Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
RUT front intro f68r 0 # Introduction to Ruth<br><br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of Ruth<br><br>1. How Ruth came to Bethlehem with Naomi (1:1–22)<br>1. Boaz helps Ruth as she gleans (2:1–23)<br>1. Boaz and Ruth at the threshing floor (3:1–18)<br>1. How Ruth became the wife of Boaz (4:1–16)<br>1. Obed born to Ruth and Boaz; the genealogy of David (4:13–22)<br><br>### What is the Book of Ruth about?<br><br>This book is about a non-Israelite woman named Ruth. It tells how she came to join the people of Yahweh. The book also explains how Ruth became an ancestor of King David.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>This book traditionally has the title **Ruth** because she is the main person in it. Translators can use a title such as **The Book about Ruth**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>### When did the events in the Book of Ruth occur?<br><br>The story of Ruth is set during the time when there were **judges** in Israel. This was after the people of Israel had entered into the land of Canaan, but before they had a king. The “judges” were men and women whom God chose to help the Israelites defeat their enemies. These leaders usually continued to help the people by deciding disputes among them. They also helped them make important decisions. Many of these leaders served all the people of Israel, but some of them may have served only certain tribes.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### Why does Scripture include a book about a woman from the foreign land of Moab?<br><br>In a period when Israel was often unfaithful to Yahweh, a woman from Moab shows great faith in him. The Israelites’ frequent lack of faith in Yahweh is contrasted with the faith of this woman from a foreign land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])<br><br>### What important marriage custom is found in the Book of Ruth?<br><br>Israelites practiced what is called **levirate marriage**. In this custom, the closest male relative of a man who died without any children was obligated to provide for his widow by marrying her. Usually this would be one of the man’s brothers. Any children born to them were to be regarded as children of the dead man. They did this so that the dead man would have descendants. If the closest relative did not marry the woman, another relative could fulfil this obligation.<br><br>### What was a **kinsman-redeemer**?<br><br>A person’s close relative or relatives were expected to act as **kinsmen-redeemers** (2:20 ULT) for him or her. They were responsible to provide for a relative in need, fulfil obligations of **levirate marriage**, and buy back land into the family that had been sold to someone outside of the family. In the Book of Ruth, Boaz is one such kinsman-redeemer.<br><br>### What was **gleaning** in the Book of Ruth?<br><br>In Israel, poor people were allowed to follow after the men who harvested a field. These **gleaners** picked up stalks of grain that the harvesters missed or dropped. In this way, poor people were able to find some food. Ruth became a gleaner in a field belonging to Boaz.<br><br>### What is covenant faithfulness or covenant loyalty?<br><br>A covenant is a formal, binding agreement between two parties that one or both parties must fulfill. Covenant faithfulness or covenant loyalty is when a person does what they said they would do, according to the covenant that they had made. God made a covenant with Israel, in which he promised that he would love and be faithful to the Israelites. The Israelites were to do the same toward him and toward each other.<br><br>The Book of Ruth shows that what kinsmen-redeemers do for their relatives is part of Israel’s duties in God’s covenant with them. The story of Boaz, Ruth, and Naomi gives examples to all of Israel of the good effects of covenant faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]])<br><br>### What function did city gates have in the ancient Near East?<br><br>City gates in the time of Boaz were meeting pla
RUT 1 intro irf4 0 # Ruth 1 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>### **It happened in the days when the judges ruled**<br><br>The events of this book occur during the period of Judges. The book is concurrent with the book of Judges. To understand the historical context of the book, the translator may wish to review the book of Judges.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Women without a husband or children<br><br>In the ancient Near East, if a woman lacked a husband or sons, she was considered to be in a dire circumstance. She would not have been able to provide for herself. This is why Naomi told her daughters to remarry.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Contrast<br><br>The actions of Ruth the Moabite are intended to contrast with the actions of Naomi the Jew. Ruth shows great faith in Naomi’s God, while Naomi does not trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
RUT 1 1 sb2j writing-newevent וַיְהִ֗י 1 Now it happened that **Era** or **Esto fué lo que ocurrió**. Es una manera muy común de iniciar un relato histórico. (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
RUT 1 1 m9nl grammar-connect-time-simultaneous בִּימֵי֙ שְׁפֹ֣ט הַשֹּׁפְטִ֔ים 1 in the days of the ruling of the judges **durante la época en que los jueces dirigían y gobernaban Israel** (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])
RUT 1 1 nm13 figs-explicit בָּאָ֑רֶץ 1 in the land Se refiere a la tierra de Israel. Traducción alternativa: "en la tierra de Israel"(Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
RUT 1 1 mmb4 writing-participants אִ֜ישׁ 1 a certain man **un hombre**. Esta es una forma habitual de introducir un personaje en una historia.(Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
RUT 1 2 e53a אֶפְרָתִ֔ים מִבֵּ֥ית לֶ֖חֶם יְהוּדָ֑ה 1 who were Ephrathites from Bethlehem of Judah El nombre de **Efrateos** se refiere a las personas del clan de Efrata, que vivían en los alrededores de Belén. Traducción alternativa: "del clan de Efrata, de Belén, en Judá".
RUT 1 3 rxb1 הִ֖יא וּשְׁנֵ֥י בָנֶֽיהָ׃ 1 she was left, her and her two sons **A Noemí sólo le quedaban sus dos hijos**
RUT 1 4 pk7g figs-idiom וַיִּשְׂא֣וּ לָהֶ֗ם נָשִׁים֙ 1 they took wives for themselves **mujeres casadas**. Este es un modismo para referirse a las mujeres casadas. No tomaron mujeres que ya estaban casadas. (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
RUT 1 4 k7y9 מֹֽאֲבִיּ֔וֹת 1 from the women of Moab Los hijos de Noemí se casaron con mujeres de la tribu de Moab. Los moabitas adoraban a otros dioses.
RUT 1 4 aee6 שֵׁ֤ם הָֽאַחַת֙…וְשֵׁ֥ם הַשֵּׁנִ֖ית 1 the name of the first woman was … and the name of the second woman was **El nombre de una mujer era... el nombre de la otra mujer era...**
RUT 1 4 rt4c כְּעֶ֥שֶׂר שָׁנִֽים 1 for about ten years Unos diez años después de que Elimelek y Noemí llegaran al país de Moab, sus hijos Mahlon y Kilion murieron.
RUT 1 5 dbr3 וַתִּשָּׁאֵר֙ הָֽאִשָּׁ֔ה מִשְּׁנֵ֥י יְלָדֶ֖יהָ וּמֵאִישָֽׁהּ 1 the woman was left without her two children or her husband Noemí quedó viuda y sus dos hijos murieron.
RUT 1 6 u9q2 וְכַלֹּתֶ֔יהָ 1 her daughters-in-law las mujeres que se casaron con los hijos de Noemí
RUT 1 6 sa4z figs-explicit שָֽׁמְעָה֙ בִּשְׂדֵ֣ה מוֹאָ֔ב 1 she had heard in a field of Moab **Se había enterado cuando aún estaba en el país de Moab**. Se da a entender que la noticia vino de Israel. Traducción alternativa: "ella había oído de alguien que venía de Israel mientras estaba en la región de Moab" (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
RUT 1 6 ser2 יְהוָה֙ 1 Yahweh Este es el nombre de Dios que reveló a su pueblo en el Antiguo Testamento.
RUT 1 6 v86z פָקַ֤ד…אֶת־עַמּ֔וֹ 1 had visited his people Dios vio su necesidad y les proporcionó buenas cosechas. Traducción alternativa: "había ayudado a los israelitas"
RUT 1 6 ab01 figs-synecdoche לָתֵ֥ת לָהֶ֖ם לָֽחֶם׃ 1 giving them bread Pan se refiere aquí a la comida en general. Traducción alternativa: "dándoles abundantes cosechas, para que tuvieran abundante comida". (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
RUT 1 7 w7ti וַתֵּלַ֣כְנָה בַדֶּ֔רֶךְ 1 and they traveled down the road **Y caminaron por el camino**. Caminar por un camino significa recorrerlo a pie.
RUT 1 8 fu39 לִשְׁתֵּ֣י כַלֹּתֶ֔יהָ 1 her two daughters-in-law **las esposas de sus dos hijos** o **las viudas de sus dos hijos**
RUT 1 8 lxs2 figs-you אִשָּׁ֖ה 1 each woman Noemí se dirigía a dos personas, por lo que las lenguas que tienen una forma dual de **tú** la utilizarían a lo largo de su discurso.(Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
RUT 1 8 i262 חֶ֔סֶד 1 covenant faithfulness La **fidelidad al pacto** es lo que hace alguien que cumple con todas sus obligaciones y lealtades hacia otra persona. Véase la discusión en la introducción.
