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Merge branch 'Update_text_titles' of unfoldingWord/en_ult into master

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Larry Sallee 2018-04-23 19:21:57 +00:00 committed by Gogs
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01-GEN.usfm
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\id GEN Unlocked Literal Bible
\id GEN unfoldingWord Literal Text
\ide UTF-8
\h Genesis
\toc1 The Book of Genesis

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\id EXO Unlocked Literal Bible
\id EXO unfoldingWord Literal Text
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\h Exodus
\toc1 The Book of Exodus

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\id LEV Unlocked Literal Bible
\id LEV unfoldingWord Literal Text
\ide UTF-8
\h Leviticus
\toc1 The Book of Leviticus

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\id NUM Unlocked Literal Bible
\id NUM unfoldingWord Literal Text
\ide UTF-8
\h Numbers
\toc1 The Book of Numbers

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\id DEU Unlocked Literal Bible
\id DEU unfoldingWord Literal Text
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\h Deuteronomy
\toc1 The Book of Deuteronomy

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\id JOS Unlocked Literal Bible
\id JOS unfoldingWord Literal Text
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\h Joshua
\toc1 The Book of Joshua

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\id JDG Unlocked Literal Bible
\id JDG unfoldingWord Literal Text
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\h Judges
\toc1 The Book of Judges

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\id RUT Unlocked Literal Bible
\id RUT unfoldingWord Literal Text
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\h Ruth
\toc1 The Book of Ruth

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09-1SA.usfm
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\id 1SA Unlocked Literal Bible
\id 1SA unfoldingWord Literal Text
\ide UTF-8
\h 1 Samuel
\toc1 The First Book of Samuel
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\s5
\v 40 Then he said to all Israel, "You must stand on one side, and I and Jonathan my son will be on the other." The people said to Saul, "Do what seems good to you."
\v 41 Saul said, "Yahweh, God of Israel! If this sin has been committed by me or by my son Jonathan, then, Yahweh, God of Israel, give the Urim. But if this sin has been committed by your people Israel, give the Thummim." \f + \ft The ULB is following the LXX in the quotation. The Hebrew text has: \fqa Give me the right answer \fqa* . \f* Then Jonathan and Saul were taken by lot, but the army was exonerated.
\v 41 Saul said, "Yahweh, God of Israel! If this sin has been committed by me or by my son Jonathan, then, Yahweh, God of Israel, give the Urim. But if this sin has been committed by your people Israel, give the Thummim." \f + \ft The ULT is following the LXX in the quotation. The Hebrew text has: \fqa Give me the right answer \fqa* . \f* Then Jonathan and Saul were taken by lot, but the army was exonerated.
\v 42 Then Saul said, "Cast lots between me and Jonathan my son." Then Jonathan was taken by lot.
\s5

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\id 2SA Unlocked Literal Bible
\id 2SA unfoldingWord Literal Text
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\h 2 Samuel
\toc1 The Second Book of Samuel

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\id 1KI Unlocked Literal Bible
\id 1KI unfoldingWord Literal Text
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\h 1 Kings
\toc1 The First Book of Kings

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\id 2KI Unlocked Literal Bible
\id 2KI unfoldingWord Literal Text
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\h 2 Kings
\toc1 The Second Book of Kings

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\id 1CH Unlocked Literal Bible
\id 1CH unfoldingWord Literal Text
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\h 1 Chronicles
\toc1 The First Book of the Chronicles

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\id 2CH Unlocked Literal Bible
\id 2CH unfoldingWord Literal Text
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\h 2 Chronicles
\toc1 The Second Book of the Chronicles

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15-EZR.usfm
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\id EZR Unlocked Literal Bible
\id EZR unfoldingWord Literal Text
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\h Ezra
\toc1 The Book of Ezra

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\id NEH Unlocked Literal Bible
\id NEH unfoldingWord Literal Text
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\h Nehemiah
\toc1 The Book of Nehemiah
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\s5
\v 6 Ezra gave thanks to Yahweh, the great God, and all the people lifted up their hands and answered, "Amen! Amen!" Then they bowed their heads and worshiped Yahweh with their faces to the ground.
\v 7 Also Jeshua, Bani, Sherebiah, Jamin, Akkub, Shabbethai, Hodiah, Maaseiah, Kelita, Azariah, Jozabad, Hanan, Pelaiah—the Levites—helped the people understand the law, while the people remained in their place.
\f + \ft Most modern versions, including the ULB and UDB, translate so as to identify as Levites all the persons named in this verse. However, some modern versions translate so as to put \fqa the Levites \fqa* in the same list as the individuals first named. \f*
\f + \ft Most modern versions, including the ULT and UST, translate so as to identify as Levites all the persons named in this verse. However, some modern versions translate so as to put \fqa the Levites \fqa* in the same list as the individuals first named. \f*
\v 8 They read in the book, The Law of God, making it clear with interpretation and giving the meaning so the people understood the reading.
\s5
\p
@ -701,7 +701,7 @@
\v 12 In the days of Joiakim these were the priests, the leaders of the families: Meraiah was the leader of Seraiah, Hananiah was the leader of Jeremiah,
\v 13 Meshullam was the leader of Ezra, Jehohanan was the leader of Amariah,
\v 14 Jonathan was the leader of Malluk, and Joseph was the leader of Shebaniah.
\f + \ft Many modern versions, including the ULB and UDB, have \fqa Malluk \fqa* as a correction for \fqa Malluki \fqa* in the Hebrew text. The correct form of this name appears in Neh. 12:2. \f*
\f + \ft Many modern versions, including the ULT and UST, have \fqa Malluk \fqa* as a correction for \fqa Malluki \fqa* in the Hebrew text. The correct form of this name appears in Neh. 12:2. \f*
\s5
\v 15 Adna was the leader of Harim, Helkai the leader of Meremoth,

