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**Thank you so much for submitting a suggested change.**
We ask that you title the issue starting with the first set of words in the title of the translationWord. For example you will type in the Title field above:
spirit of God
Will you please start your suggestion with a copy of the current text and then put 2 blank lines and then your suggested change below that.
For example:
Abner was the chief commander of Saul’s army, (this is the text of the tW page)
Abner was the** head leader** of Saul’s army (this is a suggested change - with the suggestion in bold)
**We really appreciate your help in making the resources the best they can be!**
(you can replace all of the above text with your suggestions)

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# License
*unfoldingWord® Translation Words*
## Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)
*Copyright © 2021 by unfoldingWord*
This is a human-readable summary of (and not a substitute for) the full license found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/.
This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.
### You are free to:
unfoldingWord® is a registered trademark of unfoldingWord. Use of the unfoldingWord name or logo requires the written permission of unfoldingWord. Under the terms of the CC BY-SA license, you may copy and redistribute this unmodified work as long as you keep the unfoldingWord® trademark intact. If you modify a copy or translate this work, thereby creating a derivative work, you must remove the unfoldingWord® trademark.
* **Share** — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
* **Adapt** — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
On the derivative work, you must indicate what changes you have made and attribute the work as follows: “The original work by unfoldingWord is available from [unfoldingword.org/utw](https://www.unfoldingword.org/utw)”. You must also make your derivative work available under the same license (CC BY-SA).
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
### Under the following conditions:
* **Attribution** — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
* **ShareAlike** — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
**No additional restrictions** — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
### Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
If you would like to notify unfoldingWord regarding your translation of this work, please contact us at [unfoldingword.org/contact/](https://www.unfoldingword.org/contact/).

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# apd_tw
<img src="https://cdn.door43.org/assets/uw-icons/logo-utw-256.png" alt="drawing" width="100"/>
# unfoldingWord® Translation Words
This is the repository for the [unfoldingWord® Translation Words (UTW)](https://www.unfoldingword.org/utw) resource.
## Description
UTW is a basic Bible dictionary that is based on the English vocabulary of the ULT. We intend that it will be translated into other Gateway Languages, each of which will be based on the vocabulary of the GLT in that language. Its purpose is to provide translators with concise definitions of important or difficult biblical concepts, along with translation suggestions for those concepts, to help them make sound translation decisions.
While based on English vocabulary, UTW will seek to organize its definitions by concept, in order to allow GL translators to more easily sort and combine the concepts into the categories and vocabulary of their own Gateway Languages. This means that an English word with multiple sentences will yield one UTW article for each sense. GL translators can then take these articles and arrange them under the appropriate head word or words of their own language.
## Categories
In order to not burden the translator unneccessarily with definitions of routine vocabulary, UTW articles will be limited to the following categories of key or difficult concepts. Concepts that qualify for a UTW article are:
1. Theologically freighted. They carry a lot of theological weight and meaning, so it is important to get them right and be consistent in using them. So even if they aren’t difficult (although they usually are), they are important. Examples: righteousness, forgiveness, sin, grace, love.
2. Unusual or obscure. Examples: abomination, eunuch, iniquity, propitiation, chariot.
3. Have a modern usage but a different ancient/biblical usage. Examples: altar, priest, bless, curse, clean, unclean, church.
4. Unique to the Bible. Examples: Ark, gentile, psalm, tabernacle.
5. Transliterated. Examples: shekel, ephah, amen, apostle, angel.
6. Ambiguous. That is, concepts are lumped together into one English or GL word so that it is unclear which concept is being accessed in any certain context of the ULT or GLT. This is the category that the GL team will need to do the most work in to adjust to the GL. Examples: call, fear, age, great.
## UTW differentiated from UTN, UGL, and UHAL
It is important to note that UTW is only one component in a set of translation tools and resources. It is not intended to cover everything, but only the concepts as described above. It is also important to note that UTW is not based on Hebrew, Aramaic, or Greek and does not provide definitions of terms from those languages. The unfoldingWord® Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon (UHAL) and the unfoldingWord® Greek Lexicon (UGL) will do that.
The two “front-line” checking tools based on UTW and UTN are also complementary and are most useful for the translator when they remain distinct. For that reason, both resources are limited to their own domains. UTW is limited to the categories of key and difficult concepts, and UTN is limited to the categories of difficulties specified for it (figures of speech, grammar, etc.).
The value of UTW for translators is to provide definitions for general concepts that they will find difficult to translate. A primary differentiator between UTW and UTN is that UTN addresses individual, verse-specific difficulties. It speaks to the exact problem in the exact context, many of which may only occur once in the Bible. For example, a UTN metaphor check is backstopped by the general UTA article on metaphor, but the specific note explains the specific metaphor that may be unique to that verse and occur nowhere else. The tool based on UTW, on the other hand, addresses concepts that recur constantly throughout the Bible, so the help that it gives is much more general, and one article may apply dozens of times, even in the same book. The strength of checking with this tool is that it allows translators to see each instance of a recurring concept in its context, but gathered into one place where the translation of each one can be compared side-by-side for appropriateness and consistency.
## Downloading
If you want to download UTW to use, go here: [https://www.unfoldingword.org/utw](https://www.unfoldingword.org/utw). UTW is also included in [tS](https://ufw.io/ts) and [tC](https://ufw.io/tc).
## Improving the tWs
Please use the [issue queue](https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tw/issues) to provide feedback or suggestions for improvement.
If you want to make your suggested changes then you may use the online editor to do so. See the [protected branch workflow](https://forum.ccbt.bible/t/protected-branch-workflow/76) document for step by step instructions.
## Structure
The tWs are organized into three sub directories under `bible`.
* The subdirectory `kt` contains “key terms” which we consider to be of special importance in the Bible.
* The subdirectory `other` contains terms which require explanation but are of less importance than the “key terms.”
* The subdirectory `names` contains proper names of people and places in the Bible.
## GL Translators
### tW Translation Philosophy
To learn the philosophy of how to translate the tWs please see the [Translate the translationWords](https://gl-manual.readthedocs.io/en/latest/gl_translation.html#translating-translationwords) article in the [Gateway Language Manual](https://gl-manual.readthedocs.io/).
If you are translating online, please fork the [Door43-Catalog/en_tw](https://git.door43.org/Door43-Catalog/en_tw) repository, following this workflow: [Translate Content Online](https://forum.ccbt.bible/t/translate-content-online/75).
## License
See the [LICENSE](https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tw/src/branch/master/LICENSE.md) file for licensing information.

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# abomination, abominable
## Definition:
The term “abomination” is used to refer to something that causes disgust or extreme dislike.
* The Egyptians considered the Hebrew people to be an “abomination.” This means that the Egyptians disliked the Hebrews and didn’t want to associate with them or be near them.
* Some of the things that the Bible calls “an abomination to Yahweh” include lying, pride, sacrificing humans, worship of idols, murder, and sexual sins such as adultery and homosexual acts.
* In teaching his disciples about the end times, Jesus referred to a prophecy by the prophet Daniel about an “abomination of desolation” that would be set up as a rebellion against God, defiling his place of worship.
## Translation Suggestions:
* The term “abomination” could also be translated by “something God hates” or “something disgusting” or “disgusting practice” or “very evil action.”
* Depending on the context, ways to translate the phrase “is an abomination to” could include “is greatly hated by” or “is disgusting to” or “is totally unacceptable to” or “causes deep disgust.”
* The phrase “abomination of desolation” could be translated as “defiling object that causes people to be greatly harmed” or “disgusting thing that causes great sorrow.”
(See also: [adultery](../kt/adultery.md), [desecrate](../other/desecrate.md), [desolate](../other/desolate.md), [false god](../kt/falsegod.md), [sacrifice](../other/sacrifice.md))
## Bible References:
* [Ezra 9:1-2](rc://en/tn/help/ezr/09/01)
* [Genesis 46:34](rc://en/tn/help/gen/46/34)
* [Isaiah 1:13](rc://en/tn/help/isa/01/13)
* [Matthew 24:15](rc://en/tn/help/mat/24/15)
* [Proverbs 26:25](rc://en/tn/help/pro/26/25)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H0887, H6292, H8251, H8262, H8263, H8441, G946

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# adoption, adopt, adopted
## Definition:
The terms “adopt” and “adoption” refer to the process of someone legally becoming the child of people who are not his biological parents.
* The Bible uses “adoption” and “adopt” in a figurative way to describe how God causes people to be part of his family, making them his spiritual sons and daughters.
* As adopted children, God makes believers to be co-heirs with Jesus Christ, giving them all of the privileges of sons and daughters of God.
## Translation Suggestions:
* This term could be translated with a term that the language of translation uses to describe this special parent-child relationship. Make sure it is understood that this has a figurative or spiritual meaning.
* The phrase “experience adoption as sons” could be translated as “be adopted by God as his children” or “become God’s (spiritual) children.”
* To “wait for the adoption of sons” could be translated as “look forward to becoming God’s children” or “wait expectantly for God to receive as children.”
* The phrase “adopt them” could be translated as “receive them as his own children” or “make them his own (spiritual) children.”
(See also: [heir](../other/heir.md), [inherit](../kt/inherit.md), [spirit](../kt/spirit.md))
## Bible References:
* [Ephesians 1:5](rc://en/tn/help/eph/01/5)
* [Galatians 4:3-5](rc://en/tn/help/gal/04/03)
* [Romans 8:14-15](rc://en/tn/help/rom/08/14)
* [Romans 8:23](rc://en/tn/help/rom/08/23)
* [Romans 9:4](rc://en/tn/help/rom/09/04)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: G5206

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# adultery, adulterous, adulterer, adulteress
## Definition:
The term “adultery” refers to a sin that occurs when a married person has sexual relations with someone who is not that person’s spouse. Both of them are guilty of adultery. The term “adulterous” describes this kind of behavior or any person who commits this sin.
* The term “adulterer” refers generally to any person who commits adultery.
* Sometimes the term “adulteress” is used to specify that it was a woman who committed adultery.
* Adultery breaks the promises that a husband and wife made to each other in their covenant of marriage.
* God commanded the Israelites to not commit adultery.
## Translation Suggestions:
* If the target language does not have one word that means “adultery,” this term could be translated with a phrase such as “having sexual relations with someone else’s wife” or “being intimate with another person’s spouse.”
* Some languages may have an indirect way of talking about adultery, such as “sleeping with someone else’s spouse” or “being unfaithful to one’s wife.” (See: [euphemism](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism))
(See also: [commit](../other/commit.md), [covenant](../kt/covenant.md), [sexual immorality](../other/fornication.md), [sleep with](../other/sex.md), [faithful](../kt/faithful.md))
## Bible References:
* [Exodus 20:14](rc://en/tn/help/exo/20/14)
* [Hosea 4:1-2](rc://en/tn/help/hos/04/01)
* [Luke 16:18](rc://en/tn/help/luk/16/18)
* [Matthew 5:28](rc://en/tn/help/mat/05/28)
* [Matthew 12:39](rc://en/tn/help/mat/12/39)
* [Revelation 2:22](rc://en/tn/help/rev/02/22)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[13:6](rc://en/tn/help/obs/13/06)__ “Do not commit __adultery__.”
* __[28:2](rc://en/tn/help/obs/28/02)__ Do not commit __adultery__.
* __[34:7](rc://en/tn/help/obs/34/07)__ “The religious leader prayed like this, ‘Thank you, God, that I am not a sinner like other men-such as robbers, unjust men, __adulterers__, or even like that tax collector.’”
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H5003, H5004, G3428, G3429, G3430, G3431, G3432

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# Almighty
## Facts:
The term “Almighty” literally means “all-powerful.” In the Bible, this term always refers to God.
* The titles “the Almighty” or “the Almighty One” refer to God and reveal that he has complete power and authority over everything.
* This term is also used to describe God in the titles “Almighty God” and “God Almighty” and “Lord Almighty” and “Lord God Almighty.”
## Translation Suggestions:
* This term could also be translated as “All-powerful” or “Completely Powerful One” or “God, who is completely powerful.”
* Ways to translate the phrase “Lord God Almighty” could include “God, the Powerful Ruler” or “Powerful Sovereign God” or “Mighty God who is Master over everything.”
(Translation suggestions: [How to Translate Names](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names))
(See also: [God](../kt/god.md), [lord](../kt/lord.md), [power](../kt/power.md))
## Bible References:
* [Exodus 6:2-5](rc://en/tn/help/exo/06/02)
* [Genesis 17:1](rc://en/tn/help/gen/17/01)
* [Genesis 35:11-13](rc://en/tn/help/gen/35/11)
* [Job 8:3](rc://en/tn/help/job/08/03)
* [Numbers 24:15-16](rc://en/tn/help/num/24/15)
* [Revelation 1:7-8](rc://en/tn/help/rev/01/07)
* [Ruth 1:19-21](rc://en/tn/help/rut/01/19)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H7706, G3841

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# altar
## Definition:
An altar was a raised structure on which the Israelites burned animals and grains as offerings to God.
* During Bible times, simple altars were often made by forming a mound of packed-down dirt or by carefully placing large stones to form a stable pile.
* Some special box-shaped altars were made of wood overlaid with metals such as gold, brass, or bronze.
* Other people groups living near the Israelites also built altars to offer sacrifices to their gods.
(See also: [altar of incense](../other/altarofincense.md), [false god](../kt/falsegod.md), [grain offering](../other/grainoffering.md), [sacrifice](../other/sacrifice.md))
## Bible References:
* [Genesis 8:20](rc://en/tn/help/gen/08/20)
* [Genesis 22:9](rc://en/tn/help/gen/22/09)
* [James 2:21](rc://en/tn/help/jas/02/21)
* [Luke 11:49-51](rc://en/tn/help/luk/11/49)
* [Matthew 5:23](rc://en/tn/help/mat/05/23)
* [Matthew 23:19](rc://en/tn/help/mat/23/19)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[3:14](rc://en/tn/help/obs/03/14)__ After Noah got off the boat, he built an __altar__ and sacrificed some of each kind of animal which could be used for a sacrifice.
* __[5:8](rc://en/tn/help/obs/05/08)__ When they reached the place of sacrifice, Abraham tied up his son Isaac and laid him on an __altar__.
* __[13:9](rc://en/tn/help/obs/13/09)__ A priest would kill the animal and burn it on the __altar__.
* __[16:6](rc://en/tn/help/obs/16/06)__ He (Gideon) built a new altar dedicated to God near where the __altar__ to the idol used to be and made a sacrifice to God on it.
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H741, H2025, H4056, H4196, G1041, G2379

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# amen, truly
## Definition:
The term “amen” is a word used to emphasize or call attention to what a person has said. It is often used at the end of a prayer. Sometimes it is translated as “truly.”
* When used at the end of a prayer, “amen” communicates agreement with the prayer or expresses a desire that the prayer be fulfilled.
* In his teaching, Jesus used “amen” to emphasize the truth of what he said. He often followed that by “and I say to you” to introduce another teaching that related to the previous teaching.
* When Jesus uses “amen” this way, some English versions (and the ULT) translate this as “verily” or “truly.”
* Another word meaning “truly” is sometimes translated as “surely” or “certainly” and is also used to emphasize what the speaker is saying.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Consider whether the target language has a special word or phrase that is used to emphasize something that has been said.
* When used at the end of a prayer or to confirm something, “amen” could be translated as “let it be so” or “may this happen” or “that is true.”
* When Jesus says, “truly I tell you,” this could also be translated as “Yes, I tell you sincerely” or “That is true, and I also tell you.”
* The phrase “truly, truly I tell you” could be translated as “I tell you this very sincerely” or “I tell you this very earnestly” or “what I am telling you is true.”
(See also: [fulfill](../kt/fulfill.md), [true](../kt/true.md))
## Bible References:
* [Deuteronomy 27:15](rc://en/tn/help/deu/27/15)
* [John 5:19](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/05/19)
* [Jude 1:24-25](rc://en/tn/help/jud/01/24)
* [Matthew 26:33-35](rc://en/tn/help/mat/26/33)
* [Philemon 1:23-25](rc://en/tn/help/phm/01/23)
* [Revelation 22:20-21](rc://en/tn/help/rev/22/20)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H543, G281

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# angel, archangel
## Definition:
An angel is a powerful spirit being whom God created. Angels exist to serve God by doing whatever he tells them to do. The term “archangel” refers to the angel who rules or leads all the other angels.
* The word “angel” literally means “messenger.”
* The term “archangel” literally means “chief messenger.” The only angel referred to in the Bible as an “archangel” is Michael.
* In the Bible, angels gave messages to people from God. These messages included instructions about what God wanted the people to do.
* Angels also told people about events that were going to happen in the future or events that had already happened.
* Angels have God’s authority as his representatives and sometimes in the Bible they spoke as if God himself was speaking.
* Other ways that angels serve God are by protecting and strengthening people.
* A special phrase, “angel of Yahweh,” has more than one possible meaning: (1) It may mean “angel who represents Yahweh” or “messenger who serves Yahweh.” (2) It may refer to Yahweh himself, who looked like an angel as he talked to a person. Either one of these meanings would explain the angel’s use of “I” as if Yahweh himself was talking.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Ways to translate “angel” could include “messenger from God” or “God’s heavenly servant” or “God’s spirit messenger.”
* The term “archangel” could be translated as “chief angel” or “head ruling angel” or “leader of the angels.”
* Also consider how these terms are translated in a national language or another local language.
* The phrase “angel of Yahweh” should be translated using the words for “angel” and “Yahweh.” This will allow for different interpretations of that phrase. Possible translations could include “angel from Yahweh” or “angel sent by Yahweh” or “Yahweh, who looked like an angel.”
(See also: [How to Translate Unknowns](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown))
(See also: [chief](../other/chief.md), [head](../other/head.md), [messenger](../other/messenger.md), [Michael](../names/michael.md), [ruler](../other/ruler.md), [servant](../other/servant.md))
## Bible References:
* [2 Samuel 24:16](rc://en/tn/help/2sa/24/16)
* [Acts 10:3-6](rc://en/tn/help/act/10/03)
* [Acts 12:23](rc://en/tn/help/act/12/23)
* [Colossians 2:18-19](rc://en/tn/help/col/02/18)
* [Genesis 48:16](rc://en/tn/help/gen/48/16)
* [Luke 2:13](rc://en/tn/help/luk/02/13)
* [Mark 8:38](rc://en/tn/help/mrk/08/38)
* [Matthew 13:50](rc://en/tn/help/mat/13/50)
* [Revelation 1:20](rc://en/tn/help/rev/01/20)
* [Zechariah 1:9](rc://en/tn/help/zec/01/09)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[2:12](rc://en/tn/help/obs/02/12)__ God placed large, powerful __angels__ at the entrance to the garden to keep anyone from eating the fruit of the tree of life.
* __[22:3](rc://en/tn/help/obs/22/03)__ The __angel__ responded to Zechariah, “I was sent by God to bring you this good news.”
* __[23:6](rc://en/tn/help/obs/23/06)__ Suddenly, a shining __angel__ appeared to them (the shepherds), and they were terrified. The __angel__ said, “Do not be afraid, because I have some good news for you.”
* __[23:7](rc://en/tn/help/obs/23/07)__ Suddenly, the skies were filled with __angels__ praising God.
* __[25:8](rc://en/tn/help/obs/25/08)__ Then __angels__ came and took care of Jesus.
* __[38:12](rc://en/tn/help/obs/38/12)__ Jesus was very troubled and his sweat was like drops of blood. God sent an __angel__ to strengthen him.
* __[38:15](rc://en/tn/help/obs/38/15)__ “I could ask the Father for an army of __angels__ to defend me.”
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H47, H430, H4397, H4398, H8136, G32, G743, G2465

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# anoint, anointed, anointing
## Definition:
The term “anoint” means to rub or pour oil on a person or object. Sometimes the oil was mixed with spices, giving it a sweet, perfumed smell. In biblical times, there were several reasons for anointing someone with oil.
* In the Old Testament, priests, kings, and prophets were anointed with oil to set them apart for special service to God.
* Objects such as altars or the tabernacle were also anointed with oil to show that they were to be used to worship and glorify God.
* In the New Testament, sick people were anointed with oil for their healing.
* The New Testament records two times that Jesus was anointed with perfumed oil by a woman, as an act of worship. One time Jesus commented that in doing this she was preparing him for his future burial.
* After Jesus died, his friends prepared his body for burial by anointing it with oils and spices.
* The titles “Messiah” (Hebrew) and “Christ” (Greek) mean “the Anointed (One).”
* Jesus the Messiah is the one who was chosen and anointed as a Prophet, High Priest, and King.
* In biblical times, a woman might anoint herself with perfume to make herself more sexually attractive.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Depending on the context, the term “anoint” could be translated as “pour oil on” or “put oil on” or “consecrate by pouring perfumed oil on.”
* To “be anointed” could be translated as “be consecrated with oil.” or “be appointed” or “be consecrated.”
* In some contexts the term “anoint” could be translated as “appoint.”
* A phrase like “the anointed priest,” could be translated as “the priest who was consecrated with oil” or “the priest who was set apart by the pouring on of oil.”
(See also: [Christ](../kt/christ.md), [consecrate](../kt/consecrate.md), [high priest](../kt/highpriest.md), [King of the Jews](../kt/kingofthejews.md), [priest](../kt/priest.md), [prophet](../kt/prophet.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 John 2:20](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/02/20)
* [1 John 2:27](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/02/27)
* [1 Samuel 16:2-3](rc://en/tn/help/1sa/16/02)
* [Acts 4:27-28](rc://en/tn/help/act/04/27)
* [Amos 6:5-6](rc://en/tn/help/amo/06/05)
* [Exodus 29:5-7](rc://en/tn/help/exo/29/05)
* [James 5:13-15](rc://en/tn/help/jas/05/13)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H47, H430, H1101, H1878, H3323, H4397, H4398, H4473, H4886, H4888, H4899, H5480, H8136, G32, G218, G743, G1472, G2025, G3462, G5545, G5548

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# antichrist
## Definition:
The term “antichrist” refers to a person or teaching that is against Jesus Christ and his work. There are many antichrists in the world.
* The apostle John wrote that a person is the antichrist if he deceives people by saying that Jesus is not the Messiah or if he denies that Jesus is both God and human.
* The Bible also teaches that there is a general spirit of antichrist in the world which opposes Jesus’ work.
* The New Testament book of Revelation explains that there will be a man called “the antichrist” who will be revealed in the end times. This man will attempt to destroy God’s people, but he will be defeated by Jesus.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Other ways to translate this term could include a word or phrase that means “Christ-opposer” or “enemy of Christ” or “person who is against Christ.”
* The phrase “spirit of the antichrist” could also be translated as “spirit that is against Christ” or “(someone) teaching lies about Christ” or “attitude of believing lies about Christ” or “spirit that teaches lies about Christ.”
* Also consider how this term is translated in a Bible translation in a local or national language. (See: [How to Translate Unknowns](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown))
(See also: [Christ](../kt/christ.md), [reveal](../kt/reveal.md), [tribulation](../other/tribulation.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 John 2:18](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/02/18)
* [1 John 4:3](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/04/03)
* [2 John 1:7](rc://en/tn/help/2jn/01/07)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: G500

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# apostle, apostleship
## Definition:
The “apostles” were men sent by Jesus to preach about God and his kingdom. The term “apostleship” refers to the position and authority of those who were chosen as apostles.
* The word “apostle” means “someone who is sent out for a special purpose.” The apostle has the same authority as the one who sent him.
* Jesus’ twelve closest disciples became the first apostles. Other men, such as Paul and James, also became apostles.
* By God’s power, the apostles were able to boldly preach the gospel and heal people, and were able to force demons to come out of people.
## Translation Suggestions:
* The word “apostle” can also be translated with a word or phrase that means “someone who is sent out” or “sent-out one” or “person who is called to go out and preach God’s message to people.”
* It is important to translate the terms “apostle” and “disciple” in different ways.
* Also consider how this term was translated in a Bible translation in a local or national language. (See [How to Translate Unknowns](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown))
(See also: [authority](../kt/authority.md), [disciple](../kt/disciple.md), [James (son of Zebedee)](../names/jamessonofzebedee.md), [Paul](../names/paul.md), [the twelve](../kt/thetwelve.md))
## Bible References:
* [Jude 1:17-19](rc://en/tn/help/jud/01/17)
* [Luke 9:12-14](rc://en/tn/help/luk/09/12)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[26:10](rc://en/tn/help/obs/26/10)__ Then Jesus chose twelve men who were called his __apostles__. The __apostles__ traveled with Jesus and learned from him.
* __[30:1](rc://en/tn/help/obs/30/01)__ Jesus sent his __apostles__ to preach and to teach people in many different villages.
* __[38:2](rc://en/tn/help/obs/38/02)__ Judas was one of Jesus’ __apostles__. He was in charge of the __apostles’__ money bag, but he loved money and often stole from the bag.
* __[43:13](rc://en/tn/help/obs/43/13)__ The disciples devoted themselves to the __apostles’__ teaching, fellowship, eating together, and prayer.
* __[46:8](rc://en/tn/help/obs/46/08)__ Then a believer named Barnabas took Saul to the __apostles__ and told them how Saul had preached boldly in Damascus.
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: G651, G652, G2491, G5376, G5570