RUT 1 8 g4r8 figs-idiom עִם־הַמֵּתִ֖ים 1 with the dead **a sus maridos, que murieron**. Noemí se refería a sus dos hijos que habían muerto. (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
RUT 1 8 acb4 figs-nominaladj הַמֵּתִ֖ים 1 the dead **Sus maridos, que murieron** (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
RUT 1 9 pm6y יִתֵּ֤ן יְהוָה֙ לָכֶ֔ם וּמְצֶ֣אןָ 1 May Yahweh grant to you that you shall find **Que Yahweh te dé** o **Que Yahvé te permita tener**
RUT 1 9 c74v figs-metaphor וּמְצֶ֣אןָ מְנוּחָ֔ה 1 that you shall find rest **Descanso** aquí no se refiere a sentarse a descansar. Significa un lugar al que estas mujeres pertenecerían, un hogar para ellas, que incluiría la seguridad que viene a través del matrimonio.(Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
RUT 1 9 v2vx figs-metonymy בֵּ֣ית אִישָׁ֑הּ 1 in the house of her husband Esto significa con nuevos maridos, no con sus maridos anteriores que murieron o con el marido de otra persona. **Casa** se refiere tanto a la casa física que pertenece al marido, como a la protección contra la vergüenza y la pobreza que proporciona un marido. (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
RUT 1 9 t69w figs-idiom וַתִּשֶּׂ֥אנָה קוֹלָ֖ן וַתִּבְכֶּֽינָה 1 and they lifted up their voices and cried Levantar la voz es un modismo para hablar en voz alta. Las hijas lloraron en voz alta o lloraron amargamente.(Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
RUT 1 10 mag8 figs-exclusive נָשׁ֖וּב 1 we will return Cuando Orfa y Rut dijeron **nosotros**, se referían a ellas mismas y no a Noemí. Por lo tanto, los idiomas que tienen un **nosotros** inclusivo y exclusivo usarían la forma exclusiva aquí. (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
RUT 1 10 bq4j figs-you אִתָּ֥ךְ 1 with you Aquí **tú** es la forma singular que se refiere a Noemí.(Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
RUT 1 11 ggi3 figs-rquestion לָ֥מָּה תֵלַ֖כְנָה עִמִּ֑י 1 Why would you go with me? Esta es una pregunta retórica. Traducción alternativa: "No tiene sentido que vayas conmigo" o "No deberías ir conmigo". (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
RUT 1 11 q2hn figs-rquestion הַֽעֽוֹד־לִ֤י בָנִים֙ בְּֽמֵעַ֔י וְהָי֥וּ לָכֶ֖ם לַאֲנָשִֽׁים 1 Do I still have sons in my womb, that they may become your husbands? Esta es una pregunta retórica. Noemí utiliza esta pregunta para decir que no puede tener otros hijos para que se casen. Traducción alternativa: "Obviamente no es posible que tenga más hijos que puedan ser sus esposos". (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
RUT 1 12 dyc4 figs-explicit זָקַ֖נְתִּי מִהְי֣וֹת לְאִ֑ישׁ 1 I am too old to belong to a husband La razón por la que un marido sería importante puede ser expuesta claramente. Traducción alternativa: "Soy demasiado vieja para casarme de nuevo y tener más hijos" (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
RUT 1 12 abc1 figs-rquestion כִּ֤י אָמַ֨רְתִּי֙ יֶשׁ־לִ֣י תִקְוָ֔ה גַּ֣ם הָיִ֤יתִי הַלַּ֨יְלָה֙ לְאִ֔ישׁ וְגַ֖ם יָלַ֥דְתִּי בָנִֽים 1 If I said I have hope, if I belonged to a husband even tonight, and even if I would give birth to sons, Esta pregunta retórica comienza aquí y continúa en el siguiente versículo. Noemí utiliza esta pregunta para decir que no puede tener otros hijos para que se casen. Traducción alternativa: "Incluso si fuera posible que yo pudiera esperar casarme de inmediato y también dar a luz hijos de inmediato,..." (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
RUT 1 12 kh9g יָלַ֥דְתִּי בָנִֽים 1 would give birth to sons **tener hijos** o **entregar niños**
RUT 1 13 gmc2 figs-rquestion אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִגְדָּ֔לוּ הֲלָהֵן֙ תֵּֽעָגֵ֔נָה לְבִלְתִּ֖י הֱי֣וֹת לְאִ֑ישׁ 1 would you therefore wait until the time when they are grown? Would you for this reason keep yourselves from belonging a husband? Noemí completa la pregunta retórica que comenzó en el verso anterior, y hace una segunda pregunta retórica que enfatiza el mismo significado. Traducción alternativa: "...no esperarías a que crecieran para poder casarte con ellos. Tendrías que casarte antes con un marido".(Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
RUT 1 13 ab04 אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִגְדָּ֔לוּ הֲלָהֵן֙ תֵּֽעָגֵ֔נָה לְבִלְתִּ֖י הֱי֣וֹת לְאִ֑ישׁ 1 would you therefore wait until the time when they are grown? Would you for this reason keep yourselves from belonging a husband? Esto se refiere a la práctica del levirato, en la que se espera que, si un hombre casado muere, uno de sus hermanos se case con la viuda del hombre. Véase la introducción para más explicaciones.
RUT 1 13 gh99 figs-metaphor מַר־לִ֤י מְאֹד֙ 1 it is exceedingly bitter for me La amargura es una metáfora del dolor. Traducción alternativa: "Me apena mucho" (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
RUT 1 13 z9u3 figs-metonymy יָצְאָ֥ה בִ֖י יַד־יְהוָֽה 1 the hand of Yahweh has gone out against me La palabra **mano** se refiere al poder o la influencia de Yahvé. Traducción alternativa: "Yahvé ha hecho que me sucedan cosas terribles" (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
RUT 1 13 ab02 figs-explicit יָצְאָ֥ה בִ֖י יַד־יְהוָֽה 1 the hand of Yahweh has gone out against me Lo que Yahvé ha hecho se puede afirmar con claridad. Traducción alternativa: "Yahvé nos ha quitado a nuestros maridos" (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
RUT 1 14 n47v figs-idiom וַתִּשֶּׂ֣נָה קוֹלָ֔ן וַתִּבְכֶּ֖ינָה 1 Then they lifted up their voices and cried Esto significa que lloraron en voz alta o lloraron amargamente. (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
RUT 1 14 t4sl figs-explicit וְר֖וּת דָּ֥בְקָה בָּֽהּ 1 but Ruth clung to her **Ruth se aferró a ella**. Traducción alternativa: "Ruth se negó a dejarla" o "Ruth no quiso dejarla" (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
RUT 1 15 ld6g הִנֵּה֙ 1 Look **Presta atención, porque lo que voy a decir es cierto e importante**
RUT 1 15 nqm3 writing-participants יְבִמְתֵּ֔ךְ 1 your sister-in-law **la mujer del hermano de tu marido** o **Orpah**. Utiliza la forma más natural en tu idioma para referirte a esta persona. (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
RUT 1 15 man4 אֱלֹהֶ֑יהָ 1 her gods Antes de que Orfa y Rut se casaran con los hijos de Noemí, adoraban a los dioses de Moab. Durante su matrimonio, comenzaron a adorar a Yahweh. Ahora, Orfa iba a adorar a los dioses de Moab de nuevo.
RUT 1 16 z5ug וּבַאֲשֶׁ֤ר תָּלִ֨ינִי֙ 1 where you stay **donde vivas**
RUT 1 16 b518 figs-explicit עַמֵּ֣ךְ עַמִּ֔י 1 your people are my people Rut se refiere al pueblo de Noemí, los israelitas. Traducción alternativa: "Consideraré a la gente de tu país como mi propia gente" o "consideraré a tus parientes como mis propios parientes"(Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
RUT 1 17 lql7 figs-idiom בַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר תָּמ֨וּתִי֙ אָמ֔וּת 1 Where you die, I will die Esto se refiere al deseo de Rut de pasar el resto de su vida viviendo en el mismo lugar y pueblo que Noemí. (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
RUT 1 17 sje3 figs-idiom יַעֲשֶׂ֨ה יְהוָ֥ה לִי֙ וְכֹ֣ה יֹסִ֔יף כִּ֣י 1 May Yahweh do thus to me, and and thus may he add Esta es una expresión que Rut utiliza para mostrar que está muy comprometida a hacer lo que dice. Se está maldiciendo a sí misma, pidiendo a Dios que la castigue si no hace lo que ha dicho. Utiliza la forma que utiliza tu idioma para hacerlo. (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
RUT 1 17 abc2 כִּ֣י הַמָּ֔וֶת יַפְרִ֖יד בֵּינִ֥י וּבֵינֵֽךְ 1 if death separates between me and between you **Si algo que no sea la muerte nos separa el uno del otro** o **si te dejo mientras tú y yo estamos vivos...**
RUT 1 17 ab05 figs-idiom יַפְרִ֖יד בֵּינִ֥י וּבֵינֵֽךְ 1 separates between me and between you Es un modismo que se refiere al espacio entre dos personas. Traducción alternativa: "separa a los dos" o "se interpone entre nosotros".(Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
RUT 1 18 rsq2 וַתֶּחְדַּ֖ל לְדַבֵּ֥ר אֵלֶֽיהָ 1 she refrained from speaking to her **Naomi dejó de discutir con Ruth**
RUT 1 19 j9wa writing-newevent וַיְהִ֗י 1 So the two of them traveled until they came to Bethlehem Esta frase introduce un nuevo acontecimiento en la historia. (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
RUT 1 19 jdr1 grammar-connect-time-background כְּבֹאָ֨נָה֙ בֵּ֣ית לֶ֔חֶם 1 when they came to Bethlehem Se trata de una cláusula de fondo, que explica que el nuevo acontecimiento tuvo lugar después de que Noemí regresara a Belén con Rut.(Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])
RUT 1 19 y3us figs-metonymy כָּל־הָעִיר֙ 1 the entire town El **pueblo** se refiere a la gente que vive allí. Traducción alternativa: "todo el mundo en el pueblo" (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
RUT 1 19 abc3 figs-hyperbole כָּל־הָעִיר֙ 1 the entire town Aquí **todo** es una hipérbole. Muchos de los residentes de la ciudad estaban entusiasmados, pero algunos de los residentes pueden no estar entusiasmados por esta noticia. (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
RUT 1 19 xnb3 הֲזֹ֥את נָעֳמִֽי 1 Is this Naomi? Dado que habían pasado muchos años desde que Noemí vivía en Belén y ahora ya no tiene a su marido ni a sus dos hijos, es probable que las mujeres estuvieran expresando su duda de que esta mujer fuera realmente Noemí. Tratemos esto como una pregunta real, no como una pregunta retórica.
RUT 1 20 stw5 אַל־תִּקְרֶ֥אנָה לִ֖י נָעֳמִ֑י 1 Do not call me Naomi El nombre **Naomi** significa **mi alegría**. Desde que Noemí perdió a su marido y a sus hijos, ya no siente que su vida se corresponda con su nombre.
