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
NUM 2 34 rc4w figs-explicit 0 They went out from the camp This refers to when they would travel to another place. Alternate translation: "When they traveled, they went out from the camp" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NUM 3 intro d7r1 0 # Numbers 03 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>#### The tribe of Levi<br><br>The Levites were given a special function in Israel. They belonged to or were specially dedicated to serve Yahweh. They were to be priests and because of this were held to a higher standard than the rest of Israel. Only one of Aaron's sons survived because the others offered improper sacrifices. This tribe had a lot of responsibility during this time. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])<br>
NUM 3 intro d7r1 0 # Numbers 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>### The tribe of Levi<br><br>The Levites were given a special function in Israel. They belonged to or were specially dedicated to serve Yahweh. They were to be priests and because of this were held to a higher standard than the rest of Israel. Only one of Aaron's sons survived because the others offered improper sacrifices. This tribe had a lot of responsibility during this time. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])<br>
NUM 3 1 h3ge 0 Now Here the author uses the word "now" to shift to telling a new historical account.
NUM 3 2 r7t6 0 Nadab the firstborn "Nadab, who was the firstborn"
NUM 3 2 tl67 translate-names 0 Nadab ... Abihu ... Ithamar These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ NUM 3 51 u72d 0 the redemption money This refers to the money that Moses colle
NUM 3 51 pt1a 0 to his sons Here "his" refers to Aaron
NUM 3 51 gh9t figs-parallelism 0 he was told to do by Yahweh's word, as Yahweh had commanded him These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
NUM 3 51 bj75 figs-activepassive 0 he was told to do by Yahweh's word Here "Yahweh's word" refers to Yahweh who spoke to Moses. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "that Yahweh had told him to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NUM 4 intro c4x5 0 # Numbers 04 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Counting the Levites by clans<br><br>Moses gave special instructions for each of the families of the tribes of Levi. Each family was given a special role in the ministry of the tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]])<br>
NUM 4 intro c4x5 0 # Numbers 04 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Counting the Levites by clans<br><br>Moses gave special instructions for each of the families of the tribes of Levi. Each family was given a special role in the ministry of the tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]])<br>
NUM 4 2 png1 0 Kohath See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 3:17](../03/17.md).
NUM 4 3 j52n translate-numbers 0 thirty to fifty years old "30 to 50 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
NUM 4 3 xcf4 0 join the company The word "company" refers to the rest of the people working in the tent of meeting.
@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ NUM 4 49 v91x 0 keeping count of each by the type ... He counted each man by t
NUM 4 49 hpb1 figs-activepassive 0 by the type of work he was assigned to do This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "by his type of work assignment" or "by the type of work he had assigned each man to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NUM 4 49 kdw6 0 he would bear "he would have"
NUM 4 49 q8p8 0 they obeyed what Yahweh had commanded them Here "they" and "them" refer to Moses and Aaron.
NUM 5 intro q2wy 0 # Numbers 05 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Israel's camp<br><br>Israel's entire camp was to be a "clean" place. This meant that people who could not be made acceptable to God were not allowed inside the camp. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])<br><br>#### Vengeance<br>There are several laws in this chapter regarding restitution. These laws were meant to limit the ways in which people who had been wronged could seek to be compensated. These laws were intended to make it difficult for such people to avenge a wrong when they were angry. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/jealous]])<br>
NUM 5 intro q2wy 0 # Numbers 05 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Israel's camp<br><br>Israel's entire camp was to be a "clean" place. This meant that people who could not be made acceptable to God were not allowed inside the camp. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])<br><br>### Vengeance<br>There are several laws in this chapter regarding restitution. These laws were meant to limit the ways in which people who had been wronged could seek to be compensated. These laws were intended to make it difficult for such people to avenge a wrong when they were angry. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/jealous]])<br>
NUM 5 2 w9tt 0 infectious skin disease This refers to leprosy, which is a sickness that affects the skin and easily spreads to other people.
NUM 5 2 zu9x 0 oozing sore This refers to an open cut that is leaking fluids.
NUM 5 2 mu8x figs-metaphor 0 whoever is unclean through touching a dead body If a person touched a dead body they were considered unclean. A person who is not acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ NUM 5 30 lwf7 0 before Yahweh "in the presence of Yahweh"
NUM 5 31 xzp4 0 Connecting Statement: Moses continues to describe what the people are to do if the hypothetical situation he began describing in [Numbers 5:12](../05/12.md) ever happens.
NUM 5 31 by7a 0 will be free from guilt for bringing his wife to the priest "will not be guilty of doing something wrong by bringing his wife to the priest"
NUM 5 31 jq87 0 must bear "must endure"
NUM 6 intro v9bp 0 # Numbers 06 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br>#### Nazirite vow<br>The Nazirite vow was a special type of vow between a person and Yahweh. This chapter gives the rules for people to be consecrated to God as Nazirites. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/consecrate]])<br>
NUM 6 intro v9bp 0 # Numbers 06 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Nazirite vow<br>The Nazirite vow was a special type of vow between a person and Yahweh. This chapter gives the rules for people to be consecrated to God as Nazirites. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/consecrate]])<br>
NUM 6 2 fuw1 figs-idiom 0 separates himself "To separate yourself to someone" means to "dedicate yourself" to that person. Alternate translation: "dedicates himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
NUM 6 3 vl9v figs-idiom 0 he must keep himself from This idiom means that he must not eat or drink them. Alternate translation: "he must not consume" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
NUM 6 3 guv7 figs-activepassive 0 vinegar made from wine This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "vinegar that people make from wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ NUM 6 25 f8fh figs-you 0 on you ... to you Here "you" is singular. (See: [[rc:/
NUM 6 26 x48t figs-idiom 0 look on you with favor Here the phrase "look on" means to show a certain attitude towards that person. Alternate translation: "show you favor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
NUM 6 26 jh4e figs-you 0 on you ... give you Here "you" is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
NUM 6 27 y2cb figs-metaphor 0 they must give my name Here Yahweh speaks about claiming the Israelites as his own by saying that he is giving them "his name." Alternate translation: "they must let the people of Israel know that they are mine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NUM 7 intro tjd7 0 # Numbers 07 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>#### Consecrating the altar<br><br>When the tabernacle was completed, they consecrated the altar. Each tribe brought an offering to consecrate the altar. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/consecrate]])<br>
NUM 7 intro tjd7 0 # Numbers 07 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>### Consecrating the altar<br><br>When the tabernacle was completed, they consecrated the altar. Each tribe brought an offering to consecrate the altar. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/consecrate]])<br>
NUM 7 1 pvb3 0 Moses completed the tabernacle "Moses finished setting up the tabernacle"
NUM 7 2 uj4z figs-parallelism 0 the leaders of Israel ... the heads of their ancestor's families These two phrases describe the same group of people two different ways. Alternate translation: "the leaders of Israel who are also the heads of their ancestors families" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
NUM 7 2 p163 figs-metonymy 0 the heads of their ancestor's families Here the leaders of the families are referred to as "heads." Alternate translation: "the leaders of their ancestor's families" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -571,7 +571,7 @@ NUM 7 89 y6f1 figs-synecdoche 0 he heard his voice speaking to him Here "his vo
NUM 7 89 jpx6 figs-parallelism 0 from above the atonement lid ... from between the two cherubim These two phrases describe the same location. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
NUM 7 89 e4hs 0 ark of the testimony See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 4:5](../04/05.md).
NUM 7 89 cu31 0 He spoke to him "Yahweh spoke to Moses"
NUM 8 intro v1ax 0 # Numbers 08 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>The consecration of the tabernacle continues in this chapter. The people obeyed Yahweh's exact instructions. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/consecrate]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]])<br>
NUM 8 intro v1ax 0 # Numbers 08 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The consecration of the tabernacle continues in this chapter. The people obeyed Yahweh's exact instructions. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/consecrate]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]])<br>
NUM 8 2 v3fv 0 must give light in front "must shine towards the front"
NUM 8 3 u9fj 0 to give light "to shine"
NUM 8 4 vx9c figs-activepassive 0 The lampstand was made This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "They had made the lampstand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ NUM 8 24 ygl7 0 All of this is for the Levites "All of these commandments are
NUM 8 24 q65x translate-numbers 0 twenty-five years old "25 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
NUM 8 24 l8m6 0 must join the company to serve in the tent of meeting The word "company" refers to the rest of the people working in the tent of meeting. See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 4:3](../04/03.md).
NUM 8 25 hw8k translate-numbers 0 at the age of fifty years "at 50 years old" or "when they become 50 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
NUM 9 intro p8ra 0 # Numbers 09 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>==Passover ==<br><br>This chapter records the celebration of the Passover for the first time since it began. The people kept the Passover as directed by the Lord. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]])<br><br>
NUM 9 intro p8ra 0 # Numbers 09 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>==Passover ==<br><br>This chapter records the celebration of the Passover for the first time since it began. The people kept the Passover as directed by the Lord. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]])<br><br>
NUM 9 1 zi29 translate-ordinal 0 in the first month of the second year after they came out from the land of Egypt This means that they had come out of Egypt a year earlier. They were beginning their second year in the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
NUM 9 1 w91f translate-hebrewmonths 0 in the first month This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. It marks when God brought the people of Israel out of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
NUM 9 1 ku29 figs-idiom 0 after they came out from the land of Egypt Here "they" refers to the people of Israel. The phrase "came out" means to leave. Alternate translation: "after they left the land of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -656,7 +656,7 @@ NUM 9 21 zn66 0 only when the cloud lifted would they journey on "then after t
NUM 9 22 y7i4 figs-activepassive 0 the cloud was taken up This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the cloud rose up" or "Yahweh took up the cloud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NUM 9 23 acm7 figs-abstractnouns 0 at Yahweh's command The word "command" can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: "what Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
NUM 9 23 h49s figs-activepassive 0 Yahweh's command given through Moses This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the command that Yahweh had given through Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NUM 10 intro vix6 0 # Numbers 10 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Trumpets<br>In the ancient Near East, trumpets were used for many purposes. They were used to call people together. They were also used to lead people into battle.<br><br>#### Israel starts to move<br><br>Each tribe had its place in line as did the tabernacle. Their movements through the desert were very deliberate and ordered. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]])<br>
NUM 10 intro vix6 0 # Numbers 10 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Trumpets<br>In the ancient Near East, trumpets were used for many purposes. They were used to call people together. They were also used to lead people into battle.<br><br>### Israel starts to move<br><br>Each tribe had its place in line as did the tabernacle. Their movements through the desert were very deliberate and ordered. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]])<br>
NUM 10 2 a5wu figs-metonymy 0 Make two silver trumpets This means that Yahweh commanded Moses to have someone make the trumpet. He did not make them himself. Alternate translation: "Tell someone to make two silver trumpets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NUM 10 2 a3nl figs-metonymy 0 You must use the trumpets Moses will not blow the trumpets himself, but he will command the priests to blow them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NUM 10 3 k8w4 0 in front of you "while you are present." This means that Moses was to be there with the priest when he blew the trumpets.
@ -714,7 +714,7 @@ NUM 10 35 hqm2 figs-metaphor 0 Rise up, Yahweh Here the phrase "rise up" is a r
NUM 10 35 n947 figs-metaphor 0 Make those who hate you run from you Here Moses speaks about Yahweh causing their enemies to flee from the people of Israel as if they were fleeing from Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: "Make those who hate you run away from your ark and your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NUM 10 36 a1np figs-personification 0 Whenever the ark stopped Here the ark is spoken of as if were a person traveling. The ark was really being carried by men. Alternate translation: "Whenever the people carrying the ark stopped" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
NUM 10 36 s46d figs-explicit 0 many tens of thousands This refers to people. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "many tens of thousands of people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NUM 11 intro t7jv 0 # Numbers 11 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Complaining<br>Moses complained about having too much responsibility. Therefore, God gave seventy men the spirit of prophecy to help Moses. The people complained about food, even though Yahweh was miraculously providing them with their food. The people complained because they did not have meat or fish to eat. God sent them quail. He punished some of the people, but it does not say why God did this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br>
NUM 11 intro t7jv 0 # Numbers 11 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Complaining<br>Moses complained about having too much responsibility. Therefore, God gave seventy men the spirit of prophecy to help Moses. The people complained about food, even though Yahweh was miraculously providing them with their food. The people complained because they did not have meat or fish to eat. God sent them quail. He punished some of the people, but it does not say why God did this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br>
NUM 11 1 y6b3 0 Fire from Yahweh burned "Yahweh sent fire that burned"
NUM 11 3 n5ye figs-activepassive 0 That place was named This can be stated in the active form. Alternate translation: "They named that place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NUM 11 4 tfn7 figs-rquestion 0 Who will give us meat to eat? The Israelites ask this question in order to complain and to express their desire for something other than manna to eat. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: "We wish that we had meat to eat." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -763,7 +763,7 @@ NUM 11 32 r8bg translate-bvolume 0 ten homers A homer is a unit of volume equal
NUM 11 33 zs3j figs-parallelism 0 While the meat was still between their teeth, while they were chewing it These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize that God punished them immediately, even while they were eating the meat. Alternate translation: "While they were still eating the meat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
NUM 11 34 xkj8 figs-activepassive 0 That place was named Kibroth Hattaavah This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "They named that place Kibroth Hattaavah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NUM 11 35 j14n translate-names 0 Hazeroth This is the name of a place in the desert. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NUM 12 intro qam4 0 # Numbers 12 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 12:6-8.<br><br>### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>#### Idiom<br><br>God used the idiom "mouth to mouth" meaning "speaking directly with both people present." This indicated that Moses was more than just a prophet and greater than other prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br>
NUM 12 intro qam4 0 # Numbers 12 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 12:6-8.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Idiom<br><br>God used the idiom "mouth to mouth" meaning "speaking directly with both people present." This indicated that Moses was more than just a prophet and greater than other prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br>
NUM 12 2 h4pv figs-rquestion 0 Has Yahweh spoken only with Moses? Has he not spoken also with us? Miriam and Aaron use these questions to complain that Moses had so much authority and they did not. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: "Yahweh has not spoken only with Moses. He has also spoken with us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
NUM 12 2 aac3 0 Now Yahweh heard The word "Now" hear draws attention to the important point that follows.
NUM 12 3 v4cp writing-background 0 Now the man Moses "Now" is used to mark a break in the main story line. The narrator tells background information about Moses' character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
@ -781,7 +781,7 @@ NUM 12 14 f2gq figs-hypo 0 If her father had spit in her face This describes so
NUM 12 15 dk19 figs-metaphor 0 Miriam was shut outside the camp Being sent out of the camp and not being allowed to go back in is spoken of as if there were a door that was closed behind her. Alternate translation: "Miriam was sent outside the camp" or "Miriam was kept outside the camp" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NUM 12 15 ww7l figs-activepassive 0 Miriam was shut outside the camp This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Moses shut Miriam outside the camp" or "Moses sent Miriam outside the camp" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NUM 12 16 w7ur 0 Hazeroth This is the name of a place in the desert. See how you translated it in [Numbers 11:35](../11/35.md).
NUM 13 intro a1bi 0 # Numbers 13 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Spies<br><br>Leaders from each of the tribes went to spy on the Promised Land in Canaan. Yahweh was not concerned with how many people were there, because he could defeat them. It appears that he is testing the faith of the people. The people were supposed to be excited to enter this wonderful land, instead they were afraid. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/test]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br>
NUM 13 intro a1bi 0 # Numbers 13 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Spies<br><br>Leaders from each of the tribes went to spy on the Promised Land in Canaan. Yahweh was not concerned with how many people were there, because he could defeat them. It appears that he is testing the faith of the people. The people were supposed to be excited to enter this wonderful land, instead they were afraid. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/test]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br>
NUM 13 2 mg6w figs-pastforfuture 0 which I have given God had decided that the land of Canaan would belong to the people of Israel, but they had not yet moved into it. Alternate translation: "which I have decided to give" or "which I will soon give" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
NUM 13 2 t5e2 0 Each man must be a leader among them "Each man whom you send must be a leader among his tribe"
NUM 13 4 l3bh translate-names 0 Shammua son of Zaccur These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -820,7 +820,7 @@ NUM 13 32 i1fs figs-metaphor 0 a land that eats up its inhabitants The men spea
NUM 13 33 zz8m translate-names 0 Anak This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NUM 13 33 ckl6 figs-metaphor 0 In our own sight ... in their sight Here sight represents evaluation and judgement. Alternate translation: "In our own opinion ... in their opinion" or "In our own judgement ... in their judgement" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NUM 13 33 s8xm figs-simile 0 we were like grasshoppers in comparison with them The men speak of grasshoppers to show how very small they thought themselves to be compared to the people of the land. Alternate translation: "we are as small as grasshoppers in comparison with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
NUM 14 intro paw9 0 # Numbers 14 General Notes<br>### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br>#### Rhetorical Questions<br>The author uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. These questions indicate that people did not have faith in Yahweh. Yahweh also uses rhetorical questions to show the people's lack of faith. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br>
NUM 14 intro paw9 0 # Numbers 14 General Notes<br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br>### Rhetorical Questions<br>The author uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. These questions indicate that people did not have faith in Yahweh. Yahweh also uses rhetorical questions to show the people's lack of faith. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br>
NUM 14 3 r8f9 figs-rquestion 0 Why did Yahweh bring us to this land to die by the sword? The people use this question in order to complain and accuse Yahweh of treating them unfairly. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "Yahweh should not have brought us to this land only to die by the sword." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
NUM 14 3 c2ap figs-metonymy 0 to die by the sword Here "the sword" represents either being killed by the sword or being killed in battle. Alternate translation: "to die when people attack us with swords" or "to die in battle" or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NUM 14 3 y89n figs-rquestion 0 Is it not better for us to return to Egypt? The people use this question to encourage people to agree with them that it would be better to return to Egypt. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "It would be better for us to return to Egypt than to try to conquer Canaan." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -870,7 +870,7 @@ NUM 14 43 wp6t figs-metaphor 0 you turned back from following Yahweh Obeying Ya
NUM 14 43 qj3c figs-metaphor 0 he will not be with you Helping them is spoken of as being with them. Alternate translation: "he will not help you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NUM 14 44 dy4m 0 they presumed to go up into the hill country "they dared to go up into the hill country even though God did not approve"
NUM 14 44 c73c 0 into the hill country Much of the land of Israel is elevated. When the Israelites crossed the Jordan River valley to attack the Canaanites, there were hills that they had to climb in order to go farther into the land of Canaan.
NUM 15 intro s9dr 0 # Numbers 15 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br>#### Purifying the people<br>As the people travel through the wilderness, Yahweh is purifying them. He is doing this so that they are able to enter into the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/purify]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br><br>### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>#### Prostitution<br><br>The imagery of prostitution is commonly used in Scripture to indicate that Yahweh alone is to be worshiped. The people are compared to the prostitute because a husband is to only have a sexual relationship with his wife. Both the prostitute and the worship of other gods are violations of this exclusive relationship. Many cultures will struggle with this imagery because of a desire to use euphemisms. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])<br>
NUM 15 intro s9dr 0 # Numbers 15 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Purifying the people<br>As the people travel through the wilderness, Yahweh is purifying them. He is doing this so that they are able to enter into the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/purify]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Prostitution<br><br>The imagery of prostitution is commonly used in Scripture to indicate that Yahweh alone is to be worshiped. The people are compared to the prostitute because a husband is to only have a sexual relationship with his wife. Both the prostitute and the worship of other gods are violations of this exclusive relationship. Many cultures will struggle with this imagery because of a desire to use euphemisms. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])<br>
NUM 15 1 kit4 0 General Information: Numbers 15:1-32 tells what God told Moses to tell the people of Israel.
NUM 15 3 w63b figs-metaphor 0 to produce a pleasing aroma for Yahweh from the herd or the flock "to produce from the herd or flock a smell that pleases Yahweh." The Lord's pleasure with the aroma represents his pleasure with the person who burns the offering. Alternate translation: "to please Yahweh by burning a sacrifice from the herd or the flock" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NUM 15 4 x238 0 a burnt offering This refers to the offerings spoken of in [Numbers 15:3](../15/03.md).
@ -918,7 +918,7 @@ NUM 15 39 vhx4 figs-metaphor 0 prostitute yourselves to them Being unfaithful t
NUM 15 40 q9my 0 Connecting Statement: God continues telling Moses what to tell the people of Israel. The word "you" refers to the people.
NUM 15 40 x4hp figs-idiom 0 call to mind This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
NUM 15 41 zvn9 0 I am Yahweh your God This clause is repeated for emphasis.
NUM 16 intro q814 0 # Numbers 16 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Rebellion and punishment<br><br>A certain Levite and a few men from the tribe of Reuben claimed that they were just as good as Moses and Aaron, and they also could do the work of sacrificing animals at the sacred tent. So Moses told them to come to the sacred tent and burn incense to Yahweh. God then made the earth open and swallow up these leaders and their families. He also sent fire to destroy 250 other men who had joined with those leaders. These actions showed that only the Levites, those whom Yahweh appointed, could be priests. Also, it taught the people that to rebel against Yahweh's anointed was to rebel against Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]])<br>
NUM 16 intro q814 0 # Numbers 16 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Rebellion and punishment<br><br>A certain Levite and a few men from the tribe of Reuben claimed that they were just as good as Moses and Aaron, and they also could do the work of sacrificing animals at the sacred tent. So Moses told them to come to the sacred tent and burn incense to Yahweh. God then made the earth open and swallow up these leaders and their families. He also sent fire to destroy 250 other men who had joined with those leaders. These actions showed that only the Levites, those whom Yahweh appointed, could be priests. Also, it taught the people that to rebel against Yahweh's anointed was to rebel against Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]])<br>
NUM 16 1 xx9n 0 Kohath See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 3:17](../03/17.md).
NUM 16 2 t69q figs-metaphor 0 rose up against Moses Rebelling or criticizing someone in authority is spoken of as if they were standing up to fight. Alternate translation: "rebelled against Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NUM 16 2 uge1 translate-numbers 0 two hundred and fifty "250" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
@ -976,7 +976,7 @@ NUM 16 46 pv5i figs-metonymy 0 anger is coming from Yahweh Anger coming from Go
NUM 16 47 s2fi figs-metonymy 0 he put in the incense Putting the incense in the censer here represents burning it. Alternate translation: "he burned the incense" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NUM 16 48 fgs5 figs-activepassive 0 the plague was stopped This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the plague stopped spreading" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NUM 16 49 e8gm translate-numbers 0 14,700 in number "fourteen thousand seven hundred in number" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
NUM 17 intro b38c 0 # Numbers 17 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Which tribe should be special workers for God?<br><br>God told Moses that each tribe should bring one wooden staff and leave it overnight at the temple. The next day Aaron's staff representing the tribe of Levi bloomed and produced ripe almond nuts. This showed that the tribe of Levi was still the tribe chosen to be Yahweh's priests. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])<br>
NUM 17 intro b38c 0 # Numbers 17 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Which tribe should be special workers for God?<br><br>God told Moses that each tribe should bring one wooden staff and leave it overnight at the temple. The next day Aaron's staff representing the tribe of Levi bloomed and produced ripe almond nuts. This showed that the tribe of Levi was still the tribe chosen to be Yahweh's priests. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])<br>
NUM 17 2 qi3j translate-numbers 0 twelve "12" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
NUM 17 3 jjh7 0 Connecting Statement: Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
NUM 17 3 xg67 0 Levi's staff The name Levi here refers to the tribe of Levi.
@ -991,7 +991,7 @@ NUM 17 10 nwq2 figs-synecdoche 0 the covenant decrees The phrase "the covenant
NUM 17 10 n4ip figs-abstractnouns 0 so that you may end complaints against me The word "complaints" is an abstract noun that can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: "so that you may stop them from complaining against me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
NUM 17 10 b4j8 0 or they will die This is what would happen if the people were to continue complaining. God wanted to prevent this. Alternate translation: "so that they will not die"
NUM 17 12 m73b figs-parallelism 0 We will die here. We will all perish! These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
NUM 18 intro s8q6 0 # Numbers 18 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Tithes and offerings<br><br>The tribes of Israel were required to bring a tithe to the Levites in order to free them to serve Yahweh as priests. There is a detailed description of what belonged to Yahweh in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])<br>
NUM 18 intro s8q6 0 # Numbers 18 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Tithes and offerings<br><br>The tribes of Israel were required to bring a tithe to the Levites in order to free them to serve Yahweh as priests. There is a detailed description of what belonged to Yahweh in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])<br>
NUM 18 1 u2mx figs-activepassive 0 all sins committed against the sanctuary This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "all sins that anyone commits against the sanctuary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NUM 18 1 g8xh figs-activepassive 0 all sins committed by anyone in the priesthood This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "all sins that anyone in the priesthood commits" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NUM 18 1 ljg9 0 anyone in the priesthood "any priest"
@ -1055,7 +1055,7 @@ NUM 18 30 c3xf 0 Connecting Statement: God continues speaking to Moses.
NUM 18 30 l7ak 0 the best of it "the best of what you have received from the people of Israel"
NUM 18 31 g3lw 0 the rest of your gifts The "gifts" are the offerings that the Israelites give to God and that the Levites receive from them.
NUM 18 32 v4s3 0 You will not incur any guilt by eating and drinking it "You will not be guilty when you eat and drink it"
NUM 19 intro rnm7 0 # Numbers 19 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Ritually clean<br><br>This chapter talks about being clean. Some of these rituals were required to make a priest clean in order to set them apart to serve Yahweh. Other rituals were required because they prevented people from getting sick. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])<br>
NUM 19 intro rnm7 0 # Numbers 19 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Ritually clean<br><br>This chapter talks about being clean. Some of these rituals were required to make a priest clean in order to set them apart to serve Yahweh. Other rituals were required because they prevented people from getting sick. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])<br>
NUM 19 2 vs5r figs-doublet 0 a statute, a law These two words share similar meanings. Alternate translation: "a statute of the law" or "a legal statute" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
NUM 19 2 u2gx 0 bring to you Here "you" is singular and refers to Moses.
NUM 19 2 x8cy figs-doublet 0 flaw or blemish These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that this animal is to have no imperfections. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
@ -1085,7 +1085,7 @@ NUM 19 20 d5l6 figs-metaphor 0 General Information: The ideas of "clean" and "p
NUM 19 20 mz5q figs-metaphor 0 that person will be cut off Here the phrase "be cut off" means to be disowned and sent away. See how you translated this in [Numbers 9:13](../09/13.md). Alternate translation: "That person must be sent away" or "you must send that person away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NUM 19 20 u7dz figs-activepassive 0 The water for impurity has not been sprinkled on him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "No one has sprinkled the water for impurity on him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NUM 19 21 bs1a 0 the water for impurity "the water that is sprinkled on impure things to make them pure" or "the water for making things pure." See how you translated this in [Numbers 19:13](../19/13.md)
NUM 20 intro uzx8 0 # Numbers 20 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Moses' sin<br><br>God told Moses to command water to come out of a rock for the people who were complaining that they had no water. Moses became angry with the people and hit the rock twice. God told him that he and Aaron would not be allowed to go into Canaan because he disobeyed by hitting the rock instead of just speaking to it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br>#### "It would have been better if we had died when our fellow Israelites died in front of Yahweh"<br>It is possible that this statement should be taken as hyperbole, but it does not have to be taken this way. The translator should probably avoid treating this as hyperbole. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])<br><br>### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br>#### Wilderness of Sin<br>Sin is the name of a place in this chapter. It is not a place that is known for its sin. The name is not related to the meaning of the word "sin." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
NUM 20 intro uzx8 0 # Numbers 20 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Moses' sin<br><br>God told Moses to command water to come out of a rock for the people who were complaining that they had no water. Moses became angry with the people and hit the rock twice. God told him that he and Aaron would not be allowed to go into Canaan because he disobeyed by hitting the rock instead of just speaking to it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br>### "It would have been better if we had died when our fellow Israelites died in front of Yahweh"<br>It is possible that this statement should be taken as hyperbole, but it does not have to be taken this way. The translator should probably avoid treating this as hyperbole. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br>### Wilderness of Sin<br>Sin is the name of a place in this chapter. It is not a place that is known for its sin. The name is not related to the meaning of the word "sin." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
NUM 20 1 wu8m translate-transliterate 0 the wilderness of Zin The word "Zin" here is the Hebrew name of the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
NUM 20 1 ht9k translate-hebrewmonths 0 the first month This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. It marks when God rescued the Israelites from the Egyptians. The first month is during the last part of March and the first part of April on the Western calendar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])
NUM 20 1 r66w figs-activepassive 0 was buried This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they buried her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -1122,7 +1122,7 @@ NUM 20 24 z598 0 rebelled against my word "refused to do what I said"
NUM 20 25 ie14 0 Connecting Statement: God continues speaking to Moses.
