From 0bfc11856bb689b834ee9f4bfc5a0288dd2d6635 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Robert Hunt Date: Tue, 5 Oct 2021 03:43:02 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Convert from markdown to TSV (#107) Co-authored-by: Robert Hunt Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_obs-tn/pulls/107 Co-authored-by: Robert Hunt Co-committed-by: Robert Hunt --- LICENSE.md | 4 +- README.md | 2 +- content/01/00.md | 3 - content/01/01.md | 31 - content/01/02.md | 23 - content/01/03.md | 11 - content/01/04.md | 15 - content/01/05.md | 23 - content/01/06.md | 19 - content/01/07.md | 23 - content/01/08.md | 31 - content/01/09.md | 23 - content/01/10.md | 31 - content/01/11.md | 27 - content/01/12.md | 11 - content/01/13.md | 15 - content/01/14.md | 23 - content/01/15.md | 15 - content/01/16.md | 23 - content/02/00.md | 3 - content/02/01.md | 11 - content/02/02.md | 23 - content/02/03.md | 19 - content/02/04.md | 19 - content/02/05.md | 7 - content/02/06.md | 11 - content/02/07.md | 19 - content/02/08.md | 27 - 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To view a copy of this license, visit [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA. +This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA). To view a copy of this license, visit [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA. unfoldingWord® is a registered trademark of unfoldingWord. Use of the unfoldingWord name or logo requires the written permission of unfoldingWord. Under the terms of the CC BY-SA license, you may copy and redistribute this unmodified work as long as you keep the unfoldingWord® trademark intact. If you modify a copy or translate this work, thereby creating a derivative work, you must remove the unfoldingWord® trademark. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 0653e52..be80872 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ unfoldingWord® Open Bible Stories Translation Notes provides translators with exegetical information for each story and frame of [unfoldingWord® Open Bible Stories](https://www.openbiblestories.org/). By providing historical, cultural, and linguistic information, together with interlinked information pertaining to key terms and translation theory, translators are equipped to translate and check their translations with excellence. -This resource was developed by unfoldingWord® and the [Door43 World Missions Community](https://door43.org). The entire project is made available under a [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0), see the [LICENSE](https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_obs-tn/src/master/LICENSE.md) file for more information. +This resource was developed by unfoldingWord® and the [Door43 World Missions Community](https://door43.org). The entire project is made available under a [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0), see the [LICENSE](https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_obs-tn/src/master/LICENSE.md) file for more information. Please use the [issue queue](https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_obs-tn/issues) to provide feedback or suggestions for improvement. diff --git a/content/01/00.md b/content/01/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index 033598f..0000000 --- a/content/01/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# The Creation - -This title can also be translated as: “About how God made the world” or “How did God make the world?” diff --git a/content/01/01.md b/content/01/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 083c706..0000000 --- a/content/01/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,31 +0,0 @@ -# the beginning - -This could mean ‘the beginning of all things,’ before anything existed except God. - -# created - -This term here means that God made it from nothing. - -# the universe - -This includes everything that God created on the earth and in the heavens, both visible and invisible things. - -# the earth - -The word **earth** refers to the whole world that people live on. - -# dark - -It was completely dark. There was no light at all, since God had not yet created light. - -# empty - -God had not yet created anything except for the bare earth covered by water. - -# he had not yet formed anything in it - -There were no distinguishing features–just water covering everything. - -# God’s Spirit - -The Spirit of God, sometimes called the Holy Spirit, was present in the beginning, moving freely over the earth in order to create all that he had planned to do. diff --git a/content/01/02.md b/content/01/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8451ea3..0000000 --- a/content/01/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# God said - -God created light by means of a simple verbal command. - -# Then God said, “Let there be light!” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Then God said that there should be light.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# Let there be light! - -The result of this command happened immediately because it was spoken by God. It may be more natural to translate this as a statement of certainty that this would definitely happen. For example, you could translate this as: “There shall be light.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) - -# light - -This was a special light that God created. The sun was not created until later. - -# was good - -This phrase is often repeated through the Creation story, and emphasizes that each stage of creation was pleasing to God and accomplished his plan and purpose. - -# creation - -This word is used here to refer to the six-day period during which God brought into being everything that exists. diff --git a/content/01/03.md b/content/01/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index 39c3752..0000000 --- a/content/01/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# the second day - -God’s work of creation was orderly, purposeful, and sequential. The things he created each day built upon and depended on the acts of the previous days. - -# Let there be an expanse above the waters - -God created the sky by speaking a command. - -# sky - -This term refers to all of the space above the earth, including the air we breathe and the heavens. diff --git a/content/01/04.md b/content/01/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index d20f99f..0000000 --- a/content/01/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# the third day - -The next in the series of orderly days in which God prepared the earth for life - -# Let the water come together in one place and the dry land appear - -God created the dry land by speaking a command. - -# earth - -This word is used here to refer to dirt or soil, which is what dry land is made of. - -# created - -This word is used here in the sense of making something out of nothing. diff --git a/content/01/05.md b/content/01/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index 22eea9d..0000000 --- a/content/01/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# Then God said, “Let the earth produce all kinds of trees and plants.” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Then God said that the earth should produce all kinds of trees and plants.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# God said - -God created all vegetation by speaking a command. - -# Let the earth produce all kinds of trees and plants - -The result of this command happened immediately because it was spoken by God. It may be more natural to translate this as a statement of certainty that this would definitely happen. For example, you could translate this as: “The earth will produce all kinds of trees and plants.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) - -# all kinds - -The many different species, or types, of plants and trees. - -# created - -This word is used here in the sense of making something out of nothing. - -# was good - -This phrase is often repeated through the Creation story, and emphasizes that each stage of creation was pleasing to God and accomplished his plan and purpose. diff --git a/content/01/06.md b/content/01/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 89bb438..0000000 --- a/content/01/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# the fourth day - -the next in the orderly series of days in which God created - -# Let there be lights in the sky - -God created the sun, moon, and stars by speaking a command. - -# light - -Shining objects in the sky now provided light for the earth. - -# day and night, seasons and years - -God created different lights to mark days, nights, seasons, and years. He divides time periods which are indicated by the positions of the lights. These periods are cyclical and continue until the end of time. - -# created - -This word is used here in the sense of making something out of nothing. diff --git a/content/01/07.md b/content/01/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index b4f3dc2..0000000 --- a/content/01/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# the fifth day - -God continues his orderly progression of creation that he started during the previous four days. - -# Let living things fill the waters, and birds fly in the sky - -God created water creatures and the birds by speaking a command. - -# everything that swims - -God not only made fish, but every kind of living thing that lives in the waters. Every one exists because God chose to create it. - -# all the birds - -God did not make just one kind of bird, but all of the amazing variety of shapes, sizes, colors, and kinds of birds. - -# it was good - -This phrase is repeated throughout creation to show that every step went exactly according to God’s wise plan and purpose. - -# blessed them - -God speaks his desire that they would prosper and that things would go well for them in the world in which he had placed them. diff --git a/content/01/08.md b/content/01/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index d1ac232..0000000 --- a/content/01/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,31 +0,0 @@ -# the sixth day - -the next event in a continuing, orderly progression of days and creative acts - -# Let there be all kinds of land animals! - -The result of this command happened immediately because it was spoken by God. It may be more natural to translate this as a statement of certainty that this would definitely happen. For example, you could translate this as: “There will be all kinds of land animals!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) - -# all kinds - -This indicates a great variety, but also order. - -# land animals - -Every kind of animal that lived on the land, as opposed to the birds, or animals that live in the seas. - -# farm animals - -The kinds of land animals that commonly live peacefully with people—as in tame, or domesticated, animals. - -# crawled on the ground - -This probably includes reptiles and possibly insects. - -# wild - -The kinds of animals that do not normally live peacefully with people, usually because they are afraid of people, or dangerous to them. - -# it was good - -This phrase is repeated throughout creation to show that every step went exactly according to God’s wise plan and purpose. diff --git a/content/01/09.md b/content/01/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9bbbd93..0000000 --- a/content/01/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# Let us make - -This indicates God’s deliberate, willful decision to create man in a particular way for a particular purpose. You could translate this as: “We will make.” - -# us…our…us - -The Bible teaches that there is one God, but the Old Testament word **God** is a plural form, and God uses plural pronouns when speaking to himself. Some understand this as a special way of speaking that expresses God’s majesty, and others understand this as God the Father speaking to the Son and the Spirit, who are all God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) - -# in our image - -An image is a physical representation of someone or something. Humans were made in such a way that we display or represent some of the qualities or traits of God. - -# in our image to be like us - -The two phrases, **in our image** and **like us** are a doublet. They means almost the same thing. Together, they emphasize that man was to be very much like God, although not exactly the same. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) - -# like us - -Humans share some of God’s characteristics, but not all of his qualities. This phrase should be translated with words that show man is similar to God, but not equal with him, nor the same as he is. - -# rule over - -God gave people the right and power to manage, guide, and control how the earth and the animals will be used. diff --git a/content/01/10.md b/content/01/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8b15835..0000000 --- a/content/01/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,31 +0,0 @@ -# took some soil - -God made man from the dust, or dry soil from the ground. This word should probably be different from the general word used for earth. - -# formed it - -This word expresses that God personally fashioned the man in the same way that a person shapes something with his hands. Make sure that a different word from ‘create’ is used. Note that this is very different from how he created everything else through a simple spoken command. - -# a man - -Only the man was made at this time; the woman was made later by a different method. - -# breathed life - -This phrase expresses God’s very personal, intimate action as he transferred life from himself into Adam’s body, comparing this to how a human being breathes out air. - -# life - -In this event, God breathed both physical and spiritual life into the man. - -# Adam - -Adam’s name is the same as the Old Testament word for ‘man,’ and similar to the word for **soil**, the substance from which he was formed. - -# a large garden - -An area of land planted with trees and plants for a purpose–usually to produce food or to provide beauty. - -# to care for it - -To maintain the garden by preparing soil, planting, tending, and harvesting. diff --git a/content/01/11.md b/content/01/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index e3145fb..0000000 --- a/content/01/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -# In the middle - -The central location emphasizes the importance of the two trees. - -# the garden - -An area of land planted with trees and plants for a purpose–usually to produce food or to provide beauty. - -# the tree of life - -Anyone who ate fruit from this tree would never die. - -# the tree of the knowledge of good and evil - -The fruit of this tree could enable a person to know both good and evil. - -# knowledge - -To know or understand by personal experience. - -# good and evil - -**Evil** is the opposite of **good**. Just as **good** refers to what is pleasing to God, **evil** refers to everything that is not pleasing to God. - -# would die - -In this instance, he would die both physically and spiritually. diff --git a/content/01/12.md b/content/01/12.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4d29580..0000000 --- a/content/01/12.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# not good - -This is the first time that anything in creation was not good. It means it was ‘not yet good’ because God was not finished with the creation of humans. - -# alone - -Adam was the only human, with no possibility of a relationship with another person, and unable to have children and multiply. - -# Adam’s helper - -There was no one who was similar enough to Adam to join with him to accomplish the task that God gave to him. None of the animals could do this. diff --git a/content/01/13.md b/content/01/13.md deleted file mode 100644 index db2962a..0000000 --- a/content/01/13.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# a deep sleep - -This was a deeper sleep than normal. - -# took one of Adam’s ribs and made - -The verbs indicate God’s very personal act of removing the rib from Adam and shaping it into a woman. - -# a woman - -She was the first woman, the female version of human beings that was missing until now. - -# brought her to him - -God personally introduced them. He presented the woman to Adam, almost like offering a special gift. diff --git a/content/01/14.md b/content/01/14.md deleted file mode 100644 index d9762b0..0000000 --- a/content/01/14.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# At last! - -Adam’s exclamation indicates that he had been waiting for something like the woman. - -# like me - -The woman was the same type of being as Adam, even though there were important differences between them. - -# Woman - -This word is the feminine form of the word ‘man.’ - -# made from Man - -The woman was formed directly from Adam’s own body. - -# a man leaves - -This is stated in the present tense to indicate what would become the normal situation in the future. Adam did not have a mother or father, but all other men would. - -# becomes one - -The husband and wife will share an intimate bond of unity and a commitment to one another that will surpass their relationships to anyone else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) diff --git a/content/01/15.md b/content/01/15.md deleted file mode 100644 index da3a978..0000000 --- a/content/01/15.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# God made - -God formed the man and the woman in a very personal way. - -# in his own image - -An image is a physical representation of someone or something. God made people to display or represent some of his qualities and traits, but not to be equal to him. - -# very good - -More intense than the **it was good** statements on previous days. **Very good** refers to all of creation, not just the man and the woman. Everything was exactly as God intended it to be. - -# creation - -This word is used here to refer to the six-day period during which God made everything that exists. diff --git a/content/01/16.md b/content/01/16.md deleted file mode 100644 index c1a083a..0000000 --- a/content/01/16.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# the seventh day - -The next day after the six days of creation were completed. - -# finished all the work that he had been doing - -Specifically, God finished the work of creation. He still performs other work. - -# blessed the seventh day - -God had a special, positive plan for the seventh day, and for every seventh day to follow. - -# made it holy - -That is, God ‘set apart’ the day as a special day. It was not to be used in the same way as the other six days of the week. - -# the universe - -This includes everything that God created on the earth and in the heavens, both visible and invisible things. - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/02/00.md b/content/02/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9fe78d9..0000000 --- a/content/02/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# Sin Enters the World - -This title can also be translated as: “About how people began to sin” or “How did people begin to sin?” diff --git a/content/02/01.md b/content/02/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7b647ff..0000000 --- a/content/02/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# the beautiful garden - -This refers to a special collection of trees and plants that God prepared for Adam and Eve to enjoy and from which to eat. This should be the same word that was used in [01:11](01/11). See how you translated it there. - -# shame - -the feeling that comes with knowing we have sinned or that we fall short in some way - -# talked with God - -The word for **talk** should be the same as would be used to refer to talking to a human being. God may have taken a physical form to talk to the man and the woman since the text indicates that they talked to him face-to-face. diff --git a/content/02/02.md b/content/02/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6efbf5c..0000000 --- a/content/02/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# a snake - -This refers to an elongated, legless creature that now moves by wiggling on its belly. Although later on in the story it is revealed that Satan spoke through the snake, this should not be said here in this frame. - -# crafty - -clever and sly, with the intent to deceive - -# He asked the woman, “Did God really tell you not to eat the fruit from any of the trees in the garden?” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “He asked the woman if God had really told her not to eat the fruit from any of the trees in the garden.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# Did God really tell you not to eat the fruit from any of the trees in the garden? - -This is a rhetorical question. The snake asked the woman whether God actually said not to eat from any of the trees in the garden. But he was only pretending that he didn’t know what God had said because he wanted to create doubt in the woman’s mind. He wanted her to question God’s goodness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -# you - -If your language has different words for **you** depending on the number of people intended, use the plural form. God had given this command to both the man and the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) - -# the fruit from any of the trees - -This refers to all of the various types of fruit from each of the different trees in the garden. diff --git a/content/02/03.md b/content/02/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index 888a953..0000000 --- a/content/02/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# The woman answered, “God told us we could eat the fruit of any tree except from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. God told us, ‘If you eat that fruit or even touch it, you will die.’” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “The woman answered that God had told them that they could eat the fruit of any tree except from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, and that if they ate that fruit or even touched it, they would die.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# If you eat that fruit or even touch it, you will die - -If your language has different words for **you** depending on the number of people intended, use the plural form. God had given this command to both the man and the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) - -# the fruit - -We don’t know what kind of fruit this was. We only know that it grew on this tree. If possible, it is best to use a general word for fruit here, and not a word for a specific kind of fruit. - -# the tree of the knowledge of good and evil - -The woman correctly understood that they were not allowed to eat from this one tree that would enable them to understand evil as well as good. - -# you will die - -Use your ordinary word for death, for a person’s physical life to end. Don’t avoid the term just because the thought of death sounds too harsh. diff --git a/content/02/04.md b/content/02/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index b922aa8..0000000 --- a/content/02/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# The snake responded to the woman, “That is not true! You will not die. God just knows that as soon as you eat it, you will be like God and will understand good and evil like he does.” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “The snake responded to the woman that this was not true! They would not die. God just knew that as soon as they ate it, they would be like God and would understand good and evil like he does.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# You will not die. God just knows that as soon as you eat it, you will be like God - -If your language has different words for **you** depending on the number of people intended, use the plural form. Satan was speaking about what would happen to both the man and the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) - -# like God - -The man and the woman were already made in the likeness of God. The snake is suggesting that the woman would be more like God if she understood evil. However, God never intended for her to have this knowledge. - -# will understand good and evil - -To know from personal experience what things are good and what things are bad, or being able to know whether something is good or bad. - -# good and evil - -This is a merism. **Good** and **evil** are two extremes that represent everything in between them. Satan is saying that they would understand everthing about what is right and wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) diff --git a/content/02/05.md b/content/02/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index 766d610..0000000 --- a/content/02/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# wise - -The woman wanted to have insight and understanding like the snake seemed to have, and like God has. - -# who was with her - -This is important information because it shows that the man was present when the woman made the decision to eat the fruit. diff --git a/content/02/06.md b/content/02/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 63ef10e..0000000 --- a/content/02/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# their eyes were opened - -This expression means they now understood something for the first time. This could be translated as: “they saw things differently.” In your language, there may be an expression with similar meaning that you could use to translate this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -# they realized they were naked - -After the man and the woman disobeyed God, they felt ashamed that they were naked. That is why they used leaves to try to cover their naked bodies. - -# They tried to cover their bodies - -The man and the woman tried to cover their bodies in order to hide from God because they were ashamed that they were naked. You may want to make that explicit. Alternate translation: “They were ashamed that they were naked, and tried to cover their bodies to hide from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/content/02/07.md b/content/02/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9c3f265..0000000 --- a/content/02/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# God walking - -It seems that God regularly came to the garden to walk and talk with the man and the woman. We do not know what this looked like. If it is possible, it is best to use the same word that would be used to talk about a person walking. - -# Then God called to the man, “Where are you?” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Then God called to the man and asked him where he was.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# Where are you? - -This is a rhetorical question. God already knew the answer to this question. The purpose of the question was to force the man and the woman to explain why they were hiding. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -# you - -If your language has different words for **you** depending on the number of people intended, use the singular form. God was speaking only to the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) - -# Adam replied, “I heard you walking in the garden, and I was afraid because I was naked. So I hid.” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Adam replied that he heard God walking in the garden, and was afraid because he was naked. So he hid.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) diff --git a/content/02/08.md b/content/02/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4b6f165..0000000 --- a/content/02/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -# Then God asked, “Who told you that you were naked? Did you eat the fruit I told you not to eat?” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Then God asked who told Adam, that he were naked, and it he had eaten the fruit that God told him not to eat.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# Who told you that you were naked? - -Or, “How did you find out that you were naked?” God already knows the answer to all of his questions. By asking this question and the following question, he was giving Adam the opportunity to admit his sin of disobedience. Being naked was not a sin. God created them that way. Their knowledge of their nakedness was the problem. Their shame showed that they had sinned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -# Did you eat the fruit I told you not to eat? - -This is a rhetorical question. God already knew that Adam had eaten the fruit that God had told him not to eat. This can be translated as: a statement: “You ate the fruit that I told you not to eat!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -# she gave me the fruit - -The man blamed the woman rather than confessing his disobedience and accepting responsibility for disobeying God. - -# Then God asked the woman, “What have you done?” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Then God asked the woman what she had done.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# What have you done? - -Or, “Why have you done this?” God already knew the answer to this question. By asking this question, he was giving the woman the opportunity to admit her guilt. He was also implying that she should not have done what she did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -# The snake tricked me - -The snake deceived or misled her. He lied to her. Don’t use a word that indicates that he cast a spell on her or bewitched her. The woman blamed the snake rather than confessing her disobedience and accepting responsibility for disobeying God. diff --git a/content/02/09.md b/content/02/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index 02905a0..0000000 --- a/content/02/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# You are cursed! - -This could also be translated as: “I curse you!” or “Great harm will come to you.” Do not use a word that implies magic. - -# will hate each other - -The woman would hate the snake and the snake would hate the woman. The women’s descendants would also hate the snake’s descendants, and the snake’s descendants would hate them. - -# The woman’s descendant - -Refers to one of her descendants in particular. - -# will crush your head - -The descendant of the woman will destroy the descendant of the snake. - -# will wound his heel - -The descendant of the snake will wound the descendant of the woman. diff --git a/content/02/10.md b/content/02/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3d65d46..0000000 --- a/content/02/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# childbirth very painful - -Some languages may need to express this as a verb. You could say: ‘I will cause you to have much more pain when you give birth to children.’ diff --git a/content/02/11.md b/content/02/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index be02200..0000000 --- a/content/02/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# the ground is cursed - -As punishment for Adam’s disobedience, the earth would no longer be fruitful. Adam would have to work very hard to raise enough food to eat. - -# you will die - -The ultimate punishment for their disobedience was death. Spiritual death is our separation from God. Physical death is our separation from our body. - -# will return to soil - -God created Adam from the soil and gave him life. As a result of sin, his life will be taken from him and his body will decompose and become soil again. - -# Eve, which means “life-giver,” - -God gave life to Adam and Eve, and it is passed on to every person through childbirth. - -# the mother of all people - -This means that she would be the female ancestor of all people. Some languages might say ‘she would be the grandmother of all people.’ diff --git a/content/02/12.md b/content/02/12.md deleted file mode 100644 index bd0d51d..0000000 --- a/content/02/12.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -# like us by knowing good and evil - -Here, this phrase points to a new way that Adam and Eve would be like God. Because they had sinned, they were aware of evil and could experience it. You could say: “because now they knew both good and evil.” - -# like us - -The Bible teaches that there is one God, but the Old Testament word ‘God’ is a plural form, and God uses plural pronouns when speaking to himself. Some understand this as a special way of speaking that expresses God’s majesty, and others understand this as God the Father speaking to the Son and the Spirit, who are all God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) - -# good and evil - -This is a merism. **Good** and **evil** are two extremes that represent everything in between them. God is saying that they would understand everything about what is right and wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) - -# they must not be allowed - -This can be stated in active form: “we must not allow them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -# the fruit - -The specific kind of fruit is not revealed, so it is best to translate this using a general word for fruit. - -# the tree of life - -This was an actual tree with fruit (See: [01:11](01/11)). If a person ate this fruit, he would live continually and never die. - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/03/00.md b/content/03/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index b4e1bfd..0000000 --- a/content/03/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# The Flood - -This title can also be translated as: “About God made a great flood” or “What happened when God made a great flood?” diff --git a/content/03/01.md b/content/03/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 755114c..0000000 --- a/content/03/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# After a long time - -This story happens many generations (hundreds of years) after creation. - -# very wicked and violent - -It may be more natural to say: “had become wicked and did violent things.” - -# It became so bad - -It may be clearer to say: “People were behaving in such harmful and evil ways.” - -# God decided to destroy - -This does not mean that the earth would be destroyed completely. Rather God planned to destroy all the people who had rebelled against him and who had caused such evil and violence. This flood would also kill all the land animals and the birds. - -# a huge flood - -Very deep water that would cover the earth, even in places where the ground was normally dry, and even covering the tops of the highest mountains. diff --git a/content/03/02.md b/content/03/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 82b2e7f..0000000 --- a/content/03/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# God was pleased with Noah - -God was pleased with Noah because he feared and obeyed God. So even though Noah was not sinless, God was gracious to him and made a plan to rescue his family from the devastating flood. Make sure this does not sound like Noah was lucky or that he just happened to escape. Rather, it was God’s choice. - -# was going to make a big flood - -God planned to cause deep water to cover the earth by sending a lot of rain. That is, he planned to cause the flood by causing a lot of rain to fall. - -# a big flood - -See how you translated this in [03:01](03/01). diff --git a/content/03/03.md b/content/03/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0f60c86..0000000 --- a/content/03/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# the boat - -The boat was big enough to carry eight people, two of every kind of animal, and their provisions for almost a year. diff --git a/content/03/04.md b/content/03/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4927e44..0000000 --- a/content/03/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# Noah warned the people - -Noah told everyone that God planned to destroy the world because of sin. - -# to turn to God - -This means that they should stop sinning and start obeying God. diff --git a/content/03/06.md b/content/03/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3b833c2..0000000 --- a/content/03/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# God sent - -Noah did not need to find the animals. God sent them to him. - -# used for sacrifices - -For some languages, it may be better to say something like, ‘animals that were acceptable to sacrifice to God.’ God had decided that people should sacrifice animals to him, but he only permitted them to sacrifice certain kinds of animals. - -# God himself closed the door - -This emphasizes that it was God who shut the door. diff --git a/content/03/07.md b/content/03/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1e401d2..0000000 --- a/content/03/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# rain, and rain, and rain - -This emphasizes that there was an unusual, extreme amount of rain. Other languages may have a different way of emphasizing this. - -# gushing up - -This indicates that there was a large amount of water coming out. - -# the whole world was covered - -This refers to all the earth being covered with water from the flood. diff --git a/content/03/09.md b/content/03/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8175cb5..0000000 --- a/content/03/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# the rains stopped - -This could be translated as: “it stopped raining.” - -# the boat rested - -There was so much water from the rain that it covered the mountains. The ship floated over the mountains, and when the water started to go down, the ship went down with the water and settled on a mountain. - -# After three more months - -During the next three months, the water continued to go down. - -# were visible - -Other ways to translate this would be “were showing” or “appeared” or “could be seen.” It may be more clear to say: “After three months, the water had gone down enough so that Noah and his family could clearly see the tops of the mountains.” diff --git a/content/03/10.md b/content/03/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index c43a915..0000000 --- a/content/03/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# a raven - -A black bird that flies and eats a variety of plant and animal foods, including the rotting flesh of dead animals. diff --git a/content/03/11.md b/content/03/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index 48fd6d8..0000000 --- a/content/03/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# a dove - -A small white or gray flying bird that eats seeds or fruit. - -# an olive branch - -An olive tree’s fruit contains oil which people use for cooking or putting on their skin. If your language does not have a word for **olive branch**, you could translate it as: “branch from a tree called ‘olive’” or “branch from an oil-tree.” - -# The water was going down - -It may be more natural in your language to say: “the water was going away” or “the level of the water was getting lower.” diff --git a/content/03/12.md b/content/03/12.md deleted file mode 100644 index cddc4b6..0000000 --- a/content/03/12.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# waited another week - -You could say: “waited seven more days.” The word **waited** shows that Noah was allowing time for the floodwaters to go down before sending out the dove again. diff --git a/content/03/13.md b/content/03/13.md deleted file mode 100644 index d6c55d6..0000000 --- a/content/03/13.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# Two months later - -This means two months after Noah released the dove from the ark. It may be necessary to say this explicitly if it is not clear. - -# God said to Noah, “You and your family and all the animals may leave the boat now. Have many children and grandchildren and fill the earth.” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God told Noah that he and his family and all the animals could leave the boat then, and have many children and grandchildren and fill the earth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# Have many children - -To make sure it is clear that this was God’s command and desire, you could say: “You must have many children” or “I want you to have many children.” - -# fill the earth - -If this is not clear, it may be necessary to say: “and fill the earth with people” or “so that there will be many people living on the earth.” - -# came out - -Some languages would say: “went out” instead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) diff --git a/content/03/14.md b/content/03/14.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6b2d417..0000000 --- a/content/03/14.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# animal that could be used for a sacrifice - -Another way to say this would be: “that people could use to sacrifice to him.” - -# God was happy - -God was pleased with Noah for sacrificing these animals. diff --git a/content/03/15.md b/content/03/15.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5f4b579..0000000 --- a/content/03/15.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# God said, “I promise I will never again curse the ground because of the evil things that people do, or destroy the world by causing a flood, even though people are sinful from the time they are children.” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God promised to never again curse the ground because of the evil things that people do, or destroy the world by causing a flood, even though people are sinful from the time they are children.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# never again - -This means ‘not ever again’ or ‘not again at any time’ or ‘truly not again.’ Examples: ‘I will not ever again curse the ground’ or ‘I will not curse the ground again at any time’ or ‘I will truly not curse the ground again.’ - -# curse the ground - -The earth and the other creatures suffered because of man’s sin. - -# the world - -This refers to the earth and the living creatures that lived on it. - -# people are sinful from the time they are children - -Another way to say this would be: “people do sinful things their entire lives.” diff --git a/content/03/16.md b/content/03/16.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0abb93f..0000000 --- a/content/03/16.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# rainbow - -This is the multicolored arc of light that often appears in the sky after a rainstorm. - -# a sign - -A sign is something (such as an object or event) that gives a certain meaning or which points to something that is true or will happen. - -# of his promise - -In some languages, it may be better to say: “to show that he had promised.” - -# Every time - -Make sure it is clear that this means every time a rainbow appeared from that time on. It may be necessary to add: “From then on, every time…” - -# what he promised - -This refers back to the previous frame in which God promised to never again destroy the earth with a flood. - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/04/00.md b/content/04/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index 71beb53..0000000 --- a/content/04/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# God’s Covenant with Abraham - -This title can also be translated as: “About how God made a covenant with Abraham” or “Why did God make a covenant with Abraham?” diff --git a/content/04/01.md b/content/04/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index da14f9e..0000000 --- a/content/04/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# Many years after the flood - -Many generations had passed since the end of the flood. - -# there were again many people - -Noah’s family multiplied into enough people to fill a city. - -# the same language - -This means there was only one language, so they could all understand each other. - -# a city - -It is best to use a general word for **city** since the text does not give a specific name. diff --git a/content/04/02.md b/content/04/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index c642369..0000000 --- a/content/04/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# a tall tower that would reach heaven - -This structure was so tall that its top would be in the sky. - -# heaven - -This could be translated as: “sky.” diff --git a/content/04/03.md b/content/04/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index c6901e1..0000000 --- a/content/04/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# changed their language - -In an instant, God miraculously gave them different languages to speak so that, suddenly, they were no longer able to understand each other. - -# many different languages - -Instead of one large group of people speaking one language, there were now many smaller people groups each speaking its own separate language. - -# spread the people - -When God changed their languages, he caused these groups of people to scatter out on the earth. Each group moved to its own area. - -# Babel - -We don’t know the exact location of this city, other than it was somewhere in the ancient Middle East. - -# confused - -This refers to how the people were confused or mixed-up when they could no longer understand each other after God changed their language. diff --git a/content/04/04.md b/content/04/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 199f6bb..0000000 --- a/content/04/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,31 +0,0 @@ -# Hundreds of years later - -This could be translated as: “many generations after the people split into different language groups at Babel.” or “a long time after that happened.” - -# God told him, “Leave your country and family and go to the land I will show you. I will bless you and make you a great nation. I will make your name great. I will bless those who bless you and curse those who curse you. All families on earth will be blessed because of you.” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God told him to leave his country and family and go to the land he would show him. God would bless him and make him a great nation. He would make his name great. He would bless those who curse Abram and curse those who curse him. All families on earth will be blessed because of you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# Leave your country - -This refers to the area where Abram was born and grew up (a region in Central Asia called ‘Ur’). It could be translated as: “native region” or “homeland” or something similar. - -# and family - -God was calling Abram to leave behind most of his relatives. However, God was not telling Abram to abandon the people he was responsible for, including his wife. - -# make you a great nation - -Here **great nation** is a metonym that means God would cause Abram to have many descendants, and they would become a large and important nation or country. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -# will make your name great - -This means that Abram’s name and family would become well-known throughout the world and people would think well of them. - -# All families on earth will be blessed because of you - -This can be stated in active form: “I will bless all families on earth because of you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -# All families on earth - -Abram’s decision to follow God would affect not only his own family, but also families from every people group on earth. diff --git a/content/04/05.md b/content/04/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index 536bb14..0000000 --- a/content/04/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# He took - -Some languages would say: “He brought” here. Others would use two different verbs here, such as: “He caused his wife to come with him” or “He brought along all of their servants and possessions.” - -# God showed him - -Somehow God made it clear to Abram where he was to go. The text doesn’t tell how God showed him. - -# the land of Canaan - -The name of this land was ‘Canaan.’ This could be translated as: “the land called Canaan.” diff --git a/content/04/06.md b/content/04/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index b195fde..0000000 --- a/content/04/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# God said, “Look all around you. I will give to you all this land, and your descendants will always possess it.” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God told Abram to look all around, for God would give to him all this land, and his descendants would always possess it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# all this land - -If Abram was standing on a mountain, he could have seen a very large area. On several occasions, God promised to give the entire land of Canaan to Abram and his descendants. - -# your descendants will always possess it - -God promised to give the land to Abram and also to his descendants. - -# Then Abram settled in the land - -Abram lived there along with all those who had gone there with him. diff --git a/content/04/07.md b/content/04/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3203c6e..0000000 --- a/content/04/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# Melchizedek blessed Abram and said, “May God Most High who owns heaven and earth bless Abram.” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Melchizedek blessed Abram and asked that God Most High who owns heaven and earth would bless Abram.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# Melchizedek - -Melchizedek was the recognized religious authority in Canaan who received and presented offerings to God. - -# God Most High - -The people of Canaan worshiped many false gods. The title **Most High God** explains that the God that Melchizedek worshiped was far superior to all of them, and was the same God that Abram worshiped. diff --git a/content/04/08.md b/content/04/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6402760..0000000 --- a/content/04/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# Many years went by - -A large number of years had passed since God had first promised that Abram would have a son. - -# as the stars in the sky - -This expression means that Abram’s descendants will be so many that no one can count them all. diff --git a/content/04/09.md b/content/04/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index 778c7d2..0000000 --- a/content/04/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# two parties - -The parties could be two people, two groups of people, or a person and a group of people. - -# in this case, God made a promise to Abram - -The promise that God made to Abraham was without conditions. God would do what he promised. It did not depend on what Abram did. - -# God said, “I will give you a son from your own body. I give the land of Canaan to your descendants.” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God said he would give Abram a son from his own body, and would give the land of Canaan to his descendants.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# from your own body - -With his own body, Abram would cause his wife to become pregnant, so that, together, they would have their own, natural son. This was an amazing promise, since Abram and Sarai were very old. - -# did not have a son - -Abram still did not have any descendants who could possess the land. - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/05/00.md b/content/05/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2f19a3a..0000000 --- a/content/05/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# The Son of Promise - -This title can also be translated as: “About how God promised Abraham that he would have a son” or “How did God promise to give Abraham a son?” diff --git a/content/05/01.md b/content/05/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4b8b012..0000000 --- a/content/05/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# they still did not have a child - -Without a child, Abram had no descendants to become a great nation. - -# So Abram’s wife, Sarai, said to him, “Since God has not allowed me to have children, and now I am too old to have children, here is my servant, Hagar. Marry her also so she can have a child for me.” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “So Abram’s wife, Sarai, said to him that since God had not allowed her to have children and now I am too old to have children, Abram should take her servant, Hagar, and marry her also so she could have a child for Sarai.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# Marry her also - -Abram would take Hagar as a second wife, but Hagar would not have the full status of a wife as Sarai did. She was still Sarai’s servant. - -# have a child for me - -Since Hagar was Sarai’s servant, Sarai would be considered the mother of any children that Hagar bore. diff --git a/content/05/02.md b/content/05/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index f2b32c7..0000000 --- a/content/05/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# married - -Hagar became Abram’s concubine–a ‘second wife’ of lower status. Hagar was still Sarai’s servant. - -# became jealous of Hagar - -Sarai was jealous of Hagar because Hagar could have children and Sarai could not. diff --git a/content/05/03.md b/content/05/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index e9cf579..0000000 --- a/content/05/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# God also told Abram, “You will be the father of many nations. I will give you and your descendants the land of Canaan as their possession, and I will be their God forever. You must circumcise every male in your family.” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God also told Abram that Abram would be the father of many nations. God would give him and his descendants the land of Canaan as their possession and would be their God forever. Abram must circumcise every male in his family.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# the father of many nations - -Abram would have many descendants, and they would have their own lands and rule themselves. They and others would remember that Abram was their ancestor and would honor him. - -# I will be their God - -Another way to say this is: “I will be the God that they will worship.” - -# every male in your family - -This could be translated as: “every boy and man in your family.” This included Abram’s servants and his descendants. diff --git a/content/05/04.md b/content/05/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index bb5052d..0000000 --- a/content/05/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -God continues to speak to Abram. - -# “Your wife, Sarai, will have a son—he will be the son of promise. Name him Isaac. I will make my covenant with him, and he will become a great nation. I will make Ishmael a great nation, too, but my covenant will be with Isaac.” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “His wife, Sarai, would have a son—he will be the son of promise. He would name him Isaac. God would make is covenant with Isaac, and he will become a great nation. God would make Ishmael a great nation, too, but his covenant would be with Isaac.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# the son of promise - -Isaac would be the son that God promised to Sarai and Abram. He would also be the son that God would use to give Abram many descendants. - -# I will make my covenant with him - -This would be the same covenant that God made with Abram. - -# father of many - -As God had promised, Abraham would become the ancestor of many people who would even become many nations. - -# princess - -A princess is a daughter of a king. The names Sarai and Sarah apparently both meant ‘princess.’ But God changed her name to signify that she would be the mother of many nations, and some of her descendants would be kings. diff --git a/content/05/05.md b/content/05/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index f2d6bbe..0000000 --- a/content/05/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# all the males in his household - -This means all of the men and boys that Abraham was responsible for, including his male servants, young and old. diff --git a/content/05/06.md b/content/05/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 738d5a0..0000000 --- a/content/05/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# God tested Abraham’s faith by saying, “Take Isaac, your only son, and kill him as a sacrifice to me.” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God tested Abraham’s faith by telling him to take Isaac, his only son, and kill him as a sacrifice to God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# God tested Abraham’s faith - -God wanted Abraham to show that he was completely submitted to God, that he would obey whatever God told him to do. - -# your only son - -It is implied that God knows that Abraham has another son, Ishmael. This emphasizes that Isaac is the son that God promised to give Abraham. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “your only son whom I have promised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# kill him - -God did not want human sacrifice. God wanted to see that Abraham loved God more than he loved his son and would obey God even when God told him to give his son back to God. - -# prepared to sacrifice his son - -Abraham got ready to sacrifice his son. God stopped him before he killed his son. diff --git a/content/05/07.md b/content/05/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index dc68382..0000000 --- a/content/05/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# walked to the place of sacrifice - -God had told Abraham to sacrifice Isaac on a special high hill that was about three days’ walk from where they lived. - -# Isaac asked, “Father, we have wood for the sacrifice, but where is the lamb?” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Isaac told his father that they had wood for the sacrifice, but he did not know where the lamb was.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# wood for the sacrifice - -For a sacrifice, normally the lamb was killed and then placed on top of wood so that the wood and the lamb could be burned up with fire. - -# the lamb - -A young sheep or goat would be the normal animal for a sacrifice. - -# Abraham replied, “God will provide the lamb for the sacrifice, my son.” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Abraham replied to his son that God would provide the lamb for the sacrifice.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# will provide the lamb - -Abraham may have believed that Isaac was the lamb that God provided, although God fulfilled Abraham’s words by providing a ram to sacrifice in Isaac’s place. diff --git a/content/05/08.md b/content/05/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index 813dc2b..0000000 --- a/content/05/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# to kill his son - -God did not want human sacrifice. God wanted to see that Abraham loved God more than he loved his son and would obey God even when God told him to give his son back to God. - -# God said, “Stop! Do not hurt the boy! Now I know that you fear me because you did not keep your only son from me.” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God told him to stop, and not to hurt the boy! God now knew that Abraham feared God because he did not keep his only son from him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# you fear me - -Abraham feared God, which included respect and reverence for God. Because of those things, he obeyed God. - -# your only son - -Ishmael was also Abraham’s son, but Isaac was the only son of Abraham and Sarah. God’s covenant was with Isaac and it was through Isaac that God would fulfill his promise. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “your only son whom I have promised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/content/05/09.md b/content/05/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5c5d52f..0000000 --- a/content/05/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# a ram - -A ram is an adult male sheep. - -# God had provided the ram - -Just at the right moment, God caused the ram to be stuck in the bush. diff --git a/content/05/10.md b/content/05/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4edecbc..0000000 --- a/content/05/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# Then God said to Abraham, “Because you were willing to give me everything, even your only son, I promise to bless you. Your descendants will be more than the stars in the sky. Because you have obeyed me, I will bless all the families of the world through your family.” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Then God said to Abraham that because Abraham was willing to give God everything, even his only son, he promised to bless him. His descendants will be more than the stars in the sky. Because Abraham had obeyed him, God would bless all the families of the world through Abraham’s family.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# your only son - -See explanation in [05:08](05/08). - -# the stars in the sky - -See explanation in [04:08](04/08). - -# all the families of the world - -Here, **families** refers to the larger distinct groups of people on earth, rather than to each set of parents and children. - -# your family - -Here, **family** refers to the many descendants that Abraham would have. The future generations of the world would be blessed through Abraham’s descendants. The greatest blessing would come many generations later through God’s chosen servant, the Messiah. - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/06/00.md b/content/06/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index 559d17a..0000000 --- a/content/06/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# God Provides for Isaac - -This title can also be translated as: “About how God got a wife for Isaac” or “How did God get a wife for Isaac?” diff --git a/content/06/01.md b/content/06/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5ca972a..0000000 --- a/content/06/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# sent one of his servants back - -This could be translated as: “told one of his servants to go back.” The word **back** means that the servant would be going to the same place where Abraham used to live long ago before he came to Canaan. Make sure the translation of this phrase makes that clear. - -# to the land - -This land was east of where Abraham was now living. - -# to bring back a wife for his son, Isaac - -This could be translated as: “to bring back an unmarried woman for his son, Isaac, to marry.” diff --git a/content/06/02.md b/content/06/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index e906631..0000000 --- a/content/06/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# the granddaughter of Abraham’s brother - -Specifically, she was the daughter of Abraham’s brother’s son. Her grandfather was Abraham’s brother. diff --git a/content/06/03.md b/content/06/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index 09386c2..0000000 --- a/content/06/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# Rebekah agreed - -Even though Rebekah’s parents were arranging her marriage, they did not force her to go marry Isaac. diff --git a/content/06/04.md b/content/06/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index f5c6ee4..0000000 --- a/content/06/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# God then blessed Abraham’s son Isaac because of the covenant he had made with Abraham. - -The promises of the covenant that God made with Abraham were not for him only, but also for his descendants. - -# countless - -This could also be translated as: “very many.” The word **countless** means there would be so many descendants that people would not be able to count them. diff --git a/content/06/05.md b/content/06/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1d74178..0000000 --- a/content/06/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# in Rebekah’s womb - -This could mean ‘inside her.’ diff --git a/content/06/06.md b/content/06/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5cc3d2a..0000000 --- a/content/06/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# God told Rebekah, “You will give birth to two sons. Their descendants will become two different nations. They will struggle with each other. But the nation coming from your older son will have to obey the nation coming from your younger son.” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God told Rebekah that she would give birth to two sons. Their descendants would become two different nations. They would struggle with each other. But the nation coming from her older son would have to obey the nation coming from her younger son.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# They will struggle with each other - -Both the two sons and the nations that will come from them will continually fight with each other. Compare to [06:05](06/05). - -# your older son - -Even though the babies were twins, the baby that came out first would be treated as the older son. diff --git a/content/06/07.md b/content/06/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index d66ba2e..0000000 --- a/content/06/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# Rebekah’s babies were born - -Some languages have a more indirect way of saying this such as: “when Rebekah saw and took them” or “when Rebekah brought them to light.” - -# the older son came out…the younger son came out - -This could be translated as: “the first son to come out was…the second son to come out was.” Make sure that the way **older** and **younger** are translated still communicates that the boys were twins. - -# red - -This may mean that his skin was very red or that the hair on his body was red. - -# hairy - -Esau had a lot of hair on his body. You could say: “the older son’s body was red, with lots of hair.” - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/07/00.md b/content/07/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index 004ebd8..0000000 --- a/content/07/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# God Blesses Jacob - -This title can also be translated as: “About how God helped Jacob” or “What did God do to help Jacob?” diff --git a/content/07/01.md b/content/07/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 10fab0c..0000000 --- a/content/07/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# As the boys grew up, Jacob loved to stay at home, but Esau loved to hunt animals - -This is background information telling how the boys were different from each other, and that their parents each favored one child over the other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# loved to stay at home…loved to hunt - -Some languages will use a word for **love** here that is different from the one used for, “Rebekah loved Jacob.” For example, this could be translated as: “liked to stay at home…liked to hunt” or “preferred to stay at home…preferred to hunt.” - -# at home - -This expression refers to the area around the family dwellings. Jacob preferred to stay close to the tents where they lived. Some languages have a special expression for **at home**. - -# but Esau loved to hunt animals - -The connecting word **but** contrasts Esau’s love of hunting with Jacob’s love of staying home. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# Rebekah loved Jacob, but Isaac loved Esau - -This could be translated as: “Rebekah was more fond of Jacob, and Isaac was more fond of Esau.” This does not necessarily mean that Rebekah and Isaac did not love the other son, but that each parent had a favorite. - -# but Isaac loved Esau - -The connecting word **but** contrasts Isaac’s love of Esau with Rebekah’s love of Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) diff --git a/content/07/02.md b/content/07/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3bd3291..0000000 --- a/content/07/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# Esau said to Jacob, “Give me some of the food you have made.” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Esau asked Jacob to give him some of the food that Jacob had made.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# Give me some of the food…you will give it all - -Some languages may prefer to use two different words for **give** here. This would also apply to, “Esau promised to give…Jacob gave” in the last two sentences. - -# Jacob responded, “First, promise me that everything you should receive because you were born first, you will give it all to me.” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jacob told Esau to first promise that everything Easu would receive because he was born first, he would give it all to Jacob.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# everything you should receive because you were born first - -According to their custom, since Esau was the oldest son, he should have been the one to receive twice as much of their father’s wealth when their father died. Jacob thought of a way to take these rights of the oldest son from Esau. diff --git a/content/07/03.md b/content/07/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index a787fdb..0000000 --- a/content/07/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -# give his blessing - -It was customary for fathers to formally express their desire for good things to happen to their children. Normally, the older son received the best promise. Isaac wanted this extra prosperity to happen to Esau. - -# But before he did - -The connecting word **But** here contrasts Isaac’s desire to give Esau a blessing with the Rebekah and Jacob’s trick that intervened, preventing him from doing so. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# tricked him - -The word **trick** means to do something to deliberately deceive someone. Rebekah came up with a plan to deceive Isaac into giving Jacob the special blessing instead of Esau. - -# pretend - -The word **pretend** shows how Jacob would deceive his father (who had very poor eyesight in his old age). - -# So Jacob put on Esau’s clothes and put goatskins on his neck and hands. - -The connecting word **So** here connects the result, Jacob put on Esau’s clothes and goatskin to deceive Isaac, with the reason, Isaac was old and blind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# Esau’s clothes - -This refers to the clothes that Esau owned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) - -# goatskins - -The hairiness of the goatskins would make Jacob feel like Esau. diff --git a/content/07/04.md b/content/07/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8424cee..0000000 --- a/content/07/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# Jacob came to Isaac - -In some languages, it might be more natural to say: “Jacob went to Isaac.” - -# When Isaac felt the goat hair and smelled the clothes, he thought it was Esau and blessed him. - -This is a sequential clause. The word **When** connects Isaac feeling and smelling Jacob with the resulting action (he believed it was Esau and blessed him). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) - -# he thought it was Esau - -He thought that the person he was touching and smelling was Esau. diff --git a/content/07/05.md b/content/07/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index ccf77bc..0000000 --- a/content/07/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# because Jacob had stolen his rights as oldest son and also his blessing - -The connecting word **because** connects the reason, Jacob stole Esau’s rights and blessing, with the result, Esau hated Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# his rights - -This refers to the the extra blessing and inheritance that belonged to Esau because he was the firstborn son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) - -# rights as oldest son - -Jacob found a way to get the larger portion of their father’s wealth that should have gone to Esau as the older son. See also note on [07:02](07/02). - -# his blessing - -Jacob also tricked their father into giving him the promise of extra prosperity that Isaac intended to give to Esau. See also note on [07:03](07/03). - -# So he planned to kill Jacob - -The connecting word **So** connects the result, Esau planned to kill Jacob, with the reason, Esau hated Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) diff --git a/content/07/06.md b/content/07/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index beada99..0000000 --- a/content/07/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,25 +0,0 @@ -# But Rebekah heard of Esau’s plan - -The connecting word **But** is used in a contrast relationship. It contrasts Esau’s plan to kill Jacob with Rebekah hearing of it and devising a different plan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# Esau’s plan - -This refers to the plan that Esau had decided to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) - -Esau’s plan was to kill Jacob after his father died. - -# So she and Isaac sent Jacob far away - -The connecting word **So** connects the result, Rebekah and Isaac sent Jacob far away, with the reason, Rebekah heard of Esau’s plan to kill Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# she and Isaac sent Jacob far away - -Rebekah wanted to protect Jacob from Esau, so she talked to Isaac about sending Jacob away. - -# far away to live with her relatives - -This was the same place where Rebekah was living when Abraham’s servant asked her to be Isaac’s wife. To make this clear, you could add: “in the same land where she used to live.” The land was to the east, several hundred miles away. - -# her relatives - -This could also be translated as: “their relatives.” Since Abraham’s brother was Rebekah’s grandfather, her relatives were also Isaac’s relatives. diff --git a/content/07/07.md b/content/07/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index 69e7773..0000000 --- a/content/07/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# Rebekah’s relatives - -This refers to a social relationship—these people were related to Rebekah as part of her extended family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) - -# During that time he married and had 12 sons and a daughter. God made him very wealthy. - -This is background information about what happened while Jacob was away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# very wealthy - -This included money, large herds of animals and other possessions. diff --git a/content/07/08.md b/content/07/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index fd55e94..0000000 --- a/content/07/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# After 20 years - -Jacob had lived for twenty years in the land where his mother was from. If that is not clear you could say: “After twenty years living in the land where his relatives were…” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]]) - -# his family - -This refers to a social relationship—the people who were his family, those related to him by birth or marriage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) - -# all his flocks and herds of animals - -This refers to ownership—all the groups of animals that belonged to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) - -# herds - -A **herd** is a large group of animals. Use a similar word in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) diff --git a/content/07/09.md b/content/07/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index b611722..0000000 --- a/content/07/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# Your servant, Jacob - -Jacob was not actually Esau’s servant. But Jacob told his servants to say this because he wanted to show Esau that he was coming to him humbly and respectfully, so that Esau would no longer be angry with him. diff --git a/content/07/10.md b/content/07/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9b2876a..0000000 --- a/content/07/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,31 +0,0 @@ -# But Esau no longer wanted to harm Jacob - -The connecting word **But** here contrasts Jacob’s fear of Esau wanting to kill him with Esau no longer wanting to harm Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# Instead, he was very happy to see him again - -The connecting word **Instead** contrasts Jacob’s fear of Esau wanting to kill him with Esau being happy to see Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# lived peacefully - -This refers to the fact that Esau and Jacob were not angry at each other and did not fight with each other. - -# Then Isaac died - -The connecting word **Then** connects the timing of events. Jacob’s return to Canaan and living there were followed by Isaac’s death and Jacob and Esau burying him together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) - -# buried him - -This could mean that they dug a hole in the ground, placed Isaac’s body in it, and covered the hole with dirt or stones. Or it could mean that they placed Isaac’s body in a cave and covered the opening. - -# The covenant promises - -These were the promises that God made in his covenant with Abraham. - -# passed on from Isaac to Jacob - -The promises went from Abraham to his son Isaac, and now to Isaac’s son Jacob. Esau did not receive the promises (See: [06:04](06/04)). - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/08/00.md b/content/08/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index bc4c62e..0000000 --- a/content/08/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# God Saves Joseph and His Family - -This title can also be translated as: “About how God took care of Joseph and his family” or “How did God rescue Joseph and his family?” diff --git a/content/08/01.md b/content/08/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3ef43cc..0000000 --- a/content/08/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# Many years later, when Jacob was an old man - -This begins a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# sent - -This word means that Jacob told Joseph to go and Joseph went. - -# his favorite son - -This phase refers to a social relationship—the favorite son who was born to him. This could be translated as: “the son he loved more than any of his other children.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) - -# check on - -This means that Joseph is to go and see if everything is all right with his brothers. Some languages might say something like: “to see about his brothers’ well-being.” - -# his brothers - -These were Joseph’s older brothers. - -# were taking care of the flocks - -Since this was several days’ journey away, it may be necessary to say: “who were far away taking care of…” diff --git a/content/08/02.md b/content/08/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index ab0cad1..0000000 --- a/content/08/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# because their father loved him most, and because Joseph had dreamed - -The word **because** connects the two reasons Joseph’s brothers hated him (their father loved him most and Joseph’s dream), with the result (they hated him). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# When Joseph came - -The word **When** indicates the order of events. After Joseph came the brothers took him captive and sold him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) - -# came to his brothers - -Another way this could be translated is: “reached the place where his brothers were.” - -# took him captive - -They took him against his will. It was not right for them to do this. - -# slave traders - -These were people who made a business of buying people from one owner and selling them as slaves to another owner. diff --git a/content/08/03.md b/content/08/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index 01961cc..0000000 --- a/content/08/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# Before Joseph’s brothers returned home - -The connecting word **Before** indicates the order of events. Joseph’s brothers tore his robe and dipped it in blood. Then they returned home. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) - -# goat’s blood - -This connects the blood with the goat, of which it was a part. The brothers wanted Jacob to think that the blood on the clothes was Joseph’s blood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) - -# so he would think that a wild animal - -The connecting word **so** connects the reason (showing Jacob the torn robe dipped in blood), with the desired result (Jacob thinking a wild animal killed Joseph). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) diff --git a/content/08/04.md b/content/08/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index fe5bca2..0000000 --- a/content/08/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# Egypt was a large, powerful country located along the Nile River. - -This is background information about the country of Egypt where the slave traders took Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# a wealthy government official - -This was a person who was part of the Egyptian government. Another way to say this would be: “a leader in Egypt’s government.” - -# Joseph served his master well, and God blessed Joseph. - -The connecting word **and** indicates two events that happened when Joseph became a slave. There is no indication of cause and effect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) diff --git a/content/08/05.md b/content/08/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1a41749..0000000 --- a/content/08/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# tried to sleep with Joseph - -Another way to say this would be: “tried to seduce Joseph to have sex with her.” To **sleep with** is a way of expressing this in order not to be crude or offensive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) - -# but Joseph refused to sin against God - -The connecting word **but** indicates a contrast. You would expect that when Joseph’s master’s wife tried to sleep with him, Joseph would agree, but instead he did the unexpected and refused. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# sin against God - -It is against God’s law for people to have sex together if they are not married to each other. Joseph did not want to sin by disobeying God’s law. - -# Even in prison - -The connecting word **Even** indicates a contrast. You would expect Joseph to become bitter in prison but, instead, he continued to be faithful and God continued to bless him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# remained faithful to God - -Another way to say this would be: “continued to obey God.” diff --git a/content/08/06.md b/content/08/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index edeb907..0000000 --- a/content/08/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# which is what the Egyptians called their kings - -This is background information about the title, ‘Pharaoh.’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# disturbed him greatly - -This means that the king felt very afraid and confused (because of what he had seen in the dreams). - -# None of his advisors could tell him the meaning of the dreams. - -The interpretation of dreams was important in the ancient Near East. It was seen as possible only through divine power. This can be clearly stated: “God did not enable any of his advisors to tell him the meaning of the dreams..’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# his advisors - -These were men with special powers and knowledge who could sometimes tell what dreams meant. Some translations refer to them as ‘wise men.’ - -# the meaning of the dreams - -People in Egypt believed that dreams were messages from the gods telling them about what would happen in the future. God used Pharaoh’s dreams to tell him what would happen. diff --git a/content/08/07.md b/content/08/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index e548d71..0000000 --- a/content/08/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# God had given Joseph the ability to interpret dreams - -Yahweh gave Joseph the power to interpret dreams in order to bring himself glory and to protect Joseph and the Hebrew people. This can be clearly stated: “God had given Joseph the ability to interpret dreams in order to protect Joseph and the Hebrew people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# to interpret dreams - -To **interpret** is to tell what something means. So Joseph was able to tell people what their dreams meant. - -# had Joseph brought to him - -Another way to say this would be: “ordered his servants to bring Joseph to him.” - -# and said, “God is going to send seven years of plentiful harvests followed by seven years of famine.” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “and told him that God was going to send seven years of plentiful harvests followed by seven years of famine.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# God is going to send - -God will cause the crops to grow well for seven years, and after that he will cause them to produce very little food so that the people and animals will not have enough to eat. - -# famine - -The gardens and fields would produce so little food that people and animals would not have enough to eat. diff --git a/content/08/08.md b/content/08/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index c8c5a2c..0000000 --- a/content/08/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# was so impressed with Joseph - -Pharaoh was amazed by Joseph’s wisdom and felt respect for him; he trusted Joseph to make wise decisions that would benefit the people. It may be clearer to say: “impressed with Joseph’s wisdom.” - -# he appointed him to be the second most powerful man in all of Egypt! - -This is a strong statement that emphasizes how unusual it was for a slave to be so honored by the Pharaoh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# the second most powerful man - -Pharaoh made Joseph a very powerful and important ruler over all of Egypt. Only Pharaoh was more powerful and important than Joseph. diff --git a/content/08/09.md b/content/08/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7820c9f..0000000 --- a/content/08/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# to store up large amounts of food - -From the abundant harvests, they took food to the cities and stored it there. The food then belonged to Pharaoh. - -# famine - -See how you translated this in [08:07](08/07). diff --git a/content/08/10.md b/content/08/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index 97b949a..0000000 --- a/content/08/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# The famine was severe - -The famine was very bad. There was very little food and many people outside of Egypt were starving. - -# Egypt, but also in Canaan - -For some languages, it may be clearer or more natural to say: “the country of Egypt, but also in the land of Canaan.” diff --git a/content/08/11.md b/content/08/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index 84716b0..0000000 --- a/content/08/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# So, Jacob sent his older sons to Egypt to buy food. - -The connecting word **So** connects the result (Jacob send his sons to buy food), with the reason (the famine was bad in Canaan). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# his older sons - -These were Joseph’s older brothers who had sold him into slavery. - -# did not recognize Joseph - -They did not know that the man was Joseph, because now Joseph was much older than when they last saw him, and he was dressed as an Egyptian ruler. - -# But Joseph recognized them. - -The connecting word **But** indicates a contrast relationship. It contrasts Joseph’s brothers not recognizing him with Joseph recognizing them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) diff --git a/content/08/12.md b/content/08/12.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5d391ff..0000000 --- a/content/08/12.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,31 +0,0 @@ -# After testing his brothers - -The connecting word **After** begins a sequential clause. Joseph tested his brothers to see if they had changed and then he revealed who he was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) - -# testing his brothers - -Joseph placed his older brothers in a difficult situation to see if they would protect their youngest brother or treat him as badly as they had treated Joseph. When they protected their youngest brother, Joseph knew they had changed. - -# if they had changed - -Another way to say this would be: “if they were different than they used to be.” Years ago Joseph’s brothers sold him into slavery. Joseph wanted to find out if they would now do what was right. - -# I am your brother, Joseph! - -This is a strong statement that Joseph was indeed their brother, even though he knew they would find it very difficut to believe that. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# Do not be afraid - -Joseph gave this command to his brothers who were afraid because they had greatly wronged Joseph. Now, as a great ruler, he had the power to punish them. Joseph could refuse to sell them food, or could even put them in prison or kill them. Another way to say this would be: “You do not need to fear any punishment from me.” - -# but God used the evil for good! - -The connecting word **but** contrasts Joseph’s brother’s desire to do evil to God’s using it for good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# God used the evil for good! - -This is a strong statement, because it is surprising that God was able to cause good to happen from the evil thing the brothers did to Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# evil for good - -Joseph’s brothers did an evil thing when they sold Joseph as a slave and he was taken to Egypt. But God allowed this so that Joseph could save thousands of people, including his own family, from starving during the famine. This was a very good thing. diff --git a/content/08/14.md b/content/08/14.md deleted file mode 100644 index fb20258..0000000 --- a/content/08/14.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# Even though Jacob was an old man, he moved to Egypt - -Egypt was a great distance away from Canaan, and it would have been difficult for an elderly man to walk or ride a cart that far. - -# Before Jacob died - -Jacob died in Egypt. He did not get to return to Canaan, the land God had promised to give to him and his descendants. diff --git a/content/08/15.md b/content/08/15.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5569805..0000000 --- a/content/08/15.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# The covenant promises - -Long ago God made an agreement with Abraham and promised him that he would give him many descendants; they would possess the land of Canaan and become a great nation. God also promised that all peoples would be blessed through Abraham’s line (See: [07:10](07/10)). - -# were passed on to - -Other ways to say this are: “passed down to” or “given to” or “applied to.” God’s promise to Abraham was also for Abraham’s children, grandchildren and all the rest of his descendants (See: [06:04](06/04)). - -# the 12 tribes of Israel - -God had promised Abraham, Isaac and Jacob that their descendants would become a great nation. God later changed Jacob’s name to Israel. The descendants of Jacob’s 12 sons became 12 great tribes. These 12 tribes made up the ancient nation called Israel, which was named by Jacob’s new name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -# 12 - -This could also be written in words: “twelve.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/09/00.md b/content/09/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index f99627e..0000000 --- a/content/09/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# God Calls Moses - -This title can also be translated as: “About how God called Moses to work for him” or “How did God call Moses to work for him?” diff --git a/content/09/01.md b/content/09/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 093b677..0000000 --- a/content/09/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# After Joseph died - -This begins a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# his relatives - -This refers to a social relationship—all the people who were related to him by birth or marriage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) - -# They were called the Israelites - -The people group that descended from Jacob was called ‘Israel,’ which is the name that God gave to Jacob. The people from that group were called **Israelites**. diff --git a/content/09/02.md b/content/09/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0107a1b..0000000 --- a/content/09/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -# After hundreds of years - -This begins a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# Israelites - -‘Israelite people’ or ‘people of Israel’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -# Egyptians - -‘Egyptian people’ or ‘people of Egypt’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - -# because there were so many of them - -The connecting word **because** connects the action (the Egyptians being afraid) with the reason (there were so many Isrealites). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# Pharaoh - -**Pharaoh** is an Egyptian word that refers to their king. This Pharaoh was probably the son of a former Pharaoh who had died, who may have been a descendant of the Pharaoh that Joseph knew. - -# who was ruling Egypt at that time - -This is background information about the ruler who was Pharaoh at that time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# made the Israelites slaves - -This could mean ‘forced the Israelites to do hard labor against their will and treated them very harshly.’ diff --git a/content/09/03.md b/content/09/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7c04d37..0000000 --- a/content/09/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# made their lives miserable - -This means that they suffered terribly because of how harshly they were treated and how hard they were forced to work. They also felt very discouraged. - -# God blessed them - -God took care of them, helping them endure the severe treatment and even caused them to become more numerous by giving them many children. diff --git a/content/09/04.md b/content/09/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0bd3dd8..0000000 --- a/content/09/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# saw - -Other ways to say this are: “realized” or “knew.” - -# so he ordered his people to kill - -The connecting word **so** connects the result (Pharaoh ordered the people to kill all the Israelite boys), with the reason. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) diff --git a/content/09/05.md b/content/09/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index f73fc4f..0000000 --- a/content/09/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# as long as she could - -She hid the baby from the Egyptians until it became too difficult to keep him safely hidden in her home. diff --git a/content/09/06.md b/content/09/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7397f85..0000000 --- a/content/09/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# reeds - -A **reed** is a type of tall grass that grew in flat, wet areas. Use a similar word in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) diff --git a/content/09/07.md b/content/09/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1a22eb5..0000000 --- a/content/09/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# took him as her own son - -She was a princess. When she made him her son, he became a prince of Egypt. - -# to nurse him - -Another way to say this would be: “to breastfeed him.” diff --git a/content/09/08.md b/content/09/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index a252035..0000000 --- a/content/09/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# had grown up - -Another way to say this would be: “had grown into a man.” - -# his fellow Israelite - -This phrase refers to the Israelite slave. The word **fellow** here indicates that Moses was also an Israelite. Although the daughter of the Egyptian Pharaoh raised Moses, Moses remembered that he was really an Israelite. diff --git a/content/09/10.md b/content/09/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9455265..0000000 --- a/content/09/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# but Moses fled from Egypt - -The connecting word **But** contrasts Pharaoh trying to kill Moses with Moses escaping into the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# the wilderness - -The wilderness was a large area that was rocky and dry. The land there was not good for growing food and few people lived there. diff --git a/content/09/11.md b/content/09/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index 320d56b..0000000 --- a/content/09/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# the wilderness - -See how you translated this in [09:10](09/10). diff --git a/content/09/12.md b/content/09/12.md deleted file mode 100644 index 627092c..0000000 --- a/content/09/12.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -# taking care of his father-in-law’s flock of sheep - -This means he was doing the work of a shepherd to guide the sheep to grass and water, and to protect them. It could be translated as: “tending the sheep that belonged to his father-in-law.” - -# flock of sheep - -A **flock of sheep** is a large group of sheep that are owned by someone. Use a similar word in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) - -# a bush on fire, burning without being destroyed - -God made the bush full of fire, but the fire did not damage the bush. - -# God spoke to him - -This could be translated as: “God said out loud.” Moses heard God speak, but he did not see God. - -# God spoke to him and said, “Moses, take off your shoes. You are standing on holy ground.” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God told Moses to take off his shoes, because he was standing on holy ground.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# take off your shoes - -God wanted him to take off his shoes to show that he greatly respected God. To make clear the reason for this, you could say: “take off your shoes, because you are on holy ground.” - -# holy ground - -It was holy in the sense that God set it apart from the ordinary land and made it to be a special place where He would reveal Himself. diff --git a/content/09/13.md b/content/09/13.md deleted file mode 100644 index 35d82ed..0000000 --- a/content/09/13.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# the suffering of my people - -This could be translated as: “the very harsh treatment that my people are experiencing.” Some languages might translate this as: “how the Egyptians are giving my people terrible pain.” - -# my people - -This refers to the Israelites. God had made a covenant with Abraham and his descendants that he would bless them and make them into a great nation. Through this covenant, the Israelites became God’s own people. - -# so that you can bring the Israelites - -The connecting words **so that** connect the result (Moses bringing the Israelites out of their slavery), and the reason (God has seen their suffering). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# can bring the Israelites out of their slavery in Egypt - -This can be translated as: “can set the Israelites free from being slaves in Egypt” or “can bring the Israelites out of Egypt where they are now slaves.” diff --git a/content/09/14.md b/content/09/14.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4f23b15..0000000 --- a/content/09/14.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -# the people - -See **my people** in [09:13](09/13). - -# I AM WHO I AM - -This description shows that God can only be defined by himself, not by anything else that we know of, and he cannot be compared to anyone else. - -# Tell them, ‘I AM has sent me to you.’ - -This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “Tell them that I AM has sent you to them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) - -# I AM - -This name emphasizes that God is the only one who has always lived and always will live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) - -# Also tell them, ‘I am Yahweh, the God of your ancestors Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.’ - -This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “Also tell them that I am Yahweh, the God of your ancestors Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) - -# Yahweh - -The name **Yahweh** means ‘HE IS’ and expresses that God exists by his own power—no one created him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) - -# my name - -The name that God told Moses and all of Israel to use for him is ‘Yahweh,’ which is related to ‘I AM’ and appears to mean ‘HE IS.’ diff --git a/content/09/15.md b/content/09/15.md deleted file mode 100644 index d0ab328..0000000 --- a/content/09/15.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# was afraid and did not want to go - -Moses knew that Pharaoh wanted to kill him, and he did not believe that he could do what God wanted him to do. - -# so God sent Moses’ brother - -The connecting word **so** connects the result (God sent Aaron to help Moses), and the reason (Moses thought he could not speak well). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# Moses’ brother, Aaron - -Aaron was Moses’ actual brother from his Israelite mother and father. Aaron would have been at least several years older than Moses. - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/10/00.md b/content/10/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2bf0dfc..0000000 --- a/content/10/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# The Ten Plagues - -This title can also be translated as: “About how God made the Egyptians suffer with the Ten Plagues” or “What happened when God made the Egyptians suffer from the ten plagues?” diff --git a/content/10/01.md b/content/10/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4d704f0..0000000 --- a/content/10/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,39 +0,0 @@ -# stubborn - -This means the Pharaoh would refuse to obey God. You may also want to add: “stubborn and refuse to listen (or obey).” - -# to Pharaoh - -It may be clearer to say: “to Pharaoh’s palace to talk to him.” - -# This is what the God of Israel says, ‘Let my people go!’ - -This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “The God of Israel says to let his people go!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) - -# the God of Israel - -This could be translated as: “God, who chose the Israelites to be his people” or “God, who rules the people of Israel” or “the God whom the Israelites worship.” - -# Let my people go! - -Other ways to say this are: “Allow my people to go free!” or “Free my people to leave Egypt!” - -# my people - -See **my people** in [09:13](09/13). - -# But Pharaoh did not listen - -The connecting word **But** connects what Moses and Aaron said God told Pharaoh to do (let his people go), with what he did (he did not listen to them). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# listen to - -This could be translated as: “heed” or “obey.” - -# Instead of letting the Israelites go free - -The connecting word **Instead** connects what Moses and Aaron told Pharaoh to do (listen to God and let his people go), with what Pharaoh did (make them work harder). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# he forced them to work even harder! - -This is a strong statement that Pharaoh not only did not free the Israelites, he made their lives even harder! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) diff --git a/content/10/02.md b/content/10/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index f942698..0000000 --- a/content/10/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# the people - -This refers to the people of Israel, also called ‘the Israelites.’ - -# so God sent - -The connecting word **so** connects the cause (Pharaoh made the Israelites work harder instead of letting them go), with the result (God sent ten terrible plagues on Egypt). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# ten terrible plagues - -A plague is something very bad or terrible that happens to someone or something. A plague usually refers to something that affects many people or happens over a large geographic area. Another word for **plague** would be ‘disaster.’ - -# all of Egypt’s gods - -It may be more clear to say: “all the gods that the Egyptian people worshiped.” The people of Egypt worshiped many different false gods. Some of these false gods did not exist. Other false gods that they worshiped were actually demons. Demons are not as powerful as the God of Israel. diff --git a/content/10/03.md b/content/10/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9640d1f..0000000 --- a/content/10/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# turned the Nile River into blood - -Some languages may need to say: “turned the water in the Nile River into blood.” There was blood in the river instead of water, so the fish died and the people had no water to drink. - -# but Pharaoh still - -The connecting word **but** contrasts God turning the river to blood with Pharoah not letting the Israelites go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) diff --git a/content/10/04.md b/content/10/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 58aec0f..0000000 --- a/content/10/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# God sent frogs all over Egypt - -This could be translated as: “God caused many frogs to appear throughout Egypt.” - -# hardened his heart - -He became stubborn again and refused to obey God. Here **hardened** is a synecdoche that refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart were hard. Alternate translation: “will cause Pharaoh to be stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/content/10/05.md b/content/10/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index ce075e0..0000000 --- a/content/10/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# God sent a plague - -This could be translated as: “God caused there to be a plague” or “God caused a plague (of gnats) to come over the land of Egypt.” - -# gnats - -These were tiny, biting insects flying in large swarms, annoying and landing on all the people and animals of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) - -# flies - -These were much bigger flying insects that were both annoying and destructive. There were so many of these flies that they covered everything, even filling the Egyptians’ houses. - -# hardened his heart - -See note in [10:04](10/04). diff --git a/content/10/06.md b/content/10/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8262adc..0000000 --- a/content/10/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# farm animals - -This refers to large animals that the Egyptians used to help them in their work, such as horses, donkeys, camels, cattle, sheep, and goats. - -# heart was hardened - -See note in [10:04](10/04). diff --git a/content/10/07.md b/content/10/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index fbe72a6..0000000 --- a/content/10/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# God hardened Pharaoh’s heart - -God caused Pharaoh to continue to be stubborn. See also note in [10:04](10/04). diff --git a/content/10/08.md b/content/10/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index b79f87f..0000000 --- a/content/10/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# After that - -This refers to after God caused the painful sores to appear on the Egyptians’ skin. - -# God sent hail - -God caused hail to fall from the sky. - -# hail - -Hail is like chunks of ice that fall down from the clouds as rain does. These chunks can be very small or very large. The larger ones will hurt or kill whatever they fall on. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) - -# Pharaoh called Moses and Aaron and told them, “I have sinned. You may go.” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Pharaoh called Moses and Aaron and told them that he had sinned, and said that they could go.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# You may go - -The word **You** refers to Moses, Aaron, and the Israelites. diff --git a/content/10/09.md b/content/10/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index 11bf10f..0000000 --- a/content/10/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# hardened his heart - -See note in [10:04](10/04). diff --git a/content/10/10.md b/content/10/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index d7f0c25..0000000 --- a/content/10/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# swarms of locusts - -Locusts are grasshoppers that fly together in swarms, or large groups, and that can destroy large areas of all kinds of plants and food crops by eating them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) - -# the hail - -Hail is like chunks of ice that fall down from the clouds as rain does. diff --git a/content/10/11.md b/content/10/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9601657..0000000 --- a/content/10/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# God sent darkness - -God caused darkness to cover or spread over most of Egypt. In other words, God took away the light from this part of Egypt. - -# that lasted for three days - -This darkness was darker than ordinary nighttime darkness, and it continued to be totally dark for three whole days. diff --git a/content/10/12.md b/content/10/12.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5f50b6f..0000000 --- a/content/10/12.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# these nine plagues - -This means: ‘these nine disasters that God had caused.’ - -# Since Pharaoh would not listen, God planned to send one last plague. This would change Pharaoh’s mind. - -The connecting word **Since** connects the action (God sending one last plague), with the reason (Pharaoh refused to let the Israelites go free). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# Since Pharaoh would not listen - -This could be translated as: “Since Pharaoh would not do what God was telling him to do” or “Since Pharaoh refused to obey God.” - -# This would change Pharaoh’s mind - -Another way to say this would be: “This last plague would cause Pharaoh to change how he thought about God and, as a result, he would let the Israelites go free.” - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/11/00.md b/content/11/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1e8086b..0000000 --- a/content/11/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# The Passover - -This title can also be translated as: “About how God made the Passover festival” or “Why did God make the Passover festival?” - -# Passover - -The term **Passover** is the name of a Jewish festival when they celebrate that God passed over their houses and did not kill their firstborn sons when he killed the Egyptians. diff --git a/content/11/01.md b/content/11/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 45df223..0000000 --- a/content/11/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# the firstborn males of Egypt’s people and animals - -This could be translated as: “the eldest son in every Egyptian family and the first male offspring of any of their animals.” diff --git a/content/11/02.md b/content/11/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 62ea156..0000000 --- a/content/11/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# God provided - -God is the only one who could provide the way to save the Israelites’ sons from death. - -# to save the firstborn son of anyone who believed in him - -This can be stated in active form: “for those who believed in him to save their firstborn son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -# a perfect lamb - -This could mean ‘a young sheep or goat that had no blemishes or defects.’ diff --git a/content/11/03.md b/content/11/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index 547d84a..0000000 --- a/content/11/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# unleavened bread - -**Unleavened bread** is bread that is prepared without yeast. Yeast is mixed into bread dough to make the dough expand and rise as it bakes. This could be translated as: “made without something that would make it rise.” Making bread with yeast takes longer than without it, so unleavened bread shows that this meal was urgent and the people needed to do it quickly. - -# be ready to leave Egypt immediately after they ate this meal - -This means they needed to be prepared to leave before they started to eat. diff --git a/content/11/04.md b/content/11/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6d4596d..0000000 --- a/content/11/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# every firstborn son - -This means every firstborn son of families who had not made the blood sacrifice, that is, the Egyptians. To make this clear you may want to add: “Every Egyptian firstborn son” (since all the Israelite families had put the blood on their doorposts). diff --git a/content/11/05.md b/content/11/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index a88fa2a..0000000 --- a/content/11/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# passed over - -This means that God passed by those houses and did not stop to kill anyone there. This phrase became the name of the Jewish festival, ‘Passover.’ - -# They were saved - -God did not kill their firstborn son. - -# because of the lamb’s blood - -This could be translated as: “because the lamb’s blood was on their door.” God saw that they had killed their lamb as he had commanded, so he did not kill their son. diff --git a/content/11/06.md b/content/11/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2472d01..0000000 --- a/content/11/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# did not believe God or obey his commands - -In some languages it may be more natural or clear to say: “did not believe God and so they did not obey his commands.” - -# did not pass over - -He did not pass by their houses. Rather, he stopped at each house and killed their eldest son. diff --git a/content/11/07.md b/content/11/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index ad8a228..0000000 --- a/content/11/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# from the firstborn of the prisoner in jail to the firstborn of Pharaoh - -This is a way of saying that everyone’s firstborn son died–from the son of the least important person to the son of the most important person, and everyone in between. diff --git a/content/11/08.md b/content/11/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index f3666af..0000000 --- a/content/11/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# called for - -This means that Pharaoh told his servants to tell Moses and Aaron to come to him. - -# and said - -Pharaoh said the following words to Moses and Aaron after they came to him. In some languages this would be translated as: “and said to them,” or “After they came, Pharaoh said to them.” - -# and said, “Take the Israelites and leave Egypt immediately!” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “and told them to take the Israelites and leave Egypt immediately!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# Take the Israelites and leave Egypt immediately! - -This is a command. It is stated as an exclamation because Pharaoh was finally afraid of God and urgently wanted the Israelites to leave Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# Take - -The motion is away from the speaker, Pharaoh. Moses is commanded to take the Israelites away from Pharoah and continue moving with them until they have left all of Egypt, the country where the speaker is located. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/12/00.md b/content/12/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index 848edec..0000000 --- a/content/12/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# The Exodus - -This title can also be translated as: “About what happened when the Israelites left Egypt” or “What happened when God took the Israelites out of Egypt?” or “What happened when the Israelites left Egypt?” - -# Exodus - -The term **Exodus** means ‘leaving’ or ‘going out from.’ diff --git a/content/12/01.md b/content/12/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 74e85aa..0000000 --- a/content/12/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# They were no longer slaves - -This could be translated as: “They were not slaves anymore.” - -# were going - -Some languages may use a more specific word like ‘traveling’ since they would be going a long distance to the Promised Land. - -# the Promised Land - -This is the land that God had promised that he would give to Abraham’s descendants. diff --git a/content/12/02.md b/content/12/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index afa2b4a..0000000 --- a/content/12/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# A tall pillar of cloud - -This could be translated as: “A tall cloud” or “A cloud shaped like a pillar.” This was not an actual pillar such as something that supports a building. In appearance it resembled a pillar, but it was made out of clouds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -# a tall pillar of fire - -This was a column of fire that hung or floated in the air in front of the Israelites. This was not an actual pillar such as something that supports a building. It resembled a pillar in appearance, but it was made out of fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -# guided them - -God showed them the way by making the pillar move along in front of them so they could follow it. diff --git a/content/12/03.md b/content/12/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index 59c0733..0000000 --- a/content/12/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# After a short time - -Probably at least two days had gone by. For that to be clear, it may be translated as: “After a few days” or “A few days after the Israelites left Egypt.” - -# changed their minds - -This phrase means ‘began to think differently than they had before.’ The Egyptians did not replace their minds, but made a decision that was not the same as the one they first made. They decided the Israelites should leave, but later decided that was the wrong choice and that they should have kept the Israelites as slaves. Some languages may not have this same expression, and will express the meaning in a direct way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -# So they - -The connecting word **So** connects the result (the Egyptians chased after the Israelites), with the reason (the Egyptians wanted the Israelites to be their slaves again). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) diff --git a/content/12/04.md b/content/12/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index b9fedd7..0000000 --- a/content/12/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# they were trapped between Pharaoh’s army and the Red Sea - -Another way to say this would be: “there was nowhere they could go to escape since the Egyptians were behind them and the Red Sea was in front of them.” - -# Why did we leave Egypt? - -The Israelites were not asking for reasons. Because they were afraid, in this moment they were wishing they had not left Egypt (even though it had been very difficult for them there). This could be a statement: “We should not have left Egypt!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -# We are going to die! - -This is a strong statement that expresses their certainty that the Egyptians would kill them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) diff --git a/content/12/05.md b/content/12/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index b7aeaec..0000000 --- a/content/12/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# Stop being afraid! - -This is both a command and also an exclamation. Moses was telling the people in very strong terms that they were wrong to be afraid, rather than trusting God to protect them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# God will fight for you today and save you - -Another way to say this would be: “Today God will defeat the Egyptians for you and keep them from harming you.” - -# fight for you today and save you - -Both occurrences of the pronoun **you** refers to all the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) - -# Then God told Moses, “Tell the people to move toward the Red Sea.” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Then God told Moses to tell the people to move toward the Red Sea.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# to move - -Some languages will be more specific and say: “to walk.” diff --git a/content/12/06.md b/content/12/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 43dc860..0000000 --- a/content/12/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# Then the pillar of cloud moved - -The connecting word **Then** connects God’s instructions that the Israelites are to move forward with the pillar of cloud moving behind them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) - -# the pillar of cloud - -See how you translated this phrase in [12:02](12/02). diff --git a/content/12/07.md b/content/12/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index 90e8a0e..0000000 --- a/content/12/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# raise his hand over the sea - -This could be translated as: “held out his hand over the sea.” This was a gesture to show that God was doing this miracle through Moses. - -# Then God caused - -The connecting word **Then** connects Moses’ action of obedience in raising his hand over the sea with the result (God caused the wind to blow). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# so that - -The connecting words **so that** connect the wind blowing with the effect (the path through the sea for the Israelites). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) diff --git a/content/12/08.md b/content/12/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index 90b6517..0000000 --- a/content/12/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# marched - -This can be translated as: “walked” or “went.” - -# with a wall of water on either side of them - -This could be translated as: “and the water on both sides of them stood up tall and straight like a wall.” diff --git a/content/12/10.md b/content/12/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index aac0a45..0000000 --- a/content/12/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -# So they followed the Israelites - -The connecting word **So** connects the result (the Egyptians followed the Israelites in to the sea), with the cause (God removed the cloud). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# the path through the sea - -This was the dry strip of land across the bottom of the sea, with a wall of water on each side. - -# but God - -The connecting word **but** contrasts the movement of the Israelites God caused by opening the path, with the lack of movement of the Egyptians God caused with their panic and chariots becoming stuck. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# to panic - -This could be translated as: “to get fearful and confused.” - -# to get stuck - -The chariots could no longer move. - -# Run away! - -This is both a command and also an exclamation. The Egyptians were so afraid when they realized that they were in great danger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# God is fighting for the Israelites! - -This exclamation emphasizes the fear of the Egyptians when they realized that God had led them into a trap in the sea, and they were going to drown. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) diff --git a/content/12/11.md b/content/12/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index ca24372..0000000 --- a/content/12/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# to stretch out his hand again - -This could be translated as: “lift his hand over the sea again” or, as a direct command, as in, “God told Moses, ‘Stretch out your hand again.’” - -# Then God - -The connecting word **Then** connects the action (the Israelites arriving safely on the other side of the Sea) with God’s instructions to Moses to close the path through the sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) - -# returned to its normal place - -This could be translated as: “covered the place again where the path had been,” or “filled the whole sea again” or “went back to where it was before God separated it.” - -# The whole Egyptian army - -This could be translated as: “everyone in Egypt’s army.” diff --git a/content/12/12.md b/content/12/12.md deleted file mode 100644 index d560306..0000000 --- a/content/12/12.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# When the Israelites saw - -The connecting word **When** connects the cause (God’s destruction of the Egyptian army), with the effect (the Israelites trusted God). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# trusted in God - -In other words, the people now trusted that God was powerful and could protect them. diff --git a/content/12/13.md b/content/12/13.md deleted file mode 100644 index c56f196..0000000 --- a/content/12/13.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# rejoiced very much - -This could be translated as: “were very happy and they showed it enthusiastically” or “showed it with their whole hearts” or “with all their strength.” - -# because God had saved them - -The connecting word **because** connects the result (the Israelites rejoiced), with the cause (God saved them). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# free to worship - -God freed, or rescued, the Israelites from being slaves in Egypt so that they could serve him. - -# to praise God - -In some languages this could be translated as: “to lift up God’s name” or “to say that God is great.” diff --git a/content/12/14.md b/content/12/14.md deleted file mode 100644 index 32f31b9..0000000 --- a/content/12/14.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# in order to - -The connecting words **in order to** indicate the goal or purpose of the festival (to remind the Israelites and their descendants of how God had delivered them). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]]) - -# remember how God had defeated - -This could be translated as: “regularly remind themselves of how God defeated.” The word **remember** here doesn’t just mean to not forget; it also means to formally commemorate something. - -# the Passover - -This could be translated as: “the Passover activities” or “the Passover celebration” or “the Passover meal.” - -# healthy lamb - -This here refers to a lamb with no disease or anything else wrong with it. Another way to say this might be “a completely healthy and well-formed lamb.” - -# with bread made without yeast - -Another way to say this is: “unleavened bread.” See how you translated this in [11:03](11/03). - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/13/00.md b/content/13/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index 48ea5f9..0000000 --- a/content/13/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# God’s Covenant with Israel - -This title can also be translated as: “About how God made a covenant with Israel” or “How did God make a covenant with Israel?” diff --git a/content/13/01.md b/content/13/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 33c8bc5..0000000 --- a/content/13/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# After God led the Israelites through the Red Sea - -This begins a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# This was the same mountain where Moses had seen the burning bush - -This is background information about the mountain to which the Israelites traveled. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# burning bush - -Before Moses returned to Egypt, God had spoken to him from a shrub that was on fire, but that was not burned up by the fire (See: [09:12](09/12)). - -# set up their tents - -The Israelites had to travel a great distance from Egypt to the Promised Land. So they took tents with them so that they could set them up as shelters and sleep in them along the way. Some languages could translate this as: “hung their tents.” - -# the base of the mountain - -This could be translated as: “bottom of the mountain.” This refers to the area of land that is located next to the place where the ground starts to slant upward to form a mountain. diff --git a/content/13/02.md b/content/13/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index f91a234..0000000 --- a/content/13/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# You must always obey me and keep the covenant I am making with you. - -This is a direct command from God to all of the Israelites. - -# keep the covenant I am making with you - -This could be translated as: “do what my covenant requires you to do.” Obeying and keeping the covenant are not two different things. One way to make this clear would be to say: “obey me by keeping the covenant I am making with you.” God will soon tell them what his covenant requires. - -# If you do this - -The connecting word **If** introduces a conditional statement. The blessings are dependent on the Israelites obeying the commandments God had given. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]]) - -# my prized possession - -This could be translated as: “You will be my possession that I value most” or “You will be the people that I treasure more than any other group of people” or “You will be my own precious people.” - -# a kingdom of priests - -God speaks of his people as if they were priests. Alternate translation: “a kingdom of people who are like priests” or “a kingdom of people who do what priests do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -# a kingdom of priests, and a holy nation - -This could be translated as: “I will be your king and you will be like priests.” The Israelites were supposed to teach the other nations about God and be a mediator between God and the nations just as there were priests in the nation of Israel to go between God and the Israelites. diff --git a/content/13/03.md b/content/13/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index 61d3b77..0000000 --- a/content/13/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# For three days - -In other words, three days after they arrived at Mount Sinai and God first spoke to them. - -# made themselves ready for God to come near to them - -This refers to ceremonial cleansing in preparation to meet with God. This could be translated as: “got ready to meet with God” or “prepared themselves to meet with God.” - -# sounds of loud trumpets - -This could be translated as: “loud sounds came from horns” or “horns were blown and they made loud sounds” or “they heard the loud sounds of horns blowing.” These trumpets were not blown by men, but by God or by his angels. - -# Moses went by himself - -This could be translated as: “God permitted Moses to go up, but he did not permit anyone else to go.” diff --git a/content/13/04.md b/content/13/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 02e2198..0000000 --- a/content/13/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# Then God made a covenant with the people. He said, - -What God says next is the content of the covenant, that is, he tells the people the things that they must obey. This could be translated as: “Then God made this covenant with them:” - -# Yahweh, your God - -In some languages it might be more natural to change the order and say “your God Yahweh.” Make sure it does not sound like the Israelites had more than one God. It should be clear that Yahweh is the only God. Another way to translate this would be: “Yahweh, who is your God” or “your God, whose name is Yahweh.” - -# who saved you from being slaves - -This could be translated as: “I freed you from slavery.” - -# Do not worship any other god. - -This is a command from God to all of the Israelites. diff --git a/content/13/05.md b/content/13/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0e92046..0000000 --- a/content/13/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,35 +0,0 @@ -# Connecting Statement - -God continues speaking to Moses. - -# Do not make idols - -This is a command from God to all of the Israelites. - -# do not worship them - -This is a command from God to all of the Israelites. - -# because - -The connecting word **because** indicates the reason the Israelites were not to make idols or worship them (unlike other deities who did not care if people worshiped many other gods too, Yahweh was jealous of their worship). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# Do not use my name in a disrespectful way - -This is a command from God to all of the Israelites. This could be translated as: “Do not talk about me in a way that does not show respect and honor” or “Talk about me in a way that gives me proper respect and honor.” - -# Be sure to keep the Sabbath day holy - -This is a command from God to all of the Israelites. - -# do all your work in six days - -This is a command from God to all of the Israelites. - -# the seventh day - -To translate this, it is best to use the number (**seventh**) rather than give the name of a specific day of the week. - -# to remember me - -This could be translated as: “to keep me in mind” or “to honor me.” diff --git a/content/13/06.md b/content/13/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9b7665d..0000000 --- a/content/13/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# Connecting Statement - -God continues speaking to Moses. - -# Honor your father and your mother - -This is a command from God to all of the Israelites. - -# Do not murder - -This is a command from God to all of the Israelites. - -# Do not commit adultery - -This is a command from God to all of the Israelites. This could be translated as: “Do not have sexual relations with someone else’s spouse” or “Do not have marital relations with another man’s wife or another woman’s husband.” Be sure to translate this in a way that doesn’t offend or embarrass people. Languages often have an indirect, polite way of saying this, such as: “Do not sleep with.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) - -# Do not lie - -This means: ‘Do not say false things about other people.’ diff --git a/content/13/07.md b/content/13/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index a6e6f36..0000000 --- a/content/13/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# had given them - -This could be translated as: “had told them to obey.” - -# to belong to God alone - -From among all the nations, God had chosen the Israelites for his special purpose. This could be translated as: “to be his special nation” or “to be his own people” or “to be the nation he chose to be his people.” diff --git a/content/13/08.md b/content/13/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7885a21..0000000 --- a/content/13/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# make a large tent - -This is background information about the tent the Israelites were to make as a place to worship God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# the room behind the curtain - -This room was hidden by the curtain. Some languages would call this room ‘the room in front of the curtain.’ - -# where God was - -If this phrase would lead people to think that God was limited to living in the tent, it could be translated as: “where God revealed Himself to humans.” diff --git a/content/13/09.md b/content/13/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1709091..0000000 --- a/content/13/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# God’s law - -This refers to all the commandments and instructions that God had told the Israelites to obey. - -# would cover that person’s sin - -When people brought animals to sacrifice, God chose to see the blood of the animals as a covering over their sin. This is like hiding something that is ugly or dirty by covering it. - -# clean in God’s sight - -This could be translated as: “as if he did not have the sin according to God” or “free of the punishment for breaking God’s law.” diff --git a/content/13/10.md b/content/13/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5356f96..0000000 --- a/content/13/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -# these Ten Commandments - -This refers to the commands God gave to Moses for the Israelites to obey. They are listed in frames [13:05](13/05) and [13:06](13/06). - -# two stone tablets - -A tablet was a flat piece of stone or other hard material used in ancient times for writing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) - -# God also gave - -This can be translated as: “God also told them.” - -# to follow - -This can be translated as: “that they must obey” or “that they must keep.” - -# if they obeyed - -The connecting word **if** indicates a hypothetical conditional relationship. God’s blessing depends on the Israelites obeying the laws. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]]) - -# But he said he would punish - -The connecting word **But** contrasts how God would bless the Israelites if they obeyed him with how he would punish them if they did not obey him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# if they did not obey - -The connecting word **if** indicates a hypothetical conditional relationship. God would punish the Israelites if they did not obey the laws. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]]) diff --git a/content/13/11.md b/content/13/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index 963efd5..0000000 --- a/content/13/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# the people became tired of waiting - -This could be translated as: “the people became impatient because he did not return quickly” or “the people didn’t want to wait any longer for him to return.” - -# the people - -This does not mean all the Israelite people, just the people who had grown tired of waiting for Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) - -# brought gold - -These were objects and jewelry made of gold, which could be melted and formed into other things. - -# they sinned terribly against God - -They sinned in a way that was especially offensive to God. This could be translated as: “they sinned badly,” or “they did something that was very bad” or “they did something bad that made God very angry.” diff --git a/content/13/12.md b/content/13/12.md deleted file mode 100644 index e3eb570..0000000 --- a/content/13/12.