RUT 1 20 swe9 translate-names מָרָ֔א 1 Mara Esta es una traducción literal de un nombre hebreo que significa "amargo". Dado que se trata de un nombre, puede optar por utilizar la forma inglesa, que es **Bitter**, y utilizar una nota a pie de página para explicar que el término inglés da el significado del nombre hebreo (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
RUT 1 21 n9zc אֲנִי֙ מְלֵאָ֣ה הָלַ֔כְתִּי וְרֵיקָ֖ם הֱשִׁיבַ֣נִי יְהוָ֑ה 1 I went out full, but Yahweh has caused me to return empty Cuando Noemí dejó Belén, tenía a su marido y a sus dos hijos, y era feliz. Noemí culpa a Yahvé de la muerte de su marido y de sus hijos, diciendo que él la ha hecho volver a Belén sin ellos, y ahora está amargada e infeliz.
RUT 1 21 jqx5 עָ֣נָה בִ֔י 1 has testified against me **me ha juzgado culpable**
RUT 1 21 t1p8 הֵ֥רַֽע לִֽי 1 has done evil to me **me ha traído la calamidad** o **me ha traído la tragedia**
RUT 1 22 cx7g writing-endofstory וַתָּ֣שָׁב נָעֳמִ֗י וְר֨וּת 1 So Naomi returned, with Ruth Así comienza un enunciado resumido. El español lo marca con la palabra **entonces**. Determina cómo marca su idioma las declaraciones de conclusión o resumen y sigue ese camino aquí. (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
RUT 1 22 jdr2 writing-background וְהֵ֗מָּה בָּ֚אוּ בֵּ֣ית לֶ֔חֶם בִּתְחִלַּ֖ת קְצִ֥יר שְׂעֹרִֽים 1 And they came to Bethlehem at the beginning of the harvest of barley. La frase da información de fondo, explicando que Noemí y Rut habían llegado a Belén en la época en que los israelitas empezaban a cosechar la cebada. (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
RUT 1 22 bgy3 figs-abstractnouns בִּתְחִלַּ֖ת קְצִ֥יר שְׂעֹרִֽים 1 at the beginning of the harvest of barley **la cosecha de cebada**. La frase **la cosecha de cebada** se puede traducir con una frase verbal. Traducción alternativa: "cuando los agricultores estaban empezando a cosechar la cebada" (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
RUT 2 intro ld2v 0 # Rut 2 Notas Generales<br><br>## Posibles dificultades de traducción en este capítulo<br><br>### **No vayas a segar en otro campo**<br><br>Booz dijo esto porque él no podía garantizar la seguridad de Rut en el campo de otra persona. Se nota que no todo el mundo era misericordia y obediente a la ley de Moisés como Booz (Ver: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] y [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] y [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
RUT 2 1 ab10 writing-background וּֽלְנָעֳמִ֞י מוֹדַ֣ע לְאִישָׁ֗הּ 1 Now Naomi had a relative of her husband El versículo 1 da una información de fondo sobre Booz de modo que el lector pueda entender quién es él. Su idioma puede tener también una forma específica de dar información de fondo (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
RUT 2 1 t2sn writing-participants וּֽלְנָעֳמִ֞י מוֹדַ֣ע לְאִישָׁ֗הּ 1 Now Naomi had a relative of her husband Esta oración introduce la siguiente parte de la historia, en la cual Rut conoce a Booz. Booz es introducido aquí como un nuevo participante en la historia. Sí idioma puede tener también una forma específica de introducir nuevos eventos o personajes nuevos en una historia. (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
RUT 2 1 b4q7 אִ֚ישׁ גִּבּ֣וֹר חַ֔יִל 1 a man of great worth **un hombre prominente y rico **. Esto significa que Booz era próspero y bien conocido en su comunidad, con una buena reputación.
RUT 2 1 ab09 מִמִּשְׁפַּ֖חַת אֱלִימֶ֑לֶךְ 1 from the clan of Elimelek El uso del término **clan** aquí significa que Booz era pariente de Elimelec pero no tenían los mismos padres. El texto no está diciendo que el clan lleve el nombre de Elimelec o si Elimelec fue el patriarca o líder del clan.
RUT 2 2 am6a ר֨וּת הַמּוֹאֲבִיָּ֜ה 1 Ruth, the Moabite woman Aquí la historia se reanuda. Indique esto en la forma en que su idioma reanuda la narración de los eventos de una historia después de haber dado información de fondo.
RUT 2 2 c7rk הַמּוֹאֲבִיָּ֜ה 1 the Moabite woman Esta es otra forma de decir que la mujer viene del país o tribu de Moab.
RUT 2 2 qt4q וַאֲלַקֳטָּ֣ה בַשִׁבֳּלִ֔ים 1 and glean heads of grain **y recolectar el grano dejado atrás por los cosechadores** o **y recoger el grano dejado atrás por los cosechadore**
RUT 2 2 j59b figs-idiom אֶמְצָא־חֵ֖ן בְּעֵינָ֑יו 1 In whose eyes I find favor La frase **en cuyos ojos encuentre favor** es un modismo que significa "cualquiera que me apruebe". Rut habla de ganarse el favor de alguien teniendo su permiso o aprobación. Traducción alternativa: " quién sea amable conmigo" (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
RUT 2 2 abc5 figs-metaphor בְּעֵינָ֑יו 1 in whose eyes Los **ojos** son una metonimia que representa ver, y ver es una metáfora de conocimiento, noticia, atención o juicio. Traducción alternativa: "quien decide \[ser amable conmigo\]” (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
RUT 2 2 ed93 בִתִּֽי 1 my daughter Rut se estaba encargando de Noemí como si ella fuera su propia madre, y Noemí se dirigió a Rut afectuosamente como a una hija. Si esto es confuso en su idioma, use el término que pueda indicar esta clase de relación cercana entre dos mujeres en su idioma.
RUT 2 3 ht73 וַיִּ֣קֶר מִקְרֶ֔הָ 1 by chance Esto significa significa que Rut no estaba enterada de que ese campo en el que ella cosechó pertenecía al pariente de Noemí, Booz
RUT 2 3 ab11 מִמִּשְׁפַּ֥חַת אֱלִימֶֽלֶךְ 1 from the clan of Elimelek El uso del término **clan** aquí significa que Booz era pariente de Elimelec pero no tenían los mismos padres. El texto no está diciendo que el clan lleve el nombre de Elimelec o si Elimelec fue el patriarca o líder del clan..
RUT 2 4 vys2 figs-distinguish וְהִנֵּה 1 Then behold, La palabra **He aquí** nos alerta sobre el importante evento de Booz llegando al campo y viendo a Rut por primera vez. Su idioma puede tener también una forma específica de alertar a alguien a que preste cuidadosa atención a qué pasa luego en la historia . (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
RUT 2 4 q1lv בָּ֚א מִבֵּ֣ית לֶ֔חֶם 1 coming from Bethlehem Los campos estaban a una inespecífica distancia a las afueras de Belén.
RUT 2 4 r4bl יְבָרֶכְךָ֥ יְהוָֽה 1 May Yahweh bless you **Que Jehová haga cosas buenas por ti**. Esta es una bendición general
RUT 2 5 a5ht לְמִ֖י הַנַּעֲרָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת 1 Who does this young woman belong to? En esa cultura, las mujeres estaban bajo la autoridad de sus parientes masculinos. Booz preguntó quién podría ser el esposo o padre de Rut. Él no pienso que Rut fuera una esclava.
RUT 2 5 ab16 לְנַעֲר֔וֹ 1 to his servant Este **sirviente** era un hombre joven que trabajaba para Booz y el que le decía al resto de los trabajadores de Booz que hacer.
RUT 2 5 sdf9 הַנִּצָּ֖ב עַל 1 who was set over *quién estaba a cargo* o **quién estaba dirigiendo**
RUT 2 7 ab17 אֲלַקֳטָה־נָּא֙ 1 Please let me glean **Espigar** significa recoger grano u otro producto que los trabajadores dejan caer o pierden cuando están cosechando. Esto era parte de la Ley que Dios dio a Moisés, que los trabajadores no deberían volver sobre el campo por ese producto, de modo que pudiera quedar en el campo para que los pobres o los extranjeros que viajaban pudieran recogerlos. Ver versículos como Levítico 19:10 y Deuteronomio 24:21.
RUT 2 7 kj7a הַבַּ֖יִת 1 the house **La cabaña** o **el cobertizo**. Este era un cobertizo temporal o cabaña de jardín en el campo para proporcionar sombra del sol donde los trabajadores podían descansar.
RUT 2 8 ltk3 figs-rquestion הֲל֧וֹא שָׁמַ֣עַתְּ בִּתִּ֗י 1 Will you not listen to me, my daughter? Esto puede ser declarado como una orden. Traducción alternativa: "¡Escúchame, hija mía!" o "¡Nota bien lo que te estoy diciendo, hija mía!" (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
RUT 2 8 ke9b figs-idiom בִּתִּ֗י 1 my daughter Esta es una forma amable de llamar a una mujer joven. Rut no era la verdadera hija de Booz, pero él la estaba tratando amble y respetuosamente. Use el término que comunique esto en su idioma. (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
RUT 2 9 jq6n figs-metonymy עֵינַ֜יִךְ בַּשָּׂדֶ֤ה 1 Keep your eyes on the field Los **ojos** son una metonimia que representa mirar. Traducción alternativa: "Observa sólo el campo" o "Presta atención sólo al campo" (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
RUT 2 9 xc6u figs-rquestion הֲל֥וֹא צִוִּ֛יתִי אֶת־הַנְּעָרִ֖ים לְבִלְתִּ֣י נָגְעֵ֑ךְ 1 Have I not instructed the young men not to touch you? Booz usa esta pregunta para enfatizar su hospitalidad-él ya ha hecho arreglos para ayudar a Rut. Traducción alternativa: "Di estrictas instrucciones a los hombres para que no te molesten" (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
RUT 2 9 ub62 אֶת־הַנְּעָרִ֖ים 1 the young men **jóvenes trabajadores** or **sirvientes**. Las palabras **hombres jóvenes** sin usadas tres veces para referirse a los jóvenes que están cosechando en el campo.