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\id EST Unlocked Literal Bible
\id EST unfoldingWord Literal Text
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\h Esther
\toc1 The Book of Esther

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\id JOB Unlocked Literal Bible
\id JOB unfoldingWord Literal Text
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\h Job
\toc1 The Book of Job
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\f + \ft Several modern versions leave out \fqa He will not depart out of darkness \fqa* , because they believe that this expression was mistakenly copied from 15:22. \f*
\q a flame will dry up his stalks;
\q at the breath of God's mouth he will go away.
\f + \ft The Hebrew text has \fqa He will go away by the breath of his mouth \fqa* , which some modern versions, including the ULB and UDB, interpret as meaning the breath of God's mouth. However, other modern versions follow an ancient Greek reading, \fqa his flower will fall with the wind \fqa* . \f*
\f + \ft The Hebrew text has \fqa He will go away by the breath of his mouth \fqa* , which some modern versions, including the ULT and UST, interpret as meaning the breath of God's mouth. However, other modern versions follow an ancient Greek reading, \fqa his flower will fall with the wind \fqa* . \f*
\s5
\q

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\id PSA Unlocked Literal Bible
\id PSA unfoldingWord Literal Text
\ide UTF-8
\h Psalms
\toc1 The Book of Psalms
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\s5
\q
\v 19 Long ago you spoke in a vision to your faithful ones; \f + \ft Many mss have the singular \fqa faithful one \fqa* instead of \fqa faithful ones \fqa* . \f*
\q you said, "I have set a crown on a mighty one." \f + \ft The MT has \fqa I will place help upon a warrior \fqa* . Some translate the word for \fqa help \fqa* as \fqa crown \fqa* and that is how the ULB has translated the word here. \f*
\q you said, "I have set a crown on a mighty one." \f + \ft The MT has \fqa I will place help upon a warrior \fqa* . Some translate the word for \fqa help \fqa* as \fqa crown \fqa* and that is how the ULT has translated the word here. \f*
\q I have raised up one chosen from among the people.
\q
\v 20 I have chosen David my servant;

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20-PRO.usfm
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\id PRO Unlocked Literal Bible
\id PRO unfoldingWord Literal Text
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\h Proverbs
\toc1 The Book of Proverbs

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21-ECC.usfm
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\id ECC Unlocked Literal Bible
\id ECC unfoldingWord Literal Text
\ide UTF-8
\h Ecclesiastes
\toc1 The Book of Ecclesiastes

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\id SNG Unlocked Literal Bible
\id SNG unfoldingWord Literal Text
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\h Song of Songs
\toc1 The Song of Songs

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\id ISA Unlocked Literal Bible
\id ISA unfoldingWord Literal Text
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\h Isaiah
\toc1 The Book of Isaiah

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\id JER Unlocked Literal Bible
\id JER unfoldingWord Literal Text
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\h Jeremiah
\toc1 The Book of Jeremiah

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\id LAM Unlocked Literal Bible
\id LAM unfoldingWord Literal Text
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\h Lamentations
\toc1 The Book of Lamentations

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\id EZK Unlocked Literal Bible
\id EZK unfoldingWord Literal Text
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\h Ezekiel
\toc1 The Book of Ezekiel

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27-DAN.usfm
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\id DAN Unlocked Literal Bible
\id DAN unfoldingWord Literal Text
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\h Daniel
\toc1 The Book of Daniel

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\id HOS Unlocked Literal Bible
\id HOS unfoldingWord Literal Text
\ide UTF-8
\h Hosea
\toc1 The Book of Hosea

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\id JOL Unlocked Literal Bible
\id JOL unfoldingWord Literal Text
\ide UTF-8
\h Joel
\toc1 The Book of Joel

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30-AMO.usfm
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\id AMO Unlocked Literal Bible
\id AMO unfoldingWord Literal Text
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\h Amos
\toc1 The Book of Amos

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31-OBA.usfm
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\id OBA Unlocked Literal Bible
\id OBA unfoldingWord Literal Text
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\h Obadiah
\toc1 The Book of Obadiah

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32-JON.usfm
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\id JON Unlocked Literal Bible
\id JON unfoldingWord Literal Text
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\h Jonah
\toc1 The Book of Jonah

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33-MIC.usfm
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\id MIC Unlocked Literal Bible
\id MIC unfoldingWord Literal Text
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\h Micah
\toc1 The Book of Micah

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34-NAM.usfm
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\id NAM Unlocked Literal Bible
\id NAM unfoldingWord Literal Text
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\h Nahum
\toc1 The Book of Nahum

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35-HAB.usfm
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\id HAB Unlocked Literal Bible
\id HAB unfoldingWord Literal Text
\ide UTF-8
\h Habakkuk
\toc1 The Book of Habakkuk

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36-ZEP.usfm
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\id ZEP Unlocked Literal Bible
\id ZEP unfoldingWord Literal Text
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\h Zephaniah
\toc1 The Book of Zephaniah

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37-HAG.usfm
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\id HAG Unlocked Literal Bible
\id HAG unfoldingWord Literal Text
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\h Haggai
\toc1 The Book of Haggai

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\id ZEC Unlocked Literal Bible
\id ZEC unfoldingWord Literal Text
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\h Zechariah
\toc1 The Book of Zechariah

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\id MAL Unlocked Literal Bible
\id MAL unfoldingWord Literal Text
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\h Malachi
\toc1 The Book of Malachi