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# made a golden idol - -Aaron took the things made of gold that the people had brought to him, melted them, combined them, and formed them into the shape of a calf. - -# The people began to wildly worship the idol and make sacrifices to it! - -This is a strong statement that expresses how shocking it was that the people would worship this idol when they had seen what God had done for them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# to wildly worship - -The people were sinning by worshiping the idol and also by doing sinful things as they worshiped it. - -# because - -God had just told the Israelites that they were only to worship him because he was a jealous God, and if they did not obey they would be punished. For these reasons, God was very angry with the Israelites because of their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# listened to his prayer - -God always hears prayer. In this situation, **listened** means that God agreed to do what Moses asked. diff --git a/content/13/13.md b/content/13/13.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8afe42a..0000000 --- a/content/13/13.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# smashed the tablets - -He threw the stone tablets down on the ground and they broke up into little pieces. diff --git a/content/13/14.md b/content/13/14.md deleted file mode 100644 index a78a64a..0000000 --- a/content/13/14.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# burned the idol and ground it into powder - -Moses utterly destroyed the idol by pounding it into fine particles. - -# a plague - -This plague may have been a serious illness. Alternate translation: “Yahweh made the people very sick.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) diff --git a/content/13/15.md b/content/13/15.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8a90d84..0000000 --- a/content/13/15.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# Moses made - -Moses carved the stone tablets with tools such as a hammer and chisel. - -# listened to - -See how you translated this phrase in [13:12](13/12). - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/14/00.md b/content/14/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6c484f0..0000000 --- a/content/14/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# Wandering in the Wilderness - -This title can also be translated as: “About what happened when the Israelites went about in the wilderness” or “What happened when the Israelites wandered in the wilderness?” - -# Wilderness - -This refers to a dry, remote place where very few people live. diff --git a/content/14/01.md b/content/14/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index e232c29..0000000 --- a/content/14/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -This frame is background information that summarizes the previous two stories in preparation for a shift in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# the pillar of cloud - -See how you translated this phrase in [12:02](12/02). diff --git a/content/14/02.md b/content/14/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3703b36..0000000 --- a/content/14/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# God had promised Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob that he would give the Promised Land to their descendants - -This is background information that summarizes the stories of Genesis in preparation for a shift in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# Canaanites - -This frame explains who the Canaanites were and God’s relationship with them in preparation for the introduction of a new major character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) diff --git a/content/14/03.md b/content/14/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index ec97f0d..0000000 --- a/content/14/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# you must get rid of all the Canaanites there - -This is a polite way to say that they were to kill or drive out all the Canaanites out of the Promised Land. This could be translated as: “must get all the Canaanites out of the land” or “must remove from the land all of the Canaanites who are living there.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) - -# Do not make peace with them - -This could be translated as: “Do not live peacefully among or alongside them” or “Do not promise to live peacefully with them.” - -# do not marry them - -God did not want any Israelite person to marry any Canaanite person. - -# If you do not obey me - -The connecting word **If** introduces a hypothetical conditional relationship. If the Israelites do not obey God by driving out the Canaanites, in time they will also disobey God by worshiping the idols of the Canaanites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]]) - -# you will end up worshiping their idols - -If the Israelites became friends with the Canaanites and did not destroy the idols, they would be tempted to worship those idols instead of God. diff --git a/content/14/04.md b/content/14/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2556ed9..0000000 --- a/content/14/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# border - -a line separating two countries, a boundary (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) - -# tribe of Israel - -This refers to the descendants of each of the sons of Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) - -# go and spy - -The Israelites were to go from where they were camped to the land of Canaan and spy in the land of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) - -# spy on the land - -This could be translated as: “secretly get information about the land” or “secretly learn about the land.” Part of the spies’ task was to find out what kinds of food the land could produce. - -# to spy on the Canaanites - -This could be translated as: “secretly get information about the people of Canaan” or “secretly learn about the Canaanites.” - -# to see if they were strong or weak - -They wanted to know if the Canaanites were prepared to fight against them. This could be translated as: “to find out how powerful the Canaanite armies were.” diff --git a/content/14/05.md b/content/14/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8f534b7..0000000 --- a/content/14/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -# they came back - -They returned to where the rest of the Israelites were waiting, just outside the border of Canaan. This can be clearly stated: “they returned to the camp of the Israelites.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# They told the people, “The land is very fertile and the crops are plentiful!” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “They told the people that the land was very fertile and the crops were plentiful!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# The land is very fertile and the crops are plentiful! - -This is a strong statement that emphasizes that the land was extremely good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# The cities are very strong and the people are giants! - -This is a strong statement that emphasizes that the inhabitants of the land were extremely large and powerful soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# The cities are very strong - -The cities had strong walls around them, so it would be very difficult for the Israelites to attack them. - -# the people are giants - -This was not simply referring to unusually tall people, but a particular race of people that were far larger than even the tallest normal people. This could be translated as: “the people are like giants compared to us!” or “the people are much taller and stronger than we are!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) - -# If we attack them, they will certainly defeat us and kill us! - -This is a strong statement that emphasizes that the Israelites were certain the Canaanites would defeat them in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) diff --git a/content/14/06.md b/content/14/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 974b989..0000000 --- a/content/14/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# It is true that the people of Canaan are tall and strong, but we can certainly defeat them! God will fight for us! - -This is a strong statement that even though the people of Canaan were large, God was even bigger and would enable the Israelites to defeat them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# the people of Canaan - -This could be translated as: “the people who live in Canaan” or “the Canaanites.” - -# but we can certainly - -The connecting word **but** indicates that there was an exceptional reason why the Canaanites would be defeated rather than the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]]) - -# we can certainly defeat them! God will fight for us! - -To show the connection between these two statements, it may be necessary to say: “we can certainly defeat them because God will fight for us!” - -# God will fight for us! - -This could be translated as: “God will fight alongside us and help us defeat them!” This makes it clear that the Israelites would also be fighting against the Canaanites. diff --git a/content/14/07.md b/content/14/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1ffc0e2..0000000 --- a/content/14/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# But the people did not listen - -The connecting word **But** indicates that in contrast to Joshua and Caleb’s reasoning, the people refused to listen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# Why did you bring us to this horrible place? - -The people were not expecting an answer from Moses or from God. Alternate translation: “You should not have brought us to this horrible place.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -# this horrible place - -They considered Canaan to be **horrible** because they thought it was so dangerous that they would all be killed. diff --git a/content/14/08.md b/content/14/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index d0e76b0..0000000 --- a/content/14/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# He came to - -God did not appear as a person, but came in some other form that showed his glory and power. - -# so all of you - -The connecting word **so** connects the action or reason with the consequence. The people rebelled against God, and for this reason or as a result, they would have to wander in the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# to wander in the wilderness - -God would lead the people around in the wilderness with no specific destination until all of the adults who rebelled against him died. diff --git a/content/14/09.md b/content/14/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index 82d3b6c..0000000 --- a/content/14/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -# When the people heard God say this - -The connecting word **When** connects the action or reason with the result. As a result of hearing God’s judgment, the people became sorry they had sinned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# they had sinned - -It may be necessary to add: “they had sinned by disobeying God’s command to conquer the peoples of Canaan.” - -# So they decided - -The connecting word **So** connects the action or reason with the result. As a result of being sorry they had sinned, the people of Israel attacked the people of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# Moses warned them not to go - -This means that Moses told them not to go to fight against the Canaanites because they would be in danger if they did that. - -# because God would not go with them - -The connecting word **because** connects the action (Moses warning them) with the reason (God not going with them). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# God would not go with them - -In other words, God would not be with them to help them. Because of the Israelites’ disobedience, God withdrew from them his presence, protection, and power. - -# but they did not listen to him - -They did not obey Moses. They went to attack the Canaanites anyway. The connecting word **but** indicates an exception relationship. The Israelites decided to attack the Canaanites even though Moses had warned them not to do that. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]]) diff --git a/content/14/10.md b/content/14/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9127090..0000000 --- a/content/14/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# God did not go with them into this battle - -In other words, God did not help them in this fight. - -# so the Canaanites defeated them and killed many of them - -The connecting word **so** connects the reason (God did not go with them into this battle), with two results (the Canaanites defeated them, and the Canaanites killed many of them). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# turned back from Canaan - -They left Canaan and went back into the wilderness where they were before. - -# wander through the wilderness - -They lived in the wilderness, and together they moved from place to place in that large, dry land, looking for food and water for themselves and their animals. diff --git a/content/14/11.md b/content/14/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index 294ff0e..0000000 --- a/content/14/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# God provided for them - -This could be translated as: “God gave them everything they needed for food, water, and shelter.” - -# bread from heaven, called manna - -Overnight, this thin, bread-like food fell onto the grass like dew from the sky. They called it **manna**. Almost every day the people gathered this manna and cooked it as their food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) - -# He also sent flocks of quail (which are medium-sized birds) - -Another way to say this would be: “He also caused a large number of quails to fly into their camp.” If quails are unknown, a different, similar type bird could be used. Or it could be translated as: “a large number of medium-sized birds.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) - -# their camp - -The place where the Israelites set up their tents to sleep in was called a **camp**. It was like a city with tents instead of buildings, and it could be moved around. diff --git a/content/14/12.md b/content/14/12.md deleted file mode 100644 index d41f300..0000000 --- a/content/14/12.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# To provide them with water to drink, God miraculously made it come out of a rock. - -This could be translated as: “By doing something that only God can do, he made water pour out of a rock so the people and animals could drink.” - -# But despite all this - -This could be translated as: “But even though God provided food, water, clothing, and everything that they needed.” The connecting word **But** contrasts God’s many gifts that have been listed with Israel’s complaining against God and his servant Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# Even so - -This could be translated as: “Even though the Israelites complained and grumbled against him.” The connecting words **Even so** contrast Israel’s complaining with God’s faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# God was still faithful. He did what he promised that he would do for the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob - -This could be translated as: “God continued to do what he had told Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob he would do. He provided their descendants with what they needed so that they could live and become a great nation and eventually own the land of Canaan.” diff --git a/content/14/13.md b/content/14/13.md deleted file mode 100644 index 67546a5..0000000 --- a/content/14/13.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# Another time when the people did not have any water - -From the previous story, it transitions to another story about when the people did not have water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# God told Moses, “Speak to the rock, and water will come out of it.” - -This is an imperative and a direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God told Moses to speak to the rock, and water will come out of it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# Instead - -The connecting word **Instead** emphasizes the exceptional relationship. Moses disobeyed by hitting the rock even through God himself commanded him to speak to it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]]) - -# he dishonored God - -This could be translated as: “Moses disobeyed God” or “Moses disrespected God.” God had a specific way He wanted Moses to show the people God’s power to provide for them. When Moses disobeyed God by doing it in a different way, he showed a lack of respect for God. - -# Because you did this - -The connecting words **Because you did this** connect the reason (Moses’ disobedience) with the result (God not allowing him to enter the Promise Land). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) diff --git a/content/14/14.md b/content/14/14.md deleted file mode 100644 index e057121..0000000 --- a/content/14/14.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# After the Israelites had wandered in the wilderness for 40 years - -This begins a new event. It transitions from the time of wandering, God’s judgment on Israel, to what lies ahead for their descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# who had rebelled against God - -This could be translated as: “who had refused to obey God when he told them to go into the Promised Land.” - -# the people - -**The people** refers to the children of the generation that died. - -# so God chose - -The connecting word **so** connects the reason (Moses’ old age) with the result (God choosing someone else to lead Israel). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# one day - -This means: ‘some time in the future.’ - -# another prophet like Moses - -Like Moses, this man would be an Israelite, he would speak God’s words to the people, and he would lead the people. diff --git a/content/14/15.md b/content/14/15.md deleted file mode 100644 index 90098a6..0000000 --- a/content/14/15.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# but God did not permit him to enter - -The connecting word **but** introduces the fact that Moses was able to see the Promised Land even though God did not allow him to enter it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]]) - -# mourned for 30 days - -For 30 days all the people of Israel cried and showed that they were very sad that Moses had died. - -# because he trusted and obeyed God. - -The connecting word **because** connects Joshua’s trust in and obedience to God with the result (he was a good leader). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/15/00.md b/content/15/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index 95b05b1..0000000 --- a/content/15/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# The Promised Land - -This title can also be translated as: “About how God gave the Promised Land to the Israelites” or “How did God give the Promised Land to the Israelites?” - -# Promised Land - -This refers to the land of Canaan that God promised to give to Abraham and his descendants. diff --git a/content/15/01.md b/content/15/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index dcf97ca..0000000 --- a/content/15/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -# At last it was time for the Israelites to enter Canaan - -This begins a new event. The Israelites were about to enter into the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# At last it was time for - -‘At last’ means ‘finally’ or ‘after a long wait.’ To make it clear what **time** refers to, you could say: “after they had wandered in the desert for 40 years, God finally permitted…” - -# In that land was a city called Jericho. It had strong walls around it to protect it. Joshua sent two spies to that city. In that city lived a prostitute named Rahab. - -This is background information about the city of Jericho which Israel would attack, and Rahab who would help them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# two spies to that city - -This could be translated as: “two men to that city to find out information about it.” Also see the notes for “spy out the land” in [14:04](14/04). - -# had strong walls around it to protect it - -This could be translated as: “was completely surrounded by thick, strong walls made of stone to protect the city from enemies.” - -# to escape - -It is also possible to add: “escape from people in Jericho who wanted to harm them.” - -# her family - -Rahab asked for protection for her father, mother, brothers, and sisters. Use your word for family that includes these people. diff --git a/content/15/02.md b/content/15/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 07fb1ff..0000000 --- a/content/15/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# God told Joshua, “Have the priests go first.” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God told Joshua to have the priests go first.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# Have the priests go first - -For some languages, it may be helpful to add: “Have the priests go before the rest of the people to cross the river.” - -# the water upstream stopped flowing - -In some languages, it may be helpful to add: “and the water in front of them flowed away downstream.” - -# upstream - -This word refers to the direction from which the Jordan River water flows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) - -# cross over - -This means to pass from one side to another (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) diff --git a/content/15/03.md b/content/15/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index 067c6a5..0000000 --- a/content/15/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# After the people crossed the Jordan River - -The connecting word **After** introduces sequential action. The Israelites obeyed God by passing from one side of the Jordan to the other. Once that was completed, God gave another task for them to do. In some languages, it is better to say: “The people crossed the Jordan River and then…” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) - -# even though it was very strong - -The connecting words **even though** represent a factual condition. The city of Jericho was indeed very strong, so attacking of the city would seem to be an unwise choice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact]]) - -# once a day for six days - -That is, they went around the city one time every day for a total of six days. - -# So the priests and the soldiers did this - -The connecting word **So** connects the result (the priests and soldiers marching), with the reason (God’s command). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) diff --git a/content/15/04.md b/content/15/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9792d9c..0000000 --- a/content/15/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# Then the priests must blow their trumpets - -The connecting word **Then** introduces sequential action. The priests were to blow their trumpets after the Israelites had finished marching around the city seven times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) - -# must blow their trumpets - -This could be translated as: “must sound their trumpets” or “must play their trumpets.” These trumpets were made out of ram’s horns. diff --git a/content/15/05.md b/content/15/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index f3aac40..0000000 --- a/content/15/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# Then the walls around Jericho fell down! - -This is a strong statement. It emphasizes how surprising it was that the strong walls fell down when the Israelites blew the trumpets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# Then the walls around Jericho fell down - -The implication is that God caused the walls to fall. The walls were thick enough to drive chariots upon. People lived inside them. These were not flimsy walls. In order for them to fall, an act of God would have to happen. This could be stated in active form: “Then God caused the walls of Jericho to fall down!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -# Then the walls - -The connecting word **Then** introduces a sequential clause. The Israelites followed all of God’s commands, and then this event happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) - -# who became part of the Israelites - -This can be translated as: “who then joined the Israelite community” or “who then became members of the nation of Israel.” diff --git a/content/15/06.md b/content/15/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 657d9f7..0000000 --- a/content/15/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# a peace treaty - -This is an agreement between two groups of people that they will not harm each other but will live in peace and help each other. This could be translated as: “peace agreement.” - -# But one of the Canaanite people groups, called the Gibeonites - -Some languages may introduce this as: “But one day a Canaanite people group by the name of the Gibeonites…” - -# But one of the Canaanite people groups - -The connecting word **But** contrasts God’s command that the Israelites not make any treaties with the people of Canaan with the reason Joshua made an agreement with Gibeonites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# lied to Joshua and said - -This could be translated as: “They lied to Joshua by saying” or “They falsely said to Joshua” or “They falsely told Joshua.” - -# Instead - -The connecting word **Instead** contrasts what Joshua should have done (ask God what they should do), with what he did do (out of ignorance make the treaty God had forbidden). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) diff --git a/content/15/07.md b/content/15/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index db026a8..0000000 --- a/content/15/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# found out - -This verbal phrase means ‘discovered.’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -# But they kept the peace treaty - -The connecting word **But** contrasts the Gibeonites’ deception of the Israelites with the Israelites keeping their promise to the Gibeonites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# Then, some time later - -This begins a new event. This event happened after the treaty was made but is indirectly a result of it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# so they combined their armies - -The connecting word **so** connects the result (the Amorites attacking Gibeon), with the reason (Gibeon’s treaty with Israel). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# sent a message to Joshua asking for help - -This could be translated as: “sent some of their people to tell Joshua that they needed the Israelites to help defend them against their enemies.” diff --git a/content/15/08.md b/content/15/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index 438f425..0000000 --- a/content/15/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# to reach the Gibeonites - -This could mean ‘to get to the Gibeonites’ or ‘to arrive at where the Gibeonites lived.’ The Gibeonites lived in Canaan, but Canaan is big enough that it took all night for the Israelite army to travel from their camp to where the Gibeonites were. - -# they surprised the Amorite armies - -The Amorites did not know that the Israelites were coming to attack them. diff --git a/content/15/09.md b/content/15/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2cc2f5d..0000000 --- a/content/15/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# God fought for Israel - -God fought on the side of Israel against Israel’s enemies. - -# caused the Amorites to be confused - -This could be translated as: “made the Amorites panic” or “caused the Amorites to be unable to fight together well.” - -# large hailstones - -This could be translated as: “very large balls of ice to come down from the sky.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) diff --git a/content/15/11.md b/content/15/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4ffdb9c..0000000 --- a/content/15/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# After God defeated those armies - -The connecting word **After** introduces sequential action. God defeated one large army made up of many smaller armies. Then another large army, also made up of many smaller armies, came against Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) - -# attacked and destroyed them - -This could be translated as: “fought against them and defeated them.” diff --git a/content/15/12.md b/content/15/12.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4a3c9cb..0000000 --- a/content/15/12.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# God gave each tribe of Israel its own section of the Promised Land - -This could be translated as: “God appointed each tribe its own plot of land” or “God decided which part of the Promised Land each tribe of Israel would live on.” - -# Then God gave Israel peace - -The connecting word **Then** introduces a sequential clause. The fighting of the battles and the dividing of the Promised Land were completed, and then God gave Israel peace along its borders. OR Fighting the battles and dividing the Promised Land were completed. Then God gave Israel peace along its borders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) - -# gave Israel peace along all its borders - -This could be translated as: “God allowed the Israelites to experience peace with the other people groups that surrounded them” or “God allowed the Israelites to experience peace with the other countries around Israel.” diff --git a/content/15/13.md b/content/15/13.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6fc6d30..0000000 --- a/content/15/13.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# When Joshua was an old man - -This begins a new event. The story transitions from Joshua’s leadership of Israel to what is to happen to them next. It may be clearer to say: “Many years later, when Joshua was an old man.” Joshua was over 100 years old at this time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# to be faithful to God - -In other words, they would be loyal to God. They would worship and serve only God; they would not worship or serve any other gods. - -# obey his laws - -This means that the people would obey the laws that God had already given them as part of the covenant. - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/16/00.md b/content/16/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1c4d949..0000000 --- a/content/16/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# The Deliverers - -This title can also be translated as: “About how God rescued the Israelites from their enemies” or “Why did God need to rescue the Israelites from their enemies?” - -# Deliverers - -This refers to the judges, or warriors, who God send to help the Israelites defeat their enemies and deliver them from their troubles. diff --git a/content/16/01.md b/content/16/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 227df8d..0000000 --- a/content/16/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# After Joshua died - -This begins a new event. In the previous story, Joshua reminded the Israelites of their promise to obey God. This story transitions to what the Israelites actually did after Joshua died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# and they did not drive out - -This tells how they disobeyed God, so in some languages it may be better to start this as a new sentence: “They did not…” - -# drive out the rest of the Canaanites from the Promised Land - -This can be translated as: “fight with the rest of the Canaanites to force them to leave the Promised Land.” - -# the true God - -This could mean ‘the only real God.’ Yahweh is the only one that people should worship. - -# so everyone did what they thought - -The connecting word **so** connects the reason (Israel had no king), with the result (everyone did what they thought was right rather than what God said). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# what they thought was right for themselves - -This means that they all did whatever they wanted to do, including many evil things. diff --git a/content/16/02.md b/content/16/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1446ecb..0000000 --- a/content/16/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# Then after Israel’s enemies oppressed them - -The connecting word **Then** connects the reason (Israel’s enemies would oppress them), with the result (Israel would repent and ask God to rescue them). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# ask God to rescue them - -That is, they asked God to help them and to set them free from their enemies. diff --git a/content/16/03.md b/content/16/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0524ffa..0000000 --- a/content/16/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# by providing - -This could be translated as: “by choosing” or “by appointing.” - -# there would be peace - -This could be translated as: “the people could live without fear” or “ their enemies stopped attacking them.” - -# the land - -That refers to Canaan, the Promised Land that God had given to Abraham. diff --git a/content/16/04.md b/content/16/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0b02b21..0000000 --- a/content/16/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# crops - -This refers to edible plants that the Israelites were growing in their gardens or fields. - -# were so scared, they hid - -This could be translated as: “were very afraid of the Midianites, so they hid.” - -# Finally - -This begins a new event. Signals a shift from the Midianites’ oppression and Israel’s suffering to Israel’s repentance and God’s deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# they cried out - -This might be translated as: “they called out” or “they prayed desperately.” - -# to save them - -This might be translated as: “to set them free” or “to rescue them from these enemies.” diff --git a/content/16/05.md b/content/16/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index 30f8b88..0000000 --- a/content/16/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# One day - -This phrase introduces an event that happened in the past, but does not state the specific time. Many languages have a similar way to begin telling a true story. - -# threshing grain - -The grain was wheat, which has a head of many small grains, or seeds, on the top of a thin stalk. **Threshing** is separating the seeds of the plant from the stalks by beating the heads of grain. The seeds are food, but the stalks are not. - -# God is with you - -This means: ‘God is present with you in a special way’ or ‘God has plans to use you in a special way.’ diff --git a/content/16/06.md b/content/16/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0056f9d..0000000 --- a/content/16/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# to tear down - -This means: ‘to violently bring down’ or ‘to take down and destroy.’ - -# But Gideon was afraid of the people - -The connecting word **But** contrasts God’s command (tear down the altar), with the reason for Gideon’s delayed obedience (he was afraid). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# afraid of the people - -Gideon was afraid that his fellow Israelites who worshiped the same idol would be angry with him. - -# so he waited until nighttime - -The connecting word **so** connects the reason (Gideon was afraid of the people), with the result (he waited until nighttime to obey). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# waited until nighttime - -Another way to say this would be: “waited until after dark.” Gideon smashed the altar at night, when everyone was asleep so that no one would see him do it. diff --git a/content/16/07.md b/content/16/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index 69ada8b..0000000 --- a/content/16/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# Gideon’s father said, “Why are you trying to help your god? If he is a god, let him protect himself!” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Gideon’s father asked why they were trying to help their god. If he is a god, he should be able to protect himself!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# Why are you trying to help your god? - -This is not a real question that asks for information. Another way of saying this would be: “You should not be trying to help your god” or “You should not need to help your god.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -# If he is a god, let him protect himself - -This is a strong statement that if the idol were truly a god, he would be able to protect himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# Because he said this - -The connecting word **Because** connects the reason (Gideon’s father’s defense), with the result (the people did not kill Gideon). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) diff --git a/content/16/08.md b/content/16/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4b8fb71..0000000 --- a/content/16/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# Then the Midianites came again - -The connecting word **Then** indicates sequential action. God called Gideon, and then the Midianites returned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) - -# came again to steal from the Israelites - -This could be translated as: “came again to the Israelites’ land to steal things from them.” - -# they could not be counted - -This could be translated as: “The number of the Midianites was too great to count” or “it would be very difficult to count all of the Midianites.” - -# for two signs - -This could be translated as: “to do two miracles” or “to make two impossible things happen.” - -# to save Israel - -This could be translated as: “to rescue Israel from the Midianites.” diff --git a/content/16/09.md b/content/16/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6275bba..0000000 --- a/content/16/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# sign - -This could be translated as: “miracle” or “impossible thing.” - -# sheepskin - -This is the skin of a sheep that has all of the wool on it. Wool is a very thick and curly hair that would hold a lot of water. Translate this so that it is clear that this skin is covered with thick, soft hair. - -# let the morning dew fall - -This can be translated as: “make the morning dew appear” or “make the morning dew come up.” **Dew** refers to the drops of water that that form on cool surfaces at night. Dew naturally covers everything equally. - -# God did that - -This could be translated as: “God did what Gideon asked him to do.” - -# Because of these two signs - -The connecting word **Because** connects the reason (the two signs), with the result (Gideon believed God wanted to deliver Israel through him). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) diff --git a/content/16/10.md b/content/16/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index 06052ae..0000000 --- a/content/16/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,31 +0,0 @@ -# Then Gideon called for soldiers to come to him, and 32,000 men came. - -Some languages might need to say why he called the soldiers: “When Gideon called the Israelites to come fight against the Midianites, 32,000 soldiers came to him” (See: [16:08](16/08)). - -# 32,000 - -This could also be written in words: “thirty-two thousand men.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) - -# But God told him - -The connecting word **But** contrasts the number of men who came to fight compared with God’s view of the number he wanted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# 22,000 - -This could also be written in words: “twenty-two thousand.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) - -# too many men - -This was more soldiers than God wanted for this fight. If that many solders fought and won, they would think that they won the battle with their own strength, and they would not know that God did it. - -# So Gideon sent home 22,000 men - -The connecting word **So** connects the reason (God told Gideon there were too many men), with the result (Gideon sent home 22,000 men). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# except for 300 soldiers - -This sentence could be translated as: “So Gideon allowed only 300 men to stay, and the rest of the men went home.” - -# 300 - -This could also be written in words: “three hundred.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) diff --git a/content/16/11.md b/content/16/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index e5ef7b4..0000000 --- a/content/16/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -# God told Gideon, “Go down to the Midianite camp and listen to them talk. When you hear what they say, you will no longer be afraid to attack them.” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God told Gideon to go down to the Midianite camp and listen to them talk. When he would hear what they would say, he would no longer be afraid to attack them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# Go down to the Midianite camp and listen to them talk. - -God gives Gideon a command that includes instruction on what he is to do. - -# Go down - -The Midianite soldiers were camping out in a valley and were at a lower elevation than the Israelite soldiers. - -# you will no longer be afraid - -This could mean ‘you will stop being afraid.’ - -# something he had dreamed - -This could mean ‘something he had seen in a dream’ or ‘a dream he had had.’ - -# This dream means that Gideon’s army will defeat us, the Midianite army! - -This is a strong statement by the enemy soldier that Gideon would defeat them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# When Gideon heard this - -The connecting word **When** connects the action or reason with the result. Gideon worshiped God as a result of hearing the interpretation of the soldier’s dream. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) diff --git a/content/16/12.md b/content/16/12.md deleted file mode 100644 index 27d8e0e..0000000 --- a/content/16/12.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# Then Gideon returned to his soldiers - -The connecting word **Then** introduces a sequential clause that connects Gideon hearing the dream and worshiping God with him rallying the 300 Israelites to fight the Midianites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) - -# horn - -This could be translated as: “trumpet” or “ram’s horn trumpet.” These horns came from rams, or male sheep, and were often used to call men for battle. - -# a burning torch - -This was probably a piece of wood wrapped with cloth and soaked in oil so that it could burn well. (This was not the modern torch that runs on batteries.) - -# so the Midianites could not see - -The connecting word **so** connects the reason (the torches were in the pots), with the result (the Midianites could not see the light of the torches). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) diff --git a/content/16/13.md b/content/16/13.md deleted file mode 100644 index f526925..0000000 --- a/content/16/13.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# Then, all of Gideon’s soldiers broke their pots - -The connecting word **Then** introduces a sequential clause. Gideon’s men surrounding the Midianite camp, and then they broke their pots at the same moment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) - -# shouted - -This could be translated as: “yelled loudly” or “said with a very loud voice.” - -# A sword - -A sword is a weapon that has a long sharp blade and a handle at one end. People hold the handle and hit or stab the enemy with the sharp blade. If your people don’t have a weapon just like this, you could translate it as: “A long knife” or “A machete” or “A bush knife.” - -# sword - -Here **sword** is a metonym that refers to their fighting. Alternate translation: “We fight for Yahweh and for Gideon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -# A sword for Yahweh and for Gideon! - -This is a strong statement that Gideon was depending on Yahweh, and not the sword, for his victory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) diff --git a/content/16/14.md b/content/16/14.md deleted file mode 100644 index 43e1223..0000000 --- a/content/16/14.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# God confused the Midianites - -God caused the Midianites to be confused. They wanted to attack the Israelites, but instead, they attacked each other. - -# so that they started attacking and killing each other - -The connecting word **so** connects the reason (God confused the Midianites), with the result (they started attacking and killing each other). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# many other Israelites - -This could be translated as: “many other Israelite men.” This refers to the soldiers previously sent home in [16:10](16/10). - -# 120,000 - -This could also be written in words: “one hundred and twenty thousand.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) diff --git a/content/16/15.md b/content/16/15.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0ea0f12..0000000 --- a/content/16/15.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# did not allow them to do this - -Gideon knew that it was better for the Israelites to have God as their king. - -# but he asked them - -This phrase starts with **but** because what he did next was not wise. diff --git a/content/16/16.md b/content/16/16.md deleted file mode 100644 index c3c4e95..0000000 --- a/content/16/16.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# Gideon used the gold to make a special garment - -This could be translated as: “Gideon melted down the gold objects the people had given him and formed a special garment out of that gold.” - -# But the people started worshiping it - -The connecting word **But** contrasts God’s deliverance of Israel from the Midianites with them worshiping the gold garment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# So God punished Israel again - -The connecting word **So** connects the reason (Israel started worshiping the garment as an idol), with the result (God punished them again). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) diff --git a/content/16/18.md b/content/16/18.md deleted file mode 100644 index fff57f3..0000000 --- a/content/16/18.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# Finally - -The connecting word **Finally** indicates a shift from the time of deliverers sent by God to the time when Israel asked God for a king. This could be translated as: “After their enemies attacked them many times” or “After many years of being attacked by many different nations…” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) - -# asked God for a king - -This could be translated as: “demanded that God give them a king” or “kept asking God for a king.” - -# like all the other nations had - -Other nations had a king. Israel wanted to be like them and have a king too. - -# God did not like this request - -This could be translated as: “God did not agree with what they had asked him for.” God knew that they were rejecting him as their ruler and were choosing to follow a human leader instead. - -# but he gave them a king - -The connecting word **But** contrasts God not liking the request with him giving Israel a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/17/00.md b/content/17/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index f54d893..0000000 --- a/content/17/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# God’s Covenant with David - -This title can also be translated as: “About when God made a covenant with David” or “What covenant did God make with David?” diff --git a/content/17/01.md b/content/17/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 00a9a5e..0000000 --- a/content/17/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# Saul was the first king of Israel - -This introduces Saul as a new character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) - -# the first king of Israel - -This could be translated as: the “first king to rule over Israel.” - -# He was tall and handsome, just like the people wanted - -This is background information about Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# one day - -This could be translated as: “some time in the future” or “years later.” - -# be king in his place - -This is an idiom that means ‘replace him as king.’ Other ways to say this are: “take his place as king over Israel” or “rule as king instead of him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) diff --git a/content/17/02.md b/content/17/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 84070c6..0000000 --- a/content/17/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# God chose a young Israelite named David - -This introduces David as a new character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) - -# David was a shepherd from the town of Bethlehem. - -This is background information about David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# father’s sheep - -This refers to ownership. The sheep belonged to the father of David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) - -# watching - -This could mean ‘caring for’ or ‘protecting’ or ‘taking care of.’ diff --git a/content/17/03.md b/content/17/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8a3ad73..0000000 --- a/content/17/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# a giant named Goliath - -The word **giant** here describes a person who is unusually tall and powerful. Goliath was a huge soldier in an army that was fighting against Israel. - -# about three meters tall! - -This is a strong statement that Goliath was extremely tall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# After that - -The connecting words **After that** indicate the sequence of events. The first enemy of Israel that David defeated was Goliath, but after defeating Goliath, David went on to defeat many other enemies of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) diff --git a/content/17/04.md b/content/17/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 72e78bf..0000000 --- a/content/17/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# Finally - -The people praised David very much so King Saul became jealous. Now the story transitions to Saul not only feeling jealous but acting on that jealousy. **Finally** connects the reason for Saul’s jealousy (the people loved David) with the result of Saul’s jealousy (Saul wanted to kill David). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]]) - -# One day - -The story transitions from explaining the general story (of Saul wanting to kill David) to a specific story (about Saul trying to kill David). This event happened in the past, but does not state the specific time. Many languages have a similar way to begin telling a true story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# In this way - -The connecting words **In this way** connect the reason (Saul saw that David had a piece of his clothing) with the result (Saul knew David would not kill him and try to become king). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# to become king - -David would not dishonor God by killing the man that God placed as king over Israel. diff --git a/content/17/05.md b/content/17/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7802f9c..0000000 --- a/content/17/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# Some time later - -The story transitions from Saul being king to David becoming king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# made him successful - -This could mean ‘helped him accomplish the good things he wanted to do.’ - -# and God helped him defeat - -The connecting word **and** is acting as more than a simple conjunction. It indicates that God’s blessing on David included his military efforts. David won many battles not because he was a great soldier, though he was, but because God helped him defeat Israel’s enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]]) - -# his capital city - -This could mean ‘the capital city of his kingdom.’ David lived in Jerusalem and ruled from there. The entire city does not belong to David, but because David is the supreme government leader and because David captured Jerusalem and made it the capital, it is often described as his. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) - -# capital city - -It was the center of government for the country of Israel and it had the primary status above all the other cities in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) diff --git a/content/17/06.md b/content/17/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index a8b50d2..0000000 --- a/content/17/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# to build a temple - -David wanted to construct a permanent building for worshiping God that would replace the portable Tent of Meeting. - -# 400 - -This could also be written in words: “four hundred.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) diff --git a/content/17/07.md b/content/17/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index 290de1f..0000000 --- a/content/17/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -# But there was a prophet named Nathan - -The connecting word **But** contrasts David’s desire to build a temple for God with God sending a prophet to David with a message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# so you will not build - -The connecting word **so** connects the reason (David had fought in many wars), with the result (God did not want David to be the one to build a temple). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# this Temple - -This could mean ‘this building for worship’ or ‘this place of worship.’ - -# But still - -The connecting words **But still** contrast God saying David could not build a temple with God’s promise to bless David. If God had not said this, David might have thought God was angry with him for some reason or he had done something wrong and that was why God would not allow him to do this act of worship. This contrast relationship shows that there was nothing wrong between David and God. God showed His love for David through His promise to David that the Messiah would be his descendant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# One of your descendants will rule as king over my people forever! - -This is a surprising statement because people do not live forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# God’s Chosen One - -This could be represented by a verbal phrase: “the One God chose.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) - -# from their sin - -This could mean ‘from the terrible consequences of their sin.’ diff --git a/content/17/08.md b/content/17/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index 79eda7c..0000000 --- a/content/17/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# When David heard Nathan’s message - -The connecting word **When** connects the reason (Nathan’s message), with the result (David thanked and praised God). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# Nathan’s message - -This could also be translated “the message Nathan gave.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) - -# Of course - -The connecting words **Of course** indicate that David did not know when God would do these things, since God did not tell him when they would happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]]) - -# 1,000 - -This could also be written in words: “one thousand.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) diff --git a/content/17/09.md b/content/17/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index 245442d..0000000 --- a/content/17/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# However, in his later years - -The connecting word **However** contrasts David obeying God for many years with David sinning against God in his later years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# in his later years - -This may be translated as: “when David was older” or “later on in David’s life.” - -# sinned greatly - -This could mean ‘sinned in a very evil way.’ David’s sin was especially evil. diff --git a/content/17/10.md b/content/17/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index 82001f7..0000000 --- a/content/17/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# One day, David - -We have many stories of David obeying God. Now a new story of when David sinned is being introduced. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# One day - -This phrase introduces an event that happened in the past, but does not state the specific time. Many languages have a similar way to begin telling a true story. - -# saw - -Bathsheba may have been bathing at her own house, but David’s palace was very high and he was able to see over walls that were lower. - -# a beautiful woman…her name was Bathsheba - -This introduces Bathsheba as a new character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) - -# bathing - -This may be translated as: “taking a bath” or “washing herself.” - -# but he found out - -The connecting word **but** contrasts David not knowing the woman with his finding out who she was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) diff --git a/content/17/11.md b/content/17/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index 051ab88..0000000 --- a/content/17/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# Instead of looking away - -The connecting word **Instead** contrasts what David should have done (look away), with what David did (sent someone to bring her to him). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# He slept with her - -In order to be polite, a euphemism is used to say David had sexual intercourse with Bathsheba. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) diff --git a/content/17/12.md b/content/17/12.md deleted file mode 100644 index 53d04da..0000000 --- a/content/17/12.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# Bathsheba’s husband was a man named Uriah - -This introduces Bathsheba s husband, Uriah, as a new character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) - -# He was one of David’s best soldiers. He was away fighting in a war at this time. - -This is background information about who Uriah was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# go be with his wife - -This could mean ‘go home to be intimate with his wife.’ David wanted people, especially Uriah, to believe that Bathsheba was pregnant with Uriah’s child. - -# So David sent Uriah - -The connecting word **so** connects the reason (Uriah refused to sleep with his wife), with the result (David sent him into great danger). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# where the enemy was strongest - -This refers to the location in the battle where the most fighting was going on. - -# so that he would be killed - -The connecting words **so that** connect the reason (David wanted Uriah killed), with the result (David told the general to put Uriah where the enemy was strongest and abandon him there). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) diff --git a/content/17/13.md b/content/17/13.md deleted file mode 100644 index dab07f4..0000000 --- a/content/17/13.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# After Uriah died - -The connecting word **After** introduces a sequential clause. Uriah died, and then David married Bathsheba. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) - -# what David had done - -This refers to David’s adultery with Bathsheba and his murder of her husband, Uriah. - -# so he sent - -The connecting word **so** connects the reason (God was very angry with David), with the result (God sent a prophet to tell David that he had done an evil thing). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) diff --git a/content/17/14.md b/content/17/14.md deleted file mode 100644 index 68e2446..0000000 --- a/content/17/14.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# But David’s baby boy died - -The connecting word **But** contrasts David’s repentance and God’s forgiveness with God’s punishment of David and Bathsheba’s baby dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# some members of his own family rebelled against him - -This fighting was very serious. Among other things, one of his sons murdered another son and tried to take David’s place as king while David was still reigning. If possible, use a word that conveys the intensity of this conflict within the family. - -# But God was faithful - -The connecting word **But** contrasts David’s sin and unfaithfulness with God’s faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# Later - -This introduces the birth of a second son who did not die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/18/00.md b/content/18/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index d218302..0000000 --- a/content/18/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# The Divided Kingdom - -This title can also be translated as: “About what happened when the Israelites divided against each other” or “What happened when the Israelites divided against each other?” - -# Divided Kingdom - -This refer to when the twelve tribes of Israel divided into the northern kingdom of Israel and the southern kingdom of Judah after the death of Solomon. diff --git a/content/18/01.md b/content/18/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 535e504..0000000 --- a/content/18/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# King David ruled for 40 years - -This is background information about what happened while David was king, before he died and his son Solomon became king after him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# Then he died - -This begins the transition from David’s reign as king to Solomon’s reign. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# so he made Solomon the wisest man in the world - -The connecting word **so** connects the reason (God was pleased with Solomon asking him to make him wise), and the result (God made him the wisest man in the world). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) diff --git a/content/18/02.md b/content/18/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 06a3558..0000000 --- a/content/18/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# was present in the Temple - -This could mean ‘was present in the Temple in a special way.’ Even though God was also present everywhere else at the same time, he made himself especially available to the people at the Temple. - -# with his people - -This could be translated as: “in the midst of his people” or “among his people.” diff --git a/content/18/03.md b/content/18/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index 845fdfd..0000000 --- a/content/18/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# But Solomon loved women from other countries - -The connecting word **But** contrasts Solomon building the Temple, God’s dwelling place, with Solomon loving women from other religions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# 1,000 - -This could also be written in words: “one thousand.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) - -# brought their gods with them - -They brought their idols and their methods of worshiping idols with them to Israel. - -# When Solomon was old - -The connecting word **When** introduces a background clause that indicates Solomon became old at the beginning of the time when he worshiped foreign gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]]) diff --git a/content/18/04.md b/content/18/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 73d8f71..0000000 --- a/content/18/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# because of this - -The connecting words **because of this** connect the reason (Solomon worshiped other gods), with the result (God was angry with him and said he would divide the kingdom). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) diff --git a/content/18/05.md b/content/18/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index 90d668e..0000000 --- a/content/18/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# After Solomon died - -The connecting word **After** introduces a sequential clause that indicates Solomon died and then Rehoboam became king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) - -# to accept him as their king - -This could mean ‘tell him that they were glad he was king and that they would do what he said.’ - -# their king - -This refers to a social relationship. Their king is the man who rules the country where they live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) diff --git a/content/18/06.md b/content/18/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 37bb1b9..0000000 --- a/content/18/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# But Rehoboam answered them in a very foolish way - -The connecting word **But** contrasts the people’s request for a wise and gracious response with Rehoboam’s unwise and harsh response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# answered them in a very foolish way - -Rehoboam’s answer was harsh, and caused the people to turn against him. - -# He said, “You say that my father, Solomon, made you work hard. But I will make you work harder than he did, and I will make you suffer worse than he did.” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “He told them that his father Solomon made them work hard, but that he would make them work harder than his father did, and would make them suffer worse than he did.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# you - -Here **you** is plural, referring not just to the people present, but all the people in the nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) diff --git a/content/18/07.md b/content/18/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2f74d86..0000000 --- a/content/18/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# tribes - -The descendants of each of Jacob’s 12 sons had become a **tribe** or very large family group in the nation of Israel. Everyone in Israel belonged to one of the 12 tribes. - -# rebelled against him - -This could mean ‘refused to follow Rehoboam as their king.’ It might help to start this sentence with ‘So’ or ‘Because of that’ or ‘Because of what Rehoboam said.’ - -# remained with him - -This could mean ‘stayed loyal to him’ or ‘continued to support him as king.’ - -# the kingdom of Judah - -This is not possession, but it gives the name of the kingdom. It could be translated as: “the Judah kingdom.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) diff --git a/content/18/08.md b/content/18/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1af9193..0000000 --- a/content/18/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# the kingdom of Israel - -This is not possession, but it gives the name of the kingdom. It could be translated as: “the Israel kingdom.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) diff --git a/content/18/09.md b/content/18/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index f2c3d49..0000000 --- a/content/18/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# caused the people to sin - -This could be translated as: “led the people to sin” or “motivated the people to sin.” Rehoboam led the people into sin by making idols for them to worship. diff --git a/content/18/10.md b/content/18/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index 83a36fb..0000000 --- a/content/18/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# Judah and Israel - -The people of Judah and Israel were all descendants of Jacob and part of God’s people. Even so, they disobeyed God and fought and killed each other. diff --git a/content/18/12.md b/content/18/12.md deleted file mode 100644 index 291c069..0000000 --- a/content/18/12.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# When they did this - -The connecting word **When** introduces a background clause which indicates that at the same time the people of the kingdom of Israel started worshiping idols, they also started sleeping with prostitutes and sacrificing children to idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]]) diff --git a/content/18/13.md b/content/18/13.md deleted file mode 100644 index 96c93f8..0000000 --- a/content/18/13.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# ruled justly - -This means they ruled according to God’s laws. This can be translated as: “when they ruled, they did what was right.” - -# But most of Judah’s kings were evil - -The connecting word **But** contrasts the few godly kings with the most kings of Judah who were evil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/19/00.md b/content/19/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index 545c07d..0000000 --- a/content/19/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# The Prophets - -This title can also be translated as: “About the work the prophets did for God” or “How did the prophets work for God?” diff --git a/content/19/01.md b/content/19/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 44d2c43..0000000 --- a/content/19/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# God was always sending prophets to the Israelites - -This introduces the prophets of God as new characters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) - -# Israelites - -Here, this could be translated as: “the kingdoms of Israel and Judah.” All of the descendants of Jacob, including those in the kingdom of Judah, continued to be called **Israelites**. - -# The prophets heard messages from God and then told them to the people. - -This is background information about what the prophets did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) diff --git a/content/19/02.md b/content/19/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1cca12d..0000000 --- a/content/19/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# So Elijah told King Ahab that God was going to punish the people - -The connecting word **So** connects the reason (Ahab tried to make the people worship Baal), with the result (God was going to punish the people). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# He said to him, “There will be no rain or dew in the kingdom of Israel until I say it will rain again.” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “He told him that there would be no rain or dew in the kingdom of Israel until he said it would rain again.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# until I say it will rain again - -This may be translated as: “until I command the rain and dew to come again.” - -# This made Ahab so angry - -This could be translated as: “When Ahab heard what Elijah said, he became so angry.” diff --git a/content/19/03.md b/content/19/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9451521..0000000 --- a/content/19/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# the wilderness - -This was a remote location with very few people. This may also be translated as: “desert” or “the bush.” - -# During this time - -The connecting words **During this time** introduce a simultaneous clause. At the same time as Elijah was hiding in the wilderness, Ahab and his army were looking for him but could not find him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]]) diff --git a/content/19/04.md b/content/19/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index a9122b8..0000000 --- a/content/19/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -# another country close by - -This refers to a country that was beside, or shared a border with, Israel. - -# because there was no harvest - -The connecting word **because** connects the reason (there was no harvest), with the result (they had almost run out of food). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# But still - -The connecting words **But still** introduce a contrast relationship. You would expect the widow to refuse to help Elijah because she was almost out of food, but she did the unexpected and took care of him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# took care of - -This means they gave him a place to stay in their house and provided food for him. It does not mean he was sick. - -# God provided for her and her son. Her jar of flour and her bottle of oil never became empty - -This could be translated as: “God prevented their flour jar and their bottle of oil from becoming empty” or “God caused their flour jar and their bottle of oil to never become empty.” - -# jar of flour - -This refers to a clay jar in which the widow kept her supply of flour. - -# bottle of oil - -In Israel, olive oil is used for cooking. This could be translated as: “bottle of cooking oil.” The widow used the flour and the oil for making bread. diff --git a/content/19/05.md b/content/19/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3c8fc00..0000000 --- a/content/19/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -# There you are, you troublemaker! - -This is a strong statement that expresses that Ahab was very angry with Elijah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# you troublemaker - -This means: ‘You are a troublemaker!’ Ahab was accusing Elijah of causing trouble by telling the king that he was doing wrong and also by stopping the rain. - -# It is you who are the troublemaker! - -This is a strong statement that Elijah uses to rebuke Ahab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# You have abandoned Yahweh - -That is, Ahab had led Israel to stop worshiping and obeying Yahweh. - -# Now you must bring all the people of the kingdom of Israel to Mount Carmel. - -This is a command that Elijah gave to Ahab by his authority as a prophet of God. - -# all the people of the kingdom of Israel - -This is a generalization to refer to the leaders and people who represent the ten tribes of the northern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) - -# Mount Carmel - -Mount Carmel is the name of a mountain located in northern Israel. It is over 500 meters high. diff --git a/content/19/06.md b/content/19/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index de438cb..0000000 --- a/content/19/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# all the people of Israel - -Not every person in the land of Israel came to Mount Carmel. This is a generalization to refer to the leaders and people who represent the ten tribes of the northern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) - -# Mount Carmel - -See how you translated this in [19:05](19/05). - -# Baal’s prophets - -This refers to the prophets that served the god Baal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) - -# 450 - -This could also be written in words: “four hundred and fifty.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) - -# How long will you keep changing your mind? - -This is not a real question asking for information. Elijah was rebuking the Israelites for repeatedly changing their minds about whether they would serve Yahweh or Baal. Some languages will have to express this as a statement such as “Stop changing your minds about whom you will worship!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -# If Yahweh is God, worship him! But if Baal is God, worship him! - -This is a strong statement that the people should decide once for all who they would worship. This does not mean that Elijah was undecided. He knew that Yahweh is the real God. He wanted the people to understand that when they worship false gods, they are rejecting Yahweh as the only true God. Translate this in a way that shows that the people had to make a choice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) diff --git a/content/19/07.md b/content/19/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index b755203..0000000 --- a/content/19/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# Kill a bull, divide the meat into pieces, and put it on an altar for a sacrifice, but do not light the fire. - -Elijah commanded exactly how the prophets of Baal should prepare their sacrifice in order to test and see if Baal was a real god. - -# if God sends fire on the altar - -The connecting word **If** indicates a hypothetical conditional relationship. If God sends fire, then it proves that he is real. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]]) - -# the real God - -This means the one and only true God. - -# So the prophets of Baal prepared a sacrifice but did not light the fire. - -The connecting word **So** connects the result (the prophets of Baal made the sacrifice but didn’t light a fire), with the reason (Elijah told them to do it that way). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) diff --git a/content/19/08.md b/content/19/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6c8eed3..0000000 --- a/content/19/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# prayed to Baal - -The prophets of Baal asked Baal to send fire onto the bull they prepared as a sacrifice. - -# Hear us, Baal! - -This is a both a command and a strong plea for Baal to answer their request and to send fire on the sacrifice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# shouted - -They yelled or called out loudly to Baal. - -# cut themselves with knives - -They injured themselves with knives as an extreme way to show their devotion to Baal, hoping that this would persuade him to listen to them. - -# but Baal did not answer, and he did not send any fire. - -The connecting word **but** contrasts Baal’s not answering or sending fire with the prophets praying, shouting, and cutting themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) diff --git a/content/19/09.md b/content/19/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8dee47e..0000000 --- a/content/19/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# After that - -The connecting words **After that** introduce a sequential clause. Elijah prepared the sacrifice, and then had people pour 12 pots of water over it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) diff --git a/content/19/10.md b/content/19/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2296b35..0000000 --- a/content/19/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# show us - -This could mean ‘prove to us’ or ‘demonstrate to us.’ - -# I am your servant - -This could be translated as: “You have given me authority to serve you and do these things.” - -# Answer me - -This could mean ‘respond to my prayer’ or ‘send the fire that I have asked you for.’ - -# these people will know - -This may be translated as: “these people will see and understand.” diff --git a/content/19/11.md b/content/19/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index c79f82e..0000000 --- a/content/19/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# Immediately - -The connecting word **Immediately** emphasizes that the fire fell from the sky as soon as Elijah prayed. In contrast, the prayers of the prophets of Baal were still not answered after hours of praying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) - -# fell from the sky - -This may be translated as: “suddenly came down from the sky.” - -# Yahweh is God! Yahweh is God! - -This statement is repeated to emphasize that it is indeed true! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# Yahweh is God - -This expression means that they understood that Yahweh is the only God, not just one god among others. diff --git a/content/19/12.md b/content/19/12.md deleted file mode 100644 index 509b122..0000000 --- a/content/19/12.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# Then Elijah said, “Do not let any of the prophets of Baal escape!” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Then Elijah told them not to let any of the prophets of Baal escape!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# Do not let any of the prophets of Baal escape! - -This is a both a command and also a strong statement to emphasize that the people must seize every one of the prophets of Baal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# escape - -The prophets of Baal tried to run away after their god was proven to be a false god. - -# captured - -This could mean ‘seized and held onto’ or ‘took hold of.’ diff --git a/content/19/13.md b/content/19/13.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7e0e66f..0000000 --- a/content/19/13.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# Then Elijah said to King Ahab, “Return immediately to your home, because the rain is coming.” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Then Elijah told King Ahab to return immediately to his home, because the rain was coming.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# Then Elijah said to King Ahab - -The connecting word **Then** introduces a sequential clause. The prophets of Baal were killed, and then Elijah warned Ahab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) - -# Return immediately to your home - -Elijah is giving a command to King Ahab on his authority as a prophet of God. - -# the sky became black - -This could mean ‘the sky became very dark.’ Heavy rainclouds covered the sky, making it look dark grey or black. - -# the drought - -This could mean ‘the long dry time with no rain.’ diff --git a/content/19/14.md b/content/19/14.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0acdab4..0000000 --- a/content/19/14.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# When Elijah finished his work, God chose a man named Elisha to be his prophet - -This sentence introduces Elisha as a new character in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) - -# the commander of an enemy army - -Naaman was a commander in the army of one of the countries that was Israel’s enemy. - -# but he had a bad skin disease - -The connecting word **but** contrasts Naaman’s prestigious position of army commander, with his having this terrible disease. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# Naaman heard about Elisha - -This means that people had told Naaman that Elisha was able to perform miracles. Here Elisha is used to represent the miracles that God gave Elisha the power to perform. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -# he went to Elisha and asked him - -This could mean ‘he went to see Elisha and asked him.’ Naaman had to go into Israel to find Elisha and ask him to do this. diff --git a/content/19/15.md b/content/19/15.md deleted file mode 100644 index a63c614..0000000 --- a/content/19/15.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# He refused to do this because it seemed foolish - -Naaman would not do what Elisha said because he knew that washing alone could not heal his disease. - -# because it seemed foolish - -The connecting word **because** connects the reason for his anger (it seemed foolish), with the result (Naaman refused to obey). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# he changed his mind - -This could mean ‘he decided to do what Elisha had told him to do.’ - -# When he came up from the water the last time - -The connecting clause **When he came up from the water the last time** introduces a sequential clause. Naaman dipped himself seven times, and then God healed him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) diff --git a/content/19/16.md b/content/19/16.md deleted file mode 100644 index 274b32e..0000000 --- a/content/19/16.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# If the people did not do this - -The connecting word **If** introduces a hypothetical condition. The result depended on Israel’s response to the warning of the prophets. God said that, if they did not stop doing evil, he would punish them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]]) diff --git a/content/19/17.md b/content/19/17.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4cc20f7..0000000 --- a/content/19/17.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# Once, they put the prophet Jeremiah into a dry well - -This begins a new event about Jeremiah being held captive in a well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# a dry well - -The well did not currently have any water in it, but it did still have mud in the bottom. This could be translated as: “an empty well.” - -# But then the king had mercy on him - -The connecting word **But** contrasts the people putting Jeremiah in the well to die, and the king having mercy on him and ordering him brought out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# had mercy on him - -This means he was kind to Jeremiah and helped him. diff --git a/content/19/18.md b/content/19/18.md deleted file mode 100644 index c7dcd1f..0000000 --- a/content/19/18.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# continued to speak for God - -This could mean ‘continued to tell the people what God wanted to tell them.’ - -# even though the people hated them - -The connecting words **even though** contrast the prophets speaking for God with the people hating them for their obedience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/20/00.md b/content/20/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index 34711c8..0000000 --- a/content/20/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# The Exile and Return - -This title can also be translated as: “About how the Israelites went away as prisoners and how they returned” or “How did God send the Israelites away as prisoners and bring them back again?” - -# The Exile - -The word **exile** means someone is removed from they country by force. The **Exile** is the term for this 70-year period when the Israelites were forced to live in Babylon. - -# Return - -This refers to when the Jews returned to the land of Israel after being captives in Babylon for 70 years. diff --git a/content/20/01.md b/content/20/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 53ab488..0000000 --- a/content/20/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# broke the covenant - -This could mean ‘disobeyed the commands God had given them in his covenant with them at Mount Sinai.’ - -# warn them to repent and worship him again - -Another way to translate this would be: “tell them to stop sinning and to worship Yahweh instead of other gods, or terrible things would happen to them.” - -# but they refused to obey - -The connecting word **but** contrasts the people refusing to obey God, with God send them prophets to warn them to repent and worship him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) diff --git a/content/20/02.md b/content/20/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index c13280e..0000000 --- a/content/20/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# both kingdoms - -This refers to both the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. - -# Assyria was another nation that became very powerful - -This introduces the Assyrians, from the nation of Assyria, as new characters in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) - -# took away - -This could mean ‘stole.’ They stole these valuable things and carried them back to Assyria. diff --git a/content/20/03.md b/content/20/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6a3c676..0000000 --- a/content/20/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# the people who could make valuable things - -This refers to people who were good at woodworking, metalworking, and building. - -# remained - -This could mean ‘stayed’ or ‘were left behind’ or ‘were allowed to stay behind.’ diff --git a/content/20/04.md b/content/20/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index c193ffe..0000000 --- a/content/20/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# foreigners - -This refers to people who were not Israelites. diff --git a/content/20/05.md b/content/20/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1339ecb..0000000 --- a/content/20/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# for not believing and obeying him - -Another way to translate this would be: “because they did not believe or obey him.” - -# But they still worshiped idols, - -The connecting word **But** contrasts the people continuing to worship idols despite seeing Israel’s punishment when they refused to obey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# warn them - -This could mean ‘tell them to stop sinning or terrible things would happen to them.’ - -# but they refused to listen - -The connecting word **but** contrasts the people refusing to listen, with God sending prophets to warn them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# they refused to listen - -This could mean ‘they refused to obey’ or ‘they refused to stop their evil behavior.’ diff --git a/content/20/06.md b/content/20/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index fcacf7d..0000000 --- a/content/20/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# 100 - -This could also be written in words: “one hundred.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) - -# God sent Nebuchadnezzar, king of the Babylonians - -This introduces the Babylonians and their king, Nebuchadnezzar, as new characters in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) - -# agreed to be - -The king of Judah was forced to either serve the Babylonian king or be destroyed. - -# to be Nebuchadnezzar’s servant - -This could be translated as: “to govern Judah under Nebuchadnezzar’s command.” diff --git a/content/20/07.md b/content/20/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index c02d901..0000000 --- a/content/20/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# So, the Babylonians came back and attacked - -The connecting word **So** connects the result (the Babylonians came back and attacked), with the reason (the king of Judah rebelled). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# came back - -This may also be translated as: “returned” or “came to Judah again.” - -# captured the city - -This could mean ‘took control of the city and the people there.’ - -# took away - -They carried the treasures with them back to Babylon. diff --git a/content/20/08.md b/content/20/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4ffe797..0000000 --- a/content/20/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# To punish - -Nebuchadnezzar punished the king of Judah by telling his soldiers to do these things. - -# in front of him - -This may be translated as: “where he could see,” or “so that he could see it,” or “before his eyes.” - -# made him blind - -This may also be translated as: “destroyed his eyes.” - -# After that, they took the king away - -The connecting words **After that** introduce a sequential clause. They killed the king’s sons and blinded him in Judah, and then took him to a prison in Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) diff --git a/content/20/09.md b/content/20/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index b7b8638..0000000 --- a/content/20/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# leaving only the poorest people behind - -This could mean ‘leaving only the poorest people in Judah’ or ‘letting only the poorest people stay in Judah.’ - -# This period of time - -To translate this, choose a phrase that can refer to a long time, since this exile period lasted 70 years. - -# the Exile - -The word **exile** means someone is removed from they country by force. The **Exile** is the term for this 70-year period when the Israelites were forced to live in Babylon. diff --git a/content/20/10.md b/content/20/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index b50c90d..0000000 --- a/content/20/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# Even though God punished his people for their sin - -The connecting words **Even though** contrast God sending the people into exile with him not forgetting his promises to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# exile - -See how you translated this term in [20:09](20/09). - -# did not forget - -This could be translated as: “did not ignore” or “did not neglect.” Or the whole phrase could be translated as: “continued to honor his commitment to his people and his promises.” - -# watch over - -This could mean ‘take care of.’ - -# speak to them through his prophets - -This could be translated as: “tell his prophets messages that he wanted them to tell his people.” diff --git a/content/20/11.md b/content/20/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index 329d2d8..0000000 --- a/content/20/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# About 70 years later - -This begins a new event when Cyrus allowed the Jews to return to Israel from exile in Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# 70 years later - -This refers to the 70 years that had passed since the Babylonian army took the people of Jerusalem into exile. - -# Cyrus - -Cyrus was also called ‘Cyrus the Great.’ The name **Cyrus** meant ‘like the sun’ in the Persian language. However, since Cyrus was an important historical person, it might be best to transliterate his name rather than translating the meaning. - -# the Persian Empire - -The Persian Empire grew to cover the area from central Asia to Egypt. It was located in the region of what is Iran today. - -# The Israelites were now called Jews - -This could also be translated as: “People now called the Israelites by the name ‘Jews.’” - -# the land of Judah - -That is, the area where the kingdom of Judah was located before the Exile. Jerusalem was the capital city of Judah. diff --git a/content/20/12.md b/content/20/12.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4b4f1e9..0000000 --- a/content/20/12.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -# Cyrus - -See how you translated his name in [20:11](20/11). - -# Judah - -See the note about Judah in [20:11](20/11). - -# go back to Judah - -Since most of these Jews were the children and grandchildren of those who left Judah, they had never lived in Judah before. In some languages, it might be better to say “to go to Judah.” - -# He even gave them money to rebuild the Temple! - -This sentence emphasizes the surprising fact that King Cyrus of the Persians would give the Jews money to rebuild their Temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# 70 years - -This could also be written in words: “seventy years.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) - -# exile - -See how you translated this term in [20:09](20/09). - -# returned - -This could mean ‘went back.’ Some languages may prefer to say, ‘went’ since most of these people had never been to Jerusalem. diff --git a/content/20/13.md b/content/20/13.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2c60158..0000000 --- a/content/20/13.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# the people - -That is, the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob, who were now called the Jews. - -# the wall - -This wall was very thick (2.5 meters) and was built to protect the city from attackers. - -# once again - -In some languages this might need to be translated as: “now” or “as their ancestors had done” or “just as before the Exile.” - -# worshiping at the Temple - -They worshiped Yahweh, the One True God, at the Temple they rebuilt. - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/21/00.md b/content/21/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index cd978fb..0000000 --- a/content/21/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# God Promises the Messiah - -This title can also be translated as: “About how God promised to send the Messiah” or “What happened when God promised to send the Messiah?” diff --git a/content/21/01.md b/content/21/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index f2dadf8..0000000 --- a/content/21/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# Even when God created the world - -The connecting words **Even when** contrast God creating a perfect world without sin, with his preexisting plan to send a Messiah to save people from sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# crush the snake’s head - -Unless the head of a venomous snake is crushed, the snake can still hurt someone. Use a word for **crush** that communicates that its head is destroyed. - -# Satan appeared as a snake in order to deceive Eve - -Satan spoke to Eve in the form of a snake. This does not mean that he is a snake now. This could be translated as: “The snake who deceived Eve was an appearance of Satan.” - -# to deceive Eve - -This could mean ‘to lie to Eve.’ The snake lied by making Eve doubt what God had said and tricking her into disobeying God. diff --git a/content/21/02.md b/content/21/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 224eb22..0000000 --- a/content/21/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# through him - -This could mean ‘because of one of his descendants.’ diff --git a/content/21/03.md b/content/21/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index e4a6241..0000000 --- a/content/21/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# prophet like Moses - -To be like Moses, the future prophet would need to have great authority from God to lead and rescue his people. diff --git a/content/21/04.md b/content/21/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index a088e8d..0000000 --- a/content/21/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# his own descendants - -Another way to say this would be: “a direct descendant of David himself.” diff --git a/content/21/05.md b/content/21/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index a6e030b..0000000 --- a/content/21/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# would not be like - -The New Covenant would be truly effective. People really would know God, they would truly live as his people, and He would forgive their sins completely, based on the Messiah’s sacrifice of himself one time for all who believe in him. - -# this would be like writing his law on their hearts - -Yahweh’s law will become a part of them, rather than merely being written on stone. Here **heart** represents ‘emotions’ or ‘mind.’ Alternate translation: “My law will be part of their thoughts and emotions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -# writing his law on their hearts - -This is a metaphor meaning: ‘help his people to understand his laws and to earnestly desire to obey them.’ If possible, keep the image of writing on their hearts, since this is in contrast with the way God had written his law on stone tablets for the Israelites. If that is not possible, you could just translate the meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -# be his people - -This could be translated as: “be his special people” or “be his favored people.” diff --git a/content/21/06.md b/content/21/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index a46f969..0000000 --- a/content/21/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# the perfect prophet - -The Messiah would be a prophet who would be perfect in obedience to God, giving every word God would speak to the people. He would present God perfectly to the people, helping them to know and understand God. diff --git a/content/21/07.md b/content/21/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2de78ac..0000000 --- a/content/21/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# However - -The connecting word **However** contrasts the Israelite priests’ performance, with the Messiah’s performance as priest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# the perfect high priest - -Unlike the other high priests, the Messiah would never sin, and he would permanently take away all the sins of the people. - -# offer himself - -This could mean ‘allow himself to be killed.’ - -# a perfect sacrifice - -This could mean ‘a sacrifice that has no fault or imperfection.’ diff --git a/content/21/08.md b/content/21/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index 884e689..0000000 --- a/content/21/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# But the Messiah - -The connecting word **But** contrasts the kingdom and performance of other kings, with the Messiah’s kingdom and performance as king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# the whole world - -This could also be translated as: “everyone everywhere.” diff --git a/content/21/09.md b/content/21/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index e01ecd8..0000000 --- a/content/21/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# Malachi - -Malachi was the last prophet in the Old Testament. - -# the Messiah would be born of a virgin - -Another way to say this would be: “a virgin would give birth to the Messiah.” - -# virgin - -Some ancient versions and some contemporary versions translate: “the virgin will conceive,” while others translate: “the young woman will conceive.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) - -# Micah - -Micah was an Old Testament prophet of God who, like Isaiah, spoke his messages from God almost 800 years before the Messiah came. diff --git a/content/21/10.md b/content/21/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index e56918d..0000000 --- a/content/21/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# set prisoners free - -This could mean ‘set free those who have unjustly been put into prison.’ This could also refer to setting people free from the bondage of sin. - -# could not hear, see, speak, or walk - -It may be better to say: “could not hear, could not see, could not speak, or could not walk.” Some languages have special words for these conditions, such as ‘deaf’ and ‘blind.’ diff --git a/content/21/11.md b/content/21/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index 99e2733..0000000 --- a/content/21/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# Zechariah - -Zechariah was an Old Testament prophet who spoke to God’s people after they returned to the Promised Land from the Exile in Babylon. This was about 500 years before the Messiah came. - -# 30 silver coins - -At the time, each of these coins was worth the amount of money a person could earn in four days. - -# gamble for his clothes - -This could mean ‘play a game of chance to determine who would win his clothes.’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) diff --git a/content/21/12.md b/content/21/12.md deleted file mode 100644 index b32a9a8..0000000 --- a/content/21/12.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# pierce - -People would stab the Messiah with a sharp weapon. - -# even though he had not done anything wrong - -The connecting words **even though** contrast the way the Messiah was killed, with his innocence. It is not expected that an innocent, sinless man would be killed so brutally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) diff --git a/content/21/13.md b/content/21/13.md deleted file mode 100644 index b8fca0f..0000000 --- a/content/21/13.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# But he would die - -The connecting word **But** contrasts the perfection of the Messiah, with his death as punishment for other people’s sins. It is not expected that a perfect man would die for other people’s sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) diff --git a/content/21/14.md b/content/21/14.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4515059..0000000 --- a/content/21/14.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# raise the Messiah from the dead - -This could mean ‘cause the Messiah to be alive again.’ - -# to make the New Covenant - -This could mean ‘to put the New Covenant into effect.’ diff --git a/content/21/15.md b/content/21/15.md deleted file mode 100644 index ec388ec..0000000 --- a/content/21/15.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# but the Messiah did not come during the time of any of those prophets - -The connecting word **But** contrasts the many prophecies about the Messiah given to the prophets with the Messiah not coming during their life time. It is not expected that so much detail would be given when it would be another 400 years until the Messiah came. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# More than 400 years after the last of these prophecies was given, at exactly the right time - -This is background information about what happened before the Messiah came. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# 400 years - -This could also be written in words: “four hundred years.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) - -# into the world - -This could be translated as: “to the people of the world.” The Messiah would be sent not only to the Jews, but to all people. diff --git a/content/22/00.md b/content/22/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index dc2f7fb..0000000 --- a/content/22/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# The Birth of John - -This title can also be translated as: “About how John the Baptist was born” or “What happened when John the Baptist was born?” diff --git a/content/22/01.md b/content/22/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 61790fd..0000000 --- a/content/22/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -# In the past, God had spoken to his prophets so they could speak to his people. Then came 400 years of silence in which he did not speak to men. - -This is background information about the prophets of God, and the 400 years that God did not send them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# his people - -This could be translated as: “his people, the Israelites” or “his people, the Jews.” But only include the added information if it is not clearly understood who these people were. - -# Then came 400 years of silence - -Other ways to say this are: “Then 400 years of silence passed” or “Then there were 400 years of silence.” The last Old Testament prophet, Malachi, has prophesied 400 years before. - -# in which he did not speak to men - -This could mean ‘during which God did not give any messages to the prophets for his people.’ - -# Then God sent an angel - -This introduces the birth of John the Baptist as a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# Then God sent an angel to a priest named Zechariah - -This introduces the angel and Zechariah as new characters in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) - -# Zechariah and his wife, Elizabeth, honored God. They were very old, and she had never born any children. - -This is background information about the kind of people who Zechariah and Elizabeth were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) diff --git a/content/22/02.md b/content/22/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6ab44f4..0000000 --- a/content/22/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# The angel - -This refers to the angel that came to Zechariah in [22:01](22/01). - -# You will name him John. - -This is a command. The angel is telling Zechariah exactly what he must name John. - -# fill him with the Holy Spirit - -This could mean ‘give him wisdom and power through the Holy Spirit.’ - -# My wife and I are too old to have children! - -This sentence emphasizes that Zechariah and Elizabeth were far too old to have children by natural means. That would require God to work a miracle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# How can I know you are telling me the truth? - -Here, **know** means to learn by experience, suggesting Zechariah was asking for a sign as proof. Alternate translation: “What can you do to prove to me that this will happen?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/content/22/03.md b/content/22/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index f8f1a9c..0000000 --- a/content/22/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# The angel responded to Zechariah, “I was sent by God to bring you this good news. Because you did not believe me, you will not be able to speak until the child is born.” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “The angel answered and told Zechariah that he was sent by God to bring him this good news. But because Zechariah did not believe him, Zechariah will not be able to speak until the child was born.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# Immediately, Zechariah was unable to speak - -The connecting word **Immediately** introduces a sequential clause. First the angel said Zechariah would not be able to speak, and the next thing that happened was Zechariah could not speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) - -# Because you did not believe me, you will not be able to speak until the child is born. - -The connecting word **Because** connects the reason (Zechariah did not believe the good news), with the result (Zechariah could not speak until the baby was born). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) diff --git a/content/22/04.md b/content/22/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index e48994f..0000000 --- a/content/22/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,31 +0,0 @@ -# When Elizabeth was six months pregnant - -The connecting word **When** introduces a background clause. The main event is Mary’s pregnancy and visit to Elizabeth. The background event that was already happening is Elizabeth was six months pregnant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]]) - -# Elizabeth - -She was Zechariah’s wife. An angel told Zechariah that Elizabeth would give birth to a son. - -# six months pregnant - -Either she had already been pregnant for six months or she was in the sixth month of her pregnancy. - -# pregnant - -Different languages have different idioms to talk about pregnancy, such as ‘she was with child’ or ‘she had one in her body’ or ‘she had belly.’ Some languages have special ways of speaking about it politely, such as ‘she was expecting.’ Use an expression that will not be embarrassing to readers. - -# Elizabeth’s relative - -Many translations say, ‘cousin’ here but we don’t know exactly how these two women were related. A general term like, ‘kin’ or ‘cousin’ could be used. - -# She was a virgin and was engaged to be married to a man named Joseph - -This is background information about Mary. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# was engaged - -This could mean ‘was promised.’ - -# Son of the Most High God - -This is an important title for Jesus. Mary will bear **a son** who will be called **the Son of the Most High**. Jesus is therefore a human son born of a human mother, and he is also the Son of God. These terms should be translated very carefully. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) diff --git a/content/22/05.md b/content/22/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index bbb9af9..0000000 --- a/content/22/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# Mary replied, “How can this be, since I am a virgin?” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Mary asked him how this could be, since she was a virgin.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# How can this be - -This could mean ‘How can I become pregnant’ Mary was not doubting the truth of the angel’s words, but asking how it would happen. - -# Holy Spirit will come to you, and the power of God will come to you - -These are two ways of saying the same thing: ‘By the power of God, the Holy Spirit will miraculously cause you to become pregnant.’ Make sure the translation of this sentence does not sound like there was any physical contact involved. This was a miracle. - -# Holy Spirit - -This introduces the Holy Spirit as a new character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) - -# the baby will be holy - -The word **holy** here means the baby will belong to God. - -# Son of God - -This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) diff --git a/content/22/06.md b/content/22/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index a7401f0..0000000 --- a/content/22/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# Soon after this happened - -The connecting word **Soon** introduces a sequential clause. The angel came to Mary and soon after Mary left to visit Elizabeth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) - -# Elizabeth - -See the note about Elizabeth on [22:04](22/04). - -# baby jumped inside her - -The baby moved suddenly inside Elizabeth’s womb in response to Mary’s greeting to Elizabeth. - -# what God had done for them - -This refers to the fact that both women were pregnant through God’s supernatural intervention. Mary had conceived without a man, and Elizabeth had conceived with Zechariah after she was past the age of childbearing. diff --git a/content/22/07.md b/content/22/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9a3357f..0000000 --- a/content/22/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -# Elizabeth - -See the note about Elizabeth on [22:04](22/04). - -# Then God made Zechariah able to speak again - -The connecting word **Then** introduces a sequential clause. After Zechariah and Elizabeth named their baby John, Zechariah was able to speak again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) - -# Praise God, because he has remembered to help his people! - -This sentence emphasizes that God is worthy of praise because of how he helped his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# Praise God - -This could mean ‘We should all praise God.’ - -# the prophet - -This could mean ‘the very important prophet.’ John would be the prophet that the Old Testament prophets had predicted would come before the Messiah. - -# the Most High God - -Other ways to say this are: “the God who is greater than everything” or “the God who rules over everything.” - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/23/00.md b/content/23/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index e3d45f0..0000000 --- a/content/23/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# The Birth of Jesus - -This title can also be translated as: “About how Jesus was born” or “What happened when Jesus was born?” diff --git a/content/23/01.md b/content/23/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index c513a4c..0000000 --- a/content/23/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,31 +0,0 @@ -# Mary was engaged to a righteous man named Joseph - -Parents normally arranged the marriages of their children. Alternate translation: “The parents of Mary had promised her in marriage to a righteous man named Joseph” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# engaged - -This could mean ‘promised to be married.’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) - -# he knew it was not his baby - -This could mean ‘he knew that he was not the one who had caused her to be pregnant.’ - -# However, he did not want to shame Mary - -The connecting word **However** contrasts Mary being pregnant with what Joseph believed to be another man’s child, with Joseph’s desire not to shame Mary. You would expect Joseph to be angry and want to shame her but, instead, he responds with mercy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# to shame Mary - -This could mean ‘to cause Mary to be publicly disgraced’ or ‘to embarrass Mary publicly.’ Joseph was merciful to Mary even though it seemed like she was an adulteress. - -# to divorce her quietly - -This could also be translated as: “to divorce her without telling others why,” or “to divorce her without telling others about her pregnancy.” Because Joseph was righteous, he wanted to resolve the situation in the best way possible, which in this culture would be to divorce her quietly. - -# divorce her - -Joseph had not married Mary yet, but when a man and woman promised to marry each other, Jews considered them husband and wife though they did not live together. This is why a divorce was necessary rather than simply breaking an engagement. For some languages, it may be better to say: “break their engagement.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# in a dream - -This could mean ‘while he was asleep and dreaming.’ diff --git a/content/23/02.md b/content/23/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index c8ea52e..0000000 --- a/content/23/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# do not be afraid to take Mary as your wife - -This can also be translated as: “Stop thinking that you shouldn’t marry Mary” or “Do not hesitate to have Mary as your wife.” - -# The baby that is in her is from the Holy Spirit - -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Holy Spirit caused Mary to become pregnant with this child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -# is from the Holy Spirit - -This could mean ‘was conceived by a miracle of the Holy Spirit.’ - -# She will give birth to a son - -Because God sent the angel, the angel knew the baby was a boy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# Name him Jesus - -This is a command from God telling Joseph exactly what to name the baby. - -# because he will save the people from their sins - -The connecting word **because** connects the result (Joseph was to name the baby Jesus, which means God saves), with the reason (Jesus will save the people from their sins). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) diff --git a/content/23/03.md b/content/23/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8520113..0000000 --- a/content/23/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# So Joseph married Mary - -The connecting word **So** connects the result (Joseph took Mary as his wife) with the reason (the angel told him the baby was not another man’s child conceived in sin, but the Son of God conceived by the Holy Spirit). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# but he did not sleep with her - -The connecting word **but** contrasts Joseph taking Mary to be his wife, with him not sleeping with her. It would be expected that a man would sleep with the woman he took as his wife, but Joseph did the unexpected. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# he did not sleep with her - -He kept her a virgin until the birth of the baby. In order to be polite, a euphemism is used to say Joseph did not have sexual intercourse with Mary. Alternate translation: “he did not have sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) diff --git a/content/23/04.md b/content/23/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 64239f1..0000000 --- a/content/23/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# When the time was near for Mary to give birth - -This could mean ‘When it was near the end of Mary’s pregnancy.’ - -# They had to go there because the Roman officials wanted to count all the people in the land of Israel. They wanted everyone to go to where their ancestors had lived. King David had been born in Bethlehem, and he was the ancestor of both Mary and Joseph. - -This is background information about why Joseph and Mary had to travel to Bethlehem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# the Roman officials - -Rome had conquered and ruled over Israel at this time. - -# to count all the people - -This could mean ‘to write their names on a list.’ They probably did this so they could tax the people. diff --git a/content/23/05.md b/content/23/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index ffbe432..0000000 --- a/content/23/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# but there was no place for them to stay - -This is background information about why Jesus was born in a place where animals slept. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# no place for them to stay - -This could mean ‘no usual place for them to stay.’ Because Bethlehem was so crowded at that time, the usual rooms for guests were already full of people. - -# where some animals were kept - -This was a place for sheltering animals, not a place where people lived. Translate this with a term that would normally be used for a place where animals were kept. - -# a feeding trough - -This could mean ‘an animal feed box’ or ‘a wooden or stone box for feeding animals.’ The box could have been filled with hay to provide a padded surface for the baby to lie on. diff --git a/content/23/06.md b/content/23/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index aebe49a..0000000 --- a/content/23/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# guarding their flocks - -A **flock** is a group of sheep. The shepherds were caring for their sheep, and protecting them from harm or theft. - -# a shining angel - -This could also be translated as: “an angel surrounded by a bright light.” The shining light would have seemed even brighter in contrast to the darkness of the night. - -# they were terrified - -The shepherds were very afraid when a supernatural angel appeared. - -# The angel said, “Do not be afraid, because I have some good news for you. The Messiah, the Master, has been born in Bethlehem!” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “The angel told them not to be afraid, because he had some good news for them. The Messiah, the Master, had been born in Bethlehem!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# Do not be afraid - -This often means ‘stop being afraid.’ The angel spoke this command to the shepherds in order to comfort them. The shepherds were very afraid when they saw the angel, so he was telling them they did not need to be afraid. Alternate translation: “You do not need to be afraid” - -# The Messiah, the Master, has been born in Bethlehem! - -This sentence emphasizes the exciting message that the Messiah—for whom the Israelites had so long been waiting—had finally come! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) diff --git a/content/23/07.md b/content/23/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index cab5ace..0000000 --- a/content/23/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,35 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -The angel continued speaking. - -# Go search for the baby, and you will find him wrapped in pieces of cloth and lying in a feeding trough. - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “The angel told them to go and search for the baby, and they would find him wrapped in pieces of cloth and lying in a feeding trough.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# and you will find him wrapped in pieces of cloth and lying in a feeding trough - -The connecting word **and** introduces a sequential clause. After they go and search for the baby, they will find him wrapped in cloth and lying in a trough. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) - -# wrapped in pieces of cloth - -The custom of that time was to tightly wrap newborn babies in long strips of cloth. It may be necessary to say “wrapped in long strips of cloth, in the customary way.” - -# a feeding trough - -This could mean ‘an animal feeding box.’ Also see how you translated this in [23:05](23/05). - -# filled with angels - -This means that there were so many angels that they seemed to fill the sky. - -# May all honor be to God - -This can also be translated as: “Let us all honor God!” or “Our God deserves all honor!” or “We all give honor to God!” - -# peace on earth - -Another way to say this would be: “may there be peace on earth.” - -# the people he favors - -This might be translated as: “people that God looks upon with favor, delight, or good will.” diff --git a/content/23/08.md b/content/23/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1dec963..0000000 --- a/content/23/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# Then the angels left - -The connecting word **Then** introduces a sequential clause. The angels gave their praise, and then they left. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) - -# everything they had heard and seen - -This included the glorious angels and their amazing message, as well as seeing the newborn Messiah himself. diff --git a/content/23/09.md b/content/23/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index ff42157..0000000 --- a/content/23/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -# There were some men in a country far to the east. - -This introduces as new characters in the story. These men came from the east to worship Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) - -# They studied the stars and were very wise - -This is background information about why these men knew Jesus had been born and came to see him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# They studied the stars - -These men may also have had access to the Old Testament prophets’ writings that predicted the birth of the Messiah. - -# an unusual star - -The star that they noticed was not a normal star. It was something that appeared at the time of Jesus’ birth. - -# So they decided to travel from their country to see the child - -The connecting word **So** connects the reason (a new king of the Jews had been born), with the result (the men decided to travel to see the child). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# the child - -As much as a year or two passed before the men arrived in Bethlehem. Jesus was no longer a baby. - -# the house - -They were no longer staying in the place for animals where he was born. diff --git a/content/23/10.md b/content/23/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index 857fd30..0000000 --- a/content/23/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# When these men saw Jesus with his mother - -The connecting word **When** introduces a simultaneous clause. When they saw Jesus, the wisemen bowed down and worshiped. It was their simultaneous response to seeing him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]]) - -# bowed down - -This could mean ‘bowed low to the ground.’ At that time, this was the customary way of showing great respect or reverence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) - -# expensive - -This could mean ‘very valuable.’ - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/24/00.md b/content/24/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index 390e7cb..0000000 --- a/content/24/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# John Baptizes Jesus - -This title can also be translated as: “About what happened when John the Baptist baptized Jesus” or “What happened when John the Baptist baptized Jesus?” diff --git a/content/24/01.md b/content/24/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7f4f27d..0000000 --- a/content/24/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,31 +0,0 @@ -# John, the son of Zechariah and Elizabeth, grew up and became a prophet. - -This introduces a new event—John preaching as an adult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# He lived in the wilderness, ate wild honey and locusts, and wore clothes made from camel hair - -This is background information about how John lived. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# the wilderness - -This could mean ‘the desert’ or ‘a remote, desert-like place.’ There were few people living out in this area. - -# wild honey - -This honey was the natural product of bees in the wilderness; it was not cultivated by people. If that is what people would understand by the word **honey**, you may not need to call it **wild**. - -# locusts - -These were large, hopping insects with wings, like very large grasshoppers. Some people who live in the desert eat them. - -# wore clothes made from camel hair - -This clothing symbolizes that John was a prophet like the prophets from long ago, especially the prophet Elijah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) - -# clothes made from camel hair - -This could mean ‘coarse clothes made of camel hair.’ These clothes would not quickly wear out in the wilderness as other clothes would. - -# camel hair - -A camel is an animal that has very rough hair. People could make clothing out of it. This could be translated as: “rough animal hair.” diff --git a/content/24/02.md b/content/24/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5e50365..0000000 --- a/content/24/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# the wilderness - -See how you translated this word in [24:01](24/01). - -# He preached to them, saying, “Repent, for the kingdom of God is near!” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “He preached to them, telling them to repent, for the kingdom of God was near!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# Repent, for the kingdom of God is near! - -This sentence emphasizes the urgent reason for them to repent—the kingdom of God was near! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# Repent - -This is a command. It might be better to say: “Repent from your sins.” - -# the kingdom of God is near - -This could mean ‘the kingdom of God is ready to appear’ or ‘the kingdom of God will arrive soon.’ This refers to God’s ruling over people. This can also be translated as: “God’s reign is about to begin” or “God will soon rule over us as king.” diff --git a/content/24/03.md b/content/24/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index f639a69..0000000 --- a/content/24/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# When people heard John’s message, many of them repented from their sins, and John baptized them - -The connecting word **When** introduces a sequential clause. First, they heard John’s message, then they would repent and John would baptize them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) - -# repented from their sins - -This could also be translated as: “repented concerning their sins” or “changed their minds about their sins” or “turned away from their sins.” - -# did not repent - -This could mean ‘did not turn away from their sins.’ - -# confess their sins - -To confess is to acknowledge that something is true. These leaders did not want to acknowledge that they had sinned. This may be translated as: “confess that they had sinned.” diff --git a/content/24/04.md b/content/24/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8fff474..0000000 --- a/content/24/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,39 +0,0 @@ -# You poisonous snakes - -John speaks of the religious leaders as if they were poisonous snakes. Poisonous snakes are dangerous and represent evil. Alternate translation: “You are evil like poisonous snakes!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -# God will cut down every tree that does not bear good fruit, and he will throw them into the fire - -John speaks of the religious leaders as if they were trees that bear bad fruit. This metaphor means God is ready to punish sinners. Alternate translation: “God has his axe and he is ready to cut down and burn any tree that grows bad fruit” or “As a person gets his axe ready to cut down and burn a tree that grows bad fruit, God is ready to punish you for your sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -# God will cut down every tree that does not bear good fruit, and he will throw them into the fire - -This means: ‘He will judge them person who does not do good deeds and punish them.’ - -# every tree that does not bear good fruit - -John is not really talking about trees. This is an expression that compares good fruit to good actions and attitudes that come from God. - -# John fulfilled what the prophets had said, “See, I will soon send my messenger ahead of you, who will prepare your way.” - -In some languages it would be more natural to use an indirect quote for this sentence, such as: John fulfilled what the prophets had said. They told of God’s promise to send his messenger ahead of Jesus to prepare his way. - -# John fulfilled - -This could mean ‘John was doing’ what the prophet said God’s messenger would do. - -# See - -This could be translated as: “Look and see” or “Pay attention!” - -# my messenger - -This could mean ‘I, Yahweh, will send my messenger.’ - -# ahead of you - -In this phrase, the word **you** refers to the Messiah. - -# prepare your way - -God’s messenger will prepare the people to listen to the Messiah. diff --git a/content/24/05.md b/content/24/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7484725..0000000 --- a/content/24/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# He is so great - -This could be translated as: “He is so important.” - -# I am not even worthy to untie his sandals - -Untying the straps of sandals was a duty of a slave. John was saying that the one who would come is so great that John was not even worthy to be his slave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/content/24/06.md b/content/24/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 94b3360..0000000 --- a/content/24/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# Look! - -This sentence emphasizes the importance of the statement that follows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# There is - -For some languages, this would be translated as: “Here is” or “That man is.” - -# the Lamb of God - -John speaks of Jesus as if Jesus is a lamb from God. This is a metaphor that represents God’s perfect sacrifice. Jesus is called the “Lamb of God” because he was sacrificed to pay for people’s sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -# will take away - -The sacrifice of Jesus causes God to look at our sin as if it never existed. - -# world - -The word **world** is a metonym and refers to all the people in the world. Alternate translation: “all the people in the world” or “every person in the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -# the sin of the world - -This could mean ‘the sin of the people in the world.’ diff --git a/content/24/07.md b/content/24/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index d984483..0000000 --- a/content/24/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# John said to Jesus, “I am not worthy to baptize you. You should baptize me instead.” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “John told Jesus that he was not worthy to baptize him, but that Jesus should baptize John instead.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# I am not worthy to baptize you - -This could be translated as: “I am not good enough to baptize you” or “I am sinful, so I should not baptize you.” - -# But Jesus said, “You should baptize me, because it is the right thing to do.” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “But Jesus said that John should baptize him because it was the right thing to do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# it is the right thing to do - -This might also be translated as: “it is the proper thing to do” or “this is what God wants me to do.” - -# even though Jesus had never sinned - -The connecting words **even though** introduce a factual condition. Baptism is sign of repentance, but Jesus never sinned, so he had no need to repent. Jesus’ sinlessness was not questioned even though the evidence, his baptism, would seem to say he had repented of sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact]]) diff --git a/content/24/08.md b/content/24/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index 063409f..0000000 --- a/content/24/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# after being baptized - -This can be stated in active form: “After John baptized Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -# Spirit of God appeared in the form of a dove and came down and rested on him - -Possible meanings are 1. this is a simile, and the Spirit descended upon Jesus as a bird descends from the sky toward the ground or 2. the Spirit literally looked like a dove as he descended upon Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) - -# This is my Son - -This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) diff --git a/content/24/09.md b/content/24/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index a439987..0000000 --- a/content/24/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# God had told John, “The Holy Spirit will come down and stay on someone you baptize. That person is the Son of God.” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God had told John that the Holy Spirit would come down and stay on someone he baptized, and that that person would be the Son of God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# God had told John - -This could mean ‘Before this, God had told John’ or ‘Before Jesus came to be baptized, God had told John.’ - -# Son of God - -This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) - -# But when John baptized Jesus - -The connecting word **But** contrasts the fact that there is only one God, with the fact that there is God the Father, God the Son and God the Holy Spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/25/00.md b/content/25/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index 199d770..0000000 --- a/content/25/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# Satan Tempts Jesus - -This title can also be translated as: “About how Satan tried to get Jesus to sin” or “What happened when Satan tried to get Jesus to sin?” diff --git a/content/25/01.md b/content/25/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index d05723e..0000000 --- a/content/25/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# Immediately after Jesus was baptized - -This is a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# the Holy Spirit led him - -This could mean ‘the Holy Spirit guided him’ or ‘the Holy Spirit prompted him to go.’ - -# the wilderness - -This could also be translated as: “the desert” or “a remote, barren place with few people.” This place probably had very few trees or other plants, so most people would not be able to live there. - -# 40 days and 40 nights - -This means: ‘40 days, both during the day and during the night.’ Make sure the translation of this phrase does not sound like a period of eighty days. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) - -# tempted him to sin - -Since Jesus did not sin, make sure you use a word that does not imply that Satan succeeded in convincing Jesus to sin. This phrase could also be translated as: “tried to convince him to sin.” diff --git a/content/25/02.md b/content/25/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index ccd8ae8..0000000 --- a/content/25/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# Satan said to Jesus, “If you are the Son of God, turn these rocks into bread so you can eat!” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Satan told Jesus that if he was the Son of God, he should turn these rocks into bread so he can eat!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# If you are the Son of God - -Satan knew that Jesus was indeed **the Son of God**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# the Son of God - -This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) - -# turn these rocks into bread - -This may also be translated as: “make these rocks become bread” or “supernaturally change these rocks into bread.” - -# bread - -For languages where bread is not a common food, this could be translated as: “food.” In the Jews’ culture, bread was the main food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) diff --git a/content/25/03.md b/content/25/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index a8dd3d5..0000000 --- a/content/25/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# But Jesus said to Satan, “It is written” - -Jesus refused to do what Satan asked. This can be clearly stated: “But Jesus said to Satan, ‘No, I will not do that because it is written.