RUT 2 9 v5e4 figs-euphemism לְבִלְתִּ֣י נָגְעֵ֑ךְ 1 not to touch you Esta era una forma educada de decir que los hombres no a molestaran a Rut físicamente o la asaltaran sexualmente, y posiblemente trabajen que los hombres no la detuvieran de espigar en el campo de Booz. (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
RUT 2 9 ahr7 מֵאֲשֶׁ֥ר יִשְׁאֲב֖וּן הַנְּעָרִֽים 1 from what the young men draw Extraer agua significa sacar agua de un pozo o sacarla de un depósito.
RUT 2 10 az6y translate-symaction וַתִּפֹּל֙ עַל־פָּנֶ֔יהָ וַתִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ אָ֑רְצָה 1 Then she fell on her face and bowed down to the ground Estos son actos de respeto y reverencia. Ella estaba honrando Booz llena de gratitud por lo que él había hecho por ella. Esto era ademas una postura de humildad. (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
RUT 2 10 ab12 figs-doublet וַתִּפֹּל֙ עַל־פָּנֶ֔יהָ וַתִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ אָ֑רְצָה 1 Then she fell on her face and bowed down to the ground Estas son dos descripciones de una sola acción. Sí esto es confuso en su idioma, use una sola descripción, como en el TPS. (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
RUT 2 10 ab13 figs-idiom וַתִּפֹּל֙ עַל־פָּנֶ֔יהָ 1 Then she fell on her face Esta es una expresión que significa que ella se inclinó con su cara tocando el suelo. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
RUT 2 10 ug7p מַדּוּעַ֩ מָצָ֨אתִי חֵ֤ן בְּעֵינֶ֨יךָ֙ לְהַכִּירֵ֔נִי וְאָּנֹכִ֖י נָכְרִיָּֽה 1 Why have I found favor in your eyes that you should take notice of me, since I am a foreigner? Rut estaba haciendo una pregunta real.
RUT 2 10 abc7 figs-idiom מָצָ֨אתִי חֵ֤ן בְּעֵינֶ֨יךָ֙ 1 have I found favor in your eyes La frase **encontrar favor en tus ojos** es una expresión que significa "tú has sido aprobado por" alguien. Rut half de ganarse el favor de alguien como ganarse su amabilidad o aprobación. Traducción alternativa: "tú has sido amable conmigo"(Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
RUT 2 10 abc8 figs-metaphor בְּעֵינֶ֨יךָ֙ 1 in your eyes Los **ojos** sin una metonimia que representa mirar, y mirar es una metáfora para conocimiento, noticia, atención, o juicio. Traducción alternativa: "en tu juicio" o "que tú decidiste" (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
RUT 2 10 x6f8 נָכְרִיָּֽה 1 foreigner Un **extranjero** es alguien de otro país. Aún cuando Rut había jurado lealtad al Dios de Israel en privado, todo el mundo sabía que ella era de Moab, no de Israel. A menudo los israelitas no eran amables con los extranjeros, aún cuando Dios quería que los israelitas fueran amables con ellos. Esto muestra que Booz vivía para agradar a Dios.
RUT 2 11 ab14 figs-doublet וַיַּ֤עַן בֹּ֨עַז֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר 1 Boaz answered and said Ambas palabras **respondió** y **dijo** describen la misma acción. Si esto es confuso en su idioma, usted debería usar solo un verbo para esto, como en el TPS (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
RUT 2 11 app6 figs-activepassive הֻגֵּ֨ד הֻגַּ֜ד לִ֗י 1 Everything … has fully been reported to me This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: **People have reported to me** or **People have told me** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
RUT 2 11 abc9 figs-idiom הֻגֵּ֨ד הֻגַּ֜ד 1 Everything … has fully been reported Aquí hay dos formas de la palabra **reportar** son repetidas en el texto hebreo original para enfatizar el grado de certeza de la declaración. (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
RUT 2 11 r44n figs-metonymy וַתֵּ֣לְכִ֔י אֶל־עַ֕ם 1 and you came to a people Booz see refiere a que Rut viniera a vivir con Noemí en un pueblo y comunidad, un país y religión que ella no conocía. (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
RUT 2 11 ab60 figs-idiom תְּמ֥וֹל שִׁלְשֽׁוֹם׃ 1 the day before yesterday Esta es una expresión que significa “recientemente” o “previamente” (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])<br>
RUT 2 12 x5ct יְשַׁלֵּ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה פָּעֳלֵ֑ךְ 1 May Yahweh reward your work **Que Jehová te pague** o **Que Jehová te devuelva**
RUT 2 12 s2vm פָּעֳלֵ֑ךְ 1 your work Esto se refiere a todo lo que Booz acababa de describir en el versículo 11. Traducción alternativa: "tus buenas acciones."
RUT 2 12 gnn5 figs-parallelism וּתְהִ֨י מַשְׂכֻּרְתֵּ֜ךְ שְׁלֵמָ֗ה מֵעִ֤ם יְהוָה֙ 1 may your full wages come from Yahweh Esta es una expresión poética muy similar a la oración anterior. Traducción alternativa: "Que Jehová te de abundantemente de todo lo que desees" (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
RUT 2 12 eh86 figs-metaphor אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֖את לַחֲס֥וֹת תַּֽחַת־כְּנָפָֽיו 1 under whose wings you have come for refuge Esta es una metáfora que usa la imagen de una madre ave reuniendo sus polluelos bajo sus alas para protegerlos como una manera de describir la protección de Dios para quienes confían en Él. Traducción alternativa: "en cuyo cuidado seguro te has puesto" (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
RUT 2 13 abc6 figs-idiom אֶמְצָא־חֵ֨ן 1 May I find favor Aquí ** encuentre favor** es una expresión que significa ser aprobado por o que él está complacido con ella. Traducción alternativa: " Que tú continúes estando complacido conmigo" (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
RUT 2 13 v2q1 figs-metaphor בְּעֵינֶ֤יךָ 1 in your eyes Los **ojos** sin una metonimia que representa mirar, y mirar es una metáfora para conocimiento, noticia, atención, o juicio. Traducción alternativa: “y aceptarme” (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
RUT 2 13 abc4 אֲדֹנִי֙ 1 my lord Booz no es el amo de Rut, pero es el dueño del campo donde ella está espigando. Él además es un judío y un hombre prominente en la ciudad. De manera que, Rut está honrándolo al llamarlo **señor**, y referirse a si misma como su sierva. Traducción alternativa: "amo" o "maestro"
RUT 2 13 zc5n וְאָנֹכִי֙ לֹ֣א אֶֽהְיֶ֔ה כְּאַחַ֖ת שִׁפְחֹתֶֽיךָ 1 But as for me, I am not even like one of your female servants Rut está expresando sorpresas y gratitud por como Booz está tratándola como si ella fuera una de sus trabajadoras, cuando no lo es.
RUT 2 14 yht2 לְעֵ֣ת הָאֹ֗כֶל 1 At the time of the meal Esto se refiere a la comida del mediodía.
RUT 2 14 p256 וְטָבַ֥לְתְּ פִּתֵּ֖ךְ בַּחֹ֑מֶץ 1 dip your piece in the vinegar Está era una comida simple que comían en el campo. La gente se sentaba en el suelo alrededor de un manto que tenía un cuenco con vinagre de vino y pedazos de pan. Ellos tomaban un pedazo del pan y lo mojaban en el vinagre de vino para darle sabor antes de comerlo.
RUT 2 14 xr6s בַּחֹ֑מֶץ 1 the vinegar El **vinagre** era una salsa en la cual ellos mojaban el pan. Los israelitas hacían del vinagre del jugo de uva que era fermentado más allá del punto de convertirse en vino. En la etapa de vinagre, el jugo de volvía muy amargo y ácido.
RUT 2 15 v6wr figs-explicit וַתָּ֖קָם לְלַקֵּ֑ט וַיְצַו֩ בֹּ֨עַז אֶת־נְעָרָ֜יו 1 Then she got up to glean. Then Boaz commanded his young men Cuando Booz habló a sus trabajadores, es probable que Rut estuviera demasiado lejos como para escuchar las instrucciones de Booz. Traducción alternativa: "Y cuando Rut se fue a recoger el grano, Booz les dijo en privado a sus jóvenes" (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
RUT 2 15 rct9 וַתָּ֖קָם 1 Then she got up **Después que ella se levantó*
RUT 2 15 a5z9 גַּ֣ם בֵּ֧ין הָֽעֳמָרִ֛ים 1 even among the bundles Aquí, la palabra **incluso** deja a los trabajadores saber que deben hacer más de lo que normalmente hacen. La gente que estaba espigando normalmente tenían prohibido trabajar cerca de los cosechadores de grano por miedo a pudieran robar grano que ya estaba cosechado. Pero Booz dio instrucciones a sus trabajadores para que Rut espigara cerca de los bultos de grano.
RUT 2 16 u6hv שֹׁל־תָּשֹׁ֥לּוּ לָ֖הּ מִן־הַצְּבָתִ֑ים 1 pull some out from the bundles for her **tomen algunas espigas de grano de los bultos y déjenlas para ella** o **dejen atrás espigas de grano para que ella las recolecte**. Aquí Booz va un paso más allá de lo que es normal, y les dice a sus trabajadores que dejen caer algunas espigas del grano que ya habían cosechado para que Rut lo espigara.
RUT 2 16 nn9l וְלֹ֥א תִגְעֲרוּ־בָֽהּ 1 do not rebuke her **no la averguencen** o **no le hablen duramente a ella**
RUT 2 17 h3ap וַתַּחְבֹּט֙ 1 Then she beat out Ella separaba la parte consumible del grano de la cáscara y las espigas, las cuales eran descartadas.