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# appoint, appointed
## Definition:
The terms “appoint” and “appointed” refer to choosing someone to fulfill a specific task or role.
* To “be appointed” can also refer to being “chosen” to receive something, as in “appointed to eternal life.” That people were “appointed to eternal life” means they were chosen to receive eternal life.
* The phrase “appointed time” refers to God’s “chosen time” or “planned time” for something to happen.
* The word “appoint” may also mean to “command” or “assign” someone to do something.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Depending on the context, ways to translate “appoint” could include “choose” or “assign” or “formally choose” or “designate.”
* The term “appointed” could be translated as “assigned” or “planned” or “specifically chose.”
* The phrase “be appointed” could also be translated as “be chosen.”
## Bible References:
* [1 Samuel 8:11](rc://en/tn/help/1sa/08/11)
* [Acts 3:20](rc://en/tn/help/act/03/20)
* [Acts 6:2](rc://en/tn/help/act/06/02)
* [Acts 13:48](rc://en/tn/help/act/13/48)
* [Genesis 41:33-34](rc://en/tn/help/gen/41/33)
* [Numbers 3:9-10](rc://en/tn/help/num/03/09)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H561, H977, H2163, H2296, H2706, H2708, H2710, H3198, H3245, H3259, H3677, H3983, H4150, H4151, H4152, H4483, H4487, H4662, H5324, H5344, H5414, H5567, H5975, H6310, H6485, H6565, H6635, H6680, H6923, H6942, H6966, H7760, H7896, G322, G606, G1299, G1303, G1935, G2525, G2749, G4287, G4296, G4384, G4929, G5021, G5087

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# ark
## Definition:
The term “ark” literally refers to a rectangular wooden box that is made to hold or protect something. An ark can be large or small, depending on what it is being used for.
* In the English Bible, the word “ark” is first used to refer to the very large, rectangular, wooden boat that Noah built to escape the worldwide flood. The ark had a flat bottom, a roof, and walls.
* Ways to translate this term could include “very large boat” or “barge” or “cargo ship” or “large, box-shaped boat.”
* The Hebrew word that is used to refer to this huge boat is the same word used for the basket or box that held baby Moses when his mother put him in the Nile River to hide him. In that case it is usually translated as “basket.”
* In the phrase “ark of the covenant,” a different Hebrew word is used for “ark.” This could be translated as “box” or “chest” or “container.”
* When choosing a term to translate “ark,” it is important in each context to consider what size it is and what it is being used for.
(See also: [ark of the covenant](../kt/arkofthecovenant.md), [basket](../other/basket.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Peter 3:20](rc://en/tn/help/1pe/03/20)
* [Exodus 16:33-36](rc://en/tn/help/exo/16/33)
* [Exodus 30:6](rc://en/tn/help/exo/30/06)
* [Genesis 8:4-5](rc://en/tn/help/gen/08/04)
* [Luke 17:27](rc://en/tn/help/luk/17/27)
* [Matthew 24:37-39](rc://en/tn/help/mat/24/37)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H727, H8392, G2787

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# ark of the covenant, ark of Yahweh
## Definition:
These terms refer to a special wooden chest, overlaid with gold, that contained the two stone tablets on which the Ten Commandments were written. It also contained Aaron’s staff and a jar of manna.
* The term “ark” here could be translated as “box” or “chest” or “container.”
* The objects in this chest reminded the Israelites of God’s covenant with them.
* The ark of the covenant was located in the “most holy place.”
* God’s presence was above the ark of the covenant in the most holy place of the tabernacle, where he spoke to Moses on behalf of the Israelites.
* During the time that the ark of the covenant was in the most holy place of the temple, the high priest was the only one who could approach the ark, once a year on the Day of Atonement.
* Many English versions translate the term “covenant decrees” literally as “testimony.” This refers to the fact that the Ten Commandments were a testimony or witness to God’s covenant with his people. It is also translated as “covenant law.”
(See also: [ark](../kt/ark.md), [covenant](../kt/covenant.md), [atonement](../kt/atonement.md), [holy place](../kt/holyplace.md), [testimony](../kt/testimony.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Samuel 6:15](rc://en/tn/help/1sa/06/15)
* [Exodus 25:10-11](rc://en/tn/help/exo/25/10)
* [Hebrews 9:5](rc://en/tn/help/heb/09/05)
* [Judges 20:27](rc://en/tn/help/jdg/20/27)
* [Numbers 7:89](rc://en/tn/help/num/07/89)
* [Revelation 11:19](rc://en/tn/help/rev/11/19)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H727, H1285, H3068

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# atonement, atone, atoned
## Definition:
The terms “atone” and “atonement” refer to how God provided a sacrifice to pay for people’s sins and to appease his wrath for sin.
* In Old Testament times, God allowed temporary atonement to be made for the sins of the Israelites by the offering of a blood sacrifice, which involved killing an animal.
* As recorded in the New Testament, Christ’s death on the cross is the only true and permanent atonement for sin.
* When Jesus died, he took the punishment that people deserve because of their sin. He paid the atonement price with his sacrificial death.
## Translation Suggestions:
* The term “atone” could be translated by a word or phrase that means “pay for” or “provide payment for” or “cause someone’s sins to be forgiven” or “make amends for a crime.”
* Ways to translate “atonement” could include “payment” or “sacrifice to pay for sin” or “providing the means of forgiveness.”
* Make sure the translation of this term does not refer to payment of money.
(See also: [atonement lid](../kt/atonementlid.md), [forgive](../kt/forgive.md), [propitiation](../kt/propitiation.md), [reconcile](../kt/reconcile.md), [redeem](../kt/redeem.md))
## Bible References:
* [Ezekiel 43:25-27](rc://en/tn/help/ezk/43/25)
* [Ezekiel 45:18-20](rc://en/tn/help/ezk/45/18)
* [Leviticus 4:20](rc://en/tn/help/lev/04/20)
* [Numbers 5:8](rc://en/tn/help/num/05/08)
* [Numbers 28:22](rc://en/tn/help/num/28/22)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H3722, H3725, G2643

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# atonement lid
## Definition:
The “atonement lid” was a slab of gold that was used to cover the top of the ark of the covenant. In many English translations, it is also referred to as an “atonement cover.”
* The atonement lid was about 115 centimeters in length and 70 centimeters in width.
* Above the atonement lid were two gold cherubim with their wings touching.
* Yahweh said that he would meet with the Israelites above the atonement lid, under the outstretched wings of the cherubim. Only the high priest was permitted to meet with Yahweh in this way, as the representative of the people.
* Sometimes this atonement lid has been referred to as a “mercy seat” because it communicates God’s mercy in coming down to redeem sinful human beings.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Other ways to translate this term could include “ark covering where God promises to redeem” or “place where God atones” or “lid of ark where God forgives and restores.”
* Can also mean “place of propitiation.”
* Compare this term with how you translated “atonement,” “propitiation,” and “redemption.”
(See also: [ark of the covenant](../kt/arkofthecovenant.md), [atonement](../kt/atonement.md), [cherubim](../other/cherubim.md), [propitiation](../kt/propitiation.md), [redeem](../kt/redeem.md))
## Bible References:
* [Exodus 25:17](rc://en/tn/help/exo/25/17)
* [Exodus 30:6](rc://en/tn/help/exo/30/06)
* [Exodus 40:17-20](rc://en/tn/help/exo/40/17)
* [Leviticus 16:1-2](rc://en/tn/help/lev/16/01)
* [Numbers 7:89](rc://en/tn/help/num/07/89)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H3727, G2435

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# authority
## Definition:
The term “authority” usually refers to a position of influence, responsibility, or rule over another person.
* Kings and other governing rulers have authority over the people they are ruling.
* The word “authorities” can refer to people, governments, or organizations that have authority over others.
* The word “authorities” can also refer to spirit beings who have power over people who have not submitted themselves to God’s authority.
* Masters have authority over their servants or slaves. Parents have authority over their children.
* Governments have the authority or right to make laws that govern their citizens.
## Translation Suggestions:
* The term “authority” can also be translated as “control” or “right” or “qualifications.”
* Sometimes “authority” is used with the meaning of “power.”
* When “authorities” is used to refer to people or organizations who rule people, it could also be translated as “leaders” or “rulers” or “powers.”
* The phrase “by his own authority” could also be translated as “with his own right to lead” or “based on his own qualifications.”
* The expression, “under authority” could be translated as “responsible to obey” or “having to obey others’ commands.”
(See also: [king](../other/king.md), [ruler](../other/ruler.md), [power](../kt/power.md))
## Bible References:
* [Colossians 2:10](rc://en/tn/help/col/02/10)
* [Esther 9:29](rc://en/tn/help/est/09/29)
* [Genesis 41:35](rc://en/tn/help/gen/41/35)
* [Jonah 3:6-7](rc://en/tn/help/jon/03/06)
* [Luke 12:5](rc://en/tn/help/luk/12/05)
* [Luke 20:1-2](rc://en/tn/help/luk/20/01)
* [Mark 1:22](rc://en/tn/help/mrk/01/22)
* [Matthew 8:9](rc://en/tn/help/mat/08/09)
* [Matthew 28:19](rc://en/tn/help/mat/28/19)
* [Titus 3:1](rc://en/tn/help/tit/03/01)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H8633, G831, G1413, G1849, G1850, G2003, G2715, G5247

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# baptize, baptized, baptism
## Definition:
In the New Testament, the terms “baptize” and “baptism” usually refer to ritually bathing a Christian with water to show that he has been cleansed from sin and has been united with Christ.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Christians have different views about how a person should be baptized with water. It is probably best to translate this term in a general way that allows for different ways of applying the water.
* Depending on the context, the term “baptize” could be translated as “purify,” “pour out on,” “plunge (or dip) into,” “wash.” For example, “baptize you with water” could be translated as “plunge you into water.”
* The term “baptism” could be translated as “purification,” “a pouring out,” “a dipping,” “a cleansing.”
* Also consider how this term is translated in a Bible translation in a local or national language.
(See also: [How to Translate Unknowns](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown))
(See also: [John (the Baptist)](../names/johnthebaptist.md), [repent](../kt/repent.md), [Holy Spirit](../kt/holyspirit.md))
## Bible References:
* [Acts 2:38](rc://en/tn/help/act/02/38)
* [Acts 8:36](rc://en/tn/help/act/08/36)
* [Acts 9:18](rc://en/tn/help/act/09/18)
* [Acts 10:48](rc://en/tn/help/act/10/48)
* [Luke 3:16](rc://en/tn/help/luk/03/16)
* [Matthew 3:14](rc://en/tn/help/mat/03/14)
* [Matthew 28:18-19](rc://en/tn/help/mat/28/18)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[24:3](rc://en/tn/help/obs/24/03)__ When people heard John’s message, many of them repented from their sins, and John __baptized__ them. Many religious leaders also came to be __baptized__ by John, but they did not repent or confess their sins.
* __[24:6](rc://en/tn/help/obs/24/06)__ The next day, Jesus came to be __baptized__ by John.
* __[24:7](rc://en/tn/help/obs/24/07)__ John said to Jesus, “I am not worthy to __baptize__ you. You should __baptize__ me instead.”
* __[42:10](rc://en/tn/help/obs/42/10)__ “So go, make disciples of all people groups by __baptizing__ them in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit and by teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you.”
* __[43:11](rc://en/tn/help/obs/43/11)__ Peter answered them, “Every one of you should repent and be __baptized__ in the name of Jesus Christ so that God will forgive your sins.”
* __[43:12](rc://en/tn/help/obs/43/12)__ About 3,000 people believed what Peter said and became disciples of Jesus. They were __baptized__ and became part of the church at Jerusalem.
* __[45:11](rc://en/tn/help/obs/45/11)__ As Philip and the Ethiopian traveled, they came to some water. The Ethiopian said, “Look! There is some water! May I be __baptized__?”
* __[46:5](rc://en/tn/help/obs/46/05)__ Saul immediately was able to see again, and Ananias __baptized__ him.
* __[49:14](rc://en/tn/help/obs/49/14)__ Jesus invites you to believe in him and be __baptized__.
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: G907

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# believe, believer, belief, unbeliever, unbelief
## Definition:
The terms “believe” and “believe in” are closely related, but have slightly different meanings:
### 1. believe
* To believe something is to accept or trust that it is true.
* To believe someone is to acknowledge that what that person has said is true.
### 2. believe in
* To “believe in” someone means to “trust in” that person. It means to trust that the person is who he says he is, that he always speaks the truth, and that he will do what he has promised to do.
* When a person truly believes in something, he will act in such a way that shows that belief.
* The phrase “have faith in” usually has the same meaning as “believe in.”
* To “believe in Jesus” means to believe that he is the Son of God, that he is God himself who also became human and who died as a sacrifice to pay for our sins. It means to trust him as Savior and live in a way that honors him.
### 3. believer
In the Bible, the term “believer” refers to someone who believes in and relies on Jesus Christ as Savior.
* The term “believer” literally means “person who believes.”
* The term “Christian” eventually came to be the main title for believers because it indicates that they believe in Christ and obey his teachings.
### 4. unbelief
The term “unbelief” refers to not believing something or someone.
* In the Bible, “unbelief” refers to not believing in or not trusting in Jesus as one’s Savior.
* A person who does not believe in Jesus is called an “unbeliever.”
## Translation Suggestions:
* To “believe” could be translated as to “know to be true” or “know to be right.”
* To “believe in” could be translated as “trust completely” or “trust and obey” or “completely rely on and follow.”
* Some translations may prefer to say “believer in Jesus” or “believer in Christ.”
* This term could also be translated by a word or phrase that means “person who trusts in Jesus” or “someone who knows Jesus and lives for him.”
* Other ways to translate “believer” could be “follower of Jesus” or “person who knows and obeys Jesus.”
* The term “believer” is a general term for any believer in Christ, while “disciple” and “apostle” were used more specifically for people who knew Jesus while he was alive. It is best to translate these terms in different ways, in order to keep them distinct.
* Other ways to translate “unbelief” could include “lack of faith” or “not believing.”
* The term “unbeliever” could be translated as “person who does not believe in Jesus” or “someone who does not trust in Jesus as Savior.”
(See also: [believe](../kt/believe.md), [apostle](../kt/apostle.md), [Christian](../kt/christian.md), [disciple](../kt/disciple.md), [faith](../kt/faith.md), [trust](../kt/trust.md))
## Bible References:
* [Genesis 15:6](rc://en/tn/help/gen/15/06)
* [Genesis 45:26](rc://en/tn/help/gen/45/26)
* [Job 9:16-18](rc://en/tn/help/job/09/16)
* [Habakkuk 1:5-7](rc://en/tn/help/hab/01/05)
* [Mark 6:4-6](rc://en/tn/help/mrk/06/04)
* [Mark 1:14-15](rc://en/tn/help/mrk/01/14)
* [Luke 9:41](rc://en/tn/help/luk/09/41)
* [John 1:12](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/01/12)
* [Acts 6:5](rc://en/tn/help/act/06/05)
* [Acts 9:42](rc://en/tn/help/act/09/42)
* [Acts 28:23-24](rc://en/tn/help/act/28/23)
* [Romans 3:3](rc://en/tn/help/rom/03/03)
* [1 Corinthians 6:1](rc://en/tn/help/1co/06/01)
* [1 Corinthians 9:5](rc://en/tn/help/1co/09/05)
* [2 Corinthians 6:15](rc://en/tn/help/2co/06/15)
* [Hebrews 3:12](rc://en/tn/help/heb/03/12)
* [1 John 3:23](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/03/23)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[3:4](rc://en/tn/help/obs/03/04)__ Noah warned the people about the coming flood and told them to turn to God, but they did not __believe__ him.
* __[4:8](rc://en/tn/help/obs/04/08)__ Abram __believed__ God’s promise. God declared that Abram was righteous because he __believed__ God’s promise.
* __[11:2](rc://en/tn/help/obs/11/02)__ God provided a way to save the firstborn of anyone who __believed in__ him.
* __[11:6](rc://en/tn/help/obs/11/06)__ But the Egyptians did not __believe__ God or obey his commands.
* __[37:5](rc://en/tn/help/obs/37/05)__ Jesus replied, “I am the Resurrection and the Life. Whoever __believes in__ me will live, even though he dies. Everyone who __believes in__ me will never die. Do you __believe__ this?”
* __[43:1](rc://en/tn/help/obs/43/01)__ After Jesus returned to heaven, the disciples stayed in Jerusalem as Jesus had commanded them to do. The __believers__ there constantly gathered together to pray.
* __[43:3](rc://en/tn/help/obs/43/03)__ While the __believers__ were all together, suddenly the house where they were was filled with a sound like a strong wind. Then something that looked like flames of fire appeared over the heads of all the __believers__.
* __[43:13](rc://en/tn/help/obs/43/13)__ Every day, more people became __believers__.
* __[46:6](rc://en/tn/help/obs/46/06)__ That day many people in Jerusalem started persecuting the followers of Jesus, so the __believers__ fled to other places. But in spite of this, they preached about Jesus everywhere they went.
* __[46:1](rc://en/tn/help/obs/46/01)__ Saul was the young man who guarded the robes of the men who killed Stephen. He did not believe in Jesus, so he persecuted the __believers__.
* __[46:9](rc://en/tn/help/obs/46/09)__ Some __believers__ who fled from the persecution in Jerusalem went far away to the city of Antioch and preached about Jesus…It was at Antioch that __believers__ in Jesus were first called “Christians.”
* __[47:14](rc://en/tn/help/obs/47/14)__ They also wrote many letters to encourage and teach the __believers__ in the churches.
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H0539, H0540, G0543, G0544, G0569, G0570, G0571, G3982, G4100, G4102, G4103, G4135

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# beloved
## Definition:
The term “beloved” is an expression of affection that describes someone who is loved and dear to someone else.
* The term “beloved” literally means “loved (one)” or “(who is) loved.”
* God refers to Jesus as his “beloved Son.”
* In their letters to Christian churches, the apostles frequently address their fellow believers as “beloved.”
## Translation Suggestions:
* This term could also be translated as “loved” or “loved one” or “well-loved,” or “very dear.”
* In the context of talking about a close friend, this could be translated as “my dear friend” or “my close friend.” In English it is natural to say “my dear friend, Paul” or “Paul, who is my dear friend.” Other languages may find it more natural to order this in a different way.
* Note that the word “beloved” comes from the word for God’s love, which is unconditional, unselfish, and sacrificial.
(See also: [love](../kt/love.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Corinthians 4:14](rc://en/tn/help/1co/04/14)
* [1 John 3:2](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/03/02)
* [1 John 4:7](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/04/07)
* [Mark 1:11](rc://en/tn/help/mrk/01/11)
* [Mark 12:6](rc://en/tn/help/mrk/12/06)
* [Revelation 20:9](rc://en/tn/help/rev/20/09)
* [Romans 16:8](rc://en/tn/help/rom/16/08)
* [Song of Solomon 1:14](rc://en/tn/help/sng/01/14)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H157, H1730, H2532, H3033, H3039, H4261, G25, G27, G5207

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# birthright
## Definition:
The term “birthright” in the Bible refers to the honor, family name, and physical wealth that was normally given to the firstborn son in a family.
* The birthright of the firstborn son included a double portion of the father’s inheritance.
* A king’s firstborn son was normally given the birthright to rule after his father died.
* Esau sold his birthright to his younger brother Jacob. Because of this, Jacob inherited the blessing of the firstborn instead of Esau.
* The birthright also included the honor of having the family descendants traced through the firstborn son’s line.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Possible ways to translate “birthright” could include, “rights and wealth of the firstborn son” or “family honor” or “privilege and inheritance of the firstborn.”
(See also: [firstborn](../other/firstborn.md), [inherit](../kt/inherit.md), [descendant](../other/descendant.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Chronicles 5:1](rc://en/tn/help/1ch/05/01)
* [Genesis 25:34](rc://en/tn/help/gen/25/34)
* [Genesis 43:33](rc://en/tn/help/gen/43/33)
* [Hebrews 12:14-17](rc://en/tn/help/heb/12/14)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1062, G4415

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# blameless
## Definition:
The term “blameless” literally means “without blame.” It is used to refer to a person who obeys God wholeheartedly, but it does not mean that the person is sinless.
* Abraham and Noah were considered blameless before God.
* A person who has a reputation for being “blameless” behaves in a way that honors God.
* According to one verse, a person who is blameless is “one who fears God and turns away from evil.”
## Translation Suggestions:
* This could also be translated as “with no fault to his character” or “completely obedient to God” or “avoiding sin” or “keeping away from evil.”
## Bible References:
* [1 Thessalonians 2:10](rc://en/tn/help/1th/02/10)
* [1 Thessalonians 3:11-13](rc://en/tn/help/1th/03/11)
* [2 Peter 3:14](rc://en/tn/help/2pe/03/14)
* [Colossians 1:22](rc://en/tn/help/col/01/22)
* [Genesis 17:1-2](rc://en/tn/help/gen/17/01)
* [Philippians 2:15](rc://en/tn/help/php/02/15)
* [Philippians 3:6](rc://en/tn/help/php/03/06)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H5352, H5355, H8535, G273, G274, G298, G299, G338, G410, G423

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# blasphemy, blaspheme, blasphemous
## Definition:
In the Bible, the term “blasphemy” refers to speaking in a way that shows a deep disrespect for God or people. To “blaspheme” someone is to speak against that person so that others think something false or bad about him.
* Most often, to blaspheme God means to slander or insult him by saying things that are not true about him or by behaving in an immoral way that dishonors him.
* It is blasphemy for a human being to claim to be God or to claim that there is a God other than the one true God.
* Some English versions translate this term as “slander” when it refers to blaspheming people.
## Translation Suggestions:
* To “blaspheme” can be translated as to “say evil things against” or to “dishonor God” or to “slander.”
* Ways to translate “blasphemy” could include “speaking wrongly about others” or “slander” or “spreading false rumors.”
(See also: [dishonor](../other/dishonor.md), [slander](../other/slander.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Timothy 1:12-14](rc://en/tn/help/1ti/01/12)
* [Acts 6:11](rc://en/tn/help/act/06/11)
* [Acts 26:9-11](rc://en/tn/help/act/26/09)
* [James 2:5-7](rc://en/tn/help/jas/02/05)
* [John 10:32-33](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/10/32)
* [Luke 12:10](rc://en/tn/help/luk/12/10)
* [Mark 14:64](rc://en/tn/help/mrk/14/64)
* [Matthew 12:31](rc://en/tn/help/mat/12/31)
* [Matthew 26:65](rc://en/tn/help/mat/26/65)
* [Psalms 74:10](rc://en/tn/help/psa/074/10)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1288, H1442, H2778, H5006, H5007, H5344, G987, G988, G989

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# bless, blessed, blessing
## Definition:
To “bless” someone or something means to cause good and beneficial things to happen to the person or thing that is being blessed.
* Blessing someone also means expressing a desire for positive and beneficial things to happen to that person.
* In Bible times, a father would often pronounce a formal blessing on his children.
* When people “bless” God or express a desire that God be blessed, this means they are praising him.
* The term “bless” is sometimes used for consecrating food before it is eaten, or for thanking and praising God for the food.
## Translation Suggestions:
* To “bless” could also be translated as to “provide abundantly for” or to “be very kind and favorable toward.”
* “God has brought great blessing to” could be translated as “God has given many good things to” or “God has provided abundantly for” or “God has caused many good things to happen to”.
* “He is blessed” could be translated as “he will greatly benefit” or “he will experience good things” or “God will cause him to flourish.”
* “Blessed is the person who” could be translated as “How good it is for the person who.”
* Expressions like “blessed be the Lord” could be translated as “May the Lord be praised” or “Praise the Lord” or “I praise the Lord.”
* In the context of blessing food, this could be translated as “thanked God for the food” or “praised God for giving them food” or “consecrated the food by praising God for it.”
(See also: [praise](../other/praise.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Corinthians 10:16](rc://en/tn/help/1co/10/16)
* [Acts 13:34](rc://en/tn/help/act/13/34)
* [Ephesians 1:3](rc://en/tn/help/eph/01/03)
* [Genesis 14:20](rc://en/tn/help/gen/14/20)
* [Isaiah 44:3](rc://en/tn/help/isa/44/03)
* [James 1:25](rc://en/tn/help/jas/01/25)
* [Luke 6:20](rc://en/tn/help/luk/06/20)
* [Matthew 26:26](rc://en/tn/help/mat/26/26)
* [Nehemiah 9:5](rc://en/tn/help/neh/09/05)
* [Romans 4:9](rc://en/tn/help/rom/04/09)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[1:7](rc://en/tn/help/obs/01/07)__ God saw that it was good and he __blessed__ them.
* __[1:15](rc://en/tn/help/obs/01/15)__ God made Adam and Eve in his own image. He __blessed__ them and told them, “Have many children and grandchildren and fill the earth.”
* __[1:16](rc://en/tn/help/obs/01/16)__ So God rested from all he had been doing. He __blessed__ the seventh day and made it holy, because on this day he rested from his work.
* __[4:4](rc://en/tn/help/obs/04/04)__ “I will make your name great. I will __bless__ those who __bless__ you and curse those who curse you. All families on earth will be __blessed__ because of you.”
* __[4:7](rc://en/tn/help/obs/04/07)__ Melchizedek __blessed__ Abram and said, “May God Most High who owns heaven and earth __bless__ Abram.”
* __[7:3](rc://en/tn/help/obs/07/03)__ Isaac wanted to give his __blessing__ to Esau.
* __[8:5](rc://en/tn/help/obs/08/05)__ Even in prison, Joseph remained faithful to God, and God __blessed__ him.
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H833, H835, H1288, H1289, H1293, G1757, G2127, G2128, G2129, G3106, G3107, G3108, G6050