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\id MAT Unlocked Literal Bible
\id MAT unfoldingWord Literal Text
\ide UTF-8
\h Matthew
\toc1 The Gospel of Matthew

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\id MRK Unlocked Literal Bible
\id MRK unfoldingWord Literal Text
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\h Mark
\toc1 The Gospel of Mark

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\id LUK Unlocked Literal Bible
\id LUK unfoldingWord Literal Text
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\h Luke
\toc1 The Gospel of Luke

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\id JHN Unlocked Literal Bible
\id JHN unfoldingWord Literal Text
\ide UTF-8
\h John
\toc1 The Gospel of John

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\id ACT Unlocked Literal Bible
\id ACT unfoldingWord Literal Text
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\h Acts
\toc1 The Acts of the Apostles

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46-ROM.usfm
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\id ROM Unlocked Literal Bible
\id ROM unfoldingWord Literal Text
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\h Romans
\toc1 The Letter of Paul to the Romans

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47-1CO.usfm
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\id 1CO Unlocked Literal Bible
\id 1CO unfoldingWord Literal Text
\ide UTF-8
\h 1 Corinthians
\toc1 The First Letter of Paul to the Corinthians
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\s5
\v 19 For though I am free from all, I became a servant to all, in order that I might win more.
\v 20 To the Jews I became like a Jew, in order to win Jews. To those under the law, I became like one under the law in order to win those under the law. I did this even though I myself was not under the law.
\f + \ft The ULB and UDB read, \fqa I did this even though I was not under the law myself \fqa* . Some older versions leave this passage out. \f*
\f + \ft The ULT and UST read, \fqa I did this even though I was not under the law myself \fqa* . Some older versions leave this passage out. \f*
\s5
\v 21 To those outside the law, I became like one outside the law, although I was not outside the law of God myself, but under the law of Christ. I did this so that I may win those outside the law.
@ -616,7 +616,7 @@
\v 1 Suppose that I speak with the tongues of men and of angels. But if I do not have love, I have become a noisy gong or a clanging cymbal.
\v 2 Suppose that I have the gift of prophecy and understand all hidden truths and knowledge, and that I have all faith so as to remove mountains. But if I do not have love, I am nothing.
\v 3 Suppose that I give all I own to feed the poor, and that I give my body to be burned. But if I do not have love, I gain nothing.
\f + \ft The ULB and UDB, together with most versions, read, \fqa I give my body to be burned \fqa* . Some older versions read, \fqa I give my body so that I might boast \fqa* . \f*
\f + \ft The ULT and UST, together with most versions, read, \fqa I give my body to be burned \fqa* . Some older versions read, \fqa I give my body so that I might boast \fqa* . \f*
\s5
\v 4 Love is patient and kind. Love does not envy or boast. It is not arrogant
@ -709,7 +709,7 @@
\s5
\p
\v 37 If anyone thinks himself to be a prophet or spiritual, he should acknowledge that the things I write to you are a command of the Lord.
\v 38 But if anyone does not recognize this, let him not be recognized. \f + \ft Most versions, including the ULB and UDB, read, \fqa But if anyone does not recognize this, let him not be recognized \fqa* . Some older versions read, \fqa But if anyone is ignorant of this, let him be ignorant \fqa* . \f*
\v 38 But if anyone does not recognize this, let him not be recognized. \f + \ft Most versions, including the ULT and UST, read, \fqa But if anyone does not recognize this, let him not be recognized \fqa* . Some older versions read, \fqa But if anyone is ignorant of this, let him be ignorant \fqa* . \f*
\s5
\p
@ -887,5 +887,5 @@
\v 22 If anyone does not love the Lord, may he be accursed. Our Lord, come!
\v 23 The grace of the Lord Jesus be with you.
\v 24 My love be with you all in Christ Jesus.
\f + \ft Some older versions add, \fqa Amen \fqa* . But many newer versions, including the ULB and UDB, leave it out. \f*
\f + \ft Some older versions add, \fqa Amen \fqa* . But many newer versions, including the ULT and UST, leave it out. \f*

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48-2CO.usfm
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\id 2CO Unlocked Literal Bible
\id 2CO unfoldingWord Literal Text
\ide UTF-8
\h 2 Corinthians
\toc1 The Second Letter of Paul to the Corinthians
@ -309,7 +309,7 @@
\s5
\v 6 So we urged Titus, who had already begun this task, to complete among you this act of grace.
\v 7 But you abound in everything—in faith, in speech, in knowledge, in all diligence, and in your love for us. So also make sure that you excel in this act of grace.
\f + \ft The ULB and UDB, together with many other versions, read, \fqa and in your love for us \fqa* . Some other versions read, \fqa and in our love for you \fqa* . \f*
\f + \ft The ULT and UST, together with many other versions, read, \fqa and in your love for us \fqa* . Some other versions read, \fqa and in our love for you \fqa* . \f*
\s5
\v 8 I say this not as a command. Instead, I say this in order to test the sincerity of your love by comparing it to the eagerness of other people.