RUT 2 17 mq6b translate-bvolume כְּאֵיפָ֥ה שְׂעֹרִֽים 1 about an ephah of barley Un **efá** es una unidad de medida con una equivalencia cercana a los 22 litros. Traducción alternativa: "alrededor de 22 litros de cebada". Use las medidas normales para el grano en su idioma. (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
RUT 2 18 etn8 figs-explicit וַתִּשָּׂא֙ וַתָּב֣וֹא הָעִ֔יר 1 She lifted it up and went into the city Está implícito que Rut cargó el grano a casa. (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
RUT 2 18 r6sz וַתֵּ֥רֶא חֲמוֹתָ֖הּ 1 Then her mother-in-law saw **Entonces Noemí vio**
RUT 2 19 bg28 figs-parallelism אֵיפֹ֨ה לִקַּ֤טְתְּ הַיּוֹם֙ וְאָ֣נָה עָשִׂ֔ית 1 Where did you glean today, and where did you work? Noemí preguntó la misma cosa en dos formas diferentes para demostrar que estaba muy interesada en saber que le había pasado a Rut ese día. Use la manera en que su idioma muestra emoción e interés. (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
RUT 2 19 ab07 figs-metonymy מַכִּירֵ֖ךְ 1 the one who noticed you Aquí **notado** es una metonimia que sostiene no solo ver a Rut, sino también hacer algo por ella. Traducción alternativa: "aquel que te ayudó" (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
RUT 2 20 p8km בָּר֥וּךְ הוּא֙ לַיהוָ֔ה 1 May he be blessed by Yahweh Noemí está pidiendo a Dios que recompense a Booz por su amabilidad para con Rut y con ella.
RUT 2 20 ab20 figs-doublenegatives אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹא־עָזַ֣ב חַסְדּ֔וֹ 1 who has not forsaken his loving kindness Esto puede ser expresado positivamente: **Quien ha continuado siendo leal**. (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
RUT 2 20 ur7z אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹא־עָזַ֣ב 1 who has not forsaken La palabra **Quién** muy probablemente se está refiriendo a Jehová, quién ha continuado siendo fiel con los vivos y con los muertos actuando a través de Booz. Una menor posibilidad es que se esté refiriendo a Booz.
RUT 2 20 ljz3 figs-nominaladj אֶת־הַחַיִּ֖ים 1 to the living Noemí y Rut eran los **vivos**. Esto puede expresarse de forma diferente quitando el adjetivo nominal **los vivos**. Traducción alternativa: "con las personas que siguen viviendo" (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
RUT 2 20 wjr4 figs-nominaladj וְאֶת־הַמֵּתִ֑ים 1 and to the dead Los hijos y el esposo de Noemí eran los **muertos**. Esto puede expresarse de forma diferente quitando el adjetivo nominal **los muertos**. Traducción alternativa: "con las personas que ya murieron" (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
RUT 2 20 cyy2 figs-parallelism קָר֥וֹב לָ֨נוּ֙ הָאִ֔ישׁ מִֽגֹּאֲלֵ֖נוּ הֽוּא 1 That man is closely related to us. He is one of our kinsman-redeemers. La segunda frase repite y amplía la primera. Esta es la manera hebrea de hacer énfasis. (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
RUT 2 20 zu5f מִֽגֹּאֲלֵ֖נוּ 1 kinsman-redeemers Un pariente redentor era un familiar cercano del sexo masculino que tenía la responsabilidad de hacerse cargo de las cualquier viuda en la familia. Si uno de sus hermanos moría sin haber tenido hijos, él tenía la responsabilidad de casarse con la viuda, si ella seguía en edad de tener hijos, para dar un hijo a su hermano. El podía además volver a adquirir la tierra que sus parientes habían perdido debido a la pobreza y redimir a los miembros de la fábula que se habían vendido a si mismos como esclavos. Ver la introducción para más información.
RUT 2 21 k2lz גַּ֣ם ׀ כִּי־אָמַ֣ר אֵלַ֗י 1 In addition, he said to me **Él incluso me dijo**. Esto indica que lo que sigue va mucho más allá de lo que ellas podían haber esperado que un terrateniente le dijera a Rut.
RUT 2 21 g585 עִם־הַנְּעָרִ֤ים אֲשֶׁר־לִי֙ תִּדְבָּקִ֔ין 1 You should keep close by the servants who belong to me Booz estaba expresando confianza en que sus trabajadores no lastimarían a Rut.
RUT 2 22 f2tw תֵֽצְאִי֙ עִם 1 you go out with **trabaja con**
RUT 2 22 bcc4 וְלֹ֥א יִפְגְּעוּ־בָ֖ךְ 1 so that they do not harm you Esto podría significar: (1) otros trabajadores podrían abusar de Rut o tratar de raptarla o (2) en otro campo, el dueño podría interferir o evitar que ella espigara donde ellos estaban cosechando.
RUT 2 22 ab64 grammar-connect-logic-result וְלֹ֥א יִפְגְּעוּ־בָ֖ךְ 1 so that they do not harm you Esta es la razón por la cual Rut debía continuar trabajando con los siervos de Booz. Sí en su idioma es más claro expresar la causa antes que el resultado, puede colocar está parte de la oración primero, como en el TPS. (Ver: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
RUT 2 23 e2vq וַתִּדְבַּ֞ק 1 So she stayed close by Rut trabajaba en los campos de Booz con sus trabajadoras durante el día, así estaría a salvo.
RUT 2 23 a7qp וַתֵּ֖שֶׁב אֶת־חֲמוֹתָֽהּ 1 She lived with her mother-in-law Rut iba a la casa de Noemí para dormir en la noche.
RUT 3 intro t4y5 0 # Ruth 3 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Boaz’s integrity<br><br>Boaz showed great integrity in this chapter by not having sexual relations with Ruth until they were married. He was also concerned with preserving Ruth’s good reputation. Displaying Boaz’s good character is an important point in this chapter.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### **So that it may be well with you**<br><br>Naomi wanted Ruth to have a secure home with a good husband who would care for her. She could see that Boaz would be the best husband for her. She also thought that Boaz, as a kinsman-redeemer, had an obligation to marry her. This could be true because, even though Ruth was a Gentile by birth, she had become part of Naomi’s family and part of the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
RUT 3 1 jdr3 writing-newevent וַתֹּ֥אמֶר לָ֖הּ נָעֳמִ֣י 1 Naomi … said to her, This sentence introduces the next part of the story, in which Ruth asks Boaz to perform the role of kinsman-redeemer for her and Naomi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
RUT 3 1 r7ar חֲמוֹתָ֑הּ 1 her mother-in-law Naomi is the mother of Ruth’s dead husband.
RUT 3 1 f1uc בִּתִּ֞י 1 My daughter Ruth became part of Naomi’s family by marrying her son and became like a daughter to her by her actions in caring for Naomi after returning to Bethlehem.
RUT 3 1 nxr8 figs-rquestion הֲלֹ֧א אֲבַקֶּשׁ־לָ֛ךְ מָנ֖וֹחַ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִֽיטַב־לָֽךְ 1 should I not seek a resting place for you, that will be good for you? Naomi uses this question to tell Ruth what she planned to do. Alternate translation: “I must look for a place for you to rest, so that you will be taken care of.” or “I must find a husband to care for you, so that you can live without worry.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
RUT 3 1 uw2p figs-metaphor לָ֛ךְ מָנ֖וֹחַ 1 a resting place for you This does not mean a place to rest temporarily from being tired. It means a place of permanent comfort and security, in a good home with a husband. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
RUT 3 2 jdr4 grammar-connect-logic-result וְעַתָּ֗ה 1 Connecting Statement: Naomi’s rhetorical question in verse 1 gave the reason for the advice that she is about to give to Ruth in verses 2-4. This word marks what follows as the result of verse 1. In other words, Naomi advises Ruth what to do (3:2-4) because she desires to find a good, secure home for Ruth (3:1) If it is more clear in your language to state the reason after the result, you may want to put verse 1 after verses 2-4, marked as verses 1-4 together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
RUT 3 2 b4h8 figs-rquestion הֲלֹ֥א בֹ֨עַז֙ מֹֽדַעְתָּ֔נוּ 1 is not Boaz our relative Naomi used this question to remind Ruth of something she had already told her (See 2:20), to introduce the reason for what she is about to say. Alternate translation: “As you know, Boaz is our relative.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
RUT 3 2 j31t figs-explicit הָיִ֖ית אֶת־נַעֲרוֹתָ֑יו 1 whose young female workers you have been working If it helps for understanding, the translation can make explicit that she was working in the fields with these female workers. Alternate translation: “female workers you have been with in the fields” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
RUT 3 2 nd8v figs-distinguish הִנֵּה 1 Look The word **Look** indicates that the following statement is very important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
RUT 3 2 ms25 זֹרֶ֛ה 1 will be winnowing **he will be winnowing** To winnow means to separate grain from the unwanted chaff by tossing both the grain and chaff into the air, allowing the wind to blow the chaff away.
RUT 3 3 ru6z וָסַ֗כְתְּ 1 and anoint yourself This is probably a reference to rubbing sweet-smelling oil on oneself, as a kind of perfume.
RUT 3 3 e92h וְיָרַ֣דְתְּ הַגֹּ֑רֶן 1 and go down to the threshing floor This refers to leaving the city and going to the open, flat area where workers could thresh and winnow grain.
RUT 3 4 jdr5 figs-imperative וִיהִ֣י 1 And let it be that **Then do like this:** This is a general instruction that introduces the next series of specific instructions that Naomi is about to give to Ruth. Translate this in the way that people would say this in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
RUT 3 4 ab21 grammar-connect-time-background בְשָׁכְב֗וֹ 1 when he lies down, This is a background clause, explaining when Ruth should watch to see where Boaz sleeps. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]])
RUT 3 4 ln1m translate-symaction וְגִלִּ֥ית מַרְגְּלֹתָ֖יו 1 and uncover his feet This means to remove the cloak or blanket covering his feet (or legs). Perhaps this action by a woman could be interpreted as a proposal of marriage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
RUT 3 4 zi01 מַרְגְּלֹתָ֖יו 1 his feet The word used here could refer to his feet or his legs.