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# blood
## Definition:
The term “blood” refers to the red liquid that comes out of a person’s skin when there is an injury or wound. Blood brings life-giving nutrients to a person’s entire body. In the Bible, the term “blood” is often used figuratively to mean “life” and/or several other concepts.
* When people made sacrifices to God, they killed an animal and poured its blood on the altar. This symbolized the sacrifice of the animal’s life to pay for people’s sins.
* The expression “flesh and blood” refers to human beings.
* The expression “own flesh and blood” refers to people who are biologically related.
## Translation Suggestions:
* This term should be translated with the term that is used for blood in the target language.
* The expression “flesh and blood” could be translated as “people” or “human beings.”
* Depending on the context, the expression “my own flesh and blood” could be translated as “my own family” or “my own relatives” or “my own people.”
* If there is an expression in the target language that is used with this meaning, that expression could be used to translate “flesh and blood.”
(See also: [bloodshed](../other/bloodshed.md); [flesh](../kt/flesh.md); [life](../kt/life.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 John 1:7](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/01/07)
* [1 Samuel 14:32](rc://en/tn/help/1sa/14/32)
* [Acts 2:20](rc://en/tn/help/act/02/20)
* [Acts 5:28](rc://en/tn/help/act/05/28)
* [Colossians 1:20](rc://en/tn/help/col/01/20)
* [Galatians 1:16](rc://en/tn/help/gal/01/16)
* [Genesis 4:11](rc://en/tn/help/gen/04/11)
* [Psalms 16:4](rc://en/tn/help/psa/016/4)
* [Psalms 105:28-30](rc://en/tn/help/psa/105/028)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[8:3](rc://en/tn/help/obs/08/03)__ Before Joseph’s brothers returned home, they tore Joseph’s robe and dipped it in goat’s __blood__.
* __[10:3](rc://en/tn/help/obs/10/03)__ God turned the Nile River into __blood__, but Pharaoh still would not let the Israelites go.
* __[11:5](rc://en/tn/help/obs/11/05)__ All the houses of the Israelites had __blood__ around the doors, so God passed over those houses and everyone inside was safe. They were saved because of the lamb’s __blood__.
* __[13:9](rc://en/tn/help/obs/13/09)__ The __blood__ of the animal that was sacrificed covered the person’s sin and made that person clean in God’s sight.
* __[38:5](rc://en/tn/help/obs/38/05)__ Then Jesus took a cup and said, “Drink this. It is my __blood__ of the New Covenant that is poured out for the forgiveness of sins.”
* __[48:10](rc://en/tn/help/obs/48/10)__ When anyone believes in Jesus, the __blood__ of Jesus takes away that person’s sin, and God’s punishment passes over him.
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1818, H5332, G129, G130, G131

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# boast, boastful
## Definition:
The term “boast” means to talk proudly about something or someone. Often it means to brag about oneself.
* Someone who is “boastful” talks about himself in a proud way.
* God rebuked the Israelites for “boasting in” their idols. They arrogantly worshiped false gods instead of the true God.
* The Bible also talks about people boasting in such things as their wealth, their strength, their fruitful fields, and their laws. This means that they were proud about these things and did not acknowledge that God is the one who provided these things.
* God urged the Israelites to instead “boast” or be proud about the fact that they know him.
* The apostle Paul also talks about boasting in the Lord, which means being glad and thankful to God for all he has done for them.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Other ways to translate “boast” could include “brag” or “talk proudly” or “be proud.”
* The term “boastful” could be translated by a word or phrase that means “full of prideful talk” or “prideful” or “talking proudly about oneself.”
* In the context of boasting in or about knowing God, this could be translated as “take pride in” or “exalt in” or “be very glad about” or “give thanks to God about.”
* Some languages have two words for “pride”: one that is negative, with the meaning of being arrogant, and the other that is positive, with the meaning of taking pride in one’s work, family, or country.
## Translation Suggestions:
(See also: [proud](../other/proud.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Kings 20:11](rc://en/tn/help/1ki/20/11)
* [2 Timothy 3:1-4](rc://en/tn/help/2ti/03/01)
* [James 3:14](rc://en/tn/help/jas/03/14)
* [James 4:15-17](rc://en/tn/help/jas/04/15)
* [Psalms 44:8](rc://en/tn/help/psa/044/08)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1984, H3235, H6286, G212, G213, G1740, G2620, G2744, G2745, G2746, G3166

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# body
## Definition:
The term “body” refers to the physical body of a person or animal. This term is also used figuratively to refer to an object or to a group consisting of individual members.
* Often the term “body” refers to a dead person or animal. Sometimes this is referred to as a “dead body” or a “corpse.”
* When Jesus said to the disciples at his last Passover meal, “This (bread) is my body,” he was referring to his physical body that would be “broken” (killed) to pay for their sins.
* In the Bible, Christians as a group are referred to as the “body of Christ.”
* Just as a physical body has many parts, the “body of Christ” has many individual members.
* Each individual believer has a special function in the body of Christ to help the whole group work together to serve God and bring him glory.
* Jesus is also referred to as the “head” (leader) of the “body” of his believers. Just as a person’s head tells his body what to do, so Jesus is the one who guides and directs Christians as members of his “body.”
## Translation Suggestions:
* The best way to translate this term would be with the word that is most commonly used to refer to a physical body in the project language. Make sure that the word used is not an offensive term.
* When referring collectively to believers, for some languages it may be more natural and accurate to say “spiritual body of Christ.”
* When Jesus says, “This is my body,” it is best to translate this literally, with a note to explain it if needed.
* Some languages may have a separate word when referring to a dead body, such as “corpse” for a person or “carcass” for an animal. Make sure the word used to translate this makes sense in the context and is acceptable.
(See also: [head](../other/head.md), [hand](../other/hand.md); [face](../other/face.md); [loins](../other/loins.md); [righthand](../kt/righthand.md); [tongue](../other/tongue.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Chronicles 10:12](rc://en/tn/help/1ch/10/12)
* [1 Corinthians 5:5](rc://en/tn/help/1co/05/05)
* [Ephesians 4:4](rc://en/tn/help/eph/04/04)
* [Judges 14:8](rc://en/tn/help/jdg/14/08)
* [Numbers 6:6-8](rc://en/tn/help/num/06/06)
* [Psalm 31:9](rc://en/tn/help/psa/031/09)
* [Romans 12:5](rc://en/tn/help/rom/12/05)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H990, H1320, H1460, H1465, H1472, H1480, H1655, H3409, H4191, H5038, H5085, H5315, H6106, H6297, H7607, G4430, G4954, G4983, G5559

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# bind, bond, bound
## Definition:
The term “bind” means to tie something or fasten it securely. Something that is tied or joined together is called a “bond.” The term “bound” is the past tense of this term.
* To be “bound” means to have something tied or wrapped around something else.
* In a figurative sense, a person can be “bound” to a vow, which means he is “required to fulfill” what he promised to do.
* The term “bonds” refers to anything that binds, confines, or imprisons someone. It usually refers to physical chains, fetters or ropes that keep a person from being free to move.
* In Bible times, bonds such as ropes or chains were used to attach prisoners to the wall or floor of a stone prison.
* The term “bind” can also be used to talk about wrapping cloth around a wound to help it heal.
* A dead person would be “bound” with cloth in preparation for burial.
* The term “bond” is used figuratively to refer to something, such as sin, that controls or enslaves someone.
* A bond can also be a close relationship between people in which they support each other emotionally, spiritually and physically. This applies to the bond of marriage.
* For example, a husband and wife are “bound” or tied to each other. It is a bond that God does not want broken.
## Translation Suggestions:
* The term “bind” could also be translated as “tie” or “tie up” or “wrap (around).”
* Figuratively, it could be translated as to “restrain” or to “prevent” or to “keep from (something).”
* A special use of “bind” in Matthew 16 and 18 means “forbid” or “not permit.”
* The term “bonds” could be translated as “chains” or “ropes” or “shackles.”
* Figuratively the term “bond” could be translated as “knot” or “connection” or “close relationship.”
* The phrase “bond of peace” means “being in harmony, which brings people in closer relationship to each other” or “the tying together that peace brings.”
* To “bind up” could be translated as “wrap around” or “put a bandage on.”
* To “bind” oneself with a vow could be translated as “promise to fulfill a vow” or “commit to fulfill a vow.”
* Depending on the context, the term “bound” could also be translated as “tied” or “tied up” or “chained” or “obligated (to fulfill)” or “required to do.”
(See also: [fulfill](../kt/fulfill.md), [peace](../other/peace.md), [prison](../other/prison.md), [servant](../other/servant.md), [vow](../kt/vow.md))
## Bible References:
* [Leviticus 8:7](rc://en/tn/help/lev/08/07)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H247, H481, H519, H615, H631, H632, H640, H1366, H1367, H1379, H2280, H2706, H3256, H3533, H3729, H4147, H4148, H4205, H4562, H5650, H5656, H5659, H6029, H6123, H6616, H6696, H6872, H6887, H7194, H7405, H7573, H7576, H8198, H8244, H8379, G254, G331, G332, G1195, G1196, G1198, G1199, G1210, G1397, G1398, G1401, G1402, G2611, G2615, G3734, G3784, G3814, G4019, G4029, G4385, G4886, G4887, G5265

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# born again, born of God, new birth
## Definition:
The term “born again” was first used by Jesus to describe what it means for God to change a person from being dead spiritually to being alive spiritually. The terms “born of God” and “born of the Spirit” also refer to a person being given new spiritual life.
* All humans are born spiritually dead and are given a “new birth” when they accept Jesus Christ as their Savior.
* At the moment of the spiritual new birth, God’s Holy Spirit begins to live in the new believer and empowers him to produce good spiritual fruit in his life.
* It is God’s work to cause a person to be born again and become his child.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Other ways to translate “born again” could include “born anew” or “born spiritually.”
* It is best to translate this term literally and use the normal word in the language that would be used for being born.
* The term “new birth” might be translated as “spiritual birth.”
* The phrase “born of God” could be translated as “caused by God to have new life like a newborn baby” or “given new life by God.”
* In the same way, “born of the Spirit” could be translated as “given new life by the Holy Spirit” or “empowered by the Holy Spirit to become God’s child” or “caused by the Spirit to have new life like a newborn baby.”
(See also: [Holy Spirit](../kt/holyspirit.md), [save](../kt/save.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 John 3:9](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/03/09)
* [1 Peter 1:3](rc://en/tn/help/1pe/01/03)
* [1 Peter 1:23](rc://en/tn/help/1pe/01/23)
* [John 3:4](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/03/04)
* [John 3:7](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/03/07)
* [Titus 3:5](rc://en/tn/help/tit/03/05)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: G313, G509, G1080, G3824

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# brother
## Definition:
The term “brother” refers to a male sibling who shares at least one biological parent.
* In the Old Testament, the term “brothers” is also used as a general reference to relatives or associates, such as members of the same tribe, clan, occupation, or people group. When used in this way, the term can refer to both men and women.
* In the New Testament, the apostles often use the term “brothers” to refer to fellow Christians, including both men and women.
* A few times in the New Testament, the apostles used the term “sister” when referring specifically to a fellow Christian who was a woman, or to emphasize that both men and women are being included. For example, James emphasizes that he is talking about all believers when he refers to “a brother or sister who is in need of food or clothing.”
## Translation Suggestions:
* It is best to translate this term with the literal word that is used in the target language to refer to a natural or biological brother, unless this would give wrong meaning.
* In the Old Testament especially, when “brothers” is used very generally to refer to members of the same family, clan, or people group, possible translations could include “relatives” or “clan members” or “fellow Israelites.”
* In the context of referring to a fellow believer in Christ, this term could be translated as “brother in Christ” or “spiritual brother.”
* If both males and females are being referred to and “brother” would give a wrong meaning, then a more general kinship term could be used that would include both males and females.
* Other ways to translate this term so that it refers to both male and female believers could be “fellow believers” or “Christian brothers and sisters.”
* Make sure to check the context to determine whether only men are being referred to, or whether both men and women are included.
(See also: [apostle](../kt/apostle.md), [God the Father](../kt/godthefather.md), [sister](../other/sister.md), [spirit](../kt/spirit.md))
## Bible References:
* [Acts 7:26](rc://en/tn/help/act/07/26)
* [Genesis 29:10](rc://en/tn/help/gen/29/10)
* [Leviticus 19:17](rc://en/tn/help/lev/19/17)
* [Nehemiah 3:1](rc://en/tn/help/neh/03/01)
* [Philippians 4:21](rc://en/tn/help/php/04/21)
* [Revelation 1:9](rc://en/tn/help/rev/01/09)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H0251, H0252, H0264, H1730, H2992, H2993, H2994, H7453, G0080, G0081, G2385, G2455, G2500, G4613, G5360, G5569

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# call, call out
## Definition:
The terms “call” and “call out” usually mean to speak loudly, but the term “call” can also mean to name or summon a person. There are also some other meanings.
* To “call out” to someone means to shout, to announce, or to proclaim. It can also mean to ask someone for help, especially God.
* Often in the Bible, “call” has a meaning of “summon” or “command to come” or “request to come.”
* God calls people to come to him and be his people. This is their “calling.”
* When God “calls” people, it means that God has appointed or chosen people to be his children, to be his servants and proclaimers of his message of salvation through Jesus.
* This term is also used in the context of naming someone. For example, “His name is called John,” means “He is named John” or “His name is John.”
* To be “called by the name of” means that someone is given the name of someone else. God says that he has called his people by his name.
* A different expression, “I have called you by name” means that God has specifically chosen that person.
## Translation Suggestions:
* The term “call” could be translated by a word that means “summon,” which includes the idea of being intentional or purposeful in calling.
* The expression “call out to you” could be translated as “ask you for help” or “pray to you urgently.”
* When the Bible says that God has “called” us to be his servants, this could be translated as “specially chose us” or “appointed us” to be his servants.
* “You must call his name” can also be translated as “you must name him.”
* “His name is called” could also be translated as “his name is” or “he is named.”
* To “call out” could be translated as “say loudly” or “shout” or “say with a loud voice.” Make sure the translation of this does not sound like the person is angry.
* The expression “your calling” could be translated as “your purpose” or “God’s purpose for you” or “God’s special work for you.”
* To “call on the name of the Lord” could be translated as “seek the Lord and depend on him” or “trust in the Lord and obey him.”
* To “call for” something could be translated by “demand” or “ask for” or “command.”
* The expression “you are called by my name” could be translated as “I have given you my name, showing that you belong to me.”
* When God says, “I have called you by name,” this could be translated as “I know you and have chosen you.”
(See also: [pray](../kt/pray.md), [cry](../other/cry.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Kings 18:24](rc://en/tn/help/1ki/18/24)
* [1 Thessalonians 4:7](rc://en/tn/help/1th/04/07)
* [2 Timothy 1:9](rc://en/tn/help/2ti/01/09)
* [Ephesians 4:1](rc://en/tn/help/eph/04/01)
* [Galatians 1:15](rc://en/tn/help/gal/01/15)
* [Matthew 2:15](rc://en/tn/help/mat/02/15)
* [Philippians 3:14](rc://en/tn/help/php/03/14)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H559, H2199, H4744, H6817, H7121, H7123, H7769, H7773, G154, G363, G1458, G1528, G1941, G1951, G2028, G2046, G2564, G2821, G2822, G2840, G2919, G3004, G3106, G3333, G3343, G3603, G3686, G3687, G4316, G4341, G4377, G4779, G4867, G5455, G5537, G5581

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# centurion
## Definition:
A centurion was a Roman army officer who had a group of 100 soldiers under his command.
* This could also be translated with a term that means “leader of a hundred men” or “army leader” or “officer in charge of a hundred.”
* One Roman centurion came to Jesus to request healing for his servant.
* The centurion in charge of Jesus’ crucifixion was amazed when he witnessed how Jesus died.
* God sent a centurion to Peter so that Peter could explain to him the good news about Jesus.
(See also: [Rome](../names/rome.md))
## Bible References:
* [Acts 10:1](rc://en/tn/help/act/10/01)
* [Acts 27:1](rc://en/tn/help/act/27/01)
* [Acts 27:42-44](rc://en/tn/help/act/27/42)
* [Luke 7:4](rc://en/tn/help/luk/07/04)
* [Luke 23:47](rc://en/tn/help/luk/23/47)
* [Mark 15:39](rc://en/tn/help/mrk/15/39)
* [Matthew 8:7](rc://en/tn/help/mat/08/07)
* [Matthew 27:54](rc://en/tn/help/mat/27/54)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: G1543, G2760

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# children, child, offspring
## Definition:
The term “child” (plural “children”) refers to the offspring of a man and woman. The term is often used more generally to refer to anyone who is young in age and is not yet a fully grown adult. The term “offspring” is a general reference to the biological descendants of people or animals.
* In the Bible, disciples or followers are sometimes called “children.”
* Often the term “children” is used to refer to a person’s descendants.
* Often in the Bible, “offspring” has the same meaning as “children” or “descendants.”
* The term “seed” is sometimes used figuratively to refer to offspring.
* The phrase “children of” can refer to being characterized by something. Some examples of this would be:
* children of the light
* children of obedience
* children of the devil
* This term can also refer to the Church. For example, sometimes the New Testament refers to people who believe in Jesus as “children of God.”
## Translation Suggestions:
* The term “children” could be translated as “descendants” when it is referring to a person’s great-grandchildren or great-great-grandchildren, etc.
* Depending on the context, “children of” could be translated as “people who have the characteristics of” or “people who behave like.”
* If possible, the phrase, “children of God” should be translated literally since an important biblical theme is that God is our heavenly Father. A possible translation alternate would be, “people who belong to God” or “God’s spiritual children.”
* When Jesus calls his disciples “children,” this could also be translated as “dear friends” or “my beloved disciples.”
* When Paul and John refer to believers in Jesus as “children,” this could also be translated as “dear fellow believers.”
* The phrase, “children of the promise” could be translated as “people who have received what God promised them.”
(See also: [descendant](../other/descendant.md), [seed](../other/seed.md), [promise](../kt/promise.md), [son](../kt/son.md), [spirit](../kt/spirit.md), [believe](../kt/believe.md), [beloved](../kt/beloved.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 John 2:28](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/02/28)
* [3 John 1:4](rc://en/tn/help/3jn/01/04)
* [Galatians 4:19](rc://en/tn/help/gal/04/19)
* [Genesis 45:11](rc://en/tn/help/gen/45/11)
* [Joshua 8:34-35](rc://en/tn/help/jos/08/34)
* [Nehemiah 5:5](rc://en/tn/help/neh/05/05)
* [Acts 17:29](rc://en/tn/help/act/17/29)
* [Exodus 13:11-13](rc://en/tn/help/exo/13/11)
* [Genesis 24:7](rc://en/tn/help/gen/24/07)
* [Isaiah 41:8-9](rc://en/tn/help/isa/41/08)
* [Job 5:25](rc://en/tn/help/job/05/25)
* [Luke 3:7](rc://en/tn/help/luk/03/7)
* [Matthew 12:34](rc://en/tn/help/mat/12/34)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1069, H1121, H1123, H1129, H1323, H1397, H1580, H2029, H2030, H2056, H2138, H2145, H2233, H2945, H3173, H3205, H3206, H3208, H3211, H3243, H3490, H4392, H5209, H5271, H5288, H5290, H5759, H5764, H5768, H5953, H6185, H6363, H6529, H6631, H7908, H7909, H7921, G730, G815, G1025, G1064, G1081, G1085, G1471, G3439, G3515, G3516, G3808, G3812, G3813, G3816, G5040, G5041, G5042, G5043, G5044, G5206, G5207, G5388

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# Christ, Messiah
## Facts:
The terms “Messiah” and “Christ” mean “Anointed One” and refer to Jesus, God’s Son.
* Both “Messiah” and “Christ” are used in the New Testament to refer to God’s Son, whom God the Father appointed to rule as king over his people, and to save them from sin and death.
* In the Old Testament, the prophets wrote prophecies about the Messiah hundreds of years before he came to earth.
* Often a word meaning “anointed (one)” is used in the Old Testament to refer to the Messiah who would come.
* Jesus fulfilled many of these prophecies and did many miraculous works that proves he is the Messiah; the rest of these prophecies will be fulfilled when he returns.
* The word “Christ” is often used as a title, as in “the Christ” and “Christ Jesus.”
* “Christ” also came to be used as part of his name, as in “Jesus Christ.”
## Translation Suggestions:
* This term could be translated using its meaning, “the Anointed One” or “God’s Anointed Savior.”
* Many languages use a transliterated word that looks or sounds like “Christ” or “Messiah.” (See: [How to Translate Unknowns](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown))
* The transliterated word could be followed by the definition of the term as in, “Christ, the Anointed One.”
* Be consistent in how this is translated throughout the Bible so that it is clear that the same term is being referred to.
* Make sure the translations of “Messiah” and “Christ” work well in contexts where both terms occur in the same verse (such as John 1:41).
(See also: [How to Translate Names](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names))
(See also: [Son of God](../kt/sonofgod.md), [David](../names/david.md), [Jesus](../kt/jesus.md), [anoint](../kt/anoint.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 John 5:1-3](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/05/01)
* [Acts 2:35](rc://en/tn/help/act/02/35)
* [Acts 5:40-42](rc://en/tn/help/act/05/40)
* [John 1:40-42](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/01/40)
* [John 3:27-28](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/03/27)
* [John 4:25](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/04/25)
* [Luke 2:10-12](rc://en/tn/help/luk/02/10)
* [Matthew 1:16](rc://en/tn/help/mat/01/16)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[17:7](rc://en/tn/help/obs/17/07)__ The __Messiah__ was God’s Chosen One who would save the people of the world from sin.
* __[17:8](rc://en/tn/help/obs/17/08)__ As it happened, the Israelites would have to wait a long time before the __Messiah__ came, almost 1,000 years.
* __[21:1](rc://en/tn/help/obs/21/01)__ From the very beginning, God planned to send the __Messiah__.
* __[21:4](rc://en/tn/help/obs/21/04)__ God promised King David that the __Messiah__ would be one of David’s own descendants.
* __[21:5](rc://en/tn/help/obs/21/05)__ The __Messiah__ would start the New Covenant.
* __[21:6](rc://en/tn/help/obs/21/06)__ God’s prophets also said that the __Messiah__ would be a prophet, a priest, and a king.
* __[21:9](rc://en/tn/help/obs/21/09)__ The prophet Isaiah prophesied that the __Messiah__ would be born from a virgin.
* __[43:7](rc://en/tn/help/obs/43/07)__ “But God raised him to life again to fulfill the prophecy which says, ‘You will not let your __Holy One__ rot in the grave.’”
* __[43:9](rc://en/tn/help/obs/43/09)__ “But know for certain that God has caused Jesus to become both Lord and __Messiah__!”
* __[43:11](rc://en/tn/help/obs/43/11)__ Peter answered them, “Every one of you should repent and be baptized in the name of Jesus __Christ__ so that God will forgive your sins.”
* __[46:6](rc://en/tn/help/obs/46/06)__ Saul reasoned with the Jews, proving that Jesus was the __Messiah__.
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H4899, G3323, G5547

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# Christian
## Definition:
Some time after Jesus went back to heaven, people made up the name “Christian” which means “follower of Christ.”
* It was in the city of Antioch where Jesus’ followers were first called “Christians.”
* A Christian is a person who believes that Jesus is the Son of God, and who trusts Jesus to save him from his sins.
* In our modern times, often the term “Christian” is used for someone who identifies with the Christian religion, but who is not really following Jesus. This is not the meaning of “Christian” in the Bible.
* Because the term “Christian” in the Bible always refers to someone who truly believes in Jesus, a Christian is also called a “believer.”
## Translation Suggestions:
* This term could be translated as “Christ-follower” or “follower of Christ” or perhaps something like, “Christ-person.”
* Make sure that the translation of this term is translated differently than terms used for disciple or apostle.
* Be careful to translate this term with a word that can refer to everyone who believes in Jesus, not just certain groups.
* Also consider how this term is translated in a Bible translation in a local or national language. (See: [How to Translate Unknowns](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown))
(See also: [Antioch](../names/antioch.md), [Christ](../kt/christ.md), [church](../kt/church.md), [disciple](../kt/disciple.md), [believe](../kt/believe.md), [Jesus](../kt/jesus.md), [Son of God](../kt/sonofgod.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Corinthians 6:7-8](rc://en/tn/help/1co/06/07)
* [1 Peter 4:16](rc://en/tn/help/1pe/04/16)
* [Acts 11:26](rc://en/tn/help/act/11/26)
* [Acts 26:28](rc://en/tn/help/act/26/28)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[46:9](rc://en/tn/help/obs/46/09)__ It was at Antioch that believers in Jesus were first called “__Christians__.”
* __[47:14](rc://en/tn/help/obs/47/14)__ Paul and other __Christian__ leaders traveled to many cities, preaching and teaching people the good news about Jesus.
* __[49:15](rc://en/tn/help/obs/49/15)__ If you believe in Jesus and what he has done for you, you are a __Christian__!
* __[49:16](rc://en/tn/help/obs/49/16)__ If you are a __Christian__, God has forgiven your sins because of what Jesus did.
* __[49:17](rc://en/tn/help/obs/49/17)__ Even though you are a __Christian__, you will still be tempted to sin.
* __[50:3](rc://en/tn/help/obs/50/03)__ Before he returned to heaven, Jesus told __Christians__ to proclaim the good news to people who have never heard it.
* __[50:11](rc://en/tn/help/obs/50/11)__ When Jesus returns, every __Christian__ who has died will rise from the dead and meet him in the sky.
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: G5546