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\id GAL Unlocked Literal Bible
\id GAL unfoldingWord Literal Text
\ide UTF-8
\h Galatians
\toc1 The Letter of Paul to the Galatians

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\id EPH Unlocked Literal Bible
\id EPH unfoldingWord Literal Text
\ide UTF-8
\h Ephesians
\toc1 The Letter of Paul to the Ephesians

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\id PHP Unlocked Literal Bible
\id PHP unfoldingWord Literal Text
\ide UTF-8
\h Philippians
\toc1 The Letter of Paul to the Philippians

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\id COL Unlocked Literal Bible
\id COL unfoldingWord Literal Text
\ide UTF-8
\h Colossians
\toc1 The Letter of Paul to the Colossians

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\id 1TH Unlocked Literal Bible
\id 1TH unfoldingWord Literal Text
\ide UTF-8
\h 1 Thessalonians
\toc1 The First Letter of Paul to the Thessalonians

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\id 2TH Unlocked Literal Bible
\id 2TH unfoldingWord Literal Text
\ide UTF-8
\h 2 Thessalonians
\toc1 The Second Letter of Paul to the Thessalonians

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55-1TI.usfm
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\id 1TI Unlocked Literal Bible
\id 1TI unfoldingWord Literal Text
\ide UTF-8
\h 1 Timothy
\toc1 The First Letter of Paul to Timothy

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56-2TI.usfm
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\id 2TI Unlocked Literal Bible
\id 2TI unfoldingWord Literal Text
\ide UTF-8
\h 2 Timothy
\toc1 The Second Letter of Paul to Timothy

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\id TIT Unlocked Literal Bible
\id TIT unfoldingWord Literal Text
\ide UTF-8
\h Titus
\toc1 The Letter of Paul to Titus

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\id PHM Unlocked Literal Bible
\id PHM unfoldingWord Literal Text
\ide UTF-8
\h Philemon
\toc1 The Letter of Paul to Philemon

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\id HEB Unlocked Literal Bible
\id HEB unfoldingWord Literal Text
\ide UTF-8
\h Hebrews
\toc1 The Letter to the Hebrews

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\id JAS Unlocked Literal Bible
\id JAS unfoldingWord Literal Text
\ide UTF-8
\h James
\toc1 The Letter of James

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\id 1PE Unlocked Literal Bible
\id 1PE unfoldingWord Literal Text
\ide UTF-8
\h 1 Peter
\toc1 The First Letter of Peter

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\id 2PE Unlocked Literal Bible
\id 2PE unfoldingWord Literal Text
\ide UTF-8
\h 2 Peter
\toc1 The Second Letter of Peter

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\id 1JN Unlocked Literal Bible
\id 1JN unfoldingWord Literal Text
\ide UTF-8
\h 1 John
\toc1 The First Letter of John

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\id 2JN Unlocked Literal Bible
\id 2JN unfoldingWord Literal Text
\ide UTF-8
\h 2 John
\toc1 The Second Letter of John

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\id 3JN Unlocked Literal Bible
\id 3JN unfoldingWord Literal Text
\ide UTF-8
\h 3 John
\toc1 The Third Letter of John

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\id JUD Unlocked Literal Bible
\id JUD unfoldingWord Literal Text
\ide UTF-8
\h Jude
\toc1 The Letter of Jude

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\id REV Unlocked Literal Bible
\id REV unfoldingWord Literal Text
\ide UTF-8
\h Revelation
\toc1 The Book of Revelation

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LICENSE.md
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# Unlocked Literal Bible
# unfoldingWord Literal Text
*an unrestricted Bible intended for translation into any language*
@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license term
### Under the following conditions:
* **Attribution** — You must attribute the work as follows: "Original work of the Unlocked Literal Bible in English available at https://unfoldingword.org/ulb/". Attribution statements in derivative works should not in any way suggest that we endorse you or your use of this work.
* **Attribution** — You must attribute the work as follows: "Original work of the unfoldingWord Literal Text in English available at https://unfoldingword.org/ulb/". Attribution statements in derivative works should not in any way suggest that we endorse you or your use of this work.
* **ShareAlike** — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
**No additional restrictions** — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