NUM 20 26 af1h figs-parallelism 0 must die and be gathered to his people These two phrases mean basically the same thing. They mean that it is time for Aaron to die and for his spirit to go to the place where his ancestors are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
NUM 20 29 lcr9 translate-numbers 0 thirty days "30 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
NUM 21 intro vi2c 0 # Numbers 21 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 21:14-15, 17-18, 27-30.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Ungrateful<br><br>The Israelites said, "Why have you brought us up out of Egypt to die in the wilderness? There is no bread, no water, and we hate this miserable food." After all Yahweh had done, they were very ungrateful. This showed their lack of faith and trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br>
NUM 21 intro vi2c 0 # Numbers 21 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 21:14-15, 17-18, 27-30.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Ungrateful<br><br>The Israelites said, "Why have you brought us up out of Egypt to die in the wilderness? There is no bread, no water, and we hate this miserable food." After all Yahweh had done, they were very ungrateful. This showed their lack of faith and trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br>
NUM 21 1 nsa6 figs-metonymy 0 he fought against Israel Here "he fought" means that his army fought. Alternate translation: "his army fought against Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NUM 21 2 x3np figs-metonymy 0 Israel vowed This refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: "The people of Israel vowed" or "The Israelites made a vow" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
NUM 21 3 j1ix figs-metonymy 0 listened to Israel's voice Here "listen" means that Yahweh did as they asked. Alternate translation: "did what Israel asked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1177,7 +1177,7 @@ NUM 21 34 wk2t 0 Do to him as you did to Sihon king of the Amorites The Israel
NUM 21 35 mdc5 0 So they killed him "So the army of Israel killed Og"
NUM 21 35 b31n figs-activepassive 0 none of his people were left alive This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "all of his people were dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NUM 21 35 w1f2 0 they took over his land "they took control of his land"
NUM 22 intro hxi6 0 # Numbers 22 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br>The chapter begins a section on Balaam. The king of Moab wanted the prophet Balaam to come and curse Israel. God told him not to go but he wanted to go; so God told him to say only what God wanted him to say. Yahweh was able to use Balaam, even though he was not a prophet of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])<br>
NUM 22 intro hxi6 0 # Numbers 22 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br>The chapter begins a section on Balaam. The king of Moab wanted the prophet Balaam to come and curse Israel. God told him not to go but he wanted to go; so God told him to say only what God wanted him to say. Yahweh was able to use Balaam, even though he was not a prophet of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])<br>
NUM 22 1 vt4u 0 on the other side of the Jordan River from the city The Israelites were camped on the east side of the Jordan River. Jericho was on the west side of the river.
NUM 22 2 a4k1 translate-names 0 Balak son of Zippor Balak was king of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NUM 22 2 hqt3 translate-names 0 Zippor Zippor is the father of Balak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -1245,7 +1245,7 @@ NUM 22 38 re6i figs-metaphor 0 the words that God puts into my mouth The messag
NUM 22 39 lt48 translate-names 0 Kiriath Huzoth This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NUM 22 40 e9l3 0 some meat "some of the meat from the sacrifices"
NUM 22 41 sx5n 0 the high place of Baal Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the same place as Bamoth in [Numbers 21:19](../21/19.md). The word Bamoth means "the high place," or 2) this is another high place where people sacrificed to Baal.
NUM 23 intro kt51 0 # Numbers 23 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br>The story of Balaam continues in this chapter.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 23:7-10, 18-24.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Cursing God's people<br><br>God does not allow others to curse his people. Balaam blessed Israel twice when he was supposed to curse them. This may be taken as humor or an ironic situation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])<br>
NUM 23 intro kt51 0 # Numbers 23 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br>The story of Balaam continues in this chapter.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 23:7-10, 18-24.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Cursing God's people<br><br>God does not allow others to curse his people. Balaam blessed Israel twice when he was supposed to curse them. This may be taken as humor or an ironic situation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])<br>
NUM 23 1 js8j 0 Balak This is the king of Moab. See how you translated this in [Numbers 22:2](../22/02.md).
NUM 23 1 yr7z 0 prepare seven bulls and seven rams "kill seven bulls and seven rams as a sacrifice"
NUM 23 3 s7kv 0 Stand at your burnt offering and I will go "Stay here with your burnt offering and I will go a distance away"
@ -1285,7 +1285,7 @@ NUM 23 24 jm1j figs-metaphor 0 the people rise like a lioness ... he has killed
NUM 23 25 yxn3 0 Balak This is the king of Moab. See how you translated this in [Numbers 22:2](../22/02.md).
NUM 23 26 sl4c figs-rquestion 0 Did I not tell you that I must say all that Yahweh tells me to say? Balaam uses this rhetorical question to remind Balak that Balaam refused to disobey God even before he came to Balak. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "I told you before that I must say all that Yahweh tells me to say." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
NUM 23 28 jd2z figs-explicit 0 which looks down on the wilderness It is understood that this wilderness was where Israel was camped. Alternate translation: "which looks down on the wilderness where Israel was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NUM 24 intro g6vw 0 # Numbers 24 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>The story of Balaam continues in this chapter.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 24:3-9, 15-24.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Cursing God's people<br><br>God does not allow others to curse his people. Balaam blesses Israel again and the king is angry and sends him home. This may be taken as humor or an ironic situation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])<br>
NUM 24 intro g6vw 0 # Numbers 24 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The story of Balaam continues in this chapter.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 24:3-9, 15-24.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Cursing God's people<br><br>God does not allow others to curse his people. Balaam blesses Israel again and the king is angry and sends him home. This may be taken as humor or an ironic situation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])<br>
NUM 24 1 w9kx 0 as at the other times "like he did the previous times"
NUM 24 2 wa9k figs-idiom 0 He raised his eyes Here "raised his eyes" is an idiom that means to look up. Alternate translation: "He looked up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
NUM 24 2 vd4a 0 Spirit of God came on him This mean's God's Spirit took control of him to prophesy.
@ -1348,7 +1348,7 @@ NUM 24 23 bj5v figs-rquestion 0 Who will survive when God does this? This rheto
NUM 24 24 rl4t translate-names 0 Kittim This is the name of a city on an island in the Mediterranean Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NUM 24 24 zm8g figs-abstractnouns 0 they, too, will end in destruction The abstract noun "destruction" can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: "God will destroy them also" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
NUM 24 25 wf69 0 Balak This is the king of Moab. See how you translated this in [Numbers 22:2](../22/02.md).
NUM 25 intro vs5m 0 # Numbers 25 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>The story of Balaam concludes in this chapter.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Foreign women<br><br>Balaam told the young women from Moab to act friendly to the Israelite men and invite them to feasts in honor of their god Baal. The men went to the feasts and worshiped Baal. God was angry and killed 24,000 Israelite men. Foreign women are often the source of problems in Israel. They caused the men to worship their false gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])<br>
NUM 25 intro vs5m 0 # Numbers 25 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The story of Balaam concludes in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Foreign women<br><br>Balaam told the young women from Moab to act friendly to the Israelite men and invite them to feasts in honor of their god Baal. The men went to the feasts and worshiped Baal. God was angry and killed 24,000 Israelite men. Foreign women are often the source of problems in Israel. They caused the men to worship their false gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])<br>
NUM 25 1 bx2y translate-names 0 Shittim This is the name of a place in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NUM 25 2 zud9 translate-symaction 0 bowed down This was an act of worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
NUM 25 3 bum9 0 Peor Peor was the name of a mountain. See how you translated this in [Numbers 23:28](../23/28.md).
@ -1377,7 +1377,7 @@ NUM 25 18 kw2l 0 They led you into evil "They persuaded you to do this evil th
NUM 25 18 dj72 0 in the case of Peor ... in the matter of Peor Both of these phrases mean that these things happened at Mount Peor.
NUM 25 18 h4fy 0 Peor Peor was the name of a mountain. See how you translated this in [Numbers 23:28](../23/28.md).
NUM 25 18 vp48 figs-activepassive 0 who was killed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "whom Phinehas killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NUM 26 intro h5mw 0 # Numbers 26 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines in 26:12-17, 20-26, 29-32, 35, 38-39, 44-45, 48-49, 57-58 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are long lists.<br><br>The people are counted in preparation for entering into the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### A new generation<br><br>None of the adults who came out of Egypt with Moses were still alive except the two faithful spies, Joshua and Caleb. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])<br>
NUM 26 intro h5mw 0 # Numbers 26 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines in 26:12-17, 20-26, 29-32, 35, 38-39, 44-45, 48-49, 57-58 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are long lists.<br><br>The people are counted in preparation for entering into the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### A new generation<br><br>None of the adults who came out of Egypt with Moses were still alive except the two faithful spies, Joshua and Caleb. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])<br>
NUM 26 2 i1ce figs-explicit 0 Count all the community They were only to count the men, not the women. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: "Count all the men of the community" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NUM 26 2 vni2 translate-numbers 0 twenty years old and up "20 years old and older" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
NUM 26 3 z8gq 0 spoke to them "spoke to the Israelite leaders"
@ -1453,7 +1453,7 @@ NUM 26 64 xc7s figs-activepassive 0 when the descendants of Israel were counted
NUM 26 65 zm6j figs-doublenegatives 0 There was not a man left among them, except The word "them" refers to all of the people who were counted in the wilderness of Sinai. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "The only ones who were still alive were" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
NUM 26 65 sl65 0 son of Jephunneh Jephunneh was Caleb's father. See how you translated this in [Numbers 13:6](../13/06.md).
NUM 26 65 j2tl 0 son of Nun Nun was Joshua's father. See how you translated this in [Numbers 11:28](../11/28.md).
NUM 27 intro g57e 0 # Numbers 27 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Daughters<br>The daughters of Korah received no land because their father was punished by Yahweh. Yahweh still graciously gave them their father's portion of land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]])<br><br>#### The new leader is Joshua<br><br>God told Moses to appoint Joshua as the new leader. Joshua became Yahweh's anointed leader. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]])<br>
NUM 27 intro g57e 0 # Numbers 27 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Daughters<br>The daughters of Korah received no land because their father was punished by Yahweh. Yahweh still graciously gave them their father's portion of land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]])<br><br>### The new leader is Joshua<br><br>God told Moses to appoint Joshua as the new leader. Joshua became Yahweh's anointed leader. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]])<br>
NUM 27 1 r2z7 0 Then to Moses came the daughters of Zelophehad ... son of Joseph "Then the daughters of Zelophehad son of Hepher son of Gilead son of Machir son of Manasseh, of the clans of Manasseh son of Joseph came to Moses." This tells us the genealogy of Zelophehad.
NUM 27 1 xh5x 0 Zelophehad son of Hepher ... Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milkah, and Tirzah See how you translated these men's names in [Numbers 26:33](../26/33.md).
NUM 27 1 f1ul 0 Gilead ... Machir See how you translated these men's names in [Numbers 26:29](../26/29.md).
@ -1493,7 +1493,7 @@ NUM 27 23 gcp5 0 He laid his hands on him and commanded him to lead "He" refer
NUM 27 23 cb8n translate-symaction 0 He laid his hands on him The laying on of hands was a way of setting a person apart to do a special task for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
NUM 27 23 nk4a figs-ellipsis 0 to lead You can make clear the understood information to lead the people. Alternate translation: "to lead the people" or "to be the leader of the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
NUM 27 23 cw8h 0 as Yahweh had commanded him to do Here "him" refers to Moses.
NUM 28 intro yh9y 0 # Numbers 28 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Offerings for special days<br><br>God commanded the Israelites to make special offerings for Sabbaths, new months, Passover and firstfruits. On each of these occasions, specific sacrifices were required. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/firstfruit]])<br>
NUM 28 intro yh9y 0 # Numbers 28 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Offerings for special days<br><br>God commanded the Israelites to make special offerings for Sabbaths, new months, Passover and firstfruits. On each of these occasions, specific sacrifices were required. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/firstfruit]])<br>
NUM 28 2 vl5n 0 at the appointed times "at the times that I haven chosen"
NUM 28 2 d2nc figs-activepassive 0 the food of my offerings made by fire to produce This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the food offerings that you will burn on the altar produce" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NUM 28 2 ii63 0 a sweet aroma for me "a smell I enjoy"
@ -1555,7 +1555,7 @@ NUM 28 29 tdh2 translate-fraction 0 a tenth of an ephah "A tenth" means one par
NUM 28 29 t9h7 figs-activepassive 0 fine flour mixed with oil This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "fine flour which you mix with oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NUM 28 30 yj1e figs-abstractnouns 0 to make atonement The word "atonement" can be expressed with the verb "atone." Alternate translation: "to atone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
NUM 28 31 k54h figs-possession 0 their drink offerings This refers to the drink offerings that are required to accompany each of the animals when they are sacrificed. Alternate translation: "the drink offerings that are offered with them" or "the drink offerings that accompany them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
NUM 29 intro gs9v 0 # Numbers 29 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br>This chapter continues the material from the previous chapter about offerings on specific days.<br>
NUM 29 intro gs9v 0 # Numbers 29 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br>This chapter continues the material from the previous chapter about offerings on specific days.<br>
NUM 29 1 n5nd 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
NUM 29 1 wr36 translate-hebrewmonths 0 In the seventh month, on the first day of the month This refers to the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. Alternate translation: "On day 1 of month 7" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
NUM 29 1 c4iy 0 have a holy assembly to honor Yahweh "gather together to worship and honor Yahweh." The phrase "a holy assembly" means the people gather together to worship Yahweh. Worshiping Yahweh is a holy event.
@ -1628,7 +1628,7 @@ NUM 29 37 m6nc figs-activepassive 0 as were commanded This can be stated in act
NUM 29 38 nyr3 figs-possession 0 its grain offering, and their drink offerings The grain offering was to be offered with the burnt offering. The drink offerings were to be offered with both the sin offering and the burnt offering. Alternate translation: "along with the grain offering and the drink offerings that accompany them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
NUM 29 39 zpq3 0 These are what you must offer "These offerings are what you must offer"
NUM 29 39 y3wf 0 fixed festivals "planned festivals." These are festivals that occurred at regularly scheduled times. The word "fixed" means "set" or "predetermined."
NUM 30 intro e9dr 0 # Numbers 30 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Vows<br><br>Because a vow is a type of promise, men must do what they have vowed to do. A father or a husband has one day in which to cancel a woman's vow. Otherwise, she must do what she vowed she would do. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])<br>
NUM 30 intro e9dr 0 # Numbers 30 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Vows<br><br>Because a vow is a type of promise, men must do what they have vowed to do. A father or a husband has one day in which to cancel a woman's vow. Otherwise, she must do what she vowed she would do. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])<br>
NUM 30 2 n92a 0 a man makes a vow The words "a man" refer to any man, not one particular man. It refers only to men and does not include women. Alternate translation: "any man"
NUM 30 2 yep5 figs-metaphor 0 to bind himself with a binding promise Here Moses speaks of a person promising to do something as if his promise were a physical object that he ties to himself. Alternate translation: "committing to fulfill a promise" or "promising to do something" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NUM 30 2 d5ft figs-parallelism 0 he must not break his word. He must keep his promise to do everything that comes out of his mouth These two sentences have similar meanings and are combined to emphasize that he must fulfill his promises. Here "word" is a metonym that refers to what he said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -1664,7 +1664,7 @@ NUM 30 14 sq3z figs-metaphor 0 binding promises Moses describes a woman's promi
NUM 30 14 ntv6 figs-idiom 0 will stand This is an idiom. It means that her vows will remain in effect and that she will be required to fulfill them. Alternate translation: "she will be obligated to fulfill" See how this is translated in [Numbers 30:4](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
NUM 30 14 w9nv figs-ellipsis 0 because he has said nothing to her You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: "because he has said nothing to her about them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
NUM 30 15 z7x5 figs-explicit 0 then he will be responsible for her guilt This means that he will be guilty of her sin instead of her if she does not fulfill her vow. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: "if she does not fulfill her vow, she will not be guilty of her sin, and he will be guilty instead of her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
NUM 31 intro p1di 0 # Numbers 31 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Midianites<br><br>Israel killed the Midianites, including Balaam, for tempting them to worship Baal. This battle was at Yahweh's command. Yahweh would bring justice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br>
NUM 31 intro p1di 0 # Numbers 31 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Midianites<br><br>Israel killed the Midianites, including Balaam, for tempting them to worship Baal. This battle was at Yahweh's command. Yahweh would bring justice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br>
NUM 31 2 u6qq 0 Take vengeance on the Midianites for what they did to the Israelites Yahweh was punishing the Midianites for convincing the Israelites to worship idols.
NUM 31 2 l7s2 figs-parallelism 0 you will die and be gathered to your people These two phrases mean basically the same thing. This is a polite way to emphasize that it is time for Moses to die and for his spirit to go to the place where his ancestors are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
NUM 31 3 z1v2 0 Arm some of your men for war "Give weapons to some of your men"
@ -1742,7 +1742,7 @@ NUM 31 52 qri3 translate-numbers 0 from the commanders of thousands and from th
NUM 31 52 b57h translate-numbers 0 16750 "sixteen thousand, seven hundred and fifty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
NUM 31 52 gj47 translate-bmoney 0 shekels A shekel is 11 grams. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
NUM 31 54 r1uq 0 as a reminder of the people of Israel for Yahweh The gold will remind the people that Yahweh gave them victory. It will also remind Yahweh that the people fulfilled his revenge on the Midianites.
NUM 32 intro yg1s 0 # Numbers 32 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>#### Reuben and Gad's inheritance<br><br>Reuben and Gad were given the land conquered east of the Jordan River. This land had good pastures, and suited these tribes because they had many sheep, goats and cattle. They had not yet entered into the Promised Land, and it would have been sinful to not fight with the rest of Israel. So they promised to enter the land to fight with the other tribes, and then return to their own land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])<br>
NUM 32 intro yg1s 0 # Numbers 32 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>### Reuben and Gad's inheritance<br><br>Reuben and Gad were given the land conquered east of the Jordan River. This land had good pastures, and suited these tribes because they had many sheep, goats and cattle. They had not yet entered into the Promised Land, and it would have been sinful to not fight with the rest of Israel. So they promised to enter the land to fight with the other tribes, and then return to their own land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])<br>
NUM 32 1 t4bt writing-background 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Moses tells background information about the tribes of Reuben and Gad. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
NUM 32 3 dwl6 translate-names 0 Ataroth, Dibon, Jazer, Nimrah, Heshbon, Elealeh, Sebam, Nebo, and Beon These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NUM 32 4 fd7v 0 General Information: The people from Reuben and Gad continue speaking to Moses, Eleazar, and the other leaders.
@ -1803,7 +1803,7 @@ NUM 32 41 h5li translate-names 0 Jair This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://e
NUM 32 41 mn6c translate-names 0 Havvoth Jair This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NUM 32 42 rm3m translate-names 0 Nobah This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NUM 32 42 r3cx translate-names 0 Kenath This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NUM 33 intro s7u7 0 # Numbers 33 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is a summary of Israel's exodus from Egypt to the Promised Land, including their wandering through the desert. The phrase "they set out" means "they left."<br>
NUM 33 intro s7u7 0 # Numbers 33 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is a summary of Israel's exodus from Egypt to the Promised Land, including their wandering through the desert. The phrase "they set out" means "they left."<br>
NUM 33 1 va6t 0 by their armed groups "by their military divisions." This means that each tribe had their own men, who were armed, to protect them. See how you translated "armed groups" in [Numbers 1:3](../01/03.md).
NUM 33 2 gx4i figs-activepassive 0 as commanded by Yahweh This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "as Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NUM 33 2 y7p2 0 departure after departure "from one place to another place"
@ -1842,7 +1842,7 @@ NUM 33 54 q2gz figs-metaphor 0 inherit the land The Israelites claiming the lan
NUM 33 54 m66j 0 Wherever the lot falls to each clan, that land will belong to it "Each clan will receive the land according to how the lot falls"
NUM 33 55 ebs2 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
NUM 33 55 l4n8 figs-simile 0 like objects in your eyes and thorns in your sides Just like a small object in a person's eye or a small thorn that sticks into a person skin can cause great irritation, so even a small portion of the Canaanites, if left in the land, would cause great trouble for the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
NUM 34 intro z166 0 # Numbers 34 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines in 34:19-28 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are long lists.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br>#### The boundaries<br>Moses told them all of the land they would inherit and live in and said that they should divide it up by casting lots. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]])<br>
NUM 34 intro z166 0 # Numbers 34 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines in 34:19-28 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are long lists.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### The boundaries<br>Moses told them all of the land they would inherit and live in and said that they should divide it up by casting lots. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]])<br>
NUM 34 3 c7ax 0 wilderness of Zin See how you translated this phrase in [Numbers 33:12](../33/12.md).
NUM 34 4 i8yz translate-names 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses where the borders are for the land that he is giving to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NUM 34 6 aj34 0 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses where the borders are for the land that he is giving to the Israelites.
@ -1857,7 +1857,7 @@ NUM 34 19 d75w translate-names 0 General Information: This is the list of men w
NUM 34 21 ddd5 translate-names 0 General Information: This continues the list of men who will help divide the land among the tribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NUM 34 24 jyl2 translate-names 0 General Information: This continues the list of men who will help divide the land among the tribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NUM 34 27 hsm6 translate-names 0 General Information: This concludes the list of men who will help divide the land among the tribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NUM 35 intro rg3i 0 # Numbers 35 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br>This chapter continues the material from the previous chapter.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br>#### Revenge<br>Yahweh told Moses to establish safe places for people who accidentally killed other people. This prevented revenge killings. Justice is an important concept in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br>
NUM 35 intro rg3i 0 # Numbers 35 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br>This chapter continues the material from the previous chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Revenge<br>Yahweh told Moses to establish safe places for people who accidentally killed other people. This prevented revenge killings. Justice is an important concept in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br>
NUM 35 1 z6sc 0 plains a large area of flat land
NUM 35 2 ww25 0 give some of their own shares of land to the Levites Yahweh did not give the Levites their own land, so they had to live in cities that belonged to other tribes.
NUM 35 2 hlb8 0 pastureland an area of land where animals feed on grass
@ -1893,7 +1893,7 @@ NUM 35 32 a9qa 0 in this way "by accepting a ransom"
NUM 35 33 gzd5 figs-metaphor 0 Do not pollute in this way the land where you live, because blood from murder pollutes the land Making the land unacceptable to Yahweh is spoken of as if it were physically polluting the land. Alternate translation: "Do not make the land where you live unacceptable to me in this way, because blood from murder makes the land unacceptable to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
NUM 35 33 df8z 0 in this way This means by disobeying the laws concerning a person who kills someone.
NUM 35 33 pl2f figs-activepassive 0 No atonement can be made for the land when blood has been shed on it, except by the blood of the one who shed it This refers to when a person intentionally kills another person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "When someone has shed blood in the land, only the execution of the murderer can make atonement for the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NUM 36 intro ej9v 0 # Numbers 36 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>#### Female heirs<br><br>Women who inherited land from their father must marry men from their tribe so the inheritance does not leave the tribe. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]])<br>
NUM 36 intro ej9v 0 # Numbers 36 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>### Female heirs<br><br>Women who inherited land from their father must marry men from their tribe so the inheritance does not leave the tribe. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]])<br>
NUM 36 1 if4m translate-names 0 Machir This is the name of a man. See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 26:29](../26/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
NUM 36 2 gt4r figs-activepassive 0 You were commanded by Yahweh This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh commanded you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
NUM 36 2 wj3z translate-names 0 Zelophehad This is the name of a man. See how you translated this man's name in [Numbers 26:33](../26/33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

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Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
DEU front intro rm3n 0 # Introduction to Deuteronomy<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of Deuteronomy<br><br>1. Moses reminds Israel of how Yahweh guided them through the wilderness (1:1–3:29)<br>1. Moses appeals for Israel to obey the law of Yahweh (4:1–43)<br>1. The Ten Commandments (5:1–10:22)<br>1. Rules and warnings from the Law (11:1–26:19)<br>1. Instructions for entering Canaan (27:1–26)<br>1. Blessings for obeying and curses for disobeying (28:1-68)<br>1. The covenant renewed (29:1-30:20)<br>1. Last words of Moses, the Song of Moses, and his death (31:1–34:12)<br><br><br>### What is the Book of Deuteronomy about?<br><br>In the book of Deuteronomy, Moses repeats the laws of the covenant that God made with the people of Israel. The people of Israel were about to go into the Promised Land. Before they entered the land, Moses reminded them of what Yahweh did for them and what he expected from them. Moses warned the people about worshipping idols and no longer trusting Yahweh once they settled in the Promised Land. Yahweh promised to judge those who disobey him and to bless those who obey his Law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>The name "Deuteronomy" means "Second Law" or "the retelling of the Law." Translators may decide on a title such as, "A Repeat of the Law" or "Moses Explains the Law Again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Deuteronomy?<br><br>The writers of both the Old and New Testament present Moses as being very involved with writing the Book of Deuteronomy. However, many scholars think that Joshua wrote chapter 34. This chapter tells how Moses died.<br><br>### What are the important features of the Book of Deuteronomy?<br><br>The book contains a series of speeches that Moses gave to Israel before he died. He spoke these things just before the people entered the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### Why did Yahweh command the Israelites to completely destroy the people who lived in the Promised Land?<br><br>As God prepared the Israelites to enter the Promised Land, he commanded them to completely destroy the Canaanite people who lived there. The Israelites would then not be tempted to join them and worship their false gods.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### What is the role of God's name in Deuteronomy?<br><br>God's name is mentioned over thirty times in the book of Deuteronomy. The use of God's name in this book usually represents God's honor or fame. At other times in Deuteronomy, God's name represents his presence. God said he would choose a place and make his name dwell there. This means God's presence would be there. The people were to go to that place to worship him.<br><br>### Can this book be translated before the rest of the Pentateuch?<br><br>The Books of Genesis and Exodus help to explain what happens in Deuteronomy. For this reason, those books should be translated before the Book of Deuteronomy.<br>
DEU 1 intro ggp9 0 # Deuteronomy 01 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter forms a continuation with the last chapter of the book of Numbers.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Yahweh's victory<br>The chapter explains that Israel's conquering of the Promised Land will be done by Yahweh. They are not to fear the people of Canaan but be obedient to Yahweh. Yahweh is bringing about his judgement upon the people of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])<br><br>#### Possessing the land<br>While the Promised Land belongs to Israel, they do not possess the land. Possessing the land is an important theme. Posessing the land depended on Israel's faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])<br>
DEU 1 intro ggp9 0 # Deuteronomy 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter forms a continuation with the last chapter of the book of Numbers.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh's victory<br>The chapter explains that Israel's conquering of the Promised Land will be done by Yahweh. They are not to fear the people of Canaan but be obedient to Yahweh. Yahweh is bringing about his judgement upon the people of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])<br><br>### Possessing the land<br>While the Promised Land belongs to Israel, they do not possess the land. Possessing the land is an important theme. Posessing the land depended on Israel's faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])<br>
DEU 1 1 j9ty 0 beyond the Jordan This refers to the land across the Jordan River, to the east of Israel. Moses was east of the Jordan when he spoke to the Israelites. Alternate translation: "east of the Jordan"
DEU 1 1 bg65 translate-names 0 Suph ... Paran ... Tophel ... Laban ... Hazeroth ... Dizahab These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU 1 2 p4gk 0 It is eleven days' journey from Horeb ... to Kadesh Barnea "It takes eleven days to walk from Horeb ... to Kadesh Barnea"
@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ DEU 1 44 fn6p translate-names 0 Hormah This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc:/
DEU 1 44 xcg6 0 struck you down "killed many of your soldiers"
DEU 1 45 d7e5 0 General Information: Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did.
DEU 1 45 yrs7 0 returned and wept "returned to Kadesh and wept"
DEU 2 intro ji46 0 # Deuteronomy 02 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Covenant faithfulness<br>Yahweh is faithful to the covenant he made with Abraham. He is also faithful to the promises he made with Esau and Lot. Because of this, Israel was given specific land it was able to conquer in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])<br>
DEU 2 intro ji46 0 # Deuteronomy 02 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Covenant faithfulness<br>Yahweh is faithful to the covenant he made with Abraham. He is also faithful to the promises he made with Esau and Lot. Because of this, Israel was given specific land it was able to conquer in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])<br>
DEU 2 1 ys5a 0 General Information: Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did.
DEU 2 1 b9af 0 Then we turned and took our journey "Then we turned around and went"
DEU 2 1 yf1v 0 we went around Mount Seir for many days Possible meanings are 1) the Israelites traveled around the mountain called Seir for a very long time or 2) the Israelites wandered in a region called Mount Seir for a very long time.
@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ DEU 2 36 pd7q translate-names 0 Valley of the Arnon "Arnon" is the name of a ri
DEU 2 36 snr1 figs-litotes 0 there was not a city too high for us This negative statement is used to emphasize their success in battle. This can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: "we were able to defeat the people of every city even if the city had high walls around it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
DEU 2 37 v1z7 figs-you 0 you did not go Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so "you" is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU 2 37 vt6d translate-names 0 Jabbok River This is the name of a river that created the border between Sihon's land and the land of the Ammonites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU 3 intro z1ea 0 # Deuteronomy 03 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Victories<br>The victories recorded in this chapter occurred on the east side of the Jordan River. This was not part of the Promised Land, which was on the west side of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br>
DEU 3 intro z1ea 0 # Deuteronomy 03 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Victories<br>The victories recorded in this chapter occurred on the east side of the Jordan River. This was not part of the Promised Land, which was on the west side of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br>
DEU 3 1 b1tm 0 General Information: Moses continues reminding the people of Israel of what happened in the past.
DEU 3 1 z2w7 translate-names 0 Og This is the name of a king. See how you translated it in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU 3 1 v626 translate-names 0 Edrei This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ DEU 3 27 qm9b 0 Pisgah See how you translated this is in [Deuteronomy 3:17](..
DEU 3 27 a7ag figs-idiom 0 lift up your eyes The words "lift up your eyes" are an idiom that means look. Alternate translation: "look" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU 3 28 x7d3 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
DEU 3 29 dut2 translate-names 0 Beth Peor This is the name of a town in Moab near Mount Pisgah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU 4 intro d8g8 0 # Deuteronomy 04 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Law of Moses<br>In order to possess the land, the people needed to obey the law of Moses. This will be the most important thing in the religious life of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>#### Moses' instructions<br>Moses is not allowed to enter into the Promised Land. Since they are getting ready to possess the Promised Land, Moses gives them some last instructions before his death. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br><br>### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>#### Rhetorical Questions<br>Moses uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these questions is to convince his readers to obey his instructions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br>
DEU 4 intro d8g8 0 # Deuteronomy 04 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Law of Moses<br>In order to possess the land, the people needed to obey the law of Moses. This will be the most important thing in the religious life of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>### Moses' instructions<br>Moses is not allowed to enter into the Promised Land. Since they are getting ready to possess the Promised Land, Moses gives them some last instructions before his death. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical Questions<br>Moses uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these questions is to convince his readers to obey his instructions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br>
DEU 4 1 m1n5 0 I am about to teach you Moses is telling the people of Israel what God wants them to do.