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# church, Church
## Definition:
In the New Testament, the term “church” refers to a local group of believers in Jesus who regularly met together to pray and hear God’s word preached. The term “the Church” often refers to all Christians.
* This term literally refers to a “called out” assembly or congregation of people who meet together for a special purpose.
* When this term is used to refer to all believers everywhere in the whole body of Christ, some Bible translations capitalize the first letter (“Church”) to distinguish it from the local church.
* Often the believers in a particular city would meet together in someone’s home. These local churches were given the name of the city such as the “church at Ephesus.”
* In the Bible, “church” does not refer to a building.
## Translation Suggestions:
* The term “church” could be translated as a “gathering together” or “assembly” or “congregation” or “ones who meet together.”
* The word or phrase that is used to translate this term should also be able to refer to all believers, not just one small group.
* Make sure that the translation of “church” does not just refer to a building.
* The term used to translate “assembly” in the Old Testament could also be used to translate this term.
* Also consider how it is translated in a local or national Bible translation. (See: [How to Translate Unknowns](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown).)
(See also: [assembly](../other/assembly.md), [believe](../kt/believe.md), [Christian](../kt/christian.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Corinthians 5:12](rc://en/tn/help/1co/05/12)
* [1 Thessalonians 2:14](rc://en/tn/help/1th/02/14)
* [1 Timothy 3:5](rc://en/tn/help/1ti/03/05)
* [Acts 9:31](rc://en/tn/help/act/09/31)
* [Acts 14:23](rc://en/tn/help/act/14/23)
* [Acts 15:41](rc://en/tn/help/act/15/41)
* [Colossians 4:15](rc://en/tn/help/col/04/15)
* [Ephesians 5:23](rc://en/tn/help/eph/05/23)
* [Matthew 16:18](rc://en/tn/help/mat/16/18)
* [Philippians 4:15](rc://en/tn/help/php/04/15)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[43:12](rc://en/tn/help/obs/43/12)__ About 3,000 people believed what Peter said and became disciples of Jesus. They were baptized and became part of the __church__ at Jerusalem.
* __[46:9](rc://en/tn/help/obs/46/09)__ Most of the people in Antioch were not Jews, but for the first time, very many of them also became believers. Barnabas and Saul went there to teach these new believers more about Jesus and to strengthen the __church__.
* __[46:10](rc://en/tn/help/obs/46/10)__ So the __church__ in Antioch prayed for Barnabas and Saul and placed their hands on them. Then they sent them off to preach the good news of Jesus in many other places.
* __[47:13](rc://en/tn/help/obs/47/13)__ The good news of Jesus kept spreading, and the __Church__ kept growing.
* __[50:1](rc://en/tn/help/obs/50/01)__ For almost 2,000 years, more and more people around the world have been hearing the good news about Jesus the Messiah. The __Church__ has been growing.
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: G1577

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# circumcise, circumcised, circumcision, uncircumcised, uncircumcision
## Definition:
The term “circumcise” means to cut off the foreskin of a man or male child. A circumcision ceremony may be performed in connection with this.
* God commanded Abraham to circumcise every male among his family and servants as a sign of God’s covenant with them.
* God also commanded Abraham’s descendants to continue to do this for every baby boy born into their households.
* The phrase, “circumcision of the heart” refers figuratively to the “cutting away” or removal of sin from a person.
* In a spiritual sense, “the circumcised” refers to people whom God has purified from sin through the blood of Jesus and who are his people.
* The term “uncircumcised” refers to those who have not been circumcised physically. It can also refer figuratively to those who have not been circumcised spiritually, who do not have a relationship with God.
The terms “uncircumcised” and “uncircumcision” refer to a male who has not been physically circumcised. These terms are also used figuratively.
* Egypt was a nation that also required circumcision. So when God talks about Egypt being defeated by the “uncircumcised,” he is referring to people whom the Egyptians despised for not being circumcised.
* The Bible refers to people who have an “uncircumcised heart” or who are “uncircumcised in heart.” This a figurative way of saying that these people are not God’s people, and are stubbornly disobedient to him.
* If a word for circumcision is used or known in the language, “uncircumcised” could be translated as “not circumcised.”
* The expression “the uncircumcision” could be translated as “people who are not circumcised” or “people who do not belong to God,” depending on the context.
* Other ways to translate figurative senses of this term could include “not God’s people” or “rebellious like those who don’t belong to God” or “people who have no sign of belonging to God.”
* The expression “uncircumcised in heart” could be translated as “stubbornly rebellious” or “refusing to believe.” However, if possible it is best to keep the expression or a similar one since spiritual circumcision is an important concept.
## Translation Suggestions:
* If the culture of the target language performs circumcisions on males, the word used to refer to this should be used for this term.
* Other ways to translate this term would be, “cut around” or “cut in a circle” or “cut off the foreskin.”
* In cultures where circumcision is not known, it may be necessary to explain it in a footnote or glossary.
* Make sure the term used to translate this does not refer to females. It may be necessary to translate this with a word or phrase that includes the meaning of “male.”
(See also: [How to Translate Unknowns](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown))
(See also: [Abraham](../names/abraham.md), [covenant](../kt/covenant.md))
## Bible References:
* [Genesis 17:11](rc://en/tn/help/gen/17/11)
* [Genesis 17:14](rc://en/tn/help/gen/17/14)
* [Exodus 12:48](rc://en/tn/help/exo/12/48)
* [Leviticus 26:41](rc://en/tn/help/lev/26/41)
* [Joshua 5:3](rc://en/tn/help/jos/05/03)
* [Judges 15:18](rc://en/tn/help/jdg/15/18)
* [2 Samuel 1:20](rc://en/tn/help/2sa/01/20)
* [Jeremiah 9:26](rc://en/tn/help/jer/09/26)
* [Ezekiel 32:25](rc://en/tn/help/ezk/32/25)
* [Acts 10:44-45](rc://en/tn/help/act/10/44)
* [Acts 11:3](rc://en/tn/help/act/11/03)
* [Acts 15:1](rc://en/tn/help/act/15/01)
* [Acts 11:3](rc://en/tn/help/act/11/03)
* [Romans 2:27](rc://en/tn/help/rom/02/27)
* [Galatians 5:3](rc://en/tn/help/gal/05/03)
* [Ephesians 2:11](rc://en/tn/help/eph/02/11)
* [Philippians 3:3](rc://en/tn/help/php/03/03)
* [Colossians 2:11](rc://en/tn/help/col/02/11)
* [Colossians 2:13](rc://en/tn/help/col/02/13)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[5:3](rc://en/tn/help/obs/05/03)__ “You must __circumcise__ every male in your family.”
* __[5:5](rc://en/tn/help/obs/05/05)__ That day Abraham __circumcised__ all the males in his household.
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H4135, H4139, H5243, H6188, H6189, H6190, G203, G564, G1986, G4059, G4061

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# clean, wash
## Definition:
The term “clean” generally refers either to removing dirt or stains from someone/something or to not having any dirt or stain in the first place. The term “wash” refers specifically to action of removing dirt or stains from someone/something.
* “Cleanse” is the process of making something “clean.” It could also be translated as “wash” or “purify.”
* In the Old Testament, God told the Israelites which animals he had specified as ritually “clean” and which ones were “unclean.” Only the clean animals were permitted to be used for eating or for sacrifice. In this context, the term “clean” means that the animal was acceptable to God for use as a sacrifice.
* A person who had certain skin diseases would be unclean until the skin was healed enough to no longer be contagious. Instructions for cleansing the skin had to be obeyed in order for that person to be declared “clean” again.
* Sometimes “clean” is used figuratively to refer to moral purity, meaning to be “clean” from sin.
In the Bible, the term “unclean” is used figuratively to refer to things that God declared to be unfit for his people to touch, eat, or sacrifice.
* God gave the Israelites instructions about which animals were “clean” and which ones were “unclean.” The unclean animals were not permitted to be used for eating or for sacrifice.
* People with certain skin diseases were said to be “unclean” until they were healed.
* If the Israelites touched something “unclean,” they themselves would be considered unclean for a certain period of time.
* Obeying God’s commands about not touching or eating unclean things kept the Israelites set apart for God’s service.
* This physical and ritual uncleanness was also symbolic of moral uncleanness.
* In another figurative sense, an “unclean spirit” refers to an evil spirit.
## Translation Suggestions:
* This term could be translated with the common word for “clean” or “pure” (in the sense of being not dirty).
* Other ways to translate this could include, “ritually clean” or “acceptable to God.”
* “Cleanse” could be translated by “wash” or “purify.”
* Make sure that the words used for “clean” and “cleanse” can also be understood in a figurative sense.
* The term “unclean” could also be translated as “not clean” or “unfit in God’s eyes” or “physically unclean” or “defiled.”
* When referring to a demon as an unclean spirit, “unclean” could be translated as “evil” or “defiled.”
* The translation of this term should allow for spiritual uncleanness. It should be able to refer to anything that God declared as unfit for touching, eating, or sacrifice.
(See also: [defile](../other/defile.md), [demon](../kt/demon.md), [holy](../kt/holy.md), [sacrifice](../other/sacrifice.md))
## Bible References:
* [Genesis 7:2](rc://en/tn/help/gen/07/02)
* [Genesis 7:8](rc://en/tn/help/gen/07/08)
* [Deuteronomy 12:15](rc://en/tn/help/deu/12/15)
* [Psalms 51:7](rc://en/tn/help/psa/051/07)
* [Proverbs 20:30](rc://en/tn/help/pro/20/30)
* [Ezekiel 24:13](rc://en/tn/help/ezk/24/13)
* [Matthew 23:27](rc://en/tn/help/mat/23/27)
* [Luke 5:13](rc://en/tn/help/luk/05/13)
* [Acts 8:7](rc://en/tn/help/act/08/07)
* [Acts 10:27-29](rc://en/tn/help/act/10/27)
* [Colossians 3:5](rc://en/tn/help/col/03/05)
* [1 Thessalonians 4:7](rc://en/tn/help/1th/04/07)
* [James 4:8](rc://en/tn/help/jas/04/08)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1249, H1252, H1305, H2134, H2135, H2141, H2398, H2548, H2834, H2889, H2890, H2891, H2893, H2930, H2931, H2932, H3001, H3722, H5079, H5352, H5355, H5356, H6172, H6565, H6663, H6945, H7137, H8552, H8562, G167, G169, G2511, G2512, G2513, G2839, G2840, G3394, G3689

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# command, commandment
## Definition:
The term “command” means to order someone to do something. The term “commandment” refers to the thing that a person is commanded to do.
* The term “commandment” sometimes refers to certain commands of God which are more formal and permanent, such as the “Ten Commandments.”
* A command can be positive (“Honor your parents”) or negative (“Do not steal”).
* To “take command” means to “take control” or “take charge” of something or someone.
## Translation Suggestions
* It is best to translate this term differently from the term, “law.” Also compare with the definitions of “decree” and “statute.”
* Some translators may prefer to translate “command” and “commandment” with the same word in their language.
* Others may prefer to use a special word for commandment that refers to lasting, formal commands that God has made.
(See [decree](../other/decree.md), [statute](../other/statute.md), [law](../other/law.md), [Ten Commandments](../other/tencommandments.md))
## Bible References:
* [Luke 1:6](rc://en/tn/help/luk/01/06)
* [Matthew 1:24](rc://en/tn/help/mat/01/24)
* [Matthew 22:38](rc://en/tn/help/mat/22/38)
* [Matthew 28:20](rc://en/tn/help/mat/28/20)
* [Numbers 1:17-19](rc://en/tn/help/num/01/17)
* [Romans 7:7-8](rc://en/tn/help/rom/07/07)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H559, H560, H565, H1296, H1696, H1697, H1881, H2706, H2708, H2710, H2941, H2942, H2951, H3027, H3982, H3983, H4406, H4662, H4687, H4929, H4931, H4941, H5057, H5713, H5749, H6213, H6310, H6346, H6490, H6673, H6680, H7101, H7218, H7227, H7262, H7761, H7970, H8269, G1263, G1291, G1296, G1297, G1299, G1690, G1778, G1781, G1785, G2003, G2004, G2008, G2036, G2753, G3056, G3726, G3852, G3853, G4367, G4483, G4487, G5506

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# compassion, compassionate
## Definition:
The term “compassion” refers to a feeling of concern for people, especially for those who are suffering. A “compassionate” person cares about other people and helps them.
* The word “compassion” refers to caring about people in need, as well as taking action to help them.
* The Bible says that God is compassionate, that is, he is full of love and mercy.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Ways of translating “compassion” could include, “deep caring” or “pity” or “helpful mercy.”
* The term “compassionate” could also be translated as “caring and helpful” or “deeply loving and merciful.”
## Bible References:
* [Daniel 1:8-10](rc://en/tn/help/dan/01/08)
* [Hosea 13:14](rc://en/tn/help/hos/13/14)
* [James 5:9-11](rc://en/tn/help/jas/05/09)
* [Jonah 4:1-3](rc://en/tn/help/jon/04/01)
* [Mark 1:41](rc://en/tn/help/mrk/01/41)
* [Romans 9:14-16](rc://en/tn/help/rom/09/14)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H2550, H7349, H7355, H7356, G1653, G3356, G3627, G4697, G4834, G4835

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# condemn, condemned, condemnation
## Definition:
The terms “condemn” and “condemnation” refer to judging someone for doing something wrong.
* Often the word “condemn” includes punishing that person for what they did wrong.
* Sometimes “condemn” means to falsely accuse someone or to judge someone harshly.
* The term “condemnation” refers to the act of condemning or accusing someone.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Depending on the context, this term could be translated as “harshly judge” or “criticize falsely.”
* The phrase “condemn him” could be translated as “judge that he is guilty” or “state that he must be punished for his sin.”
* The term “condemnation” could be translated as “harsh judging” or “declaring to be guilty” or “punishment of guilt.”
(See also: [judge](../kt/judge.md), [punish](../other/punish.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 John 3:20](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/03/20)
* [Job 9:29](rc://en/tn/help/job/09/29)
* [John 5:24](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/05/24)
* [Luke 6:37](rc://en/tn/help/luk/06/37)
* [Matthew 12:7](rc://en/tn/help/mat/12/07)
* [Proverbs 17:15-16](rc://en/tn/help/pro/17/15)
* [Psalms 34:22](rc://en/tn/help/psa/034/22)
* [Romans 5:16](rc://en/tn/help/rom/05/16)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H6064, H7034, H7561, H8199, G176, G843, G2607, G2613, G2631, G2632, G2633, G2917, G2919, G2920, G5272, G6048

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# confess, confession
## Definition:
To confess means to admit or assert that something is true. A “confession” is a statement or admission that something is true.
* The term “confess” can refer to boldly stating the truth about God. It can also refer to admitting that we have sinned.
* The Bible says that if people confess their sins to God, he will forgive them.
* James the apostle wrote in his letter that when believers confess their sins to each other, this brings spiritual healing.
* The apostle Paul wrote to the Philippians that someday everyone will confess or declare that Jesus is Lord.
* Paul also said that if people confess that Jesus is Lord and believe that God raised him from the dead, they will be saved.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Depending on the context, ways to translate “confess” could include, “admit” or “testify” or “declare” or “acknowledge” or “affirm.”
* Different ways to translate “confession” could be, “declaration” or “testimony” or “statement about what we believe” or “admitting sin.”
(See also: [faith](../kt/faith.md), [testimony](../kt/testimony.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 John 1:8-10](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/01/08)
* [2 John 1:7-8](rc://en/tn/help/2jn/01/07)
* [James 5:16](rc://en/tn/help/jas/05/16)
* [Leviticus 5:5-6](rc://en/tn/help/lev/05/05)
* [Matthew 3:4-6](rc://en/tn/help/mat/03/04)
* [Nehemiah 1:6-7](rc://en/tn/help/neh/01/06)
* [Philippians 2:9-11](rc://en/tn/help/php/02/09)
* [Psalms 38:17-18](rc://en/tn/help/psa/038/017)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H3034, H8426, G1843, G3670, G3671

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# conscience
## Definition:
The conscience is the part of a person’s thinking through which God makes him aware that he is doing something sinful.
* God gave people a conscience to help them know the difference between what is right and what is wrong.
* A person who obeys God is said to have a “pure” or “clear” or “clean” conscience.
* If a person has a “clear conscience” it means that he is not hiding any sin.
* If someone ignores their conscience and no longer feels guilty when he sins, this means his conscience is no longer sensitive to what is wrong. The Bible calls this a “seared” conscience, one that is “branded” as if with a hot iron. Such a conscience is also called “insensitive” and “polluted.”
* Possible ways to translate this term could include, “inner moral guide” or “moral thinking.”
## Bible References:
* [1 Timothy 1:19](rc://en/tn/help/1ti/01/19)
* [1 Timothy 3:9](rc://en/tn/help/1ti/03/09)
* [2 Corinthians 5:11](rc://en/tn/help/2co/05/11)
* [2 Timothy 1:3](rc://en/tn/help/2ti/01/03)
* [Romans 9:1](rc://en/tn/help/rom/09/01)
* [Titus 1:15-16](rc://en/tn/help/tit/01/15)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: G4893

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# consecrate, consecrated, consecration
## Definition:
To consecrate means to dedicate something or someone to serve God. The person or object that is consecrated is considered holy and set apart for God.
* The meaning of this term is similar to “sanctify” or to “make holy,” but with the added meaning of formally setting apart someone for service to God.
* Things that were consecrated to God included animals to be sacrificed, the altar of burnt offering, and the tabernacle.
* People who were consecrated to God included the priests, the people of Israel, and the oldest male child.
* Sometimes the word “consecrate” has a meaning that is similar to “purify,” especially when it pertains to preparing people or things for God’s service so that they will be cleansed and acceptable to him.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Ways to translate “consecrate” could include, “set apart for God’s service” or “purify for service to God.”
* Also consider how the terms “holy” and “sanctify” are translated.
(See also: [holy](../kt/holy.md), [pure](../kt/purify.md), [sanctify](../kt/sanctify.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Timothy 4:3-5](rc://en/tn/help/1ti/04/03)
* [2 Chronicles 13:8-9](rc://en/tn/help/2ch/13/08)
* [Ezekiel 44:19](rc://en/tn/help/ezk/44/19)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H2763, H3027, H4390, H4394, H5144, H5145, H6942, H6944, G1457, G5048

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# cornerstone
## Definition:
The term “cornerstone” refers to a large stone that has been specially cut and placed in the corner of the foundation of a building.
* All the other stones of the building are measured and placed in relation to the cornerstone.
* It is very important for the strength and stability of the whole structure.
* In the New Testament, the Assembly of believers is metaphorically compared to a building which has Jesus Christ as its “cornerstone.”
* In the same way that the cornerstone of a building supports and determines the position of the whole building, so Jesus Christ is the cornerstone on which the Assembly of believers is founded and supported.
## Translation Suggestions:
* The term “cornerstone” could also be translated as “main building stone” or “foundation stone.”
* Consider whether the target language has a term for a part of a building’s foundation that is the main support. If so, this term could be used.
* Another way to translate this would be, “a foundation stone used for the corner of a building.”
* It is important to keep the fact that this is a large stone, used as a solid and secure building material. If stones are not used for constructing buildings, there may be another word that could be used that means “large stone” (such as “boulder”) but it should also have the idea of being well-formed and made to fit.
## Bible References:
* [Acts 4:11](rc://en/tn/help/act/04/11)
* [Ephesians 2:20](rc://en/tn/help/eph/02/20)
* [Matthew 21:42](rc://en/tn/help/mat/21/42)
* [Psalms 118:22](rc://en/tn/help/psa/118/22)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H0068, H6438, H7218, G204, G1137, G2776, G3037

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# covenant
## Definition:
In the Bible, the term “covenant” refers to a formal, binding agreement between two parties that one or both parties must fulfill.
* This agreement can be between individuals, between groups of people, or between God and people.
* When people make a covenant with each other, they promise that they will do something, and they must do it.
* Examples of human covenants include marriage covenants, business agreements, and treaties between countries.
* Throughout the Bible, God made several different covenants with his people.
* In some of the covenants, God promised to fulfill his part without conditions. For example, when God established his covenant with mankind promising to never destroy the earth again with a worldwide flood, this promise had no conditions for people to fulfill.
* In other covenants, God promised to fulfill his part only if the people obeyed him and fulfilled their part of the covenant.
The term “new covenant” refers to the commitment or agreement God made with his people through the sacrifice of his Son, Jesus.
* God’s “new covenant” was explained in the part of the Bible called the “New Testament.”
* This new covenant is in contrast to the “old” or “former” covenant that God had made with the Israelites in Old Testament times.
* The new covenant is better than the old one because it is based on the sacrifice of Jesus, which completely atoned for people’s sins forever. The sacrifices made under the old covenant did not do this.
* God writes the new covenant on the hearts those who become believers in Jesus. This causes them to want to obey God and to begin to live holy lives.
* The new covenant will be completely fulfilled in the end times when God establishes his reign on earth. Everything will once again be very good, as it was when God first created the world.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Depending on the context, ways to translate this term could include, “binding agreement” or “formal commitment” or “pledge” or “contract.”
* Some languages may have different words for covenant depending on whether one party or both parties have made a promise they must keep. If the covenant is one-sided, it could be translated as “promise” or “pledge.”
* Make sure the translation of this term does not sound like people proposed the covenant. In all cases of covenants between God and people, it was God who initiated the covenant.
* The term “new covenant” could be translated as “new formal agreement” or “new pact” or “new contract.”
* The word “new” in these expressions has the meaning of “fresh” or “new kind of” or “another.”
(See also: [covenant](../kt/covenant.md), [promise](../kt/promise.md))
## Bible References:
* [Genesis 9:12](rc://en/tn/help/gen/09/12)
* [Genesis 17:7](rc://en/tn/help/gen/17/07)
* [Genesis 31:44](rc://en/tn/help/gen/31/44)
* [Exodus 34:10-11](rc://en/tn/help/exo/34/10)
* [Joshua 24:24-26](rc://en/tn/help/jos/24/24)
* [2 Samuel 23:5](rc://en/tn/help/2sa/23/5)
* [2 Kings 18:11-12](rc://en/tn/help/2ki/18/11)
* [Mark 14:24](rc://en/tn/help/mrk/14/24)
* [Luke 1:73](rc://en/tn/help/luk/01/73)
* [Luke 22:20](rc://en/tn/help/luk/22/20)
* [Acts 7:8](rc://en/tn/help/act/07/08)
* [1 Corinthians 11:25-26](rc://en/tn/help/1co/11/25)
* [2 Corinthians 3:6](rc://en/tn/help/2co/03/06)
* [Galatians 3:17-18](rc://en/tn/help/gal/03/17)
* [Hebrews 12:24](rc://en/tn/help/heb/12/24)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[4:9](rc://en/tn/help/obs/04/09)__ Then God made a __covenant__ with Abram. A __covenant__ is an agreement between two parties.
* __[5:4](rc://en/tn/help/obs/05/04)__ “I will make Ishmael a great nation, too, but my __covenant__ will be with Isaac.”
* __[6:4](rc://en/tn/help/obs/06/04)__ After a long time, Abraham died and all of the promises that God had made to him in the __covenant__ were passed on to Isaac.
* __[7:10](rc://en/tn/help/obs/07/10)__ “The __covenant__ promises God had promised to Abraham and then to Isaac now passed on to Jacob.”
* __[13:2](rc://en/tn/help/obs/13/02)__ God said to Moses and the people of Israel, “If you will obey my voice and keep my __covenant__, you will be my prized possession, a kingdom of priests, and a holy nation.”
* __[13:4](rc://en/tn/help/obs/13/04)__ Then God gave them the __covenant__ and said, “I am Yahweh, your God, who saved you from slavery in Egypt. Do not worship other gods.”
* __[15:13](rc://en/tn/help/obs/15/13)__ Then Joshua reminded the people of their obligation to obey the __covenant__ that God had made with the Israelites at Sinai.
* __[21:5](rc://en/tn/help/obs/21/05)__ Through the prophet Jeremiah, God promised that he would make a __New Covenant__, but not like the covenant God made with Israel at Sinai. In the __New Covenant__, God would write his law on the people’s hearts, the people would know God personally, they would be his people, and God would forgive their sins. The Messiah would start the __New Covenant__.
* __[21:14](rc://en/tn/help/obs/21/14)__ Through the Messiah’s death and resurrection, God would accomplish his plan to save sinners and start the __New Covenant__.
* __[38:5](rc://en/tn/help/obs/38/05)__ Then Jesus took a cup and said, “Drink this. It is my blood of the __New Covenant__ that is poured out for the forgiveness of sins. Do this to remember me every time you drink it.”
* __[48:11](rc://en/tn/help/obs/48/11)__ But God has now made a __New Covenant__ that is available to everyone. Because of this __New Covenant__, anyone from any people group can become part of God’s people by believing in Jesus.
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1285, H2319, H3772, G802, G1242, G4934

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# covenant faithfulness, covenant loyalty, covenant love
## Definition:
In biblical times, the term translated as “covenant faithfulness” was used to describe the kind of faithfulness, loyalty, kindness, and love that was both expected and demonstrated between people who were closely related to one another, either by marriage or by blood. This same term is used often in the Bible to describe the way God relates to his people, especially his commitment to fulfill the promises that he made to them.
* The way this term is translated can depend on how each of the individual terms “covenant” and “faithfulness” are translated.
* Other ways to translate this term might include: “faithful love;” “loyal, committed love;” or “loving dependability.”
(See also: [covenant](../kt/covenant.md), [faithful](../kt/faithful.md), [grace](../kt/grace.md), [Israel](../kt/israel.md), [people of God](../kt/peopleofgod.md), [promise](../kt/promise.md))
## Bible References:
* [Ezra 3:11](rc://en/tn/help/ezr/03/11)
* [Numbers 14:18](rc://en/tn/help/num/14/18)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H2617

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# cross
## Definition:
In Bible times, a cross was an upright wooden post stuck into the ground, with a horizontal wooden beam attached to it near the top.
* During the time of the Roman Empire, the Roman government would execute criminals by tying or nailing them to a cross and leaving them there to die.
* Jesus was falsely accused of crimes he did not commit and the Romans put him to death on a cross.
* Note that this is a completely different word from the verb “cross” that means to go over to the other side of something, such as a river or lake.
## Translation Suggestions:
* This term could be translated using a term in the target language that refers to the shape of a cross.
* Consider describing the cross as something on which people were killed, using phrases such as “execution post” or “tree of death.”
* Also consider how this word is translated in a Bible translation in a local or national language. (See: [How to Translate Unknowns](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown))
(See also: [crucify](../kt/crucify.md), [Rome](../names/rome.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Corinthians 1:17](rc://en/tn/help/1co/01/17)
* [Colossians 2:15](rc://en/tn/help/col/02/15)
* [Galatians 6:12](rc://en/tn/help/gal/06/12)
* [John 19:18](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/19/18)
* [Luke 9:23](rc://en/tn/help/luk/09/23)
* [Luke 23:26](rc://en/tn/help/luk/23/26)
* [Matthew 10:38](rc://en/tn/help/mat/10/38)
* [Philippians 2:8](rc://en/tn/help/php/02/08)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[40:1](rc://en/tn/help/obs/40/01)__ After the soldiers mocked Jesus, they led him away to crucify him. They made him carry the __cross__ on which he would die.
* __[40:2](rc://en/tn/help/obs/40/02)__ The soldiers brought Jesus to a place called “the Skull” and nailed his arms and feet to the __cross__.
* __[40:5](rc://en/tn/help/obs/40/05)__ The Jewish leaders and the other people in the crowd mocked Jesus. They said to him, “If you are the Son of God, come down from the __cross__ and save yourself! Then we will believe you.”
* __[49:10](rc://en/tn/help/obs/49/10)__ When Jesus died on the __cross__, he received your punishment.
* __[49:12](rc://en/tn/help/obs/49/12)__ You must believe that Jesus is the Son of God, that he died on the __cross__ instead of you, and that God raised him to life again.
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: G4716