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README.md
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# Unlocked Literal Bible - English
# unfoldingWord Literal Text - English
*an unrestricted Bible intended for translation into any language*
## Overview
The ULB is an open-licensed update of *The American Standard Version*, intended to provide a ‘form-centric’ understanding of the Bible. It increases the translator’s understanding of the lexical and grammatical composition of the underlying text by adhering closely to the word order and structure of the originals.
The ULT is an open-licensed update of *The American Standard Version*, intended to provide a ‘form-centric’ understanding of the Bible. It increases the translator’s understanding of the lexical and grammatical composition of the underlying text by adhering closely to the word order and structure of the originals.
## Viewing
To read or print the ULB, see the [ULB project on Door43](https://door43.org/u/Door43/en_ulb/).
To read or print the ULT, see the [ULT project on Door43](https://door43.org/u/Door43/en_ulb/).
## Contributors
@ -19,36 +19,36 @@ file.
## Editing
### Introduction to the ULB
### Introduction to the ULT
The ULB (Unlocked Literal Bible) is a form-centric, and thus "literal," version of the Bible in English that is intended to be used alongside the UDB (Unlocked Dynamic Bible) and other translation resources to give English-speaking mother-tongue translators (MTTs) the most complete understanding possible of the messages communicated in the Bible. For MTTs who do not have reading knowledge of the original biblical languages, the ULB provides a sense of *how* these messages were communicated in those original languages. It is anticipated that the ULB and other resource will be translated from English into the world's Gateway Languages so that MTTs worldwide can use them as a set of resources for making accurate translations of God's Word into their own languages.
The ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text) is a form-centric, and thus "literal," version of the Bible in English that is intended to be used alongside the UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text) and other translation resources to give English-speaking mother-tongue translators (MTTs) the most complete understanding possible of the messages communicated in the Bible. For MTTs who do not have reading knowledge of the original biblical languages, the ULT provides a sense of *how* these messages were communicated in those original languages. It is anticipated that the ULT and other resource will be translated from English into the world's Gateway Languages so that MTTs worldwide can use them as a set of resources for making accurate translations of God's Word into their own languages.
### Editing the ULB
### Editing the ULT
The Unlocked Literal Bible (ULB) is designed to be used in conjunction with the translationNotes (tN) and the Unlocked Dynamic Bible (UDB) as a tool for Bible translation. It is not an end-user Bible, which seeks to transform all of the structures of the original biblical languages into those that are natural and idiomatic in the target language. Instead, unlike the UDB and unlike an end-user Bible, the ULB is designed to reflect the forms of the source languages, so that the MTT can see what they are. By using the ULB, the MTT can "look through" it to see how the original Bible expressed the biblical ideas. As you edit or translate the ULB, therefore, you must try to retain the grammatical and syntactic structures of the original as far as the target language (English or other Gateway Language) will allow. If the original structure is ungrammatical in the target language, then you will need to change it into a structure that is grammatical. It does no good to make a translation that the MTT using this tool will not be able to understand. But as far as the target language will allow, retain the structures of the original in your editing or translation of the ULB. For English, it is often possible to retain nouns as nouns, verbs as verbs, etc., but their order in the original sentence must be changed.
The unfoldingWord Literal Text (ULT) is designed to be used in conjunction with the translationNotes (tN) and the unfoldingWord Simplified Text (UST) as a tool for Bible translation. It is not an end-user Bible, which seeks to transform all of the structures of the original biblical languages into those that are natural and idiomatic in the target language. Instead, unlike the UST and unlike an end-user Bible, the ULT is designed to reflect the forms of the source languages, so that the MTT can see what they are. By using the ULT, the MTT can "look through" it to see how the original Bible expressed the biblical ideas. As you edit or translate the ULT, therefore, you must try to retain the grammatical and syntactic structures of the original as far as the target language (English or other Gateway Language) will allow. If the original structure is ungrammatical in the target language, then you will need to change it into a structure that is grammatical. It does no good to make a translation that the MTT using this tool will not be able to understand. But as far as the target language will allow, retain the structures of the original in your editing or translation of the ULT. For English, it is often possible to retain nouns as nouns, verbs as verbs, etc., but their order in the original sentence must be changed.
### Retaining Original Structures
The ULB needs to retain the original grammatical forms (as far as is possible), the idioms, and the figures of speech of the original so that the MTT can consider them and use them if they communicate the right thing in his or her target language (minority or Other Language (OL), not Gateway Language). If those forms are removed in the English or get changed in a Gateway Language (GL) translation of the ULB, then the OL translator will never see them and the translationNotes about them will not make sense. Keep in mind that the ULB and the UDB are complementary translation tools for the use of the OL translator. We want these tools to be as useful as possible. For the ULB, this means that it should retain structures that we would not always retain in an end-user Bible. The English editor and the GL translator must understand that this means that the ULB will often lack naturalness and sometimes also lack clarity because it is aiming at reproducing these original language structures and figures of speech that the GL may not normally use. Wherever the ULB translation lacks clarity, however, there will also be a translationNote to explain the meaning of the structure for the OL translator, as well as a clear rendering of the original meaning in the UDB. The translationNotes and the UDB will provide the meaning wherever that meaning is in doubt in the ULB. In this way, the tools will work together to provide the OL translator with a full set of information about both the form and the meaning of the original Bible.