DEU 4 1 zdp5 0 to do them "and obey them"
DEU 4 2 ft3x 0 You will not add to the words ... neither will you diminish them Yahweh does not want his people to create new laws, or to ignore those he has already given them.
@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ DEU 4 48 n3ct 0 the Valley of the Arnon This is the name of a place. See how y
DEU 4 48 vyn6 0 Mount Siyon ... Mount Hermon These are different names for the same mountain. The word "Sion" is another spelling of "Sirion" ([Deuteronomy 3:9](../03/09.md)). See how you translated "Mount Hermon" in [Deuteronomy 3:8](../03/08.md).
DEU 4 49 axk1 0 eastward beyond the Jordan This refers to the land across the Jordan River, to the east of Israel. Moses was east of the Jordan when he said this. Alternate translation: "eastward from the side of the Jordan River"
DEU 4 49 x6zf 0 Sea of the Arabah ... Mount Pisgah See how you translated these names in [Deuteronomy 3:17](../03/17.md).
DEU 5 intro xsp1 0 # Deuteronomy 05 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each of the commandements in the list of Ten Commandments in 5:7-21 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT uses a separate paragraph for each commandment.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Ten commandments<br>This chapter repeats the material of Exodus 20. It is known as the Ten Commandments.<br><br>### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>#### Metaphors and idioms<br>Moses uses metaphors and idioms to instruct the people to follow the law of Moses. This is because it is very important to follow these laws. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])<br>
DEU 5 intro xsp1 0 # Deuteronomy 05 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each of the commandements in the list of Ten Commandments in 5:7-21 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT uses a separate paragraph for each commandment.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Ten commandments<br>This chapter repeats the material of Exodus 20. It is known as the Ten Commandments.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors and idioms<br>Moses uses metaphors and idioms to instruct the people to follow the law of Moses. This is because it is very important to follow these laws. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])<br>
DEU 5 1 d5qb 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
DEU 5 1 vj47 figs-hyperbole 0 called to all Israel Here "all" is a generalization. Moses wanted everyone in Israel to hear and obey his words, but his voice was probably not so loud that everyone actually heard him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
DEU 5 1 rwb1 figs-synecdoche 0 that I will speak in your ears today Here "ears" refers to the whole person. This metaphor emphasizes that the people know what Moses has said to them, so they cannot sin and then say they did not know they were sinning. Alternate translation: "that I will speak to you today" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ DEU 5 32 kyg9 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of
DEU 5 32 weq5 0 You will keep Moses is giving a command to the people of Israel.
DEU 5 32 w87i figs-metaphor 0 you will not turn aside to the right hand or to the left This compares a person disobeying God to a person turning off of the correct path. Alternate translation: "you will not disobey him in any way" or "you will do everything he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU 5 33 ype4 figs-metaphor 0 prolong your days Long days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:40](../04/40.md). Alternate translation: "be able to live a long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU 6 intro q4y8 0 # Deuteronomy 06 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Yahweh's blessings<br>Yahweh's continued blessing of the people of Israel is dependent upon the people's obedience to the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>#### Metaphors<br>There are many metaphors in this chapter. These metaphors describe the greatness of the Promised Land the wholehearted worship that is completely dedicated to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br>
DEU 6 intro q4y8 0 # Deuteronomy 06 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh's blessings<br>Yahweh's continued blessing of the people of Israel is dependent upon the people's obedience to the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors<br>There are many metaphors in this chapter. These metaphors describe the greatness of the Promised Land the wholehearted worship that is completely dedicated to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br>
DEU 6 1 it53 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues the speech to the people of Israel he began in [Deuteronomy 5:1](../05/01.md). Beginning in verse 2, he speaks to the people of Israel as if they were one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU 6 1 z6zb 0 might keep "might obey"
DEU 6 1 ymp9 0 going over the Jordan "going to the other side of the Jordan River"
@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ DEU 6 24 nhg8 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to tell the peopl
DEU 6 24 ye68 0 keep obey at all times and for a long time
DEU 6 25 p4b1 0 before Yahweh "in the presence of Yahweh" or "where Yahweh can see us"
DEU 6 25 bva9 figs-metonymy 0 this will be our righteousness The word "this" refers to keeping Yahweh's commands. This is a metonym for Yahweh considering them righteous. Alternate translation: "he will consider us righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU 7 intro y1wn 0 # Deuteronomy 07 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### "You must completely destroy them"<br>The people of Canaan were to be punished by Yahweh. Yahweh used Israel to punish these nations. If they were not completely destroyed, they would lead Israel into sin. Therefore, they were to be completely destroyed and be shown no mercy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]])<br><br>#### Abrahamic Covenant<br>This chapter references parts of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham. It also emphasizes Yahweh's faithfulness to this covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])<br>
DEU 7 intro y1wn 0 # Deuteronomy 07 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### "You must completely destroy them"<br>The people of Canaan were to be punished by Yahweh. Yahweh used Israel to punish these nations. If they were not completely destroyed, they would lead Israel into sin. Therefore, they were to be completely destroyed and be shown no mercy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]])<br><br>### Abrahamic Covenant<br>This chapter references parts of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham. It also emphasizes Yahweh's faithfulness to this covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])<br>
DEU 7 1 zv16 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU 7 2 wdj3 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU 7 2 h8dz figs-metaphor 0 gives them over to you Moses speaks of victory as if it were a physical object one person could give to another. Alternate translation: "enables you to defeat them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -554,7 +554,7 @@ DEU 7 25 su6c figs-metaphor 0 you will become trapped by it Even taking the gol
DEU 7 25 z31g 0 for it is an abomination to Yahweh your God These words tell why Yahweh wants the people to burn the idols. "do this because Yahweh your God hates it very much"
DEU 7 26 b8dp figs-doublet 0 You will utterly detest and abhor The words "detest" and "abhor" mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of hatred. Alternate translation: "You will completely hate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU 7 26 xs75 figs-metaphor 0 for it is set apart for destruction Yahweh cursing something and promising to destroy it is spoken of as if Yahweh were setting the object apart from everything else. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "for Yahweh has set it apart for destruction" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU 8 intro w4zj 0 # Deuteronomy 08 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Forgetting<br>This chapter recalls the great things that Yahweh has done for Israel and is about to do for them. This is so they do not forget him and they will continue to worship him. They must remember that Yahweh is the source of their blessings. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])<br>
DEU 8 intro w4zj 0 # Deuteronomy 08 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Forgetting<br>This chapter recalls the great things that Yahweh has done for Israel and is about to do for them. This is so they do not forget him and they will continue to worship him. They must remember that Yahweh is the source of their blessings. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])<br>
DEU 8 1 rbf2 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU 8 1 zvt4 figs-you 0 You must keep ... you may live and multiply, and go in and possess ... your fathers All instances of "you" and "your" and the verbs are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU 8 2 t2tj figs-idiom 0 You will call to mind This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "You must remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -620,7 +620,7 @@ DEU 8 19 umv6 0 you will surely perish "you will certainly die"
DEU 8 20 d86j figs-you 0 before you ... you perish ... you would not ... your God All these instances of "you" and "your" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU 8 20 a8kh 0 before you "in front of you"
DEU 8 20 l83x figs-metonymy 0 would not listen to the voice of Yahweh Here "the voice of Yahweh" means what Yahweh tells his people to do. Alternate translation: "would not obey Yahweh's commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU 9 intro id6j 0 # Deuteronomy 09 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Yahweh's victory<br>This chapter assures the Israelites that it is Yahweh who will empower them to conquer the Promised Land. The Israelites will not be strong enough on their own to conquer these other nations. This victory will be Yahweh's. The people did not earn this victory, but it is Yahweh's punishment of these sinful nations. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>#### Israel's sin<br>Yahweh is about to punish the Canaanites for their sin. He also reminds Israel of their sin. This serves as a warning to the people of Israel. If they sin again, Yahweh will punish them too.<br>
DEU 9 intro id6j 0 # Deuteronomy 09 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh's victory<br>This chapter assures the Israelites that it is Yahweh who will empower them to conquer the Promised Land. The Israelites will not be strong enough on their own to conquer these other nations. This victory will be Yahweh's. The people did not earn this victory, but it is Yahweh's punishment of these sinful nations. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>### Israel's sin<br>Yahweh is about to punish the Canaanites for their sin. He also reminds Israel of their sin. This serves as a warning to the people of Israel. If they sin again, Yahweh will punish them too.<br>
DEU 9 1 iqh4 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU 9 1 wy46 figs-metonymy 0 Hear, Israel The word "Israel" is a metonym for the people of Israel. Alternate translation: "Listen, people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU 9 1 n75r 0 to dispossess "to take the land from"
@ -686,7 +686,7 @@ DEU 9 27 hp8s figs-idiom 0 Call to mind This is an idiom. Alternate translation
DEU 9 28 cc26 figs-metonymy 0 so that the land from where you brought us The words "the land" are a metonym for the people of Egypt. Alternate translation: "so that the people of Egypt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU 9 28 pt4p 0 should say "can say"
DEU 9 29 rw92 figs-doublet 0 by your great strength and by the display of your power These phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of Yahweh's power that he used to rescue his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU 10 intro ceg6 0 # Deuteronomy 10 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is a continuation of the previous chapter.<br><br>This chapter focuses on retelling the great things Yahweh has done. It is a continuation of the material from the previous chapter. It is possible that this is a type of sermon or homily, where Moses is giving the people instructions.<br>
DEU 10 intro ceg6 0 # Deuteronomy 10 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is a continuation of the previous chapter.<br><br>This chapter focuses on retelling the great things Yahweh has done. It is a continuation of the material from the previous chapter. It is possible that this is a type of sermon or homily, where Moses is giving the people instructions.<br>
DEU 10 1 y2d7 0 General Information: Moses continues to remind the people of Israel about what happened in the past.
DEU 10 1 zf2r 0 At that time "After I finished praying"
DEU 10 1 sa1t figs-ellipsis 0 the first This refers to the first set of tablets that Moses had broken. Alternate translation: "the tablets you had before" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
@ -754,7 +754,7 @@ DEU 10 22 es8i figs-you 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the
DEU 10 22 p41a 0 went down into Egypt "traveled south to Egypt" or "went to Egypt"
DEU 10 22 ap9n translate-numbers 0 seventy persons "70 persons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU 10 22 hh5t figs-simile 0 as many as the stars of the heavens This emphasizes the large number of Israelites that were with Moses. Alternate translation: "more than you can count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
DEU 11 intro ifg3 0 # Deuteronomy 11 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>#### Therefore<br>This chapter begins with the word "therefore," which looks back to the instructions Moses gave in the previous two chapters.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Eyewitnesses<br>The instruction that Moses gives and the retelling of the great things Yahweh has done for Israel are very important. This is because the generation entering into the Promised Land did not witness many of these events. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])<br><br>#### Covenant<br>This chapter is included in the covenant God made with Moses, even though it is not explicitly said. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
DEU 11 intro ifg3 0 # Deuteronomy 11 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>### Therefore<br>This chapter begins with the word "therefore," which looks back to the instructions Moses gave in the previous two chapters.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Eyewitnesses<br>The instruction that Moses gives and the retelling of the great things Yahweh has done for Israel are very important. This is because the generation entering into the Promised Land did not witness many of these events. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])<br><br>### Covenant<br>This chapter is included in the covenant God made with Moses, even though it is not explicitly said. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
DEU 11 1 sgh5 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU 11 1 e1ef 0 always keep "always obey"
DEU 11 2 s2x1 0 who have not known nor have they seen "who have not experienced"
@ -840,7 +840,7 @@ DEU 11 31 ke82 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people o
DEU 11 32 k55e 0 all the statutes and the decrees These are the statutes and decrees Moses will give in Deuteronomy 12-26.
DEU 11 32 h7se 0 I set before you today This does not mean these are new. Moses is reviewing the same statutes and decrees that he gave 40 years earlier.
DEU 11 32 jh1q figs-metaphor 0 I set before you God's statutes and decrees, which Moses is telling the people, are spoken of as if they were objects that Moses is setting before the people. Alternate translation: "I am giving to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU 12 intro mt76 0 # Deuteronomy 12 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Covenant with Moses<br><br>This chapter is a continuation of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. The reasons for these food restrictions are not always known.(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>#### Israel and Yahweh<br><br>In the ancient Near East, when nations conquered other nations, they often added the gods of the conquered nation into their collection of gods they worshiped. It was rare to worship only one God. Israel was to be known for worshiping Yahweh and Yahweh alone. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])<br>
DEU 12 intro mt76 0 # Deuteronomy 12 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Covenant with Moses<br><br>This chapter is a continuation of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. The reasons for these food restrictions are not always known.(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>### Israel and Yahweh<br><br>In the ancient Near East, when nations conquered other nations, they often added the gods of the conquered nation into their collection of gods they worshiped. It was rare to worship only one God. Israel was to be known for worshiping Yahweh and Yahweh alone. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])<br>
DEU 12 1 dsl2 0 General Information: Moses is still talking to the people of Israel.
DEU 12 1 pm4g 0 you will keep "you must obey"
DEU 12 1 bb6r figs-idiom 0 all the days that you live on the earth The phrase "live on the earth" is an idiom that means as long as a person lives. Alternate translation: "for as long as you live" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -923,7 +923,7 @@ DEU 12 30 w8wj figs-metaphor 0 not trapped into following them The Israelites w
DEU 12 30 j6jf figs-activepassive 0 after they are destroyed from before you This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "after Yahweh destroys them before you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU 12 30 rz9c figs-quotesinquotes 0 into asking, 'How do these nations worship their gods? I will do the same.' This is a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: "into asking about how those people groups worship their gods so that you can do the same." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
DEU 12 32 zxp6 0 Do not add to it or take away from it They are not to create more laws nor are they to ignore laws that God has given them.
DEU 13 intro e2ze 0 # Deuteronomy 13 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Worshiping other gods<br><br>The people were required to listen to Yahweh's prophets unless they were encouraging the people to worship other gods. The punishment for anyone leading the people to worship other gods was death. These instructions were to keep Israel's worship of Yahweh pure. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/purify]])<br>
DEU 13 intro e2ze 0 # Deuteronomy 13 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Worshiping other gods<br><br>The people were required to listen to Yahweh's prophets unless they were encouraging the people to worship other gods. The punishment for anyone leading the people to worship other gods was death. These instructions were to keep Israel's worship of Yahweh pure. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/purify]])<br>
DEU 13 1 z8ea 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU 13 1 ei8s 0 If there arises among you "If there appears among you" or "If someone among you claims to be"
DEU 13 1 d2pw 0 a dreamer of dreams This is someone who receives messages from God through dreams.
@ -973,7 +973,7 @@ DEU 13 17 d934 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh will turn from the fierceness of his ange
DEU 13 17 vyv7 0 to your fathers Here "fathers" means ancestors or forefathers.
DEU 13 18 zgj9 figs-metonymy 0 you are listening to the voice of Yahweh Here "voice" represents what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: "you are obeying what Yahweh says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU 13 18 gjk4 figs-metaphor 0 that which is right in the eyes of Yahweh your God The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: "that which is right in Yahweh's judgment" or "that which Yahweh your God considers to be right" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU 14 intro epl7 0 # Deuteronomy 14 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Law of Moses<br>This chapter is part of the law of Moses, which is part of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>#### Clean animals<br>There are animals which the law considered to be clean and unclean. The people were not allowed to eat the unclean animals. Scholars are uncertain about the reasons for the animals to be considered to be clean or unclean. The result of these food restrictions was a nation that was different than the nations surrounding it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])<br>
DEU 14 intro epl7 0 # Deuteronomy 14 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Law of Moses<br>This chapter is part of the law of Moses, which is part of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>### Clean animals<br>There are animals which the law considered to be clean and unclean. The people were not allowed to eat the unclean animals. Scholars are uncertain about the reasons for the animals to be considered to be clean or unclean. The result of these food restrictions was a nation that was different than the nations surrounding it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])<br>
DEU 14 1 yca2 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU 14 1 c6vr 0 You are the people All occurrences of "you" refer to the people of Israel. Moses was included as a part of the people. Alternate translation: "We are the people"
DEU 14 1 qkn4 translate-symaction 0 Do not cut yourselves, nor shave any part of your face for the dead These were ways the people groups living in Canaan showed that they were grieving over people who had died. Moses is telling the people of Israel not to act like them. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -1032,7 +1032,7 @@ DEU 14 29 mju1 figs-metaphor 0 because he has no portion nor inheritance with y
DEU 14 29 qi4c 0 fatherless These are children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them.
DEU 14 29 v7bc 0 widow This is a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her in her old age.
DEU 14 29 zfp5 figs-synecdoche 0 in all the work of your hand that you do Here "hand" represents the whole person. This refers to the work that someone does. Alternate translation: "in all the work you do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU 15 intro n3mh 0 # Deuteronomy 15 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Forgiveness of Debt<br>This chapter gives instructions about the necessity to regularly forgive debt among their fellow countryman. This prevented people from being trapped by their poverty.<br><br>#### Justice<br>As Yahweh's chosen nation, there must be justice in Israel. This chapter gives commands that encouraged justice by protecting the poor, servants and slaves. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br>
DEU 15 intro n3mh 0 # Deuteronomy 15 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Forgiveness of Debt<br>This chapter gives instructions about the necessity to regularly forgive debt among their fellow countryman. This prevented people from being trapped by their poverty.<br><br>### Justice<br>As Yahweh's chosen nation, there must be justice in Israel. This chapter gives commands that encouraged justice by protecting the poor, servants and slaves. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br>
DEU 15 1 s315 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU 15 1 my7z translate-numbers 0 seven years "7 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU 15 1 ym2l 0 you must cancel debts "forgive every thing which people still owe you"
@ -1096,7 +1096,7 @@ DEU 15 22 rqw8 figs-metaphor 0 the unclean ... persons A person who is not acce
DEU 15 22 b1cn figs-metaphor 0 the clean persons A person who is acceptable for God's purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU 15 22 lxt5 0 a gazelle or a deer These are wild animals with long thin legs that can run quickly. See how you translated these in [Deuteronomy 12:15](../12/15.md).
DEU 15 23 bw7p 0 you must not eat its blood "you must not consume its blood." Yahweh did not allow Israelites to consume blood because the blood represented life ([Deuteronomy 12:23](../12/23.md)).
DEU 16 intro fgs7 0 # Deuteronomy 16 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Festivals<br><br>This chapter retells the specific commands about how to celebrate the Passover. This recalled the Passover in Egypt, which was an important event in the formation of the nation of Israel. There are several other important festivals described in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]])<br><br>#### Life in Israel<br><br>As Yahweh's chosen nation, there must be justice in Israel. Also, Yahweh must be the only God in Israel. He alone is to be worshiped. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br>
DEU 16 intro fgs7 0 # Deuteronomy 16 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Festivals<br><br>This chapter retells the specific commands about how to celebrate the Passover. This recalled the Passover in Egypt, which was an important event in the formation of the nation of Israel. There are several other important festivals described in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]])<br><br>### Life in Israel<br><br>As Yahweh's chosen nation, there must be justice in Israel. Also, Yahweh must be the only God in Israel. He alone is to be worshiped. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br>
DEU 16 1 v2as 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU 16 1 q8mq translate-hebrewmonths 0 month of Aviv This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. It marks when God brought the people of Israel out of Egypt. It is during the last part of March and the first part April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU 16 1 l33g figs-explicit 0 keep the Passover It is implied by "keep the Passover" that they would celebrate and eat the Passover meal. Alternate translation: "celebrate the Passover meal" or "eat the Passover meal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -1153,7 +1153,7 @@ DEU 16 20 b78e figs-metaphor 0 inherit the land that Yahweh your God is giving
DEU 16 21 ec3t figs-you 0 You must not Here "You" refers to all the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU 16 22 mw2w figs-distinguish 0 any sacred stone pillar, which Yahweh your God hates The phrase "which Yahweh your God hates" is giving more information about the sacred stone pillar. Alternate translation: "any sacred stone pillar because Yahweh your God hates them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
DEU 16 22 s7sn 0 sacred stone pillar This refers to pillars that are idols used to worship false gods.
DEU 17 intro a3z4 0 # Deuteronomy 17 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Witnesses<br>In the ancient Near East, it was common for a person to be punished by the testimony of a single person, especially if this was an important person. The rules in this chapter give protection to people, especially the poor by requiring multiple witnesses. This allowed justice to be done. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br><br>#### King<br>Israel was not to have a king because Yahweh was their king. Knowing the sinfulness of the people, Yahweh anticipated that one day Israel would have a king. Therefore, this passage gives commands about their king prophetically. They were not allowed to collect chariots because they were a sign of earthly power and the king was to trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
DEU 17 intro a3z4 0 # Deuteronomy 17 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Witnesses<br>In the ancient Near East, it was common for a person to be punished by the testimony of a single person, especially if this was an important person. The rules in this chapter give protection to people, especially the poor by requiring multiple witnesses. This allowed justice to be done. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br><br>### King<br>Israel was not to have a king because Yahweh was their king. Knowing the sinfulness of the people, Yahweh anticipated that one day Israel would have a king. Therefore, this passage gives commands about their king prophetically. They were not allowed to collect chariots because they were a sign of earthly power and the king was to trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
DEU 17 1 a78k 0 General Information: Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU 17 1 d6zp 0 in which is any blemish "that has a blemish" or "that has something wrong with it." The animal is to appear healthy without any deformity.
DEU 17 1 y292 0 that would be an abomination to Yahweh "that would be disgusting to Yahweh"
@ -1196,7 +1196,7 @@ DEU 17 19 f877 figs-parallelism 0 so as to keep all the words of this law and t
DEU 17 20 b7e5 figs-synecdoche 0 so that his heart is not lifted up above his brothers Here "his heart" refers to the whole person. A king becoming arrogant is spoken of as if his heart were lifted up. Alternate translation: "so that he does not become arrogant" or "so that he does not think he is better than his fellow Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU 17 20 idm3 figs-metaphor 0 so that he does not turn away from the commandments, to the right hand or to the left A king disobeying God's commands is spoken of as if a person were to turn off the correct path. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "so that he does not disobey any of the commandments" or "so that he obeys all of the commandments" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
DEU 17 20 sa87 figs-metaphor 0 prolong his days Long days is a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated a similar phrase "prolong your days" in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: "be able to live a long time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU 18 intro u6pf 0 # Deuteronomy 18 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Levites<br>As Yahweh's chosen priests, the priest were to trust in Yahweh to provide for them. He provided for them through the rest of the Israelites. Yahweh was their inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]])<br><br>#### Messiah<br>This chapter is one of the first prophecies about the promised, coming Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])<br>
DEU 18 intro u6pf 0 # Deuteronomy 18 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Levites<br>As Yahweh's chosen priests, the priest were to trust in Yahweh to provide for them. He provided for them through the rest of the Israelites. Yahweh was their inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]])<br><br>### Messiah<br>This chapter is one of the first prophecies about the promised, coming Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])<br>
DEU 18 1 ztw1 0 General Information: Moses continues telling the people what Yahweh wants them to do.
DEU 18 1 u386 figs-metaphor 0 will have no portion nor inheritance with Israel The Levites not receiving any land from Yahweh is spoken of as if they would not receive an inheritance. Alternate translation: "will not possess any of the people's land" or "will not receive any of the land that the Israelites will possess" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU 18 1 z6rx 0 no portion "no part" or "no share"
@ -1243,7 +1243,7 @@ DEU 18 21 gbx1 0 How will we recognize a message that Yahweh has not spoken? "
DEU 18 22 law3 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking.
DEU 18 22 kzp4 figs-metonymy 0 a prophet speaks in the name of Yahweh Here "name of Yahweh" refers to Yahweh himself and his authority. Alternate translation: "a prophet claims to speak for me" or "a prophet claims to speak with my authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU 18 22 ys2k 0 the prophet has spoken it arrogantly "the prophet has spoken this message without my authority"
DEU 19 intro r53s 0 # Deuteronomy 19 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Justice<br>Another way justice would be maintained in Israel was by avoiding revenge killings. This chapter describes the establishment of special cities to protect those fleeing from revenge killings. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])<br><br>#### Witnesses<br>In the ancient Near East, it was common for a person to be punished by the testimony of a single person, especially if this was an important person. The rules in this chapter give protection to people, especially the poor by requiring multiple witnesses. This allowed justice to be done. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])<br><br>### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>#### Law of retaliation<br>The chapter describes a famous law, often called the "law of retaliation." It is said, an "eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot." This does not mean a person who causes another person to lose their eye must have their own eye removed as punishment. This law is not about making all things equal. Instead, it is about limiting the punishment or the ability of a person to retaliate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
DEU 19 intro r53s 0 # Deuteronomy 19 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Justice<br>Another way justice would be maintained in Israel was by avoiding revenge killings. This chapter describes the establishment of special cities to protect those fleeing from revenge killings. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])<br><br>### Witnesses<br>In the ancient Near East, it was common for a person to be punished by the testimony of a single person, especially if this was an important person. The rules in this chapter give protection to people, especially the poor by requiring multiple witnesses. This allowed justice to be done. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Law of retaliation<br>The chapter describes a famous law, often called the "law of retaliation." It is said, an "eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot." This does not mean a person who causes another person to lose their eye must have their own eye removed as punishment. This law is not about making all things equal. Instead, it is about limiting the punishment or the ability of a person to retaliate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
DEU 19 1 rka3 0 General Information: Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU 19 1 av28 figs-metaphor 0 When Yahweh your God cuts off the nations Yahweh destroying the people who live in Canaan is spoken of as if he were cutting them off, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU 19 1 jh1z figs-metonymy 0 the nations This represents the people groups that live in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1320,7 +1320,7 @@ DEU 19 20 n7hc figs-explicit 0 will hear and fear The full meaning of this stat
DEU 19 20 wqw9 0 commit no longer any such evil "never again do something evil like that"
DEU 19 21 z5fm figs-synecdoche 0 Your eyes must not pity Here "eyes" refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: "You must not pity him" or "You must not show him mercy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU 19 21 nz4x figs-ellipsis 0 life will pay for life ... foot for foot Here the phrases are shortened because the meaning is understood. It means the people must punish a person in the same way that he harmed another person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
DEU 20 intro qq8m 0 # Deuteronomy 20 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Yahweh's protection<br>Israel was not to worry about the power and strength of other nations. Instead, they were to trust in the power of Yahweh. He is the source of their military strength and protection. This is why a priest leads them into battle, rather than a military commander. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])<br><br>#### Holy war<br>Israel's conquering of the Promised Land was unique in history. It was a type of holy war and had special rules. This war was really Yahweh's punishment against the sin of the Canaanite people. If the people were not completely destroyed, they would cause Israel to sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>#### "What man is there"<br>This phrase is used several times to introduce a rhetorical question. The questions are intended to tell the readers that Yahweh only wants soldiers who are completely dedicated to fighting for him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br><br>### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>#### Excused from fighting<br>In ancient Israel, men were excused from fighting in battle for several different reasons. Some of these reasons are mentioned in this chapter. Apparently, needing to establish a new house, the need to harvest a field and cowardice were possible excuses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
DEU 20 intro qq8m 0 # Deuteronomy 20 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh's protection<br>Israel was not to worry about the power and strength of other nations. Instead, they were to trust in the power of Yahweh. He is the source of their military strength and protection. This is why a priest leads them into battle, rather than a military commander. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])<br><br>### Holy war<br>Israel's conquering of the Promised Land was unique in history. It was a type of holy war and had special rules. This war was really Yahweh's punishment against the sin of the Canaanite people. If the people were not completely destroyed, they would cause Israel to sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### "What man is there"<br>This phrase is used several times to introduce a rhetorical question. The questions are intended to tell the readers that Yahweh only wants soldiers who are completely dedicated to fighting for him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Excused from fighting<br>In ancient Israel, men were excused from fighting in battle for several different reasons. Some of these reasons are mentioned in this chapter. Apparently, needing to establish a new house, the need to harvest a field and cowardice were possible excuses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
DEU 20 1 x89z 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU 20 1 ei7a 0 When you march out to battle against your enemies "When you go out to fight in a war against your enemies"
DEU 20 1 r5j1 figs-explicit 0 see horses, chariots People considered an army with many horses and chariots to be very strong. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -1372,7 +1372,7 @@ DEU 20 20 gis7 0 you know are not trees for food "you know are not trees that
DEU 20 20 czc4 0 siege works These are tools and structures, such as ladders and towers, that are needed to lay siege to a city.
DEU 20 20 g9ny figs-idiom 0 until it falls This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "until the people of the city lose the war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU 20 20 fdg1 figs-metonymy 0 it falls Here "it" refers to the city which represents the people of the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU 21 intro qfb6 0 # Deuteronomy 21 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Elders<br>Older men were required to lead the people of Israel and help to administer justice. These men would function as judges, which would later become a more official position. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br><br>#### Peace in Israel<br>The rules and instructions in this chapter help to ensure peace in Israel. This is not a military peace. Instead, it is about establishing peace within Israel and among the people.<br>
DEU 21 intro qfb6 0 # Deuteronomy 21 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Elders<br>Older men were required to lead the people of Israel and help to administer justice. These men would function as judges, which would later become a more official position. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br><br>### Peace in Israel<br>The rules and instructions in this chapter help to ensure peace in Israel. This is not a military peace. Instead, it is about establishing peace within Israel and among the people.<br>
DEU 21 1 g61z 0 General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
DEU 21 1 z641 figs-activepassive 0 If someone is found killed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "If someone finds a person whom someone else has killed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU 21 1 iqh7 0 lying in the field The dead person is lying in the field.