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# crucify, crucified
## Definition:
The term “crucify” means to execute someone by attaching him to a cross and leaving him there to suffer and die in great pain.
* The victim was either tied to the cross or nailed to it. Crucified people died from blood loss or from suffocation.
* The ancient Roman Empire frequently used this method of execution to punish and kill people who were terrible criminals or who had rebelled against the authority of their government.
* The Jewish religious leaders asked the Roman governor to order his soldiers to crucify Jesus. The soldiers nailed Jesus to a cross. He suffered there for six hours, and then died.
## Translation Suggestions:
* The term “crucify” could be translated as “kill on a cross” or “execute by nailing to a cross.”
(See also: [cross](../kt/cross.md), [Rome](../names/rome.md))
## Bible References:
* [Acts 2:23](rc://en/tn/help/act/02/23)
* [Galatians 2:20-21](rc://en/tn/help/gal/02/20)
* [Luke 23:20-22](rc://en/tn/help/luk/23/20)
* [Luke 23:34](rc://en/tn/help/luk/23/34)
* [Matthew 20:17-19](rc://en/tn/help/mat/20/17)
* [Matthew 27:23-24](rc://en/tn/help/mat/27/23)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[39:11](rc://en/tn/help/obs/39/11)__ But the Jewish leaders and the crowd shouted, “__Crucify__ him (Jesus)!”
* __[39:12](rc://en/tn/help/obs/39/12)__ Pilate became afraid that the crowd would begin to riot, so he ordered his soldiers to __crucify__ Jesus.played a major role in the crucifixion of Jesus Christ.
* __[40:1](rc://en/tn/help/obs/40/01)__ After the soldiers mocked Jesus, they led him away to __crucify__ him. They made him carry the cross on which he would die.
* __[40:4](rc://en/tn/help/obs/40/04)__ Jesus was __crucified__ between two robbers.
* __[43:6](rc://en/tn/help/obs/43/06)__ “Men of Israel, Jesus was a man who did many mighty signs and wonders by the power of God, as you have seen and already know. But you __crucified__ him!”
* __[43:9](rc://en/tn/help/obs/43/09)__ “You __crucified__ this man, Jesus.”
* __[44:8](rc://en/tn/help/obs/44/08)__ Peter answered them, “This man stands before you healed by the power of Jesus the Messiah. You __crucified__ Jesus, but God raised him to life again!”
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: G388, G4362, G4717, G4957

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# curse, cursed, cursing
## Definition:
The term “curse” means to cause negative things to happen to the person or thing that is being cursed.
* A curse can be a statement that harm will happen to someone or something.
* To curse someone can also be an expression of desire that bad things will happen to them.
* It can also refer to the punishment or other negative things that someone causes to happen to someone.
## Translation Suggestions:
* This term could be translated as “cause bad things to happen to” or “declare that something bad will happen to” or “swear to cause evil things to happen to.”
* In the context of God sending curses on his disobedient people, it could be translated as “punish by allowing bad things to happen.”
* The term “cursed” when used to describe people could be translated as “(this person) will experience much trouble.”
* The phrase “cursed be” could be translated as “May (this person) experience great difficulties.”
* The phrase, “Cursed is the ground” could be translated as “The soil will not be very fertile.”
* However, if the target language has the phrase “cursed be” and it has the same meaning, then it is good to keep the same phrase.
(See also: [bless](../kt/bless.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Samuel 14:24-26](rc://en/tn/help/1sa/14/24)
* [2 Peter 2:12-14](rc://en/tn/help/2pe/02/12)
* [Galatians 3:10](rc://en/tn/help/gal/03/10)
* [Galatians 3:14](rc://en/tn/help/gal/03/14)
* [Genesis 3:14](rc://en/tn/help/gen/03/14)
* [Genesis 3:17](rc://en/tn/help/gen/03/17)
* [James 3:10](rc://en/tn/help/jas/03/10)
* [Numbers 22:6](rc://en/tn/help/num/22/06)
* [Psalms 109:28](rc://en/tn/help/psa/109/28)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[2:9](rc://en/tn/help/obs/02/09)__ God said to the snake, “You are __cursed__!”
* __[2:11](rc://en/tn/help/obs/02/11)__ “Now the ground is __cursed__, and you will need to work hard to grow food.”
* __[4:4](rc://en/tn/help/obs/04/04)__ “I will bless those who bless you and __curse__ those who __curse__ you.”
* __[39:7](rc://en/tn/help/obs/39/07)__ Then Peter vowed, saying, “May God __curse__ me if I know this man!”
* __[50:16](rc://en/tn/help/obs/50/16)__ Because Adam and Eve disobeyed God and brought sin into this world, God __cursed__ it and decided to destroy it.
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H422, H423, H779, H1288, H2763, H2764, H3994, H5344, H6895, H7043, H7045, H7621, H8381, G331, G332, G685, G1944, G2551, G2652, G2653, G2671, G2672, G6035

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# daughter of Zion
## Definition:
“Daughter of Zion” is a figurative way of referring to the people of Israel. It is usually used in prophecies.
* In the Old Testament, “Zion” is often used as another name for the city of Jerusalem.
* Both “Zion” and “Jerusalem” are also used to refer to Israel.
* The term “Daughter” is a term of endearment or affection. It is a metaphor for the patience and care that God has for his people.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Ways to translate this could include “my daughter Israel, from Zion” or “people from Zion, who are like a daughter to me” or “Zion, my dear people Israel.”
* It is best to keep the term “Zion” in this expression since it is used many times in the Bible. A note could be included in the translation to explain its figurative meaning and prophetic use.
* It is also better to keep the term “Daughter” in the translation of this expression, as long as it is understood correctly.
(See also: [Jerusalem](../names/jerusalem.md), [prophet](../kt/prophet.md), [Zion](../kt/zion.md))
## Bible References:
* [Jeremiah 6:2](rc://en/tn/help/jer/06/02)
* [John 12:15](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/12/15)
* [Matthew 21:5](rc://en/tn/help/mat/21/05)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1323, H6726

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# day of the Lord, day of Yahweh
## Description:
The Old Testament term “day of Yahweh” is used to refer to a specific time(s) when God would punish people for their sin.
* The New Testament term “day of the Lord” usually refers to the day or time when the Lord Jesus will come back to judge people at the end of time.
* This final, future time of judgment and resurrection is also sometimes referred to as the “last day.” This time will begin when the Lord Jesus comes back to judge sinners and will permanently establish his rule.
* The word “day” in these phrases may sometimes refer to a literal day or it may refer to a “time” or “occasion” that is longer than a day.
* Sometimes the punishment is referred to as a “pouring out of God’s wrath” upon those who do not believe.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Depending on the context, other ways to translate “day of Yahweh” could include “time of Yahweh” or “time when Yahweh will punish his enemies” or “time of Yahweh’s wrath.”
* Other ways to translate “day of the Lord” could include “time of the Lord’s judgment” or “time when the Lord Jesus will return to judge people.”
(See also: [day](../other/biblicaltimeday.md), [judgment day](../kt/judgmentday.md), [Lord](../kt/lord.md), [resurrection](../kt/resurrection.md), [Yahweh](../kt/yahweh.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Corinthians 5:5](rc://en/tn/help/1co/05/05)
* [1 Thessalonians 5:2](rc://en/tn/help/1th/05/02)
* [2 Peter 3:10](rc://en/tn/help/2pe/03/10)
* [2 Thessalonians 2:2](rc://en/tn/help/2th/02/02)
* [Acts 2:20-21](rc://en/tn/help/act/02/20)
* [Philippians 1:9-11](rc://en/tn/help/php/01/09)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H3068, H3117, G2250, G2962

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# deacon
## Definition:
A deacon is a person who serves in the local church, helping fellow believers with practical needs, such as food or money.
* The word “deacon” is taken directly from a Greek word meaning “servant” or “minister.”
* From the time of the early Christians, being a deacon has been a well-defined role and ministry in the Church body.
* For example, in the New Testament, deacons would make sure that whatever money or food that the believers shared would be distributed fairly to the widows among them.
* The term “deacon” could also be translated as “church minister” or “church worker” or “church servant,” or some other phrase that shows that the person has been formally appointed to do specific tasks that benefit the local Christian community.
(See also: [minister](../kt/minister.md), [servant](../other/servant.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Timothy 3:10](rc://en/tn/help/1ti/03/10)
* [1 Timothy 3:13](rc://en/tn/help/1ti/03/13)
* [Philippians 1:1](rc://en/tn/help/php/01/01)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: G1249

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# demon, evil spirit, unclean spirit
## Definition:
All these terms refer to demons, which are spirit beings that oppose God’s will.
* God created angels to serve him. When the devil rebelled against God, some of the angels also rebelled and were thrown out of heaven. It is believed that demons and evil spirits are these “fallen angels.”
* Sometimes these demons are called “unclean spirits.” The term “unclean” means “impure” or “evil” or “unholy.”
* Because demons serve the devil, they do evil things. Sometimes they live inside people and control them.
* Demons are more powerful than human beings, but not as powerful as God.
## Translation Suggestions:
* The term “demon” could also be translated as “evil spirit.”
* The term “unclean spirit” could also be translated as “impure spirit” or “corrupt spirit” or “evil spirit.”
* Make sure that the word or phrase used to translate this term is different from the term used to refer to the devil.
* Also consider how the term “demon” is translated in a local or national language. (See: [How to Translate Unknowns](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown))
(See also: [demon-possessed](../kt/demonpossessed.md), [Satan](../kt/satan.md), [false god](../kt/falsegod.md), [false god](../kt/falsegod.md), [angel](../kt/angel.md), [evil](../kt/evil.md), [clean](../kt/clean.md))
## Bible References:
* [James 2:19](rc://en/tn/help/jas/02/19)
* [James 3:15](rc://en/tn/help/jas/03/15)
* [Luke 4:36](rc://en/tn/help/luk/04/36)
* [Mark 3:22](rc://en/tn/help/mrk/03/22)
* [Matthew 4:24](rc://en/tn/help/mat/04/24)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[26:9](rc://en/tn/help/obs/26/09)__ Many people who had __demons__ in them were brought to Jesus. When Jesus commanded them, the __demons__ came out of the people, and often shouted, “You are the Son of God!”
* __[32:8](rc://en/tn/help/obs/32/08)__ The __demons__ came out of the man and entered the pigs.
* __[47:5](rc://en/tn/help/obs/47/05)__ Finally one day when the slave girl started yelling, Paul turned to her and said to the __demon__ that was in her, “In the name of Jesus, come out of her.” Right away the __demon__ left her.
* __[49:2](rc://en/tn/help/obs/49/02)__ He (Jesus) walked on water, calmed storms, healed many sick people, drove out __demons__, raised the dead to life, and turned five loaves of bread and two small fish into enough food for over 5,000 people.
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H2932, H7307, H7451, H7700, G169, G1139, G1140, G1141, G1142, G4190, G4151, G4152, G4189

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# demon-possessed
## Definition:
A person who is demon-possessed has a demon or evil spirit that controls what he does and thinks.
* Often a demon-possessed person will hurt himself or other people because the demon causes him to do that.
* Jesus healed demon-possessed people by commanding the demons to come out of them. This is often called “casting out” demons.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Other ways to translate this term could include “demon-controlled” or “controlled by an evil spirit” or “having an evil spirit living inside.”
(See also: [demon](../kt/demon.md))
## Bible References:
* [Mark 1:32](rc://en/tn/help/mrk/01/32)
* [Matthew 4:24](rc://en/tn/help/mat/04/24)
* [Matthew 8:16](rc://en/tn/help/mat/08/16)
* [Matthew 8:33](rc://en/tn/help/mat/08/33)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[26:9](rc://en/tn/help/obs/26/09)__ Many people who had __demons in them__ were brought to Jesus.
* __[32:2](rc://en/tn/help/obs/32/02)__ When they reached the other side of the lake, a __demon-possessed__ man came running up to Jesus.
* __[32:6](rc://en/tn/help/obs/32/06)__ The man __with the demon__ cried out in a loud voice, “What do you want with me, Jesus, Son of the Most High God? Please do not torture me!”
* __[32:9](rc://en/tn/help/obs/32/09)__ The people from the town came and saw the man who used to __have the demons__.
* __[47:3](rc://en/tn/help/obs/47/03)__ Every day as they (Paul and Silas) walked there, a slave girl __possessed by a demon__ followed them.
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: G1139

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# disciple
## Definition:
The term “disciple” refers to a person who spends much time with a teacher, learning from that teacher’s character and teaching.
* The people who followed Jesus around, listening to his teachings and obeying them, were called his “disciples.”
* John the Baptist also had disciples.
* During Jesus’ ministry, there were many disciples who followed him and heard his teachings.
* Jesus chose twelve disciples to be his closest followers; these men became known as his “apostles.”
* Jesus’ twelve apostles continued to be known as his “disciples” or “the 12.”
* Just before Jesus went up to heaven, he commanded his disciples to teach other people about how to become Jesus’ disciples, too.
* Anyone who believes in Jesus and obeys his teachings is called a disciple of Jesus.
## Translation Suggestions:
* The term “disciple” could be translated by a word or phrase that means “follower” or “student” or “pupil” or “learner.”
* Make sure that the translation of this term does not refer only to a student who learns in a classroom.
* The translation of this term should also be different from the translation of “apostle.”
(See also: [apostle](../kt/apostle.md), [believe](../kt/believe.md), [Jesus](../kt/jesus.md), [John (the Baptist)](../names/johnthebaptist.md), [the twelve](../kt/thetwelve.md))
## Bible References:
* [Acts 6:1](rc://en/tn/help/act/06/01)
* [Acts 9:26-27](rc://en/tn/help/act/09/26)
* [Acts 11:26](rc://en/tn/help/act/11/26)
* [Acts 14:22](rc://en/tn/help/act/14/22)
* [John 13:23](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/13/23)
* [Luke 6:40](rc://en/tn/help/luk/06/40)
* [Matthew 11:3](rc://en/tn/help/mat/11/03)
* [Matthew 26:33-35](rc://en/tn/help/mat/26/33)
* [Matthew 27:64](rc://en/tn/help/mat/27/64)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[30:8](rc://en/tn/help/obs/30/08)__ He (Jesus) gave the pieces to his __disciples__ to give to the people. The __disciples__ kept passing out the food, and it never ran out!
* __[38:1](rc://en/tn/help/obs/38/01)__ About three years after Jesus first began preaching and teaching publicly, Jesus told his __disciples__ that he wanted to celebrate this Passover with them in Jerusalem, and that he would be killed there.
* __[38:11](rc://en/tn/help/obs/38/11)__ Then Jesus went with his __disciples__ to a place called Gethsemane. Jesus told his __disciples__ to pray that they would not enter into temptation.
* __[42:10](rc://en/tn/help/obs/42/10)__ Jesus said to his __disciples__, “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. So go, make __disciples__ of all people groups by baptizing them in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, and by teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you.”
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H3928, G3100, G3101, G3102

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# discipline, self-discipline
## Definition:
The term “discipline” refers to training people to obey a set of guidelines for moral behavior.
* Parents discipline their children by providing moral guidance and direction for them and teaching them to obey.
* Similarly, God disciplines his children to help them produce healthy spiritual fruit in their lives, such as joy, love, and patience.
* Discipline involves instruction regarding how to live to please God, as well as punishment for behavior that is against God’s will.
* Self-discipline is the process of applying moral and spiritual principles to one’s own life.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Depending on the context, “discipline” could be translated as “train and instruct” or “morally guide” or “punish for wrongdoing.”
* The noun “discipline” could be translated as “moral training” or “punishment” or “moral correction” or “moral guidance and instruction.”
## Bible References:
* [Ephesians 6:4](rc://en/tn/help/eph/06/4)
* [Hebrews 12:5](rc://en/tn/help/heb/12/05)
* [Proverbs 19:18](rc://en/tn/help/pro/19/18)
* [Proverbs 23:13-14](rc://en/tn/help/pro/23/13)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H4148, G1468

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# divine
## Definition:
The term “divine” refers to anything pertaining to God.
* Some ways this term is used include “divine authority,” “divine judgment,” “divine nature,” “divine power,” and “divine glory.”
* In one passage in the Bible, the term “divine” is used to describe something about a false deity.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Ways to translate the term “divine” could include “God’s” or “from God” or “pertaining to God” or “characterized by God.”
* For example, “divine authority” could be translated as “God’s authority” or “authority that comes from God.”
* The phrase “divine glory” could be translated as “God’s glory” or “the glory that God has” or “glory that comes from God.”
* Some translations may prefer to use a different word when describing something that pertains to a false god.
(See also: [authority](../kt/authority.md), [false god](../kt/falsegod.md), [glory](../kt/glory.md), [God](../kt/god.md), [judge](../kt/judge.md), [power](../kt/power.md))
## Bible References:
* [2 Corinthians 10:3-4](rc://en/tn/help/2co/10/03)
* [2 Peter 1:4](rc://en/tn/help/2pe/01/04)
* [Romans 1:20](rc://en/tn/help/rom/01/20)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: G2304, G2999

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# dominion
## Definition:
The term “dominion” refers to power, control, or authority over people, animals, or land.
* Jesus Christ is said to have dominion over all the earth, as prophet, priest, and king.
* Satan’s dominion has been defeated forever by Jesus Christ’s death on the cross.
* At creation, God said that man is to have dominion over fish, birds, and all creatures on the earth.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Depending on the context, other ways to translate this term could include “authority” or “power” or “control.”
* The phrase “have dominion over” could be translated as “rule over” or “manage.”
(See also: [authority](../kt/authority.md), [power](../kt/power.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Peter 5:10-11](rc://en/tn/help/1pe/05/10)
* [Colossians 1:13](rc://en/tn/help/col/01/13)
* [Jude 1:25](rc://en/tn/help/jud/01/25)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1166, H4474, H4475, H4896, H4910, H4915, H7287, H7300, H7980, H7985, G2634, G2904, G2961, G2963

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# chosen, choose, chosen people, Chosen One, elect
## Definition:
The term “the elect” literally means “chosen ones” or “chosen people” and refers to those whom God has appointed or selected to be his people. “Chosen One” or “Chosen One of God” is a title that refers to Jesus, who is the chosen Messiah.
* The term “choose” means to select something or someone or to decide something. It is often used to refer to God appointing people to belong to him and to serve him.
* To be “chosen” means to be “selected” or “appointed” to be or do something.
* God chose people to be holy, to be set apart by him for the purpose of bearing good spiritual fruit. That is why they are called “the chosen (ones)” or “the elect.”
* The term “chosen one” is sometimes used in the Bible to refer to certain people such as Moses and King David whom God had appointed as leaders over his people. It is also used to refer to the nation of Israel as God’s chosen people.
* The phrase “the elect” is an older term that literally means “the chosen ones” or “the chosen people.” This phrase in the original language is plural when referring to believers in Christ.
* In older English Bible versions, the term “elect” is used in both the Old and New Testaments to translate the word for “chosen one(s).” More modern versions use “elect” only in the New Testament, to refer to people who have been saved by God through faith in Jesus. Elsewhere in the Bible text, they translate this word more literally as “chosen ones.”
## Translation Suggestions:
* It is best to translate “elect” with a word or phrase that means “chosen ones” or “chosen people.” This could also be translated as “people whom God chose” or “the ones God appointed to be his people.”
* The phrase “who were chosen” could also be translated as “who were appointed” or “who were selected” or “whom God chose.”
* “I chose you” could be translated as “I appointed you” or “I selected you.”
* In reference to Jesus, “Chosen One” could also be translated as “God’s chosen One” or “God’s specially appointed Messiah” or “the One God appointed (to save people).”
(See also: [appoint](../kt/appoint.md), [Christ](../kt/christ.md))
## Bible References:
* [2 John 1:1](rc://en/tn/help/2jn/01/01)
* [Colossians 3:12](rc://en/tn/help/col/03/12)
* [Ephesians 1:3-4](rc://en/tn/help/eph/01/03)
* [Isaiah 65:22-23](rc://en/tn/help/isa/65/22)
* [Luke 18:7](rc://en/tn/help/luk/18/07)
* [Matthew 24:19-22](rc://en/tn/help/mat/24/19)
* [Romans 8:33](rc://en/tn/help/rom/08/33)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H970, H972, H977, H1262, H1305, H4005, H6901, G138, G140, G1586, G1588, G1589, G1951, G3724, G4400, G4401, G4758, G4899, G5500

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# ephod
## Definition:
An ephod was an apron-like garment worn by the Israelite priests. It had two parts, front and back, that were joined together at the shoulders and tied around the waist with a cloth belt.
* One kind of ephod was made of plain linen and was worn by the ordinary priests.
* The ephod worn by the high priest was specially embroidered with gold, blue, purple, and red yarn.
* The breastpiece of the high priest was attached to the front of the ephod. Behind the breastpiece were stored the Urim and Thummim, which were stones used for asking God what his will was in certain matters.
* The judge Gideon foolishly made an ephod out of gold and it became something that the Israelites worshiped as an idol.
(See also: [priest](../kt/priest.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Samuel 2:18-19](rc://en/tn/help/1sa/02/18)
* [Exodus 28:4-5](rc://en/tn/help/exo/28/04)
* [Hosea 3:4](rc://en/tn/help/hos/03/04)
* [Judges 8:27](rc://en/tn/help/jdg/08/27)
* [Leviticus 8:7](rc://en/tn/help/lev/08/07)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H641, H642, H646

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# eternity, everlasting, eternal, forever
## Definition:
The terms “everlasting” and “eternal” have very similar meanings and refer to something that will always exist or that lasts forever.
* The term “eternity” refers to a state of being that has no beginning or end. It can also refer to life that never ends.
* After this present life on earth, humans will spend eternity either in heaven with God or in hell apart from God.
* The terms “eternal life” and “everlasting life” are used in the New Testament to refer to living forever with God in heaven.
The term “forever” refers to never-ending time.
* The phrase “forever and ever” has the idea of time that never ends and expresses what eternity or eternal life is like. It emphasizes that something will always happen or exist. It refers to time that never ends.
* God said that David’s throne would last “forever.” This is referred to the fact that David’s descendant Jesus will reign as king forever.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Other ways to translate “eternal” or “everlasting” could include “unending” or “never stopping” or “always continuing.”
* The terms “eternal life” and “everlasting life” could also be translated as “life that never ends” or “life that continues without stopping” or “the raising up of our bodies to live forever.”
* Depending on the context, different ways to translate “eternity” could include “existing outside of time” or “unending life” or “life in heaven.”
* Also consider how this word is translated in a Bible translation in a local or national language. (See: [How to Translate Unknowns](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown))
* “Forever” could also be translated by “always” or “never ending.”
* The phrase “will last forever” could also be translated as “always exist” or “will never stop” or “will always continue.”
* The emphatic phrase “forever and ever” could also be translated as “for always and always” or “not ever ending” or “which never, ever ends.”
* David’s throne lasting forever could be translated as “David’s descendant will reign forever” or “a descendant of David will always be reigning.”
(See also: [David](../names/david.md), [reign](../other/reign.md), [life](../kt/life.md))
## Bible References:
* [Genesis 17:8](rc://en/tn/help/gen/17/08)
* [Genesis 48:4](rc://en/tn/help/gen/48/04)
* [Exodus 15:17](rc://en/tn/help/exo/15/17)
* [2 Samuel 3:28-30](rc://en/tn/help/2sa/03/28)
* [1 Kings 2:32-33](rc://en/tn/help/1ki/02/32)
* [Job 4:20-21](rc://en/tn/help/job/04/20)
* [Psalms 21:4](rc://en/tn/help/psa/021/04)
* [Isaiah 9:6-7](rc://en/tn/help/isa/09/06)
* [Isaiah 40:27-28](rc://en/tn/help/isa/40/27)
* [Daniel 7:18](rc://en/tn/help/dan/07/18)
* [Luke 18:18](rc://en/tn/help/luk/18/18)
* [Acts 13:46](rc://en/tn/help/act/13/46)
* [Romans 5:21](rc://en/tn/help/rom/05/21)
* [Hebrews 6:19-20](rc://en/tn/help/heb/06/19)
* [Hebrews 10:11-14](rc://en/tn/help/heb/10/11)
* [1 John 1:2](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/01/02)
* [1 John 5:12](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/05/12)
* [Revelation 1:4-6](rc://en/tn/help/rev/01/04)
* [Revelation 22:3-5](rc://en/tn/help/rev/22/03)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[27:1](rc://en/tn/help/obs/27/01)__ One day, an expert in the Jewish law came to Jesus to test him, saying, “Teacher, what must I do to inherit __eternal life__?”
* __[28:1](rc://en/tn/help/obs/28/01)__ One day, a rich young ruler came up to Jesus and asked him, “Good Teacher, what must I do to have __eternal life__?” Jesus said to him, “Why do you ask me about what is good? There is only One who is good, and that is God. But if you want to have __eternal life__, obey God’s laws.”
* __[28:10](rc://en/tn/help/obs/28/10)__ Jesus answered, “Everyone who has left houses, brothers, sisters, father, mother, children, or property for my name’s sake, will receive 100 times more and will also receive __eternal life__.”
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H3117, H4481, H5331, H5703, H5705, H5769, H5865, H5957, H6924, G126, G165, G166, G1336