The ULT needs to retain the original grammatical forms (as far as is possible), the idioms, and the figures of speech of the original so that the MTT can consider them and use them if they communicate the right thing in his or her target language (minority or Other Language (OL), not Gateway Language). If those forms are removed in the English or get changed in a Gateway Language (GL) translation of the ULT, then the OL translator will never see them and the translationNotes about them will not make sense. Keep in mind that the ULT and the UST are complementary translation tools for the use of the OL translator. We want these tools to be as useful as possible. For the ULT, this means that it should retain structures that we would not always retain in an end-user Bible. The English editor and the GL translator must understand that this means that the ULT will often lack naturalness and sometimes also lack clarity because it is aiming at reproducing these original language structures and figures of speech that the GL may not normally use. Wherever the ULT translation lacks clarity, however, there will also be a translationNote to explain the meaning of the structure for the OL translator, as well as a clear rendering of the original meaning in the UST. The translationNotes and the UST will provide the meaning wherever that meaning is in doubt in the ULT. In this way, the tools will work together to provide the OL translator with a full set of information about both the form and the meaning of the original Bible.
#### Examples
##### Grammatical Forms
The ULB of Luke 2:47 reproduces a grammatical form from the Greek source language that is also natural in English, but that might not be natural in other languages. When talking about the boy Jesus at the temple, it says, "All who heard him were amazed at his understanding and his answers." The nouns "understanding" and "answers" refer to events, not things, and so must be translated as verbs in many languages.
The UDB of the same verse gives an example of how these nouns can be translated as verbs. It says, "All the people who heard what he said were amazed at how much he understood and how well he answered the questions that the teachers asked."
When editing or translating the ULB, however, nouns should be retained as nouns if that will make sense in the target language.
The ULT of Luke 2:47 reproduces a grammatical form from the Greek source language that is also natural in English, but that might not be natural in other languages. When talking about the boy Jesus at the temple, it says, "All who heard him were amazed at his understanding and his answers." The nouns "understanding" and "answers" refer to events, not things, and so must be translated as verbs in many languages.
The UST of the same verse gives an example of how these nouns can be translated as verbs. It says, "All the people who heard what he said were amazed at how much he understood and how well he answered the questions that the teachers asked."
When editing or translating the ULT, however, nouns should be retained as nouns if that will make sense in the target language.
##### Idioms
The ULB of Matthew 2:20 reproduces an idiom from the Greek source language. It refers to Herod and his soldiers who were trying to kill the child Jesus as, "those who sought the child's life." In some languages this is clear, and in others it is not.
The UDB of the same verse tries to make the meaning clear by translating this idiom as, "the people who were trying to kill the child." When editing or translating the ULB, however, this idiom should be retained as it is, so that the Other Language translator can consider it and use it if it makes sense. The UDB and the translationNotes will always provide the meaning.
The ULT of Matthew 2:20 reproduces an idiom from the Greek source language. It refers to Herod and his soldiers who were trying to kill the child Jesus as, "those who sought the child's life." In some languages this is clear, and in others it is not.
The UST of the same verse tries to make the meaning clear by translating this idiom as, "the people who were trying to kill the child." When editing or translating the ULT, however, this idiom should be retained as it is, so that the Other Language translator can consider it and use it if it makes sense. The UST and the translationNotes will always provide the meaning.
##### Figures of Speech
The ULB of John 1:17 reproduces a figure of speech from the Greek source language. It says, "grace and truth came through Jesus Christ." (This figure of speech is called "personification.") This figure of speech talks as if grace and truth were like people who can come and go, and it talks as if Jesus Christ were like a doorway that they can come through. In some languages this makes sense, but in other languages it does not. The plain meaning is that Jesus Christ acted toward us with grace and taught us true things about God.
The UDB of the same verse tries to make this plain meaning clear by translating it as, "Jesus Christ was kind to us far beyond what we deserved and taught us true things about God."
When translating the ULB, however, this figure of speech should be retained as it is, so that the Other Language translator can consider it and use it if it makes sense. If it does not, the UDB provides an alternative way to translate it.
The ULT of John 1:17 reproduces a figure of speech from the Greek source language. It says, "grace and truth came through Jesus Christ." (This figure of speech is called "personification.") This figure of speech talks as if grace and truth were like people who can come and go, and it talks as if Jesus Christ were like a doorway that they can come through. In some languages this makes sense, but in other languages it does not. The plain meaning is that Jesus Christ acted toward us with grace and taught us true things about God.
The UST of the same verse tries to make this plain meaning clear by translating it as, "Jesus Christ was kind to us far beyond what we deserved and taught us true things about God."
When translating the ULT, however, this figure of speech should be retained as it is, so that the Other Language translator can consider it and use it if it makes sense. If it does not, the UST provides an alternative way to translate it.
### Specific Editing Guidelines
@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ When translating the ULB, however, this figure of speech should be retained as i
* Capitalization issues: in general, we are following the practice of the 2011 NIV.
* All pronouns are lower case (except when beginning sentences and except for the first singular "I").
* Capitalize titles (Son of Man, King David, the Messiah).
* Retain the literal nature of the text–it should complement the "dynamic" UDB rather than be similar to it.
* Use vocabulary and phrases that differ from the UDB. The two translations fail to help the MTT when they are the same.
* Retain the literal nature of the text–it should complement the "dynamic" UST rather than be similar to it.
* Use vocabulary and phrases that differ from the UST. The two translations fail to help the MTT when they are the same.
* Where possible, use common vocabulary that is easy to translate into another language.
### Translation Glossary
@ -70,18 +70,18 @@ However, a TG cannot be foolproof, because the source will often use some words
Note that occasionally, the TG's specified translation will not be suitable. As always, the text editors must remain in control of the decision-making process. The TG is to guide you as much as is possible. If you must depart from the TG guidelines, do so and insert a note to that effect.
#### Translation Glossary for the ULB
#### Translation Glossary for the ULT
Preferred English renderings appear in bold type.
* *brethren* should be updated to **brothers**. When both genders are indicated by the context, a note from the Notes Team should be expected to appear to that effect. Do not replace the ULB text with "brothers and sisters." That change will appear in the UDB.
* *brethren* should be updated to **brothers**. When both genders are indicated by the context, a note from the Notes Team should be expected to appear to that effect. Do not replace the ULT text with "brothers and sisters." That change will appear in the UST.