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# Jesus said to Satan, “It is written in God’s word, ‘People do not only need bread in order to live, but they need everything that God tells them!’” - -This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jesus told Satan that it is written in God’s word, ‘People do not only need bread in order to live, but they need everything that God tells them!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# ‘People do not only need bread in order to live, but they need everything that God tells them!’ - -This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “It is written in God’s word that people do not only need bread in order to live, but they need everything that God tells them!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) - -# bread - -Make sure that you use the same word to translate **bread** here as you did in [25:02](25/02). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) - -# but they need everything that God tells them! - -Another way to translate this would be, “Rather, people need to listen to and obey everything God says.” diff --git a/content/25/04.md b/content/25/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 97b08d4..0000000 --- a/content/25/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -# He said to him, “If you are the Son of God, jump off to the ground, because it is written, ‘God will command his angels to carry you so your foot does not hit a stone.’” - -This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “He told him that if he was the Son of God, he should jump off to the ground, because it is written, ‘God will command his angels to carry you so your foot does not hit a stone.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# If you are the Son of God - -Satan knew that Jesus was indeed **the Son of God**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# the Son of God - -This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) - -# jump off to the ground - -This could mean ‘jump off this building to the ground.’ - -# it is written - -This can be stated in active form: “a prophet of God wrote long ago” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -# because it is written, ‘God will command his angels to carry you so your foot does not hit a stone.’ - -This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “because it is written that God will command his angels to carry you so your foot does not hit a stone.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) - -# so your foot does not hit a stone - -This means: ‘so that you will not be hurt at all; not even your foot will be injured on a stone.’ It could also be translated as: “so that even your foot will not strike against a stone; you will not be injured at all.” diff --git a/content/25/05.md b/content/25/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index 49eb040..0000000 --- a/content/25/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# he said, “God tells everyone, ‘Do not test the Lord your God.’” - -This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “he said that God tells everyone, ‘Do not test the Lord your God.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# “God tells everyone, ‘Do not test the Lord your God.’” - -This could be translated as: an indirect quote: “God tells everyone not to test the Lord your God.” - -# he said, “God tells everyone, ‘Do not test the Lord your God.’” - -This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “he tells everyone not to test the Lord your God” or “he says that no one should test the Lord your God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) - -# Do not test the Lord your God - -This could be translated as: “Do not make the Lord your God prove himself to you” or “Do not challenge God to take care of you even when you do not obey him.” - -# the Lord your God - -This could mean ‘Yahweh, your God’ or ‘Yahweh, who is God and has authority over you.’ diff --git a/content/25/06.md b/content/25/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4031a66..0000000 --- a/content/25/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# He said to Jesus, “I will give you all this if you bow down and worship me.” - -This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “He said to Jesus that he would give him all this if Jesus would bow down and worship him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# the kingdoms of the world - -This refers to all the greatest cities, countries, and other territories of the world. - -# I will give you all this - -This could be translated as: “I will give you all the wealth and power of these kingdoms” or “I will make you the ruler over all these countries, cities and people.” - -# I will give you - -It can be stated that Satan indeed had this authority: “I have the authority to give you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# bow down - -This means that Jesus would serve and worship Satan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) diff --git a/content/25/07.md b/content/25/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index 30d4726..0000000 --- a/content/25/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# Jesus replied, “Get away from me, Satan! In God’s word he commands his people, ‘Worship only the Lord your God. Honor only him as God.’” - -This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jesus told Satan to get away from him! In God’s word he commands his people, ‘Worship only the Lord your God. Honor only him as God.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# Jesus replied, “Get away from me, Satan! In God’s word he commands his people, ‘Worship only the Lord your God. Honor only him as God.’” - -Jesus refused to do what Satan asked. This can be clearly stated: “But Jesus said to Satan, ‘No, I will not do that. Get away from me, Satan.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# Get away from me - -This imperative may also be translated as: “Leave me” or “Leave me alone.” - -# he commands his people, ‘Worship only the Lord your God. Honor only him as God.’ - -This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “he commands his people to worship only the Lord their God, and to honor only him as God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) - -# the Lord your God - -Translate this phrase the same way as you did in [25:05](25/05). diff --git a/content/25/08.md b/content/25/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2405273..0000000 --- a/content/25/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# did not give in to - -This could be translated as: “did not do the things that Satan was tempting him to do.” - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/26/00.md b/content/26/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index af1706b..0000000 --- a/content/26/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# Jesus Starts His Ministry - -This title can also be translated as: “About how Jesus began to minister to the Jews” or “What happened when Jesus began to minister to the Jews?” diff --git a/content/26/01.md b/content/26/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index c669cf3..0000000 --- a/content/26/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# After Jesus refused Satan’s temptations, he returned - -You may prefer to make this into shorter sentences and say: “Jesus did not do the wrong things Satan tried to get him to do. Jesus defeated Satan. After that, Jesus returned.” The word **refused** can also be translated as: “rejected” or “resisted.” - -# After Jesus refused Satan’s temptations - -This begins a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# went from place to place - -That is, he “traveled to different towns and other places.” - -# Everyone - -This could mean ‘Everyone who knew him or heard about him.’ diff --git a/content/26/02.md b/content/26/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index a02bb1a..0000000 --- a/content/26/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# the place of worship - -This could mean ‘the building where the Jews gathered to worship God.’ This can also be translated as: “the worship building.” - -# a scroll - -A scroll was a long sheet of paper or leather that was rolled up and had writing on it. - -# a scroll with the messages of the prophet Isaiah - -This could mean ‘a scroll that had the words that the prophet Isaiah had written.’ Isaiah had written on a scroll hundreds of years before. This was a copy of that scroll. - -# opened up the scroll - -This could be translated as: “rolled open the scroll” or “unrolled the scroll.” diff --git a/content/26/03.md b/content/26/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index e438553..0000000 --- a/content/26/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# Jesus read, “God has given me his Spirit so that I can proclaim good news to the poor. He has sent me to set prisoners free, to make the blind people see again, and to free those whom others are oppressing. This is the time when the Lord will be merciful to us and help us.” - -This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jesus read that God had given him his Spirit so that he could proclaim good news to the poor. He had sent him to set prisoners free, to make the blind people see again, and to free those whom others are oppressing. This is the time when the Lord will be merciful to us and help us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# proclaim good news to the poor - -This could mean ‘to tell poor and needy people the good message that God will help them.’ - -# to set prisoners free - -This could mean ‘to tell people who are wrongfully in prison that they will be released.’ diff --git a/content/26/04.md b/content/26/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 580797a..0000000 --- a/content/26/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# Jesus said, “The things I just read to you, they are happening right now.” - -This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jesus said that the things he just read to them, they are happening right now.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# The things I just read to you, they are happening right now - -Other ways to translate this would be “The things you just heard me read are being fulfilled right now” or “Today the things I read to you came true as you heard them.” - -# amazed - -Translate the word **amazed** with a term that means that they were surprised, shocked, and confused about how this could be possible. - -# Isn’t this the son of Joseph? - -This is a rhetorical question. This could also be translated as: “This man is only the son of Joseph!” or “Everyone knows he is just Joseph’s son!” The people were not asking if he was Joseph’s son or not. They were wondering how he could be the Messiah since they thought he was only the son of an ordinary man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) diff --git a/content/26/05.md b/content/26/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5afe678..0000000 --- a/content/26/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# Then Jesus said, “It is true that people never accept a prophet in the town he grew up in. During the time of the prophet Elijah, there were many widows in Israel. But when it did not rain for three and a half years, God did not send Elijah to help a widow from Israel. Instead, he sent Elijah to a widow in a different nation.” - -This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jesus said that it was true that people never accept a prophet in the town he grew up in. He also said that during the time of the prophet Elijah, there were many widows in Israel, but when it did not rain for three and a half years, God did not send Elijah to help a widow from Israel. Instead, he sent Elijah to a widow in a different nation.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# people never accept a prophet in the town he grew up in - -This proverb means ‘people do not recognize the authority of a prophet who has grown up among them.’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) - -# During the time of the prophet Elijah - -This is background information about what happened when Elijah was alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) diff --git a/content/26/06.md b/content/26/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index dea45af..0000000 --- a/content/26/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# Jesus continued, saying, “And during … ” - -This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jesus continued, saying that during….” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# during the time of the prophet Elisha - -This is background information about what happened when Elisha was alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# Elisha - -Elisha was God’s prophet who came after Elijah. Like Elijah, Elisha confronted Israelite kings who were sinning against God and he did miracles that God gave him power to do. - -# a commander - -This could mean ‘a military leader.’ - -# they were furious at him - -The Jews did not want to hear that God had blessed any people besides themselves, so they were very angry at what Jesus said. diff --git a/content/26/07.md b/content/26/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index e27a49d..0000000 --- a/content/26/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# the place of worship - -This could mean ‘the building where the Jewish people gathered to worship God.’ This can also be translated as: “the worship building.” See how you translated it in [26:02](26/02). - -# But Jesus walked through the crowd - -To show that the people were not able to do to Jesus what they had planned to do, **But** could be translated with a strong contrast word or phrase such as: “But instead” or “However.” diff --git a/content/26/08.md b/content/26/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0930775..0000000 --- a/content/26/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# went throughout the region of Galilee - -This could mean ‘all around in Galilee’ or ‘from place to place in Galilee.’ diff --git a/content/26/09.md b/content/26/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index 98340eb..0000000 --- a/content/26/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# who had demons in them - -This could mean ‘who were controlled by evil spirits.’ - -# Jesus commanded the demons - -This could also be translated as: “Jesus gave the command to the demons.” - -# The demons often shouted, “You are the Son of God!” - -This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “The demons often shouted that he was the Son of God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# “You are the Son of God!” - -This is a strong statement that Jesus is the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# the Son of God - -This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) diff --git a/content/26/10.md b/content/26/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index c0d96a9..0000000 --- a/content/26/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# learned from him - -This could mean ‘learned from what he taught them’ or ‘learned from everything he said and did.’ - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/27/00.md b/content/27/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index cd926eb..0000000 --- a/content/27/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# The Story of the Good Samaritan - -This title can also be translated as: “About how a good man from Samaria helped a Jewish man” or “What happened when a good man from Samaria helped a Jewish man?” diff --git a/content/27/01.md b/content/27/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index b37ecc1..0000000 --- a/content/27/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,31 +0,0 @@ -# One day - -This phrase introduces an event that happened in the past, but does not state the specific time. Many languages have a similar way to begin telling a true story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# an expert in the Jewish law - -This man was someone who studied and taught the laws God had given the Israelites, as well as other Jewish laws. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) - -# he said, “Teacher, what must I do to inherit eternal life?” - -This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “called Jesus **Teacher** and asked what he had to do to inherit eternal life.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# to inherit eternal life - -This could mean ‘to have life with God forever’ or ‘so that God will give me life with him forever’ or ‘to receive eternal life from God.’ The law expert was asking how he could be worthy to receive eternal life as an inheritance from God the Father. - -# eternal life - -This refers to life forever with God after the mortal body dies. See the key term page for eternal life. - -# Jesus answered, “What is written in God’s law?” - -This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jesus asked him what was written in God’s law.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# What is written in God’s law? - -This could mean ‘What is written in God’s law about this?’ Jesus asked this question because he wanted the man to think about what God’s law really teaches. - -# What is written - -This can be stated in active form: “What did God say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/content/27/02.md b/content/27/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index d1ae40e..0000000 --- a/content/27/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,47 +0,0 @@ -# The man said, “It says, ‘Love the Lord your God with all your heart, soul, strength, and mind. And love your neighbor as yourself.’” - -This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “The man said that we must love the Lord our God with all our heart, soul, strength, and mind. And love our neighbor as ourself.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# Love the Lord your God - -You may choose to say: “We must love the Lord our God.” Make sure it does not sound like the man is commanding Jesus. Rather, he is quoting what God’s law commands people to do. - -# with all your heart, soul, strength, and mind - -This could mean ‘with your whole self’ or ‘with every part of yourself.’ In some languages this might be translated as: “with all your liver, breath, strength, and thoughts.” The focus is not on each of these parts, but on all of us. Use the concepts in your language that make up the whole person. - -# heart - -The heart refers to the part of a person that has desires and emotions. - -# soul - -The soul refers to the nonphysical, spiritual part of a person. - -# strength - -Strength refers to the physical body and all of its abilities. - -# mind - -The mind refers to the part of a person that thinks, plans, and has ideas. - -# neighbor - -Although the word **neighbor** normally refers to a person who lives near us, the Jews applied the term to everyone except close relatives, foreigners, and enemies. - -# love your neighbor as yourself - -This is an ellipse. The missing information can be stated: “love your neighbor as you love yourself.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) - -# as yourself - -That is, he should love his neighbor to the same extent that he loves himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) - -# Jesus answered, “You are correct! If you do this, you will have eternal life.” - -This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jesus told him that he was correct! If he did this, he would have eternal life.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# you will have eternal life - -This can be stated in active form: “God will give you eternal life.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/content/27/03.md b/content/27/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index db52e87..0000000 --- a/content/27/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# the law expert - -This could mean ‘the expert in the Jewish law.’ See how you translated this term in [27:01](27/01). - -# he asked Jesus, “Well then, who is my neighbor?” - -This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “he asked Jesus who was his neighbor.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# who is my neighbor? - -This could also be translated as: “what do you mean by ‘neighbor’?” or “which people are my neighbors?” He knew that he did not love everyone, and was asking which people he needed to love. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/content/27/04.md b/content/27/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 49d68cd..0000000 --- a/content/27/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -The cloud-like frame around this picture indicates that Jesus is telling a story, and not necessarily explaining a historical event. - -# the law expert - -See how you translated this term in [27:01](27/01). - -# a story - -The story is in the form of a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) - -# There was a Jewish man - -This introduces a new character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) - -# from Jerusalem to Jericho - -In some languages you could translate this as: “from the city of Jerusalem to the city of Jericho” or “from Jerusalem City to Jericho City.” diff --git a/content/27/05.md b/content/27/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index 72c9e45..0000000 --- a/content/27/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Jesus continues to tell the story. - -# everything he had - -This could mean ‘everything he had with him, including the clothes he was wearing.’ diff --git a/content/27/06.md b/content/27/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index e549e67..0000000 --- a/content/27/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Jesus continues to tell the story. - -# Soon after that, a Jewish priest - -This introduces a new character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) - -# happened to walk down - -This could mean ‘happened to be traveling along.’ For some languages, it may be necessary to use a word like ‘travel’ rather than **walk** since the priest was not just walking on the road but was traveling to get to another city. - -# kept on going - -This could mean ‘continued traveling down the road.’ - -# He completely ignored that man - -This was surprising because the priests were very religious, and would have been expected to help their fellow Jew. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# ignored that man - -This could mean ‘did not help that man’ or ‘showed no concern for that man.’ diff --git a/content/27/07.md b/content/27/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index fb06616..0000000 --- a/content/27/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Jesus continues to tell the story. - -# Not long after that, a Levite - -This introduces a new character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) - -# came down the road - -This could mean ‘was traveling down that same road.’ - -# (Levites were a tribe of Jews who helped the priests at the Temple.) - -This is background information to tell the reader who the Levites were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# Levites were a tribe of Jews - -This could mean ‘Levites were from the Israelite tribe of Levi’ or ‘Levites were from the Israelite clan of Levi.’ - -# He also ignored that man - -This was surprising because the Levites served in the Temple, and would have been expected to help their fellow Jew. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# ignored - -This could mean ‘did not help.’ diff --git a/content/27/08.md b/content/27/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6e4802c..0000000 --- a/content/27/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Jesus continues to tell the story. - -# The next person to walk down that road was a man from Samaria - -This introduces a new character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) - -# to walk down - -This could mean ‘to travel along.’ These people were traveling from one city to another. Make sure that it does not sound like they were just taking a walk. - -# (Samaritans and Jews hated each other.) - -This is background information to tell the reader that the Samaritans and Jews were enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# He saw he was Jewish, but he still had very strong compassion for him - -This was surprising because the the Jews and Samaritans hated each other, so he would not have been expected to help the Jewish man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/content/27/09.md b/content/27/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index 217e41e..0000000 --- a/content/27/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Jesus continues to tell the story. - -# his own donkey - -Make sure it is clear that **his** refers to the Samaritan. - -# an inn by the road - -This could mean ‘a lodging place along the road.’ This is a place where travelers could get food and stay overnight. diff --git a/content/27/10.md b/content/27/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index 12c61e5..0000000 --- a/content/27/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Jesus continues to tell the story. - -# to continue his journey - -This could be translated as: “to continue traveling toward his destination.” - -# in charge of - -This could mean ‘who managed.’ It could be that this person also owned this lodging place. - -# He said to him, ‘Take care of this man. If you spend any more money than this, I will repay those expenses when I return.’ - -This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “He told him to take care of the man, and if he spent any more money than this, he would repay those expenses when he returned.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) - -# Take care of this man - -In order for it to be clear that this was a polite request, not an order, for some languages, it may be preferable to say: “Please take care of this man.” - -# will repay those expenses - -This could also be translated as: “will repay you” or “will pay back that money” or “will repay it.” diff --git a/content/27/11.md b/content/27/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index 826d7ee..0000000 --- a/content/27/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,39 +0,0 @@ -# Jesus asked the law expert, “What do you think? Which one of the three men was a neighbor to the man who was robbed and beaten?” - -This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jesus asked the law expert which of the three men he thought was a neighbor to the man who was robbed and beaten.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# the law expert - -This could mean ‘the expert in the Jewish law.’ See how you translated this term in [27:01](27/01). - -# the three men - -The three men were the priest, the Levite, and the Samaritan. - -# was a neighbor - -This can also be translated as: “behaved as a neighbor” or “was a friend” or “acted in a loving way.” See how you translated **neighbor** in [27:02](27/02) and [27:03](27/03). - -# a neighbor - -Jesus is using the word **neighbor** in a broader sense than in [27:02](27/02). **Neighbor** here refers to anyone that we meet who needs our help. - -# He replied, “The one who was merciful to him.” - -This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “He replied that it was the one who was merciful to him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# Jesus told him, “You go and do the same.” - -This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jesus told him to go and to do the same.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# You go and do - -This could mean ‘You, too, should go and do’ or ‘Now you must do.’ Jesus was commanding the law expert to do as the Samaritan did. - -# do the same - -This could mean ‘love others, even your enemies.’ Make sure it does not sound like “the same” is only referring to helping a wounded man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/28/00.md b/content/28/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index 93c5cac..0000000 --- a/content/28/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# The Rich Young Ruler - -This title can also be translated as: “About how a wealthy and important young man came to speak to Jesus” or “What happened when a wealthy and important young man came to speak to Jesus?” diff --git a/content/28/01.md b/content/28/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index ff9f5fc..0000000 --- a/content/28/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,35 +0,0 @@ -# One day - -This phrase introduces an event that happened in the past, but does not state the specific time. Many languages have a similar way to begin telling a true story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# a rich young ruler - -This man was already a rich and powerful political official, even though he was still young. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) - -# came up to Jesus - -This could mean ‘approached Jesus.’ - -# asked him, “Good teacher, what must I do to have eternal life?” - -This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “asked him what he must do to have eternal life.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# Good teacher - -This could mean ‘righteous teacher.’ He was not saying that Jesus was simply a skilled teacher. - -# to have eternal life - -This could mean ‘to receive eternal life’ or ‘to live with God forever.’ Also consider how **eternal life** was translated in [27:01](27/01) and see the note about that there. - -# Jesus said to him, “Why do you call me ‘good’? There is only one who is good, and that is God. But if you want to have eternal life, obey God’s laws.” - -This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jesus asked him why he called him ‘good’ since there is only one who is good, and that is God. Then he told him to obey God’s laws in order to have eternal life.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# Why do you call me ‘good’? - -Jesus is not denying that he is good. Rather, he is asking if the ruler understands that Jesus is God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -# There is only one who is good, and that is God - -Other ways to say this are: “The only one who is truly good is God” or “God is the only one who is truly good.” diff --git a/content/28/02.md b/content/28/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6aac98c..0000000 --- a/content/28/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# “Which ones do I need to obey?” he asked - -This could mean ‘Which laws do I need to obey in order to receive eternal life?’ This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “He asked him which laws he needed to obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# Jesus replied, “Do not murder. Do not commit adultery. Do not steal. Do not lie. Honor your father and mother, and love your neighbor as you love yourself.” - -This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jesus replied that he must not commit murder, or commit adultery, or steal, or lie, and must honor his father and mother, and love his neighbor as he loves himself.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# as you love yourself - -This could mean ‘as much as you love yourself’ or ‘to the same degree that you love yourself.’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) diff --git a/content/28/03.md b/content/28/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index fc45a1a..0000000 --- a/content/28/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# the young man said, “I have obeyed all these laws ever since I was a boy. What do I still need to do in order to live forever?” - -This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “the young man said that he had obeyed all these laws ever since he was a boy, and asked what he still needed to do in order to live forever.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# ever since I was a boy - -Another way to say this would be: “from the time I was a child until now.” - -# What do I still need to do - -This could mean ‘What else do I need to do’ or ‘What do I need to do in addition to these’ - -# loved him - -Jesus had compassion on him. Choose a word for love that is consistent with the kind of love God has for people. diff --git a/content/28/04.md b/content/28/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9d90090..0000000 --- a/content/28/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,31 +0,0 @@ -# Jesus answered, “If you want to be perfect, then go and sell everything you own and give the money to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven. Then come and follow me.” - -This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jesus answered that if he wanted to be perfect, then he should go and sell everything he owned and give the money to the poor, and he would have treasure in heaven. Then he should come and follow him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# you - -If your language has different words for **you** depending on the number of people intended, use the singular form. Jesus was addressing this command to this one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) - -# perfect - -This could mean ‘completely righteous.’ - -# everything you own - -This could mean ‘all of your possessions.’ - -# the poor - -That is, the poor people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) - -# treasure in heaven - -The phrase **treasure in heaven** is a metaphor that refers to a reward from God. Alternate translation: “God will reward you in heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -# treasure - -This could also be translated as: “riches” or “great wealth.” - -# in heaven - -This could also be translated as: “located in heaven when you arrive there.” This treasure will exist ‘there and then,’ as opposed to the wealth that Jesus asked the young man to give up ‘here and now.’ diff --git a/content/28/05.md b/content/28/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index ed43f86..0000000 --- a/content/28/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# heard what Jesus said - -This could mean ‘heard Jesus tell him to give away what he owned.’ diff --git a/content/28/06.md b/content/28/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 85887be..0000000 --- a/content/28/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# Jesus said to his disciples, “It is extremely hard for rich people to enter into the kingdom of God! Yes, it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God.” - -This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jesus told his disciples that it is extremely hard for rich people to enter into the kingdom of God! He said that it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# It is extremely hard for rich people to enter into the kingdom of God! - -This is a strong statement that it is extremely hard for rich people to be saved. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# to enter into the kingdom of God - -This can also be translated as: “to become a citizen in God’s kingdom.” - -# it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God - -This is an exaggerated statement in order to emphasize the difficulty of a rich person being saved. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) - -# a camel - -Camels are very large animals that are often used to carry heavy loads. If camels are not known in your language area, a phrase such as ‘a very large animal’ or ‘a beast of burden’ could be used. If you choose to substitute the name of some other large animal, such as ‘an ox’ or ‘a donkey,’ make sure that the animal would have been known by the people Jesus was talking to. - -# the eye of a needle - -This refers to the tiny hole in the end of a sewing needle. The idea of something as large as a camel going through the eye of a needle is intended to represent something that is impossible. diff --git a/content/28/07.md b/content/28/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index ca64589..0000000 --- a/content/28/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# they were shocked - -This could mean ‘greatly astonished.’ They believed that God made people rich because they were more righteous than other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# They said, “If it is like this, who will God save?” - -This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “They asked who God would save it it was like this.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# If it is like this, who will God save? - -This could also be translated as: “If God does not allow rich people to have eternal life, how can anyone else be saved?” This is perhaps a rhetorical question that means ‘If God does not save rich people, then it seems like he will not save anyone!’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -# save - -Here it refers to God not judging or condemning them for their sin, and allowing them to be citizens in his kingdom. diff --git a/content/28/08.md b/content/28/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0fe0d09..0000000 --- a/content/28/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# said, “It is impossible for people to save themselves. But nothing is impossible for God to do.” - -This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “said that it is impossible for people to save themselves, but nothing is impossible for God to do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# nothing is impossible for God to do - -This could also be translated as: “God is able to do anything, even save a rich person” or “God is able to do impossible things, so he can save even a rich person.” diff --git a/content/28/09.md b/content/28/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index b819e0e..0000000 --- a/content/28/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# said to Jesus, “We disciples have left everything and followed you. What will be our reward?” - -This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “told Jesus that the disciples had left everything and followed him, and asked what their reward would be.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# left everything - -This could mean ‘left everything behind’ or ‘given up everything we owned.’ - -# What will be our reward? - -Other ways to say this are: “What reward will we receive” or “How will we be rewarded?” or “What will God give us as a reward?” It may also be necessary to add, “because we have done this?” diff --git a/content/28/10.md b/content/28/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7f64e01..0000000 --- a/content/28/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,31 +0,0 @@ -# Jesus answered, “Everyone who has left houses, brothers, sisters, father, mother, children, or property for my sake will receive 100 times more and will also receive eternal life. But many who are first will be last, and many who are last will be first.” - -This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jesus told them that everyone who has left houses, brothers, sisters, father, mother, children, or property for his sake will receive 100 times more and will also receive eternal life. He said that many who are first will be last, and many who are last will be first.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# has left - -This could mean ‘has left behind’ or ‘has given up’ or ‘has counted as less important than God.’ - -# for my sake - -This may also be translated as: “because of me” or “on my account.” - -# 100 times more - -This could mean ‘very much more than he had before.’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) - -# many who are first will be last, and many who are last will be first - -Here **first** and **last** refer to people’s status or importance. Jesus is contrasting people’s status now with their status in the kingdom of heaven. Alternate translation: “But many who seem to be important now will be the least important, and many who seem to be unimportant now will be very important” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# many who are first will be last - -This could mean ‘many people who are important now, will not be important then.’ - -# many who are last will be first - -This could mean ‘many people who are considered to not be very important on earth will be considered very important in heaven’ or ‘Many people who are considered now to be of little value on earth will be highly valued in heaven.’ - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/29/00.md b/content/29/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index f1e0d31..0000000 --- a/content/29/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# The Story of the Unmerciful Servant - -This title can also be translated as: “About what happened when a servant did not show mercy” or “What happened when a servant did not show mercy?” diff --git a/content/29/01.md b/content/29/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index c89be05..0000000 --- a/content/29/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,35 +0,0 @@ -# One day - -This phrase introduces an event that happened in the past, but does not state the specific time. Many languages have a similar way to begin telling a true story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# asked Jesus, “Master, how many times should I forgive my brother when he sins against me? Up to seven times?” - -This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “called Jesus his master and asked him if he should forgive his brother as many as seven times when he sins against him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# Jesus said, “Not seven times, but 70 times seven!” - -This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jesus told him to forgive not only seven times, but 70 times seven!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# my brother - -This term sometimes included people who were not actually siblings, but who shared another very strong connection such as religion, ethnic background, etc. - -# sins against me - -This could also be translated as: “does something wrong against me.” - -# Not seven times, but 70 times seven! - -This could be translated as: “You should not forgive only seven times, rather you should forgive 70 times seven times.” Jesus was not talking about an exact number. He was saying that we should forgive people every time they sin against us. - -# 70 times - -This could also be written in words: “seventy times.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) - -# By this, Jesus meant that we should always forgive - -This could be translated as: “Jesus wanted to say that we should always forgive anyone who sins against us.” - -# this story - -The story is in the form of a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) diff --git a/content/29/02.md b/content/29/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0e79160..0000000 --- a/content/29/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# Jesus said, “The kingdom of God is like a king who wanted to settle accounts with his servants. One of his servants owed a huge debt worth 200,000 years’ wages.” - -This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jesus said that the kingdom of God is like a king who wanted to settle accounts with his servants, one of whom owed a huge debt worth 200,000 years’ wages.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# The kingdom of God is like - -Other ways to say this are: “God’s rule over people is like” or “The way God rules people can be compared to.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) - -# is like a king who - -This could be translated as: “is like the kingdom of a king who” or “can be compared with the rule of a king who.” - -# to settle accounts with his servants - -This could mean ‘to collect the debts his servants owed him’ or ‘to collect the money his servants had borrowed from him.’ - -# 200,000 - -This can be written in words: “two hundred thousand years.” It represents an exceptionally long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) diff --git a/content/29/03.md b/content/29/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index 10b46ae..0000000 --- a/content/29/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Jesus continues the story. - -# the king said, ‘Sell this man and his family as slaves to pay his debt.’ - -This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “the king said to sell this man and his family as slaves to pay his debt.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) - -# Sell this man and his family as slaves - -This was a command from the king. - -# to pay his debt - -This could mean ‘to pay back the money he owed to the king.’ - -# to pay his debt - -It can be stated that the reason the man would be sold was so that the money received from selling him could pay part of what he owed to they king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/content/29/04.md b/content/29/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 30d56ed..0000000 --- a/content/29/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Jesus continues the story. - -# fell on his knees - -This could mean ‘quickly knelt down on the ground.’ This was a way to show his humility and his desire for the king to help him. Make sure it doesn’t sound like he fell down accidentally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) - -# before the king - -This means: ‘in front of the king.’ - -# and said, ‘Please be patient with me, and I will pay the full amount that I owe you.’ - -This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “and asked him to please be patient with him, and he would pay the full amount that he owed him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) - -# felt pity - -This could mean ‘felt compassion for’ or ‘felt sorry for.’ The king knew that the servant and his family would suffer greatly if they were sold into slavery. - -# canceled all of his debt - -This can be translated as: “said that the servant did not need to pay back any of the money that he owed the king.” diff --git a/content/29/05.md b/content/29/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index f1ab9a4..0000000 --- a/content/29/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Jesus continues the story. - -# a fellow servant - -This refers to another man who was also a servant of the king. - -# and said, ‘Pay me the money that you owe me!’ - -This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “and told him to pay him the money that he owed him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) diff --git a/content/29/06.md b/content/29/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0f67691..0000000 --- a/content/29/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Jesus continues the story. - -# The fellow servant - -Translate this phrase in the same way as in [29:05](29/05). - -# fell on his knees - -This phrase has the same meaning as in [29:04](29/04). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) - -# and said, ‘Please be patient with me, and I will pay the full amount that I owe you.’ - -This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “and asked him to please be patient with him, and he would pay the full amount that he owed him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) - -# threw his fellow servant into prison - -This could also be translated as: “had the man put into prison.” The word **threw** is figurative and means it was done in a forceful way. diff --git a/content/29/07.md b/content/29/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index b9b8c7f..0000000 --- a/content/29/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Jesus continues the story. - -# what had happened - -This could mean ‘that the servant had refused to cancel the other servant’s debt and had put him into prison.’ - -# were greatly disturbed - -This could mean ‘deeply grieved’ or ‘very distressed.’ - -# everything - -This could mean ‘they told the king what the servant had done to his fellow servant.’ diff --git a/content/29/08.md b/content/29/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index 078fd69..0000000 --- a/content/29/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Jesus continues the story. - -# called the servant - -This could mean ‘commanded the servant to come to him’ or ‘ordered his guards to bring the servant to him.’ - -# and said, ‘You wicked servant! I forgave your debt because you begged me. You should have done the same.’ - -This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “and called him a wicked servant. He said that he had forgiven him his debts because he begged him. He should have done the same.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) - -# You wicked servant! - -The king said this to emphasize how wicked the servant was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# begged me - -This could be translated as: “pleaded with me” or “urgently asked me to be merciful.” - -# You should have done the same - -This could mean ‘You should have forgiven the man who owed you, just as I forgave you.’ - -# threw - -This could mean ‘commanded his guards to put.’ Consider how **threw** was translated in frame [29:06](29/06). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/content/29/09.md b/content/29/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index ce920d7..0000000 --- a/content/29/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,35 +0,0 @@ -# Then Jesus said - -Some languages may add: “to his disciples.” - -# Jesus said, “This is what my heavenly Father will do to every one of you if you do not forgive your brother from your heart.” - -This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jesus said that his heavenly Father will do this to every one of his disciples if they do not forgive their brother from their heart.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# This - -**This** refers back to the way the king punished the unforgiving servant in [29:08](29/08). - -# you…you…your…your - -All occurrences of these words are plural. Jesus is speaking to his disciples, but this parable teaches a general truth that applies to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) - -# my heavenly Father - -This could mean ‘my Father in heaven.’ Jesus is expressing his unique, personal relationship to God the Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) - -# your brother - -See how you translated this in [29:01](29/01). - -# from your heart - -The phrase **from your heart** is an idiom that means ‘sincerely.’ Alternate translation: “with sincerity” or “truly” or “genuinely” or “honestly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -# heart - -Here **heart** is a metonym for a person’s inner being. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/30/00.md b/content/30/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0e1790b..0000000 --- a/content/30/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# Jesus Feeds Thousands of People - -This title can also be translated as: “About how Jesus fed thousands of people” or “What happened when Jesus fed thousands of people?” diff --git a/content/30/01.md b/content/30/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8b4a947..0000000 --- a/content/30/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# a quiet place - -This refers to a place with few people where they could be by themselves. diff --git a/content/30/02.md b/content/30/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 52992b1..0000000 --- a/content/30/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -This is background information about how the crowd came to be with Jesus when he performed a miracle by feeding 5,000 people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# arrived - -This could mean ‘got to the other side of the lake’ or ‘got there.’ diff --git a/content/30/03.md b/content/30/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1a20c4f..0000000 --- a/content/30/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# 5,000 men - -This can be written in words: “five thousand men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) - -# not counting the women and children - -This could mean ‘not counting the women and children who were with them’ or ‘and there were also women and children in addition to the men.’ Another way to translate this could also be, “in addition, there were many women and children.” - -# To Jesus - -This could mean ‘Jesus knew that’ or ‘Jesus understood that.’ - -# like sheep without a shepherd - -This could be translated as: “vulnerable and lost, just like sheep are when they have no shepherd to take care of them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) diff --git a/content/30/04.md b/content/30/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index a63fa64..0000000 --- a/content/30/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# Late in the day - -This could also be translated as: “When it was almost evening.” - -# told Jesus, “It is late and there are no towns nearby. Send the people away so they can go get something to eat.” - -This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “told Jesus that it was late and there were no towns nearby. So they asked him to send the people away so they could go get something to eat.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# Send the people away - -This could be translated as: “Please tell the people to go to a town” or “Shouldn’t you tell the people to go somewhere?” or “Let the people go to a town.” Make sure it sounds like a polite request, not an order. diff --git a/content/30/05.md b/content/30/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index e8d7b1c..0000000 --- a/content/30/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# said to the disciples, “You give them something to eat!” - -This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “told the disciples to give them something to eat.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# You give them something to eat! - -Jesus said this to emphasize that the disciples themselves should find food for the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# You - -The word **You** is plural, referring to the disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) - -# They responded, “How can we do that? We only have five loaves of bread and two small fish.” - -This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “They asked how they could do that, since they only had five loaves of bread and two small fish.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# How can we do that? - -This could be translated as: “We cannot do that!” or “It is impossible to do that!” The disciples were not asking an actual question. Rather, they were strongly expressing that they did not think this was possible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) diff --git a/content/30/06.md b/content/30/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 54f6ccb..0000000 --- a/content/30/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# Jesus told his disciples to tell the people in the crowd to sit down on the grass in groups of 50 people each. - -This is an indirect quotation. It can be stated as a direct quotation: “Jesus told his disciples, ‘Tell the people in the crowd to sit down on the grass in groups of 50 people each.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# 50 people - -This can be written as numerals: “fifty people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) diff --git a/content/30/07.md b/content/30/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index a75f5b3..0000000 --- a/content/30/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# Jesus took the five loaves of bread - -He did not steal the loaves. Alternate translation: “Jesus held the five loaves of bread in his hands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -# looked up to heaven - -This refers to looking up, toward the sky. The Jews believed that heaven was located above the sky. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/content/30/08.md b/content/30/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index 23dfbeb..0000000 --- a/content/30/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# broke the bread and the fish - -This could mean ‘tore the bread and the fish.’ - -# it never ran out! - -Another way to say this would be: “there was always more left!” - -# were satisfied - -This could mean ‘were no longer hungry’ or ‘were not hungry anymore.’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) diff --git a/content/30/09.md b/content/30/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index a63a699..0000000 --- a/content/30/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# 12 baskets - -This can be stated with words: “twelve baskets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/31/00.md b/content/31/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index 55c82d0..0000000 --- a/content/31/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# Jesus Walks on Water - -This title can also be translated as: “About how Jesus walked on the sea” or “What happened when Jesus walked on the sea?” diff --git a/content/31/01.md b/content/31/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7bcf304..0000000 --- a/content/31/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# After Jesus fed the crowd, he told the disciples to get into a boat. - -This introduces a new event. Jesus would come to the disciples on the water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# a mountainside - -This could mean ‘the side of a mountain.’ diff --git a/content/31/02.md b/content/31/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index aa86c07..0000000 --- a/content/31/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# During this time - -This could mean ‘While Jesus was praying on the mountainside.’ - -# rowing their boat - -The boat had a sail, but it would not have worked when the wind was against them. diff --git a/content/31/04.md b/content/31/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 16be878..0000000 --- a/content/31/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# a ghost - -This could mean ‘a spirit.’ They thought Jesus was a spirit, since normally a human being cannot walk on water. - -# so he called out to them and said, “Do not be afraid. It is I!” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “so he called out to them and told them not to be afraid, for it was he!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# Do not be afraid - -For some languages, it may be more natural to say here: “Stop being afraid.” - -# It is I! - -For some, it might be more natural to translate this as: “It is me, Jesus.” diff --git a/content/31/05.md b/content/31/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index b31ef88..0000000 --- a/content/31/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# if it is you - -This could mean ‘if it is really you, and not a ghost.’ - -# Jesus told Peter, “Come!” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jesus told Peter to come to him!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# Come! - -This could mean ‘Come here’ or ‘Come to me’ or ‘Come, walk to me.’ diff --git a/content/31/06.md b/content/31/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6b33d3a..0000000 --- a/content/31/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# turned his eyes away from - -This expression means ‘looked away from.’ It could also be translated as: “stopped looking at.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) diff --git a/content/31/07.md b/content/31/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index ae18eaa..0000000 --- a/content/31/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# You have so little faith! - -This may also be translated as: “You have so little faith in me!” or “You do not trust me very much!” - -# Why did you not trust me to keep you safe? - -Jesus uses a question to tell Peter that he should not have doubted. You can make explicit what Peter should not have doubted. Alternate translation: “you should not have doubted that I could keep you from sinking!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/content/31/08.md b/content/31/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index 624c0be..0000000 --- a/content/31/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# The disciples were amazed - -If you need to be more specific, it can be stated what they were amazed by. Alternate translation: “They were completely amazed at what he had done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# They worshiped him and said to him, “Truly, you are the Son of God.” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “They worshiped him and said to him that he was truly the Son of God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# Truly, you are the Son of God - -Other ways to say this would be: “You really are the Son of God” or “It really is true that you are the Son of God.” - -# the Son of God - -This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/32/00.md b/content/32/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5d87430..0000000 --- a/content/32/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# Jesus Heals a Demon-Possessed Man…a Sick Woman - -This title can also be translated as: “About how Jesus healed a sick woman and a man who was possessed by a demon” or “What happened when Jesus healed a sick woman and a man who was possessed by a demon?” diff --git a/content/32/01.md b/content/32/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index b5828fb..0000000 --- a/content/32/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# the Gerasene people - -The Gerasenes lived in an area along the eastern shore of the Sea of Galilee. They were descendants of the Jews, but we know few details about them. diff --git a/content/32/02.md b/content/32/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 12418dd..0000000 --- a/content/32/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# was demon possessed - -This could mean ‘had demons in him’ or ‘was controlled by evil spirits.’ diff --git a/content/32/03.md b/content/32/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3299f0c..0000000 --- a/content/32/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# This man was so strong that nobody could control him. Sometimes people even fastened his arms and legs with chains, but he kept breaking them. - -This is background information about the man who was possessed by a demon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# fastened his arms and legs - -This could mean ‘restrained’ or ‘bound.’ - -# kept breaking them - -Some languages may need to say: “kept breaking the chains.” diff --git a/content/32/04.md b/content/32/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 04e155b..0000000 --- a/content/32/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# among the tombs - -This could mean ‘near the tombs’ or ‘around the tombs.’ diff --git a/content/32/05.md b/content/32/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7ac48e1..0000000 --- a/content/32/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# knelt down in front of him - -This was a symbolic action to show that he was submitting to Jesus and asking for his help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) - -# said, “Come out of this man!” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “told him to come out of the man!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) diff --git a/content/32/06.md b/content/32/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index bbc3c77..0000000 --- a/content/32/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,31 +0,0 @@ -# cried out - -This could mean ‘shouted’ or ‘exclaimed.’ - -# What do you want with me, Jesus, Son of the Most High God? - -This is not a real question asking for information. The demon was terrified that Jesus would judge him. Some languages will have to express this as a statement such as: “Please do not judge me, Jesus, Son of the Most High God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -# What do you want with me - -This expression means ‘What are you going to do to me?’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -# Son of the Most High God - -This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) - -# the Most High God - -This could mean ‘the Supreme God’ or ‘the Most Sovereign God’ or ‘the Most Powerful God.’ The meaning of **high** here refers to God’s greatness. It does not refer to altitude or being tall. - -# “My name is Legion, because we are many.” - -A legion was a group of several thousand soldiers in the Roman army. The name **Legion** is a metaphor that speaks of the demons as if they were a large group of soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -# Legion - -This was the name of the group of demons, but it also indicates that the evil spirits were very numerous. Use the name if the note that follows will make the meaning clear in your language. If not, you may need to translate the word as something like ‘Army’ or ‘Crowd’ or ‘Thousands.’ - -# we are many - -This could mean ‘there are many of us’ or ‘we are many demons.’ diff --git a/content/32/07.md b/content/32/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1d39f89..0000000 --- a/content/32/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# do not send us - -This could mean ‘do not make us go.’ - -# There was a herd of pigs feeding on a nearby hill. - -This is background information about the pigs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# Please send us - -This could mean ‘Please let us go.’ Here **us** is exclusive. It refers to the demons only, and does not include Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) - -# instead - -This could mean ‘instead of making us go away.’ diff --git a/content/32/08.md b/content/32/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index 01b10d6..0000000 --- a/content/32/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# 2,000 pigs - -This can be written in words: “two thousand pigs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) - -# herd - -This could mean ‘herd of pigs’ or ‘group of pigs.’ Many languages have specific names for groups of animals, such as “flock of sheep,” “herd of cattle,” “pack of dogs,” and “school of fish.” Use a word that can appropriately be used for a large group of pigs. diff --git a/content/32/09.md b/content/32/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index cd09ad9..0000000 --- a/content/32/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# what happened - -This could mean ‘how Jesus sent the demons out of the man and into the pigs.’ - -# who used to have the demons - -This could mean ‘in whom the demons had lived’ or ‘who had been controlled by the evil spirits.’ diff --git a/content/32/10.md b/content/32/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index e9c4958..0000000 --- a/content/32/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# The people - -Some languages may prefer to say: “The people from that region” or “The Gerasene people.” - -# were very afraid and asked Jesus to leave - -This is an ellipse. The missing information can be stated: “were very afraid of Jesus and asked him to leave.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) - -# begged to go along with Jesus - -This could mean ‘begged Jesus to let him go with him’ or ‘earnestly asked Jesus if he could go with him.’ diff --git a/content/32/11.md b/content/32/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4ba1fea..0000000 --- a/content/32/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# Jesus said to him, “No. I want you to go home and tell everyone what God has done for you. Tell them how he has had mercy on you.” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jesus told him to go home and tell everyone what God has done for him, and to tell them how God had mercy on him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# how he has had mercy on you - -This can be translated as: “how he has shown mercy to you” or “that he has been merciful to you.” diff --git a/content/32/12.md b/content/32/12.md deleted file mode 100644 index cc4baea..0000000 --- a/content/32/12.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# heard his story - -This could mean ‘heard the man tell what had happened to him.’ diff --git a/content/32/13.md b/content/32/13.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5461961..0000000 --- a/content/32/13.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# Jesus returned to the other side of the lake - -It is implied that the disciples were with Jesus. This can be clearly stated: “Jesus and his disciples returned to the other side of the lake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# pressed in on him - -This could mean ‘pushed tightly against him’ or ‘crowded in tightly around him.’ - -# In the crowd was a woman - -This introduces the woman as a new character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) - -# a bleeding problem - -The woman did not have an open wound; rather, her monthly flow of blood would not stop. Your language may have a polite way to refer to this condition. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) - -# she only got worse - -This could mean ‘her condition only got worse’ or ‘ her health got worse instead of better’ or ‘instead she became more sick.’ diff --git a/content/32/14.md b/content/32/14.md deleted file mode 100644 index 41e2855..0000000 --- a/content/32/14.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# I’m sure that if I can just touch Jesus’ clothes, then I will be healed too! - -She said this to herself before she touched Jesus’ garment. This tells why she touched Jesus’ garment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) - -# if I can just touch Jesus’ clothes - -According to Jewish law, she was not supposed to touch anyone. She touches his clothes so that Jesus’ power would heal her and yet (she thought) he would not know that she touched him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# I will be healed - -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “it will heal me” or “his power will heal me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/content/32/15.md b/content/32/15.md deleted file mode 100644 index e21cb15..0000000 --- a/content/32/15.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# power had gone out from him - -This may be translated as: “healing power had flowed from him into someone else” or “his power had healed someone.” Jesus did not lose any power because of this. - -# he turned around and asked, “Who touched me?” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “he turned around and asked who touched him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# Why did you ask, ‘Who touched me?’ - -This is a quotation within a quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Why did you ask who touched you?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) diff --git a/content/32/16.md b/content/32/16.md deleted file mode 100644 index d59fbbd..0000000 --- a/content/32/16.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# fell on her knees - -This could mean ‘quickly knelt down.’ She knelt down before Jesus as an act of honor and submission. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) - -# before Jesus - -This could mean ‘in front of Jesus.’ - -# shaking and very afraid - -This could mean ‘shaking with fear’ or ‘trembling because she was afraid.’ - -# Your faith has healed you - -Here **faith** is an abstract noun. This could also be translated as: “God has healed you because you trusted in him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) - -# Go in peace - -People spoke this traditional blessing when they left each other. Other languages may say something similar such as: “Go well” or “Go with God” or “Peace.” Other ways of translating it could be: “May you have peace as you go” or “Go and know that all is well between us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/33/00.md b/content/33/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9861f3f..0000000 --- a/content/33/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# The Story of the Farmer - -This title can also be translated as: “About a farmer who planted some seed” or “What happened when a farmer planted some seed?” diff --git a/content/33/01.md b/content/33/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 032ca73..0000000 --- a/content/33/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# One day - -This phrase introduces an event that happened in the past, but does not state the specific time. Many languages have a similar way to begin telling a true story. diff --git a/content/33/02.md b/content/33/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 59658b6..0000000 --- a/content/33/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# this story - -The story is in the form of a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) - -# spreading the seed by hand - -This could mean ‘throwing the seed on the soil’ or ‘covering all of his crop soil with seed.’ This is the way that farmers in the ancient Middle East typically planted grain-bearing crops. diff --git a/content/33/03.md b/content/33/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index bc68bd8..0000000 --- a/content/33/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Jesus continues the story. - -# the rocky ground - -This could mean ‘ground that was full of rocks.’ diff --git a/content/33/04.md b/content/33/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3777587..0000000 --- a/content/33/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Jesus continues the story. - -# choked it out - -This can also be translated as: “overshadowed it” or “crowded it out.” - -# the thorny ground - -This could mean ‘the ground that was covered with thorny bushes.’ diff --git a/content/33/05.md b/content/33/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index cb63991..0000000 --- a/content/33/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Jesus continues the story. - -# good soil - -This could mean ‘fertile soil’ or ‘soil that was good for growing plants.’ - -# 30, 60, or even 100 times - -This can be written in words: “thirty, sixty, or even one hundred times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) diff --git a/content/33/06.md b/content/33/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3773431..0000000 --- a/content/33/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# This story confused the disciples. - -This could mean ‘The disciples did not understand this story.’ - -# The seed is the word of God - -The **word** represents God’s message. Sowing the message represents teaching it. Alternate translation: “The sowing of the seed is teaching people God’s message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -# The path is a person who hears God’s word, but does not understand it - -The **path** represents the person who hears God’s word. Alternate translation: “The path is like the person who hears God’s message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -# is a person - -This comparison can also be translated as: “is like a person” or “represents a person” or “refers to a person” or “is speaking about a person.” - -# takes the word away from him - -This may also be translated as: “takes God’s word away, causing him to forget it” or “steals the word from his heart so he won’t believe it and be saved.” You may also add the following: ‘just as birds eat up the seed that falls on a path.’ diff --git a/content/33/07.md b/content/33/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index cbf83d4..0000000 --- a/content/33/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Jesus continues to explain the story. - -# The rocky ground is a person who hears God’s word and accepts it with joy - -The **rocky ground** represents the person who hears and accepts God’s word for a short time. Alternate translation: “The rocky ground is like the person who hears God’s message and accepts it with joy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -# The rocky ground - -See how you translated this term in [33:03](33/03). - -# is a person - -See how you translated this comparison in [33:06](33/06). - -# accepts it with joy - -This metaphor speaks of believing God’s word as accepting it. Alternate translation: “joyfully believes it” or “joyfully agrees that it is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -# he suffers hardships, or when other people make him suffer - -It may be helpful to explain that tribulation comes because people believe God’s message. Alternate translation: “he suffers because he believe God’s message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# falls away - -This could mean ‘no longer follows God or obeys him’ or ‘stops following or obeying God.’ diff --git a/content/33/08.md b/content/33/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index 78b28fa..0000000 --- a/content/33/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Jesus continues to explain the story. - -# The thorny ground is a person who hears God’s word - -The **thorny ground** represents the person who hears God’s word, but then ignores it. Alternate translation: “The thorny ground is like the person who hears God’s message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -# The thorny ground - -See how you translated this term in [33:04](33/04). - -# is a person - -See how you translated this comparison in [33:06](33/06). - -# He is like wheat stalks - -Jesus speaks of the person as if he is like stalks of wheat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) - -# do not produce any grain - -This could mean ‘do not produce spiritual fruit’ or ‘do not behave in a way that shows God’s Spirit is working in him.’ - -# grain - -Jesus speaks of a person’s good works as if they were grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/content/33/09.md b/content/33/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index c344a45..0000000 --- a/content/33/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Jesus continues to explain the story. - -# the seed in the good soil is a person who hears the word of God, believes it, and produces fruit - -The **seed in the good soil** represents the person who hears and believes God’s word, and produces fruit as a result. Alternate translation: “The seed in the good soil is like the person who hears and understand God’s message, and then produces fruit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -# the good soil - -See how you translated this term in [33:05](33/05). - -# is a person - -See how you translated this comparison in [33:06](33/06). - -# produces fruit - -This could mean ‘produces spiritual fruit’ or ‘behaves in a way that shows God’s Spirit is working in him.’ - -# fruit - -Jesus speaks of a person’s good works as if they were fruit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/34/00.md b/content/34/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index 36a0e52..0000000 --- a/content/34/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# Jesus Teaches Other Stories - -This title can also be translated as: “About other stories that Jesus taught” or “What other stories did Jesus teach?” diff --git a/content/34/01.md b/content/34/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 60ca2ca..0000000 --- a/content/34/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# stories - -Jesus used these stories as parables to teach truths about God’s kingdom. It is not clear if the events actually happened or not. If your language has a term that includes both fictional and real stories, you should use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) - -# The kingdom of God is like a mustard seed - -This simile speaks of the kingdom of God as if it were a mustard seed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) - -# the mustard seed is the smallest seed of all - -Mustard seeds were the smallest seeds known to the original hearers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# a mustard seed - -This probably refers to the seed of the black mustard plant, which has tiny seeds that rapidly grow into very large plants. If there is a word for this plant in your language, you should use it. If not, you may need to substitute the name of another plant which has the same characteristics. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) - -# the smallest seed of all - -That means the smallest of all the seeds that people plant. diff --git a/content/34/02.md b/content/34/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1706d02..0000000 --- a/content/34/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Jesus continues the story. - -# the mustard seed - -See how you translated this term in [34:01](34/01). - -# grows - -You may want to add: “into a mature plant.” - -# the garden plants - -This can also be translated as: “the plants that would be planted in a garden.” - -# rest in - -This may also be translated as: “sit on” or “perch on.” diff --git a/content/34/03.md b/content/34/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index 15045db..0000000 --- a/content/34/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# story - -The story is in the form of a parable. See how you translated **story** in [34:01](34/01). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) - -# The kingdom of God is like yeast - -The kingdom of God is spoken of as if it were yeast that is mixed into dough. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) - -# yeast - -This can also be translated as: “leaven” or “the little bit of leaven.” It is added to bread dough to make it rise. A little bit of yeast mixed into a large amount of dough makes the whole batch of dough rise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# bread dough - -This is a mixture of flour and liquid that can be shaped and baked into bread. If you do not have words for dough or flour, you can borrow a word for flour or call it ‘ground-up grain.’ - -# it spreads throughout the dough - -This could mean ‘every part of the dough has yeast in it’ or ‘the yeast grows throughout all the dough.’ diff --git a/content/34/04.md b/content/34/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4d3aef7..0000000 --- a/content/34/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Jesus told another story. - -# The kingdom of God is also like treasure - -The kingdom of God is spoken of as if it were a hidden treasure in a field. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) - -# treasure - -This means something that is very valuable. - -# buried it again - -It is also possible to add: “so that no one else would find it.” - -# filled with joy - -Other ways to say this are: “very happy” or “excited.” - -# so he could buy that field where the treasure was - -The implied information is that the person buys the field to take possession of the hidden treasure. This can be clearly stated: “so he could buy that field to make the treasure his own.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/content/34/05.md b/content/34/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2a0df86..0000000 --- a/content/34/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Jesus continues with another story about the kingdom of God. - -# The kingdom of God is also like a perfect pearl of great value - -The kingdom of God is spoken of as if it were a perfect pearl that was worth a lot of money. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) - -# a perfect pearl - -This means ‘a pearl without any defects.’ - -# a pearl - -If pearls are unknown, this can be translated as: “a beautiful stone” or “a beautiful stone-like thing.” - -# of great value - -This could mean ‘that was very valuable’ or ‘that was worth a lot of money.’ - -# a pearl merchant - -This could mean ‘a pearl dealer’ or ‘a pearl trader.’ This refers to a person whose business is buying and selling pearls. diff --git a/content/34/06.md b/content/34/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 12bf5c3..0000000 --- a/content/34/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# Jesus told them this story - -Jesus told this story in the form of a parable. It may or may not refer to an event that actually happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) - -# story - -See how you translated this term in [34:01](34/01). - -# despised others - -This could mean ‘considered other people to be inferior to them’ or ‘looked down on other people.’ - -# a tax collector…a religious leader - -Religious leaders thought that they themselves were the best examples of righteous good people, and they thought that tax collectors were the most unrighteous sinners. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/content/34/07.md b/content/34/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index a0016b2..0000000 --- a/content/34/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Jesus continues the story. - -# The religious leader prayed like this, ‘Thank you, God, that I am not a sinner like other men—such as robbers, unjust men, adulterers, or even like that tax collector over there.’ - -This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “The religious leader prayed and thanked God that he was not a sinner like other men—such as robbers, unjust men, adulterers, or even like the tax collector.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) - -# The religious leader prayed like this - -Other ways to say this are: “This is how the religious leader prayed” or “The religious leader prayed in this way.” - -# I am not a sinner like - -This could mean ‘I am not sinful like’ or ‘I am righteous, not like.’ - -# such as robbers, unjust men, adulterers, or even like that tax collector - -The Pharisees believed that tax collectors were as sinful as robbers, unrighteous people, and adulterers. This could be made explicit. Alternate translation: “and I am certainly not like this sinful tax collector who cheats people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# unjust men - -This could mean ‘men who are not righteous’ or ‘people who do evil things’ or ‘law breakers.’ diff --git a/content/34/08.md b/content/34/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index b7bb67e..0000000 --- a/content/34/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Jesus continues to tell of the religious leader’s prayer. - -# ‘For example, I fast two times every week and I give you ten percent of all the money and goods that I receive.’ - -This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “‘The religious leader said he fasted fast two times every week and gave God ten percent of all the money and goods that he received.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) - -# I fast - -The religious ruler believed that doing this would earn favor with God. - -# ten percent - -This means one-tenth. diff --git a/content/34/09.md b/content/34/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1201dd7..0000000 --- a/content/34/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Jesus continues the story. - -# stood far away - -This can also be translated as: “stood at a distance” or “stayed separate.” - -# did not even look up to heaven - -The word **up** indicates that people normally looked up to heaven when praying to God, but that this man did not because he was so ashamed of his sin. - -# he pounded on his chest with his fist - -This could also be translated as: “because of his grief, he hit his chest with his fist” or “he pounded his chest in sorrow.” If people would find this hard to understand because they beat their chest for other reasons, you could translate this as: “he showed his despair.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) - -# and prayed, ‘God, please be merciful to me because I am a sinner.’ - -This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “and prayed and begged God to be merciful to him because he was a sinner.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) diff --git a/content/34/10.md b/content/34/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6569b02..0000000 --- a/content/34/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# declared him to be righteous - -This could mean ‘considered him to be a righteous person.’ Even though the tax collector was a sinner, God was merciful to him because of his humility and repentance. - -# will dishonor - -This could also be translated as: “will give a lower status to” or “will cause to not be important.” It could be translated figuratively as: “will bring down.” - -# will honor - -This could mean ‘will give a higher position to.’ - -# humbles himself - -This could mean ‘chooses to behave in a humble way’ or ‘has a humble attitude about himself.’ - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/35/00.md b/content/35/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9506aeb..0000000 --- a/content/35/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# The Story of the Compassionate Father - -This title can also be translated as: “About a father who had compassion on his son” or “What happened when a father had compassion on his son?” diff --git a/content/35/01.md b/content/35/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index d710d9f..0000000 --- a/content/35/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# One day - -This phrase introduces an event that happened in the past, but does not state the specific time. Many languages have a similar way to begin telling a true story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# tax collectors - -Tax collectors were considered to be the worst of sinners because often they stole money from people by collecting a higher tax than the government required and keeping the difference for themselves. diff --git a/content/35/02.md b/content/35/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index d918f1b..0000000 --- a/content/35/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# story - -Jesus used this story to teach truths about God’s kingdom. It is not clear if the events actually happened or not. If your language has a term that includes both fictional and real stories, you should use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) diff --git a/content/35/03.md b/content/35/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index aec6fac..0000000 --- a/content/35/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Jesus tells the story. - -# There was a man - -This introduces a new character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) - -# told his father, ‘Father, I want my inheritance now!’ - -This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “told his father that he wanted his inheritance right away!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) - -# I want my inheritance now! - -The son said this to emphasize that he was not willing to wait until after his father died in order to receive his inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# my inheritance - -This could be translated as: “the part of your wealth that will be rightfully mine when you die.” - -# property - -This could mean ‘wealth’ or ‘possessions.’ This property would probably have included land, animals, and money. diff --git a/content/35/04.md b/content/35/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0f54bad..0000000 --- a/content/35/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Jesus continues the story. - -# wasted his money - -This could mean ‘spent all his money without getting anything of value in exchange.’ In some languages it can be translated as: “threw his money away” or “ate all his money.” - -# sinful living - -This could mean ‘doing sinful things.’ diff --git a/content/35/05.md b/content/35/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index 95a138b..0000000 --- a/content/35/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Jesus continues the story. - -# a severe famine occurred - -This could mean ‘there was very little food.’ In some languages this might be translated as: “there was a severe famine.” - -# no money to buy food - -Because of the famine, food was very expensive, and he had already spent all of his money. - -# job - -This refers to work that he would do for someone else in exchange for money. If this is not clear, this sentence could start with: “So in order to earn some money, he took the only job.” - -# feeding pigs - -This could mean ‘giving food to pigs.’ This would have been considered as one of the lowest jobs in society at this time. If your language has a certain word for low status jobs, use that word. diff --git a/content/35/06.md b/content/35/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index dbc954c..0000000 --- a/content/35/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Jesus continues the story. - -# said to himself, ‘What am I doing? All my father’s servants have plenty to eat, and yet here I am starving. I will go back to my father and ask to be one of his servants.’ - -This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “asked himself what he was doing! All his father’s servants have plenty to eat, and yet he was there starving. He decided to go back to his father and ask to be one of his father’s servants.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) - -# What am I doing? - -The son isn’t really asking a question, so some languages will have to translate this as a statement. Alternate translation: “Why am I living like this?” or “I should not be living like this!” or “It doesn’t make sense for me to live like this.” diff --git a/content/35/07.md b/content/35/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index b5783ef..0000000 --- a/content/35/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Jesus continues the story. - -# still far away - -This can also be translated as: “within sight of his father’s home, but still a distance away.” The son was getting close to his father’s house but was still far enough away that most people in the house would not have seen him. Make sure it does not sound like he was still in a different country. - -# felt compassion - -This could mean ‘felt deep love and pity.’ - -# hugged him and kissed him - -The father did this to show his son that he loved him and was glad that the son was coming home. If people think that it is strange or wrong for a man to embrace or hug and kiss his son, you can substitute a way that men in your culture show affection to their sons. Alternate translation: “welcomed him affectionately” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/content/35/08.md b/content/35/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8ccbe10..0000000 --- a/content/35/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Jesus continues the story. - -# said, ‘Father, I have sinned against God and against you. I am not worthy to be your son.’ - -This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “told his father that he had sinned against God and against his father, and was not worthy to be his son.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) - -# sinned against God and against you - -This could be translated as: “sinned against God, and I have also sinned against you.” - -# I am not worthy - -It is also possible to say: “So I am not worthy” or “As a result, I am not worthy.” diff --git a/content/35/09.md b/content/35/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index f8eecfd..0000000 --- a/content/35/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Jesus continues the story. - -# servants, ‘Go quickly and bring the best clothes and put them on my son! Put a ring on his finger and put sandals on his feet. Then kill the best calf so we can have a feast and celebrate, because my son was dead, but now he is alive! He was lost, but now we have found him!’ - -This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “servants to go quickly and bring the best clothes and put them on his son, and to put a ring on his finger and put sandals on his feet! He also told him to kill the best calf so they could have a feast and celebrate, because his son was dead, but now he is alive! He was lost, but now he had found him!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) - -# Put a ring on his finger - -A ring was a sign of authority that men wore on one of their fingers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) - -# put sandals on his feet - -Wealthy people of that time wore sandals. However, in many cultures the modern equivalent would be ‘shoes.’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# the best calf - -This could also be translated as: “the fattest calf.” This was the calf that had been fattened so that, when cooked, it would taste the best. - -# my son was dead, but now he is alive! - -This metaphor speaks of the son being gone as if he were lost. This could mean ‘This is like my son was dead and is alive again!’ or ‘I grieved as if my son had died, but now I rejoice because it is as if he has come back to life!’ The father is using this expression to show how happy he is that his son has come home. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -# He was lost, but now we have found him! - -This metaphor speaks of the son being gone as if he were lost. This could mean ‘This is like my son was lost and I have found him again!’ or ‘I grieved as if my son were lost, but now I rejoice because it is as if I have found him again!’ The father is using this expression to show how happy he is that his son has come home. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/content/35/10.md b/content/35/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8d0067f..0000000 --- a/content/35/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Jesus continues the story. - -# Before long - -This can also be translated as: “Soon” or “After a little while.” diff --git a/content/35/11.md b/content/35/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1026cc5..0000000 --- a/content/35/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Jesus continues the story. diff --git a/content/35/12.md b/content/35/12.md deleted file mode 100644 index 99a3475..0000000 --- a/content/35/12.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Jesus continues the story. - -# All these years I have worked faithfully for you! - -The son said this to his father to emphasize that he thought his father was treating him unfairly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# one small goat - -A small goat would have fed fewer people than the best calf, and would not be valued as much. The older brother is complaining that his father was treating the sinful younger son better than him. - -# this son of yours - -This expression shows that the older son was angry. It shows his rejection of his younger brother and his disapproval of his father for welcoming back this wayward son. Other languages may also have an indirect way of communicating these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# wasted your money - -This could mean ‘squandered the money that you gave him’ or ‘devoured your wealth.’ If possible, use an expression that shows the brother’s anger. - -# killed the best calf - -This could mean ‘killed the best calf to eat at a feast.’ diff --git a/content/35/13.md b/content/35/13.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6784d74..0000000 --- a/content/35/13.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Jesus continues the story. - -# it is right for us - -This could mean ‘it is the right thing for us to do’ or ‘it is proper for us.’ - -# your brother - -The father refers to his younger son as **your brother** to remind the older son of his relationship to the younger son and of how he should love his younger brother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# was dead, but now is alive - -See how you translated this in [35:09](35/09). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -# He was lost, but now we have found him! - -See how you translated this in [35:09](35/09). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/36/00.md b/content/36/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2371bf9..0000000 --- a/content/36/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# The Transfiguration - -This title can also be translated as: “About when the disciples saw Jesus change before them” or “What happened when the disciples saw Jesus change before them?” diff --git a/content/36/01.md b/content/36/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8751555..0000000 --- a/content/36/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# One day - -This phrase introduces an event that happened in the past, but does not state the specific time. Many languages have a similar way to begin telling a true story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# James - -This is a different James than the one who wrote the Book of James in the Bible. To make this clear, some languages may need to use two slightly different names or to spell them differently. diff --git a/content/36/02.md b/content/36/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 70844b5..0000000 --- a/content/36/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# his face became as bright as the sun - -This simile emphasizes how bright Jesus’ appearance became. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) - -# His clothes became as white as light - -This simile emphasizes how white Jesus’ clothes became. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) - -# whiter - -This could mean ‘more white.’ diff --git a/content/36/03.md b/content/36/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index fe17485..0000000 --- a/content/36/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# appeared - -It is also possible to say: “appeared out of nowhere.” They suddenly were there. - -# in Jerusalem - -Some languages may prefer to say: “in the city of Jerusalem.” diff --git a/content/36/04.md b/content/36/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 73d669b..0000000 --- a/content/36/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# It is good for us to be here - -It is not clear whether **us** refers only to Peter, James, and John, or if it refers to everyone there, including Jesus, Elijah, and Moses. If you can translate so that both options are possible, do so. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) - -# shelters - -This can also be translated as: “lean-tos” or “garden huts” or “tents.” It refers to small, individual, temporary shelters like the Jews made from tree branches during an annual Jewish holiday. - -# did not know what he was saying - -This could mean ‘was speaking without understanding what was happening’ or ‘spoke without thinking clearly because he was so excited.’ This is background information about why Peter said what he did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) diff --git a/content/36/05.md b/content/36/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index 29d7aa7..0000000 --- a/content/36/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# a voice coming from the cloud. It said - -Here **a voice** is a metonym that refers to someone who spoke. This can also be translated as: “a voice spoke from the cloud saying” or “God spoke from the cloud and said.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -# my Son - -This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) - -# Listen to him - -This could be translated as: “He is the one you must listen to.” - -# terrified - -This could mean ‘extremely scared.’ - -# fell on the ground - -This could mean ‘quickly bowed to the ground’ or ‘immediately got down on the ground.’ Make sure the translation of **fell** does not sound like an accident. They probably did this intentionally out of awe and fear. diff --git a/content/36/06.md b/content/36/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0536e9b..0000000 --- a/content/36/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# touched them - -This could mean ‘put his hand on them.’ Some languages may prefer to specify where he touched them. If so, this could be translated as: “he touched them on the shoulder” or “he put his hand on each one’s shoulder.” - -# said, “Do not be afraid. Get up.” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “told them not to be afraid, and to get up.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# Do not be afraid - -This could also be translated as: “Stop being afraid.” - -# Get up - -This could also be translated as: “Stand up” or “Please get up.” Make sure that it sounds like Jesus spoke this with kindness. - -# the only one still there was Jesus - -It is also possible to add: “Moses and Elijah had left.” diff --git a/content/36/07.md b/content/36/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index bf8330e..0000000 --- a/content/36/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/37/00.md b/content/37/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index ec1dbfc..0000000 --- a/content/37/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# Jesus Raises Lazarus from the Dead - -This title can also be translated as: “About how Jesus made Lazarus alive again” or “How did Jesus make Lazarus alive again?” diff --git a/content/37/01.md b/content/37/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4be8403..0000000 --- a/content/37/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# There was a man named Lazarus. He had two sisters named Mary and Martha. They were all close friends of Jesus. - -This introduces Lazarus and his sisters as new characters in the story, and also provides background information about their relationship to Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) - -# One day - -This phrase introduces an event that happened in the past, but does not state the specific time. Many languages have a similar way to begin telling a true story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# Mary - -Jesus’ mother was also named Mary. This was a different woman. - -# This sickness will not end with Lazarus dying - -This can also be translated as: “The final result of this sickness will not be the death of Lazarus” or “Lazarus is sick, but death is not the final result of this sickness.” Jesus’ disciples probably thought this meant that Lazarus would not die. But Jesus knew that, although Lazarus would die from his sickness, he would live in the end. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/content/37/02.md b/content/37/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0cf35da..0000000 --- a/content/37/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# Jesus loved his friends - -This is background information about Jesus’ relationship to Lazarus and his sisters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# but he waited where he was for two days - -This could be translated as: “but he stayed where he was for two days, even though they wanted him to go and heal Lazarus.” - -# just a short time ago the people there wanted to kill you! - -The disciples said this to emphasize the great danger Jesus faced if he went to Judea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# Judea - -This refers to the southern section of Israel, which was settled by the tribe of Judah. Some languages will prefer to say: “the region of Judea.” - -# has fallen asleep - -This is an idiom that means Lazarus has died. Translate this phrase with the normal word for **asleep** in your language. Although Jesus was using this word with a different meaning, the disciples did not understand that yet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -# I must wake him - -Here **wake** is an idiom that means Jesus would make Lazarus alive again. Translate this phrase with the normal word for **wake** in your language. Although Jesus was using this word with a different meaning, the disciples did not understand that yet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) diff --git a/content/37/03.md b/content/37/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index c589c1d..0000000 --- a/content/37/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# he will get better - -The disciples intended this in the sense of: ‘there is no reason for us to go to him now, since he will get well.’ - -# I am glad - -This could be translated as: “I am happy” or “It is good that.” It does not mean he was happy that Lazarus died, but rather that he was happy that God was going to show how great he is. diff --git a/content/37/04.md b/content/37/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index fb17e2a..0000000 --- a/content/37/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# When Jesus arrived at Lazarus’ hometown, Lazarus had already been dead for four days - -This is background information about the setting and about what has happened before Jesus arrived. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# Martha - -Martha was the sister of Lazarus and Mary (See: [37:01](37/01)). - -# went out to meet Jesus - -This could mean ‘went to meet Jesus as he was coming into the town.’ - -# if only you had been here, my brother would not have died - -Martha is stating a hypothetical situation—what could have happened if Jesus had not waited for Lazarus to die before he came. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) - -# my brother would not have died - -This could mean ‘you would have healed my brother and he would not have died’ or ‘you could have prevented my brother from dying.’ - -# will give you whatever you ask from him - -This could mean ‘will do whatever you ask him to do.’ diff --git a/content/37/05.md b/content/37/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index 74efc33..0000000 --- a/content/37/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# I am the Resurrection and the Life - -This is one of several very powerful **I am **statements in which Jesus says something about his essential nature. In this one, Jesus indicates that he is the provider or source of resurrection and life. If possible, translate this phrase in a way that makes it clear that this is his essential nature. This can also be translated as: “I am the one who resurrects people and causes them to live.” - -# will live, even though he dies. - -This could mean ‘will live forever, even though he dies.’ The English word, **he** does not only refer to men. Women who believe in Jesus will also live forever. - -# will never die - -This can also be translated as: “will live forever.” - -# Martha - -Martha was the sister of Lazarus and Mary (See: [37:01](37/01)). - -# the Son of God - -This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) diff --git a/content/37/06.md b/content/37/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 78c5ef7..0000000 --- a/content/37/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# Mary - -This was the same woman as in [37:01](37/01), not the mother of Jesus. - -# fell at the feet of Jesus - -This could mean ‘knelt down at Jesus’ feet’ as a sign of respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) - -# if only you had been here, my brother would not have died - -Mary is stating a hypothetical situation—what could have happened if Jesus had not waited for Lazarus to die before he came. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) - -# my brother would not have died - -This could mean ‘you could have kept my brother from dying’ or ‘you could have prevented my brother’s death’ or ‘my brother would still be alive.’ diff --git a/content/37/07.md b/content/37/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index 01507bf..0000000 --- a/content/37/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# The tomb was a cave with a stone rolled in front of its opening - -This is background information about the tomb where they had buried Lazarus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# he told them, “Roll the stone away.” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “he told them to roll the stone away.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# he told them - -This could mean ‘he told the men there.’ He was probably not telling Mary and Martha to roll the stone away. - -# Roll the stone away - -Some languages may prefer to say: “Roll the stone away from the opening of the tomb.” - -# Martha - -Martha was the sister of Lazarus and Mary (See: [37:01](37/01)). - -# He has been dead for four days - -This could also be translated as: “He died four days ago and his body is lying there.” diff --git a/content/37/08.md b/content/37/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index d112804..0000000 --- a/content/37/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# Did I not tell you that you would see God’s power if you believe in me? - -This could mean ‘Remember that I told you that you would see God’s power if you believe in me.’ Jesus is not asking this question in order to get an answer, so some languages should translate this as a command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -# see God’s power - -This could mean ‘see the power of God displayed’ or ‘see God show how powerful he is.’ - -# rolled the stone away - -Some languages should say: “rolled the stone away from the opening of the tomb.” diff --git a/content/37/09.md b/content/37/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index e6dff16..0000000 --- a/content/37/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# Father - -This is an important title for God the Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) - -# hearing me - -This could mean ‘listening to me.’ It may be helpful to add: “as I pray to you” or “when I talk to you.” - -# Lazarus, come out! - -Jesus used this exclamation as a strong command to Lazarus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# come out - -Some languages may prefer to say: “come out of the tomb.” diff --git a/content/37/10.md b/content/37/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index ec9ef1d..0000000 --- a/content/37/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# Lazarus came out! - -This exclamation emphasizes the shocking fact that Lazarus, who had been dead, walked out of the tomb. Some languages should say: “Lazarus came out of the tomb!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# He was still wrapped in grave clothes - -This background information about Lazarus wearing grave clothes makes clear that Lazarus went directly from being dead to walking out of the tomb at Jesus’ command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# grave clothes - -This could mean ‘burial clothes.’ This can also be translated as: “burial bandages” or “strips of cloth.” - -# Many of the Jews believed in Jesus because of this miracle - -This sentence tells us what happened after Jesus raised Lazarus from the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# because of this miracle - -This could mean ‘because God had done this amazing miracle’ or ‘because Jesus had made Lazarus come alive again.’ diff --git a/content/37/11.md b/content/37/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2926727..0000000 --- a/content/37/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# envied - -This could mean ‘were envious of Jesus’ power and popularity’ or ‘envious that so many Jews were believing in Jesus.’ - -# gathered together - -This could mean ‘met together’ or ‘joined together.’ This was a not a casual meeting, but a meeting for a specific purpose–to plan how to kill Jesus. - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/38/00.md b/content/38/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9275ee0..0000000 --- a/content/38/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# Jesus Is Betrayed - -This title can also be translated as: “About when Judas betrayed Jesus” or “How did Judas betray Jesus?” diff --git a/content/38/01.md b/content/38/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9f0a5f5..0000000 --- a/content/38/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# Every year, the Jews celebrated the Passover. This was a celebration of how God had saved their ancestors from slavery in Egypt many centuries earlier. - -This is background information about the Jewish Passover. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# many centuries earlier - -This could mean ‘hundreds of years earlier’ or ‘a very long time before.’ - -# About three years after Jesus first began preaching and teaching publicly, Jesus told his disciples that he wanted to celebrate this Passover with them in Jerusalem, and that he would be killed there. - -This is background information about why Jesus was in Jerusalem in the Passover, and what would happen to him there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) diff --git a/content/38/02.md b/content/38/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9ee2b55..0000000 --- a/content/38/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# One of Jesus’ disciples was a man named Judas. Judas was in charge of the apostles’ moneybag, but he often stole money out of the bag. After Jesus and the disciples arrived in Jerusalem, Judas went to the Jewish leaders. He offered to betray Jesus by identifying him to the authorities in exchange for money. He knew that the Jewish leaders did not accept that Jesus was the Messiah. He knew that they wanted to kill him. - -This is background information about Judas and his arrangement to betray Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# in charge of the apostles’ moneybag - -This could mean ‘responsible to hold the apostles’ money’ or ‘responsible to hold the bag that had the disciples’ money in it and to distribute funds from it.’ diff --git a/content/38/03.md b/content/38/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index 47d4209..0000000 --- a/content/38/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# The Jewish leaders, led by the high priest, paid Judas 30 silver coins to betray Jesus by handing him over to them. This happened just as the prophets said it would. Judas agreed, took the money, and went away. He began looking for an opportunity to help them arrest Jesus. - -This is background information about the money Judas received to betray Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# 30 silver coins - -Each of these coins were worth about four days’ wages. diff --git a/content/38/04.md b/content/38/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9bd58db..0000000 --- a/content/38/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# celebrated - -This could mean ‘was celebrating.’ - -# took some bread - -This could be translated as: “picked up a piece of bread” or “picked up a flat loaf of bread.” - -# broke it - -This means that he broke the bread into pieces for the people to eat. Alternate translation: “broke it into pieces” or “ripped it” or “tore it.” He may have divided it into many pieces or he may have divided it into two pieces and given them to the apostles to divide among themselves. If possible, use an expression that would apply to either situation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# This is my body - -Though most understand this to mean that the bread is a symbol of Jesus’ body and that it is not actual flesh, it is best to translate this statement literally. Possible meanings are 1. “This bread is my body” and 2. “This bread represents my body.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) - -# Do this to remember me - -This could mean ‘Do this as a way to remind yourselves of what I am doing for you.’ Jesus was referring to his death, which would happen soon. diff --git a/content/38/05.md b/content/38/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7446d88..0000000 --- a/content/38/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# Drink this - -This could mean ‘Drink what is in this cup’ or ‘Drink from this cup.’ The drink in the cup was made from grapes so that it had a deep red color. - -# It is my blood - -Though most understand this to mean that the wine is a symbol of Jesus’ blood and that it is not actual blood, it is best to translate this statement literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) - -# blood of the New Covenant - -This could be translated as: “blood that makes the New Covenant possible” or “blood that is the basis for the New Covenant.” - -# I will pour out - -This could be translated as: “I will bleed out.” - -# remember me - -This could mean ‘celebrate me’ or ‘commemorate me.’ It could also be translated as: “especially focus on me” or “remind you of me.” diff --git a/content/38/06.md b/content/38/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 444a5fb..0000000 --- a/content/38/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# said to the disciples, “One of you will betray me.” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “told his disciples that one of them would betray him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# said, “The person to whom I give this piece of bread is the betrayer.” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “said that the person to whom he would give the piece of bread was the betrayer.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# give this piece of bread - -This could mean ‘hand this piece of bread.’ - -# is the betrayer - -This could also be translated as: “will betray me” or “is the one who will betray me.” diff --git a/content/38/07.md b/content/38/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1c885ec..0000000 --- a/content/38/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# Satan entered into him. - -This could mean ‘Satan went into him’ or ‘Satan took control of him.’ - -# Judas left and went - -Some languages may prefer to say: “Judas left the meal and went” or “Judas left the room and went outside.” diff --git a/content/38/08.md b/content/38/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index 115fe1d..0000000 --- a/content/38/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# Mount of Olives - -This is the name of a hill covered with olive trees, just outside the walls of the city of Jerusalem. It can also be translated as: “Olive Tree Hill.” - -# abandon me - -This could mean ‘desert me’ or ‘leave me.’ - -# It is written - -This could mean ‘It is written in God’s word’ or ‘It is written in the scriptures’ or ‘One of God’s prophets wrote.’ It is also possible to say: “What is written will happen” or “It will be like what is written.” This prophecy refers to Jesus’ death and his followers' desertion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -# I will strike - -This could mean ‘I will kill.’ Here **I** refers to God. It is implied that God will cause or allow people to harm and kill Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# the shepherd and all the sheep - -Do not use Jesus’ name in this quote because the prophet who first wrote it would not have known the shepherd’s name. Also, do not refer to the sheep being the disciples. It is best to use words that mean **shepherd** and **sheep** in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -# all the sheep will be scattered - -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will scatter all the sheep of the flock” or “the sheep of the flock will run off in all directions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/content/38/09.md b/content/38/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index cff54eb..0000000 --- a/content/38/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,31 +0,0 @@ -# replied, “Even if all the others abandon you, I will not!” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “replied that even if all the others abandoned Jesus, he would not!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# Even if all the others abandon you, I will not! - -Peter said this to emphasize that he would never abandon Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# Even if all the others abandon you - -Peter is stating a hypothetical situation—the other disciples might abandon Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) - -# abandon you - -Check to see how you translated this in [38:08](38/08). - -# I will not - -This is an ellipse. The missing information can be stated: replied, “Even if all the others abandon you, I will not abandon you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) - -# to have all of you - -This could mean ‘to completely control you’ or ‘to get you to serve him completely.’ The word **you** is plural in this phrase. All of the words **you** and **your** that follow are singular. - -# that your faith will not fail - -This could mean ‘that you will not stop believing in me.’ - -# before the rooster crows - -Roosters often crow about the time the sun comes up, so the hearers might have understood these words as a metonym for the sun coming up. However, the actual crowing of a rooster is an important part of the story later on, so keep the word **rooster** in the translation. Alternate translation: “Before the rooster crows at dawn tomorrow” or “before the rooster crows tomorrow morning.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/content/38/10.md b/content/38/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index 85fb78b..0000000 --- a/content/38/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# said to Jesus, “Even if I must die, I will never deny you!” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “said to Jesus that even if he had to die, he would never deny Jesus!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# deny you - -This could mean ‘deny that I know you’ or ‘deny that I am your disciple’ or ‘disown you.’ diff --git a/content/38/11.md b/content/38/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5645fa9..0000000 --- a/content/38/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# Then Jesus went with his disciples to a place called Gethsemane - -This introduces a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# a place called Gethsemane - -This could be translated as: “a nearby place called Gethsemane” or “a place called Gethsemane at the foot of the Mount of Olives.” - -# they would not enter into temptation - -This could be translated as: “they would not be tempted” or “Satan would not tempt them.” - -# by himself - -This could be translated as: “alone.” diff --git a/content/38/12.md b/content/38/12.md deleted file mode 100644 index abdf96a..0000000 --- a/content/38/12.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# My Father - -This is an important title for God the Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) - -# if it is possible - -This means ‘if God would allow it to happen.’ Alternate translation: “if you will allow it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# drink this cup of suffering - -Jesus speaks of the work that he must do, including dying on the cross, as if it were a bitter liquid that God has commanded him to drink from a cup. Alternate translation: “go through this suffering” or “suffer what is about to happen” or “endure this suffering.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -# let your will be done - -This expression means ‘do what you have planned’ or ‘do what needs to be done.’ diff --git a/content/38/13.md b/content/38/13.md deleted file mode 100644 index 54fd063..0000000 --- a/content/38/13.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# After each time of prayer - -This could mean ‘Every time Jesus prayed that prayer.’ This refers to the three times he prayed, as mentioned in [38:12](38/12). - -# said, “Wake up! My betrayer is here.” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “told them to wake up, for his betrayer was there!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) diff --git a/content/38/14.md b/content/38/14.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0d3e0ad..0000000 --- a/content/38/14.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# Judas came with the Jewish leaders, soldiers, and a large crowd. They were carrying swords and clubs - -This is background information about the people who came with Judas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# came to - -Some languages may prefer to say: “went to.” - -# Greetings - -This can also be translated as: “Hello” or “Peace” or “Good evening.” - -# kissed him - -Good friends would kiss each other on the cheek, but a disciple would probably kiss his master on the hand to show respect. No one knows for sure how Judas kissed Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# are you betraying me with a kiss? - -This could mean ‘are you really going to betray me with a kiss?’ Jesus is not looking for an answer to this question, so some languages would translate it as a statement, such as: “you are betraying me by kissing me!” or “you make your betrayal even worse by kissing me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) diff --git a/content/38/15.md b/content/38/15.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4751104..0000000 --- a/content/38/15.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# pulled out his sword - -This could mean ‘pulled out his sword from the place where he was carrying it.’ - -# the Father…my Father - -This is an important title for God the Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) - -# I must obey my Father - -This could mean ‘I won’t do that because I must obey my Father’s will and allow myself to be arrested.’ - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/39/00.md b/content/39/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index 79d66db..0000000 --- a/content/39/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# Jesus Is Put on Trial - -This title can also be translated as: “About when the Jews judged Jesus” or “What happened when the Jews judged Jesus?” diff --git a/content/39/01.md b/content/39/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index c42fa24..0000000 --- a/content/39/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# It was now the middle of the night - -This introduces a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# the middle of the night - -This expression means ‘halfway through the night’ or ‘very late at night.’ - -# to question Jesus - -This could mean ‘to ask Jesus questions to try to find something they could accuse Jesus of doing wrong.’ diff --git a/content/39/02.md b/content/39/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index d024909..0000000 --- a/content/39/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# put Jesus on trial - -This could be translated as: “had a formal meeting to accuse Jesus of doing something wrong.” Usually a trial is held to find out if someone is innocent or guilty of a certain crime. In this case, the leaders were determined to have Jesus found guilty. - -# lied about him - -This could mean ‘told lies about him’ or ‘falsely accused him of doing something wrong.’ - -# their statements did not agree with each other - -This could be translated as: “they said things about Jesus that were very different from each other” or “the witnesses said things about Jesus that contradicted each other.” - -# he was guilty of anything - -This could mean ‘that he had done anything wrong.’ diff --git a/content/39/03.md b/content/39/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index 82cd4e4..0000000 --- a/content/39/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# Finally - -This could mean ‘After they were unable to find any evidence against him’ or ‘After they were unable to prove that he was guilty.’ - -# the Son of the living God - -This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) diff --git a/content/39/04.md b/content/39/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 181527b..0000000 --- a/content/39/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,31 +0,0 @@ -# I am - -This could mean ‘I am as you said’ or ‘I am the Messiah and the Son of God.’ **I am** is also the name of God (See: [09:14](09/14)). By saying simply **I am**, Jesus was also saying that he is God. If possible, translate this so that people will see a similarity between Jesus’ answer and the name of God. - -# seated with God - -This could be translated as: “reigning with God.” Because God is the ruler over all, people talk about him as sitting on a throne in heaven. By saying that he would be seated with God, Jesus claimed that he had authority to rule with the Father. - -# seated with God and coming from heaven - -This could be translated as: “sitting beside God and then coming from heaven.” - -# tore his clothes because he was angry - -The Jews would tear their clothes to show grief or anger. If tearing the clothes means something else in your language, you may want to substitute a phrase such as “he was extremely angry.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) - -# We do not need any more witnesses to tell us what this man has done! - -The high priest said this to emphasize the he thought they had already proved that Jesus was guilty of blasphemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# You yourselves - -These pronouns are plural, and refer to all the members of the council. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) - -# the Son of God - -This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) - -# What is your decision about him? - -This could mean ‘Tell us what have you decided: Is he innocent or guilty?’ The chief priest wanted the religious leaders to condemn Jesus for claiming to be equal with God. diff --git a/content/39/05.md b/content/39/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index 94893ce..0000000 --- a/content/39/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# He deserves to die! - -The Jewish leaders said this to emphasize how angry they were with Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# they blindfolded Jesus - -You could translate this as: “they covered Jesus’ eyes so that he could not see.” - -# spit on him - -This could also be translated as: “spit on him to insult him” or “spit on him in order to say that he was worthless.” This was a way of showing contempt for someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) diff --git a/content/39/06.md b/content/39/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2329aec..0000000 --- a/content/39/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# You also were with Jesus! - -The servant girl said this to accuse Peter of being a criminal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# denied it - -This can be translated as: “said that it was not true” or “said that he was not with Jesus” or “said, ‘No. That is not true.’” - -# Peter denied it again - -This could be translated as: “Peter denied knowing Jesus a second time” or “again Peter said he had not been with Jesus.” - -# We know that you were with Jesus because you both are from Galilee - -The servant girl could probably tell Peter was from Galilee from the way he talked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# are from Galilee - -This could also be translated as: “are Galileans.” The people could tell from the way Jesus and Peter talked that they came from the region of Galilee. diff --git a/content/39/07.md b/content/39/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index bcc032b..0000000 --- a/content/39/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# May God curse me if I know this man! - -This is a curse that means ‘May God cause harm to me if what you say is true!’ or ‘May God punish me if I am lying to you!’ In this way Peter was saying very strongly that he did not know Jesus. He also referred to Jesus as **this man** to make it sound like he did not know him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# a rooster crowed - -**Crowed** is the loud sound that a rooster makes. Compare how you translated this in [38:09](38/09). diff --git a/content/39/08.md b/content/39/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index e72478d..0000000 --- a/content/39/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# cried bitterly - -This could mean ‘cried, feeling deep sorrow’ or ‘cried, feeling deep regret.’ - -# the one who had betrayed Jesus - -This could mean ‘who had helped the leaders arrest Jesus.’ - -# had condemned Jesus to die - -This could mean ‘had said that Jesus was guilty and must die.’ diff --git a/content/39/09.md b/content/39/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0ee5805..0000000 --- a/content/39/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# He worked for Rome - -The Roman government had appointed Pilate to govern the region of Judea in Israel. - -# condemn Jesus and kill him - -As governor, Pilate had the authority to condemn Jesus to death and to give approval for his crucifixion, or he could set him free. The Jewish religious leaders did not have the authority to have someone killed. - -# asked Jesus, “Are you the king of the Jews?” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “asked Jesus if he was the king of the Jews.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) diff --git a/content/39/10.md b/content/39/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2c9f1c9..0000000 --- a/content/39/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# my kingdom is not here on earth - -This could mean ‘my kingdom is not like earthly kingdoms.’ - -# my servants would fight for me - -This could mean ‘my disciples would fight to protect me’ so that I could establish my kingdom. - -# listens to me - -This could be translated as: “hears my teaching and obeys me.” It includes not just hearing Jesus’ words, but also doing what he says. - -# What is truth? - -This remark appears in the form of a question to reflect Pilate’s belief that no one really knows what truth is. Alternate translation: “Can anyone know what is true?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) diff --git a/content/39/11.md b/content/39/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3e9f736..0000000 --- a/content/39/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# He is not guilty - -This could mean ‘He has done nothing wrong!’ diff --git a/content/39/12.md b/content/39/12.md deleted file mode 100644 index 21b8337..0000000 --- a/content/39/12.