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# eunuch
## Definition:
Usually the term “eunuch” refers to a man who has been castrated. The term later became a general term to refer to any government official, even those without the deformity.
* Jesus said that some eunuchs were born that way, perhaps because of damaged sex organs or because of not being able to function sexually. Others chose to live like eunuchs in a celibate lifestyle.
* In ancient times, eunuchs were often kings’ servants who were set as guards over the women’s quarters.
* Some eunuchs were important government officials, such as the Ethiopian eunuch who met the apostle Philip in the desert.
(See also: [Philip](../names/philip.md))
## Bible References:
* [Acts 8:27](rc://en/tn/help/act/08/27)
* [Acts 8:36](rc://en/tn/help/act/08/36)
* [Acts 8:39](rc://en/tn/help/act/08/39)
* [Isaiah 39:7-8](rc://en/tn/help/isa/39/07)
* [Jeremiah 34:17-19](rc://en/tn/help/jer/34/17)
* [Matthew 19:12](rc://en/tn/help/mat/19/12)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H5631, G2134, G2135

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# evangelist
## Definition:
An “evangelist” is a person who tells other people the good news about Jesus Christ.
* The literal meaning of “evangelist” is “someone who preaches the good news.”
* Jesus sent his apostles out to spread the good news about how to be part of God’s kingdom through trusting in Jesus and his sacrifice for sin.
* All Christians are exhorted to share this good news.
* Some Christians are given a special spiritual gift to effectively tell the gospel to others. These people are said to have the gift of evangelism and are called “evangelists.”
## Translation Suggestions:
* The term “evangelist” could be translated as “someone who preaches the good news” or “teacher of the good news” or “person who proclaims the good news (about Jesus)” or “good news proclaimer.”
(See also: [good news](../kt/goodnews.md), [spirit](../kt/spirit.md), [gift](../kt/gift.md))
## Bible References:
* [2 Timothy 4:5](rc://en/tn/help/2ti/04/05)
* [Ephesians 4:11-13](rc://en/tn/help/eph/04/11)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: G2099

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# evil, wicked, unpleasant
## Definition:
In the Bible, the term “evil” can refer either to the concept of moral wickedness or emotional unpleasantness. The context will usually make it clear which meaning is intended in the specific instance of the term.
* While “evil” may describe a person’s character, “wicked” may refer more to a person’s behavior. However, both terms are very similar in meaning.
* The term “wickedness” refers to the state of being that exists when people do wicked things.
* The results of evil are clearly shown in how people mistreat others by killing, stealing, slandering and being cruel and unkind.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Depending on the context, the terms “evil” and “wicked” can be translated as “bad” or “sinful” or “immoral.”
* Other ways to translate these could include “not good” or “not righteous” or “not moral.”
* Make sure the words or phrases that are used to translate these terms fit the context that is natural in the target language.
(See also: [disobey](../other/disobey.md), [sin](../kt/sin.md), [good](../kt/good.md), [righteous](../kt/righteous.md), [demon](../kt/demon.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Samuel 24:11](rc://en/tn/help/1sa/24/11)
* [1 Timothy 6:10](rc://en/tn/help/1ti/06/10)
* [3 John 1:10](rc://en/tn/help/3jn/01/10)
* [Genesis 2:17](rc://en/tn/help/gen/02/17)
* [Genesis 6:5-6](rc://en/tn/help/gen/06/05)
* [Job 1:1](rc://en/tn/help/job/01/01)
* [Job 8:20](rc://en/tn/help/job/08/20)
* [Judges 9:57](rc://en/tn/help/jdg/09/57)
* [Luke 6:22-23](rc://en/tn/help/luk/06/22)
* [Matthew 7:11-12](rc://en/tn/help/mat/07/11)
* [Proverbs 3:7](rc://en/tn/help/pro/03/07)
* [Psalms 22:16-17](rc://en/tn/help/psa/022/016)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[2:4](rc://en/tn/help/obs/02/04)__ “God just knows that as soon as you eat it, you will be like God and will understand good and __evil__ like he does.”
* __[3:1](rc://en/tn/help/obs/03/01)__ After a long time, many people were living in the world. They had become very __wicked__ and violent.
* __[3:2](rc://en/tn/help/obs/03/02)__ But Noah found favor with God. He was a righteous man living among __wicked__ people.
* __[4:2](rc://en/tn/help/obs/04/02)__ God saw that if they all kept working together to do __evil__, they could do many more sinful things.
* __[8:12](rc://en/tn/help/obs/08/12)__ “You tried to do __evil__ when you sold me as a slave, but God used the __evil__ for good!”
* __[14:2](rc://en/tn/help/obs/14/02)__ They (Canaanites) worshiped false gods and did many __evil__ things.
* __[17:1](rc://en/tn/help/obs/17/01)__ But then he (Saul) became a __wicked__ man who did not obey God, so God chose a different man who would one day be king in his place.
* __[18:11](rc://en/tn/help/obs/18/11)__ In the new kingdom of Israel, all the kings were __evil__.
* __[29:8](rc://en/tn/help/obs/29/08)__ The king was so angry that he threw the __wicked__ servant into prison until he could pay back all of his debt.
* __[45:2](rc://en/tn/help/obs/45/02)__ They said, “We heard him (Stephen) speak __evil__ things about Moses and God!”
* __[50:17](rc://en/tn/help/obs/50/17)__ He (Jesus) will wipe away every tear and there will be no more suffering, sadness, crying, __evil__, pain, or death.
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H0205, H0605, H1100, H1681, H1942, H2154, H2162, H2254, H2617, H3399, H3415, H4209, H4849, H5753, H5766, H5767, H5999, H6001, H6090, H7451, H7455, H7489, H7561, H7562, H7563, H7564, G0092, G0113, G0459, G0932, G0987, G0988, G1426, G2549, G2551, G2554, G2555, G2556, G2557, G2559, G2560, G2635, G2636, G4151, G4189, G4190, G4191, G5337

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# exalt, exalted, exaltation
## Definition:
To exalt is to highly praise and honor someone. It can also mean to put someone in a high position.
* In the Bible, the term “exalt” is most often used for exalting God.
* When a person exalts himself, it means he is thinking about himself in a proud or arrogant way.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Ways to translate “exalt” could include “highly praise” or “honor greatly” or “extol” or “speak highly of.”
* In some contexts it could be translated by a word or phrase that means “put in a higher position” or “give more honor to” or “talk about proudly.”
* “Do not exalt yourself” could also be translated as “Do not think of yourself too highly” or “Do not brag about yourself.”
* “Those that exalt themselves” could also be translated as “Those who think proudly about themselves” or “Those who boast about themselves.”
(See also: [praise](../other/praise.md), [worship](../kt/worship.md), [glory](../kt/glory.md), [boast](../kt/boast.md), [proud](../other/proud.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Peter 5:5-7](rc://en/tn/help/1pe/05/05)
* [2 Samuel 22:47](rc://en/tn/help/2sa/22/47)
* [Acts 5:31](rc://en/tn/help/act/05/31)
* [Philippians 2:9-11](rc://en/tn/help/php/02/09)
* [Psalms 18:46](rc://en/tn/help/psa/018/46)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1361, H4984, H5375, H5549, H5927, H7311, H7426, H7682, G1869, G5229, G5251, G5311, G5312

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# exhort, exhortation
## Definition:
The term “exhort” means to strongly encourage and urge someone to do what is right. Such encouragement is called “exhortation.”
* The purpose of exhortation is to persuade other people to avoid sin and follow God’s will.
* The New Testament teaches Christians to exhort each other in love, not harshly or abruptly.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Depending on the context, “exhort” could also be translated as “strongly urge” or “persuade” or “advise.”
* Make sure the translation of this term does not imply that the exhorter is angry. The term should convey strength and seriousness, but should not refer to angry speech.
* In most contexts, the term “exhort” should be translated differently than “encourage,” which means to inspire, reassure, or comfort someone.
* Usually this term will also be translated differently from “admonish,” which means to warn or correct someone for his wrong behavior.
## Bible References:
* [1 Thessalonians 2:3-4](rc://en/tn/help/1th/02/03)
* [1 Thessalonians 2:12](rc://en/tn/help/1th/02/12)
* [1 Timothy 5:2](rc://en/tn/help/1ti/05/02)
* [Luke 3:18](rc://en/tn/help/luk/03/18)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: G3867, G3870, G3874, G4389

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# faith
## Definition:
In general, the term “faith” refers to a belief, trust or confidence in someone or something.
* To “have faith” in someone is to believe that what he says and does is true and trustworthy.
* To “have faith in Jesus” means to believe all of God’s teachings about Jesus. It especially means that people trust in Jesus and his sacrifice to cleanse them from their sin and to rescue them from the punishment they deserve because of their sin.
* True faith or belief in Jesus will cause a person to produce good spiritual fruits or behaviors because the Holy Spirit is living in him.
* Sometimes “faith” refers generally to all the teachings about Jesus, as in the expression “the truths of the faith.”
* In contexts such as “keep the faith” or “abandon the faith,” the term “faith” refers to the state or condition of believing all the teachings about Jesus.
## Translation Suggestions:
* In some contexts, “faith” can be translated as “belief” or “conviction” or “confidence” or “trust.”
* For some languages these terms will be translated using forms of the verb “believe.” (See: [abstractnouns](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns))
* The expression “keep the faith” could be translated by “keep believing in Jesus” or “continue to believe in Jesus.”
* The sentence “they must keep hold of the deep truths of the faith” could be translated by “they must keep believing all the true things about Jesus that they have been taught.”
* The expression “my true son in the faith” could be translated by something like “who is like a son to me because I taught him to believe in Jesus” or “my true spiritual son, who believes in Jesus.”
(See also: [believe](../kt/believe.md), [faithful](../kt/faithful.md))
## Bible References:
* [2 Timothy 4:7](rc://en/tn/help/2ti/04/07)
* [Acts 6:7](rc://en/tn/help/act/06/7)
* [Galatians 2:20-21](rc://en/tn/help/gal/02/20)
* [James 2:20](rc://en/tn/help/jas/02/20)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[5:6](rc://en/tn/help/obs/05/06)__ When Isaac was a young man, God tested Abraham’s __faith__ by saying, “Take Isaac, your only son, and kill him as a sacrifice to me.”
* __[31:7](rc://en/tn/help/obs/31/07)__ Then he (Jesus) said to Peter, “You man of little __faith__, why did you doubt?”
* __[32:16](rc://en/tn/help/obs/32/16)__ Jesus said to her, “Your __faith__ has healed you. Go in peace.”
* __[38:9](rc://en/tn/help/obs/38/09)__ Then Jesus said to Peter, “Satan wants to have all of you, but I have prayed for you, Peter, that your __faith__ will not fail.”
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H529, H530, G1680, G3640, G4102, G6066

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# faithful, faithfulness, trustworthy
## Definition:
To be “faithful” to God means to consistently live according to God’s teachings. It means to be loyal to him by obeying him.The state or condition of being faithful is “faithfulness.”
* A person who is faithful can be trusted to always keep his promises and to always fulfill his responsibilities to other people.
* A faithful person perseveres in doing a task, even when it is long and difficult.
* Faithfulness to God is the consistent practice of doing what God wants us to do.
## Translation Suggestions:
* In many contexts, “faithful” can be translated as “loyal” or “dedicated” or “dependable.”
* In other contexts, “faithful” can be translated by a word or phrase that means “continuing to believe” or “persevering in believing and obeying God.”
* Ways that “faithfulness” could be translated could include “persevering in believing” or “loyalty” or “trustworthiness” or “believing and obeying God.”
(See also: [believe](../kt/believe.md), [faith](../kt/faith.md), [believe](../kt/believe.md))
## Bible References:
* [Genesis 24:49](rc://en/tn/help/gen/24/49)
* [Leviticus 26:40](rc://en/tn/help/lev/26/40)
* [Numbers 12:7](rc://en/tn/help/num/12/07)
* [Joshua 2:14](rc://en/tn/help/jos/02/14)
* [Judges 2:16-17](rc://en/tn/help/jdg/02/16)
* [1 Samuel 2:9](rc://en/tn/help/1sa/02/9)
* [Psalm 12:1](rc://en/tn/help/psa/012/1)
* [Proverbs 11:12-13](rc://en/tn/help/pro/11/12)
* [Isaiah 1:26](rc://en/tn/help/isa/01/26)
* [Jeremiah 9:7-9](rc://en/tn/help/jer/09/07)
* [Hosea 5:7](rc://en/tn/help/hos/05/07)
* [Luke 12:46](rc://en/tn/help/luk/12/46)
* [Luke 16:10](rc://en/tn/help/luk/16/10)
* [Colossians 1:7](rc://en/tn/help/col/01/07)
* [1 Thessalonians 5:24](rc://en/tn/help/1th/05/24)
* [3 John 1:5](rc://en/tn/help/3jn/01/05)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[8:5](rc://en/tn/help/obs/08/05)__ Even in prison, Joseph remained __faithful__ to God, and God blessed him.
* __[14:12](rc://en/tn/help/obs/14/12)__ Even so, God was still __faithful__ to His promises to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.
* __[15:13](rc://en/tn/help/obs/15/13)__ The people promised to remain __faithful__ to God and follow his laws.
* __[17:9](rc://en/tn/help/obs/17/09)__ David ruled with justice and __faithfulness__ for many years, and God blessed him. However, toward the end of his life he sinned terribly against God.
* __[35:12](rc://en/tn/help/obs/35/12)__ “The older son said to his father, ‘All these years I have worked __faithfully__ for you!’”
* __[49:17](rc://en/tn/help/obs/49/17)__ But God is __faithful__ and says that if you confess your sins, he will forgive you.
* __[50:4](rc://en/tn/help/obs/50/04)__ “If you remain __faithful__ to me to the end, then God will save you.”
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H0529, H0530, H0539, H540, H571, H898, H2181, H4603, H4604, H4820, G569, G571, G4103

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# faithless, unfaithful, unfaithfulness
## Definition:
The term “faithless” means to not have faith or to not believe.
* This word is used to describe people who do not believe in God. Their lack of belief is seen by the immoral way they act.
* The prophet Jeremiah accused Israel of being faithless and disobedient to God.
* They worshiped idols and followed other ungodly customs of people groups who did not worship or obey God.
The term “unfaithful” describes people who do not do what God has commanded them to do. The condition or practice of being unfaithful is “unfaithfulness.”
* The people of Israel were called “unfaithful” when they began to worship idols and when they disobeyed God in other ways.
* In marriage, someone who commits adultery is “unfaithful” to his or her spouse.
* God used the term “unfaithfulness” to describe Israel’s disobedient behavior. They were not obeying God or honoring him.
## Translation Suggestions
* Depending on the context, the term “faithless” could be translated as “unfaithful” or “unbelieving” or “disobedient to God” or “not believing.”
* The term “faithlessness” could be translated as “unbelief” or “unfaithfulness” or “rebellion against God.”
* The phrase “the unfaithful” could be translated as “people who are not faithful (to God)” or “unfaithful people” or “those who disobey God” or “people who rebel against God.”
* In some languages, the term “unfaithful” is related to the word for “unbelief.”
(See also: [How to Translate Names](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names))
(See also: [believe](../kt/believe.md), [faithful](../kt/faithful.md), [disobey](../other/disobey.md), [adultery](../kt/adultery.md))
## Bible References:
* [Ezekiel 43:6-8](rc://en/tn/help/ezk/43/06)
* [Ezra 9:1-2](rc://en/tn/help/ezr/09/01)
* [Jeremiah 2:19](rc://en/tn/help/jer/02/19)
* [Proverbs 2:22](rc://en/tn/help/pro/02/22)
* [Revelation 21:7-8](rc://en/tn/help/rev/21/07)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: G571

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# god, false god, goddess, idol, idolater, idolatrous, idolatry
## Definition:
A false god is something that people worship instead of the one true God. The term “goddess” refers specifically to a female false god.
* These false gods or goddesses do not exist. Yahweh is the only God.
* People sometimes make objects into idols to worship as symbols of their false gods.
* In the Bible, God’s people frequently turned away from obeying him in order to worship false gods.
* Demons often deceive people into believing that the false gods and idols they worship have power.
* Baal, Dagon, and Molech were three of the many false gods that were worshiped by people in Bible times.
* Asherah and Artemis (Diana) were two of the goddesses that ancient peoples worshiped.
An idol is an object that people make so they can worship it. Something is described as “idolatrous” if it involves giving honor to something other than the one true God.
* People make idols to represent the false gods that they worship.
* These false gods do not exist; there is no God besides Yahweh.
* Sometimes demons work through an idol to make it seem like it has power, even though it does not.
* Idols are often made of valuable materials like gold, silver, bronze, or expensive wood.
* An “idolatrous kingdom” means a “kingdom of people who worship idols” or a “kingdom of people who worship earthly things.”
* The term “idolatrous figure” is another word for a “carved image” or an “idol.”
## Translation Suggestions:
* There may already be a word for “god” or “false god” in the language or in a nearby language.
* The term “idol” could be used to refer to false gods.
* In English, a lower case “g” is used to refer to false gods, and upper case “G” is used to refer to the one true God. Other languages also do that.
* Another option would be to use a completely different word to refer to the false gods.
* Some languages may add a word to specify whether the false god is described as male or female.
(See also: [God](../kt/god.md), [Asherah](../names/asherim.md), [Baal](../names/baal.md), [Molech](../names/molech.md), [demon](../kt/demon.md), [image](../other/image.md), [kingdom](../other/kingdom.md), [worship](../kt/worship.md))
## Bible References:
* [Genesis 35:2](rc://en/tn/help/gen/35/02)
* [Exodus 32:1](rc://en/tn/help/exo/32/01)
* [Psalms 31:6](rc://en/tn/help/psa/031/06)
* [Psalms 81:8-10](rc://en/tn/help/psa/081/008)
* [Isaiah 44:20](rc://en/tn/help/isa/44/20)
* [Acts 7:41](rc://en/tn/help/act/07/41)
* [Acts 7:43](rc://en/tn/help/act/07/43)
* [Acts 15:20](rc://en/tn/help/act/15/20)
* [Acts 19:27](rc://en/tn/help/act/19/27)
* [Romans 2:22](rc://en/tn/help/rom/02/22)
* [Galatians 4:8-9](rc://en/tn/help/gal/04/08)
* [Galatians 5:19-21](rc://en/tn/help/gal/05/19)
* [Colossians 3:5](rc://en/tn/help/col/03/05)
* [1 Thessalonians 1:9](rc://en/tn/help/1th/01/09)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[10:2](rc://en/tn/help/obs/10/02)__ Through these plagues, God showed Pharaoh that he is more powerful than Pharaoh and all of Egypt’s __gods__.
* __[13:4](rc://en/tn/help/obs/13/04)__ Then God gave them the covenant and said, “I am Yahweh, your God, who saved you from slavery in Egypt. Do not worship other __gods__.”
* __[14:2](rc://en/tn/help/obs/14/02)__ They (Canaanites) worshiped false __gods__ and did many evil things.
* __[16:1](rc://en/tn/help/obs/16/01)__ The Israelites began to worship the Canaanite __gods__ instead of Yahweh, the true God.
* __[18:13](rc://en/tn/help/obs/18/13)__ But most of Judah’s kings were evil, corrupt, and they worshiped idols. Some of the kings even sacrificed their children to false __gods__.
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H205, H367, H410, H426, H430, H457, H1322, H1544, H1892, H2553, H3649, H4656, H4906, H5236, H5566, H6089, H6090, H6091, H6456, H6459, H6673, H6736, H6754, H7723, H8163, H8251, H8267, H8441, H8655, G1493, G1494, G1495, G1496, G1497, G2299, G2712

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# favor, favorable, favoritism
## Definition:
The term “favor” generally means approval. Someone who favors another person regards that person positively and approves of them.
* Jesus grew up “in favor with” God and men. This means that both God and others approved of his character and behavior.
* The expression “find favor” with someone means that someone is approved of by that person.
* When a king shows favor to someone, it often means that he approves of that person’s request and grants it.
* A “favor” can also be a gesture or action towards or for another person for their benefit.
* The term “favoritism” means an attitude of acting favorably toward some people but not others. It means the inclination to pick one person over another or one thing over another because the person or item is preferred. Generally, favoritism is considered unfair.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Other ways to translate the term “favor” could include “approval” or “blessing” or “benefit.”
* The “favorable year of Yahweh” could be translated as “the year (or time) when Yahweh will bring great blessing.”
* The term “favoritism” could be translated as “partiality” or “being prejudiced” or “unjust treatment.” This word is related to the word “favorite,” which means to prefer above all others.
## Bible References:
* [1 Samuel 2:25-26](rc://en/tn/help/1sa/02/25)
* [2 Chronicles 19:7](rc://en/tn/help/2ch/19/07)
* [2 Corinthians 1:11](rc://en/tn/help/2co/01/11)
* [Acts 24:27](rc://en/tn/help/act/24/27)
* [Genesis 41:16](rc://en/tn/help/gen/41/16)
* [Genesis 47:25](rc://en/tn/help/gen/47/25)
* [Genesis 50:5](rc://en/tn/help/gen/50/05)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H995, H1156, H1293, H1779, H1921, H2580, H2603, H2896, H5278, H5375, H5414, H5922, H6213, H6437, H6440, H7521, H7522, H7965, G1184, G3685, G4380, G4382, G5485, G5486

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# fear, afraid, frighten
## Definition:
The terms “fear” refers to the unpleasant emotion a person feels when experiencing a potential threat to their safety or well-being. In the Bible, however, the term “fear” can also mean an attitude of worship, respect, awe, or obedience toward another person, usually someone powerful such as God or a king.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Depending on the context, the term “fear” can be translated in various ways. Some possibilities include: “be afraid;” “deeply respect,” or “deep respect;” “revere,” or “reverence;” or perhaps “be in awe of.”
* The phrase “fear not” could also be translated as “do not be afraid” or “stop being afraid.”
* The sentence “The fear of God fell on all of them” might be translated in various ways. Some possibilities include: “Suddenly they all felt a deep awe and respect for God;” or “Immediately, they all felt very amazed and revered God deeply;” or “Right then, they all felt very afraid of God (because of his great power).”
(See also: [awe](../other/awe.md), [Yahweh](../kt/yahweh.md), [Lord](../kt/lord.md), [marvel](../other/amazed.md), [power](../kt/power.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 John 4:18](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/04/18)
* [Acts 2:43](rc://en/tn/help/act/02/43)
* [Acts 19:15-17](rc://en/tn/help/act/19/15)
* [Genesis 50:21](rc://en/tn/help/gen/50/21)
* [Isaiah 11:3-5](rc://en/tn/help/isa/11/03)
* [Job 6:14](rc://en/tn/help/job/06/14)
* [Jonah 1:9](rc://en/tn/help/jon/01/09)
* [Luke 12:5](rc://en/tn/help/luk/12/05)
* [Matthew 10:28](rc://en/tn/help/mat/10/28)
* [Proverbs 10:24-25](rc://en/tn/help/pro/10/24)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H367, H926, H1204, H1481, H1672, H1674, H1763, H2119, H2296, H2727, H2729, H2730, H2731, H2844, H2849, H2865, H3016, H3025, H3068, H3372, H3373, H3374, H4032, H4034, H4035, H4116, H4172, H6206, H6342, H6343, H6345, H6427, H7264, H7267, H7297, H7374, H7461, H7493, H8175, G870, G1167, G1168, G1169, G1630, G1719, G2124, G2125, G2962, G5398, G5399, G5400, G5401

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# fellowship
## Definition:
In general, the term “fellowship” refers to friendly interactions between members of a group of people who share similar interests and experiences.
* In the Bible, the term “fellowship” usually refers to the unity of believers in Christ.
* Christian fellowship is a shared relationship that believers have with one another through their relationship with Christ and the Holy Spirit.
* The early Christians expressed their fellowship through listening to the teaching of God’s Word and praying together, through the sharing of their belongings, and through eating meals together.
* Christians also have fellowship with God through their faith in Jesus and his sacrificial death on the cross which removed the barrier between God and people.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Ways to translate “fellowship” could include “a sharing together” or “relationship” or “companionship” or “Christian community.”
## Bible References:
* [1 John 1:3](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/01/03)
* [Acts 2:40-42](rc://en/tn/help/act/02/40)
* [Philippians 1:3-6](rc://en/tn/help/php/01/03)
* [Philippians 2:1](rc://en/tn/help/php/02/01)
* [Philippians 3:10](rc://en/tn/help/php/03/10)
* [Psalms 55:12-14](rc://en/tn/help/psa/055/012)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H2266, H8667, G2842, G2844, G3352, G4790

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# filled with the Holy Spirit
## Definition:
The term “filled with the Holy Spirit” is a figurative expression that, when used to describe a person means the Holy Spirit is empowering that person to do God’s will.
* The expression “filled with” is an expression that often means “controlled by.”
* People are “filled with the Holy Spirit” when they follow the Holy Spirit’s leading and completely rely on him to help them do what God wants.
## Translation Suggestions:
* This term could be translated as “empowered by the Holy Spirit” or “controlled by the Holy Spirit.” But it should not sound as though the Holy Spirit is forcing the person to do something.
* A sentence such as “he was filled with the Holy Spirit” could be translated as “he was living fully by the Spirit’s power” or “he was completely guided by the Holy Spirit” or “the Holy Spirit was guiding him completely.”
* This term is similar in meaning to the expression “live by the Spirit,” but “filled with the Holy Spirit” emphasizes the completeness with which a person allows the Holy Spirit to have control or influence over his life. So these two expressions should be translated differently, if possible.
(See also: [Holy Spirit](../kt/holyspirit.md))
## Bible References:
* [Acts 4:31](rc://en/tn/help/act/04/31)
* [Acts 5:17](rc://en/tn/help/act/05/17)
* [Acts 6:8-9](rc://en/tn/help/act/06/08)
* [Luke 1:15](rc://en/tn/help/luk/01/15)
* [Luke 1:39-41](rc://en/tn/help/luk/01/39)
* [Luke 4:1-2](rc://en/tn/help/luk/04/01)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: G40, G4130, G4137, G4151