@ -1442,7 +1442,7 @@ DEU 21 22 hfw9 0 you hang him on a tree Possible meanings are 1) "after he has
DEU 21 23 y9lb 0 bury him the same day "bury him on the same day as when you execute him"
DEU 21 23 ztq8 figs-activepassive 0 for whoever is hanged is cursed by God This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) "because God curses everyone whom people hang on trees" and 2) "people hang on trees those whom God has cursed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU 21 23 i54a 0 do not defile the land by leaving something God has cursed hanging in the tree
DEU 22 intro hk1i 0 # Deuteronomy 22 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Order in Israel<br>The instructions in this chapter help to maintain order in this chapter. The people are to have integrity. The people's sin will result in serious punishment. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>#### Virgin woman<br>If a woman was not a virgin, she was not considered to be worth marrying. The man who slept with her was responsible for providing for her since she will not be able to find a husband to provide for her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
DEU 22 intro hk1i 0 # Deuteronomy 22 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Order in Israel<br>The instructions in this chapter help to maintain order in this chapter. The people are to have integrity. The people's sin will result in serious punishment. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>### Virgin woman<br>If a woman was not a virgin, she was not considered to be worth marrying. The man who slept with her was responsible for providing for her since she will not be able to find a husband to provide for her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
DEU 22 1 b8pa figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU 22 1 j8sq 0 go astray "walk away from its owner"
DEU 22 1 z51n figs-idiom 0 hide yourself from them This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "act as if you do not see them" or "go away without doing anything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -1526,7 +1526,7 @@ DEU 22 28 m9ah figs-activepassive 0 if they are discovered This can be stated i
DEU 22 29 tr9z translate-bmoney 0 fifty shekels of silver A shekel weighs eleven grams. Alternate translation: "fifty pieces of silver" or "550 grams of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU 22 29 yb82 figs-idiom 0 He may not send her away during all his days This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "He must never divorce her during his entire life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU 22 30 hh8b figs-explicit 0 must not take his father's wife as his own The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "must not marry his father's former wife, even if she is not his mother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU 23 intro rn7c 0 # Deuteronomy 23 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### The assembly of Yahweh<br>This was probably the corporate worship of Yahweh, when the people would come together to worship him.<br><br>#### Racial superiority<br>Yahweh viewed Israel as superior to the other nations of Canaan. In many cultures, this may be seen as immoral. It must be remembered that the instructions of this chapter are very remote from the modern world. These people groups were always sinful and idolatrous. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
DEU 23 intro rn7c 0 # Deuteronomy 23 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The assembly of Yahweh<br>This was probably the corporate worship of Yahweh, when the people would come together to worship him.<br><br>### Racial superiority<br>Yahweh viewed Israel as superior to the other nations of Canaan. In many cultures, this may be seen as immoral. It must be remembered that the instructions of this chapter are very remote from the modern world. These people groups were always sinful and idolatrous. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
DEU 23 1 r8v9 0 man injured by crushing or cutting off "man whose private body parts someone has crushed or cut off"
DEU 23 1 z8kb figs-idiom 0 may enter the assembly of Yahweh This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "may be a full member of the Israelite community" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU 23 2 j67e 0 illegitimate child Possible meanings are 1) a child born to parents who committed incest or adultery or 2) a child born to a prostitute.
@ -1585,7 +1585,7 @@ DEU 23 25 em5k 0 When you go into your neighbor's ripe grain "When you walk th
DEU 23 25 v1t5 0 you may pluck the heads of grain with your hand "then you may eat the kernels of grain with your hand"
DEU 23 25 jv7v 0 but do not put a sickle to your neighbor's ripe grain "but do not cut down your neighbor's ripe grain and take it with you"
DEU 23 25 q13q 0 sickle a sharp tool that farmers use to harvest wheat
DEU 24 intro l5h3 0 # Deuteronomy 24 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br>This chapter continues the teaching about how to maintain justice in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### "No man may take a mill or an upper millstone as a pledge"<br>A millstone was the way a person made a living. To take a person's millstone was to take take away the way they earned money and produced food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>#### Lending money<br>Lending money to fellow Israelites was a way to help them out. It was not intended to be a way to make money off their brothers. This chapter gives limitations regarding the lending of money.<br>
DEU 24 intro l5h3 0 # Deuteronomy 24 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br>This chapter continues the teaching about how to maintain justice in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### "No man may take a mill or an upper millstone as a pledge"<br>A millstone was the way a person made a living. To take a person's millstone was to take take away the way they earned money and produced food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>### Lending money<br>Lending money to fellow Israelites was a way to help them out. It was not intended to be a way to make money off their brothers. This chapter gives limitations regarding the lending of money.<br>
DEU 24 1 fn1d 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU 24 1 t3lr figs-doublet 0 When a man takes a wife and marries her The phrases "takes a wife" and "marries her" mean the same thing. Alternate translation: "When a man marries a woman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU 24 1 a5ki figs-synecdoche 0 if she finds no favor in his eyes Here the "eyes" represent the whole person. Alternate translation: "if he decides that he does not like her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
@ -1663,7 +1663,7 @@ DEU 24 21 qg17 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites a
DEU 24 21 h98g 0 What is left over will be for the foreigner, for the fatherless, and for the widow "The grapes that you do not pick will be for the foreigner, the fatherless, and the widow to pick"
DEU 24 21 qsd7 figs-genericnoun 0 for the foreigner, for the fatherless, and for the widow These refer to groups of people. Alternate translation: "for foreigners, for those who are fatherless, and for the widows" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
DEU 24 22 jte9 figs-idiom 0 call to mind This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "remember" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU 25 intro e9vi 0 # Deuteronomy 25 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues to teach about justice in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br><br>### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>#### "A perfect and just weight you must have"<br>In the ancient Near East, money was weighted on a scale. If a persons weight was off, they were robbing people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
DEU 25 intro e9vi 0 # Deuteronomy 25 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues to teach about justice in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### "A perfect and just weight you must have"<br>In the ancient Near East, money was weighted on a scale. If a persons weight was off, they were robbing people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
DEU 25 1 kk1l 0 General Information: Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU 25 2 m44y figs-activepassive 0 If the guilty man deserves to be beaten This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "If the judge orders them to beat the guilty man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU 25 2 b3ki figs-activepassive 0 be beaten in his presence This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "he will watch them beat him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -1715,7 +1715,7 @@ DEU 25 18 f2uv 0 all who were feeble in your rear "all the people who were wea
DEU 25 18 bv3r figs-doublet 0 faint and weary These words have similar meanings and emphasize how tired the people were. Alternate translation: "tired and exhausted" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU 25 18 ig25 figs-explicit 0 he did not honor God The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "he was not afraid of God's punishment" or "he did not respect God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU 25 19 gv8d 0 you must blot out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven "you must kill all of the Amalekites so that nobody will remember them anymore"
DEU 26 intro t97p 0 # Deuteronomy 26 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter recalls the great events of Israel's history when Yahweh brought them out of Egypt.<br>
DEU 26 intro t97p 0 # Deuteronomy 26 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter recalls the great events of Israel's history when Yahweh brought them out of Egypt.<br>
DEU 26 1 yl9f figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU 26 2 epa3 translate-ordinal 0 some of the first of all the harvest "some of the first fruits of the harvest" or "some of the first crops of the harvest." This "first" is the ordinal number for one. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
DEU 26 3 wq9z figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
@ -1760,7 +1760,7 @@ DEU 26 18 wri1 0 a people who are his own possession "a people who belong to h
DEU 26 19 q8jb figs-idiom 0 he will set you high above This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "he will make you more important than" or "he will make you greater than" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU 26 19 p58x 0 he will set you high above all the other nations that he has made, and you will receive praise, fame, and honor Possible meanings are 1) "he will cause you to become greater than any other nation that he has established, and he will enable you to praise him and honor him" or 2) "he will have people praise you more than they praise every other nation that he has made; people will say that you are better than any other nation, and they will honor you."
DEU 26 19 lg4i figs-metaphor 0 You will be a people that is set apart to Yahweh your God Yahweh choosing the people of Israel to belong to him in a special way is spoken of as if Yahweh set them apart from all other nations. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh your God will set you apart from other nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU 27 intro uy69 0 # Deuteronomy 27 General Notes<br>### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>#### "May the man be cursed"<br>This phrase is repeated several times in this chapter. This parallelism serves as a warning to the Israelites when they will live in the Promised Land. This is part of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br>
DEU 27 intro uy69 0 # Deuteronomy 27 General Notes<br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### "May the man be cursed"<br>This phrase is repeated several times in this chapter. This parallelism serves as a warning to the Israelites when they will live in the Promised Land. This is part of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br>
DEU 27 1 mu7e figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so except where noted, the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU 27 1 ya1q figs-you 0 command you today Moses is speaking to the Israelites as a group, so the word "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU 27 1 g7rq 0 I command Here "I" refers to Moses. The elders are there in agreement with Moses, but he is the only one speaking.
@ -1805,7 +1805,7 @@ DEU 27 24 q772 0 General Information: Moses continues telling the Levites and
DEU 27 24 n57s figs-activepassive 0 May the man be cursed This may be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:16](../27/16.md). Alternate translation: "May Yahweh curse the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU 27 26 mmv3 0 General Information: Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say.
DEU 27 26 z9xa figs-activepassive 0 May the man be cursed This may be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:16](../27/16.md). Alternate translation: "May Yahweh curse the man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU 28 intro f2wv 0 # Deuteronomy 28 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Blessings and warnings<br>This chapter explains some of the blessings and warnings associated with Israel's obedience to the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br>
DEU 28 intro f2wv 0 # Deuteronomy 28 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Blessings and warnings<br>This chapter explains some of the blessings and warnings associated with Israel's obedience to the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br>
DEU 28 1 cg2q figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU 28 1 f13g figs-metonymy 0 to the voice of Yahweh your God Here the metonym "voice of Yahweh" refers to what he says. Alternate translation: "to what Yahweh your God says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU 28 1 nmq7 0 so as to keep "and obey"
@ -1959,7 +1959,7 @@ DEU 28 67 bik8 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites a
DEU 28 67 wac6 figs-idiom 0 because of the fear in your hearts This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "because of the fear you are feeling" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU 28 67 u1ew figs-synecdoche 0 the things your eyes will have to see Here "eyes" refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: "the terrifying things I will force you to see" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU 28 68 et6c 0 I had said Here "I" refers to Yahweh.
DEU 29 intro if6j 0 # Deuteronomy 29 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is a retelling of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses, along with its blessings and cursing. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])<br>
DEU 29 intro if6j 0 # Deuteronomy 29 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is a retelling of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses, along with its blessings and cursing. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])<br>
DEU 29 1 nsu8 0 These are the words that Yahweh commanded Moses to tell This refers to words that Moses is about to speak.
DEU 29 1 b8p6 0 in the land of Moab This is on the east side of the Jordan where the Israelites were staying before they entered the land of Canaan. "while they were in the land of Moab"
DEU 29 1 b7xy 0 words that were added to the covenant ... at Horeb These additional commands were given to make Yahweh's covenant apply better to the people once they were settled in their new land. These new commands did not belong to a different covenant, but rather were additions to the original covenant.
@ -2016,7 +2016,7 @@ DEU 29 28 jz72 figs-doublet 0 in anger, in wrath, and in great fury The words "
DEU 29 29 d1e5 0 The secret matters belong alone to Yahweh our God "Some things Yahweh our God has not revealed, and only he knows them"
DEU 29 29 v7va figs-activepassive 0 that are revealed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "that he has revealed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU 29 29 ui8w 0 we may do all the words of this law "we may do everything that this law commands us to do"
DEU 30 intro yx9f 0 # Deuteronomy 30 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>Moses begins to give final instructions to Israel before his death in anticipation of their entrance into the Promised Land. There were warnings and blessings associated with the people's obedience to the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br>
DEU 30 intro yx9f 0 # Deuteronomy 30 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Moses begins to give final instructions to Israel before his death in anticipation of their entrance into the Promised Land. There were warnings and blessings associated with the people's obedience to the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br>
DEU 30 1 rkk4 figs-you 0 General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU 30 1 pfr8 figs-idiom 0 When all these things have come on you Here "these things" refer to the blessings and curses described in chapters 28-29. The phrase "have come on you" is an idiom that means to happen. Alternate translation: "When all these things happen to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU 30 1 k5mi figs-metaphor 0 that I have set before you This speaks of the blessings and curses that Moses told the people as if they were objects that he set in front of them. Alternate translation: "that I have just now told you about" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -2061,7 +2061,7 @@ DEU 30 20 k5mz figs-metonymy 0 obey his voice Here "voice" refers to what Yahwe
DEU 30 20 sbp2 0 to cling to him "to rely on him"
DEU 30 20 x4gp figs-doublet 0 For he is your life and the length of your days These phrases have the same meaning and are metonyms for Yahweh, emphasizing that he is the one who gives life and determines the length of people's lifetimes. Alternate translation: "Yahweh is the only one who can enable you to live a long life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU 30 20 qi8g figs-ellipsis 0 swore to your ancestors The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: "swore that he would give to your ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
DEU 31 intro pki9 0 # Deuteronomy 31 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Final instructions<br>In the Ancient Near East, it was common for an important leader to give instructions for his people to follow after his death. In this chapter, Moses begins his final words to the people of Israel. These are words that he wants them to remember long after he is gone. This section also helped to make a smooth transition to Joshua's leadership.<br>
DEU 31 intro pki9 0 # Deuteronomy 31 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Final instructions<br>In the Ancient Near East, it was common for an important leader to give instructions for his people to follow after his death. In this chapter, Moses begins his final words to the people of Israel. These are words that he wants them to remember long after he is gone. This section also helped to make a smooth transition to Joshua's leadership.<br>
DEU 31 2 mb3i translate-numbers 0 one hundred twenty years old "120 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU 31 2 bvw8 figs-merism 0 I can no more go out and come in Here the extremes "go out" and "come in" used together mean that Moses can no longer do what a healthy person can do. Alternate translation: "I am no longer able to go everywhere that you need to go, so I cannot be your leader any longer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
DEU 31 3 ep95 figs-you 0 your God ... before you ... before you ... you will dispossess ... before you Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
@ -2124,7 +2124,7 @@ DEU 31 29 i596 figs-synecdoche 0 through the work of your hands Here "your hand
DEU 31 30 upf2 figs-synecdoche 0 Moses recited in the ears of all the assembly of Israel Here "ears" refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: "Moses recited to all the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU 31 30 ilp6 0 recited Possible meanings are 1) "sang" or 2) "spoke."
DEU 31 30 wx6q figs-ellipsis 0 the words of this song You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: "the words of the song that Yahweh taught him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
DEU 32 intro pup6 0 # Deuteronomy 32 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 32:1-43.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Punishment<br>This chapter prophesies a time when Israel will be disobedient to Yahweh and he will have to punish them. This is meant to serve as a warning to the nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br>
DEU 32 intro pup6 0 # Deuteronomy 32 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 32:1-43.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Punishment<br>This chapter prophesies a time when Israel will be disobedient to Yahweh and he will have to punish them. This is meant to serve as a warning to the nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br>
DEU 32 1 bfi8 figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU 32 1 hf89 figs-apostrophe 0 Give ear, you heavens ... Let the earth listen Yahweh speaks to the heavens and earth as if they are there listening. Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh is speaking to the inhabitants of heaven and earth or 2) Yahweh is speaking to the heavens and earth as if they are persons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
DEU 32 2 zk7l figs-simile 0 Let my teaching drop down like the rain ... and like the showers on the plants This means Yahweh wants the people to eagerly accept his helpful teaching. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
@ -2281,7 +2281,7 @@ DEU 32 50 w499 figs-euphemism 0 be gathered to your people This is a polite way
DEU 32 50 gnq5 translate-names 0 Mount Hor This is the name of a mountain on the border of Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU 32 51 mwq1 translate-names 0 Meribah This is the name of the place in the desert where Moses disobeyed God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU 32 51 fv5z translate-names 0 wilderness of Zin This is the name of a wilderness on the southern border of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU 33 intro y2l8 0 # Deuteronomy 33 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic lines of Moses' blessings in 33:1-29.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Families<br>Moses gives a series of prophecies or instructions for each of the tribes of Israel and Israel overall. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br>
DEU 33 intro y2l8 0 # Deuteronomy 33 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic lines of Moses' blessings in 33:1-29.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Families<br>Moses gives a series of prophecies or instructions for each of the tribes of Israel and Israel overall. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br>
DEU 33 1 p6db figs-parallelism 0 General Information: Moses begins to bless the tribes of Israel. Moses speaks the blessing in the form of short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU 33 2 b26n figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh came from Sinai and rose from Seir upon them. He shined out from Mount Paran Moses compares Yahweh to the rising sun. Alternate translation: "When Yahweh came from Sinai, he looked to them like the sun when it rises from Seir and shines out from Mount Paran" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU 33 2 d9h2 0 upon them "upon the people of Israel"
@ -2387,7 +2387,7 @@ DEU 33 29 n3du figs-merism 0 the shield ... the sword This merism speaks of Yah
DEU 33 29 tm9a figs-metaphor 0 the shield of your help The word "shield" is a metaphor for Yahweh protecting and defending the Israelites. The abstract noun "help" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "the one who protects you and helps you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
DEU 33 29 cur3 figs-metaphor 0 the sword of your majesty The word "sword" is a metaphor for the power to kill with the sword in order to win battles. Alternate translation: "the one who enables you to win battles and so have majesty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU 33 29 ly3l 0 you will trample down their high places Possible meanings are 1) the Israelites will destroy the places where the other people worship false gods or 2) the Israelites will walk on the backs of their enemies when the Israelites defeat them.
DEU 34 intro kh67 0 # Deuteronomy 34 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter may have been written by Joshua, since it recorded Moses' death. This chapter officially ends the revelation of the law of Moses, and life in the Promised Land is about to begin again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br>
DEU 34 intro kh67 0 # Deuteronomy 34 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter may have been written by Joshua, since it recorded Moses' death. This chapter officially ends the revelation of the law of Moses, and life in the Promised Land is about to begin again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br>
DEU 34 1 ayb8 0 Mount Nebo This is the highest point of Mount Pisgah which is in the northern part of the Abarim mountain range. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:49](../32/49.md).
DEU 34 1 r9wl 0 Pisgah See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 3:17](../03/17.md).
DEU 34 3 h1nc translate-names 0 the City of Palms This is another name for Jericho. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

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Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
JOS front intro syt5 0 # Introduction to Joshua<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of Joshua<br><br>1. Conquest of the land of Canaan (1:1–12:24)<br>- Preparation for conquest; spies; crossing the Jordan River (1:1–5:1)<br>- Ceremonies at Gilgal; conquest of Jericho and Ai (5:2–8:29)<br>- The covenant affirmed at Shechem (8:30–35)<br>- Southern and central campaigns; northern campaigns (9:1–12:24)<br>1. Settlement in the Promised Land; division of the land (13:1–22:34)<br>1. Joshua's final days (23:1–24:33)<br><br>### What is the Book of Joshua about?<br><br>The Book of Joshua is about the Israelites entering and occupying the Promised Land. Joshua was the leader that replaced Moses. He led the Israelites as they fought the people living in the Promised Land. This book also tells how the Israelites divided the land among the twelve tribes. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>This book traditionally has the title "Joshua" because Joshua leads the people of Israel after Moses dies. Translators may create a title such as "The Book About When Joshua Led Israel." Translators should avoid a title that suggests Joshua as the writer of the book.<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Joshua?<br><br>The book does not tell who wrote it. However, some verses in the book indicate that Joshua may have written at least part of it. Since ancient times, Jews have thought that Joshua wrote most of the book.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### How does the Book of Joshua present the cause of historical events?<br><br>In the ancient Near East, people assumed that gods caused world events to happen in a certain way. The Book of Joshua has some similarities with this view, but there are important differences. The events in the Book of Joshua occurred because Yahweh promised the Israelites that he would give them the Promised Land. What happened also depended on whether or not the Israelites obeyed Yahweh.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### What does the phrase "to this day" mean?<br><br>This phrase was used by the writer to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that "to this day" refers to a time already passed. He must avoid giving the impression to readers that "to this day" means "to the present day." The translator might decide to say "to this day, at the time when this was being written," or "to this day, at the time of writing." This Hebrew phrase occurs in Joshua 4:9; 6:25; 7:26; 8:28, 29; 10:27; 13:13; 14:14; 15:63; 16:10.<br><br>### What does the phrase "all Israel" mean?<br><br>This phrase appears many times in the Book of Joshua, but it does not always mean every person in the nation of Israel. At times it means the Israelite army. At other times it means the representatives of the twelve tribes of Israel. In still other passages, it probably means a large number of the people in the nation of Israel.<br><br>### When should Joshua be translated?<br><br>The Book of Joshua should probably not be translated before Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. This is because the historical events of Joshua will not be understood without the information in these previous books.<br>
JOS 1 intro r7gc 0 # Joshua 01 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter appears to be a natural continuation of the book of Deuteronomy.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Be strong and Courageous<br><br>Joshua is often told, "Be strong and courageous." This repeated encouragement is on purpose and may indicate Joshua will need help in the future.<br>
JOS 1 intro r7gc 0 # Joshua 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter appears to be a natural continuation of the book of Deuteronomy.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Be strong and Courageous<br><br>Joshua is often told, "Be strong and courageous." This repeated encouragement is on purpose and may indicate Joshua will need help in the future.<br>
JOS 1 1 s8u5 0 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
JOS 1 1 eka2 translate-names 0 Nun Joshua's father (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 1 2 le23 figs-idiom 0 cross over this Jordan To "cross over" means "go to the opposite bank of the river." Alternate translation: "travel from this side to the opposite side of the Jordan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ JOS 1 16 c7t9 0 General Information: These Isrelites were specifically the Reu
JOS 1 18 rel4 figs-parallelism 0 rebels against your commands and disobeys your words These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that any form of disobedience will be punished. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS 1 18 lbc3 figs-activepassive 0 will be put to death This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "we will put to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 1 18 zez7 figs-parallelism 0 be strong and courageous Israel and God considered both traits important for Joshua to pursue as their leader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS 2 intro vg4m 0 # Joshua 02 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins the story of the conquest of the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Rahab's faith<br><br>Rahab expressed her faith in Yahweh. The statement "for Yahweh your God, he is God in heaven above and on the earth below" is a recognition of her faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])<br><br>### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>#### Metaphor<br><br>The Israelites were to completely destroy the evil Canaanites. They are compared to melting snow: "... melting away because of us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br>
JOS 2 intro vg4m 0 # Joshua 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins the story of the conquest of the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Rahab's faith<br><br>Rahab expressed her faith in Yahweh. The statement "for Yahweh your God, he is God in heaven above and on the earth below" is a recognition of her faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>The Israelites were to completely destroy the evil Canaanites. They are compared to melting snow: "... melting away because of us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br>
JOS 2 1 ig8n translate-names 0 Nun This is Joshua's father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 2 1 w886 translate-names 0 Shittim This is the name of a place on the east side of the Jordan River. It means "Acacia Trees." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 2 1 z78b 0 as spies These men were to visit the land to gain information on how Israel should conquer the land.
@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ JOS 2 23 i2bk translate-names 0 Nun This is a male name; the father of Joshua.
JOS 2 23 cv1w 0 everything that had happened to them "all that the men had experienced and seen."
JOS 2 24 rk66 0 us This word, "us," refers to Israel.
JOS 2 24 eh7s figs-metaphor 0 inhabitants of the land are melting away The people of the land toward Israel are like a substance that melts in the presence of heat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 3 intro qs85 0 # Joshua 03 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### God dries the Jordan River<br><br>Joshua told the people "Dedicate yourselves to Yahweh tomorrow, for Yahweh will do wonders among you." The conquest of the Promised Land is accomplished through the supernatural power of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br>
JOS 3 intro qs85 0 # Joshua 03 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God dries the Jordan River<br><br>Joshua told the people "Dedicate yourselves to Yahweh tomorrow, for Yahweh will do wonders among you." The conquest of the Promised Land is accomplished through the supernatural power of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br>
JOS 3 1 ct91 0 got up The phrase, "got up," means to "awaken."
JOS 3 1 y8kd 0 Shittim A place in the land of Moab, west of the Jordan River where the Israelites were camped before their entry into the promised land, Canaan.
JOS 3 2 wz25 0 officers These are people holding a position of command or authority.
@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ JOS 3 15 mu2b writing-background 0 now the Jordan overflows all its banks throu
JOS 3 17 dp93 0 General Information: The miraculous Jordan River crossing continues.
JOS 3 17 tg4f figs-explicit 0 the Jordan This refers to the Jordan River bed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 3 17 w7z6 figs-idiom 0 crossed over This phrase means to go to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: "traveled from this side to the opposite side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 4 intro eh7p 0 # Joshua 04 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### God's war<br>The conquering of the Promised Land was a special war. It was God's war against the people of Canaan and Joshua recognized that they would only be victorious through Yahweh's power. This is why their first act after crossing the Jordan River was to build an altar. This war was a witness to Yahweh's power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br>
JOS 4 intro eh7p 0 # Joshua 04 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God's war<br>The conquering of the Promised Land was a special war. It was God's war against the people of Canaan and Joshua recognized that they would only be victorious through Yahweh's power. This is why their first act after crossing the Jordan River was to build an altar. This war was a witness to Yahweh's power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br>
JOS 4 1 yem9 figs-pronouns 0 General Information: Though Yahweh was speaking directly to Joshua, all occurrences of you include Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
JOS 4 1 h2p6 figs-idiom 0 crossed over The words "crossed over" refer to going to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: "went across" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 4 1 lz4a figs-explicit 0 the Jordan the Jordan River (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ JOS 4 20 s8s2 figs-explicit 0 The twelve stones that they took out of the Jorda
JOS 4 22 lx8h 0 General Information: Joshua continues to remind the people the purpose of the pile of stones.
JOS 4 22 p6nk 0 Tell your children It was for Israel to teach their children of God's miracles so that they would honor Yahweh forever.
JOS 4 24 qe29 figs-metonymy 0 the hand of Yahweh is mighty This refers to the power of Yahweh being strong. Alternate translation: "Yahweh is mighty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 5 intro dv8f 0 # Joshua 05 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Circumcision<br><br>It would have been very unusual to be circumcised in a time of war. When men are circumcised they are unable to move without pain or to defend themselves in battle for several days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]])<br><br>#### Manna<br><br>Yahweh stops providing manna in this chapter and will no longer provide them with their daily allotment of food. This does not mean Yahweh's care and provision will stop.<br>
JOS 5 intro dv8f 0 # Joshua 05 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Circumcision<br><br>It would have been very unusual to be circumcised in a time of war. When men are circumcised they are unable to move without pain or to defend themselves in battle for several days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]])<br><br>### Manna<br><br>Yahweh stops providing manna in this chapter and will no longer provide them with their daily allotment of food. This does not mean Yahweh's care and provision will stop.<br>
JOS 5 1 el1p figs-parallelism 0 their hearts melted ... there was no longer any spirit in them These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of their fear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS 5 1 q8mi figs-metonymy 0 their hearts melted Here "hearts" refers to their courage. They were so afraid that it was as if their courage melted away like wax in a fire. Alternate translation: "they lost all their courage" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 5 1 a2wh figs-metonymy 0 there was no longer any spirit in them Here "spirit" refers to their will to fight. Alternate translation: "they no longer had any will to fight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ JOS 5 14 d8u1 0 He said The word "he" refers to the man Joshua saw.
JOS 5 14 ds5l 0 Neither This is the beginning of the man's answer to Joshua's question, "Are you for us or for our enemies?" This short answer could be clarified. Alternate translation: "I am neither for you nor for your enemies"
JOS 5 14 r42a translate-symaction 0 Joshua lay facedown on the ground to worship This was an act of worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JOS 5 15 ge5y translate-symaction 0 Take off your sandals from your feet This was an act of reverence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JOS 6 intro uie9 0 # Joshua 06 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Yahweh conquers<br><br>It was God, not the army, who gave them victory. It is said, "Shout! For Yahweh has given you the city." The circumstances of Israel's victory in the battle for Jericho were very unusual. It was never common to march around a city or to shout in order to win a military battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
JOS 6 intro uie9 0 # Joshua 06 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh conquers<br><br>It was God, not the army, who gave them victory. It is said, "Shout! For Yahweh has given you the city." The circumstances of Israel's victory in the battle for Jericho were very unusual. It was never common to march around a city or to shout in order to win a military battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
JOS 6 1 gbz8 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells us why the gates of Jericho are closed and locked up.