RUT 3 4 l4we וְשָׁכָ֑בְתְּ 1 and lie down **and lie down there**
RUT 3 4 w1u5 וְהוּא֙ יַגִּ֣יד לָ֔ךְ אֵ֖ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּעַשִֽׂין 1 Then he, himself, will tell you what you should do The specific custom of that time is unclear, but Naomi appears to believe that Boaz will understand Ruth’s action as a proposal of marriage. Boaz will then either accept or reject her offer.
RUT 3 4 nn4g וְהוּא֙ יַגִּ֣יד 1 Then he, himself, will tell **When he wakes up, he will tell**
RUT 3 6 ab22 figs-events וַתַּ֕עַשׂ כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוַּ֖תָּה חֲמוֹתָֽהּ׃ 1 and did according to everything that her mother-in-law had instructed her. This statement summarizes the actions that Ruth will do in verse 7. If people understand from this that Ruth did these actions in verse 6 and then did them again in verse 7, then you could translate this sentence as **and she obeyed her mother-in-law**. Or if it would make the order of events more clear, you could move this sentence to the end of verse 7, then combine the verse numbers as a verse bridge (6-7). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
RUT 3 7 fz7e figs-metonymy וַיִּיטַ֣ב לִבּ֔וֹ 1 and his heart was good Here **heart** stands for “emotions” or “disposition.” Boaz’s emotions or feelings were good. This does not imply that Boaz was drunk. Alternate translation: “and he felt good” or “and he was in a good mood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
RUT 3 7 y6gk וַתָּבֹ֣א בַלָּ֔ט 1 Then she came quietly **Then she sneaked in** or **Then she came in quietly so that no one would hear her**
RUT 3 7 eq2u וַתְּגַ֥ל מַרְגְּלֹתָ֖יו 1 and uncovered his feet **and removed the covering from his legs**
RUT 3 7 pb6l וַתִּשְׁכָּֽב 1 and lay down **and lay down there**
RUT 3 8 pz92 writing-newevent וַיְהִי֙ בַּחֲצִ֣י הַלַּ֔יְלָה 1 Then it happened in the middle of the night This clause introduces a new event in the story, explaining when Boaz woke up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
RUT 3 8 xun6 וַיֶּחֱרַ֥ד 1 that … was startled It is not clear what startled Boaz. Perhaps he suddenly felt the cold air on his feet or legs.
RUT 3 8 ab23 figs-exclamations וְהִנֵּ֣ה 1 And behold This word shows that what follows was very surprising to Boaz. Use your language’s way of expressing surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
RUT 3 8 e7ui אִשָּׁ֔ה שֹׁכֶ֖בֶת מַרְגְּלֹתָֽיו 1 a woman was lying at his feet The woman was Ruth, but Boaz could not recognize her in the darkness.
RUT 3 9 wj9e writing-politeness אֲמָתֶ֔ךָ…אֲמָ֣תְךָ֔ 1 your female servant Ruth was not one of Boaz’s servants, but she referred to herself as Boaz’s servant as a polite way to express respect to Boaz. Use your language’s way of expressing humility and respect. (See rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-politeness)
RUT 3 9 xp1b figs-idiom וּפָרַשְׂתָּ֤ כְנָפֶ֨ךָ֙ עַל־אֲמָ֣תְךָ֔ 1 And you can spread the edge of your cloak over your female servant This was a cultural idiom for marriage. Alternate translation: “Please marry me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
RUT 3 9 l5g4 גֹאֵ֖ל 1 a kinsman-redeemer See how you translated this term in [2:20](../02/20/zu5f).
RUT 3 10 bjw9 הֵיטַ֛בְתְּ חַסְדֵּ֥ךְ הָאַחֲר֖וֹן מִן־הָרִאשׁ֑וֹן 1 You have made your covenant faithfulness better at the end than at the beginning **You are demonstrating even more loving kindness now than before**
RUT 3 10 e7ka הֵיטַ֛בְתְּ חַסְדֵּ֥ךְ הָאַחֲר֖וֹן 1 You have made your covenant faithfulness better at the end This refers to Ruth asking Boaz to marry her. Boaz sees this as Ruth showing unselfish kindness and family loyalty to Naomi. By marrying Naomi’s relative, Ruth would also provide for Naomi, honor Naomi’s son, and continue Naomi’s family line.
RUT 3 10 cbd3 הָרִאשׁ֑וֹן 1 at the beginning This refers to the way that Ruth had earlier provided for her mother-in-law by staying with her and gleaning grain for food for them.
RUT 3 10 n84d figs-idiom לְבִלְתִּי־לֶ֗כֶת אַחֲרֵי֙ 1 by not going after **because you have not looked for marriage among**. Ruth could have ignored Naomi’s need and looked for a young and handsome husband for herself outside of Naomi’s relatives, but she did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
RUT 3 11 jdr6 grammar-connect-logic-result וְעַתָּ֗ה 1 Connecting Statement: This phrase indicates that what came before in verse 10 is the reason for what follows in verse 11. This can be indicated with a word like **Therefore**. If it is clearer in your language to put the reason after the result, the order would be: Boaz is motivated to perform the role of kinsman-redeemer (verse 11) **because** he has seen how much kindness Ruth has shown to Naomi (verse 10). If you choose this order, you will need to combine the verses and the verse numbers (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]).
RUT 3 11 ei93 בִּתִּי֙ 1 my daughter Boaz used this expression as a sign of respect toward Ruth as a younger woman. Use the form of address that would be appropriate in your language.
RUT 3 11 ab08 figs-idiom כָּל־שַׁ֣עַר עַמִּ֔י 1 the whole gate of my people The gate was an area of the city where people gathered to do business, and the leaders met there to make decisions. So this was an idiom meaning “all of the important people in my city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]).
RUT 3 11 ab31 אֵ֥שֶׁת חַ֖יִל 1 a woman of worth **a woman of good character**, **a good woman**
RUT 3 12 jdr7 grammar-connect-words-phrases וְעַתָּה֙ 1 Connecting Statement: This phrase indicates that what follows is something else important that Ruth should pay attention to. Alternate translation: “You also need to know that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])<br>
RUT 3 12 ab30 grammar-connect-logic-contrast וְגַ֛ם יֵ֥שׁ 1 but there is This phrase indicates a contrast between Boaz’s willingness to marry Ruth (verse 11) and the possibility of another man marrying her instead (verse 12). Alternate translation: “Even so, there is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]).
RUT 3 12 fvq5 גֹּאֵ֖ל קָר֥וֹב מִמֶּֽנִּי 1 a kinsman-redeemer … nearer than I It was the duty of the male relative who was closest in family relationship to the man who died to help his widow. See how you translated **kinsman-redeemer** in [2:20](../02/20/zu5f) and make sure that it also makes sense here.
RUT 3 13 gcl8 figs-explicit אִם־יִגְאָלֵ֥ךְ 1 if he will redeem you **redeem** here means “marry according to our custom concerning widows.” Boaz is referring to the expectation that the closest male relative of Ruth’s dead husband would marry her and raise a son to carry on the dead man’s family name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
RUT 3 13 tkz9 חַי־יְהוָ֑ה 1 as Yahweh lives **as surely as Yahweh lives** or **by the life of Yahweh**. This was a common Hebrew vow that obligated the speaker to perform what he said. Use the normal phrasing for a vow in your language.
RUT 3 14 vn8p וַתִּשְׁכַּ֤ב מַרְגְּלוֹתָיו֙ 1 So she lay at his feet Ruth slept at Boaz’s feet. They did not have sex.
RUT 3 14 dwx1 figs-idiom בְּטֶ֛רֶם יַכִּ֥יר אִ֖ישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵ֑הוּ 1 before a man could recognize his friend This is an idiom that referred to a condition of darkness. Alternate translation: “while it was still dark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]).
RUT 3 15 hj1e הַמִּטְפַּ֧חַת 1 the cloak a thick piece of cloth worn over the shoulders for warmth
RUT 3 15 f5zg שֵׁשׁ־שְׂעֹרִים֙ 1 six measures of barley The actual amount is not stated. It was enough to be considered generous, yet small enough for Ruth to carry alone. Most scholars think it was around 25 to 30 kilograms.
RUT 3 15 gdn8 וַיָּ֣שֶׁת עָלֶ֔יהָ 1 put it on her The amount of grain was heavy, so Boaz put it on Ruth’s back so she could carry it.
RUT 3 15 aj7u וַיָּבֹ֖א הָעִֽיר 1 Then he went into the city Most ancient copies have **he went**, referring to Boaz, but some have **she went**, referring to Ruth. Some English versions have “he” and some have “she” here. Most scholars believe that **he went** is the original meaning.
RUT 3 16 s7dr figs-idiom מִי־אַ֣תְּ בִּתִּ֑י 1 Who are you, my daughter? This appears to be an idiom that probably means **What is your status, my daughter?** In other words, Naomi is probably asking if Ruth is now a married woman. Alternatively, the question could mean simply **Is that you, my daughter?** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
RUT 3 16 ab34 בִּתִּ֑י 1 my daughter Ruth is actually Naomi’s daughter-in-law, but Naomi calls her **my daughter** as an endearment. Keep this translation if it is acceptable in your culture. Otherwise, use “daughter-in law.”
RUT 3 16 w9p9 אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָֽשָׂה־לָ֖הּ הָאִֽישׁ 1 all that the man had done for her **all that Boaz had done for her**
RUT 3 17 abca שֵׁשׁ־הַשְּׂעֹרִ֥ים 1 six measures of barley See how you translated this in [3:15](../03/15/f5zg).
RUT 3 17 e9xx figs-idiom אַל־תָּב֥וֹאִי רֵיקָ֖ם 1 You must not go empty To **go empty-handed** is an idiom that means to go to someone with nothing to offer that person. Alternate translation: **Do not go empty-handed** or **Do not go with nothing** or **You must take something** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]).