* *Call* in the ASV usage "call his name": update to "**call him** [+ name]" or "**name him** [+ name]."
* *Call* in the formula of the type, "he shall be called the Son of the Most High" (Luke 1:32): keep this formula in the ULB, but be aware of the metaphor that is operative here: in this verse, Jesus will not only be *called the Son of the Most High*, but he will be the Son of the Most High.
* *Hand* indicating power or possession: keep this metaphor in the ULB.
* Sentence-initial or preverbal *and* of the type, "and Joseph said," "and it came about," etc.: translate these without supplying "and." These occurrences of "and" in the ASV and its derivatives usually occur where the ASV translates the preverbal Greek particle *kai* or the Hebrew *vav * in the *wayyiqtol * verb form. The Greek particle *kai* was usually a Hebraism on the part of the New Testament writers that reflected their understanding that the Hebrew *wayyiqtol * form contained the conjunctive *vav* 'and.' This, however, was a misunderstanding, for modern scholarship has shown that the *wayyiqtol* form was a frozen form with parallels in cognate Semitic languages; it was the preferred Hebrew verb form for signaling event verbs in Hebrew narration. Good English style does not normally allow sentences to begin with "and." Only rarely is it allowable in the ULB, for dramatic effect. Otherwise, when you are tempted to start a sentence with "and," change the preceding period to a comma.
* **Shall** versus **will** : in English future expressions in general, use "**will**" instead of "shall," e.g., "he is a prophet, and he <del>shall</del> **will** pray for you" (Gen 20:7). Note that some ASV future expressions are better updated into today's English by using the present tense, e.g., "I shall not drink from...the fruit of the vine, until the kingdom of God shall come" (Luke 22:18) can be updated to "I **will** not drink...until the kingdom of God **comes**." Cases in which "shall" expresses obligation can usually be restructured, e.g., "You shall not steal" becomes " **Do** not steal," and "Shall I go and smite these Philistines?" (1 Sam. 23:2) becomes "**Should ** I go and attack these Philistines?" This general preference for "will" probably conforms to the instincts of most English native speakers. However, in genres such as prophecies, blessings, curses, and in other passages focusing on the expression of the speaker's intentionality, retain the use of "shall" in the ULB, e.g., "Yahweh said, **'Shall** I hide from Abraham what I am about to do...?'" (Gen 18:17), "A deliverer **shall** come to Zion," "every mountain and hill **shall** be made low."
* *Call* in the formula of the type, "he shall be called the Son of the Most High" (Luke 1:32): keep this formula in the ULT, but be aware of the metaphor that is operative here: in this verse, Jesus will not only be *called the Son of the Most High*, but he will be the Son of the Most High.
* *Hand* indicating power or possession: keep this metaphor in the ULT.
* Sentence-initial or preverbal *and* of the type, "and Joseph said," "and it came about," etc.: translate these without supplying "and." These occurrences of "and" in the ASV and its derivatives usually occur where the ASV translates the preverbal Greek particle *kai* or the Hebrew *vav * in the *wayyiqtol * verb form. The Greek particle *kai* was usually a Hebraism on the part of the New Testament writers that reflected their understanding that the Hebrew *wayyiqtol * form contained the conjunctive *vav* 'and.' This, however, was a misunderstanding, for modern scholarship has shown that the *wayyiqtol* form was a frozen form with parallels in cognate Semitic languages; it was the preferred Hebrew verb form for signaling event verbs in Hebrew narration. Good English style does not normally allow sentences to begin with "and." Only rarely is it allowable in the ULT, for dramatic effect. Otherwise, when you are tempted to start a sentence with "and," change the preceding period to a comma.
* **Shall** versus **will** : in English future expressions in general, use "**will**" instead of "shall," e.g., "he is a prophet, and he <del>shall</del> **will** pray for you" (Gen 20:7). Note that some ASV future expressions are better updated into today's English by using the present tense, e.g., "I shall not drink from...the fruit of the vine, until the kingdom of God shall come" (Luke 22:18) can be updated to "I **will** not drink...until the kingdom of God **comes**." Cases in which "shall" expresses obligation can usually be restructured, e.g., "You shall not steal" becomes " **Do** not steal," and "Shall I go and smite these Philistines?" (1 Sam. 23:2) becomes "**Should ** I go and attack these Philistines?" This general preference for "will" probably conforms to the instincts of most English native speakers. However, in genres such as prophecies, blessings, curses, and in other passages focusing on the expression of the speaker's intentionality, retain the use of "shall" in the ULT, e.g., "Yahweh said, **'Shall** I hide from Abraham what I am about to do...?'" (Gen 18:17), "A deliverer **shall** come to Zion," "every mountain and hill **shall** be made low."
#### Translation Glossary for the Old Testament ULB
#### Translation Glossary for the Old Testament ULT
* *wayehi* "**It came about,**" "**It happened that...**"
* *hinneh* "**Behold**" (when used in normal narrative passages or in narrative embedded in direct speech, such as when Joseph tells his brothers what happened in his dreams). In conversational passages, translate *hinneh * as, "**look**," "**see**," "**see here**," or something else suitable for signaling that what immediately follows in the text is prominent. Some conversational contexts may make it almost impossible to give any translation at all of *hinneh*. – However, in direct reported speech of God or his angel, you may use "**behold**," especially if it lends more dignity in English to the divine words than "look" or "see," etc., would do.
@ -89,9 +89,9 @@ Preferred English renderings appear in bold type.
* *YHWH* **Yahweh** (The ASV uses "Jehovah," but we will not.)
* *Meshiach* "**Messiah**" (almost always, "**the Messiah**," since "Messiah" is a title)
* Expressions of the type, "he knew his wife" or "he went into his wife" should be reproduced as is. The context makes their meaning clear.
* In speech introductions that use two verbs instead of one such as, "he answered and said," please retain this formula in the ULB. This will provide a model for languages which also separate the mode of speech from the act of speech, as does Biblical Hebrew. In the UDB for the same issue, only one verb will be used.
* In speech introductions that use two verbs instead of one such as, "he answered and said," please retain this formula in the ULT. This will provide a model for languages which also separate the mode of speech from the act of speech, as does Biblical Hebrew. In the UST for the same issue, only one verb will be used.
#### Translation Glossary for the New Testament ULB
#### Translation Glossary for the New Testament ULT
* *nomikos* "**expert in the Jewish law**"
* *grammateus* "**scribe**"
@ -100,30 +100,30 @@ Preferred English renderings appear in bold type.
* *anthropos* (ASV: man, men) When referring to humanity in general, use "**mankind**."
* *Messiah* This term sometimes appears in the NT in transliterated Greek. In this case, this term should be translated, "**Messiah**."