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# flesh
## Definition:
In the Bible, the term “flesh” literally refers to the soft tissue of the physical body of a human being or animal.
* The Bible also uses the term “flesh” in a figurative way to refer to all human beings or all living creatures.
* In the New Testament, the term “flesh” is used to refer to the sinful nature of human beings. This is often used in contrast to their spiritual nature.
* The expression “own flesh and blood” refers to someone who is biologically related to another person, such as a parent, sibling, child, or grandchild.
* The expression “flesh and blood” can also refer to a person’s ancestors or descendants.
* The expression “one flesh” refers to the physical uniting of a man and woman in marriage.
## Translation Suggestions:
* In the context of an animal’s body, “flesh” could be translated as “body” or “skin” or “meat.”
* When it is used to refer generally to all living creatures, this term could be translated as “living beings” or “everything that is alive.”
* When referring in general to all people, this term could be translated as “people” or “human beings” or “everyone who lives.”
* The expression “flesh and blood” could also be translated as “relatives” or “family” or “kinfolk” or “family clan.” There may be contexts where it could be translated as “ancestors” or “descendants.”
* Some languages may have an expression that is similar in meaning to “flesh and blood.”
* The expression “become one flesh” could be translated as “unite sexually” or “become as one body” or “become like one person in body and spirit.” The translation of this expression should be checked to make sure it is acceptable in the project language and culture. (See: [euphemism](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism)). It should also be understood that this is figurative, and does not mean that a man and a woman who “become one flesh” literally become one person.
## Bible References:
* [1 John 2:16](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/02/16)
* [2 John 1:7](rc://en/tn/help/2jn/01/07)
* [Ephesians 6:12](rc://en/tn/help/eph/06/12)
* [Galatians 1:16](rc://en/tn/help/gal/01/16)
* [Genesis 2:24](rc://en/tn/help/gen/02/24)
* [John 1:14](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/01/14)
* [Matthew 16:17](rc://en/tn/help/mat/16/17)
* [Romans 8:8](rc://en/tn/help/rom/08/08)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H829, H1320, H1321, H2878, H3894, H4207, H7607, H7683, G2907, G4559, G4560, G4561

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# fool, foolish, folly
## Definition:
The term “fool” refers to a person who often makes wrong choices, especially choosing to disobey. The term “foolish” describes a person or behavior that is not wise.
* In the Bible, the term “fool” usually refers to a person who does not believe or obey God. This is often contrasted to the wise person, who trusts in God and obeys God.
* In the Psalms, David describes a fool as a person who does not believe in God, one who ignores all the evidence of God in his creation.
* The Old Testament book of Proverbs also gives many descriptions of what a fool, or foolish person, is like.
* The term “folly” refers to an action that is not wise because it is against God’s will. Often “folly” also includes the meaning of something that is ridiculous or dangerous.
## Translation Suggestions:
* The term “fool” could be translated as “foolish person” or “unwise person” or “senseless person” or “ungodly person.”
* Ways to translate “foolish” could include “lacking understanding” or “unwise” or “senseless.”
(See also: [wise](../kt/wise.md))
## Bible References:
* [Ecclesiastes 1:17](rc://en/tn/help/ecc/01/17)
* [Ephesians 5:15](rc://en/tn/help/eph/05/15)
* [Galatians 3:3](rc://en/tn/help/gal/03/03)
* [Genesis 31:28](rc://en/tn/help/gen/31/28)
* [Matthew 7:26](rc://en/tn/help/mat/07/26)
* [Matthew 25:8](rc://en/tn/help/mat/25/08)
* [Proverbs 13:16](rc://en/tn/help/pro/13/16)
* [Psalms 49:13](rc://en/tn/help/psa/049/13)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H191, H196, H200, H1198, H1984, H2973, H3684, H3687, H3688, H3689, H3690, H5014, H5034, H5036, H5039, H5528, H5529, H5530, H5531, H6612, H8417, H8602, H8604, G453, G454, G781, G801, G877, G878, G2757, G3150, G3154, G3471, G3472, G3473, G3474, G3912

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# forgive, forgiven, forgiveness, pardon, pardoned
## Definition:
To forgive someone means to not hold a grudge against that person even though they did something hurtful. “Forgiveness” is the act of forgiving someone.
* Forgiving someone often means not punishing that person for something he has done wrong.
* This term can be used figuratively to mean “cancel,” as in the expression “forgive a debt.”
* When people confess their sins, God forgives them based on Jesus’ sacrificial death on the cross.
* Jesus taught his disciples to forgive others as he has forgiven them.
The term “pardon” means to forgive and not punish someone for his sin.
* This word has the same meaning as “forgive” but may also include the meaning of a formal decision to not punish someone who is guilty.
* In a court of law, a judge can pardon a person found guilty of a crime.
* Even though we are guilty of sin, Jesus Christ pardoned us from being punished in hell, based on his sacrificial death on the cross.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Depending on the context, “forgive” could be translated as “pardon” or “cancel” or “release” or “not hold against” (someone).
* The term “forgiveness” could be translated by a word or phrase that means “practice of not resenting” or “declaring (someone) as not guilty” or “the act of pardoning.”
* If the language has a word for a formal decision to forgive, that word could be used to translate “pardon.”
(See also: [guilt](../kt/guilt.md))
## Bible References:
* [Genesis 50:17](rc://en/tn/help/gen/50/17)
* [Numbers 14:17-19](rc://en/tn/help/num/14/17)
* [Deuteronomy 29:20-21](rc://en/tn/help/deu/29/20)
* [Joshua 24:19-20](rc://en/tn/help/jos/24/19)
* [2 Kings 5:17-19](rc://en/tn/help/2ki/05/17)
* [Psalms 25:11](rc://en/tn/help/psa/025/11)
* [Psalms 25:17-19](rc://en/tn/help/psa/025/017)
* [Isaiah 55:6-7](rc://en/tn/help/isa/55/06)
* [Isaiah 40:2](rc://en/tn/help/isa/40/02)
* [Luke 5:21](rc://en/tn/help/luk/05/21)
* [Acts 8:22](rc://en/tn/help/act/08/22)
* [Ephesians 4:31-32](rc://en/tn/help/eph/04/31)
* [Colossians 3:12-14](rc://en/tn/help/col/03/12)
* [1 John 2:12](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/02/12)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[7:10](rc://en/tn/help/obs/07/10)__ But Esau had already __forgiven__ Jacob, and they were happy to see each other again.
* __[13:15](rc://en/tn/help/obs/13/15)__ Then Moses climbed the mountain again and prayed that God would __forgive__ the people. God listened to Moses and __forgave__ them.
* __[17:13](rc://en/tn/help/obs/17/13)__ David repented of his sin and God __forgave__ him.
* __[21:5](rc://en/tn/help/obs/21/05)__ In the New Covenant, God would write his law on the people’s hearts, the people would know God personally, they would be his people, and God would __forgive__ their sins.
* __[29:1](rc://en/tn/help/obs/29/01)__ One day Peter asked Jesus, “Master, how many times should I __forgive__ my brother when he sins against me?”
* __[29:8](rc://en/tn/help/obs/29/08)__ I __forgave__ your debt because you begged me.
* __[38:5](rc://en/tn/help/obs/38/05)__ Then Jesus took a cup and said, “Drink this. It is my blood of the New Covenant that is poured out for the __forgiveness__ of sins.”
## Word Data:
* H5546, H5547, H3722, H5375, H5545, H5547, H7521, G859, G863, G5483

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# fulfill, fulfilled, carried out
## Definition:
The term “fulfill” means to complete or accomplish something that was expected.
* When a prophecy is fulfilled, it means that God causes to happen what was predicted in the prophecy.
* If a person fulfills a promise or a vow, it means that he does what he has promised to do.
* To fulfill a responsibility means to do the task that was assigned or required.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Depending on the context, “fulfill” could be translated as “accomplish” or “complete” or “cause to happen” or “obey” or “perform.”
* The phrase “has been fulfilled” could also be translated as “has come true” or “has happened” or “has taken place.”
* Ways to translate “fulfill,” as in “fulfill your ministry,” could include “complete” or “perform” or “practice” or “serve other people as God has called you to do.”
(See also: [prophet](../kt/prophet.md), [Christ](../kt/christ.md), [minister](../kt/minister.md), [call](../kt/call.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Kings 2:27](rc://en/tn/help/1ki/02/27)
* [Acts 3:17-18](rc://en/tn/help/act/03/17)
* [Leviticus 22:17-19](rc://en/tn/help/lev/22/17)
* [Luke 4:21](rc://en/tn/help/luk/04/21)
* [Matthew 1:22-23](rc://en/tn/help/mat/01/22)
* [Matthew 5:17](rc://en/tn/help/mat/05/17)
* [Psalms 116:12-15](rc://en/tn/help/psa/116/012)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[24:4](rc://en/tn/help/obs/24/04)__ John __fulfilled__ what the prophets said, “See I send my messenger ahead of you, who will prepare your way.”
* __[40:3](rc://en/tn/help/obs/40/03)__ The soldiers gambled for Jesus’ clothing. When they did this, they __fulfilled__ a prophecy that said, “They divided my garments among them, and gambled for my clothing.”
* __[42:7](rc://en/tn/help/obs/42/07)__ Jesus said, “I told you that everything written about me in God’s word must be __fulfilled__.”
* __[43:5](rc://en/tn/help/obs/43/05)__ “This __fulfills__ the prophecy made by the prophet Joel in which God said, ‘In the last days, I will pour out my Spirit.’”
* __[43:7](rc://en/tn/help/obs/43/07)__ “This __fulfills__ the prophecy which says, ‘You will not let your Holy One rot in the grave.’”
* __[44:5](rc://en/tn/help/obs/44/05)__ “Although you did not understand what you were doing, God used your actions to __fulfill__ the prophecies that the Messiah would suffer and die.”
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1214, H5487, G1096, G4138

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# Gentile
## Facts:
The term “Gentile” refers to anyone who is not a Jew. Gentiles are people who are not descendants of Jacob.
* In the Bible, the term “uncircumcised” is also used figuratively to refer to Gentiles because many of them did not circumcise their male children as the Israelites did.
* Because God chose the Jews to be his special people, they thought of the Gentiles as outsiders who could never be God’s people.
* The Jews were also called “Israelites” or “Hebrews” at different times in history. They referred to anyone else as a “Gentile.”
* Gentile could also be translated as “not a Jew” or “non-Jewish” or “not an Israelite” (Old Testament) or “non-Jew.”.
* Traditionally, Jews would neither eat with nor associate with Gentiles, which at first caused problems within the early church.
(See also: [Israel](../kt/israel.md), [Jacob](../names/jacob.md), [Jew](../kt/jew.md))
## Bible References:
* [Acts 9:13-16](rc://en/tn/help/act/09/13)
* [Acts 14:5-7](rc://en/tn/help/act/14/05)
* [Galatians 2:16](rc://en/tn/help/gal/02/16)
* [Luke 2:32](rc://en/tn/help/luk/02/32)
* [Matthew 5:47](rc://en/tn/help/mat/05/47)
* [Matthew 6:5-7](rc://en/tn/help/mat/06/05)
* [Romans 11:25](rc://en/tn/help/rom/11/25)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1471, G1482, G1484, G1672

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# gift
## Definition:
The term “gift” refers to anything that is given or offered to someone. A gift is given without the expectation of getting anything in return
* Money, food, clothing, or other things given to poor people are called “gifts.”
* In the Bible, an offering or sacrifice given to God is also called a gift.
* The gift of salvation is something God gives us through faith in Jesus.
* In the New Testament, the term “gifts” is also used to refer to special spiritual abilities that God gives to all Christians for serving other people.
## Translation Suggestions:
* The general term for “gift” could be translated with a word or phrase that means “something that is given.”
* In the context of someone having a gift or special ability that comes from God, the term “gift from the Spirit” could be translated as “spiritual ability” or “special ability from the Holy Spirit” or “special spiritual skill that God gave.”
(See also: [spirit](../kt/spirit.md), [Holy Spirit](../kt/holyspirit.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Corinthians 12:1](rc://en/tn/help/1co/12/01)
* [2 Samuel 11:8](rc://en/tn/help/2sa/11/08)
* [Acts 8:20](rc://en/tn/help/act/08/20)
* [Acts 10:4](rc://en/tn/help/act/10/04)
* [Acts 11:17](rc://en/tn/help/act/11/17)
* [Acts 24:17](rc://en/tn/help/act/24/17)
* [James 1:17](rc://en/tn/help/jas/01/17)
* [John 4:9-10](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/04/09)
* [Matthew 5:23](rc://en/tn/help/mat/05/23)
* [Matthew 8:4](rc://en/tn/help/mat/08/4)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H814, H4503, H4864, H4976, H4978, H4979, H4991, H5078, H5083, H5379, H7810, H8641, G334, G1390, G1394, G1431, G1434, G1435, G3311, G5486

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# glory, glorious, glorify
## Definition:
The term “glory” is a general term for a family of concepts including value, worth, importance, honor, splendor, or majesty. The term “glorify” means to ascribe glory to someone or something, or to show or tell how glorious something or someone is.
* In the Bible, the term “glory” is especially used to describe God, who is more valuable, more worthy, more important, more honorable, more splendid, and more majestic than anyone or anything in the universe. Everything about his character reveals his glory.
* People can glorify God by telling about the wonderful things he has done. They can also glorify God by living in accordance with God’s character, because doing so shows to others his value, worth, importance, honor, splendor, and majesty.
* The expression to “glory in” means to boast about or take pride in something.
### Old Testament
* The specific phrase “the glory of Yahweh” in the Old Testament usually refers to some perceptible manifestation of Yahweh’s presence in a particular location.
### New Testament
* God the Father will glorify God the Son by revealing to all people the full extent of how glorious Jesus is.
* Everyone who believes in Christ will be glorified with him. This use of the term “glorify” carries a unique meaning. It means that when people who believe in Christ are raised to life, they will be changed physically to be like Jesus as he appeared after his resurrection.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Depending on the context, different ways to translate “glory” could include “splendor” or “majesty” or “awesome greatness” or “extreme value.”
* The term “glorious” could be translated as “full of glory” or “extremely valuable” or “brightly shining” or “awesomely majestic.”
* The expression “give glory to God” could be translated as “honor God’s greatness” or “praise God because of his splendor” or “tell others how great God is.”
* The expression “glory in” could also be translated as “praise” or “take pride in” or “boast about” or “take pleasure in.”
* “Glorify” could also be translated as “give glory to” or “bring glory to” or “cause to appear great.”
* The phrase “glorify God” could also be translated as “praise God” or “talk about God’s greatness” or “show how great God is” or “honor God (by obeying him).”
* The term “be glorified” could also be translated as “be shown to be very great” or “be praised” or “be exalted.”
(See also: [honor](../kt/honor.md), [majesty](../kt/majesty.md), [exalt](../kt/exalt.md), [obey](../other/obey.md), [praise](../other/praise.md))
## Bible References:
* [Exodus 24:17](rc://en/tn/help/exo/24/17)
* [Numbers 14:9-10](rc://en/tn/help/num/14/09)
* [Isaiah 35:2](rc://en/tn/help/isa/35/02)
* [Luke 18:43](rc://en/tn/help/luk/18/43)
* [Luke 2:9](rc://en/tn/help/luk/02/09)
* [John 12:28](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/12/28)
* [Acts 3:13-14](rc://en/tn/help/act/03/13)
* [Acts 7:1-3](rc://en/tn/help/act/07/01)
* [Romans 8:17](rc://en/tn/help/rom/08/17)
* [1 Corinthians 6:19-20](rc://en/tn/help/1co/06/19)
* [Philippians 2:14-16](rc://en/tn/help/php/02/14)
* [Philippians 4:19](rc://en/tn/help/php/04/19)
* [Colossians 3:1-4](rc://en/tn/help/col/03/01)
* [1 Thessalonians 2:5](rc://en/tn/help/1th/02/05)
* [James 2:1-4](rc://en/tn/help/jas/02/01)
* [1 Peter 4:15-16](rc://en/tn/help/1pe/04/15)
* [Revelation 15:4](rc://en/tn/help/rev/15/04)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[23:7](rc://en/tn/help/obs/23/07)__ Suddenly, the skies were filled with angels praising God, saying, “__Glory__ to God in heaven and peace on earth to the people he favors!”
* __[25:6](rc://en/tn/help/obs/25/06)__ Then Satan showed Jesus all the kingdoms of the world and all their __glory__ and said, “I will give you all this if you bow down and worship me.”
* __[37:1](rc://en/tn/help/obs/37/01)__ When Jesus heard this news, he said, “This sickness will not end in death, but it is for the __glory__ of God.”
* __[37:8](rc://en/tn/help/obs/37/08)__ Jesus responded, “Did I not tell you that you would see God’s __glory__ if you believe in me?”
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H117, H142, H155, H215, H1342, H1921, H1926, H1935, H1984, H3367, H3513, H3519, H3520, H6286, H6643, H7623, H8597, G1391, G1392, G1740, G1741, G2744, G4888

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# God
## Definition:
In the Bible, the term “God” refers to the eternal being who created the universe out of nothing. God exists as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. God’s personal name is “Yahweh.”
* God has always existed; he existed before anything else existed, and he will continue to exist forever.
* He is the only true God and has authority over everything in the universe.
* God is perfectly righteous, infinitely wise, holy, sinless, just, merciful, and loving.
* He is a covenant-keeping God, who always fulfills his promises.
* People were created to worship God and he is the only one they should worship.
* God revealed his name as “Yahweh,” which means “he is” or “I am” or “the One who (always) exists.”
* The Bible also teaches about false “gods,” which are nonliving idols that people wrongly worship.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Ways to translate “God” could include “Deity” or “Creator” or “Supreme Being” or “Supreme Creator” or “Infinite Sovereign Lord” or “Eternal Supreme Being.”
* Consider how God is referred to in a local or national language. There may also already be a word for “God” in the language being translated. If so, it is important to make sure that this word fits the characteristics of the one true God as described above.
* Many languages capitalize the first letter of the word for the one true God, to distinguish it from the word for a false god. Another way to make this distinction would be to use different terms for “God” and “god.” NOTE: In the biblical text, when a person who does not worship Yahweh speaks about Yahweh and uses the word “god,” it is acceptable to render the term without a capital letter in reference to Yahweh (see Jonah 1:6, 3:9).
* The phrase “I will be their God and they will be my people” could also be translated as “I, God, will rule over these people and they will worship me.”
(Translation suggestions: [How to Translate Names](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names))
(See also: [create](../other/creation.md), [false god](../kt/falsegod.md), [God the Father](../kt/godthefather.md), [Holy Spirit](../kt/holyspirit.md), [false god](../kt/falsegod.md), [Son of God](../kt/sonofgod.md), [Yahweh](../kt/yahweh.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 John 1:7](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/01/07)
* [1 Samuel 10:7-8](rc://en/tn/help/1sa/10/07)
* [1 Timothy 4:10](rc://en/tn/help/1ti/04/10)
* [Colossians 1:16](rc://en/tn/help/col/01/16)
* [Deuteronomy 29:14-16](rc://en/tn/help/deu/29/14)
* [Ezra 3:1-2](rc://en/tn/help/ezr/03/01)
* [Genesis 1:2](rc://en/tn/help/gen/01/02)
* [Hosea 4:11-12](rc://en/tn/help/hos/04/11)
* [Isaiah 36:6-7](rc://en/tn/help/isa/36/06)
* [James 2:20](rc://en/tn/help/jas/02/20)
* [Jeremiah 5:5](rc://en/tn/help/jer/05/05)
* [John 1:3](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/01/03)
* [Joshua 3:9-11](rc://en/tn/help/jos/03/09)
* [Lamentations 3:43](rc://en/tn/help/lam/03/43)
* [Micah 4:5](rc://en/tn/help/mic/04/05)
* [Philippians 2:6](rc://en/tn/help/php/02/06)
* [Proverbs 24:12](rc://en/tn/help/pro/24/12)
* [Psalms 47:9](rc://en/tn/help/psa/047/09)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[1:1](rc://en/tn/help/obs/01/01)__ __God__ created the universe and everything in it in six days.
* __[1:15](rc://en/tn/help/obs/01/15)__ __God__ made man and woman in his own image.
* __[5:3](rc://en/tn/help/obs/05/03)__ “I am __God__ Almighty. I will make a covenant with you.”
* __[9:14](rc://en/tn/help/obs/09/14)__ __God__ said, “I AM WHO I AM. Tell them, ‘I AM has sent me to you.’ Also tell them, ‘I am Yahweh, the __God__ of your ancestors Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. This is my name forever.’”
* __[10:2](rc://en/tn/help/obs/10/02)__ Through these plagues, __God__ showed Pharaoh that he is more powerful than Pharaoh and all of Egypt’s gods.
* __[16:1](rc://en/tn/help/obs/16/01)__ The Israelites began to worship the Canaanite gods instead of Yahweh, the true __God__.
* __[22:7](rc://en/tn/help/obs/22/07)__ “You, my son, will be called the prophet of the __Most High God__ who will prepare the people to receive the Messiah!”
* __[24:9](rc://en/tn/help/obs/24/09)__ There is only one __God__. But John heard __God__ the Father speak, and saw Jesus the Son and the Holy Spirit when he baptized Jesus.
* __[25:7](rc://en/tn/help/obs/25/07)__ “Worship only the Lord your __God__ and only serve him.”
* __[28:1](rc://en/tn/help/obs/28/01)__ “There is only one who is good, and that is __God__.”
* __[49:9](rc://en/tn/help/obs/49/09)__ But __God__ loved everyone in the world so much that he gave his only Son so that whoever believes in Jesus will not be punished for his sins, but will live with __God__ forever.
* __[50:16](rc://en/tn/help/obs/50/16)__ But some day __God__ will create a new heaven and a new earth that will be perfect.
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H136, H305, H410, H426, H430, H433, H2486, H2623, H3068, H3069, H3863, H4136, H6697, G112, G516, G932, G935, G1096, G1140, G2098, G2124, G2128, G2150, G2152, G2153, G2299, G2304, G2305, G2312, G2313, G2314, G2315, G2316, G2317, G2318, G2319, G2320, G3361, G3785, G4151, G5207, G5377, G5463, G5537, G5538

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# godly, godliness, ungodly, godless, ungodliness, godlessness
## Definition:
The term “godly” is used to describe a person who acts in a way that honors God and shows what God is like. “Godliness” is the character quality of honoring God by doing his will.
* A person who has godly character will show the fruits of the Holy Spirit, such as love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, and self control.
* The quality of godliness shows that a person has the Holy Spirit and is obeying him.
The terms “ungodly” and “godless” describe people who are in rebellion against God. Living in an evil way, without thought of God, is called “ungodliness” or “godlessness.”
* The meanings of these words are very similar. However, “godless” and “godlessness” may describe a more extreme condition in which people or nations do not even acknowledge God or his right to rule them.
* God pronounces judgment and wrath on ungodly people, on everyone who rejects him and his ways.
## Translation Suggestions:
* The phrase “the godly” could be translated as “godly people” or “people who obey God.” (See: [nominaladj](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj))
* The adjective “godly” could be translated as “obedient to God” or “righteous” or “pleasing to God.”
* The phrase “in a godly manner” could be translated as “in a way that obeys God” or “with actions and words that please God.”
* Ways to translate “godliness” could include “acting in a way that pleases God” or “obeying God” or “living in a righteous manner.”
* Depending on the context, the term “ungodly” could be translated as “displeasing to God” or “immoral” or “disobeying God.”
* The terms “godless” and “godlessness” literally mean that the people are “without God” or “having no thought of God” or “acting in a way that does not acknowledge God.”
* Other ways to translate “ungodliness” or “godlessness” could be “wickedness” or “evil” or “rebellion against God”.
(See also [evil](../kt/evil.md), [honor](../kt/honor.md), [obey](../other/obey.md), [righteous](../kt/righteous.md), [righteous](../kt/righteous.md))
## Bible References:
* [Job 27:10](rc://en/tn/help/job/27/10)
* [Proverbs 11:9](rc://en/tn/help/pro/11/09)
* [Acts 3:12](rc://en/tn/help/act/03/12)
* [1 Timothy 1:9-11](rc://en/tn/help/1ti/01/09)
* [1 Timothy 4:7](rc://en/tn/help/1ti/04/07)
* [2 Timothy 3:12](rc://en/tn/help/2ti/03/12)
* [Hebrews 12:14-17](rc://en/tn/help/heb/12/14)
* [Hebrews 11:7](rc://en/tn/help/heb/11/07)
* [1 Peter 4:18](rc://en/tn/help/1pe/04/18)
* [Jude 1:16](rc://en/tn/help/jud/01/16)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H0430, H1100, H2623, H5760, H7563, G0516, G0763, G0764, G0765, G2124, G2150, G2152, G2153, G2316, G2317