JOS 6 2 j65i figs-pastforfuture 0 I have delivered Jericho into your hand, its king, and its trained soldiers Yahweh is telling Joshua that he will certainly do this by saying that he has already done it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
JOS 6 2 v4hu figs-metonymy 0 into your hand The word "hand" is a metonym for the control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: "so that you can control it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ JOS 6 26 cq3c figs-metaphor 0 Cursed is the man in Yahweh's sight who rebuilds
JOS 6 26 len7 figs-metaphor 0 At the cost of his firstborn son, he will lay the foundation The consequence of a man laying a new foundation for Jericho is that his firstborn son would die. This is spoken of as if it were a cost that the man would pay. Alternate translation: "If he lays the foundation, he will lose his firstborn son" or "If he lays the foundation, his firstborn son will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 6 26 anp8 figs-metaphor 0 at the cost of his youngest son, he will set up its gates The consequence of a man setting up new gates for Jericho is that his youngest son would die. This is spoken of as if it were a cost that the man would pay. Alternate translation: "If he sets up its gates, he will lose his youngest son" or "If he sets up it gates, his youngest son will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 6 27 brx7 figs-metaphor 0 his fame spread throughout the land This refers to Joshua's fame, not Yahweh's. Becoming known among the people throughout the land is spoken of as if his fame spread. Alternate translation: "Joshua became famous throughout the land" or "people throughout the land learned about Joshua" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 7 intro uv41 0 # Joshua 07 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Sin brought defeat<br><br>It was great sin to take what was to be destroyed. Because of their sin, Yahweh withheld victory from the Israelites. Sin resulted in defeat in battle. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
JOS 7 intro uv41 0 # Joshua 07 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sin brought defeat<br><br>It was great sin to take what was to be destroyed. Because of their sin, Yahweh withheld victory from the Israelites. Sin resulted in defeat in battle. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
JOS 7 1 mtm4 0 the things that were set apart for destruction "the things that God had said they must set apart to him by destroying them"
JOS 7 1 z3zl translate-names 0 Achan ... Karmi ... Zabdi ... Zerah These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 7 1 li2v figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh's anger burned "anger" and "burned" indicates intensity, not that fire is present. Alternate translation: "Yahweh's anger burned like a fire" or "Yahweh was very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ JOS 7 25 vd6n figs-rquestion 0 Why have you troubled us? Joshua uses this quest
JOS 7 25 i3rq 0 Then they stoned the rest with stones and burned them with fire. Possible meanings are 1) the Israelites burned Achan's family to death and then covered them with stones or 2) the Israelites stoned Achan's family to death and then burned the dead bodies or 3) that Achan and his possessions were stoned and then burned.
JOS 7 26 zcp9 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh turned away his burning anger Turning away his anger represents stopping being angry. Burning anger represents strong anger. Alternate translation: "Yahweh stopped being angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 7 26 hfq5 0 until this present day It was still called the valley of Achor at the time the author wrote this. Alternate translation: "even today" or "even now"
JOS 8 intro f3jc 0 # Joshua 08 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Sin brought defeat<br>It was great sin to take what was to be destroyed. Because of their sin, Yahweh withheld victory from the Israelites. Sin resulted in defeat in battle. Because they repented, Yahweh brought victory to Israel in Ai. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])<br><br>#### Built an altar<br>Altars were commonly built in the Ancient Near East to commemorate important events. Several altars were built in the Book of Joshua.<br>
JOS 8 intro f3jc 0 # Joshua 08 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sin brought defeat<br>It was great sin to take what was to be destroyed. Because of their sin, Yahweh withheld victory from the Israelites. Sin resulted in defeat in battle. Because they repented, Yahweh brought victory to Israel in Ai. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])<br><br>### Built an altar<br>Altars were commonly built in the Ancient Near East to commemorate important events. Several altars were built in the Book of Joshua.<br>
JOS 8 1 l4p8 figs-parallelism 0 Do not fear; do not be discouraged These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh combines them to emphasize that there is no reason to be afraid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS 8 1 den6 figs-metonymy 0 I have given into your hand the king of Ai ... and his land Giving them into Israel's hand represents giving Israel victory and control over them. Alternate translation: "I have given you victory over the king of Ai and his people, and I have given you control over his city and his land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 8 1 t7bq figs-pastforfuture 0 I have given God speaks of what he promises to do as though he had already done it, because he will certainly do it. Alternate translation: "I will certainly give" or "I am giving" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ JOS 8 29 wd9u 0 to this day "today" or "even now"
JOS 8 30 xev4 translate-names 0 Mount Ebal a mountain in Canaan (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 8 35 ym6u figs-doublenegatives 0 There was not one word from all that Moses commanded that Joshua did not read This can be expressed positively. Alternate translation: "Joshua read every word of all that Moses commanded" or "Joshua read the entire law of Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JOS 8 35 kdu7 figs-metonymy 0 Israel This refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 9 intro w1cx 0 # Joshua 09 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Israel's mistake<br><br>Israel was deceived because "they did not consult with Yahweh for guidance." Instead of consulting Yahweh, they attempted to achieve victory under their own power. This was sinful. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
JOS 9 intro w1cx 0 # Joshua 09 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Israel's mistake<br><br>Israel was deceived because "they did not consult with Yahweh for guidance." Instead of consulting Yahweh, they attempted to achieve victory under their own power. This was sinful. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
JOS 9 1 g4h4 translate-names 0 the Jordan a shortened name for the Jordan River (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 9 2 uj94 figs-metonymy 0 under one command Here "command" represents the one who commanded them. Being under him represents obeying his commands. Alternate translation: "obeying the commands of one leader" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 9 4 r5yb 0 cunning plan a crafty scheme intended to trick Joshua and the Israelites
@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ JOS 9 23 zlp7 figs-metonymy 0 house of my God Here this phrase refers to the dw
JOS 9 25 a5un figs-doublet 0 Whatever seems good and right The words "good" and "right" mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: "Whatever seems fair and just" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOS 9 26 gy9c 0 for them The word "them" here refers to the Gibeonites.
JOS 9 27 p81s 0 to this day "even up to now." This means that the people had continued to do these things even up to the day that the writer was living.
JOS 10 intro uy1f 0 # Joshua 10 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines in 10:12-13 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are a poem.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### "For Yahweh was waging war on behalf of Israel"<br>Israel's conquest of the Promised Land was Yahweh's war on the ungodly Canaanites more than Israel's war. This type of war was different from other wars and God gave Israel special instructions. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])<br><br>### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>#### Idiom<br><br>The people of Gibeon used an idiom when they called for help from Israel: "Do not withdraw your hands," meaning "do not stop protecting." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])<br>
JOS 10 intro uy1f 0 # Joshua 10 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines in 10:12-13 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are a poem.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### "For Yahweh was waging war on behalf of Israel"<br>Israel's conquest of the Promised Land was Yahweh's war on the ungodly Canaanites more than Israel's war. This type of war was different from other wars and God gave Israel special instructions. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Idiom<br><br>The people of Gibeon used an idiom when they called for help from Israel: "Do not withdraw your hands," meaning "do not stop protecting." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])<br>
JOS 10 1 au8p 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the writer tells about a new person in the story, Adoni-Zedek.
JOS 10 1 y65k translate-names 0 Adoni-Zedek This is the name of a man who is an important king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 3 y6ss translate-names 0 Jarmuth ... Lachish ... Eglon These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ JOS 10 40 u843 figs-parallelism 0 Of all their kings he left not one survivor.
JOS 10 42 qy8i 0 Joshua captured all these kings and their land This refers to the kings and lands that were listed beginning in [Joshua 10:28](../10/28.md).
JOS 10 42 rbp2 figs-synecdoche 0 Joshua captured Here Joshua represents his whole army. Alternate translation: "Joshua and his soldiers captured" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOS 10 42 f9tx 0 at one time This does not mean in one day. It means during one military campaign, which may have lasted many days or weeks.
JOS 11 intro g8mw 0 # Joshua 11 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Yahweh overcomes the united forces of the northern kingdoms<br><br>Yahweh said to Joshua, "Do not be afraid in their presence, because tomorrow at this time I am giving them all to Israel as dead men." Even when the kingdoms of Canaan joined forces, they were not able to overcome the power of Yahweh.<br><br>### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br>#### "Yahweh gave the enemy into the hand of Israel"<br>This phrase may present difficulties in translation. The translator should ensure that Yahweh receives credit for Israel's victory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])<br>
JOS 11 intro g8mw 0 # Joshua 11 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh overcomes the united forces of the northern kingdoms<br><br>Yahweh said to Joshua, "Do not be afraid in their presence, because tomorrow at this time I am giving them all to Israel as dead men." Even when the kingdoms of Canaan joined forces, they were not able to overcome the power of Yahweh.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br>### "Yahweh gave the enemy into the hand of Israel"<br>This phrase may present difficulties in translation. The translator should ensure that Yahweh receives credit for Israel's victory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])<br>
JOS 11 1 a1ca translate-names 0 Jabin ... Jobab These are names of kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 11 1 zi5u translate-names 0 Hazor ... Madon ... Shimron ... Akshaph These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 11 2 gz61 translate-names 0 Kinnereth ... Naphoth Dor These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ JOS 11 21 im1q translate-names 0 Anakim These are the descendants of Anak. (See
JOS 11 21 p6cd translate-names 0 Debir ... Anab These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 11 23 qe5v figs-metaphor 0 Joshua gave it as an inheritance to Israel Joshua giving the land to the Israelites is spoken of as if he had given the Israelites an inheritance as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: "Joshua gave the land to the Israelites as a permanent possession" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 11 23 x695 figs-personification 0 the land had rest from the wars The people no longer fighting wars is spoken of as if the land were a person who rested from war. Alternate translation: "the people no longer fought wars in the land" or "there was peace in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 12 intro ga6k 0 # Joshua 12 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines in 12:2-5 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are part of a long list.<br>
JOS 12 intro ga6k 0 # Joshua 12 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines in 12:2-5 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are part of a long list.<br>
JOS 12 1 e45x writing-background 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the writer begins to provide background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JOS 12 1 fe2c 0 these are the kings This refers to the list of kings that continues through verse 24.
JOS 12 1 g8ju translate-names 0 the Arabah These are the names of a region of land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ JOS 12 22 z2b9 translate-names 0 Kedesh ... Jokneam These are the names of citi
JOS 12 23 a6eq translate-names 0 Dor ... Naphoth Dor ... Goyim These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 24 kv8w translate-names 0 Tirzah This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 24 aeg5 translate-numbers 0 thirty-one in all "31 in all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 13 intro zl7s 0 # Joshua 13 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a section about dividing the land between the tribes of Israel.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Division of the land<br><br>There was still much land to be captured west of the Jordan River, but the tribe of Reuben, Gad and half of the tribe of Mannasah received their land east of the Jordan. This land had been promised to them in Numbers 32.<br><br>#### Driving out the people<br><br>While Yahweh achieved many great victories through Joshua, Israel was still supposed to drive out the rest of the Canaanites. Israel's success in this would depend on their faith in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br>
JOS 13 intro zl7s 0 # Joshua 13 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a section about dividing the land between the tribes of Israel.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Division of the land<br><br>There was still much land to be captured west of the Jordan River, but the tribe of Reuben, Gad and half of the tribe of Mannasah received their land east of the Jordan. This land had been promised to them in Numbers 32.<br><br>### Driving out the people<br><br>While Yahweh achieved many great victories through Joshua, Israel was still supposed to drive out the rest of the Canaanites. Israel's success in this would depend on their faith in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br>
JOS 13 2 s51z figs-explicit 0 This is the land that still remains You may clarify that this is the land that Israel still needs to capture. Alternate translation: "This is the land that still remains for Israel to capture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 13 3 q1nv translate-names 0 Shihor This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 3 a3iw figs-activepassive 0 which is considered property of the Canaanites This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "which the Canaanites now consider their property" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ JOS 13 31 zde9 figs-activepassive 0 These were assigned This can be stated in a
JOS 13 31 g5si translate-names 0 Machir This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 32 hh57 figs-metaphor 0 This is the inheritance that Moses assigned to them The land that Moses assigned to the tribes of Israel on the east side of the Jordan is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that Moses gave to them as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: "This is the land that Moses assigned to them as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 13 33 ce57 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh, the God of Israel, is their inheritance The writer speaks of the great honor that the Levites had by serving Yahweh as priests as if Yahweh were something that they would inherit. Alternate translation: "Yahweh, the God of Israel, is what they have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 14 intro dsn7 0 # Joshua 14 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Drive them out<br>The Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
JOS 14 intro dsn7 0 # Joshua 14 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Drive them out<br>The Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
JOS 14 1 u4tc figs-metaphor 0 the areas of land that the people of Israel received as their inheritance The land that the people of Israel acquired is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 14 1 ql64 0 tribal leaders "leaders of the tribes"
JOS 14 2 f1ux figs-activepassive 0 Their inheritance was selected by lot This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Eleazar, Joshua, and the tribal leaders cast lots to determine the inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ JOS 14 14 gji6 0 to this day This refers to the period of time in which the au
JOS 14 14 zii3 figs-metaphor 0 he completely followed Yahweh Being loyal to Yahweh is spoken of as if it were completely following Yahweh. Alternate translation: "he remained loyal to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 14 15 hyh6 translate-names 0 Kiriath Arba This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 14 15 wv1z figs-personification 0 Then the land had rest from war The people no longer fighting wars is spoken of as if the land were a person who rested from war. See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 11:23](../11/23.md). Alternate translation: "Then the people no longer fought wars in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 15 intro ght5 0 # Joshua 15 General Notes<br>### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Judah. It will be difficult to fully understand their location without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the location of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
JOS 15 intro ght5 0 # Joshua 15 General Notes<br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Judah. It will be difficult to fully understand their location without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the location of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
JOS 15 1 ex51 translate-names 0 Zin This is the name of the wilderness area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 2 k5za 0 from the end of the Salt Sea, from the bay that faces to the south "from the bay that faces south at the end of the Salt Sea." These two phrases refer to the same location. The second phrase clarifies the point at which the southern border begins.
JOS 15 2 j6xn 0 from the bay that faces to the south "from the bay that extends to the south" or "from the southern bay"
@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ JOS 15 55 x6gv translate-names 0 The writer lists cities of which Judah took p
JOS 15 58 vub1 translate-names 0 The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 60 ts23 translate-names 0 The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 63 j68z 0 to this day This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book.
JOS 16 intro bpv3 0 # Joshua 16 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Drive them out<br>The Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Ephraim, one of Joseph's sons. It will be difficult to fully understand their location without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the location of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
JOS 16 intro bpv3 0 # Joshua 16 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Drive them out<br>The Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Ephraim, one of Joseph's sons. It will be difficult to fully understand their location without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the location of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
JOS 16 1 b1k9 figs-explicit 0 the tribe of Joseph The "tribe of Joseph" consisted of the tribes of Joseph's two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim. Since half of the tribe of Manasseh had settled east of the Jordan, this phrase refers to the tribe of Ephraim and the other half of the tribe of Manasseh. Alternate translation: "the tribe of Ephraim and the other half of the tribe of Manasseh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 16 2 g9td translate-names 0 Luz ... Ataroth These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 16 2 zs9f translate-names 0 Arkites This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -581,7 +581,7 @@ JOS 16 9 y6xs figs-activepassive 0 the cities that were chosen This can be stat
JOS 16 9 f1yc figs-metaphor 0 within the inheritance of the tribe of Manasseh The land that the tribe of Manasseh possessed is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: "within the land that the tribe of Manasseh had received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 16 10 au8e 0 to this day This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book.
JOS 16 10 fth4 figs-activepassive 0 these people were made to do forced labor This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the Israelites forced these people to work as slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 17 intro m3nk 0 # Joshua 17 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Manasseh's lack of faith<br>Even though they were one of the largest and most powerful tribes of Israel, the tribe of Manasseh lacked faith in the power of Yahweh. This caused them many problems. It would also cause their descendants many problems. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Manasseh, one of Joseph's sons. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
JOS 17 intro m3nk 0 # Joshua 17 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Manasseh's lack of faith<br>Even though they were one of the largest and most powerful tribes of Israel, the tribe of Manasseh lacked faith in the power of Yahweh. This caused them many problems. It would also cause their descendants many problems. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Manasseh, one of Joseph's sons. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
JOS 17 1 x1fd figs-rpronouns 0 firstborn and who himself was Here "himself" emphasizes that the same person—Makir—was the firstborn of Manasseh and was also the father of Gilead. Alternate translation: "firstborn; he was also" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JOS 17 1 j2sj translate-names 0 Makir These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 17 1 zuz5 figs-activepassive 0 Makir's descendants were assigned the land of Gilead and Bashan This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Joshua assigned the land of Gilead and Bashan to Makir's descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -614,7 +614,7 @@ JOS 17 15 psc4 translate-names 0 Rephaim This is the name of a people group. (S
JOS 17 16 g788 translate-names 0 Beth Shan ... Jezreel These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 17 17 wa3y figs-metonymy 0 the house of Joseph Here the word "house" refers to the descendants. Alternate translation: "the descendants of Joseph" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 17 18 w4m4 0 you will clear it "you will clear the forest of trees" or "you will cut down its trees"
JOS 18 intro j38i 0 # Joshua 18 General Notes<br>### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribes of Israel. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
JOS 18 intro j38i 0 # Joshua 18 General Notes<br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribes of Israel. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
JOS 18 1 fkg2 figs-events 0 and they conquered the land They had conquered the people who lived in the land before they set up the tent of meeting. Alternate translation: "after they had conquered the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
JOS 18 2 ynk6 figs-metaphor 0 whose inheritance had not been assigned The land that the tribes would receive is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they would receive as a permanent possession. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "to whom Joshua had not assigned land as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 18 3 bia9 figs-rquestion 0 How long will you put off ... has given you? Joshua asks this question in order to encourage the Israelites to take possession of the land. Alternate translation: "For long enough, you have put off ... has given you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -653,7 +653,7 @@ JOS 18 21 i6af translate-names 0 General Information: The writer lists the citi
JOS 18 24 jsu9 0 their villages "the villages around them"
JOS 18 25 nk7k translate-names 0 General Information: The writer continues to list the cities that were in the land that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 18 28 t3aa figs-metaphor 0 This was the inheritance of Benjamin The land and cities that the tribe of Benjamin received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: "This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 19 intro j62l 0 # Joshua 19 General Notes<br>### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribes of Israel. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
JOS 19 intro j62l 0 # Joshua 19 General Notes<br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribes of Israel. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
JOS 19 1 s149 0 The second casting of lots fell to Simeon "The second time Joshua cast lots, the lot indicated the tribe of Simeon"
JOS 19 1 gl7x translate-ordinal 0 The second number two in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JOS 19 1 z9r9 0 clan by clan "and Joshua assigned the land to each of their clans"
@ -720,7 +720,7 @@ JOS 19 48 cx9h figs-metaphor 0 This was the inheritance of the tribe of Dan The
JOS 19 49 jzi6 figs-metaphor 0 gave an inheritance among themselves to Joshua son of Nun The city that Joshua received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that he received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: "gave a city within their own land as an inheritance to Joshua son of Nun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 19 50 ac8r translate-names 0 Timnath Serah This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 51 cs47 figs-metaphor 0 These are the inheritances ... assigned The land and cities that the various tribes received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: "These are the portions of land and the cities ... assigned as inheritances" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 20 intro vg5f 0 # Joshua 20 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Cities of Refuge<br><br>If a person was killed, it was the duty of his relatives to kill the killer. If the death was an accident, this would be unfair. Therefore, God told the Israelites to make cities of refuge for a person who killed someone accidentally. In the city where he sought refuge, his case would be solved legally: "Do this so that one who unintentionally kills a person can go there. These cities will be a place of refuge from anyone who seeks to avenge the blood of a person who was killed." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/refuge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]])<br>
JOS 20 intro vg5f 0 # Joshua 20 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Cities of Refuge<br><br>If a person was killed, it was the duty of his relatives to kill the killer. If the death was an accident, this would be unfair. Therefore, God told the Israelites to make cities of refuge for a person who killed someone accidentally. In the city where he sought refuge, his case would be solved legally: "Do this so that one who unintentionally kills a person can go there. These cities will be a place of refuge from anyone who seeks to avenge the blood of a person who was killed." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/refuge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]])<br>
JOS 20 2 qhs6 figs-metonymy 0 by the hand of Moses Here "hand of Moses" refers to the scriptures that Moses wrote down. Alternate translation: "through the things that Moses wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 20 3 a1vg 0 unintentionally kills This happens when a person accidentally kills another person, without intending to do so.
JOS 20 3 h73b figs-metonymy 0 avenge the blood of a person who was killed Here the shed blood of a person represents their death. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "avenge a person's death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ JOS 20 7 lyr5 translate-names 0 General Information: There are a lot of names i
JOS 20 8 cy8e 0 the Jordan This is a short name for the Jordan River.
JOS 20 9 b89x figs-idiom 0 would not die by the hand of the one Here "by the hand" is an idiom that means to be the specific cause of something. Alternate translation: "would not be killed by the one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 20 9 j61z figs-metonymy 0 avenge the blood that was shed This can be stated in active form. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Joshua 20:3](../20/03.md). Alternate translation: "avenge a person's death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 21 intro pp5c 0 # Joshua 21 General Notes<br>### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Levi. Even though they did not receive a large piece of land like the other tribes, they did receive small pieces of land to live on and for their animals. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
JOS 21 intro pp5c 0 # Joshua 21 General Notes<br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Levi. Even though they did not receive a large piece of land like the other tribes, they did receive small pieces of land to live on and for their animals. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
JOS 21 1 js4y translate-names 0 Eleazar ... Nun These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 2 wk1t 0 They said to them "The Levites said to them"
JOS 21 2 wk1m figs-idiom 0 Yahweh commanded you by the hand of Moses The phrase "by the hand of" is an idiom that means that Yahweh used Moses to deliver his command. Alternate translation: "Yahweh told Moses to command you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -813,7 +813,7 @@ JOS 21 43 q5na 0 he swore "he gave an oath"
JOS 21 44 t1a4 figs-litotes 0 Not one of their enemies could defeat them This is stated in a negative way to strengthen the statement. Alternate translation: "They defeated every one of their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JOS 21 44 lg6d figs-metonymy 0 gave all their enemies into their hand Here "into their hand" means "into their power." Alternate translation: "gave them power to defeat all their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 21 45 u1ik figs-litotes 0 Not one thing among all the good promises that Yahweh had spoken to the house of Israel failed to come true This is stated in a negative way to strengthen the statement. Alternate translation: "Every one of the good promises that Yahweh had spoken to the house of Israel came true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JOS 22 intro l4hr 0 # Joshua 22 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>The division of the land is completed in this chapter. Additionally, the soldiers who received land on the east side of the Jordan River were released to go home.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### The tribes east of the Jordan River build a monument<br><br>The tribes east of the Jordan River said, "Let us now build an altar, not for burnt offerings nor for any sacrifices, but to be a witness between us and you, and between our generations after us, that we will perform the service of Yahweh before him, with our burnt offerings and with our sacrifices and with our peace offerings, so that your children will never say to our children in time to come, 'You have no share in Yahweh.'" They went home even though the Israelites had not fully conquered the land.<br>
JOS 22 intro l4hr 0 # Joshua 22 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The division of the land is completed in this chapter. Additionally, the soldiers who received land on the east side of the Jordan River were released to go home.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The tribes east of the Jordan River build a monument<br><br>The tribes east of the Jordan River said, "Let us now build an altar, not for burnt offerings nor for any sacrifices, but to be a witness between us and you, and between our generations after us, that we will perform the service of Yahweh before him, with our burnt offerings and with our sacrifices and with our peace offerings, so that your children will never say to our children in time to come, 'You have no share in Yahweh.'" They went home even though the Israelites had not fully conquered the land.<br>
JOS 22 1 ic3e translate-names 0 Reubenites people of the tribe of Reuben (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 22 1 w3xd translate-names 0 Gadites people of the tribe of Gad (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 22 2 x8l8 figs-metonymy 0 obeyed my voice Here "my voice" refers to the things that Joshua had said. Alternate translation: "obeyed everything I said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -861,7 +861,7 @@ JOS 22 33 pn48 figs-idiom 0 Their report was good in the eyes of the people Her
JOS 22 33 h5hk 0 destroy the land "destroy everything in the land"
JOS 22 34 l8f9 0 for they said This refers to the Reubenites and Gadites.
JOS 22 34 xf56 figs-metaphor 0 It is a witness between us The altar is spoken of as if it were a witness that could testify for the three tribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 23 intro v3r6 0 # Joshua 23 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Joshua's final words to Israel (Joshua 23-24)<br><br>"Do not marry with the heathen people but drive them out." ##### Drive them out<br>The Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land because if the Israelites married the Canaanites, the Canaanites would cause them to worship other gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
JOS 23 intro v3r6 0 # Joshua 23 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Joshua's final words to Israel (Joshua 23-24)<br><br>"Do not marry with the heathen people but drive them out." ##### Drive them out<br>The Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land because if the Israelites married the Canaanites, the Canaanites would cause them to worship other gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
JOS 23 2 vyz9 figs-doublet 0 old and well advanced in years This doublet can be translated as "very old." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOS 23 4 t22f 0 the Jordan This is a short name for the Jordan River.
JOS 23 4 bf99 0 in the west This indicates the direction of the setting sun.
@ -883,7 +883,7 @@ JOS 23 14 vtt2 figs-doublenegatives 0 not one word has failed to come true Thes
JOS 23 16 bqx7 0 He will do this This refers to the punishment threatened in the previous verse.
JOS 23 16 xwa3 figs-parallelism 0 worship other gods and bow down to them These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second describes how the people "worship other gods." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS 23 16 wz7d figs-metaphor 0 the anger of Yahweh will be kindled against you "Kindled" here is a metaphor for the beginning of Yahweh's anger, like a fire is "kindled" or started with "kindling" or very easy to start burning like dried grass or small twigs. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will begin to be angry with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 24 intro yqa8 0 # Joshua 24 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Joshua's instructions<br>In this chapter, Joshua gives the leaders and people instructions in preparation for his death. It was common in the Ancient Near East for important leaders to do this. Unfortunately, the people of Israel did not listen to Joshua's instructions.<br>
JOS 24 intro yqa8 0 # Joshua 24 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Joshua's instructions<br>In this chapter, Joshua gives the leaders and people instructions in preparation for his death. It was common in the Ancient Near East for important leaders to do this. Unfortunately, the people of Israel did not listen to Joshua's instructions.<br>
JOS 24 1 e4nq figs-metaphor 0 Joshua gathered all the tribes of Israel Joshua's summons to the tribes is spoken of as if he gathered them together in a basket. Alternate translation: "Joshua asked all the tribes of Israel to meet with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 24 1 c7pt 0 presented themselves before "came and stood in front of" or "came before"
JOS 24 2 tn5x 0 long ago "many years ago"

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Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
JDG front intro v8pn 0 # Introduction to Judges<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of Judges<br><br>1. History of the judges of Israel (1:1–16:31)<br>- Introduction (1:1-3:6)<br>- Othniel, Ehud, and Shamgar (3:7–31)<br>- Deborah and Barak (4:1–5:31)<br>- Gideon (6:1–8:35)<br>- Abimelech, Tola, and Jair (9:1–10:5)<br>- Jephthah (10:6-12:7)<br>- Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon (12:8-15)<br>- Samson (13:1–16:31)<br>1. The account of Micah and his idols (17:1–18:31)<br>1. The account of Gibeah; the other Israelites take revenge (19:1–21:25)<br><br>### What is the Book of Judges about?<br><br>The Book of Judges tells of events that occurred after the Israelites settled in the Promised Land. The events in this book happened over a period of about 150 years.<br><br>This book describes how the Israelites repeatedly sinned against Yahweh during this time. They worshiped false gods and did the same wicked things as the peoples who lived around them. Therefore, God would allow enemies to defeat and oppress the Israelites. Eventually, the Israelites would call to Yahweh for help. Yahweh would then cause someone to help the Israelites defeat their enemies. This person was called a "judge." The Israelites would live in peace until the judge died.<br><br>After that judge died, the Israelites would start sinning again. So this pattern of events would repeat.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>This book traditionally has the title "Judges" because it gives accounts of some of the main leaders or judges in Israel before there were any kings over the people. Unless there are good reasons for following the title in other Bible versions, the translator should probably use the title "Judges" or a title such as "The Book about the Leaders in Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What kind of leaders were the judges?<br><br>These were men and women whom God chose to help the Israelites defeat their enemies. After defeating their enemies, these leaders usually continued to help the people by deciding disputes among them. They also helped them make important decisions. Many of these leaders served all the people of Israel, but some of these leaders may have served only certain tribes.<br><br>### What kind of society was Israel during the time of the judges?<br><br>During this time, the twelve tribes of Israel were independent of one another. They were not a unified nation with one ruler. The tribes would sometimes help each other when enemies were threatening them.<br><br>These tribes were descended from the same ancestors: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. They shared in the same covenant with Yahweh.<br><br>### What spiritual struggles did Israel experience during the time of the judges?<br><br>During this time, Israel struggled to remain faithful to Yahweh. The best judges encouraged Israel to be faithful to him, but some of the judges failed to do so. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### What is the meaning of the phrase "in those days there was no king in Israel, and everyone did what was right in his own eyes"?<br><br>This phrase occurs twice in the book of Judges. Shorter versions of the phrase occur two other times. These phrases imply that the writer or editor of this book was alive at a later time when there was a king in Israel. They also seem to imply that the writer thought that things were not good in Israel because there was no king.<br><br>The translation of these phrases should imply to the reader that the book's writer is looking back into the past.<br><br>### What is the meaning of the phrase "to this day"?<br><br>The narrator used this phrase to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that "to this day" refers to a time already passed. The translator must avoid giving the impression that the present day of the translation's readers is meant. The translator might decide to say, "to this day, at the time when this is being written," or, "to this day, at the time of writing." This Hebrew phrase occurs in Judges 1:21, 26; 6:24; 10:4; 15:19; 18:12.<br>
JDG 1 intro a4am 0 # Judges 01 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br>#### "After the death of Joshua"<br>This statement creates a seamless transition from the book of Joshua.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Finishing the conquest of the Promised Land<br><br>Israel fought to clear the land of the Canaanites, but they also made treaties with other peoples and made some of them do hard labor. This was against God's instruction to completely remove the Canaanite people from the land.<br>
JDG 1 intro a4am 0 # Judges 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br>### "After the death of Joshua"<br>This statement creates a seamless transition from the book of Joshua.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Finishing the conquest of the Promised Land<br><br>Israel fought to clear the land of the Canaanites, but they also made treaties with other peoples and made some of them do hard labor. This was against God's instruction to completely remove the Canaanite people from the land.<br>
JDG 1 1 r9ee 0 Connecting Statement: The book of Judges continues the story about Joshua and is also the beginning of a new part of the story.