RUT 3 18 ab36 figs-idiom שְׁבִ֣י בִתִּ֔י 1 sit, my daughter **Sit** is an idiom that means that Ruth should calmly wait. Alternate translation: “Wait here” or “Be patient” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
RUT 3 18 ab35 בִתִּ֔י 1 my daughter See how you translated this in 1:11-13; 2:2, 8, 22; 3:1, 10, 11, 16.
RUT 3 18 ab37 figs-idiom אֵ֖יךְ יִפֹּ֣ל דָּבָ֑ר 1 how the matter falls This is an idiom that means “how the situation will turn out” or “what will happen.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
RUT 3 18 zi02 figs-doublenegatives לֹ֤א יִשְׁקֹט֙ הָאִ֔ישׁ כִּֽי־אִם־כִּלָּ֥ה הַדָּבָ֖ר 1 the man will not rest unless he has finished this matter This can be stated positively: **the man will certainly settle this matter** or **the man will surely resolve this issue**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
RUT 3 18 u5rn אִם־כִּלָּ֥ה הַדָּבָ֖ר 1 he has finished this matter **This matter** refers to the decision about who will buy Naomi’s property and marry Ruth.
RUT 4 intro pz6m 0 # Ruth 4 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### King David<br><br>Despite being a Moabitess, Ruth became an ancestress of David. David was Israel’s greatest king. It may be surprising that a Gentile would become a part of such an important lineage, but it reminds us that God loves all people. Ruth had great faith in Yahweh. This shows us that God welcomes all who trust in him.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### **You must also acquire Ruth the Moabite woman**<br><br>With the privilege of using the family’s land came the responsibility to take care of the widows of the family. Therefore, the relative who wanted to use Naomi’s land had to also help Ruth to have a son who would carry on the family name and inheritance and provide for her.<br><br>### **This was the custom in former times**<br><br>This is a comment made by the writer of the text. This indicates that there was a considerable period of time between the events that occurred and the time when they were written down.
RUT 4 1 jdr8 writing-newevent וּבֹ֨עַז עָלָ֣ה הַשַּׁעַר֮ 1 Now Boaz had gone up to the gate This clause introduces the next part of the story, in which Boaz takes the leading role as kinsman-redeemer and marries Ruth. Use your language’s way of introducing a new part of a story (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
RUT 4 1 m4by הַשַּׁעַר֮ 1 to the gate **to the gate of the city** or **to the gate of Bethlehem**. This was the main entrance to the walled town of Bethlehem. Inside the gate was an open area that was used as a meeting place to discuss community matters.
RUT 4 1 jdr9 figs-distinguish וְהִנֵּ֨ה 1 And behold, The word **behold** alerts us to the important event of Boaz seeing the exact person whom he wanted to see walking by. Your language may also have a specific way of alerting someone to pay careful attention to what happens next in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
RUT 4 1 kz1g הַגֹּאֵ֤ל 1 the kinsman-redeemer This was the closest living male relative to Elimelek. See how you translated **kinsman-redeemer** in [2:20](../02/20/zu5f).
RUT 4 1 ab38 figs-idiom פְּלֹנִ֣י אַלְמֹנִ֑י 1 a certain someone Boaz did not actually say these words; instead, he called the kinsman-redeemer by his name. This is an idiom that means that this is a specific person but the name is not given. The narrator has substituted this general term for the person’s name either because the specific name is not important for the story or the man’s name had been forgotten. If your language has an idiom to refer to a specific person without using his name, use that here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]).
RUT 4 1 ab39 figs-quotations פְּלֹנִ֣י אַלְמֹנִ֑י 1 a certain someone In many languages, this is an awkward and unnatural way for someone to address another person. A way to make this more natural could be to turn this into an indirect quotation as in the UST. A combination of indirect and direct quotation is also possible: “Boaz called him by name, and said, ‘Turn aside and sit down here.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]).
RUT 4 2 ab40 וַיִּקַּ֞ח עֲשָׂרָ֧ה אֲנָשִׁ֛ים 1 Then he took ten men **Then he chose ten men**
RUT 4 2 bf74 מִזִּקְנֵ֥י הָעִ֖יר 1 from the elders of the city **from the leaders of the city**
RUT 4 3 es9g חֶלְקַת֙ הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה…מָכְרָ֣ה נָעֳמִ֔י 1 Naomi … is selling the portion of the field It was the responsibility of the nearest kinsman to Elimelek to buy back the land that had belonged to Elimelek and to care for Elimelek’s family.
RUT 4 4 ab41 figs-idiom אֶגְלֶ֧ה אָזְנְךָ֣ 1 I should uncover your ear This is an idiom that means “I should tell you” or “I should let you know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]).
RUT 4 4 c6xi נֶ֥גֶד 1 in the presence of **in the presence of**. Having these men as witnesses would make the transaction legal and binding.
RUT 4 4 lgq1 גְּאָ֔ל 1 redeem it **redeem** means to buy the land to keep it within the family.
RUT 4 4 ab42 grammar-connect-exceptions אֵ֤ין זוּלָֽתְךָ֙ לִגְא֔וֹל וְאָנֹכִ֖י אַחֲרֶ֑יךָ 1 there is no one to redeem it besides you, and I am after you In some languages, it may be confusing to say these things together: (1) there is no one to redeem the land, (2) only you can redeem the land, (3) then I can redeem the land. If that is so in your language, see the UST for a way that is more clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]])
RUT 4 4 u548 וְאָנֹכִ֖י אַחֲרֶ֑יךָ 1 and I am after you Boaz was the next nearest kinsman to Elimelek, and so had the second right to redeem the land.
RUT 4 5 ut23 בְּיוֹם־קְנוֹתְךָ֥…וּ֠מֵאֵת…קָנִ֔יתָה 1 On the day that you buy … you also acquire Boaz uses this expression to inform his relative of the additional responsibility he will have if he buys the land. Alternate translation: “When you buy the land, you also get”
RUT 4 5 ymn8 figs-synecdoche מִיַּ֣ד נָעֳמִ֑י 1 from the hand of Naomi Here the word **hand** represents Naomi, who owns the field. Alternate translation: “from Naomi” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
RUT 4 5 dya3 figs-idiom וּ֠מֵאֵת ר֣וּת…קָנִ֔יתָה 1 you also acquire Ruth **you must also marry Ruth** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
RUT 4 5 b3ps אֵֽשֶׁת־הַמֵּת֙ 1 the wife of the dead man **the widow of Elimelek’s son who died**
RUT 4 5 b3sy לְהָקִ֥ים שֵׁם־הַמֵּ֖ת עַל־נַחֲלָתֽוֹ׃ 1 In order to raise up the name of the dead over his inheritance **that she may have a son to inherit the property and carry on her dead husband’s family name**
RUT 4 5 ab43 figs-nominaladj הַמֵּ֖ת 1 the dead Ruth’s husband was **the dead**. This can be stated differently to avoid the nominal adjective **the dead**. Alternate translation: “the man who died” or “her husband who died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
RUT 4 6 sx9k אַשְׁחִ֖ית אֶת־נַחֲלָתִ֑י 1 damaging my own inheritance The man would need to give some of his wealth in exchange for the property. Then if he were to marry Ruth, that property would belong to her son, not to his own children. In that way, he would be taking away from the wealth that his own children would inherit from him and giving it instead to the children that Ruth might bear. Alternate translation: “taking away from my own children’s inheritance.”
RUT 4 6 sa7h גְּאַל־לְךָ֤ אַתָּה֙ אֶת־גְּאֻלָּתִ֔י 1 You redeem for yourself my right of redemption **You yourself redeem it instead of me**
RUT 4 7 wga9 writing-background וְזֹאת֩ 1 Now … this is how **Now this was the custom**. The writer of the book stops telling the story in order to give some background information that explains the custom of exchange during the time of Ruth. Use your language’s way of giving background information in a story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
RUT 4 7 lgf5 writing-background לְפָנִ֨ים 1 in earlier times **in earlier times** or **long ago**. This implies that this custom was no longer practiced when the book of Ruth was written. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
RUT 4 7 d46w לְרֵעֵ֑הוּ 1 to his friend **to his friend**. This refers to the person with whom he was making the agreement. In this situation the near kinsman gave Boaz his sandal.
RUT 4 8 ab44 וַיֹּ֧אמֶר הַגֹּאֵ֛ל 1 So the kinsman-redeemer said The events of the story start again here after the background information of verse 7. Use your language’s way of starting to tell the events of the story again.
RUT 4 9 zz42 figs-hyperbole לַזְּקֵנִ֜ים וְכָל־הָעָ֗ם 1 to the elders and to all the people This refers to all the people who were present at the meeting place, not to everyone in the town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
RUT 4 9 lwx9 figs-synecdoche מִיַּ֖ד נָעֳמִֽי 1 from the hand of Naomi The hand of Naomi represents Naomi. Since her husband and sons had died, the right to the property belonged to her. Alternate translation: “from Naomi” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
RUT 4 9 img5 כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֶֽאֱלִימֶ֔לֶךְ וְאֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְכִלְי֖וֹן וּמַחְל֑וֹן 1 everything that belonged to Elimelek and everything that belonged to Kilion and Mahlon This refers to all the land and possessions of Naomi’s dead husband and sons.