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# God the Father, heavenly Father, Father
## Facts:
The terms “God the Father” and “heavenly Father” refer to Yahweh, the one true God. Another term with the same meaning is “Father,” used most often when Jesus was referring to him.
* God exists as God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. Each one is fully God, and yet they are only one God. This is a mystery that mere humans cannot fully understand.
* God the Father sent God the Son (Jesus) into the world and he sends the Holy Spirit to his people.
* Anyone who believes in God the Son becomes a child of God the Father, and God the Holy Spirit comes to live in that person. This is another mystery that human beings cannot fully understand.
## Translation Suggestions:
* In translating the phrase “God the Father,” it is best to translate “Father” with the same word that the language naturally uses to refer to a human father.
* The term “heavenly Father” could be translated by “Father who lives in heaven” or “Father God who lives in heaven” or “God our Father from heaven.”
* Usually “Father” is capitalized when it, refers to God.
(Translation suggestions: [How to Translate Names](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names))
(See also: [ancestor](../other/father.md), [God](../kt/god.md), [heaven](../kt/heaven.md), [Holy Spirit](../kt/holyspirit.md), [Jesus](../kt/jesus.md), [Son of God](../kt/sonofgod.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Corinthians 8:4-6](rc://en/tn/help/1co/08/04)
* [1 John 2:1](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/02/01)
* [1 John 2:23](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/02/23)
* [1 John 3:1](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/03/01)
* [Colossians 1:1-3](rc://en/tn/help/col/01/01)
* [Ephesians 5:18-21](rc://en/tn/help/eph/05/18)
* [Luke 10:22](rc://en/tn/help/luk/10/22)
* [Matthew 5:16](rc://en/tn/help/mat/05/16)
* [Matthew 23:9](rc://en/tn/help/mat/23/09)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[24:9](rc://en/tn/help/obs/24/09)__ There is only one God. But John heard __God the Father__ speak, and saw Jesus the Son and the Holy Spirit when he baptized Jesus.
* __[29:9](rc://en/tn/help/obs/29/09)__ Then Jesus said, “This is what my __heavenly Father__ will do to every one of you if you do not forgive your brother from your heart.”
* __[37:9](rc://en/tn/help/obs/37/09)__ Then Jesus looked up to heaven and said, “__Father__, thank you for hearing me.”
* __[40:7](rc://en/tn/help/obs/40/07)__ Then Jesus cried out, “It is finished! __Father__, I give my spirit into your hands.”
* __[42:10](rc://en/tn/help/obs/42/10)__ “So go, make disciples of all people groups by baptizing them in the name of __the Father__, the Son, and the Holy Spirit and by teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you.”
* __[43:8](rc://en/tn/help/obs/43/08)__ “Jesus is now exalted to the right hand of __God the Father__.”
* __[50:10](rc://en/tn/help/obs/50/10)__ “Then the righteous ones will shine like the sun in the kingdom of __God their Father__.”
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1, H2, G3962

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# good, right, pleasant, better, best
## Definition:
The term “good” generally refers to a positive evaulation of the quality of something or someone, often in a moral or emotional sense. However, the term conveys various nuances throughout the Bible depending on the context.
* Something that is “good” could be emotionally pleasant, morally right, excellent, helpful, suitable, or profitable.
* In the Bible, the general meaning of “good” is often contrasted with “evil.”
## Translation Suggestions:
* The general term for “good” in the target language should be used wherever this general meaning is accurate and natural, especially in contexts where it is contrasted to evil.
* Depending on the context, other ways to translate this term could include “kind” or “excellent” or “pleasing to God” or “righteous” or “morally upright” or “profitable.”
* “Good land” could be translated as “fertile land” or “productive land”; a “good crop” could be translated as a “plentiful harvest” or “large amount of crops.”
* The phrase “do good to” means to do something that benefits others and could be translated as “be kind to” or “help” or “benefit” someone or “cause someone to prosper.”
* To “do good on the Sabbath” means to “do things that help others on the Sabbath.”
* Depending on the context, ways to translate the term “goodness” could include “blessing” or “kindness” or “moral perfection” or “righteousness” or “purity.”
(See also: [righteous](../kt/righteous.md), [prosper](../other/prosper.md), [evil](../kt/evil.md))
## Bible References:
* [Galatians 5:22-24](rc://en/tn/help/gal/05/22)
* [Genesis 1:12](rc://en/tn/help/gen/01/12)
* [Genesis 2:9](rc://en/tn/help/gen/02/09)
* [Genesis 2:17](rc://en/tn/help/gen/02/17)
* [James 3:13](rc://en/tn/help/jas/03/13)
* [Romans 2:4](rc://en/tn/help/rom/02/04)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[1:4](rc://en/tn/help/obs/01/04)__ God saw that what he had created was __good__.
* __[1:11](rc://en/tn/help/obs/01/11)__ God planted the tree of the knowledge of __good__ and evil.
* __[1:12](rc://en/tn/help/obs/01/12)__ Then God said, “It is not __good__ for man to be alone.”
* __[2:4](rc://en/tn/help/obs/02/04)__ “God just knows that as soon as you eat it, you will be like God and will understand __good__ and evil like he does.”
* __[8:12](rc://en/tn/help/obs/08/12)__ “You tried to do evil when you sold me as a slave, but God used the evil for __good__!”
* __[14:15](rc://en/tn/help/obs/14/15)__ Joshua was a __good__ leader because he trusted and obeyed God.
* __[18:13](rc://en/tn/help/obs/18/13)__ Some of these kings were __good__ men who ruled justly and worshiped God.
* __[28:1](rc://en/tn/help/obs/28/01)__ “__Good__ teacher, what must I do to have eternal life?” Jesus said to him, “Why do you call me ‘__good__?’ There is only one who is __good__, and that is God.”
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H117, H145, H155, H202, H239, H410, H1580, H1926, H1935, H2532, H2617, H2623, H2869, H2895, H2896, H2898, H3190, H3191, H3276, H3474, H3788, H3966, H4261, H4399, H5232, H5750, H6287, H6643, H6743, H7075, H7368, H7399, H7443, H7999, H8231, H8232, H8233, H8389, H8458, G14, G15, G18, G19, G515, G744, G865, G979, G1380, G2095, G2097, G2106, G2107, G2108, G2109, G2114, G2115, G2133, G2140, G2162, G2163, G2174, G2293, G2565, G2567, G2570, G2573, G2887, G2986, G3140, G3617, G3776, G4147, G4632, G4674, G4851, G5223, G5224, G5358, G5542, G5543, G5544

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# good news, gospel
## Definition:
The term “gospel” literally means “good news” and refers to a message or announcement that tells people something that benefits them and makes them glad.
* In the Bible, this term usually refers to the message about God’s salvation for people through Jesus’ sacrifice on the cross.
* In most English Bibles, “good news” is usually translated as “gospel” and is also used in phrases such as, the “gospel of Jesus Christ,” the “gospel of God” and the “gospel of the kingdom.”
## Translation Suggestions:
* Different ways to translate this term could include, “good message” or “good announcement” or “God’s message of salvation” or “the good things God teaches about Jesus.”
* Depending on the context, ways to translate the phrase, “good news of” could include, “good news/message about” or “good message from” or “the good things God tells us about” or “what God says about how he saves people.”
(See also: [kingdom](../other/kingdom.md), [sacrifice](../other/sacrifice.md), [save](../kt/save.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Thessalonians 1:5](rc://en/tn/help/1th/01/05)
* [Acts 8:25](rc://en/tn/help/act/08/25)
* [Colossians 1:23](rc://en/tn/help/col/01/23)
* [Galatians 1:6](rc://en/tn/help/gal/01/06)
* [Luke 8:1-3](rc://en/tn/help/luk/08/01)
* [Mark 1:14](rc://en/tn/help/mrk/01/14)
* [Philippians 2:22](rc://en/tn/help/php/02/22)
* [Romans 1:3](rc://en/tn/help/rom/01/03)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[23:6](rc://en/tn/help/obs/23/06)__ The angel said, “Do not be afraid, because I have some __good news__ for you. The Messiah, the Master, has been born in Bethlehem!”
* __[26:3](rc://en/tn/help/obs/26/03)__ Jesus read, “God has given me his Spirit so that I can proclaim __good news__ to the poor, freedom to captives, recovery of sight for the blind, and release to the oppressed. This is the year of the Lord’s favor.”
* __[45:10](rc://en/tn/help/obs/45/10)__ Philip also used other Scriptures to tell him the __good news of Jesus__.
* __[46:10](rc://en/tn/help/obs/46/10)__ Then they sent them off to preach the __good news about Jesus__ in many other places.
* __[47:1](rc://en/tn/help/obs/47/01)__ One day, Paul and his friend Silas went to the town of Philippi to proclaim the __good news about Jesus__.
* __[47:13](rc://en/tn/help/obs/47/13)__ The __good news about Jesus__ kept spreading, and the Church kept growing.
* __[50:1](rc://en/tn/help/obs/50/01)__ For almost 2,000 years, more and more people around the world have been hearing the __good news about Jesus__ the Messiah.
* __[50:2](rc://en/tn/help/obs/50/02)__ When Jesus was living on earth he said, “My disciples will preach the __good news__ about the kingdom of God to people everywhere in the world, and then the end will come.”
* __[50:3](rc://en/tn/help/obs/50/03)__ Before he returned to heaven, Jesus told Christians to proclaim the __good news__ to people who have never heard it.
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: G2097, G2098, G4283

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# grace, gracious
## Definition:
The word “grace” refers to help or blessing that is given to someone who has not earned it. The term “gracious” describes someone who shows grace to others.
* God’s grace toward sinful human beings is a gift that is freely given.
* The concept of grace also refers to being kind and forgiving to someone who has done wrong or hurtful things.
* The expression to “find grace” is an expression that means to receive help and mercy from God. Often it includes the meaning that God is pleased with someone and helps him.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Other ways that “grace” could be translated include “divine kindness” or “God’s favor” or “God’s kindness and forgiveness for sinners” or “merciful kindness.”
* The term “gracious” could be translated as “full of grace” or “kind” or “merciful” or “mercifully kind.”
* The expression “he found grace in the eyes of God” could be translated as “he received mercy from God” or “God mercifully helped him” or “God showed his favor to him” or “God was pleased with him and helped him.”
## Bible References:
* [Acts 4:33](rc://en/tn/help/act/04/33)
* [Acts 6:8](rc://en/tn/help/act/06/08)
* [Acts 14:4](rc://en/tn/help/act/14/04)
* [Colossians 4:6](rc://en/tn/help/col/04/06)
* [Colossians 4:18](rc://en/tn/help/col/04/18)
* [Genesis 43:28-29](rc://en/tn/help/gen/43/28)
* [James 4:7](rc://en/tn/help/jas/04/07)
* [John 1:16](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/01/16)
* [Philippians 4:21-23](rc://en/tn/help/php/04/21)
* [Revelation 22:20-21](rc://en/tn/help/rev/22/20)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H2580, H2587, H2589, H2603, H8467, G2143, G5485, G5543

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# guilt, guilty
## Definition:
The term “guilt” refers to the fact of having sinned or committed a crime.
* To “be guilty” means to have done something morally wrong, that is, to have disobeyed God.
* The opposite of “guilty” is “innocent.”
## Translation Suggestions:
* Some languages might translate “guilt” as “the weight of sin” or “the counting of sins.”
* Ways to translate to “be guilty” could include a word or phrase that means, to “be at fault” or “having done something morally wrong” or “having committed a sin.”
(See also: [innocent](../kt/innocent.md), [iniquity](../kt/iniquity.md), [punish](../other/punish.md), [sin](../kt/sin.md))
## Bible References:
* [Exodus 28:36-38](rc://en/tn/help/exo/28/36)
* [Isaiah 6:7](rc://en/tn/help/isa/06/07)
* [James 2:10-11](rc://en/tn/help/jas/02/10)
* [John 19:4](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/19/04)
* [Jonah 1:14](rc://en/tn/help/jon/01/14)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[39:2](rc://en/tn/help/obs/39/02)__ They brought many witnesses who lied about him (Jesus). However, their statements did not agree with each other, so the Jewish leaders could not prove he was __guilty__ of anything.
* __[39:11](rc://en/tn/help/obs/39/11)__ After speaking with Jesus, Pilate went out to the crowd and said, “I find no __guilt__ in this man.” But the Jewish leaders and the crowd shouted, “Crucify him!” Pilate replied, “He is not __guilty__.” But they shouted even louder. Then Pilate said a third time, “He is not __guilty__!”
* __[40:4](rc://en/tn/help/obs/40/04)__ Jesus was crucified between two robbers. One of them mocked Jesus, but the other said, “Don’t you fear God? We are __guilty__, but this man is innocent.”
* __[49:10](rc://en/tn/help/obs/49/10)__ Because of your sin, you are __guilty__ and deserve to die.
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H0816, H0817, H0818, H5352, H5355, H7563, G0338, G1777, G3784, G5267

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# Hades, Sheol
## Definition:
The terms “Hades” (in Greek) and “Sheol” (in Hebrew) are proper names for the “underworld,” meaning an underground dwelling place where people from ancient cultures believed a dead person would go after he had died.
* In the Old Testament, the Hebrew term “Sheol” can be used either as a proper name or as a common noun meaning “underground.”
* In the New Testament, the Greek term “Hades” is described as a place for dead people who have rejected Jesus. The New Testament describes people as “going down” to Hades.
## Translation Suggestions
* The Old Testament term “Sheol” can be translated in various ways, depending on the context. Some possibilities include: “place of the dead;” “place for dead spirits;” “the pit;” or “death.”
* The New Testament term “Hades” can also be translated in various ways, depending on the context. Some possibilities include: “place for unbelieving dead souls;” “place of torment for the dead;” or “place for the souls of unbelieving dead people.”
* Some translations keep the proper names “Sheol” and “Hades,” spelling them to fit the sound patterns of the language of translation. (See: [How to Translate Unknowns](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown)).
* A phrase could also be added to each term to explain it, examples of doing this are, “Sheol, place where dead people are” and “Hades, place of death.”
(Translation suggestions: [How to Translate Unknowns](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown))
(See also: [death](../other/death.md), [heaven](../kt/heaven.md), [hell](../kt/hell.md), [tomb](../other/tomb.md))
## Bible References:
* [Acts 2:31](rc://en/tn/help/act/02/31)
* [Genesis 44:29](rc://en/tn/help/gen/44/29)
* [Jonah 2:2](rc://en/tn/help/jon/02/02)
* [Luke 10:15](rc://en/tn/help/luk/10/15)
* [Luke 16:23](rc://en/tn/help/luk/16/23)
* [Matthew 11:23](rc://en/tn/help/mat/11/23)
* [Matthew 16:18](rc://en/tn/help/mat/16/18)
* [Revelation 1:18](rc://en/tn/help/rev/01/18)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H7585, G86

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# heart
## Definition:
The term “heart” refers to the internal bodily organ that pumps blood throughout the body in people and animals. However, in the Bible the term “heart” is often used figuratively to refer to a person’s thoughts, emotions, desires, or will.
* To have a “hard heart” is a common expression that means a person stubbornly refuses to obey God.
* The expressions “with all my heart” or “with my whole heart” mean to do something with complete sincerity, commitment, or willingness, holding nothing back.
* The expression “take it to heart” means to treat something seriously and apply it to one’s life.
* The term “brokenhearted” describes a person who is very sad. That person has been deeply hurt emotionally.
## Translation Suggestions
* Some languages use a different body part such as “stomach” or “liver” to refer to these ideas.
* Other languages may use one word to express some of these concepts and another word to express others.
* If “heart” or other body part does not have this meaning, some languages may need to express this literally with terms such as “thoughts” or “emotions” or “desires.”
* Depending on the context, “with all my heart” or “with my whole heart” could be translated as “with all my energy” or “with complete dedication” or “completely” or “with total commitment.”
* The expression “take it to heart” could be translated as “treat it seriously” or “carefully think about it.”
* The expression “hard-hearted” could also be translated as “stubbornly rebellious” or “refusing to obey” or “continually disobeying God.”
* Ways to translate “brokenhearted” could include “very sad” or “feeling deeply hurt.”
(See also: [hard](../other/hard.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 John 3:17](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/03/17)
* [1 Thessalonians 2:4](rc://en/tn/help/1th/02/04)
* [2 Thessalonians 3:13-15](rc://en/tn/help/2th/03/13)
* [Acts 8:22](rc://en/tn/help/act/08/22)
* [Acts 15:9](rc://en/tn/help/act/15/09)
* [Luke 8:15](rc://en/tn/help/luk/08/15)
* [Mark 2:6](rc://en/tn/help/mrk/02/06)
* [Matthew 5:8](rc://en/tn/help/mat/05/08)
* [Matthew 22:37](rc://en/tn/help/mat/22/37)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1079, H2436, H2504, H2910, H3519, H3629, H3820, H3821, H3823, H3824, H3825, H3826, H4578, H5315, H5640, H7130, H7307, H7356, H7907, G674, G1282, G1271, G2133, G2588, G2589, G4641, G4698, G5590

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# heaven, sky, heavens, heavenly
## Definition:
The term that is translated as “heaven” usually refers to where God lives. The same word can also mean “sky,” depending on the context.
* The term “heavens” refers to everything we see above the earth, including the sun, moon, and stars. It also includes the heavenly bodies, such as far-off planets, that we can’t directly see from the earth.
* The term “sky” refers to the blue expanse above the earth that has clouds and the air we breathe. Often the sun and moon are also said to be “up in the sky.”
* In some contexts in the Bible, the word “heaven” could refer to either the sky or the place where God lives.
## Translation Suggestions:
* For “kingdom of heaven” in the book of Matthew, it is best to keep the word “heaven” since this is distinctive to Matthew’s gospel.
* The terms “heavens” or “heavenly bodies” could also be translated as “sun, moon, and stars” or “all the stars in the universe.”
* The phrase, “stars of heaven” could be translated as “stars in the sky” or “stars in the galaxy” or “stars in the universe.”
(See also: [kingdom of God](../kt/kingdomofgod.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Kings 8:22-24](rc://en/tn/help/1ki/08/22)
* [1 Thessalonians 1:8-10](rc://en/tn/help/1th/01/08)
* [1 Thessalonians 4:17](rc://en/tn/help/1th/04/17)
* [Deuteronomy 9:1](rc://en/tn/help/deu/09/01)
* [Ephesians 6:9](rc://en/tn/help/eph/06/9)
* [Genesis 1:1](rc://en/tn/help/gen/01/01)
* [Genesis 7:11](rc://en/tn/help/gen/07/11)
* [John 3:12](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/03/12)
* [John 3:27](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/03/27)
* [Matthew 5:18](rc://en/tn/help/mat/05/18)
* [Matthew 5:46-48](rc://en/tn/help/mat/05/46)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[4:2](rc://en/tn/help/obs/04/02)__ They even began building a tall tower to reach __heaven__.
* __[14:11](rc://en/tn/help/obs/14/11)__ He (God) gave them bread from __heaven__, called “manna.”
* __[23:7](rc://en/tn/help/obs/23/07)__ Suddenly, the skies were filled with angels praising God, saying, “Glory to God in __heaven__ and peace on earth to the people he favors!”
* __[29:9](rc://en/tn/help/obs/29/09)__ Then Jesus said, “This is what my __heavenly__ Father will do to every one of you if you do not forgive your brother from your heart.”
* __[37:9](rc://en/tn/help/obs/37/09)__ Then Jesus looked up to __heaven__ and said, “Father, thank you for hearing me.”
* __[42:11](rc://en/tn/help/obs/42/11)__ Then Jesus went up to __heaven__, and a cloud hid him from their sight.
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1534, H6160, H6183, H7834, H8064, H8065, G932, G2032, G3321, G3770, G3771, G3772

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# Hebrew
## Facts:
The term “Hebrew” refers in a very general sense to the people group descended from Abraham through the line of Isaac and Jacob.
* The specific word “Hebrew” can refer either to a individual person in the people group or to the language spoken by that people group.
* The vast majority of the Old Testament was written in the language called “Hebrew.” However, in most cases in the New Testament, the specific term “Hebrew” probably refers to the Aramaic language rather than the Hebrew language.
* In different places in the Bible, the Hebrews were also called “Israelites” or “Jews.” When translating, it is best to keep all three terms distinct in the text, as long as it is clear that these terms refer to the same people group.
(Translation suggestions: [How to Translate Names](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names))
(See also: [Israel](../kt/israel.md), [Jew](../kt/jew.md), [Jewish leaders](../other/jewishleaders.md))
## Bible References:
* [Acts 26:12-14](rc://en/tn/help/act/26/12)
* [Genesis 39:13-15](rc://en/tn/help/gen/39/13)
* [Genesis 40:15](rc://en/tn/help/gen/40/15)
* [Genesis 41:12-13](rc://en/tn/help/gen/41/12)
* [John 5:1-4](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/05/01)
* [John 19:13](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/19/13)
* [Jonah 1:8-10](rc://en/tn/help/jon/01/08)
* [Philippians 3:5](rc://en/tn/help/php/03/05)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H5680, G1444, G1445, G1446, G1447

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# hell, lake of fire
## Definition:
Hell is the final place of unending pain and suffering where God will punish everyone who rebels against him and rejects his plan of saving them through Jesus’ sacrifice. It is also referred to as the “lake of fire.”
* Hell is described as a place of fire and severe suffering.
* Satan and the evil spirits who follow him will be thrown into hell for eternal punishment.
* People who do not believe in Jesus’ sacrifice for their sin and do not trust in him to save them, will be punished forever in hell.
## Translation Suggestions:
* These terms should probably be translated differently since they occur in different contexts.
* Some languages cannot use “lake” in the phrase “lake of fire” because it refers to water.
* The term “hell” could be translated as “place of suffering” or “final place of darkness and pain.”
* The term “lake of fire” could also be translated as “sea of fire” or “huge fire (of suffering)” or “field of fire.”
(See also: [heaven](../kt/heaven.md), [death](../other/death.md), [Hades](../kt/hades.md), [abyss](../other/abyss.md))
## Bible References:
* [James 3:6](rc://en/tn/help/jas/03/06)
* [Luke 12:5](rc://en/tn/help/luk/12/05)
* [Mark 9:42-44](rc://en/tn/help/mrk/09/42)
* [Matthew 5:21-22](rc://en/tn/help/mat/05/21)
* [Matthew 5:29](rc://en/tn/help/mat/05/29)
* [Matthew 10:28-31](rc://en/tn/help/mat/10/28)
* [Matthew 23:33](rc://en/tn/help/mat/23/33)
* [Matthew 25:41-43](rc://en/tn/help/mat/25/41)
* [Revelation 20:15](rc://en/tn/help/rev/20/15)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[50:14](rc://en/tn/help/obs/50/14)__ He (God) will throw them into __hell__, where they will weep and grind their teeth in anguish forever. A fire that never goes out will continually burn them, and worms will never stop eating them.
* __[50:15](rc://en/tn/help/obs/50/15)__ He will throw Satan into __hell__ where he will burn forever, along with everyone who chose to follow him rather than to obey God.
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H7585, G86, G439, G440, G1067, G3041, G4442, G4443, G4447, G4448, G5020, G5394, G5457

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# high priest, chief priests
## Definition:
The term “high priest” refers to a special priest who was appointed to serve for one year as the leader of all of the other Israelite priests. In New Testament times, some other priests were also considered very important Jewish religious leaders, with authority over other priests and the people. These were the chief priests.
* The high priest had special responsibilities. He was the only one who was permitted to go into the most holy part of the tabernacle or the temple to offer a special sacrifice once per year.
* The Israelites had many priests, but only one high priest at a time.
* After high priests retired, they still kept the title, along with some of the responsibilities of the office. For example, Annas was still referred to as high priest during the priesthood of Caiaphas and others.
* The chief priests were responsible for everything needed for the worship services at the temple. They were also in charge of the money that was given to the temple.
* The chief priests were higher in rank and power than the ordinary priests. Only the high priest had more authority.
* The chief priests were some of Jesus’ main enemies and they strongly influenced the Roman leaders to arrest and kill him.
## Translation Suggestions:
* “High priest” could be translated as “supreme priest” or “highest ranking priest.”
* The term “chief priests” could be translated as “head priests” or “leading priests” or “ruling priests.”
(See also: [Annas](../names/annas.md), [Caiaphas](../names/caiaphas.md), [priest](../kt/priest.md), [temple](../kt/temple.md))
## Bible References:
* [Acts 5:27](rc://en/tn/help/act/05/27)
* [Acts 7:1](rc://en/tn/help/act/07/01)
* [Acts 9:1](rc://en/tn/help/act/09/01)
* [Exodus 30:10](rc://en/tn/help/exo/30/10)
* [Hebrews 6:19-20](rc://en/tn/help/heb/06/19)
* [Leviticus 16:32](rc://en/tn/help/lev/16/32)
* [Luke 3:2](rc://en/tn/help/luk/03/02)
* [Mark 2:25-26](rc://en/tn/help/mrk/02/25)
* [Matthew 26:3-5](rc://en/tn/help/mat/26/03)
* [Matthew 26:51-54](rc://en/tn/help/mat/26/51)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[13:8](rc://en/tn/help/obs/13/08)__ No one could enter the room behind the curtain except the __high priest__, because God lived there.
* __[21:7](rc://en/tn/help/obs/21/07)__ The Messiah who would come would be the perfect __high priest__ who would offer himself as a perfect sacrifice to God.
* __[38:3](rc://en/tn/help/obs/38/03)__ The Jewish leaders, led by the __high priest__, paid Judas thirty silver coins to betray Jesus.
* __[39:1](rc://en/tn/help/obs/39/01)__ The soldiers led Jesus to the house of the __high priest__ in order for the __high priest__ to question him.
* __[39:3](rc://en/tn/help/obs/39/03)__ Finally, the __high priest__ looked directly at Jesus and said, “Tell us, are you the Messiah, the Son of the living God?”
* __[44:7](rc://en/tn/help/obs/44/07)__ The next day, the Jewish leaders brought Peter and John to the __high priest__ and the other religious leaders.
* __[45:2](rc://en/tn/help/obs/45/02)__ So the religious leaders arrested Stephen and brought him to the __high priest__ and the other leaders of the Jews, where more false witnesses lied about Stephen.
* __[46:1](rc://en/tn/help/obs/46/01)__ The __high priest__ gave Saul permission to go to the city of Damascus to arrest Christians there and bring them back to Jerusalem.
* __[48:6](rc://en/tn/help/obs/48/06)__ Jesus is the Great __High Priest__. Unlike other priests, he offered himself as the only sacrifice that could to take away the sin of all the people in the world. Jesus was the perfect __high priest__ because he took the punishment for every sin that anyone has ever committed.
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H7218, H1419, H3548, G748, G749

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