JDG 1 1 b9my 0 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
JDG 1 1 c92j figs-exclusive 0 will attack the Canaanites for us The word "us" refers to the people of Israel, but not to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ JDG 1 35 x276 0 the military might of the house of Joseph conquered them "the
JDG 1 35 uvw1 figs-metonymy 0 house of Joseph Here "house" represents descendants. Manasseh and Ephraim were sons of Joseph, and the "house of Joseph" can refer to the descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim. Alternate translation: "the descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim" or "the men of the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 1 36 g7nx translate-names 0 the hill of Akrabbim This was a pass southwest of the Dead Sea. It is also called the "Scorpion Pass." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 1 36 qr2w translate-names 0 Sela This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 2 intro mf6a 0 # Judges 02 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Yahweh tests Israel<br><br>Yahweh said, "Because this nation has broken the terms of my covenant." Completely removing the Canaanites from the land was a test from Yahweh. While Yahweh displayed covenant faithfulness, Israel did not. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/test]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]])<br>
JDG 2 intro mf6a 0 # Judges 02 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh tests Israel<br><br>Yahweh said, "Because this nation has broken the terms of my covenant." Completely removing the Canaanites from the land was a test from Yahweh. While Yahweh displayed covenant faithfulness, Israel did not. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/test]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]])<br>
JDG 2 1 tt9y 0 angel of Yahweh Possible meaning are 1) "angel who represents Yahweh" or 2) "messenger who serves Yahweh" or 3) it may refer to Yahweh himself, who looked like an angel as he talked to a person. Either one of these meanings would explain the angel's use of "I" as if Yahweh himself were talking.
JDG 2 1 q2ka 0 went up from Gilgal to Bokim "left Gilgal and went to Bokim"
JDG 2 1 x66i translate-names 0 Bokim This is what the Israelites named this place in 2:5 after the angel rebukes the people. "Bokim" means "crying." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ JDG 2 21 ry6q figs-metonymy 0 any of the nations Here "nations" represents the
JDG 2 22 n194 figs-metaphor 0 they will keep the way of Yahweh and walk in it How Yahweh wants people to live or behave is spoken of as if it were a way or road. A person obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if they were walking in his way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 2 23 tn49 figs-doublet 0 did not drive them out quickly and give them into the hand of Joshua These two phrases mean the same thing and can be combined. Alternate translation: "he did not let Joshua quickly conquer them and drive them out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JDG 2 23 b618 figs-metonymy 0 into the hand of Joshua Here "hand" is a metonym for power, and "Joshua" represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: "into the power of Joshua and his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 3 intro k35h 0 # Judges 03 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### The people worship false gods<br><br>Israel worshiped idols and false gods. Because of this, Yahweh allowed Aram and Moab to rule over them. In the period of Judges, when Israel sinned, they were often placed under the rule of a foreign power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>#### "Blew a trumpet"<br><br>When Ehud "blew a trumpet," he was calling all of the men to come help him fight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
JDG 3 intro k35h 0 # Judges 03 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The people worship false gods<br><br>Israel worshiped idols and false gods. Because of this, Yahweh allowed Aram and Moab to rule over them. In the period of Judges, when Israel sinned, they were often placed under the rule of a foreign power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### "Blew a trumpet"<br><br>When Ehud "blew a trumpet," he was calling all of the men to come help him fight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
JDG 3 1 w2is 0 Now Yahweh Here "Now" begins a new section of the story.
JDG 3 1 hp8z 0 these nations This refers to the people groups that the narrator will list in 3:3.
JDG 3 1 xj63 figs-activepassive 0 who had not experienced any of the wars fought in Canaan This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "who had not fought in any of the wars in Canaan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ JDG 3 31 uz68 translate-names 0 Anath The name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man
JDG 3 31 f6s9 translate-numbers 0 600 men "six hundred men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 3 31 z3lr 0 a stick used to goad cattle Cattle farmers would poke their cattle with a sharp stick to make them move. AT "a stick used to urge cattle to move" or "a stick used to direct cattle"
JDG 3 31 n8z3 figs-metonymy 0 He also delivered Israel from danger The word "danger" refers to enemies that tried to harm the people of Israel. Alternate translation: "He also delivered the people of Israel from their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 4 intro pjw5 0 # Judges 04 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br>Chapters 4 and 5 form one section about Barak and Deborah.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Barak's leadership<br><br>At this time, it was very unusual for a woman to be a leader, especially a military leader. Barak lacked the strength to go into battle without Deborah. This indicates that Barak was a poor leader. If a woman won the battle for him, it would have brought Barak shame. It also indicates that Deborah was very well respected. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
JDG 4 intro pjw5 0 # Judges 04 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br>Chapters 4 and 5 form one section about Barak and Deborah.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Barak's leadership<br><br>At this time, it was very unusual for a woman to be a leader, especially a military leader. Barak lacked the strength to go into battle without Deborah. This indicates that Barak was a poor leader. If a woman won the battle for him, it would have brought Barak shame. It also indicates that Deborah was very well respected. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
JDG 4 1 h4q7 0 Ehud See how you translated this man's name in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md).
JDG 4 1 aq65 figs-metaphor 0 what was evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 4 2 yj14 figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh sold them into the hand of Jabin king of Canaan Here "hand" refers to Jabin's power over Israel. Yahweh's decision to give Jabin power over them is spoken of as if Yahweh had sold them to Jabin. Alternate translation: "Yahweh allowed them to be defeated by the power of Jabin king of Canaan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ JDG 4 22 n7wq 0 Barak was pursuing "Barak was chasing" or "Barak was following
JDG 4 23 xzh1 figs-metaphor 0 God defeated Jabin, the king of Canaan, before the people of Israel God causing the Israelites to defeat Jabin and his army is spoken of as is God himself defeated Jabin as the people of Israel watched. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 4 24 y25t 0 The might "The military power"
JDG 4 24 zcb9 figs-synecdoche 0 they destroyed him Here "him" refers to Jabin who represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: "they destroyed Jabin and his army" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG 5 intro jgd9 0 # Judges 05 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Deborah and Barak continues in this chapter.<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart quotations, prayers, and songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of Chapter 5, which is a song, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.<br><br>### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>#### The flood<br><br>God caused rain and flooding to bog down Jaban's chariots making<br>them vulnerable to soldiers on foot, even though it is not said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
JDG 5 intro jgd9 0 # Judges 05 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Deborah and Barak continues in this chapter.<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart quotations, prayers, and songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of Chapter 5, which is a song, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### The flood<br><br>God caused rain and flooding to bog down Jaban's chariots making<br>them vulnerable to soldiers on foot, even though it is not said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
JDG 5 1 w7ex figs-explicit 0 On that day The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "On the day the Israelites defeated the army of King Jabin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 5 1 pfq9 0 Deborah See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:4](../04/04.md).
JDG 5 1 l3sj 0 Barak ... Abinoam See how you translated these names in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ JDG 5 30 yg2c figs-synecdoche 0 for the necks of those who plunder Here "necks"
JDG 5 31 bi4x figs-simile 0 like the sun when it rises in its might The people of Israel wish to be like the sun that rises because no nation's army is powerful enough to stop the sunrise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JDG 5 31 q1yt figs-metonymy 0 the land had peace Here "the land" represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: "and the people of Israel lived peacefully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 5 31 mw3u translate-numbers 0 for forty years "for 40 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 6 intro p5sj 0 # Judges 06 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a section about Gideon. (Chapters 6-8)<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Israel's punishment<br>In Judges, Israel's actions are connected to their obedience to Yahweh. When Israel does evil, they are oppressed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]])<br>
JDG 6 intro p5sj 0 # Judges 06 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a section about Gideon. (Chapters 6-8)<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Israel's punishment<br>In Judges, Israel's actions are connected to their obedience to Yahweh. When Israel does evil, they are oppressed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]])<br>
JDG 6 1 ht3z figs-metaphor 0 what was evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 6 1 l9nl figs-metonymy 0 the hand of Midian Here "Midian" represents the people of Midian. Also, "hand" represents control. Alternate translation: "the control of the people of Midian" or "the control of the Midianites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 6 2 bs4z figs-metonymy 0 The power of Midian oppressed Israel Here "the power of Midian" refers to the people of Midian. Alternate translation: "The people of Midian were more powerful than the people of Israel and they oppressed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ JDG 6 37 qz5z 0 dew water that forms on plants during the night
JDG 6 37 s8ri figs-explicit 0 then I will know that you will The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "this will be a sign from you, and then I will know that you will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 6 38 cs87 0 Gideon rose "Gideon got out of bed"
JDG 6 38 ub6l 0 wrung twist and squeeze something to remove water
JDG 7 intro q545 0 # Judges 07 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Gideon continues in this chapter.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### God gets all of the credit<br><br>God said, "There are too many soldiers for me to give you victory over the Midianites. Make sure that Israel will not boast against me, saying, 'Our own power has saved us.'" By lowering the number of fighting soldiers, it emphasizes that the victory is achieved through God's power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]])<br>
JDG 7 intro q545 0 # Judges 07 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Gideon continues in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God gets all of the credit<br><br>God said, "There are too many soldiers for me to give you victory over the Midianites. Make sure that Israel will not boast against me, saying, 'Our own power has saved us.'" By lowering the number of fighting soldiers, it emphasizes that the victory is achieved through God's power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]])<br>
JDG 7 1 u963 0 Jerub Baal This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated his name in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
JDG 7 1 se4n 0 they encamped "they set up their camp"
JDG 7 1 q9lu translate-names 0 spring of Harod ... hill of Moreh These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -511,7 +511,7 @@ JDG 7 24 js9y translate-names 0 Beth Barah This is the name of a town. (See: [[
JDG 7 24 u7ze 0 took control of the waters, as far as Beth Barah and the Jordan River "took control of the area of the Jordan River as far south as Beth Barah"
JDG 7 25 hn84 figs-explicit 0 at the rock of Oreb ... at the winepress of Zeeb The places were given these names after the Israelites killed Oreb and Zeeb there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 7 25 rvj8 translate-names 0 Oreb ... Zeeb These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 8 intro zh95 0 # Judges 08 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Gideon concludes in this chapter.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Succoth's refusal to help Gideon<br>The men of Succoth feared the Midianites more than Gideon. This is why they refused to help Gideon. By allying themselves with the Midianites, they aligned themselves against Yahweh. Because of this, Gideon treated them like he treated the Midianites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>#### Gideon refuses to be king<br><br>Gideon said to them, "I will not rule over you, neither will my son rule over you. Yahweh will rule over you." Although the book of Deuteronomy anticipates a king in Israel, it was sinful for Israel to desire to have a king. He did though take a share of everyone's plunder as a king would have done through taxes. This may serve as a warning to Israel about their desire to have a king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
JDG 8 intro zh95 0 # Judges 08 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Gideon concludes in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Succoth's refusal to help Gideon<br>The men of Succoth feared the Midianites more than Gideon. This is why they refused to help Gideon. By allying themselves with the Midianites, they aligned themselves against Yahweh. Because of this, Gideon treated them like he treated the Midianites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>### Gideon refuses to be king<br><br>Gideon said to them, "I will not rule over you, neither will my son rule over you. Yahweh will rule over you." Although the book of Deuteronomy anticipates a king in Israel, it was sinful for Israel to desire to have a king. He did though take a share of everyone's plunder as a king would have done through taxes. This may serve as a warning to Israel about their desire to have a king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
JDG 8 1 sea3 figs-rquestion 0 What is this you have done to us? The people of the tribe of Ephraim were rebuking Gideon with this rhetorical question for not including them in his army. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: "You have not treated us fairly." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG 8 1 f8fy figs-metonymy 0 against Midian Here "Midian" represents the Midianite army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 8 1 whc1 0 they had a violent argument with him they argued angrily with him" or "they rebuked him severely"
@ -602,7 +602,7 @@ JDG 8 34 k1h5 figs-metonymy 0 from the hand of all their enemies Here "hand" re
JDG 8 34 lqk5 0 on every side "who surrounded them"
JDG 8 35 svf8 figs-metonymy 0 the house of Jerub Baal Here "the house of" represents a person's family. Alternate translation: "the family of Jerub Baal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 8 35 w3k3 0 Jerub Baal This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
JDG 9 intro zl19 0 # Judges 09 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Jotham's curse<br><br>Gideon's son, Abimelech, killed all of his brothers except Jotham in order to become king of Shechem. Jotham cursed Abimelech for having murdered Gideon's other sons. "Let fire come out from Abimelech and burn up the men of Shechem and the house of Millo. Let fire come out from the men of Shechem and Beth Millo, to burn up Abimelech." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])<br><br>=##### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>#### Tree metaphor<br>This chapter contains an extended metaphor about trees. This metaphor functions as a parable instructing Israel about their sinful desire to have a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
JDG 9 intro zl19 0 # Judges 09 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Jotham's curse<br><br>Gideon's son, Abimelech, killed all of his brothers except Jotham in order to become king of Shechem. Jotham cursed Abimelech for having murdered Gideon's other sons. "Let fire come out from Abimelech and burn up the men of Shechem and the house of Millo. Let fire come out from the men of Shechem and Beth Millo, to burn up Abimelech." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])<br><br>=##### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Tree metaphor<br>This chapter contains an extended metaphor about trees. This metaphor functions as a parable instructing Israel about their sinful desire to have a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
JDG 9 1 cb58 0 Jerub Baal This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
JDG 9 2 gfl5 figs-quotesinquotes 0 Please say this, so that all the leaders in Shechem may hear, 'Which is better for you, that all seventy sons of Jerub Baal rule over you, or that just one rule over you?' This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: "Please ask the leaders of Shechem if they would rather have all seventy sons of Jerub Baal rule over them, or if they would rather have just one of his sons rule over them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
JDG 9 2 lpf2 translate-numbers 0 seventy "70" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
@ -738,7 +738,7 @@ JDG 9 56 h9fb translate-numbers 0 seventy "70" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate
JDG 9 57 fx65 figs-idiom 0 made all the evil of the men of Shechem turn back on their own heads "Evil turn back on their heads" here is an idiom. Alternate translation: "punished the men of Shechem for all the evil they had done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 9 57 hua1 figs-idiom 0 on them came the curse of Jotham son of Jerub Baal This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "the curse of Jotham son of Jerub Baal happened to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 9 57 q7dp 0 Jerub Baal This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this name in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
JDG 10 intro zqn2 0 # Judges 10 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins the account of Jephthah ([Judges 10-12](./01.md)).<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Israel's punishment<br>In Judges, Israel's actions are connected to their obedience to Yahweh. When Israel does evil, they are oppressed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]])<br>
JDG 10 intro zqn2 0 # Judges 10 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins the account of Jephthah ([Judges 10-12](./01.md)).<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Israel's punishment<br>In Judges, Israel's actions are connected to their obedience to Yahweh. When Israel does evil, they are oppressed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]])<br>
JDG 10 1 g7ww translate-names 0 Tola ... Puah ... Dodo These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 10 1 ti4g translate-names 0 Shamir This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 10 1 lxh7 0 arose to deliver Israel "came to deliver Israel" or "became the leader to deliver Israel"
@ -783,7 +783,7 @@ JDG 10 13 zdy2 figs-idiom 0 I will not keep adding to the times I deliver you T
JDG 10 16 i2l8 figs-explicit 0 foreign gods among them You can make explicit the implicit meaning of this statement. Alternate translation: "foreign gods whose images they possessed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 10 16 m6hd figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh could bear Israel's misery no longer Here Israel refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: "And Yahweh did not want the people of Israel to suffer any longer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 10 18 j3k2 0 Who is the man who will begin to fight the Ammonites? "Who will lead our army to fight against the Ammonites?"
JDG 11 intro q7si 0 # Judges 11 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Jephthah continues in this chapter.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Jephthah the leader<br>Jephthah was half Israelite and half Canaanite by birth. While all of the judges were called by Yahweh, it is the leaders who called Jephthah to help them, but Yahweh still used Jephthah to help them.<br>
JDG 11 intro q7si 0 # Judges 11 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Jephthah continues in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Jephthah the leader<br>Jephthah was half Israelite and half Canaanite by birth. While all of the judges were called by Yahweh, it is the leaders who called Jephthah to help them, but Yahweh still used Jephthah to help them.<br>
JDG 11 1 yk6s translate-names 0 Gileadite This is someone who is from the region of Gilead. It is a coincidence that his father's name is also Gilead. See how you translated this in [Judges 10:3](../10/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 11 2 r35b 0 When his wife's sons grew up "When the sons of Gilead's wife became adults"
JDG 11 3 aw1r translate-names 0 the land of Tob Tob is the name of a region. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -858,7 +858,7 @@ JDG 11 37 hj6q figs-activepassive 0 Let this promise be kept for me This can be
JDG 11 37 dh7s 0 grieve over my virginity "weep because I am a virgin" or "cry because I will never be married"
JDG 11 39 n4my figs-euphemism 0 had never known a man This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: "had never had sexual relations with a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JDG 11 40 s739 0 the Gileadite This refers to someone from Gilead. See how you translated this in [Judges 10:3](../10/03.md).
JDG 12 intro p8zn 0 # Judges 12 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Jephthah concludes in this chapter.<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>#### Shibboleth<br>This is a word in Hebrew. Its importance in this chapter is because of its sounds, not its meaning. The translator should not translate the meaning of this word, but should transliterate or transfer it into the target language by substituting letters that have the same sounds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])<br>
JDG 12 intro p8zn 0 # Judges 12 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Jephthah concludes in this chapter.<br><br>### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Shibboleth<br>This is a word in Hebrew. Its importance in this chapter is because of its sounds, not its meaning. The translator should not translate the meaning of this word, but should transliterate or transfer it into the target language by substituting letters that have the same sounds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])<br>
JDG 12 1 mp3k figs-abstractnouns 0 A call went out to the men of Ephraim Here the abstract noun "call" can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: "The men of Ephraim were called together" or "The men ... of Ephraim called together their soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JDG 12 1 ubq3 translate-names 0 Zaphon This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 12 1 hh1l 0 passed through ... pass through or "traveled through ... travel" or "journeyed through ... journey"
@ -896,7 +896,7 @@ JDG 12 13 z3n6 translate-names 0 Pirathon This is the name of a city. (See: [[r
JDG 12 14 n7k2 figs-metonymy 0 They rode on seventy donkeys These men owned seventy donkeys, which they did ride. Here the word "rode" is used instead of "owned." Alternate translation: "They owned seventy donkeys" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 12 14 ua8s translate-numbers 0 forty sons ... thirty grandsons ... seventy donkeys "40 sons ... 30 grandsons ... 70 donkeys (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 12 15 wqm2 translate-names 0 Pirathonite ... Pirathon Pirathon is the name of a place, someone who is from that place is called a Pirathonite. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 13 intro eu67 0 # Judges 13 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins the account of Samson ([Judges 13-16](./01.md)).<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Warning not to cut his hair<br><br>The angel of the Lord prophesied about Samson and gave instructions to Samson's mother. Samson's mother was to offer up her son under a Nazarite vow. This was a special type of vow, dedicating Samson to Yahweh. Part of this vow prohibited the cutting of the person's hair. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]])<br>
JDG 13 intro eu67 0 # Judges 13 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins the account of Samson ([Judges 13-16](./01.md)).<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Warning not to cut his hair<br><br>The angel of the Lord prophesied about Samson and gave instructions to Samson's mother. Samson's mother was to offer up her son under a Nazarite vow. This was a special type of vow, dedicating Samson to Yahweh. Part of this vow prohibited the cutting of the person's hair. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]])<br>
JDG 13 1 acr5 figs-metaphor 0 what was evil in the sight of Yahweh The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh's judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: "what was evil in Yahweh's judgment" or "what Yahweh considered to be evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 13 1 g29r figs-metonymy 0 he gave them into the hand of the Philistines Here "hand" refers to power to gain victory in battle. Alternate translation: "he allowed the Philistines to defeat them" or "he allowed them to be oppressed by the Philistines" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 13 1 jxd2 translate-numbers 0 forty years "40 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
@ -943,7 +943,7 @@ JDG 13 24 ht9i 0 grew up "became an adult" or "matured"
JDG 13 25 hmc1 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh's Spirit began to stir him Here the way Yahweh's Spirit influences Samson is compared to the way a spoon stirs food in a pot. Alternate translation: "Yahweh's Spirit began to influence Samson" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 13 25 wnc2 translate-names 0 Mahaneh Dan ... Eshtaol Mahaneh Dan is the name of a temporary camp that the tribe of Dan lived in while they looked for a permanent home. Eshtaol is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 13 25 x4d3 0 Zorah Translate the name of this town the same way you did in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md).
JDG 14 intro cl2d 0 # Judges 14 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Samson continues in this chapter.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 14:14, 18.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Intermarriage<br>It was considered sinful for an Israel to marry a Canaanite or anyone from a different people group. This is why Samson's parents did not want him to marry a Philistine woman. They use rhetorical questions to convince him that he is sinning. This woman caused Samson many problems. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br>
JDG 14 intro cl2d 0 # Judges 14 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Samson continues in this chapter.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 14:14, 18.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Intermarriage<br>It was considered sinful for an Israel to marry a Canaanite or anyone from a different people group. This is why Samson's parents did not want him to marry a Philistine woman. They use rhetorical questions to convince him that he is sinning. This woman caused Samson many problems. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br>
JDG 14 1 bwa3 translate-names 0 Samson went down to Timnah The phrase "went down" is used here because Timnah is lower in elevation than where his father's house was. Timah is the name of a city in the Sorek Valley. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 14 1 u7xb figs-euphemism 0 one of the daughters of the Philistines The word "daughter" is a polite way to refer to a young, unmarried woman. Alternate translation: "one of the unmarried women among the Philistine people" or "a Philistine girl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JDG 14 2 b9h1 figs-idiom 0 Now get her for me to be my wife This is an idiom. Samson was demanding his parents to speak to the Philistine woman's parents about marriage. Alternate translation: "Now arrange for her to become my wife" or "Make the arrangements for me to marry her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
@ -1008,7 +1008,7 @@ JDG 14 19 ym43 0 Burning with anger "Very angry"
JDG 14 19 d5ji 0 went up to his father's house The phrase "went up" is used here because Samson was at Timnah which is lower in elevation than where his father's house is located.
JDG 14 20 hb14 figs-activepassive 0 Samson's wife was given to his best friend This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "his wife's father gave her to his best friend" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG 14 20 ibt7 0 best friend "closest friend"
JDG 15 intro dn16 0 # Judges 15 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Samson continues in this chapter.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 15:16.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Samson's strength<br><br>The Spirit of Yahweh rushed upon Samson. This meant God gave Samson extraordinary strength. Samson's power is the power of Yahweh himself and he enacted the judgment of God on the Philistines. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])<br>
JDG 15 intro dn16 0 # Judges 15 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Samson continues in this chapter.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 15:16.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Samson's strength<br><br>The Spirit of Yahweh rushed upon Samson. This meant God gave Samson extraordinary strength. Samson's power is the power of Yahweh himself and he enacted the judgment of God on the Philistines. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])<br>
JDG 15 1 gn7w figs-idiom 0 He said to himself This refers to thinking. Alternate translation: "He thought to himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 15 1 n6ml figs-explicit 0 I will go to my wife's room Samson intended to sleep with his wife. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "I will go to my wife's room, so we may sleep together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 15 1 hmg4 figs-ellipsis 0 would not allow him to go in The phrase "her room" is understood from what Samson said to himself. It can be repeated here. Alternate translation: "would not permit him to go into her room" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
@ -1067,7 +1067,7 @@ JDG 15 19 r7ji translate-names 0 En Hakkore This is the name of a spring of wat
JDG 15 19 k47v figs-idiom 0 it is at Lehi to this day This means that the spring did not dry up but that it remained. The phrase "to this day" refers to the "present" time. Alternate translation: "the spring can still be found at Lehi, even today" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 15 20 ru29 figs-explicit 0 in the days of the Philistines This refers to the time period that the Philistines controlled the land of Israel. Alternate translation: "during the time the Philistines controlled Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 15 20 l52v translate-numbers 0 for twenty years "for 20 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 16 intro u81n 0 # Judges 16 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Samson concludes in this chapter.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Samson's mistake<br><br>Samson mistakenly thought that he was the source of his strength. He did not realize that Yahweh had left him and without Yahweh, he had no strength. This was not Samson's only mistake. His foreign wife created most of his problems.<br>
JDG 16 intro u81n 0 # Judges 16 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Samson concludes in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Samson's mistake<br><br>Samson mistakenly thought that he was the source of his strength. He did not realize that Yahweh had left him and without Yahweh, he had no strength. This was not Samson's only mistake. His foreign wife created most of his problems.<br>
JDG 16 1 l289 figs-euphemism 0 he went to bed with her The phrase "went to bed with" is a polite way of referring to having sex. Alternate translation: "he had sex with her" or "he slept with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JDG 16 2 j859 translate-names 0 The Gazites were told The word "Gazites" refers to people from Gaza. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Someone told the people of Gaza" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 16 2 fyj2 0 The Gazites surrounded the place ... they waited for him all night at the city gate This implies that some Gazites surrounded the place where Samson was staying and others waited at the city gate so that he could not leave.
@ -1167,7 +1167,7 @@ JDG 16 31 de6c 0 in the burial place of Manoah, his father "where his father,
JDG 16 31 i2d4 translate-names 0 Manoah See how you translated this man's name in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 16 31 wv8z figs-explicit 0 Samson had judged Israel for twenty years This same sentence is also in [Judges 15:20](../15/20.md). It is repeated here to remind readers of how long he judged Israel. Alternate translation: "Samson had judged Israel for twenty years before he died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 16 31 vmv2 translate-numbers 0 twenty years "20 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 17 intro c454 0 # Judges 17 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a section explaining how Israel came to have a king.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Idols and figures<br><br>According to the law of Moses, the Israelites were prohibited from making wooden figures or cast metal idols. This was a form of idolatry. This practice was common in Canaan and it shows the influence the Israelites allowed these people to have on them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br>
JDG 17 intro c454 0 # Judges 17 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a section explaining how Israel came to have a king.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Idols and figures<br><br>According to the law of Moses, the Israelites were prohibited from making wooden figures or cast metal idols. This was a form of idolatry. This practice was common in Canaan and it shows the influence the Israelites allowed these people to have on them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br>
JDG 17 1 rrp1 writing-participants 0 There was a man This is a way to introduce a new person to the story line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
JDG 17 1 ke46 translate-names 0 Micah This is the name of a man. It is not the same man who wrote the book of Micah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 17 2 c1x6 translate-numbers 0 1,100 pieces "one thousand one hundred pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
@ -1193,7 +1193,7 @@ JDG 17 10 tm7m figs-explicit 0 So the Levite went into his house It is implied
JDG 17 11 mvs9 figs-simile 0 the young man became to Micah like one of his sons The relationship between the Levite and Micah became like the close relationship between a father and son. Alternate translation: "the young man became close to Micah and was like one of his sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JDG 17 12 t9an figs-idiom 0 Micah set apart the Levite Here "set apart" means that Micah "dedicated" or "ordained" him. Alternate translation: "Micah dedicated the Levite" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 17 12 s6d6 figs-metonymy 0 was in Micah's house Here living in Micah's house is spoken of as "being" in his house. Alternate translation: "lived in Micah's house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 18 intro y2ru 0 # Judges 18 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### The tribe of Dan<br><br>The tribe of Dan lacked faith in Yahweh and had yet to conquer its inheritance. In this chapter, they begin to conquer their land, but they also started to worship an idol. Their conquering of the land is much different than the other tribes' victories. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]])<br>
JDG 18 intro y2ru 0 # Judges 18 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The tribe of Dan<br><br>The tribe of Dan lacked faith in Yahweh and had yet to conquer its inheritance. In this chapter, they begin to conquer their land, but they also started to worship an idol. Their conquering of the land is much different than the other tribes' victories. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]])<br>
JDG 18 1 d1r4 writing-newevent 0 In those days This phrase introduces the beginning of another event in the story line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
JDG 18 1 w9qn writing-background 0 In those days ... from among the tribes of Israel This is background information about Israel and the people of the tribe of Dan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 18 1 g4f2 figs-explicit 0 not received any inheritance from This refers specifically to land inherited where they would live. Alternate translation: "not received a land inheritance from" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -1250,7 +1250,7 @@ JDG 18 28 vw28 translate-names 0 Beth Rehob This is a name of a town. (See: [[r
JDG 18 30 z23n figs-explicit 0 Jonathan son of Gershom, son of Moses This is the name of the young Levite who used to serve as priest for Micah. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "The young Levite's name was Jonathan the son of Gershom, son of Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG 18 30 myi7 figs-metaphor 0 until the day of the land's captivity This refers to a time later on when the people of Dan would be captured by their enemies. Here the land being conquered is spoken of as if it were a prisoner taken captive by an enemy. Alternate translation: "until the day that their enemies conquered their land" or "until the day that their enemies took them captive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG 18 31 m78z figs-metonymy 0 that he made Micah did not make his gods, rather the craftsman made them for him. Alternate translation: "that had been made for him" or "that his craftsman made for him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 19 intro gj7f 0 # Judges 19 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### The sin of Benjamin<br>People from a village of the tribe of Benjamin raped a visitor's wife to death. This was very evil, especially in the ancient Near East. The people of Israel considered mistreatment of a guest one of the worst crimes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br>
JDG 19 intro gj7f 0 # Judges 19 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The sin of Benjamin<br>People from a village of the tribe of Benjamin raped a visitor's wife to death. This was very evil, especially in the ancient Near East. The people of Israel considered mistreatment of a guest one of the worst crimes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br>
JDG 19 1 akh7 writing-newevent 0 In those days This phrase introduces the beginning of another event in the story line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
JDG 19 1 u1qs 0 remote far from where most people live
JDG 19 2 p37k figs-explicit 0 was unfaithful to him This means that she was unfaithful in their relationship and that she began to sleep with other men. This can be stated explicitly if necessary. Alternate translation: "began to sleep with other men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -1292,7 +1292,7 @@ JDG 19 28 gk5s figs-explicit 0 But there was no answer The woman did not answer
JDG 19 29 r79a figs-idiom 0 limb by limb "section by section." The author uses this graphic description of how the Levite cut up her body into specific pieces to emphasize what he did. "Limbs" refers to a person's arms and legs. If there is not a similar phrase in your language, this description may be left out of the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 19 29 fx7u translate-numbers 0 twelve pieces "12 pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG 19 29 xd3i figs-explicit 0 sent the pieces everywhere throughout Israel This means that he sent sent the different pieces to twelve different areas of Israel. Alternate translation: "sent each piece to a different place throughout Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG 20 intro lla1 0 # Judges 20 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Benjamin destroyed<br><br>The army of Israel destroys all the tribe of Benjamin except 600 men. After this point in time, the tribe of Benjamin becomes mostly insignificant.<br>
JDG 20 intro lla1 0 # Judges 20 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Benjamin destroyed<br><br>The army of Israel destroys all the tribe of Benjamin except 600 men. After this point in time, the tribe of Benjamin becomes mostly insignificant.<br>
JDG 20 1 wg4p figs-simile 0 as one man This simile speaks of the group as acting as a single person. It refers to a group of who people do everything together in the same way. Alternate translation: "as if they were a single man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JDG 20 1 jp6a figs-merism 0 from Dan to Beersheba This refers to the land as a whole. Alternate translation: "from all the eleven tribes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JDG 20 2 ze7s 0 God—400,000 men on foot "God and also 400,000 regular soldiers came"
@ -1365,7 +1365,7 @@ JDG 20 47 h1ci translate-numbers 0 six hundred "600" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/tra
JDG 20 48 h7m3 0 turned back against the people of Benjamin These people of Benjamin are not the soldiers who fled to the rock of Rimmon, but the ones who were still in the city.