* *Xristos* "**Christ**" or "**the Christ**" (the definite article is appropriate if the term is being clearly used as a title; Paul often seems to use *Xristos * as a second name for Jesus, but at times he clearly uses it as a title).
* *gospel* **gospel** will be used in most cases in the ULB, while the UDB will use "good news."
* *gospel* **gospel** will be used in most cases in the ULT, while the UST will use "good news."
* *hagioi* When referring to people, "**saints**." When referring to heavenly beings, "**holy ones**."
### Notes About Making a "Literal" Translation
1. It is not possible to maintain a one-for-one correspondence between words in translation. One word from the source language may require a phrase for its translation in the target language, and vice-versa.
2. Even though the ULB is a "literal" text, that does not mean that every word from the original language will be translated in the same way each time it occurs. We will always seek to use the meaning that the word has in its context, using whatever English word or phrase is closest to that meaning.
3. Both Greek and Hebrew can make a sentence without using a verb, while English cannot. For the ULB to make sense, the verb will always be supplied (usually "is").
4. Greek makes abundant use of participial clauses. For the English of the ULB to make sense, often this must be changed to a relative or adverbial clause.
2. Even though the ULT is a "literal" text, that does not mean that every word from the original language will be translated in the same way each time it occurs. We will always seek to use the meaning that the word has in its context, using whatever English word or phrase is closest to that meaning.
3. Both Greek and Hebrew can make a sentence without using a verb, while English cannot. For the ULT to make sense, the verb will always be supplied (usually "is").
4. Greek makes abundant use of participial clauses. For the English of the ULT to make sense, often this must be changed to a relative or adverbial clause.
5. The general rule is, retain the structures of the original unless English sense does not allow it. If not, make the adjustments necessary.
### The ULB Contrasted with the UDB
### The ULT Contrasted with the UST
The ULB seeks to represent the language **forms** of the original in a way that also makes sense in English and other Gateway Languages. The UDB (Unlocked Dynamic Bible) seeks to represent the **plain meaning** of the original Bible text. This means that:
The ULT seeks to represent the language **forms** of the original in a way that also makes sense in English and other Gateway Languages. The UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text) seeks to represent the **plain meaning** of the original Bible text. This means that:
* the ULB reflects better than the UDB the grammatical structures of the biblical languages.
* the ULB reflects better than the UDB the parts of speech of the biblical languages. The ULB, for example, will seek to use nouns where the original uses nouns, adjectives where the original uses adjectives, and so forth.
* the ULB will reproduce the form of the biblical language logical connections. Thus, for example, the ULB will read, *the righteousness of faith*, even though the logical relationship between *righteousness* and *faith* is not further specified. (Is it the righteousness that comes by faith? Is it the righteousness that vindicates faith?) All that *the righteousness of faith* explicitly signals is that there is some close association in the text between *righteousness* and *faith*, and that we can probably rule out **a number of** conceivable logical relationships between the two concepts, but not **all** possible relationships, as the foregoing example illustrates. In contrast, the UDB will choose the one logical relationship that seems most likely.
* the ULB will reproduce the linear succession of ideas found in the original, even when English may prefer a different arrangement of the same ideas.
* the ULB will not present information that is only **implied** in the original. For example, in Matt. 26:5 *For they were saying, "Not during the feast, so that a riot does not arise among the people."* the implied information is, "Let us not arrest Jesus [during the feast]." The ULB will not overtly represent this implied information, while the UDB will include it.
* the ULB reflects as much as reasonably possible the written style of the original. It reads, for example, "Paul...to Timothy..." instead of English's preferred, "Dear Timothy, [new paragraph] this is Paul."
* the ULB will depart from closely representing the structures of the original only when it must do so for the sake of clarity in English.
* the ULB is not meant to be a refined, polished English version. It is meant to present the structure of the original in a way that is as meaningful as possible, so that it can, in turn, be translated into other languages.
* even when the ULB is ambiguous or not entirely clear (as is often true of the original), **the ULB must never promote to the MTT the wrong meaning**.
* the ULT reflects better than the UST the grammatical structures of the biblical languages.
* the ULT reflects better than the UST the parts of speech of the biblical languages. The ULT, for example, will seek to use nouns where the original uses nouns, adjectives where the original uses adjectives, and so forth.
* the ULT will reproduce the form of the biblical language logical connections. Thus, for example, the ULT will read, *the righteousness of faith*, even though the logical relationship between *righteousness* and *faith* is not further specified. (Is it the righteousness that comes by faith? Is it the righteousness that vindicates faith?) All that *the righteousness of faith* explicitly signals is that there is some close association in the text between *righteousness* and *faith*, and that we can probably rule out **a number of** conceivable logical relationships between the two concepts, but not **all** possible relationships, as the foregoing example illustrates. In contrast, the UST will choose the one logical relationship that seems most likely.
* the ULT will reproduce the linear succession of ideas found in the original, even when English may prefer a different arrangement of the same ideas.
* the ULT will not present information that is only **implied** in the original. For example, in Matt. 26:5 *For they were saying, "Not during the feast, so that a riot does not arise among the people."* the implied information is, "Let us not arrest Jesus [during the feast]." The ULT will not overtly represent this implied information, while the UST will include it.
* the ULT reflects as much as reasonably possible the written style of the original. It reads, for example, "Paul...to Timothy..." instead of English's preferred, "Dear Timothy, [new paragraph] this is Paul."
* the ULT will depart from closely representing the structures of the original only when it must do so for the sake of clarity in English.
* the ULT is not meant to be a refined, polished English version. It is meant to present the structure of the original in a way that is as meaningful as possible, so that it can, in turn, be translated into other languages.
* even when the ULT is ambiguous or not entirely clear (as is often true of the original), **the ULT must never promote to the MTT the wrong meaning**.

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manifest.yaml
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@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ dublin_core:
language: 'en'
version: '1901'
subject: 'Bible'
title: 'Unlocked Literal Bible'
title: 'unfoldingWord Literal Text'
type: 'bundle'
version: '12'