RUT 4 10 jdr0 grammar-connect-words-phrases וְגַ֣ם 1 Connecting Statement: This connecting phrase indicates that the people sitting at the gate are witnesses to the fact that Boaz is buying back Elimelek’s family land for Naomi (4:9) and also to the fact that Boaz is claiming Ruth to be his wife (4:10). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
RUT 4 10 nm32 לְהָקִ֤ים שֵׁם־הַמֵּת֙ עַל־נַ֣חֲלָת֔וֹ 1 to raise up the name of the dead man over his inheritance See how you translated this phrase in 4:5. Alternate translation: “so that I might give her a son who will inherit the dead man’s property”
RUT 4 10 gg1m figs-metaphor וְלֹא־יִכָּרֵ֧ת שֵׁם־הַמֵּ֛ת מֵעִ֥ם אֶחָ֖יו 1 so that the name of the dead man will not be cut off from among his brothers and from the gate of his place Being forgotten is spoken of as if one’s name were being cut off from a list of people who had lived earlier. Alternate translation: “so that he will not be forgotten by his brothers’ descendants and by the people of this town” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
RUT 4 10 ab61 figs-doublenegatives וְלֹא־יִכָּרֵ֧ת שֵׁם־הַמֵּ֛ת 1 so that the name of the dead man will not be cut off This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “so that his name will be preserved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
RUT 4 10 xpu5 figs-metonymy וּמִשַּׁ֣עַר מְקוֹמ֑וֹ 1 and from the gate of his place The gate of the town is where the leaders gathered and made important legal decisions, such as decisions about who owns a piece of land. Alternate translation: “and among the important people of his town” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
RUT 4 10 ab45 עֵדִ֥ים אַתֶּ֖ם הַיּֽוֹם 1 Today you are witnesses! **You have seen and heard these things today, and can speak of them tomorrow**
RUT 4 11 ua2a הָעָ֧ם אֲשֶׁר־בַּשַּׁ֛עַר 1 the people who were in the gate **the people who were meeting together near the gate**
RUT 4 11 hg6q figs-metonymy הַבָּאָ֣ה אֶל־בֵּיתֶ֗ךָ 1 who is coming into your house This has both a literal and a figurative meaning. As Ruth marries Boaz, she will move into his house. “House” can be a metonym the represents “family,” so this also refers to becoming part of Boaz’s family by being his wife. Alternate translation: “who is becoming part of your family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
RUT 4 11 q47m כְּרָחֵ֤ל ׀ וּכְלֵאָה֙ 1 like Rachel and Leah These were the two wives of Jacob, whose name was changed to Israel.
RUT 4 11 cz4t בָּנ֤וּ…אֶת־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל 1 built up the house of Israel **bore many children who became the nation of Israel**
RUT 4 11 abcb figs-parallelism וַעֲשֵׂה־חַ֣יִל בְּאֶפְרָ֔תָה וּקְרָא־שֵׁ֖ם בְּבֵ֥ית לָֽחֶם 1 Achieve honor in Ephrathah, and be renowned in Bethlehem! These two phrases are similar in meaning. The second phrase repeats somewhat and adds to the meaning of the first. This is a Hebrew style of emphasis. Alternate translation: “May you do good things in Bethlehem and become well-known for them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]).
RUT 4 11 ab65 figs-imperative וַעֲשֵׂה־חַ֣יִל בְּאֶפְרָ֔תָה וּקְרָא־שֵׁ֖ם בְּבֵ֥ית לָֽחֶם 1 Achieve honor in Ephrathah, and be renowned in Bethlehem! These phrases are a form of blessing. Use the style of blessing that is appropriate in your language. Alternate translation: “May you do good things in Bethlehem and may you become well-known for them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]).
RUT 4 11 uk9q וַעֲשֵׂה־חַ֣יִל בְּאֶפְרָ֔תָה 1 Achieve honor in Ephrathah The area around the town of Bethlehem was known as Ephrathah, and that became another name for the town. Presumably this name came from the Israelite clan that settled in and around the city of Bethlehem.
RUT 4 12 fn52 figs-metonymy וִיהִ֤י בֵֽיתְךָ֙ כְּבֵ֣ית פֶּ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־יָלְדָ֥ה תָמָ֖ר לִֽיהוּדָ֑ה 1 May your house be like the house of Perez, whom Tamar bore to Judah **house** stands for “family” or “clan.” Perez had many descendants who became large clans in Israel, including the clan of Ephrathah. Also, many of his descendents became important people. The people were asking God to bless Boaz in a similar way through Ruth’s children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
RUT 4 12 a433 יָלְדָ֥ה תָמָ֖ר לִֽיהוּדָ֑ה 1 Tamar bore to Judah Tamar, like Ruth, was also a widow. Judah fathered a son with Tamar, who continued the family name of her dead husband.
RUT 4 12 xym8 מִן־הַזֶּ֗רַע אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִתֵּ֤ן יְהוָה֙ לְךָ֔ 1 from the offspring that Yahweh gives you The people are asking for a blessing from Yahweh, that he would give Boaz many children through Ruth who would do good things, just as he did for Perez. Use the form of blessing that is appropriate in your language.
RUT 4 13 abcc figs-parallelism וַיִּקַּ֨ח בֹּ֤עַז אֶת־רוּת֙ וַתְּהִי־ל֣וֹ לְאִשָּׁ֔ה 1 So Boaz took Ruth, and she became his wife These two phrases mean very much the same thing, as the second phrase repeats and expands the first. This is a Hebrew poetic style. The two phrases can be combined as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
RUT 4 13 u21g grammar-connect-logic-result וַיִּקַּ֨ח בֹּ֤עַז אֶת־רוּת֙ 1 So Boaz took Ruth This phrase indicates that Boaz did what he said he would do in verse 10. It does not imply any form of violence. Along with the following phrase, it simply means, **So Boaz married Ruth** or **So Boaz took Ruth as a wife**. Use a connecting word (like “so”) that indicates that this action by Boaz is a result of the agreement in verse 10. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
RUT 4 13 gw77 figs-euphemism וַיָּבֹ֖א אֵלֶ֑יהָ 1 he went in to her This is a euphemism that refers to having sexual intercourse. Alternate translation: “He had sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
RUT 4 14 ab46 figs-explicit הַנָּשִׁים֙ 1 the women These are the women of the town as mentioned in 1:19. This can be made clear if necessary. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
RUT 4 14 ab47 בָּר֣וּךְ יְהוָ֔ה 1 Blessed be Yahweh The women are praising God for what he has done for Naomi and Ruth. If it does not make sense in your language to “bless” God, use a word like “praise” or “we give thanks.” See the UST.
RUT 4 14 qj8v figs-doublenegatives לֹ֣א הִשְׁבִּ֥ית לָ֛ךְ גֹּאֵ֖ל הַיּ֑וֹם 1 who has not left you today without a kinsman-redeemer This phrase can be expressed positively. Alternate translation: “who has provided you today with a kinsman to redeem you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
RUT 4 14 p8p3 וְיִקָּרֵ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ 1 May his name be renowned This is a blessing, stating that the women desire that Naomi’s grandson will have a good reputation and character. Use the form of blessing that is appropriate in your language.
RUT 4 15 hz3e לְמֵשִׁ֣יב נֶ֔פֶשׁ 1 a restorer of life This phrase refers to how Naomi will again experience joy and hope in her life as a result of having this grandson. Alternate translation: “one who brings joy to you again” or “one who will make you feel young/strong again”
RUT 4 15 z5lw וּלְכַלְכֵּ֖ל אֶת־שֵׂיבָתֵ֑ךְ 1 and a nourisher of your old age **and he will take care of you when you become old**
RUT 4 15 ab48 grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֣י 1 For **We know this because** Use a connecting word or phrase that indicates that what follows (the fact that Ruth has borne him) is the reason for the women’s confident prediction of his character. If it makes more sense to put the reason first, then follow the order in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
RUT 4 15 rpc3 figs-idiom ט֣וֹבָה לָ֔ךְ מִשִּׁבְעָ֖ה בָּנִֽים 1 better to you than seven sons **seven** represented the idea of completeness or perfection. This is a way to praise Ruth for how she has provided for Naomi by bearing a grandson for her by Boaz, when Naomi’s sons could not provide for her because they had died. Alternate translation: “better to you than any son” or “worth more to you than many sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
RUT 4 16 k1w4 וַתִּקַּ֨ח נָעֳמִ֤י אֶת־הַיֶּ֨לֶד֙ 1 Naomi took the child **Naomi picked up the child** This refers to Naomi holding the child. Make sure it does not sound like she took him away from Ruth in any hostile way.
RUT 4 16 ab49 וַתְּהִי־ל֖וֹ לְאֹמֶֽנֶת׃ 1 and became his nurse **and took care of him**
RUT 4 17 ab50 וַתִּקְרֶאנָה֩ ל֨וֹ הַשְּׁכֵנ֥וֹת שֵׁם֙…וַתִּקְרֶ֤אנָֽה שְׁמוֹ֙ עוֹבֵ֔ד 1 So the neighbor women called out a name for him … And they called his name Obed. The first phrase introduces the naming event, and the second repeats it in order to report the event. If this is confusing, the two phrases can be combined. **So the neighbor women gave him the name Obed** or **The women of the neighborhood said … and they named him Obed**
RUT 4 17 fkf2 יֻלַּד־בֵּ֖ן לְנָעֳמִ֑י 1 A son has been born to Naomi **It is as though Naomi has a son again**. It was understood that the child was Naomi’s grandson, not her physical son, but he would carry on the family line of both Naomi and Ruth.
RUT 4 17 ab51 ה֥וּא אֲבִי־יִשַׁ֖י 1 He was the father of Jesse **Later, he became the father of Jesse** It may be necessary to make it clear that much time passed between the births of Obed, Jesse, and David.
RUT 4 17 f9ha figs-explicit אֲבִ֥י דָוִֽד 1 the father of David **father of King David**. Though **King** is not stated, it was clear to the original audience that this David was King David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
RUT 4 18 mzm1 תּוֹלְד֣וֹת פָּ֔רֶץ 1 the generations of Perez **the successive descendants of our clan, starting with Perez**. Because it was mentioned earlier that Perez was the son of Judah, the writer continues listing the family line that came from Perez. Verse 17 was the end of the story about Naomi and Ruth, and verse 18 begins a final section that lists the family line of the clan of Ephrathah, showing how important Obed was as the grandfather of King David. Use a connecting word that signals that this is a new section. You may also need to make it clear that this verse refers to a much earlier time than the time period of the story.
RUT 4 19 rl3k translate-names וְחֶצְרוֹן֙…עַמִּֽינָדָֽב׃ 1 Hezron … Amminadab Use forms of these names that are natural in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
RUT 4 22 abcd figs-explicit דָּוִֽד 1 David **King David**. See the note about **David** on [4:17](../04/17/f9ha). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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