JDG 20 48 l4rw figs-metonymy 0 the city Here "the city" refers to the people in that city. Alternate translation: "everyone who was in the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG 20 48 ue39 figs-idiom 0 in their path This idiom refers to everything that they found as they went toward the city. Alternate translation: "they came to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG 21 intro bf76 0 # Judges 21 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter concludes the account of the previous chapter.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Sin and immorality<br><br>At the end of Judges, there is much sin and immorality. The people are doing wrong and fixing their wrongs by doing more evil things. This period of Judges is typified by this final account and summarized by the statement, "everyone did what was right in his own eyes." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br>
JDG 21 intro bf76 0 # Judges 21 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter concludes the account of the previous chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sin and immorality<br><br>At the end of Judges, there is much sin and immorality. The people are doing wrong and fixing their wrongs by doing more evil things. This period of Judges is typified by this final account and summarized by the statement, "everyone did what was right in his own eyes." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br>
JDG 21 1 w65e writing-background 0 Now the men of Israel had made a promise ... marry a Benjamite." This background information tells the reader about the promise that the Israelites made before the battle with the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG 21 1 rw2t 0 Benjamite This is the name of the descendants of Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md).
JDG 21 3 q8cb figs-rquestion 0 Why, Yahweh, God of Israel, has this happened to Israel, that one of our tribes should be missing today? The people of Israel used this rhetorical question to express their deep sadness. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "Oh Yahweh, we are so sad that one of the tribes of Israel has been completely destroyed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

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Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
RUT front intro f68r 0 # Introduction to Ruth<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of Ruth<br><br>1. How Ruth came to Bethlehem with Naomi (1:1–22)<br>1. Boaz helps Ruth as she gleans (2:1–23)<br>1. Boaz and Ruth at the threshing floor (3:1–18)<br>1. How Ruth became the wife of Boaz (4:1–16)<br>1. Obed born to Ruth and Boaz; the genealogy of David (4:13–22)<br><br>### What is the Book of Ruth about?<br><br>This book is about a non-Israelite woman named Ruth. It tells how she came to join the people of Yahweh. The book also explains how Ruth became an ancestor of King David.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>This book traditionally has the title "Ruth" because she is the main person in it. Translators can use a title such as "The Book about Ruth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>### When did the events in the Book of Ruth occur?<br><br>The story of Ruth is set during the time when there were "judges" in Israel. These were men and women whom God chose to help the Israelites defeat their enemies. These leaders usually continued to help the people by deciding disputes among them. They also helped them make important decisions. Many of these leaders served all the people of Israel, but some of them may have served only certain tribes.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### Why does Scripture include a book about a woman from the foreign land of Moab?<br><br>In a period when Israel was often unfaithful to Yahweh, a woman from Moab shows great faith in him. The Israelites' frequent lack of faith in Yahweh is contrasted with the faith of this woman from a foreign land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])<br><br>### What important marriage custom is found in the Book of Ruth?<br><br>Israelites practiced what is called "levirate marriage." This was a custom for the closest male relative to provide for a childless widow by marrying her. Any children born to them were to be regarded as children of the dead man. They did this so that the dead man would still have descendants. If the closest relative did not marry the woman, another relative could.<br><br>### What was a "kinsman-redeemer"?<br><br>A person's close relative or relatives were expected to act as "kinsmen-redeemers" (2:20 ULT) for him or her. They were responsible to provide for a relative in need. They were also responsible to practice "levirate marriage." In the Book of Ruth, Boaz is one such kinsman-redeemer.<br><br>### What was "gleaning" in the Book of Ruth?<br><br>Poor people were allowed to follow after the men who harvested a field. These "gleaners" picked up sheaves of grain that the harvesters missed or dropped. In this way, poor people were able to find some food. Ruth became a gleaner in a field belonging to Boaz.<br><br>### What is covenant faithfulness or covenant loyalty?<br><br>A covenant is a formal, binding agreement between two parties that one or both parties must fulfill. Covenant faithfulness or covenant loyalty is when a person does what they said they would do, according to a covenant they had with someone else. God promised that he would love and be faithful to the Israelites. The Israelites were to do the same toward him and toward each other.<br><br>The Book of Ruth shows that what kinsmen-redeemers do for their relatives are part of Israel's duties in God's covenant with them. The story of Boaz, Ruth and Naomi gives good examples to all of Israel of the good effects of covenant faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]])<br><br>### What function did city gates have in the ancient Near East?<br><br>City gates in the time of Boaz were natural meeting places for the city elders. Elders were honored men who decided business matters and legal matters together. The city walls were large, perhaps two to three meters in width. Therefore the gateway opening provided a shady area for public meetings. For this reason, Boaz and the other elders sat in the gateway.<br><br>Some English Bible versions speak of Boaz sitting "at" the city gate. It may be best for translators to make clear that Boaz sat "in" the city gateway.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### How does the Book of Ruth change from one topic to another topic?<br><br>The Book of Ruth often changes to new topics or new parts of the story. The ULT uses various words to indicate these changes, such as "so," "then," and "now." Translators should use the ways most natural in their own languages to signal these changes.<br>
RUT 1 intro irf4 0 # Ruth 01 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>#### "It happened in the days when the judges ruled"<br>The events of this book occur during the period of Judges. The book is concurrent with the book of Judges. To understand the historical context of the book, the translator may wish to review the book of Judges.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Women without a husband or children<br>In the ancient Near East, if a woman lacked a husband or sons, she was considered to be in a dire circumstance. She would not have been able to provide for herself. This is why Naomi told her daughters to remarry.<br><br>### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>#### Contrast<br>The actions of Ruth the Moabite are intended to contrast with the actions of Naomi the Jew. Ruth shows great faith in Naomi's god, while Naomi does not trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br>
RUT 1 intro irf4 0 # Ruth 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>### "It happened in the days when the judges ruled"<br>The events of this book occur during the period of Judges. The book is concurrent with the book of Judges. To understand the historical context of the book, the translator may wish to review the book of Judges.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Women without a husband or children<br>In the ancient Near East, if a woman lacked a husband or sons, she was considered to be in a dire circumstance. She would not have been able to provide for herself. This is why Naomi told her daughters to remarry.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Contrast<br>The actions of Ruth the Moabite are intended to contrast with the actions of Naomi the Jew. Ruth shows great faith in Naomi's god, while Naomi does not trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br>
RUT 1 1 sb2j 0 It happened "It was" or "This is what happened." This is a common way of beginning a historical story.
RUT 1 1 m9nl 0 in the days when the judges ruled "during the time when judges led and governed Israel"
RUT 1 1 nm13 figs-explicit 0 in the land This refers to the land of Israel. Alternate translation: "in the land of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ RUT 1 21 jqx5 0 condemned me "judged me guilty"
RUT 1 21 t1p8 0 has afflicted me "has brought calamity on me" or "has brought tragedy to me"
RUT 1 22 cx7g writing-endofstory 0 So Naomi and Ruth This begins a summary statement. English marks this by the word "so." Determine how your language marks concluding or summary statements and do the same. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
RUT 1 22 bgy3 figs-abstractnouns 0 at the beginning of the barley harvest The phrase "the barley harvest" can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: "when the farmers were just beginning to harvest barley" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
RUT 2 intro ld2v 0 # Ruth 02 General Notes<br>### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>#### "Do not go and glean in another field"<br>Boaz said this because he could not guarantee their safety in another person's field. It is assumed that not everyone was as gracious and obedient to the law of Moses as Boaz. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
RUT 2 intro ld2v 0 # Ruth 02 General Notes<br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### "Do not go and glean in another field"<br>Boaz said this because he could not guarantee their safety in another person's field. It is assumed that not everyone was as gracious and obedient to the law of Moses as Boaz. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
RUT 2 1 t2sn writing-background 0 Now Naomi had a relative of her husband This phrase introduces new information before the story continues. Your language may have a way to introduce new information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
RUT 2 1 b4q7 0 a worthy man "a prominent, wealthy man." This means that Boaz was prosperous and well known in his community, with a good reputation.
RUT 2 2 am6a 0 Ruth, the Moabite woman Here the story resumes. You need to see how your language restarts a story after a break.
@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ RUT 2 22 f2tw 0 go out with "work with"
RUT 2 22 bcc4 0 come to harm Possible meanings are 1) other workers might abuse Ruth or try to seize her and sleep with her or 2) in another field, the owner might interfere or stop her from gleaning until the end of the harvest.
RUT 2 23 e2vq 0 she stayed close Ruth worked in Boaz's fields with his workers during the day, so she would be safe.
RUT 2 23 a7qp 0 She lived with her mother-in-law Ruth went to Naomi's home to sleep at night.
RUT 3 intro t4y5 0 # Ruth 03 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Boaz's integrity<br>Boaz showed great integrity in this chapter by not having sexual relations with Ruth. He was also concerned with how people would see Ruth if they caught her in this position. Boaz's character is important for this story.<br><br>### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>#### "So that things may go well for you"<br>Naomi attempted to make Ruth desirable to Boaz so that he would want to marry her. Even though she was a Gentile by birth, Boaz could marry her because she was, by marriage, Naomi's daughter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
RUT 3 intro t4y5 0 # Ruth 03 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Boaz's integrity<br>Boaz showed great integrity in this chapter by not having sexual relations with Ruth. He was also concerned with how people would see Ruth if they caught her in this position. Boaz's character is important for this story.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### "So that things may go well for you"<br>Naomi attempted to make Ruth desirable to Boaz so that he would want to marry her. Even though she was a Gentile by birth, Boaz could marry her because she was, by marriage, Naomi's daughter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
RUT 3 1 r7ar 0 mother-in-law Naomi is the mother of Ruth's dead husband.
RUT 3 1 f1uc 0 My daughter Ruth became Naomi's daughter by marrying her son and further by her actions in caring for Naomi after returning to Bethlehem.
RUT 3 1 nxr8 figs-rquestion 0 should I not seek a place for you to rest ... for you? Naomi uses this question to tell Ruth what she planned to do. Alternate translation: "I must look for a place for you to rest ... for you." or "I must find a husband to care for you ... for you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ RUT 3 16 s7dr figs-explicit 0 How did you do, my daughter? What Ruth meant by t
RUT 3 16 w9p9 0 all that the man had done "all that Boaz had done"
RUT 3 17 e9xx 0 Do not go empty "Do not go empty-handed" or "Do not go with nothing" or "Be sure to take something"
RUT 3 18 u5rn 0 finished this thing This refers to the decision about who will buy Naomi's property and marry Ruth.
RUT 4 intro pz6m 0 # Ruth 04 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### King David<br>Despite being a Moabitess, Ruth became an ancestor of David. David was Israel's greatest king. It is shocking a Gentile would become a part of such an important lineage. She had great faith in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>#### "You must also take Ruth the Moabitess"<br>Because Naomi had no son, her daughter-in-law Ruth needed to be provided for. Therefore, the relative who wanted to use her land had to also help Ruth to have a son who would come to provide for her.<br><br>#### "This was the custom in former times"<br>This is a comment made by the writer of the text. He functions as a narrator in this instance. It indicates that there was a considerable period of time between the events that occurred and the time they were written down.
RUT 4 intro pz6m 0 # Ruth 04 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### King David<br>Despite being a Moabitess, Ruth became an ancestor of David. David was Israel's greatest king. It is shocking a Gentile would become a part of such an important lineage. She had great faith in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### "You must also take Ruth the Moabitess"<br>Because Naomi had no son, her daughter-in-law Ruth needed to be provided for. Therefore, the relative who wanted to use her land had to also help Ruth to have a son who would come to provide for her.<br><br>### "This was the custom in former times"<br>This is a comment made by the writer of the text. He functions as a narrator in this instance. It indicates that there was a considerable period of time between the events that occurred and the time they were written down.
RUT 4 1 m4by 0 the gate "the gate of the city" or "the gate of Bethlehem." This was the main entrance to the walled town of Bethlehem. There was an open area by the gate that was used as a meeting place to discuss community matters.
RUT 4 1 kz1g 0 the near kinsman This was the closest living relative to Elimelek.
RUT 4 2 bf74 0 elders of the city "leaders of the city"

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Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
2SA front intro bs9v 0 # Introduction to 2 Samuel<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of 2 Samuel<br><br>1. The first years of David's reign (1:1–7:29)<br>- Saul is killed; David is kind to Ishbosheth (1:1–4:12)<br>- David defeats the Philistines (5:1–25)<br>- Victories, the ark, the house of God (6:1–7:29)<br>1. David extends his rule to all the Promised Land (8:1–10:19)<br>1. David's sin with Bathsheba (11:1–12:31)<br>1. Amnon and Tamar; Absalom kills Amnon (13:1–14:33)<br>1. The later years of David's reign (15:1–24:25)<br>- Absalom rebels and is killed (15:1–18:33)<br>- David's kingdom restored (19:1–20:26)<br>- Famine and warfare (21:1–14)<br>- David's song of praise (22:1–23:7)<br>- David's mighty men (23:8–39)<br>- Yahweh judges David's sin of numbering the people; the plague stopped (24:1–25)<br><br>### What is the Book of 2 Samuel about?<br><br>This book is about David ruling as king over Israel. He first ruled over the tribe of Judah for seven years. Then the other eleven tribes agreed to have him become their king. He ruled over all Israel for thirty-three years.<br><br>Throughout this time, David led his army to fight foreign enemies who attacked Israel. However, he struggled the most against someone in his own family. Absalom, his son, rebelled and fought against him ([2 Samuel 13-19](../13/01.md)).<br><br>The Book of 2 Samuel also tells about when David sinned greatly. He slept with Bathsheba, the wife of Uriah the Hittite. When she became pregnant, David arranged for Uriah to be killed in battle. David and all Israel suffered much because of David's sin. However, the writer also tells of Yahweh repeatedly showing David grace and love after David repented of his sin.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators can use the traditional title "2 Samuel," or "Second Samuel." Or translators may consider a clearer title such as "The Second Book about Samuel, Saul, and David." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>### What was the purpose of the Book of 2 Samuel?<br><br>The Book of 2 Samuel begins where 1 Samuel ended. The writer continues to show how the tribes of Israel unite under the first kings of Israel. The Book of 2 Samuel centers around David as the king Yahweh chose to lead Israel.<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of 2 Samuel?<br><br>It is uncertain who wrote 2 Samuel. It may have been someone alive soon after King Solomon died. When Solomon died, the kingdom of Israel split into two kingdoms. The author probably lived in the southern kingdom of Judah. A descendant of David continued to rule over the southern kingdom. The author may have written 2 Samuel to defend David's right to be king. This would prove that David's descendant was the rightful king of God's people.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What covenant had its beginning in the Book of 2 Samuel?<br><br>In 2 Samuel 7, Yahweh made a covenant with David. God promised to make a descendant of David rule forever over Israel. Christians believe that Jesus Christ fulfills this covenant. Jesus was a descendant of David. Jesus is the true "anointed one," the person God chose to be king forever. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### Why does the book refer to someone being addressed indirectly?<br><br>David frequently refers to himself as "your servant" when he speaks to King Saul. He also calls Saul "my master." Indirectly addressing a person in this way can be difficult to translate. It is intended to show that the speaker submits to the one being addressed. English sometimes uses the address "sir" or "ma'am" in this way.<br><br>### Can I translate this book before 1 Samuel?<br><br>The Book of 1 Samuel should be translated before 2 Samuel, since 2 Samuel continues from where 1 Samuel ends.<br><br>### How is the name "Israel" used in the Bible?<br><br>The name "Israel" is used in many different ways in the Bible. Jacob was the son of Isaac. God changed his name to Israel. The descendants of Jacob became a nation also called Israel. Eventually, the nation of Israel split into two kingdoms. The northern kingdom was named Israel. The southern kingdom was named Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/israel]])<br><br>2 Samuel speaks of both the northern kingdom of Israel and the whole nation of Israel as "Israel." However, these references appear in the narrative long before the two kingdoms split apart. It seems clear that the references to Israel and Judah indicate that the author wrote 2 Samuel at a time after the kingdoms split. (See: [2 Samuel 2:10](../02/10.md); [2 Samuel 3:10](../03/10.md); [2 Samuel 5:5](../05/05.md); [2 Samuel 11:11](../11/11.md); [2 Samuel 12:8](../12/08.md); [2 Samuel 19:42-43](../19/42.md); [2 Samuel 21:2](../21/02.md); [2 Samuel 24:1](../24/01.md)).<br>
2SA 1 intro la44 0 # 2 Samuel 01 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 1:19-27.<br><br>This chapter continues the material from 1 Samuel.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### David's funeral song<br>David praised Saul and Jonathan as great warriors and Jonathan as his dearest friend.<br><br>### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>#### Synecdoche<br>David used two figures of speech to express that Jonathan and Saul were great warriors: "the bow of Jonathan did not turn back, and the sword of Saul did not return empty." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])<br>
2SA 1 intro la44 0 # 2 Samuel 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 1:19-27.<br><br>This chapter continues the material from 1 Samuel.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### David's funeral song<br>David praised Saul and Jonathan as great warriors and Jonathan as his dearest friend.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Synecdoche<br>David used two figures of speech to express that Jonathan and Saul were great warriors: "the bow of Jonathan did not turn back, and the sword of Saul did not return empty." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])<br>
2SA 1 1 q125 translate-names 0 Ziklag This is the name of a city in the southern part of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 1 2 vci9 translate-ordinal 0 On the third day "After three days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
2SA 1 2 v6vv translate-symaction 0 with his clothes torn and with dirt on his head In this culture, tearing one's own clothes and putting dirt on one's head was an act of mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 1 25 i3z2 figs-apostrophe 0 on your high places David continues to address this part of the song to the mountains of Gilboa as he started in [2 Samuel 1:21](../01/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
2SA 1 26 eg6m 0 my brother Jonathan Here "brother" is used in the sense of a very close friend.
2SA 1 26 l4ln 0 Your love to me was wonderful, exceeding the love of women Here "love" is used in the sense of friendship and loyalty. Jonathan's loyalty to David was even greater than the loyalty a woman has for her husband and children.
2SA 2 intro k322 0 # 2 Samuel 02 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins the story of the civil war between Saul's son and David.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Civil war<br>There was a civil war in Israel. David was made king of Judah and Saul's uncle (Abner) made Saul's son (Ishbosheth) king of the rest of Israel. When they fought each other, Abner killed Joab's brother, but David's army was victorious.<br><br>### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>#### Rhetorical question<br>Abner finally stopped the battle with a rhetorical question to David's army. "Must the sword devour forever?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br>
2SA 2 intro k322 0 # 2 Samuel 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins the story of the civil war between Saul's son and David.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Civil war<br>There was a civil war in Israel. David was made king of Judah and Saul's uncle (Abner) made Saul's son (Ishbosheth) king of the rest of Israel. When they fought each other, Abner killed Joab's brother, but David's army was victorious.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical question<br>Abner finally stopped the battle with a rhetorical question to David's army. "Must the sword devour forever?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br>
2SA 2 1 lt47 0 After this "After David mourned the deaths of Saul and Jonathan in battle"
2SA 2 1 ncw1 0 go up to one of the cities of Judah At this time David was in the city of Ziklag. David used the phrase "go up" because Ziklag was lower in elevation than Judah. Alternate translation: "travel to one of the cities of Judah"
2SA 2 2 x7ln 0 David went up with his two wives At this time David was in the city of Ziklag. The narrator uses the phrase "went up" because Ziklag was lower in elevation than Hebron. Alternate translation: "David traveled to Hebron with his two wives"
@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 2 31 d81h figs-metonymy 0 of Benjamin This phrase means "from the tribe of Benjamin." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 2 32 e5xq 0 took up Asahel "carried Asahel's body with them"
2SA 2 32 pzw9 0 the day dawned on them at Hebron "they arrived at Hebron by dawn the next morning"
2SA 3 intro ka39 0 # 2 Samuel 03 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter records the first attempt to end the civil war.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 3:33-34.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>David never wanted to hurt Saul's family. Isbosheth criticized Abner and Abner became angry. He decided to help David become king of all of Israel. Abner came and made a treaty with David. As he left, Joab arrived and told him he wanted to talk to him and he murdered Abner. David was very unhappy that Abner had been killed.<br>
2SA 3 intro ka39 0 # 2 Samuel 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter records the first attempt to end the civil war.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 3:33-34.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>David never wanted to hurt Saul's family. Isbosheth criticized Abner and Abner became angry. He decided to help David become king of all of Israel. Abner came and made a treaty with David. As he left, Joab arrived and told him he wanted to talk to him and he murdered Abner. David was very unhappy that Abner had been killed.<br>
2SA 3 1 sq7q writing-background 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Samuel gives information about the war between David and the supporters of Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2SA 3 1 u6f1 0 house Here "house" is used to mean "supporters."
2SA 3 1 lag1 figs-metaphor 0 grew stronger and stronger This metaphor means the number of people supporting David increased. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 3 38 wxn9 figs-hendiadys 0 a prince and a great man These two phrases both refer to Abner. Alternate translation: "a great prince" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
2SA 3 39 e6ux translate-names 0 Zeruiah This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 3 39 bw2y 0 are too brutal "are too much like animals" or "are too violent"
2SA 4 intro hm82 0 # 2 Samuel 04 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>While the end of the civil war occurs in this chapter, David still only reigned over Judah (1-4).<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### David and Ishbosheth<br>David never sought revenge against Saul's family. When two men snuck into Ishbosheth's room, cut off his head and brought it to David, David had them killed for killing an innocent man. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])<br><br>### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>#### Rhetorical questions<br>When two men brought Ishbosheth's head to David and expected to get a reward for it, David condemned them with the rhetorical question: "should I not now require his blood from your hand, and remove you from the earth?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/condemn]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]])<br>
2SA 4 intro hm82 0 # 2 Samuel 04 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>While the end of the civil war occurs in this chapter, David still only reigned over Judah (1-4).<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### David and Ishbosheth<br>David never sought revenge against Saul's family. When two men snuck into Ishbosheth's room, cut off his head and brought it to David, David had them killed for killing an innocent man. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>When two men brought Ishbosheth's head to David and expected to get a reward for it, David condemned them with the rhetorical question: "should I not now require his blood from your hand, and remove you from the earth?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/condemn]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]])<br>
2SA 4 1 jmf8 translate-names 0 Ishbosheth This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 4 1 jnb3 figs-synecdoche 0 his hands became weak In this phrase "his hands" represents Ishbosheth himself. Alternate translation: "Ishbosheth became weak" or "Ishbosheth lost all strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA 4 2 zhe1 translate-names 0 Baanah ... Recab ... Rimmon These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 4 11 pl52 figs-metonymy 0 require his blood from your hand The phrase "his blood" represents the life of Ishbosheth. Here "from your hand" represents Rechab and Baanah, the sons of Rimmon the Beerothite, introduced in [2 Samuel 4:5](./05.md). Alternate translation: "hold you responsible for the death of Ishbosheth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 4 12 b1ep translate-symaction 0 cut off their hands and feet and hung them up These were symbolic actions to show contempt for the men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2SA 4 12 a16g translate-symaction 0 they took the head of Ishbosheth and buried it in the grave This was a symbolic act to honor Ishbosheth. This could be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: "they honored Ishbosheth by burying his head in the grave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2SA 5 intro jv2a 0 # 2 Samuel 05 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>This records the beginning of the kingdom's expansion.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### David conquers Jerusalem<br>David brought the combined army to Jerusalem and conquered it by going in through the water shaft. He enlarged the city and strengthened the defenses, and made it his capital. Jerusalem is an important place in the plans of God.<br><br>#### David consulting God<br>David always consulted God before fighting a battle. The Philistines invaded Israel trying to capture David. David asked God if he should attack the Philistines, and God said yes; so he defeated them. They invaded again and God told him to attack them from the rear and he defeated them again.<br>
2SA 5 intro jv2a 0 # 2 Samuel 05 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This records the beginning of the kingdom's expansion.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### David conquers Jerusalem<br>David brought the combined army to Jerusalem and conquered it by going in through the water shaft. He enlarged the city and strengthened the defenses, and made it his capital. Jerusalem is an important place in the plans of God.<br><br>### David consulting God<br>David always consulted God before fighting a battle. The Philistines invaded Israel trying to capture David. David asked God if he should attack the Philistines, and God said yes; so he defeated them. They invaded again and God told him to attack them from the rear and he defeated them again.<br>
2SA 5 1 qs6r figs-idiom 0 we are your flesh and bone This phrase means "a relative." Alternate translation: "we are related to you" or "we are of the same family" - (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA 5 2 h5dx writing-background 0 In the recent past This is historical information. Saul had been their king before David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2SA 5 2 fr5e figs-parallelism 0 You will shepherd my people Israel, and you will become ruler over Israel These two clauses mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh had chosen David to be king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 5 24 vp29 figs-123person 0 When you hear ... Yahweh will have gone out before you to attack the army of the Philistines This is the continuation of Yahweh's instruction to David that began in [2 Samuel 5:23](../05/23.md). Yahweh here speaks of himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2SA 5 24 ccz2 figs-metaphor 0 When you hear the sound of marching in the wind blowing through the balsam treetops This speaks of the sound of the leaves rustling as wind blows through them as if it were the sound of marching. Alternate translation: "When the wind blowing through the tops of the balsam trees sounds like men marching" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 5 25 z8t1 translate-names 0 Geba ... Gezer These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 6 intro aen5 0 # 2 Samuel 06 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Bringing the Ark of the Covenant to Jerusalem<br>David organized a procession with many musical instruments to bring the ark to Jerusalem. They put it on a cart; but when the oxen stumbled, Uzzah reached out to steady it so it would not fall. God killed him for touching the ark. David was angry at God for killing Uzzah and was afraid to bring the ark any further. Uzzah died because the ark was perfectly holy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])<br><br>#### Dancing<br>David danced for joy in front of the ark. His wife, Michal, criticized David for uncovering himself as he danced, but David did not care. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/joy]])<br><br>### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>#### Irony<br>Michal criticized David by using irony: "How honored the king of Israel was today, who undressed himself today before the eyes of the slave girls among his servants, like one of the crude fellows who shamelessly undresses himself!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])<br>
2SA 6 intro aen5 0 # 2 Samuel 06 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Bringing the Ark of the Covenant to Jerusalem<br>David organized a procession with many musical instruments to bring the ark to Jerusalem. They put it on a cart; but when the oxen stumbled, Uzzah reached out to steady it so it would not fall. God killed him for touching the ark. David was angry at God for killing Uzzah and was afraid to bring the ark any further. Uzzah died because the ark was perfectly holy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])<br><br>### Dancing<br>David danced for joy in front of the ark. His wife, Michal, criticized David for uncovering himself as he danced, but David did not care. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/joy]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Irony<br>Michal criticized David by using irony: "How honored the king of Israel was today, who undressed himself today before the eyes of the slave girls among his servants, like one of the crude fellows who shamelessly undresses himself!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])<br>
2SA 6 1 prk3 0 Now This word marks a new part of the story.
2SA 6 1 dz26 figs-metonymy 0 all the chosen men of Israel This metonym represents the army of the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 6 1 f7cl translate-numbers 0 thirty thousand "30,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 6 22 y1pu figs-metonymy 0 I will be humiliated in my own eyes Here "in my own eyes" represents what a person considers or thinks about something. Alternate translation: "I will consider myself humiliated" or "I will consider myself a fool" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 6 22 ifj3 figs-activepassive 0 But by these slave girls you have spoken about, I will be honored This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "But the slave girls of whom you have spoken will honor me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA 6 23 cjq6 0 had no children to the day of her death "was never able to bear any children"
2SA 7 intro c6fb 0 # 2 Samuel 07 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>This is the finishing of a small interruption about the house of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/houseofgod]])<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>David wanted to honor God by building him a temple. God told David that he would not build it, but his son would build it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>#### Covenant of David<br>God made a covenant with David that was not conditioned upon anything David or his descendants did. God promised that one of David's descendants would rule Israel forever. Because Israel would not have a king in the future, this promise did not begin at this time. The descendant, who would rule forever, is Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])<br>
2SA 7 intro c6fb 0 # 2 Samuel 07 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This is the finishing of a small interruption about the house of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/houseofgod]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>David wanted to honor God by building him a temple. God told David that he would not build it, but his son would build it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>### Covenant of David<br>God made a covenant with David that was not conditioned upon anything David or his descendants did. God promised that one of David's descendants would rule Israel forever. Because Israel would not have a king in the future, this promise did not begin at this time. The descendant, who would rule forever, is Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])<br>
2SA 7 1 cu7z writing-newevent 0 It happened This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
2SA 7 1 r5ag figs-abstractnouns 0 given him rest from all his surrounding enemies "given him safety from all his surrounding enemies." Here "rest" is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: "caused the enemy people groups to stop attacking Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2SA 7 2 chf8 figs-explicit 0 I am living in a house of cedar Cedar is a kind of tree that is known for its strength. If you have an equivalent type of tree in your culture, you can use that name, otherwise you can reword this. Alternate translation: "I am living in a strong, permanent house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 7 28 pvq1 0 your words are trustworthy "I trust what you say"
2SA 7 29 n6ik figs-activepassive 0 with your blessing your servant's house will be blessed forever This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "you will continue to bless my family forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA 7 29 k3a5 figs-123person 0 your servant's house Here David refers to himself as "your servant." Alternate translation: "my house" or "my family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2SA 8 intro hc4j 0 # 2 Samuel 08 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter returns to the theme of the expansion of David's kingdom.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### God enabled victory<br>God enabled David to conquer all the surrounding nations. Much of the loot and tribute David received, he saved for the temple that his son would build.<br>
2SA 8 intro hc4j 0 # 2 Samuel 08 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter returns to the theme of the expansion of David's kingdom.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God enabled victory<br>God enabled David to conquer all the surrounding nations. Much of the loot and tribute David received, he saved for the temple that his son would build.<br>
2SA 8 1 drj7 figs-synecdoche 0 David attacked Here David represents his soldiers. Alternate translation: "David and his soldiers attacked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA 8 2 xbr2 figs-synecdoche 0 Then he defeated Here "he" refers to David who represents his soldiers. Alternate translation: "Then they defeated" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA 8 2 tcx6 0 measured their men with a line ... He measured off two lines to put to death, and one full line to keep alive Here the "line" is a "rope." David had the soldiers lie down on the ground to be measured and sorted into three groups. The men in two groups were killed, and in the third, they were allowed to live.
@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 8 17 k3p5 translate-names 0 Ahitub ... Ahimelech ... Seraiah These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 8 18 gm1f translate-names 0 Benaiah ... Jehoiada These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 8 18 xxs8 translate-names 0 Kerethites ... Pelethites These are names of people-groups. These people were David's bodyguards. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 9 intro lwh6 0 # 2 Samuel 09 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is another interruption to the story of David expanding his kingdom. David is concerned with fulfilling his oath to Jonathan's descendants.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### David's vow<br>David determined to fulfill his vow to Jonathan to care for Jonathan's descendants. He found Jonathan's son and told him he would treat him as if he was one of his sons. He restored all of Saul's property to him and had him eat every day at the king's table. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])<br><br>### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>#### Rhetorical question and metaphor<br>Jonathan's son expressed his surprise and feeling of unworthiness with a rhetorical question: "What is your servant, that you should look with favor on such a dead dog as I am?" and by a metaphor comparing himself to "a dead dog." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
2SA 9 intro lwh6 0 # 2 Samuel 09 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is another interruption to the story of David expanding his kingdom. David is concerned with fulfilling his oath to Jonathan's descendants.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### David's vow<br>David determined to fulfill his vow to Jonathan to care for Jonathan's descendants. He found Jonathan's son and told him he would treat him as if he was one of his sons. He restored all of Saul's property to him and had him eat every day at the king's table. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical question and metaphor<br>Jonathan's son expressed his surprise and feeling of unworthiness with a rhetorical question: "What is your servant, that you should look with favor on such a dead dog as I am?" and by a metaphor comparing himself to "a dead dog." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
2SA 9 1 t1g1 0 for Jonathan's sake "because of my love for Jonathan"
2SA 9 1 cy22 0 Jonathan's sake Jonathan was Saul's son and David's best friend.
2SA 9 2 id7a translate-names 0 Ziba This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 9 12 u3qr figs-metonymy 0 All who lived in the house of Ziba Here "house" represents Ziba's family. Alternate translation: "All of Ziba's family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 9 13 caj8 figs-metonymy 0 he always ate at the king's table Here "table" represents being together with David or in his presence. Eating with the king at his table was a great honor. Alternate translation: "he always ate with the king at his table" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 9 13 du2g figs-metonymy 0 though he was lame in both his feet "thouge both of his feet were damaged." Here "feet" represents the ability to walk. Alternate translation: "though he was unable to walk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 10 intro abca 0 # 2 Samuel 10 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>The chapter records the last expansion of David's kingdom. This chapter is also the beginning of a section dealing with the war between Israel and Ammon.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Shame<br>It was apparently the cause of shame or embarrassment in ancient Ammon to have their beards shaved off or to have their garments cut off. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>#### Metaphor<br>The Ammon people used a metaphor comparing themselves to a bad smell: "they had become a stench to David" when they realized they had made David very angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
2SA 10 intro abca 0 # 2 Samuel 10 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The chapter records the last expansion of David's kingdom. This chapter is also the beginning of a section dealing with the war between Israel and Ammon.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Shame<br>It was apparently the cause of shame or embarrassment in ancient Ammon to have their beards shaved off or to have their garments cut off. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br>The Ammon people used a metaphor comparing themselves to a bad smell: "they had become a stench to David" when they realized they had made David very angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
2SA 10 1 g3zs translate-names 0 Hanun This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 10 2 k9r2 translate-names 0 Hanun ... Nahash These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 10 3 r4at figs-rquestion 0 Do you really think that ... you? The leaders use a question to suggest to the king that he should not trust David. Alternate translation: "You are wrong to think that ... you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 10 18 s2lg 0 Shobak See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 10:16](../10/16.md).
2SA 10 19 s2mk 0 Hadarezer See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 10:16](../10/16.md).
2SA 10 19 dzd4 figs-activepassive 0 saw that they were defeated by Israel This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "realized that the Israelites had defeated them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA 11 intro abcb 0 # 2 Samuel 11 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a new section of David's life. God punished David by allowing his family to have many problems.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### David's adultery and the murder of Uriah<br>The army of Israel defeated the army of Ammon and then they besieged Ammon's capital while David stayed in Jerusalem. One day, David saw a beautiful woman, named Bathsheba, bathing. He committed adultery with her. When she became pregnant, David tried to cover up his sin. When this did not work, he had her husband killed in battle. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
2SA 11 intro abcb 0 # 2 Samuel 11 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a new section of David's life. God punished David by allowing his family to have many problems.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### David's adultery and the murder of Uriah<br>The army of Israel defeated the army of Ammon and then they besieged Ammon's capital while David stayed in Jerusalem. One day, David saw a beautiful woman, named Bathsheba, bathing. He committed adultery with her. When she became pregnant, David tried to cover up his sin. When this did not work, he had her husband killed in battle. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
2SA 11 1 eqn9 writing-newevent 0 It came about in the springtime "It happened in the springtime." This introduces a new event in the story line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
2SA 11 1 jf4r 0 at the time "at the time of year"
2SA 11 1 a4ds figs-explicit 0 David sent out Joab, his servants, and all the army of Israel David sent them out to war. This can be stated clearly. Also, the word "his" refers to David. Alternate translation: "David sent Joab, his servants, and all the army of Israel to war" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -523,7 +523,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 11 27 d34z 0 sorrow a deep feeling of sadness caused by suffering, disappointment or misfortune
2SA 11 27 d21w figs-idiom 0 David sent and took her home Here the word "sent" means that he sent a messenger to get her and bring her to him. Alternate translation: "David sent a messenger to her to bring her home" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 11 27 cq8x 0 displeased Yahweh "saddened Yahweh" or "angered Yahweh"
2SA 12 intro abcc 0 # 2 Samuel 12 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>This is the final expansion of David's kingdom and records the end of the war with Ammon.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### David's punishment<br>God sent a prophet to confront David. He said that because David had Uriah killed, there would always be killing in his family and that the baby conceived with Bathsheba would die. David prayed that the baby be allowed to live, but the infant died. Bathsheba then had another son, who was named Solomon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
2SA 12 intro abcc 0 # 2 Samuel 12 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This is the final expansion of David's kingdom and records the end of the war with Ammon.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### David's punishment<br>God sent a prophet to confront David. He said that because David had Uriah killed, there would always be killing in his family and that the baby conceived with Bathsheba would die. David prayed that the baby be allowed to live, but the infant died. Bathsheba then had another son, who was named Solomon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
2SA 12 3 jfa8 0 ewe lamb a female lamb
2SA 12 3 wd4g figs-simile 0 was like a daughter to him This refers to the closeness of this man and his little lamb. Alternate translation: "he loved it as much as if it were one of his daughters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2SA 12 4 vv6b 0 ewe lamb a young, female sheep
@ -594,7 +594,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 12 31 ya1w 0 saws, iron picks, and axes These are tools to cut wood or break up the ground.
2SA 12 31 tl3i 0 brick kilns ovens where bricks are dried and hardened
2SA 12 31 ew58 figs-metonymy 0 all the cities of the people of Ammon This refers to the people in the cities. Alternate translation: "all the people of the cites of Ammon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 13 intro abcd 0 # 2 Samuel 13 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins the story about the difficulties and killings in David's family. David's sin caused these problems in his family. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Amnon raped Absalom's sister<br>Amnon raped Absalom's sister, who was his own half-sister. David did nothing to punish him and David's lack of action caused significant problems in his family and in Israel. This eventually caused Solomon to become king, even though he was not the oldest son.<br>
2SA 13 intro abcd 0 # 2 Samuel 13 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins the story about the difficulties and killings in David's family. David's sin caused these problems in his family. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Amnon raped Absalom's sister<br>Amnon raped Absalom's sister, who was his own half-sister. David did nothing to punish him and David's lack of action caused significant problems in his family and in Israel. This eventually caused Solomon to become king, even though he was not the oldest son.<br>
2SA 13 1 e2ti writing-newevent 0 It came about after this "It happened after this." This phrase is used to introduce a new event to the story line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
2SA 13 1 tup1 0 half-sister Amnon and Tamar shared the same father but not the same mother.
2SA 13 1 fj5k 0 full sister Absalom and Tamar shared the same father and mother.
@ -665,7 +665,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 13 38 pbz9 0 where he was for three years "where he stayed for three years"
2SA 13 39 ky6u figs-synecdoche 0 The mind of King David longed Here David is referred to by his mind to emphasize his thoughts. Alternate translation: "King David longed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA 13 39 t9kb 0 for he was comforted concerning Amnon and his death "because he was no longer grieving about Amnon being dead." This refers to three years after Absalom fled to Geshur.
2SA 14 intro abce 0 # 2 Samuel 14 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Reconciliation<br>David missed his son, Absalom, who was in exile. Joab summons a wise woman to reconcile David and Absalom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reconcile]])<br><br>### Important figures of speech used in this chapter<br><br>#### Parable<br><br>The wise woman uses a type of parable to convince David that his actions were wrong. He treated a stranger worse than he treated his own son. This hypothetical situation was intended to convict David of his sin. She uses David's own words against him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
2SA 14 intro abce 0 # 2 Samuel 14 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Reconciliation<br>David missed his son, Absalom, who was in exile. Joab summons a wise woman to reconcile David and Absalom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reconcile]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech used in this chapter<br><br>### Parable<br><br>The wise woman uses a type of parable to convince David that his actions were wrong. He treated a stranger worse than he treated his own son. This hypothetical situation was intended to convict David of his sin. She uses David's own words against him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
2SA 14 1 c5gz 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author tells about a new person in the story.
2SA 14 1 zlp2 0 Zeruiah See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/13.md).
2SA 14 1 nt9e 0 perceived This means Joab discerned or understood what David was thinking.
@ -742,7 +742,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 14 32 ehw7 figs-synecdoche 0 the king's face Here "king's face" refers to the king himself. Alternate translation: "the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA 14 33 xix9 translate-symaction 0 bowed low to the ground before the king Absalom is showing respect to the king. Alternate translation: "bowed low to the ground to honor the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2SA 14 33 lr12 figs-explicit 0 the king kissed Absalom This implies that the king forgave and restored Absalom. The full meaning of this can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2SA 15 intro abcf 0 # 2 Samuel 15 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins the story of Absalom's attempted revolt.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Absalom's conspiracy<br>For four years, Absalom made many allies in an attempt to make himself king. This is why he acted as a judge for the people. Since this was all done in secret, it is called a "conspiracy." David found out and fled with those in the army who were loyal to him.<br><br>### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>#### Metaphor<br>The author used the metaphor of a thief to describe how Absalom was able to win people's loyalty: "So Absalom stole the hearts of the men of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
2SA 15 intro abcf 0 # 2 Samuel 15 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins the story of Absalom's attempted revolt.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Absalom's conspiracy<br>For four years, Absalom made many allies in an attempt to make himself king. This is why he acted as a judge for the people. Since this was all done in secret, it is called a "conspiracy." David found out and fled with those in the army who were loyal to him.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br>The author used the metaphor of a thief to describe how Absalom was able to win people's loyalty: "So Absalom stole the hearts of the men of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
2SA 15 1 m44b writing-newevent 0 It came about This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
2SA 15 1 a4qh translate-symaction 0 with fifty men to run before him These men would run in front of the chariot to honor Absalom. Alternate translation: "with fifty men to run before him to honor him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2SA 15 2 f1j6 0 Your servant When a man would respond to Absalom's question he would refer to himself as "your servant" to honor Absalom.
@ -809,7 +809,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 15 35 rkm7 figs-hyperbole 0 whatever you hear This is a generalization. It means all of the important and insightful things that he hears, not every single word he hears. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2SA 15 36 yg9d translate-names 0 Ahimaaz ... Jonathan These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 15 36 z36k figs-synecdoche 0 by their hand The phrase "their hand" refers to the sons and means that they were to serve as messengers. Alternate translation: "their sons to tell me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA 16 intro abcg 0 # 2 Samuel 16 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Absalom seeks advice from David's advisers<br>David's best adviser, Ahithophel, told Absalom to publicly seduce the concubines that David had left to take care of the palace. Because the concubines were the king's property, having sexual relations with a king's concubines implied that Absalom was now the king. This would show the people that the break with David was complete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br>#### Simile<br>To show how seriously people took Ahithophel's advice, the author used a [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] comparing his advice to God's advice. "Now the advice of Ahithophel that he gave in those days was as if a man heard from the mouth of God himself."<br>
2SA 16 intro abcg 0 # 2 Samuel 16 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Absalom seeks advice from David's advisers<br>David's best adviser, Ahithophel, told Absalom to publicly seduce the concubines that David had left to take care of the palace. Because the concubines were the king's property, having sexual relations with a king's concubines implied that Absalom was now the king. This would show the people that the break with David was complete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br>### Simile<br>To show how seriously people took Ahithophel's advice, the author used a [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] comparing his advice to God's advice. "Now the advice of Ahithophel that he gave in those days was as if a man heard from the mouth of God himself."<br>
2SA 16 1 uv2h translate-names 0 Ziba This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 16 1 rzt4 0 Mephibosheth See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md).
2SA 16 1 eex7 translate-numbers 0 two hundred loaves ... one hundred clusters ... one hundred bunches "200 loaves ... 100 clusters ... 100 bunches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
@ -872,7 +872,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 16 23 qt97 figs-synecdoche 0 as if a man heard from the mouth of God himself Here God's mouth represents himself and emphasizes his speech. Alternate translation: "as if God had said it with his own mouth" or "as if a man heard it spoken by God himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
2SA 16 23 jqr6 0 all of Ahithophel's advice was viewed by both David and Absalom This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "both David and Absalom viewed all of Ahithophel's advice"
2SA 16 23 p2g1 0 was viewed "was thought of"
2SA 17 intro abch 0 # 2 Samuel 17 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Confusion<br>Ahithophel gives good advise to Absalom, but Hushai confuses Absalom. God is using the misleading advice to protect David, his king.<br>
2SA 17 intro abch 0 # 2 Samuel 17 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Confusion<br>Ahithophel gives good advise to Absalom, but Hushai confuses Absalom. God is using the misleading advice to protect David, his king.<br>
2SA 17 1 jz1q translate-names 0 Ahithophel See how you translated this man's name in [2 Samuel 15:12](../15/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 17 1 y3kl translate-numbers 0 twelve thousand men "12,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA 17 1 xpm7 0 arise and "begin to"
@ -953,7 +953,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 17 28 s9d6 0 lentils a kind of seed that is cooked and eaten
2SA 17 29 vx1d 0 curds milk that has soured and become solid
2SA 17 29 hpg5 0 thirsty in need of water or some other drink
2SA 18 intro abci 0 # 2 Samuel 18 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter tells of the defeat and death of Absalom, ending this section on Absalom's rebellion.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### David's mercy<br>David reorganized his army and sent them out to battle, but told them to be merciful to Absalom. When David's army defeated Absalom's army, Absalom fled on a mule, but his hair caught in a tree limb and the mule ran on, leaving him hanging. One of David's soldiers saw him and told Joab. Joab went and killed him. When David heard about this he mourned for his son, Absalom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]])<br>
2SA 18 intro abci 0 # 2 Samuel 18 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter tells of the defeat and death of Absalom, ending this section on Absalom's rebellion.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### David's mercy<br>David reorganized his army and sent them out to battle, but told them to be merciful to Absalom. When David's army defeated Absalom's army, Absalom fled on a mule, but his hair caught in a tree limb and the mule ran on, leaving him hanging. One of David's soldiers saw him and told Joab. Joab went and killed him. When David heard about this he mourned for his son, Absalom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]])<br>
2SA 18 1 y2u4 figs-metonymy 0 David counted the soldiers who were with him and appointed David did not count all of the people himself, rather other men counted them. Alternate translation: "David commanded for the soldiers who were with him to be counted and he appointed" or "David arranged the soldiers who were with him and appointed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 18 1 qt9x translate-numbers 0 captains of thousands and captains of hundreds Possible meanings are 1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these captains led. Alternate translation: "captains of 1,000 soldiers and captains of 100 soldiers" or 2) the words translated as "thousands" and "hundreds" do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: "captains of large military divisions and captains of smaller military divisions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA 18 1 pa96 0 captains A captain is a person who is in authority over a group of soldiers.
@ -1019,7 +1019,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 18 31 e1tf figs-idiom 0 rose up against This means to oppose. Alternate translation: "opposed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2SA 18 32 s9h4 figs-simile 0 The enemies of my master the king, ... should be as that young man is The Cushite uses a comparison as a polite way to tell the king that Absalom is dead. This can be stated more directly. Alternate translation: "I would like all your enemies ... to die the way that young man died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2SA 18 33 la2k 0 was deeply unnerved "was very unhappy" or "was trembling with grief"
2SA 19 intro abcj 0 # 2 Samuel 19 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### David told to stop mourning Absalom<br>Joab warned David that if he continued to mourn Absalom and not thank his army, they would all desert him. So David went out to encourage the soldiers. David was both a good father and a good leader.<br><br>#### David made king again<br>This chapter record the recognition that David was the true king of Israel. It is important to remember that even though Absalom had power for a while, David never stopped being the king.<br><br>#### The ten tribes and Judah argue over David<br>The ten tribes of Israel argued with the tribe of Judah about who would bring David across the river. The men of Judah answered the ten tribes very harshly. This may foreshadow, or give a glimpse of, the future civil war that would come to divide these two groups.<br><br>### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>#### Rhetorical questions<br>The people wanted David back as their king and expressed it in a rhetorical question: "So why are we not talking about bringing the king back?" David also used a question to persuade the people of Judah to bring him back: "You are my brothers, my flesh and bone. Why then are you the last to bring back the king?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br>
2SA 19 intro abcj 0 # 2 Samuel 19 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### David told to stop mourning Absalom<br>Joab warned David that if he continued to mourn Absalom and not thank his army, they would all desert him. So David went out to encourage the soldiers. David was both a good father and a good leader.<br><br>### David made king again<br>This chapter record the recognition that David was the true king of Israel. It is important to remember that even though Absalom had power for a while, David never stopped being the king.<br><br>### The ten tribes and Judah argue over David<br>The ten tribes of Israel argued with the tribe of Judah about who would bring David across the river. The men of Judah answered the ten tribes very harshly. This may foreshadow, or give a glimpse of, the future civil war that would come to divide these two groups.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>The people wanted David back as their king and expressed it in a rhetorical question: "So why are we not talking about bringing the king back?" David also used a question to persuade the people of Judah to bring him back: "You are my brothers, my flesh and bone. Why then are you the last to bring back the king?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br>
2SA 19 1 wl3f figs-activepassive 0 Joab was told This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Someone told Joab" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA 19 1 ggg6 0 Look, the king is weeping The word "Look" is used here to draw someone's attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: "Listen, the king is weeping"
2SA 19 2 jq6i figs-explicit 0 So the victory that day was turned into mourning for all the army This means that the whole army mourned instead of celebrating. AT "So instead of celebrating victory that day, the whole army mourned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -1112,7 +1112,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 19 43 vc2s figs-rquestion 0 Why then did you despise us? The men of Israel ask this rhetorical question to express their anger. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "You should not have despised us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 43 vlb7 figs-rquestion 0 Was not our proposal to bring back our king the first to be heard? The men of Israel ask this question to remind and rebuke the people of Judah. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "We were the first to suggest that we bring back the king!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2SA 19 43 el5k 0 the words of the men of Judah were even more harsh than the words of the men of Israel "the men of Judah spoke even more harshly than the men of Israel did"
2SA 20 intro abck 0 # 2 Samuel 20 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Sheba's revolt<br>A man named Sheba told the people of the ten tribes that David was Judah's king, but not their king. David worked hard to preserve unity in Israel after this time of division.<br><br>### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>#### Idiom<br>Joab used an idiom "has lifted up his hand against the king, against David" meaning "revolted against David," to explain why his army was attacking the city of Able. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])<br>
2SA 20 intro abck 0 # 2 Samuel 20 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sheba's revolt<br>A man named Sheba told the people of the ten tribes that David was Judah's king, but not their king. David worked hard to preserve unity in Israel after this time of division.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Idiom<br>Joab used an idiom "has lifted up his hand against the king, against David" meaning "revolted against David," to explain why his army was attacking the city of Able. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])<br>
2SA 20 1 fz8c 0 to be at the same place This refers to the town of Gilgal.
2SA 20 1 a6ci translate-names 0 Sheba ... Bikri These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 20 1 l45i figs-parallelism 0 We have no part in David, neither have we any inheritance in the son of Jesse Both of these statements mean the same thing. Sheba is emphasizing that he and the tribes of Israel have no relationship with David. Alternate translation: "The inheritance of David and his father's family does not belong to us" or "We are not a part of David and his father's family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -1178,7 +1178,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 20 25 pjz3 translate-names 0 Sheva This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 20 26 w67i translate-names 0 Ira This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 20 26 qk9a translate-names 0 Jairite This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 21 intro abcl 0 # 2 Samuel 21 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Famine caused by a broken oath<br>When Israel first conquered the land, they promised not to kill the people of Gibeon. When Saul tried to kill them all, God caused a famine in Israel. David made amends with the people of Gideon and the famine ended. David also kept his vow to Jonathan's sons. This helps to show the wisdom of king David. Although these people were not Israelites, they believed in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])<br><br>#### Wisdom, grace and justice<br>David is seen to have many great qualities in this chapter. These were qualities important for a king of Israel: wisdom, grace and justice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br>
2SA 21 intro abcl 0 # 2 Samuel 21 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Famine caused by a broken oath<br>When Israel first conquered the land, they promised not to kill the people of Gibeon. When Saul tried to kill them all, God caused a famine in Israel. David made amends with the people of Gideon and the famine ended. David also kept his vow to Jonathan's sons. This helps to show the wisdom of king David. Although these people were not Israelites, they believed in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])<br><br>### Wisdom, grace and justice<br>David is seen to have many great qualities in this chapter. These were qualities important for a king of Israel: wisdom, grace and justice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br>
2SA 21 1 yc9z figs-synecdoche 0 sought the face of Yahweh Here "face" is a synecdoche for Yahweh's presence. This means David prayed to Yahweh for an answer about the famine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2SA 21 1 f1fs 0 because of Saul and his murderous family Saul had killed many Gibeonites, and Saul's descendants are guilty because of this sin.
2SA 21 2 j82w writing-background 0 Now Here "Now" marks a break in the main story line. This gives background information about the Gibeonites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
@ -1223,7 +1223,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 21 20 cka4 translate-names 0 Rephaim This people group was known for its giant warriors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 21 21 j56u translate-names 0 Jonathan son of Shimeah These are names of men. Shimeah was David's brother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 21 22 mqg8 figs-idiom 0 they were killed by the hand of David and by the hand of his soldiers Here "by the hand of" means "through" or "by." This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "David and his soldiers killed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2SA 22 intro abcm 0 # 2 Samuel 22 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 22:2-51.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### God rescued David<br>God rescued David when he thought he would die. He protected David, fought against his enemies, and enabled him to defeat his enemies.<br><br>### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>#### Metaphor<br>David uses many metaphors to express his trust in God's protection: "my rock, my fortress, my shield, the horn of my salvation, my stronghold and my refuge." He used other metaphors to express his hopelessness: "the waves of death surrounded me," "the rushing waters of worthlessness overwhelmed me," "the cords of sheol surrounded me;" "the snares of death trapped me," and "the surging water." He also used metaphors for the victory God gave him: "I can run over a barricade" and "by my God I can leap over a wall." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br>
2SA 22 intro abcm 0 # 2 Samuel 22 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 22:2-51.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God rescued David<br>God rescued David when he thought he would die. He protected David, fought against his enemies, and enabled him to defeat his enemies.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br>David uses many metaphors to express his trust in God's protection: "my rock, my fortress, my shield, the horn of my salvation, my stronghold and my refuge." He used other metaphors to express his hopelessness: "the waves of death surrounded me," "the rushing waters of worthlessness overwhelmed me," "the cords of sheol surrounded me;" "the snares of death trapped me," and "the surging water." He also used metaphors for the victory God gave him: "I can run over a barricade" and "by my God I can leap over a wall." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br>
2SA 22 1 vx4y figs-parallelism 0 General Information: David's song to Yahweh starts. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2SA 22 1 sh9l 0 out of the hand of all his enemies, and out of the hand of Saul This is a progression from enemies in general to one specific enemy of David, King Saul.
2SA 22 1 gzu9 figs-metonymy 0 out of the hand of This metonym means "out of the power of." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1331,7 +1331,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 22 50 r7zu 0 General Information: David concludes his song to Yahweh.
2SA 22 50 qk4d figs-metonymy 0 to your name Here the metonym "name" refers to Yahweh's reputation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2SA 22 51 fz6y 0 he shows his covenant loyalty to his anointed one Here David may be referring to the promises Yahweh made in [2 Samuel 7:8](../07/08.md)
2SA 23 intro abcn 0 # 2 Samuel 23 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 23:2-7.<br><br>2 Samuel 23:8-39 is a list of the famous people in David's army along with some of the special deeds some of them did. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]])<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Everlasting covenant<br>This is a reference to the covenant God previously made with David. (See: [2 Samuel 7](../07/01.md), [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]).<br>
2SA 23 intro abcn 0 # 2 Samuel 23 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 23:2-7.<br><br>2 Samuel 23:8-39 is a list of the famous people in David's army along with some of the special deeds some of them did. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Everlasting covenant<br>This is a reference to the covenant God previously made with David. (See: [2 Samuel 7](../07/01.md), [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]).<br>
2SA 23 1 jk1i 0 Now This marks the beginning of a new section of the book.
2SA 23 1 lw9i 0 these are the last words This refers to what David will say in 2 Samuel 23:2-7.
2SA 23 1 hvt1 figs-activepassive 0 the man who was highly honored, the one anointed by the God of Jacob This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the man whom the God of Jacob highly honored and anointed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -1391,7 +1391,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2SA 23 33 en3j translate-names 0 General Information: This continues the list of David's greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 23 37 ud59 translate-names 0 General Information: This concludes the list of David's greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2SA 23 39 t6d8 translate-numbers 0 thirty-seven in all "there were 37 total" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2SA 24 intro abco 0 # 2 Samuel 24 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Counting soldiers<br>David ordered the leaders of his army to count how many men of fighting age there were. He was not supposed to do this because it showed he did not trust God. God was displeased and offered David three punishments. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br>
2SA 24 intro abco 0 # 2 Samuel 24 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Counting soldiers<br>David ordered the leaders of his army to count how many men of fighting age there were. He was not supposed to do this because it showed he did not trust God. God was displeased and offered David three punishments. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br>
2SA 24 1 c86d figs-metaphor 0 the anger of Yahweh was ignited against Israel The word "ignite" means start a fire. Here Yahweh's anger is compared to that of a fire. Alternate translation: "the anger of Yahweh started to burn like a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2SA 24 1 dq6l 0 he moved David against them "he caused David to oppose them"
2SA 24 1 x6eq figs-explicit 0 Go, count Israel and Judah In the law of Moses, God prohibited the kings of Israel from taking a census of fighting men. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

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