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,35 +0,0 @@ -# begin to riot - -This could mean ‘start doing violent things in their anger.’ - -# he agreed to have - -Pilate did not want to kill Jesus because he believed that Jesus was innocent. But he was forced to tell his soldiers to crucify Jesus because of his fear of the crowd. If possible, translate this phrase in a way that shows his reluctance. - -# put a royal robe and a crown made of thorns on him - -They put the robe and crown on Jesus to mock him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) - -# a royal robe - -This could mean ‘a robe like a king’s robe.’ This robe had a bright color, so it looked like the kind of robe that a king would wear. - -# a crown made of thorns - -This could mean ‘a ring woven from thorns.’ A king would wear a crown of gold. - -# Look, the King of the Jews! - -They were saying this to mock Jesus. They were calling Jesus “King of the Jews,” but they did not really believe he was a king. And yet what they were saying was true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# Look - -This could mean ‘Look at’ or ‘Here is.’ - -# the King of the Jews - -Since the soldiers were mocking Jesus, this could be translated as: “the so-called King of the Jews.” - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/40/00.md b/content/40/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1370c5a..0000000 --- a/content/40/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# Jesus Is Crucified - -This title can also be translated as: “About how Jesus died on a cross” or “What happened when Jesus died on a cross?” diff --git a/content/40/01.md b/content/40/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index dacda3c..0000000 --- a/content/40/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# After the soldiers mocked Jesus, they led him away to crucify him - -This introduces a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# led him away - -This could mean ‘forced him to go with them.’ This could also be translated as: “took him away.” - -# to crucify him - -This could mean ‘to kill him on a cross.’ diff --git a/content/40/02.md b/content/40/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2069282..0000000 --- a/content/40/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# a place called ‘the Skull’ - -This can be stated in active form: “a place that people called ‘the Skull’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -# the Skull - -This is a small escarpment near Jerusalem with a rocky, white face which looks somewhat like a skull. - -# Father - -This is an important title for God the Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) - -# forgive them, because they do not know what they are doing - -This could mean ‘they do not understand the meaning of what they are doing, so please forgive them.’ The soldiers thought Jesus was only a criminal who deserved to die. They did not understand that he was the Son of God. Alternate translation: “for they do not really know whom they are crucifying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/content/40/03.md b/content/40/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index de8182a..0000000 --- a/content/40/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# the soldiers gambled for Jesus’ clothing - -This could mean ‘played a game of chance to win Jesus’ clothes.’ We do not know how they did this, but in some cultures it could be translated as: “tossed stones on the ground to win Jesus’ clothing” or “chose sticks to decide who could take Jesus’ clothes.” The winner received his clothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# they fulfilled a prophecy that said - -This could mean ‘they did what the scriptures had long ago predicted would happen to the Messiah’ or ‘they did what a prophet wrote long ago.’ diff --git a/content/40/04.md b/content/40/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index acfda71..0000000 --- a/content/40/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,31 +0,0 @@ -# two robbers - -This could also be translated as: “two bandits.” This refers to criminals who used force or violence to steal things. - -# Do you not fear that God will punish you? - -The robber does not expect an answer to this question; it is a way that some languages use to make a strong statement. If your language does not use questions in this way, then translate this as: “You should fear God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -# We are guilty of doing many bad things, but this man is innocent - -This could be translated as: “You and I have done evil things and deserve to die, but this man, Jesus, has done nothing wrong and does not deserve to die.” - -# We are guilty - -**We** here includes both robbers, but does not include Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) - -# this man - -This phrase refers to Jesus. - -# Please remember me - -This could mean ‘Please accept me’ or ‘Please welcome me’ or ‘Please allow me to be with you.’ **Remember** here does not mean to recall something after forgetting it. Translate this in a way that communicates a humble request. - -# in your kingdom - -This is a metonym that refers to the time when Jesus will rule. Alternate translation: “when you establish your kingdom” or “when you are ruling as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -# Paradise - -This is another name for ‘heaven.’ diff --git a/content/40/05.md b/content/40/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5c3e1fb..0000000 --- a/content/40/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# If you are the Son of God, come down from the cross and save yourself! - -The people were mocking Jesus. Alternate translation: “We do not believe you are the King of the Jews, but if you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# If you are the Son of God - -The people were mocking Jesus, but he truly was the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) - -# the Son of God - -This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) - -# believe you - -This could mean ‘believe in you’ or ‘believe that you are the Messiah.’ diff --git a/content/40/07.md b/content/40/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index ddc9296..0000000 --- a/content/40/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -# It is finished! - -This could also be translated as: “It is completed” or “I have finished it” or “I have completed the work.” This means that Jesus’ work of salvation was complete. - -# Father - -This is an important title for God the Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) - -# I am giving my spirit into your hands - -This statement is a metonym that refers to God’s care. Alternate translation: “I entrust my spirit to your care” or “I give my spirit to you, knowing you will care for it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -# bowed his head - -This could mean ‘lowered his head.’ - -# gave up his spirit - -This is a polite way to say that Jesus died. This could be translated as: “gave up his spirit to God” or “released his spirit to God and died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) - -# In the Temple, the large curtain that separated the people from the presence of God was torn in two - -This can be stated in active form: “God tore in two the large curtain in the Temple that separated the people from his presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -# the large curtain - -This was a large, strong fabric hung in the Temple. It was like a wall separating one room from another. It can also be translated as: “The thick curtain” or “The hanging fabric” or “The screen.” diff --git a/content/40/08.md b/content/40/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index f85b193..0000000 --- a/content/40/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# Through his death - -This could mean ‘By means of his death’ or ‘By dying.’ - -# opened the way - -This could mean ‘made it possible.’ - -# come to God - -This could mean ‘come near to God’ or ‘go near to God’ or ‘approach God’ or ‘know God personally.’ The tearing of the curtain showed that the barrier between God and people had been removed. - -# the Son of God - -This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) diff --git a/content/40/09.md b/content/40/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index 406855e..0000000 --- a/content/40/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# Then two Jewish leaders named Joseph and Nicodemus came - -This introduces two new characters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) - -# Joseph - -This was not Mary’s husband. It was another man named Joseph. - -# They believed that Jesus was the Messiah - -This is background information about two Jewish leaders who believed Jesus was the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# asked Pilate for Jesus’ body - -This could mean ‘asked Pilate to permit them to take Jesus’ body down from the cross.’ - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/41/00.md b/content/41/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index c86b6bb..0000000 --- a/content/41/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# God Raises Jesus from the Dead - -This title can also be translated as: “About how God made Jesus alive again” or “How did God make Jesus alive again?” diff --git a/content/41/01.md b/content/41/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0ddab5d..0000000 --- a/content/41/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# After the soldiers crucified Jesus - -The connecting word **After** introduces a sequence of events. The Jewish leaders spoke to Pilate after he had had Jesus crucified. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) - -# That liar, Jesus, said - -This could also be translated as: “That man, Jesus, lied and said.” They refused to believe that Jesus told the truth about being the Son of God. - -# rise from the dead - -This could mean ‘come back to life’ or ‘become alive again.’ - -# If they do, they will say he has risen from the dead - -The connecting word **If** introduces a hypothetical conditional relationship. The Jewish leaders thought that the disciples would only be able to say Jesus had risen from the dead if they were able to steal his body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]]) diff --git a/content/41/02.md b/content/41/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7b0991c..0000000 --- a/content/41/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# Pilate said, “Take some soldiers and guard the tomb as well as you can.” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Pilate told them to take some soldiers and guard the tomb as well as they could.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# they placed - -This could mean ‘the religious leaders and the soldiers placed.’ - -# a seal on the stone - -They put a soft material like clay or wax between the stone and the tomb and marked it with an official seal. If anyone moved the stone, the material would break and show that someone had entered the tomb. This could also be translated as: “a mark on the stone to forbid people from moving it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) diff --git a/content/41/03.md b/content/41/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index 678c868..0000000 --- a/content/41/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# No one could work on the Sabbath day - -The Sabbath day rules did not permit a Jew to walk very far or to do any other kind of work. - -# put more spices on his body - -It was the custom of the Jews to wash the body and then wrap it with strong, pleasant smelling spices to prevent the dead body from smelling bad so quickly. This was also a sign of honor and devotion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# spices - -This refers to sweet-smelling spices that were placed on a dead body to cover the bad smell. This can also be translated as: “sweet-smelling spices” or “sweet-smelling oils” or “sweet-smelling plants.” diff --git a/content/41/04.md b/content/41/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 48db405..0000000 --- a/content/41/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# Before the women arrived, there was a great earthquake at the tomb - -The connecting word **Before** introduces a sequential clause. First there was the earthquake and appearance of the angel, and then the women arrived at the tomb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) - -# there was a great earthquake - -This could also be translated as: “there was a violent earthquake” or “there was a forceful shaking of the ground.” Some languages may prefer to reword this as: “the ground began to shake violently.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) - -# was shining as brightly as lightning - -This could mean ‘whose appearance was as bright as lightning.’ - -# fell to the ground like dead men - -This is a simile that means the soldiers fell down and did not move, just like dead men do not move. They probably had fainted from fright. To make this clear, this could be translated as: “suddenly fell to the ground and did not move.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) diff --git a/content/41/05.md b/content/41/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index 515f842..0000000 --- a/content/41/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# When the women arrived at the tomb, the angel told them - -The word **When** introduces a simultaneous clause. The two events happened at the same time, the women arrived at the tomb and the angel spoke to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]]) - -# Do not be afraid - -This could mean ‘Stop being afraid.’ An angel shining like lightning was a frightening sight! - -# He has risen from the dead - -This could be translated as: “He has come back to life.” - -# His body was not there! - -This exclamation emphasizes how surprised they were that the body of Jesus was no longer in the tomb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) diff --git a/content/41/06.md b/content/41/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6b4d42a..0000000 --- a/content/41/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# “Go and tell the disciples, ‘Jesus has risen from the dead and he will go to Galilee ahead of you.’” - -This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “Go and tell the disciples that Jesus has risen from the dead and he will go to Galilee ahead of you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) - -# Go and tell the disciples - -This is a command that the angel is giving to the women. - -# from the dead - -This could mean ‘from among all those who have died.’ This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To rise from among them speaks of becoming alive again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) - -# he will go to Galilee ahead of you - -This could mean ‘he will meet you in Galilee’ or ‘he will be in Galilee when you get there.’ **You** here is plural, including the apostles and other disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) diff --git a/content/41/07.md b/content/41/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index cd4541e..0000000 --- a/content/41/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# the good news - -This can also be translated as: “the good news that Jesus was alive again.” This good news refers to the fact that Jesus had risen from the dead. diff --git a/content/41/08.md b/content/41/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index d8a0214..0000000 --- a/content/41/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# Do not be afraid. Go and tell my disciples - -These are commands that Jesus is giving to the women. - -# bowed down at his feet - -They did this symbolic action to honor Jesus as they would expect to do in the presence of a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) - -# will see me - -This could mean ‘will meet me’ or ‘can meet with me.’ - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/42/00.md b/content/42/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index e55f7fd..0000000 --- a/content/42/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# Jesus Returns to Heaven - -This title can also be translated as: “About how Jesus went back to heaven” or “How did Jesus go back to heaven?” diff --git a/content/42/01.md b/content/42/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3dfff9e..0000000 --- a/content/42/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# They had hoped that he was the Messiah, but then he was killed - -This connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. They thought the Messiah would reign as king of Israel. They did not expect him to die so they could not reconcile Jesus being Messiah with Jesus being crucified. His death was in contrast to their expectations for the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) diff --git a/content/42/02.md b/content/42/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index fb106a1..0000000 --- a/content/42/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# Jesus approached them and started walking with them, but they did not recognize him - -The connecting word **but** indicates a contrast relationship. They knew Jesus well so you would expect them to recognize him, but they did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# did not recognize him - -This could mean ‘did not know that it was Jesus.’ - -# all the things that had happened - -This refers to the teaching and miracles of Jesus, his death, and the reports of his resurrection. diff --git a/content/42/03.md b/content/42/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index 323f3b4..0000000 --- a/content/42/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# on the third day - -Some languages may prefer to say: “on the third day after his death.” diff --git a/content/42/04.md b/content/42/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index d5929ab..0000000 --- a/content/42/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# it was almost evening - -This can also be translated as: “the day was ending” or “the sun was going down” or “it was starting to get dark.” - -# he disappeared from their sight - -This could also be translated as: “he was gone” or “he was no longer there.” diff --git a/content/42/05.md b/content/42/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index f782ba8..0000000 --- a/content/42/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# That was Jesus! - -This exclamation emphasizes how shocked the disciples were to see Jesus alive again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# they told the disciples, “Jesus is alive! We have seen him!” - -This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “they told the disciples that Jesus was alive, and that they had seen him!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) - -# “Jesus is alive! - -The two disciples used this exclamation to emphasize to the other disciples that Jesus was alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# We have seen him!” - -The two disciples used this exclamation to emphasize that they not only heard that Jesus was alive, but had personally see him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) diff --git a/content/42/06.md b/content/42/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index c84c810..0000000 --- a/content/42/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# Peace to you - -‘May you have peace’ or ‘May God give you peace!’ The word **you** is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) - -# a ghost - -This refers to the spirit of a dead person. - -# Why are you afraid? - -Jesus uses this rhetorical question to comfort them. Alternate translation: “Do not be frightened.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -# Why do you not think it is really I, Jesus? - -Jesus uses this rhetorical question to mildly rebuke them. Jesus was telling them not to doubt that he was alive. Alternate translation: “Do not doubt I am Jesus!” or “Stop doubting!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) diff --git a/content/42/07.md b/content/42/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index f3af0cb..0000000 --- a/content/42/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# on the third day - -This could mean ‘after three days’ or ‘three days later.’ diff --git a/content/42/08.md b/content/42/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index e1fee21..0000000 --- a/content/42/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# proclaim - -This could mean ‘announce’ or ‘preach.’ - -# If they repent, God will forgive their sins - -The connecting word **If** introduces a hypothetical conditional relationship. If people repent, then God will forgive their sins. If they do not repent, then he will not forgive their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]]) - -# My disciples will proclaim this message starting in Jerusalem - -This could mean ‘My disciples will begin doing this in Jerusalem’ or ‘My disciples will begin to proclaim these things in Jerusalem.’ - -# You are witnesses of everything - -This could mean ‘You will tell other people all the things that.’ diff --git a/content/42/10.md b/content/42/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index 77bf4e3..0000000 --- a/content/42/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# you…You - -Each instance of **you** in this frame is plural, and refers to all the disciples present. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) - -# make disciples in all people groups - -This could mean ‘help people from every people group become my disciples.’ - -# in the name of - -Here **name** is a metonym that means both, ‘by the authority of’ and, ‘under the authority of.’ Consider translating the word **name** literally if it will be understood in this way in your language. This phrase can also be repeated as in, ‘in the name of the Father, in the name of the Son, and in the name of the Holy Spirit.’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -# the Father, the Son - -These are important titles for God the Father and for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) - -# Holy Spirit - -This introduces the Holy Spirit as a new character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) diff --git a/content/42/11.md b/content/42/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index eb7eef3..0000000 --- a/content/42/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# my Father - -This is an important title for God the Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) - -# a cloud hid him from their sight - -This could also be translated as: “he disappeared into a cloud.” - -# Jesus sat down in heaven at the right hand of God - -To sit down was a symbolic act that indicated that Jesus’ work was completed. Furthermore, sitting at the right hand of God represents taking the place of honor beside him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) - -# at the right hand of God - -This could also be translated as: “at the right side of God.” - -# over all things - -This could mean ‘over everything.’ - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/43/00.md b/content/43/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index b3c4968..0000000 --- a/content/43/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# The Church Begins - -This title can also be translated as: “About how the Church began” or “How did the Church begin?” diff --git a/content/43/01.md b/content/43/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index bed0d9d..0000000 --- a/content/43/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# After Jesus returned to heaven, the disciples stayed in Jerusalem - -The connecting word **After** introduces a sequential clause. First Jesus returned to heaven. Then the disciples waited in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) - -# After Jesus returned to heaven, the disciples stayed in Jerusalem - -This introduces a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# returned to heaven - -This could mean ‘went back to heaven.’ - -# stayed in Jerusalem - -This could mean ‘stayed in Jerusalem for a while.’ They didn’t stay there permanently. diff --git a/content/43/02.md b/content/43/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index c8bfddd..0000000 --- a/content/43/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# Every year, 50 days after the Passover, the Jews celebrated an important day called Pentecost. Pentecost was a time when the Jews celebrated the wheat harvest. Jews came from all over the world to Jerusalem to celebrate Pentecost together. - -This is background information about Pentecost. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# Pentecost - -**Pentecost** means ‘fiftieth (day).’ You could use the word **Pentecost** in your translation and let the text explain the meaning. Or you could use a term that means ‘50th day.’ - -# celebrated the wheat harvest - -The Jews would thank God for the wheat harvest by bringing offerings and celebrate by having special meals. Wheat is a grain crop; if you have no word that means **wheat**, you can use a more general word for grain. This happened in May; other crops were harvested at other times of the year. - -# This year the time for Pentecost came about a week after Jesus had gone back to heaven. - -This introduces a new event. It is now the Day of Pentecost, 50 days after Passover. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# This year - -This could mean ‘In the year that Jesus died.’ diff --git a/content/43/03.md b/content/43/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index e997189..0000000 --- a/content/43/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# While the believers were all together - -The word **While** introduces a simultaneous clause. The two events happened at the same time—the believers were together, and there was a sound like a strong wind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]]) - -# a sound like a strong wind - -This could mean ‘a noise that a strong wind makes’ or ‘the sound that the wind makes when it blows hard.’ - -# They were all filled with the Holy Spirit - -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The Holy Spirit filled all of those who were there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -# filled with the Holy Spirit - -This could mean ‘given ability by the Holy Spirit’ or ‘given power by the Holy Spirit.’ - -# in other languages - -This could be translated as: “in languages other than their own language” or “in foreign languages” or “as people from other places speak.” The believers did not know these languages until the Holy Spirit gave them the power to speak them. Make sure the word used to translate **languages** refers to languages people actually speak and understand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/content/43/04.md b/content/43/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 15be58a..0000000 --- a/content/43/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# a crowd - -This could be translated as: “a crowd of people” or “a large group of people.” diff --git a/content/43/05.md b/content/43/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index e840f28..0000000 --- a/content/43/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -# But Peter stood up and said to them - -The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. People said the disciples were drunk. But if they were drunk, you would not expect Peter to stand up and speak rationally and with authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# Listen to me! - -Peter stated this command in order to cause the crowd to pay close attention to what he was going to tell them. - -# Joel - -Joel was a prophet in Israel who lived hundreds of years before this happened. - -# God said, ‘In the last days, I will pour out my Spirit.’ - -This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “God said that in the last days, he would pour out his Spirit.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) - -# the last days - -This refers to the final days before the end of the world. - -# I will pour out my Spirit - -Here **pour out** is an idiom that means to give generously and abundantly. Alternate translation: “I will give my Spirit abundantly to all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -# my Spirit - -This could mean ‘my Holy Spirit.’ diff --git a/content/43/06.md b/content/43/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5692d7b..0000000 --- a/content/43/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Peter continues preaching to the crowd. - -# Men of Israel - -For some languages, it is better to say: “People of Israel” for it to be clear that this included men and women. This could also be translated as: “My fellow people of Israel” or “My fellow Jews” to make it clear that Peter was also a Jew and belonged to the “people of Israel.” - -# But you crucified him! - -Peter used this exclamation to strongly accuse the people in the crowd of murdering Jesus, the Messiah whom God had sent to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# But you crucified him - -The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. Jesus did many wonderful things, so you would expect people to recognize that he was sent from God. Instead, they crucified him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# you crucified him! - -This could also be translated as: “you caused him to be crucified” or “because of you, he was crucified.” The Jews did not actually nail Jesus to the cross. However, the Jewish leaders caused him to be condemned and many of the people in the crowd had shouted for him to be crucified. diff --git a/content/43/07.md b/content/43/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8fab6c1..0000000 --- a/content/43/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Peter continues preaching to the crowd. - -# what a prophet wrote: ‘You will not let your Holy One rot in the grave.’ - -This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “what a prophet wrote, that you would not let your Holy One rot in the grave.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) - -# You will not let your - -**You** and **your** refer to God the Father. To make that clear, this could be translated as: “You, God, will not let your.” Some languages may have a special way of addressing someone, such as: “You, O God.” - -# rot in the grave - -This could mean ‘decay in the tomb’ or ‘decompose in the grave.’ This refers to the fact that Jesus did not remain in the tomb very long. It is another way of saying that he did not stay dead, but rather, came back to life again. - -# We are witnesses - -The word **We** refers to the disciples and those that witnessed the risen Jesus after his death. It does not include the people in the crowd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) - -# raised Jesus to life again - -This could mean ‘made Jesus alive again.’ diff --git a/content/43/08.md b/content/43/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index 99ddfb5..0000000 --- a/content/43/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Peter continues preaching to the crowd. - -# God the Father - -This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) - -# at his right hand - -This phrase is an idiom that refers to the highest place of honor and authority. Alternate translation: “in the most important position” or “in the place of highest honor.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -# causing - -This could mean ‘enabling the believers to do’ or ‘giving these people the power to do.’ diff --git a/content/43/09.md b/content/43/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index 32cc626..0000000 --- a/content/43/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Peter continues preaching to the crowd. - -# But know for certain that - -This phrase indicates contrast relationship. The Jews killed Jesus, but God did the opposite—he made Jesus the lord of everything! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) diff --git a/content/43/10.md b/content/43/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index d1701ed..0000000 --- a/content/43/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# deeply moved by - -This could mean ‘very troubled by’ or ‘felt very sad when they heard.’ To be **moved** is to feel strong emotions. - -# So they asked - -The connecting word **So** connects the reason (they were deeply moved), with the result (they asked Peter and the disciples what they should do). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# Brothers - -This was a normal way for a Jew to address fellow Jews. It could also be translated as: “Friends.” diff --git a/content/43/11.md b/content/43/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index c45fa35..0000000 --- a/content/43/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# So repent and be baptized - -The word **So** introduces a goal relationship. The people should repent and be baptized because they want to be forgiven of their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]]) - -# be baptized - -This can be stated in active form: “allow us to baptize you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -# in the name of - -This phrase means both, ‘by the authority of’ and, ‘under the authority of.’ Consider translating the word **name** literally if it will be understood in this way in your language. - -# Christ - -This is the same meaning as ‘Messiah.’ It could be translated as: “Anointed One” or “Chosen One.” Instead of translating the meaning, some translators may choose to keep the word **Christ** and spell it using the sounds in their own language. - -# Jesus Christ - -Since **Christ** is a title here, some translators may choose to change the order and say: “Christ Jesus.” Both orders are used in the Bible. - -# Then God will also give you the Holy Spirit as a gift - -The connecting word **Then** introduces a reason and result relationship. The reason was because they had repented and had been forgiven of their sins, and the result is they would also receive the Holy Spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) diff --git a/content/43/12.md b/content/43/12.md deleted file mode 100644 index a8d4772..0000000 --- a/content/43/12.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# They were baptized - -This can be stated in active form: “people baptized them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/content/43/13.md b/content/43/13.md deleted file mode 100644 index 00990b7..0000000 --- a/content/43/13.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# thought well of them - -This could mean ‘had a positive opinion of them.’ - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/44/00.md b/content/44/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index d47f4df..0000000 --- a/content/44/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# Peter and John Heal a Beggar - -This title can also be translated as: “About how Peter and John healed a beggar” or “What happened when Peter and John healed a beggar?” diff --git a/content/44/01.md b/content/44/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index cda04c8..0000000 --- a/content/44/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# One day - -This phrase introduces an event that happened in the past, but does not state the specific time. Many languages have a similar way to begin telling a true story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# to the Temple - -They did not go into the Temple building where only the priests were allowed. Alternate translation: “to the Temple courtyard” or “into the Temple area” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# A crippled man was sitting at the gate, begging for money. - -This introduces a new character in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) - -# A crippled man - -This could also be translated as: “A lame man.” This refers to a man who did not have full use of his legs, and could not stand or walk. diff --git a/content/44/02.md b/content/44/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 02c17d9..0000000 --- a/content/44/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# I will give you what I do have - -It is understood that Peter has the ability to heal the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# In the name of Jesus - -Here **name** is a metonym that refers to power and authority. Alternate translation: “With the authority of Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -# get up - -This could mean ‘stand up.’ diff --git a/content/44/03.md b/content/44/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7ad1702..0000000 --- a/content/44/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# Immediately, God healed the lame man - -The connecting word **Immediately** introduces a sequential clause. Peter spoke, and then the lame man was healed. But the writer wants the readers to know there was no delay—the healing took place as soon as Peter spoke. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) - -# the courtyard of the Temple - -Only priests could enter the Temple, but ordinary Jews were allowed to come into this area that surrounded the Temple. diff --git a/content/44/04.md b/content/44/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5249d12..0000000 --- a/content/44/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# We did not heal him with our own power - -**We** here includes Peter and John, but not the crowd to whom Peter is talking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) - -# because we believe in Jesus - -**We** here includes Peter and John, but not the crowd to whom Peter is talking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) diff --git a/content/44/05.md b/content/44/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index 02249c4..0000000 --- a/content/44/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Peter continues to preach to the crowd. - -# turn to God - -Here **turn** is a metaphor for starting to obey the Lord. Alternate translation: “start obeying the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -# he will wash away your sins - -Peter is speaking of God’s forgiveness for sinners as if God were physically washing them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/content/44/06.md b/content/44/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index b255718..0000000 --- a/content/44/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# So they arrested them and put them into prison - -The connecting word **So** introduces a reason and result relationship. The reason is the leaders of the Temple were very upset; the result is they arrested Peter and John and put them into prison. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# But many people believed what Peter said - -The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. You would expect that people would not believe, because Peter and John were put in prison. Instead, 5000 men believed! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# The number of men - -This was in addition to the women and children who believed. diff --git a/content/44/07.md b/content/44/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index dc90f8d..0000000 --- a/content/44/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# By what power did you heal - -“Who gave you power to heal” diff --git a/content/44/08.md b/content/44/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2891f6a..0000000 --- a/content/44/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -# healed - -This could mean ‘well’ or ‘strong.’ - -# but God raised him to life again - -The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. Jesus was crucified, so you would expect him to be dead. But what actually happened is that God raised him to life again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# God raised him to life again - -Here to **raise** is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Alternate translation: “whom God caused to live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -# rejected him - -This could mean ‘refused to accept him’ or ‘refused to believe in Jesus’ or ‘refused to believe that Jesus is the Savior.’ - -# but there is no other way to be saved - -The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. The leaders rejected Christ, so you would expect that he was not a person worth anything. However, he is actually the only one with the power to save people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# there is no other way to be saved except through the power of Jesus - -This could also be translated as: “the only way to be saved is through the power of Jesus” or “only Jesus can save us by his power.” - -# to be saved - -This can also be translated as: “to be saved from our sins” or “that we can be saved from our sins.” diff --git a/content/44/09.md b/content/44/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index fbfc126..0000000 --- a/content/44/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,35 +0,0 @@ -# were shocked - -This could mean ‘were very surprised’ or ‘were amazed.’ - -# ordinary men who were uneducated - -The words **ordinary** and **uneducated** share similar meanings. They emphasize that Peter and John had received no formal training in Jewish law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) - -# ordinary - -This could mean ‘common’ or ‘lower-class.’ Peter and John were simple fishermen. - -# who were uneducated - -This could mean ‘who did not have a formal education.’ This could also be translated as: “who had not gone to religious school.” - -# then they remembered - -This could also be translated as: “But then they thought about the fact that.” - -# had been with Jesus - -This could also be translated as: “had spend time with Jesus” or “had been taught by Jesus.” - -# After saying many things like this - -This could mean ‘after threatening Peter and John in similar ways.’ - -# let Peter and John go - -This could mean ‘allowed Peter and John to leave.’ - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/45/00.md b/content/45/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index e7800a6..0000000 --- a/content/45/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# Stephen and Philip - -This title can also be translated as: “About how Stephen and Philip told people about Jesus” or “What happened when Stephen and Philip told people about Jesus?” diff --git a/content/45/01.md b/content/45/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index c4cea7b..0000000 --- a/content/45/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# One of the leaders among the first followers of Jesus was a man named Stephen. - -This introduces Stephen as a new character in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) - -# Everyone respected him - -This is background information about the kind of person Stephen was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) diff --git a/content/45/02.md b/content/45/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 154963b..0000000 --- a/content/45/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# One day - -This phrase introduces an event that happened in the past, but does not state the specific time. Many languages have a similar way to begin telling a true story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# so they went to the religious leaders and told lies about him. - -The word **so** introduces a reason and result relationship. The reason is the Jews were very angry with Stephen because they could not win arguments with him. The result is they told lies about him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# We heard Stephen speak evil things about Moses and God! - -They used this exclamation to express how angry they were with Stephen, and to try to make the other people angry with him as well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) diff --git a/content/45/03.md b/content/45/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2963763..0000000 --- a/content/45/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# always reject the Holy Spirit - -This could mean ‘never obey the Holy Spirit’ or ‘always refuse to listen to the Holy Spirit.’ - -# our ancestors - -This could be translated as: “our ancestors, the Israelites.” - -# But you did something worse than they did! You killed the Messiah! - -Stephen used these exclamations to accuse the Jews of murdering the Messiah whom God had sent to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) diff --git a/content/45/04.md b/content/45/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index a843287..0000000 --- a/content/45/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# covered their ears - -This was a symbolic action to show that they did not want to hear what Stephen said. This could also be translated as: “They put their hands over their ears.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) - -# yelled loudly - -They were yelling in anger. Translate this in a way that communicates that they were very upset. diff --git a/content/45/05.md b/content/45/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index f456577..0000000 --- a/content/45/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# As Stephen was dying - -This could mean ‘Just before Stephen died.’ - -# cried out - -This could mean ‘called out in a loud voice’ or ‘said very loudly.’ - -# Jesus, receive my spirit - -This could mean ‘take my spirit.’ It may be helpful to add ‘please’ to show that this was a request. Alternate translation: “please receive my spirit” - -# He fell to his knees - -This is an act of submission to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) - -# do not hold this sin against them - -This could mean ‘do not consider them guilty of the sin of killing me.’ This can be stated in a positive way. Alternate translation: “forgive them for this sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) - -# Then he died - -This is the end of the story about Stephen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) diff --git a/content/45/06.md b/content/45/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 85b298d..0000000 --- a/content/45/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# That day many people in Jerusalem started persecuting the followers of Jesus, so the believers fled to other places. But in spite of opposition, they preached about Jesus everywhere they went. - -This is background information about the persecution of the believers after the death of Stephen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# But in spite of opposition - -The Jewish leaders thought they could stop the spread of Jesus’ teaching by persecuting his followers. Instead, this caused them to scatter and spread the message even more widely. diff --git a/content/45/07.md b/content/45/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3ecaf1d..0000000 --- a/content/45/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# There was a believer in Jesus named Philip - -This introduces Philip as a new character in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) - -# One day - -This phrase introduces an event that happened in the past, but does not state the specific time. Many languages have a similar way to begin telling a true story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# This man was an important official from the land of Ethiopia. - -This is background information about the official from Ethiopia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# Ethiopia - -Ethiopia is a country in Eastern Africa. diff --git a/content/45/08.md b/content/45/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index a4cd78d..0000000 --- a/content/45/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# the Ethiopian - -That is, a person from the country of Ethiopia. See note on [45:07](45/07). - -# led him like a lamb to be killed, and as a lamb is silent, he did not say a word. They treated him unfairly and did not respect him. They took his life away from him. - -The pronouns **he**, **him**, and **his** in this quotation refer to the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) - -# as a lamb is silent - -This could also be translated as: “like a lamb that is silent even when it is about to be killed.” diff --git a/content/45/09.md b/content/45/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index ca6ba06..0000000 --- a/content/45/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# “Do you understand what you are reading?” - -The Ethiopian was intelligent and could read, but he lacked spiritual discernment. Alternate translation: “Do you understand the meaning of what you are reading?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# Please come and sit next to me - -It is implied here that Philip agreed to travel down the road with him to explain the scriptures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# Was Isaiah writing about - -This can also be translated as: “Was Isaiah referring to.” diff --git a/content/45/11.md b/content/45/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8472f8c..0000000 --- a/content/45/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# some water - -Use a term that means a larger body of water such as a pond, lake, or stream. - -# May I be baptized? - -This could also be translated as: “Is there any reason that I cannot be baptized?” diff --git a/content/45/12.md b/content/45/12.md deleted file mode 100644 index 39c1b0f..0000000 --- a/content/45/12.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# So they went down into the water - -The connecting word **So** introduces a reason and result relationship. The reason was the Ethiopian believed what Philip told him, and asked to be baptized when they saw water nearby. The result is Philip baptized him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# carried Philip away - -This could mean ‘took Philip away’ or ‘snatched Philip away.’ - -# There Philip continued to tell people about Jesus - -This is the end of the story about Philip. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) diff --git a/content/45/13.md b/content/45/13.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3e6a1ef..0000000 --- a/content/45/13.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# The Ethiopian continued traveling toward his home. He was happy that he now knew Jesus. - -This is the end of the story about the Ethiopian official. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/46/00.md b/content/46/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index 35a8588..0000000 --- a/content/46/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# Saul Becomes a Follower of Jesus - -This title can also be translated as: “About how Saul became a follower of Christ” or “How did Saul become a follower of Christ?” diff --git a/content/46/01.md b/content/46/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 40d831a..0000000 --- a/content/46/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -# There was a man named Saul who did not believe in Jesus - -This introduces Saul as a new character in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) - -# When he was a young man, he guarded the robes of the men who killed Stephen - -This is background information about Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# guarded the robes of the men who killed Stephen - -See [45:06](45/06). - -# from house to house - -This could mean ‘into many houses.’ - -# to arrest both men and women - -This refers to men and women who believed in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# Damascus - -Damascus is now the capital of the country of Syria. During Saul’s time, it was a city belonging to the Roman Empire. Most of the people there were not Jewish, but there were some Jews and also some followers of Jesus living there. - -# to bring them back to Jerusalem - -Paul’s purpose can be made clear by adding “so that the Jewish leaders could judge and punish them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/content/46/02.md b/content/46/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5f9568e..0000000 --- a/content/46/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# Just before he reached the city - -This is an expression that marks a change in the story to show something different is about to happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# Why are you persecuting me? - -This rhetorical question communicates a rebuke to Saul. In some languages a statement would be more natural. Alternate translation: “You are persecuting me!” or a command “Stop persecuting me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) diff --git a/content/46/03.md b/content/46/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5dee9d5..0000000 --- a/content/46/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# Saul did not eat or drink anything for three days - -It is not stated whether he chose not to eat or drink as a form of worship, or if he had no appetite because he was too distressed from his situation. It is preferable not to specify the reason. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]]) diff --git a/content/46/04.md b/content/46/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1acd06f..0000000 --- a/content/46/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# There was a disciple in Damascus named Ananias - -This introduces Ananias as a new character in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) - -# But Ananias said - -If it is not clear why the word **But** is used here, this could be translated as: “But Ananias was afraid, so he said.” - -# God answered him - -This could be translated as: “To reassure Ananias, God said” to make clear why God said this. - -# Go! - -This is a command and also an exclamation. God is emphasizing that Ananias should stop objecting and go to Saul as God instructed him to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# to declare my name - -This could mean ‘to teach about me’ or ‘to make me known.’ - -# for my name - -Here “my name” is a metonym that refers to Jesus. Saul will suffer many things because he will tell people about Jesus. Alternate translation: “for me” or “because of me” or “because he serves me” or “because he teaches others about me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/content/46/05.md b/content/46/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1c9bccd..0000000 --- a/content/46/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# placed his hands on him - -Ananias put his hands on Saul. This was a symbol of giving a blessing to Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) - -# here - -This could mean ‘to Damascus.’ - -# Immediately - -This introduces a simultaneous clause. Saul was able to see as soon as Ananias touched him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]]) diff --git a/content/46/06.md b/content/46/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9ab57d7..0000000 --- a/content/46/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# Right away - -This introduces a new event. This can also be translated as: “Immediately” or “Then.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# Son of God - -This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) - -# because Saul had tried to kill believers - -The connecting word **because** connects the reason (the change in Saul, that he had tried to kill people who believed in Jesus, and now he himself believed in Jesus), with the result (the Jews were amazed). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# argued with the Jews - -This could also be translated as: “gave the Jews good reasons for believing in Jesus” or “spoke persuasively with the Jews.” diff --git a/content/46/07.md b/content/46/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9158846..0000000 --- a/content/46/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# After many days - -This introduces a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# the Jews made a plan to kill Saul - -Here **the Jews** refers to the leaders of the Jews. Alternate translation: “the Jewish leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) - -# to watch for him at the city gates - -The gates were the only normal way into or out of the walled cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - -# lowered him over the city wall in a basket - -Another way to say this would be: “helped him get into a large basket and lowered the basket with him in it over the city wall.” diff --git a/content/46/08.md b/content/46/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6871993..0000000 --- a/content/46/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# Saul went to Jerusalem - -This introduces a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# but they were afraid of him - -The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. Saul was now a disciple so you would expect the apostles would want to meet with him, but instead they were afraid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# accepted Saul - -This could mean ‘believed that Saul also was a believer in Jesus.’ diff --git a/content/46/09.md b/content/46/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index 5c0a9e2..0000000 --- a/content/46/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# the city of Antioch - -This was an ancient city located in what is now the southernmost tip of the modern country of Turkey, near its border with Syria and close to the Mediterranean Sea. It was about 450 miles northwest of Jerusalem. - -# to strengthen the church - -This could also be translated as: “to help the church to grow strong spiritually” or “to help the believers in Jesus to grow strong in their faith” or “to help the people to believe more firmly in Jesus.” - -# believers in Jesus were first called ‘Christians.’ - -This implies that other people called the believers by this name. This can be stated in active form: “The people of Antioch first called the believers in Jesus ‘Christians.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/content/46/10.md b/content/46/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index 45185c1..0000000 --- a/content/46/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# One day - -This phrase introduces an event that happened in the past, but does not state the specific time. Many languages have a similar way to begin telling a true story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# Set apart for me Barnabas and Saul to do the work I have called them to do. - -This sentence could also be translated as: “Appoint Paul and Barnabas to do the special work I have chosen them to do.” - -# the church - -This could also be translated as: “the believers” or “the followers of Jesus.” - -# placed their hands on them - -This act showed that the leaders agreed that the Holy Spirit had called Barnabas and Saul to do this work. This could also be translated as: “blessed them with the power and authority of the Holy Spirit by putting their hands on them” or “put their hands on them as a sign of their unity in the Spirit.” Some languages may have to say where they placed their hands. If so, you could say they placed their hands on their head, shoulder or back. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) - -# sent them out - -This could mean ‘sent them away’ or ‘sent them on their journey.’ - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/47/00.md b/content/47/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8fff802..0000000 --- a/content/47/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# Paul and Silas in Philippi - -This title can also be translated as: “About what happened to Paul and Silas in Philippi” or “What happened to Paul and Silas in Philippi?” diff --git a/content/47/01.md b/content/47/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index 809a058..0000000 --- a/content/47/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -# As Saul traveled throughout the Roman Empire, he began to use his Roman name, ‘Paul.’ - -This is background information about why Saul was now called Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# One day - -This introduces a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# proclaim - -This could mean ‘teach’ or ‘preach.’ - -# they met a woman named Lydia - -This introduces Lydia as a new character in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) - -# who was a merchant. She loved and worshiped God. - -This is background information about who Lydia was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# merchant - -This could also be translated as: “seller” or “business owner.” diff --git a/content/47/02.md b/content/47/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index b8299ef..0000000 --- a/content/47/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# She invited Paul and Silas to stay at her house - -This was the normal custom of the day for people to provide hospitality to visitors in their homes. There were no immoral motives in this arrangement. diff --git a/content/47/03.md b/content/47/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index b51ead1..0000000 --- a/content/47/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# a slave girl - -This introduces the unnamed slave girl as a new character in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) - -# her masters - -In this case, this could also be translated as: “her owners.” - -# a fortuneteller - -This could mean ‘as someone who told people what would happen to them in the future.’ A fortuneteller tried to get information from spirits in the supernatural world. A person who does this is sometimes called a ‘diviner’ or ‘soothsayer.’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) diff --git a/content/47/04.md b/content/47/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index df80c17..0000000 --- a/content/47/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# the way to be saved - -How a person can be saved is spoken of here as if it were a way or path that a person walks on. Alternate translation: “how you can be saved” or “how God saves people” or “God’s plan for saving people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/content/47/05.md b/content/47/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index fc19343..0000000 --- a/content/47/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# one day - -This phrase introduces an event that happened in the past, but does not state the specific time. Many languages have a similar way to begin telling a true story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# turned to her - -This could mean ‘turned around and looked at her.’ - -# In the name of Jesus - -This could mean ‘by the authority of Jesus.’ Here **name** stands for speaking with the authority or as the representative of Jesus Christ. Because of Jesus’ authority, Paul could command the demon to leave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -# come out of her - -This could mean ‘leave her’ or ‘go away from her.’ - -# Right away the demon left her - -‘the demon came out immediately’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) diff --git a/content/47/06.md b/content/47/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4497895..0000000 --- a/content/47/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# The men who owned the slave girl became very angry! - -This exclamation emphasizes how angry the men who owned the servant girl became at Paul and Silas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) - -# without the demon - -This could mean ‘without the power from the demon’ or ‘now that she did not have the demon.’ - -# the future - -This could mean ‘what would happen to them in the future.’ - -# This meant that - -This could also be translated as: “Because of this” or “Therefore.” diff --git a/content/47/07.md b/content/47/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index 27244ab..0000000 --- a/content/47/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# So the owners of the slave girl - -The connecting word **So** introduces a reason and result relationship. The reason was the owners could no longer make money. The result was they took Paul and Silas to the Roman authorities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# who beat - -**who** refers to the Roman authorities, not the owners of the slave girl. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) - -# threw them - -This could mean ‘put them.’ diff --git a/content/47/08.md b/content/47/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index 47da5f7..0000000 --- a/content/47/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# But in the middle of the night - -The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. Paul and Silas had been beaten, put in prison with their feet locked into wood. You would expect them to be crying or protesting, but instead of doing that, they were singing songs of praise to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# in the middle of the night - -This could be translated as: “very late at night” or “very early in the morning.” This was when it was completely dark outside, when people would normally be asleep. - -# singing songs of praise to God - -This can also be translated as: “praising God by singing” or “singing songs to praise God” or “singing songs that gave praise to God.” diff --git a/content/47/09.md b/content/47/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index b648dc0..0000000 --- a/content/47/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# Suddenly - -This introduces a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) - -# the chains of all the prisoners - -The possessive **of all the prisoners** here refers chains that were holding the prisoners in place. They did not belong to the prisoners—they belonged to the Roman government. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) - -# fell off - -This could mean ‘suddenly came off’ or ‘suddenly came apart so that the prisoners were released.’ diff --git a/content/47/10.md b/content/47/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index 41f4713..0000000 --- a/content/47/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# the jailer - -This could mean ‘the official in charge of the jail.’ - -# so he got ready to kill himself - -The connecting word **so** introduces a reason and result relationship. The reason was the jailer was afraid of the Roman authorities because he thought the prisoners had escaped. The result is he intended to kill himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# But Paul saw him and shouted - -The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. You would expect that the prisoners had escaped and that the jailer will kill himself. Instead Paul stops him from killing himself, and tells him that all the prisoners are still in the jail. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# We - -Some languages have a special form of the word **We** which does not include the person being talked to. Here the **We** does not include the jailer, only Paul and the rest of the prisoners. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) diff --git a/content/47/11.md b/content/47/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index 40faf01..0000000 --- a/content/47/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# What must I do to be saved? - -The question refers to salvation from being punished by the God who caused the earthquake. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “what must I do for God to save me from my sins?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - -# Believe in Jesus, the Master - -This was addressed to both the jailer and his family, who all then believed and were baptized. Some languages may use a grammatical form of the verb **believe** to indicate that Paul is speaking to the group. - -# you and your family will be saved - -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will save you and your family” or “God will save you and your family from eternal punishment for your sins.” Make sure it is clear that the salvation referred to here is spiritual, not physical. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/content/47/12.md b/content/47/12.md deleted file mode 100644 index e3d6c10..0000000 --- a/content/47/12.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# so Paul and Silas baptized them - -The connecting word **so** introduces a reason and result relationship. The reason was the jailer and his whole family believed in Jesus. The result was that Paul and Silas baptized all of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) diff --git a/content/47/13.md b/content/47/13.md deleted file mode 100644 index e3f3f4c..0000000 --- a/content/47/13.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# the leaders of the city - -This refers to the officials of the city or the authorities of the city. - -# and then left the city - -This indicates that end of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) - -# The good news about Jesus kept spreading - -This could mean ‘People in more and more places were hearing the good news about Jesus.’ - -# the Church kept growing - -This could mean ‘more and more people were becoming part of the Church’ or ‘more and more people were believing in Jesus.’ diff --git a/content/47/14.md b/content/47/14.md deleted file mode 100644 index bf8330e..0000000 --- a/content/47/14.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/48/00.md b/content/48/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0777773..0000000 --- a/content/48/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# Jesus Is the Promised Messiah - -This title can also be translated as: “About how Jesus Is the Messiah that God promised to send” or “How is Jesus Is the Messiah that God promised to send?” diff --git a/content/48/01.md b/content/48/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index ea1f222..0000000 --- a/content/48/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# God created the world - -This could mean ‘God made the world out of nothing.’ - -# perfect - -This could mean ‘exactly as it should be’ to accomplish all that God intended for it. - -# There was no sin - -For some languages, it is not possible to express **sin** as a thing, rather it is an action. In those cases this could be translated as: “No one ever sinned” or “People did not sin” or “Nothing evil had happened.” - -# There was no sickness or death - -This could mean ‘No one got sick and no one died’ or ‘They did not get sick or die.’ diff --git a/content/48/02.md b/content/48/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9b87f89..0000000 --- a/content/48/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# the garden - -This refers to the garden created by God where he placed the first man and woman. - -# deceive her - -This could mean ‘lie to her.’ Satan lied by leading Eve to doubt what God had said. By doing this, he tricked her into disobeying God. - -# Because they sinned, everyone on earth dies - -The connecting word **Because** connects the reason (they sinned), with the result (everyone on earth dies). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) diff --git a/content/48/03.md b/content/48/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1178eaa..0000000 --- a/content/48/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# But God wanted to make peace - -The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. You would expect that God would want to destroy his enemies. Instead God wants to make peace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) diff --git a/content/48/04.md b/content/48/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 489ab4a..0000000 --- a/content/48/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# crush Satan’s head - -This could also be translated as: “step on Satan’s head and smash it down flat” or “shatter Satan’s head by stepping on it.” This (crushing the head) represents a person stepping on the head of a snake. The head is completely crushed, and the snake is dead and therefore harmless. - -# bite his heel - -This represents a snake on the ground biting a person’s foot. In this case, Satan would cause the Messiah to suffer, but would not destroy him. - -# but God would raise him to life again - -The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. Satan would kill the Messiah, so you would expect him to be dead. Instead, God would raise the Messiah to life again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# raise him to life again - -This could mean ‘make him alive again.’ diff --git a/content/48/05.md b/content/48/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index c71bc29..0000000 --- a/content/48/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# But God sent Jesus - -The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. You would expect God to kill everyone because everyone has sinned. Instead, God sent Jesus to save people from their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) diff --git a/content/48/06.md b/content/48/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 88e8cbf..0000000 --- a/content/48/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# For hundreds of years, priests kept on offering sacrifices to God - -This is background information about the sacrifices the priests offered to God in the past. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]]) - -# But those sacrifices could not forgive their sins - -This indicates an exceptional relationship. The sacrifices could show people their sin and that it deserved punishment, but it could not forgive those sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]]) - -# He gave himself - -This could also be translated as: “Jesus allowed himself to be killed.” diff --git a/content/48/07.md b/content/48/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9459e0e..0000000 --- a/content/48/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# all the people groups on the earth - -This could also be translated as: “people from all different parts of the world.” - -# because God saves from sin everyone who believes in Jesus - -The connecting word **because** connects the reason (God saves from sin those who believe in Jesus), with the result (all the people groups are blessed through Abraham’s descendant Jesus). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# When these people believe in Jesus - -The connecting word **When** connects the reason (people believe in Jesus (Abraham’s descendant)), with the result (God considers people who believe in Jesus to be Abraham’s descendants). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) diff --git a/content/48/08.md b/content/48/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2298000..0000000 --- a/content/48/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# But then God gave a ram for the sacrifice instead of Isaac - -The connecting words **But then** introduces a contrast relationship. God told Abraham to sacrifice his son Isaac, instead of allowing Isaac to be sacrificed, God provided a ram. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# instead of Isaac - -This can also be translated as: “in the place of Isaac” or “in Isaac’s place” or “so that he would not have to offer Isaac as a sacrifice.” - -# deserve to die - -This could mean ‘should die.’ - -# But God gave Jesus - -The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. We all deserve to die for our sin but instead God gave Jesus to die in our place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# to die in our place - -This can also be translated as: “to die in the place of each of us” or “so that he would not have to kill us.” diff --git a/content/48/09.md b/content/48/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index 820217b..0000000 --- a/content/48/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# When God sent the last plague on Egypt - -This clause gives background information about the time during the last plague on Egypt. The main event is the Passover that shows how God will pay for people’s sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]]) - -# sent the last plague on Egypt - -This could mean ‘caused the final disaster to come on Egypt.’ This was the tenth plague when God caused the firstborn sons of the Egyptians to die. - -# its blood - -This could mean ‘the lamb’s blood.’ - -# door frames - -If door frames are not known, this could be translated as: “doors.” - -# passed over - -This could also be translated as: “passed by” or “went by.” You may want to connect how this is translated with how **Passover** is translated. diff --git a/content/48/10.md b/content/48/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6bc8e5a..0000000 --- a/content/48/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# blood of Jesus - -This could be translated as: “The sacrifice that Jesus made of himself when he died for sinners.” The word **blood** here also means ‘death.’ diff --git a/content/48/11.md b/content/48/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3b2e0d5..0000000 --- a/content/48/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# because they were the people he had chosen to belong to himself - -The connecting word **because** connects the reason (the Israelites were God’s chosen people), with the result (God made a covenant with them). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# If anyone in any people group accepts this New Covenant - -The connecting word **If** connects the reason (he accepts the New Covenant and believes in Jesus), with the result (he joins God’s people). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) diff --git a/content/48/12.md b/content/48/12.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2369398..0000000 --- a/content/48/12.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# the greatest prophet - -This could mean ‘the most important prophet.’ - -# call Jesus the Word of God - -Jesus reveals God’s character. The other prophets preached the message God gave them, but Jesus revealed God in his preaching and his actions. diff --git a/content/48/13.md b/content/48/13.md deleted file mode 100644 index 36b772c..0000000 --- a/content/48/13.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# so he is the descendant of David who can rule forever - -The connecting word **so** introduces a reason and result relationship. The reason is Jesus is the Son of God and the Messiah. The result is he is the descendant of David who can rule forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) diff --git a/content/48/14.md b/content/48/14.md deleted file mode 100644 index e625e92..0000000 --- a/content/48/14.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# but Jesus is the king of the entire universe - -The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. David was a king of Israel, so you would expect him to be one of the greatest kings ever. Instead, Jesus is far greater, because he is king of the universe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# the king of the entire universe - -This could mean ‘the king over everyone and everything everywhere.’ - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/49/00.md b/content/49/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index fa930ad..0000000 --- a/content/49/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# God’s New Covenant - -This title can also be translated as: “About the New Covenant that God made with people” or “What is the New Covenant that God made with people?” diff --git a/content/49/01.md b/content/49/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index df561f4..0000000 --- a/content/49/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# God’s Son - -This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) - -# but the Holy Spirit came to her - -The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. Mary was a virgin, so you would not expect her to become pregnant. Instead, the Holy Spirit caused her to become pregnant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) diff --git a/content/49/02.md b/content/49/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index dee988a..0000000 --- a/content/49/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# raised dead people to life - -This could also be translated as: “caused dead people to become alive again.” diff --git a/content/49/03.md b/content/49/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index 63764f3..0000000 --- a/content/49/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# a great teacher - -This could mean ‘a very important teacher’ or ‘an excellent teacher.’ - -# Son of God - -This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) - -# the same way - -This could mean ‘as much as’ or ‘the same amount that’ or ‘to the same degree that.’ diff --git a/content/49/06.md b/content/49/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 4faa260..0000000 --- a/content/49/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# other people will not - -This could mean ‘other people will not accept him and therefore will not be saved.’ diff --git a/content/49/09.md b/content/49/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index d5799dd..0000000 --- a/content/49/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# But God loved everyone in the world - -The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. Everyone is an enemy of God, so you would expect God to hate and destroy them. Instead, God loves everyone and gave his son for them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# gave his only Son - -This could also be translated as: “offered his only Son to the world as a sacrifice for sins” or “gave us his only Son to be a sacrifice for our sins.” - -# Instead, believers will live with him forever - -The connecting word **Instead** introduces a contrast relationship. Those who believe in God still sin, so you would expect them to be punished. Instead, they will live with God forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) diff --git a/content/49/10.md b/content/49/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index 43dcf8e..0000000 --- a/content/49/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# because you have sinned - -The connecting word **because** connects the reason (you have sinned), with the result (you deserve to die). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# but Jesus took the punishment for sin in our place - -The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. You would expect God to be angry with you because of your sin. Instead, he punished Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) diff --git a/content/49/11.md b/content/49/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index b500188..0000000 --- a/content/49/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# take away - -This could mean ‘remove the penalty of’ or ‘remove the punishment for.’ The sacrifice of Jesus causes God to look at our sin as if it never existed. - -# so God will forgive any sin - -The connecting word **so** connects the reason (Jesus sacrificed himself), with the result (God forgives people’s sin). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) diff --git a/content/49/12.md b/content/49/12.md deleted file mode 100644 index 6af9599..0000000 --- a/content/49/12.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# Instead - -The connecting word **Instead** introduces a contrast relationship. You would expect that doing good things might save you, or that nothing could make you God’s friend. Instead, believing in Christ saves you and makes you God’s friend. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# instead of you - -This could mean ‘ in your place.’ - -# raised him to life again - -This could also be translated as: “made him alive again.” - -# If you believe this - -The connecting word **If** introduces a hypothetical conditional relationship. If you believe in Christ, then God will forgive your sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]]) diff --git a/content/49/13.md b/content/49/13.md deleted file mode 100644 index c5c37bf..0000000 --- a/content/49/13.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# But he will not save - -The connecting word **But** introduces an exceptional relationship. God saves everyone who believes. But people who do not believe are excluded from the **everyone**. Alternate translation: “God will only save those who believe in Jesus and accept him as their Master. He will not save those who do not believe in him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]]) - -# so he can be a friend to you. - -The connecting word **so** connects the reason (you believe in Jesus), with the result (he can be a friend to you). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) diff --git a/content/49/14.md b/content/49/14.md deleted file mode 100644 index 31b7f36..0000000 --- a/content/49/14.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# to believe in him - -This can also be translated as: “to trust in him” or “to trust in him to save you” or “to entrust your whole life to him.” - -# to be baptized - -This could also be translated as: “to have someone baptize you” or “to let them baptize you.” - -# believe that - -This can also be translated as: “acknowledge that” or “agree that.” - -# to take away - -See note on [49:11](49/11). diff --git a/content/49/15.md b/content/49/15.md deleted file mode 100644 index d822265..0000000 --- a/content/49/15.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# If you believe in Jesus and confess what he has done for you, you are a follower of Jesus! - -The connecting word **If** introduces a hypothetical conditional relationship. If you believe in Jesus and confess what he has done for you, then you are a Christ follower. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]]) - -# kingdom of darkness - -**Darkness** is used here to refer to sin and everything that is evil. This could be translated as: “evil rule over people, which is like darkness.” - -# kingdom of light - -**Light** here refers to God’s holiness and goodness. This could be translated as: “righteous rule over people, which is like light.” The Bible often compares evil to darkness, and goodness to light. diff --git a/content/49/16.md b/content/49/16.md deleted file mode 100644 index 65c6037..0000000 --- a/content/49/16.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# If you are a follower of Jesus - -The connecting word **If** introduces a hypothetical conditional relationship. If you are a Christ follower, then God has forgiven your sins and you are his close friend. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]]) - -# considers you to be - -This could mean ‘thinks of you as’ or ‘regards you as’ or ‘calls you.’ diff --git a/content/49/17.md b/content/49/17.md deleted file mode 100644 index 7aad4c8..0000000 --- a/content/49/17.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# If you are a friend of God and a servant of Jesus the Master - -The connecting word **If** introduces a hypothetical conditional relationship. If you are a friend of God, then you want to obey Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]]) - -# But God always does what he says he will do - -The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. You would expect that, when Satan tempts you to sin and you do sin, you would become the enemy of God again. Instead, God keeps his promise. He forgives the sin that you do and gives you the strength to stop sinning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# if you confess your sins - -The connecting word **if** introduces a hypothetical conditional relationship. If you confess your sins, then God will forgive you. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]]) - -# confess your sins - -This could be translated as: “admit to God what you have done wrong.” - -# He will give you strength to fight against sin - -This could mean ‘He will give you spiritual strength to refuse to sin.’ diff --git a/content/49/18.md b/content/49/18.md deleted file mode 100644 index 50af685..0000000 --- a/content/49/18.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# If you do all these things - -The connecting word **If** introduces a hypothetical conditional relationship. If you do the things God tells you to do, then you will become a strong friend of his. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]]) - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/content/50/00.md b/content/50/00.md deleted file mode 100644 index bb011ad..0000000 --- a/content/50/00.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# Jesus Returns - -This title can also be translated as: “About when Jesus returns to earth again” or “What will happen when Jesus returns to earth again?” diff --git a/content/50/01.md b/content/50/01.md deleted file mode 100644 index c3ba2e6..0000000 --- a/content/50/01.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# For almost 2,000 years, more and more people around the world have been hearing the good news about Jesus the Messiah. The Church has been growing. - -This is background information about what has happened to the Church until today. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) - -# The Church has been growing - -This could also be translated as: “The number of people in the Church around the world has been increasing” or “The number of believers in Jesus has been increasing.” - -# at the end of the world - -This phrase means ‘right before the present world comes to an end’ or ‘in the final days of this world.’ - -# Though he has not yet come back - -The connecting word **Though** introduces a contrast relationship. Jesus has not come back for 2,000 years, so you would expect he is not coming back as he promised. Instead, Jesus will come back as he promised. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) diff --git a/content/50/02.md b/content/50/02.md deleted file mode 100644 index acaaf42..0000000 --- a/content/50/02.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -# the end will come - -This could be translated as: “the end of this world will come” or “the end of this world will happen” or “this present world will end.” diff --git a/content/50/03.md b/content/50/03.md deleted file mode 100644 index b48ff4a..0000000 --- a/content/50/03.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# make disciples - -This has the meaning, ‘help people to become my disciples.’ - -# The fields are ripe for harvest - -The words **fields** and **ripe for harvest** are metaphors. The **fields** represent people. The words **ripe for harvest** mean that people are ready to accept the message of Jesus, like fields that are ready to be harvested. Alternate translation: This could also be translated as: “They are ready to be brought to God like fields that are ripe for harvest” or “They are ready to be gathered and brought to God like fields whose crops are ripe and ready to be gathered.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -# The fields - -In this expression, **The fields** represents the people in the world. - -# ripe - -**Ripe** here represents being ready to believe in Jesus. - -# harvest - -**Harvest** here represents the work of bringing people to God by teaching them about Jesus. diff --git a/content/50/04.md b/content/50/04.md deleted file mode 100644 index 9139d9f..0000000 --- a/content/50/04.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -# not greater than - -This could mean ‘not more important than’ or in this case, ‘not treated better than.’ - -# because of me - -This could mean ‘because you obey me’ or ‘because you teach people about me’ or ‘because you belong to me.’ - -# in this world - -This could also be translated as: “in this lifetime.” - -# If you remain faithful to me to the end, then God will save you - -The connecting word **if** introduces a hypothetical conditional relationship. If you remain faithful to the end, then God will save you. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]]) - -# remain faithful to me - -This could mean ‘Keep obeying me.’ - -# to the end - -This could mean ‘to the end of your life.’ - -# will save you - -This refers to spiritual salvation rather than physical deliverance from harm. It has already been stated that many believers will be killed or tortured. diff --git a/content/50/05.md b/content/50/05.md deleted file mode 100644 index e612cb4..0000000 --- a/content/50/05.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# told his disciples a story - -The story is in the form of a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) - -# good seed - -This seed was wheat grain. If this type of seed is not known in your language area, it is best to use a general term for **seed**. If there is no general term, it may be necessary to choose a type of grain seed that is known and say, for example: “good seed like rice.” - -# weed seeds - -The weed seeds that were planted would grow up as tall grass but could not be eaten. They were useless. - -# wheat seeds - -Wheat is a kind of grain that grows like a tall grass. It has seeds that people use for food. diff --git a/content/50/06.md b/content/50/06.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8385d20..0000000 --- a/content/50/06.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Jesus continues to tell the story. - -# Master, you planted good seed - -Here **you** is a metonym that refers to his servants. The landowner probably had his servants plant the seeds. Alternate translation: “we planted good seed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -# The man answered, ‘Only my enemies would want to plant them. It is one of my enemies who did this.’ - -This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “The man answered that only his enemies would want to plant them, so it was one of his enemies who did this.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) - -# Only my enemies would want to plant them - -If possible, translate this in a way that indicates that the speaker did not see this happen. diff --git a/content/50/07.md b/content/50/07.md deleted file mode 100644 index cc70707..0000000 --- a/content/50/07.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -# General Information - -Jesus continues to tell the story. - -# Should we pull out - -Here **we** is exclusive. It refers to the servants but not the master. The servants would not expect the master to pull weeds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) - -# If you do that, you will pull - -Each occurrence of **you** in this frame is plural, referring to all of the servants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) - -# you will pull out some of the wheat as well - -This could mean ‘you will accidentally pull out some of the wheat also.’ It would be too difficult to distinguish young wheat from the weeds, and to pull the weeds without uprooting the wheat. - -# until the harvest - -This could mean ‘until the time when the wheat is ready to harvest’ or ‘until the wheat has grown enough to be harvested.’ - -# the wheat - -This could mean ‘the harvested wheat grains.’ - -# barn - -This refers to the building where the harvested wheat grain was saved and stored. It could also be called a ‘storehouse.’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) diff --git a/content/50/08.md b/content/50/08.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2896fb2..0000000 --- a/content/50/08.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# The disciples did not understand the meaning of the story, so they asked Jesus to explain it to them - -The connecting word **so** introduces a reason and result relationship. The reason is the disciples did not understand the meaning of the story. The result is they asked Jesus to explain it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# the Messiah - -Jesus is referring to himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) - -# the people of God’s kingdom - -This refers to the people who belong to or are part of the kingdom of God. It can also be translated as: “the people who live under God’s authority” or “the people who have submitted to God’s rule” or “the people who will live with God in his kingdom.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) diff --git a/content/50/09.md b/content/50/09.md deleted file mode 100644 index c41fb77..0000000 --- a/content/50/09.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# who belong to the devil - -This could mean ‘who obey the devil’ or ‘who are ruled by the devil.’ - -# the devil - -This could also be translated as: “Satan.” - -# the evil one - -This is another title for Satan. It could be translated as: “Satan,” but the title, **evil one** describes his character. - -# represents the end of the world - -This could mean ‘represents what will happen to people at the end of the world.’ - -# the harvesters - -This could also be translated as: “the men who harvest the ripe grain” or “the workers who gather in the ripe grain.” diff --git a/content/50/10.md b/content/50/10.md deleted file mode 100644 index 8e38870..0000000 --- a/content/50/10.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# who belong to the devil - -This could also be translated as: “who obey the devil” or “who are ruled by the devil.” This refers to those who do not believe in Jesus but follow the evil ways of the devil. - -# cry and grind their teeth - -They will **grind their teeth** as a symbolic act representing their extreme sadness and suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) - -# But the people who are righteous - -The word **But** introduces an exceptional relationship. The people who are righteous because they followed Jesus will not be thrown in the fire with everyone else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]]) - -# the people who are righteous - -This refers to the people who belong to the Messiah (See: [50:08](50/08)). - -# shine like the sun - -This could also be translated as: “be glorious like the sun” or “show pure goodness as the sun shows bright light.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) diff --git a/content/50/11.md b/content/50/11.md deleted file mode 100644 index c592804..0000000 --- a/content/50/11.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# he left - -This could also be translated as: “he left the earth” or “he left to go back to heaven.” - -# will come on the clouds in the sky - -This could mean ‘the clouds in the sky will surround him as he comes’ or ‘the clouds of the sky will carry him along.’ - -# When Jesus returns - -The connecting word **When** introduces a simultaneous clause. Jesus’ followers who have died will rise and meet him in the sky at the time of Jesus’ return. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]]) - -# Jesus returns - -This could mean ‘Jesus returns to the earth.’ - -# meet him in the sky - -This could mean ‘join him in the sky.’ Those who believe in Jesus will go up to be near Jesus while he is in the sky. diff --git a/content/50/12.md b/content/50/12.md deleted file mode 100644 index b8d6e71..0000000 --- a/content/50/12.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# Then the followers of Jesus who are still alive - -The connecting word **Then** introduces a sequential clause. After the Jesus followers who died rise to meet Jesus in the air, the Jesus followers who are still alive will also join Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) - -# still alive - -This could mean ‘still alive when Jesus returns.’ - -# After that, Jesus will live with his people - -The connecting words **After that** introduce a sequential clause. After Jesus followers have joined Jesus, they will live together forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) diff --git a/content/50/13.md b/content/50/13.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2cb38e9..0000000 --- a/content/50/13.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# a crown - -This crown represents our reward for believing in Jesus and serving him in this life. - -# perfect - -This could mean ‘complete’ or ‘total.’ diff --git a/content/50/14.md b/content/50/14.md deleted file mode 100644 index 273f3cf..0000000 --- a/content/50/14.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -# But God will judge everyone who does not believe - -The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. In contrast to the wonderful place of peace where Jesus’ followers will live, those who did not believe will suffer forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# weep and grind their teeth - -See note on [50:10](50/10). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) diff --git a/content/50/15.md b/content/50/15.md deleted file mode 100644 index 55b65c4..0000000 --- a/content/50/15.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# When Jesus returns - -The connecting word **When** introduces a sequential clause. After Jesus returns, he will destroy Satan and his kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) - -# his kingdom - -This could also be translated as: “Satan’s evil rule over people” or “all the evil things he does and the evil people he controls.” - -# rather than - -This could mean ‘instead of.’ diff --git a/content/50/16.md b/content/50/16.md deleted file mode 100644 index 835c03b..0000000 --- a/content/50/16.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -# Because Adam and Eve disobeyed God - -The connecting word **Because** connects the result (God destroyed the world), with the reason (Adam and Eve disobeyed God and brought sin into the world). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) - -# brought sin into - -This could be translated as: “caused sin to enter.” - -# But some day God will create - -The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. It is expected that God will destroy the world because of sin. Instead of leaving it destroyed, God creates a new heaven and a new earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) - -# a new heaven - -This could also be translated as: “a new sky” or “a new universe.” It refers to a new set of stars and everything else in the sky. - -# a new earth - -This current earth on which we live will be replaced by a new and improved one. diff --git a/content/50/17.md b/content/50/17.md deleted file mode 100644 index 2e278b4..0000000 --- a/content/50/17.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -# wipe away every tear - -This could also be translated as: “bring an end to all of our grief” or “make trouble end” or “tenderly take away any sadness people have.” - -# rule his kingdom justly and with peace - -This could also be translated as: “rule over his people fairly, in a way that brings them peace.” - -# A Bible story from - -These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. diff --git a/manifest.yaml b/manifest.yaml index f473276..27adcb1 100644 --- a/manifest.yaml +++ b/manifest.yaml @@ -13,14 +13,14 @@ dublin_core: - 'Door43 World Missions Community' creator: 'unfoldingWord' description: 'Open-licensed exegetical notes that provide historical, cultural, and linguistic information for translators. It provides translators and checkers with pertinent, just-in-time information to help them make the best possible translation decisions.' - format: 'text/markdown' + format: 'text/tsv' identifier: 'obs-tn' - issued: '2020-05-01' + issued: '2021-10-05' language: direction: 'ltr' identifier: 'en' title: 'English' - modified: '2020-05-01' + modified: '2021-10-05' publisher: 'unfoldingWord' relation: - 'en/obs?v=8' @@ -29,11 +29,11 @@ dublin_core: - identifier: 'obs-tn' language: 'en' - version: '8' - subject: 'OBS Translation Notes' + version: '9' + subject: 'TSV OBS Translation Notes' title: 'unfoldingWord® Open Bible Stories Translation Notes' type: 'help' - version: '9' + version: '10' checking: checking_entity: @@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ checking: projects: - categories: - identifier: 'obs-tn' - path: './content' - sort: 0 + identifier: 'obs' + path: './tn_OBS.tsv' + sort: 1 title: 'unfoldingWord® Open Bible Stories Translation Notes' versification: "ufw" diff --git a/tn_OBS.tsv b/tn_OBS.tsv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f20f233 --- /dev/null +++ b/tn_OBS.tsv @@ -0,0 +1,2319 @@ +Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note +1:intro i6lj The Creation 1 This title can also be translated as: “About how God made the world” or “How did God make the world?” +1:1 lm48 the beginning 1 This could mean ‘the beginning of all things,’ before anything existed except God. +1:1 qyk4 created 1 This term here means that God made it from nothing. +1:1 l2hb the universe 1 This includes everything that God created on the earth and in the heavens, both visible and invisible things. +1:1 zd15 the earth 1 The word **earth** refers to the whole world that people live on. +1:1 uzic dark 1 It was completely dark. There was no light at all, since God had not yet created light. +1:1 zwj2 empty 1 God had not yet created anything except for the bare earth covered by water. +1:1 ffdv he had not yet formed anything in it 1 There were no distinguishing features–just water covering everything. +1:1 lr8g God’s Spirit 1 The Spirit of God, sometimes called the Holy Spirit, was present in the beginning, moving freely over the earth in order to create all that he had planned to do. +1:2 n2rx God said 1 God created light by means of a simple verbal command. +1:2 zzmo Then God said, “Let there be light!” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Then God said that there should be light.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +1:2 ux0k Let there be light! 1 The result of this command happened immediately because it was spoken by God. It may be more natural to translate this as a statement of certainty that this would definitely happen. For example, you could translate this as: “There shall be light.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) +1:2 pudg light 1 This was a special light that God created. The sun was not created until later. +1:2 q7zf was good 1 This phrase is often repeated through the Creation story, and emphasizes that each stage of creation was pleasing to God and accomplished his plan and purpose. +1:2 dtu0 creation 1 This word is used here to refer to the six-day period during which God brought into being everything that exists. +1:3 miua the second day 1 God’s work of creation was orderly, purposeful, and sequential. The things he created each day built upon and depended on the acts of the previous days. +1:3 h418 Let there be an expanse above the waters 1 God created the sky by speaking a command. +1:3 htqa sky 1 This term refers to all of the space above the earth, including the air we breathe and the heavens. +1:4 mbj9 the third day 1 The next in the series of orderly days in which God prepared the earth for life +1:4 hpg8 Let the water come together in one place and the dry land appear 1 God created the dry land by speaking a command. +1:4 sozb earth 1 This word is used here to refer to dirt or soil, which is what dry land is made of. +1:4 htvi created 1 This word is used here in the sense of making something out of nothing. +1:5 oefy Then God said, “Let the earth produce all kinds of trees and plants.” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Then God said that the earth should produce all kinds of trees and plants.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +1:5 pvo1 God said 1 God created all vegetation by speaking a command. +1:5 a4rn Let the earth produce all kinds of trees and plants 1 The result of this command happened immediately because it was spoken by God. It may be more natural to translate this as a statement of certainty that this would definitely happen. For example, you could translate this as: “The earth will produce all kinds of trees and plants.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) +1:5 wdj7 all kinds 1 The many different species, or types, of plants and trees. +1:5 bnyk created 1 This word is used here in the sense of making something out of nothing. +1:5 bjnw was good 1 This phrase is often repeated through the Creation story, and emphasizes that each stage of creation was pleasing to God and accomplished his plan and purpose. +1:6 hmg5 the fourth day 1 the next in the orderly series of days in which God created +1:6 ef9m Let there be lights in the sky 1 God created the sun, moon, and stars by speaking a command. +1:6 aagi light 1 Shining objects in the sky now provided light for the earth. +1:6 bcr2 day and night, seasons and years 1 God created different lights to mark days, nights, seasons, and years. He divides time periods which are indicated by the positions of the lights. These periods are cyclical and continue until the end of time. +1:6 ag3s created 1 This word is used here in the sense of making something out of nothing. +1:7 z7k7 the fifth day 1 God continues his orderly progression of creation that he started during the previous four days. +1:7 jwbj Let living things fill the waters, and birds fly in the sky 1 God created water creatures and the birds by speaking a command. +1:7 cgug everything that swims 1 God not only made fish, but every kind of living thing that lives in the waters. Every one exists because God chose to create it. +1:7 qe0j all the birds 1 God did not make just one kind of bird, but all of the amazing variety of shapes, sizes, colors, and kinds of birds. +1:7 nzlf it was good 1 This phrase is repeated throughout creation to show that every step went exactly according to God’s wise plan and purpose. +1:7 qkab blessed them 1 God speaks his desire that they would prosper and that things would go well for them in the world in which he had placed them. +1:8 m1wk the sixth day 1 the next event in a continuing, orderly progression of days and creative acts +1:8 z88y Let there be all kinds of land animals! 1 The result of this command happened immediately because it was spoken by God. It may be more natural to translate this as a statement of certainty that this would definitely happen. For example, you could translate this as: “There will be all kinds of land animals!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) +1:8 bsl8 all kinds 1 This indicates a great variety, but also order. +1:8 fcd8 land animals 1 Every kind of animal that lived on the land, as opposed to the birds, or animals that live in the seas. +1:8 bm27 farm animals 1 The kinds of land animals that commonly live peacefully with people—as in tame, or domesticated, animals. +1:8 q9wj crawled on the ground 1 This probably includes reptiles and possibly insects. +1:8 g7tg wild 1 The kinds of animals that do not normally live peacefully with people, usually because they are afraid of people, or dangerous to them. +1:8 r43q it was good 1 This phrase is repeated throughout creation to show that every step went exactly according to God’s wise plan and purpose. +1:9 f0bf Let us make 1 This indicates God’s deliberate, willful decision to create man in a particular way for a particular purpose. You could translate this as: “We will make.” +1:9 a4xn us & our & us 1 The Bible teaches that there is one God, but the Old Testament word **God** is a plural form, and God uses plural pronouns when speaking to himself. Some understand this as a special way of speaking that expresses God’s majesty, and others understand this as God the Father speaking to the Son and the Spirit, who are all God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) +1:9 uie7 in our image 1 An image is a physical representation of someone or something. Humans were made in such a way that we display or represent some of the qualities or traits of God. +1:9 aobv in our image to be like us 1 The two phrases, **in our image** and **like us** are a doublet. They means almost the same thing. Together, they emphasize that man was to be very much like God, although not exactly the same. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +1:9 f3ao like us 1 Humans share some of God’s characteristics, but not all of his qualities. This phrase should be translated with words that show man is similar to God, but not equal with him, nor the same as he is. +1:9 ou4z rule over 1 God gave people the right and power to manage, guide, and control how the earth and the animals will be used. +1:10 f4fq took some soil 1 God made man from the dust, or dry soil from the ground. This word should probably be different from the general word used for earth. +1:10 qdg7 formed it 1 This word expresses that God personally fashioned the man in the same way that a person shapes something with his hands. Make sure that a different word from ‘create’ is used. Note that this is very different from how he created everything else through a simple spoken command. +1:10 kun5 a man 1 Only the man was made at this time; the woman was made later by a different method. +1:10 imbt breathed life 1 This phrase expresses God’s very personal, intimate action as he transferred life from himself into Adam’s body, comparing this to how a human being breathes out air. +1:10 uygx life 1 In this event, God breathed both physical and spiritual life into the man. +1:10 xjtq Adam 1 Adam’s name is the same as the Old Testament word for ‘man,’ and similar to the word for **soil**, the substance from which he was formed. +1:10 s198 a large garden 1 An area of land planted with trees and plants for a purpose–usually to produce food or to provide beauty. +1:10 mvxv to care for it 1 To maintain the garden by preparing soil, planting, tending, and harvesting. +1:11 xsie In the middle 1 The central location emphasizes the importance of the two trees. +1:11 vm7z the garden 1 An area of land planted with trees and plants for a purpose–usually to produce food or to provide beauty. +1:11 om44 the tree of life 1 Anyone who ate fruit from this tree would never die. +1:11 zu2s the tree of the knowledge of good and evil 1 The fruit of this tree could enable a person to know both good and evil. +1:11 wfp2 knowledge 1 To know or understand by personal experience. +1:11 gq8y good and evil 1 **Evil** is the opposite of **good**. Just as **good** refers to what is pleasing to God, **evil** refers to everything that is not pleasing to God. +1:11 h8ge would die 1 In this instance, he would die both physically and spiritually. +1:12 p35k not good 1 This is the first time that anything in creation was not good. It means it was ‘not yet good’ because God was not finished with the creation of humans. +1:12 i11y alone 1 Adam was the only human, with no possibility of a relationship with another person, and unable to have children and multiply. +1:12 tvrl Adam’s helper 1 There was no one who was similar enough to Adam to join with him to accomplish the task that God gave to him. None of the animals could do this. +1:13 zd38 a deep sleep 1 This was a deeper sleep than normal. +1:13 t80l took one of Adam’s ribs and made 1 The verbs indicate God’s very personal act of removing the rib from Adam and shaping it into a woman. +1:13 n5pj a woman 1 She was the first woman, the female version of human beings that was missing until now. +1:13 cw50 brought her to him 1 God personally introduced them. He presented the woman to Adam, almost like offering a special gift. +1:14 i8wl At last! 1 Adam’s exclamation indicates that he had been waiting for something like the woman. +1:14 hd8k like me 1 The woman was the same type of being as Adam, even though there were important differences between them. +1:14 svub Woman 1 This word is the feminine form of the word ‘man.’ +1:14 f23l made from Man 1 The woman was formed directly from Adam’s own body. +1:14 zupn a man leaves 1 This is stated in the present tense to indicate what would become the normal situation in the future. Adam did not have a mother or father, but all other men would. +1:14 k1g4 becomes one 1 The husband and wife will share an intimate bond of unity and a commitment to one another that will surpass their relationships to anyone else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +1:15 liky God made 1 God formed the man and the woman in a very personal way. +1:15 d9xu in his own image 1 An image is a physical representation of someone or something. God made people to display or represent some of his qualities and traits, but not to be equal to him. +1:15 tljk very good 1 More intense than the **it was good** statements on previous days. **Very good** refers to all of creation, not just the man and the woman. Everything was exactly as God intended it to be. +1:15 hk84 creation 1 This word is used here to refer to the six-day period during which God made everything that exists. +1:16 toy1 the seventh day 1 The next day after the six days of creation were completed. +1:16 cpxu finished all the work that he had been doing 1 Specifically, God finished the work of creation. He still performs other work. +1:16 rit2 blessed the seventh day 1 God had a special, positive plan for the seventh day, and for every seventh day to follow. +1:16 lrdv made it holy 1 That is, God ‘set apart’ the day as a special day. It was not to be used in the same way as the other six days of the week. +1:16 gxw7 the universe 1 This includes everything that God created on the earth and in the heavens, both visible and invisible things. +1:16 qqac A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +2:intro vna2 Sin Enters the World 1 This title can also be translated as: “About how people began to sin” or “How did people begin to sin?” +2:1 q9wd the beautiful garden 1 This refers to a special collection of trees and plants that God prepared for Adam and Eve to enjoy and from which to eat. This should be the same word that was used in [01:11](01/11). See how you translated it there. +2:1 con5 shame 1 the feeling that comes with knowing we have sinned or that we fall short in some way +2:1 sjyf talked with God 1 The word for **talk** should be the same as would be used to refer to talking to a human being. God may have taken a physical form to talk to the man and the woman since the text indicates that they talked to him face-to-face. +2:2 s5fb a snake 1 This refers to an elongated, legless creature that now moves by wiggling on its belly. Although later on in the story it is revealed that Satan spoke through the snake, this should not be said here in this frame. +2:2 qe44 crafty 1 clever and sly, with the intent to deceive +2:2 y2xx He asked the woman, “Did God really tell you not to eat the fruit from any of the trees in the garden?” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “He asked the woman if God had really told her not to eat the fruit from any of the trees in the garden.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +2:2 y9sm Did God really tell you not to eat the fruit from any of the trees in the garden? 1 This is a rhetorical question. The snake asked the woman whether God actually said not to eat from any of the trees in the garden. But he was only pretending that he didn’t know what God had said because he wanted to create doubt in the woman’s mind. He wanted her to question God’s goodness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +2:2 o0ol you 1 If your language has different words for **you** depending on the number of people intended, use the plural form. God had given this command to both the man and the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) +2:2 cdlk the fruit from any of the trees 1 This refers to all of the various types of fruit from each of the different trees in the garden. +2:3 qnrf The woman answered, “God told us we could eat the fruit of any tree except from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. God told us, ‘If you eat that fruit or even touch it, you will die.’” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “The woman answered that God had told them that they could eat the fruit of any tree except from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, and that if they ate that fruit or even touched it, they would die.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +2:3 wh7w If you eat that fruit or even touch it, you will die 1 If your language has different words for **you** depending on the number of people intended, use the plural form. God had given this command to both the man and the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) +2:3 vqgx the fruit 1 We don’t know what kind of fruit this was. We only know that it grew on this tree. If possible, it is best to use a general word for fruit here, and not a word for a specific kind of fruit. +2:3 bv1c the tree of the knowledge of good and evil 1 The woman correctly understood that they were not allowed to eat from this one tree that would enable them to understand evil as well as good. +2:3 wgfj you will die 1 Use your ordinary word for death, for a person’s physical life to end. Don’t avoid the term just because the thought of death sounds too harsh. +2:4 vja6 The snake responded to the woman, “That is not true! You will not die. God just knows that as soon as you eat it, you will be like God and will understand good and evil like he does.” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “The snake responded to the woman that this was not true! They would not die. God just knew that as soon as they ate it, they would be like God and would understand good and evil like he does.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +2:4 hdre You will not die. God just knows that as soon as you eat it, you will be like God 1 If your language has different words for **you** depending on the number of people intended, use the plural form. Satan was speaking about what would happen to both the man and the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) +2:4 kid5 like God 1 The man and the woman were already made in the likeness of God. The snake is suggesting that the woman would be more like God if she understood evil. However, God never intended for her to have this knowledge. +2:4 hrsk will understand good and evil 1 To know from personal experience what things are good and what things are bad, or being able to know whether something is good or bad. +2:4 papn good and evil 1 This is a merism. **Good** and **evil** are two extremes that represent everything in between them. Satan is saying that they would understand everthing about what is right and wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +2:5 nslb wise 1 The woman wanted to have insight and understanding like the snake seemed to have, and like God has. +2:5 p91r who was with her 1 This is important information because it shows that the man was present when the woman made the decision to eat the fruit. +2:6 z7qb their eyes were opened 1 This expression means they now understood something for the first time. This could be translated as: “they saw things differently.” In your language, there may be an expression with similar meaning that you could use to translate this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +2:6 gd3c they realized they were naked 1 After the man and the woman disobeyed God, they felt ashamed that they were naked. That is why they used leaves to try to cover their naked bodies. +2:6 r99s They tried to cover their bodies 1 The man and the woman tried to cover their bodies in order to hide from God because they were ashamed that they were naked. You may want to make that explicit. Alternate translation: “They were ashamed that they were naked, and tried to cover their bodies to hide from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +2:7 xro8 God walking 1 It seems that God regularly came to the garden to walk and talk with the man and the woman. We do not know what this looked like. If it is possible, it is best to use the same word that would be used to talk about a person walking. +2:7 fe8m Then God called to the man, “Where are you?” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Then God called to the man and asked him where he was.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +2:7 x7xe Where are you? 1 This is a rhetorical question. God already knew the answer to this question. The purpose of the question was to force the man and the woman to explain why they were hiding. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +2:7 o87m you 1 If your language has different words for **you** depending on the number of people intended, use the singular form. God was speaking only to the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) +2:7 a8g9 Adam replied, “I heard you walking in the garden, and I was afraid because I was naked. So I hid.” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Adam replied that he heard God walking in the garden, and was afraid because he was naked. So he hid.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +2:8 nqmg Then God asked, “Who told you that you were naked? Did you eat the fruit I told you not to eat?” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Then God asked who told Adam, that he were naked, and it he had eaten the fruit that God told him not to eat.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +2:8 pt3j Who told you that you were naked? 1 Or, “How did you find out that you were naked?” God already knows the answer to all of his questions. By asking this question and the following question, he was giving Adam the opportunity to admit his sin of disobedience. Being naked was not a sin. God created them that way. Their knowledge of their nakedness was the problem. Their shame showed that they had sinned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +2:8 sxm7 Did you eat the fruit I told you not to eat? 1 This is a rhetorical question. God already knew that Adam had eaten the fruit that God had told him not to eat. This can be translated as: a statement: “You ate the fruit that I told you not to eat!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +2:8 zo01 she gave me the fruit 1 The man blamed the woman rather than confessing his disobedience and accepting responsibility for disobeying God. +2:8 vapd Then God asked the woman, “What have you done?” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Then God asked the woman what she had done.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +2:8 w2ln What have you done? 1 Or, “Why have you done this?” God already knew the answer to this question. By asking this question, he was giving the woman the opportunity to admit her guilt. He was also implying that she should not have done what she did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +2:8 w9bi The snake tricked me 1 The snake deceived or misled her. He lied to her. Don’t use a word that indicates that he cast a spell on her or bewitched her. The woman blamed the snake rather than confessing her disobedience and accepting responsibility for disobeying God. +2:9 k8av You are cursed! 1 This could also be translated as: “I curse you!” or “Great harm will come to you.” Do not use a word that implies magic. +2:9 gklw will hate each other 1 The woman would hate the snake and the snake would hate the woman. The women’s descendants would also hate the snake’s descendants, and the snake’s descendants would hate them. +2:9 hh3x The woman’s descendant 1 Refers to one of her descendants in particular. +2:9 rz9x will crush your head 1 The descendant of the woman will destroy the descendant of the snake. +2:9 nqqe will wound his heel 1 The descendant of the snake will wound the descendant of the woman. +2:10 rw36 childbirth very painful 1 Some languages may need to express this as a verb. You could say: ‘I will cause you to have much more pain when you give birth to children.’ +2:11 ym34 the ground is cursed 1 As punishment for Adam’s disobedience, the earth would no longer be fruitful. Adam would have to work very hard to raise enough food to eat. +2:11 ac2q you will die 1 The ultimate punishment for their disobedience was death. Spiritual death is our separation from God. Physical death is our separation from our body. +2:11 obty will return to soil 1 God created Adam from the soil and gave him life. As a result of sin, his life will be taken from him and his body will decompose and become soil again. +2:11 s5su Eve, which means “life-giver,” 1 God gave life to Adam and Eve, and it is passed on to every person through childbirth. +2:11 hs6x the mother of all people 1 This means that she would be the female ancestor of all people. Some languages might say ‘she would be the grandmother of all people.’ +2:12 jqaw like us by knowing good and evil 1 Here, this phrase points to a new way that Adam and Eve would be like God. Because they had sinned, they were aware of evil and could experience it. You could say: “because now they knew both good and evil.” +2:12 qg82 like us 1 The Bible teaches that there is one God, but the Old Testament word ‘God’ is a plural form, and God uses plural pronouns when speaking to himself. Some understand this as a special way of speaking that expresses God’s majesty, and others understand this as God the Father speaking to the Son and the Spirit, who are all God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) +2:12 ay4n good and evil 1 This is a merism. **Good** and **evil** are two extremes that represent everything in between them. God is saying that they would understand everything about what is right and wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) +2:12 ehcp they must not be allowed 1 This can be stated in active form: “we must not allow them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +2:12 whfk the fruit 1 The specific kind of fruit is not revealed, so it is best to translate this using a general word for fruit. +2:12 syma the tree of life 1 This was an actual tree with fruit (See: [01:11](01/11)). If a person ate this fruit, he would live continually and never die. +2:12 ho60 A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +3:intro w76z The Flood 1 This title can also be translated as: “About God made a great flood” or “What happened when God made a great flood?” +3:1 zqvf After a long time 1 This story happens many generations (hundreds of years) after creation. +3:1 m0vs very wicked and violent 1 It may be more natural to say: “had become wicked and did violent things.” +3:1 b1cx It became so bad 1 It may be clearer to say: “People were behaving in such harmful and evil ways.” +3:1 clwy God decided to destroy 1 This does not mean that the earth would be destroyed completely. Rather God planned to destroy all the people who had rebelled against him and who had caused such evil and violence. This flood would also kill all the land animals and the birds. +3:1 w6ra a huge flood 1 Very deep water that would cover the earth, even in places where the ground was normally dry, and even covering the tops of the highest mountains. +3:2 byxv God was pleased with Noah 1 God was pleased with Noah because he feared and obeyed God. So even though Noah was not sinless, God was gracious to him and made a plan to rescue his family from the devastating flood. Make sure this does not sound like Noah was lucky or that he just happened to escape. Rather, it was God’s choice. +3:2 yqq2 was going to make a big flood 1 God planned to cause deep water to cover the earth by sending a lot of rain. That is, he planned to cause the flood by causing a lot of rain to fall. +3:2 jhhl a big flood 1 See how you translated this in [03:01](03/01). +3:3 rtkd the boat 1 The boat was big enough to carry eight people, two of every kind of animal, and their provisions for almost a year. +3:4 wnd6 Noah warned the people 1 Noah told everyone that God planned to destroy the world because of sin. +3:4 tvfv to turn to God 1 This means that they should stop sinning and start obeying God. +3:6 att5 God sent 1 Noah did not need to find the animals. God sent them to him. +3:6 xg2k used for sacrifices 1 For some languages, it may be better to say something like, ‘animals that were acceptable to sacrifice to God.’ God had decided that people should sacrifice animals to him, but he only permitted them to sacrifice certain kinds of animals. +3:6 dkq8 God himself closed the door 1 This emphasizes that it was God who shut the door. +3:7 ahvc rain, and rain, and rain 1 This emphasizes that there was an unusual, extreme amount of rain. Other languages may have a different way of emphasizing this. +3:7 egbq gushing up 1 This indicates that there was a large amount of water coming out. +3:7 tm18 the whole world was covered 1 This refers to all the earth being covered with water from the flood. +3:9 acyq the rains stopped 1 This could be translated as: “it stopped raining.” +3:9 edq4 the boat rested 1 There was so much water from the rain that it covered the mountains. The ship floated over the mountains, and when the water started to go down, the ship went down with the water and settled on a mountain. +3:9 bdgi After three more months 1 During the next three months, the water continued to go down. +3:9 bdez were visible 1 Other ways to translate this would be “were showing” or “appeared” or “could be seen.” It may be more clear to say: “After three months, the water had gone down enough so that Noah and his family could clearly see the tops of the mountains.” +3:10 xj4c a raven 1 A black bird that flies and eats a variety of plant and animal foods, including the rotting flesh of dead animals. +3:11 co1y a dove 1 A small white or gray flying bird that eats seeds or fruit. +3:11 js7m an olive branch 1 An olive tree’s fruit contains oil which people use for cooking or putting on their skin. If your language does not have a word for **olive branch**, you could translate it as: “branch from a tree called ‘olive’” or “branch from an oil-tree.” +3:11 nzdg The water was going down 1 It may be more natural in your language to say: “the water was going away” or “the level of the water was getting lower.” +3:12 h2gp waited another week 1 You could say: “waited seven more days.” The word **waited** shows that Noah was allowing time for the floodwaters to go down before sending out the dove again. +3:13 z2q4 Two months later 1 This means two months after Noah released the dove from the ark. It may be necessary to say this explicitly if it is not clear. +3:13 b5rq God said to Noah, “You and your family and all the animals may leave the boat now. Have many children and grandchildren and fill the earth.” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God told Noah that he and his family and all the animals could leave the boat then, and have many children and grandchildren and fill the earth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +3:13 lurj Have many children 1 To make sure it is clear that this was God’s command and desire, you could say: “You must have many children” or “I want you to have many children.” +3:13 ii8h fill the earth 1 If this is not clear, it may be necessary to say: “and fill the earth with people” or “so that there will be many people living on the earth.” +3:13 v0br came out 1 Some languages would say: “went out” instead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) +3:14 u30w animal that could be used for a sacrifice 1 Another way to say this would be: “that people could use to sacrifice to him.” +3:14 he14 God was happy 1 God was pleased with Noah for sacrificing these animals. +3:15 um5u God said, “I promise I will never again curse the ground because of the evil things that people do, or destroy the world by causing a flood, even though people are sinful from the time they are children.” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God promised to never again curse the ground because of the evil things that people do, or destroy the world by causing a flood, even though people are sinful from the time they are children.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +3:15 jf5p never again 1 This means ‘not ever again’ or ‘not again at any time’ or ‘truly not again.’ Examples: ‘I will not ever again curse the ground’ or ‘I will not curse the ground again at any time’ or ‘I will truly not curse the ground again.’ +3:15 dd21 curse the ground 1 The earth and the other creatures suffered because of man’s sin. +3:15 clt9 the world 1 This refers to the earth and the living creatures that lived on it. +3:15 rsay people are sinful from the time they are children 1 Another way to say this would be: “people do sinful things their entire lives.” +3:16 z8z9 rainbow 1 This is the multicolored arc of light that often appears in the sky after a rainstorm. +3:16 kq3l a sign 1 A sign is something (such as an object or event) that gives a certain meaning or which points to something that is true or will happen. +3:16 c5q4 of his promise 1 In some languages, it may be better to say: “to show that he had promised.” +3:16 gz22 Every time 1 Make sure it is clear that this means every time a rainbow appeared from that time on. It may be necessary to add: “From then on, every time…” +3:16 zrkk what he promised 1 This refers back to the previous frame in which God promised to never again destroy the earth with a flood. +3:16 mcy2 A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +4:intro q8f7 God’s Covenant with Abraham 1 This title can also be translated as: “About how God made a covenant with Abraham” or “Why did God make a covenant with Abraham?” +4:1 e6dt Many years after the flood 1 Many generations had passed since the end of the flood. +4:1 jyda there were again many people 1 Noah’s family multiplied into enough people to fill a city. +4:1 yif2 the same language 1 This means there was only one language, so they could all understand each other. +4:1 t0yn a city 1 It is best to use a general word for **city** since the text does not give a specific name. +4:2 byba a tall tower that would reach heaven 1 This structure was so tall that its top would be in the sky. +4:2 afks heaven 1 This could be translated as: “sky.” +4:3 ga03 changed their language 1 In an instant, God miraculously gave them different languages to speak so that, suddenly, they were no longer able to understand each other. +4:3 s468 many different languages 1 Instead of one large group of people speaking one language, there were now many smaller people groups each speaking its own separate language. +4:3 hnr7 spread the people 1 When God changed their languages, he caused these groups of people to scatter out on the earth. Each group moved to its own area. +4:3 y07t Babel 1 We don’t know the exact location of this city, other than it was somewhere in the ancient Middle East. +4:3 i23v confused 1 This refers to how the people were confused or mixed-up when they could no longer understand each other after God changed their language. +4:4 kfkk Hundreds of years later 1 This could be translated as: “many generations after the people split into different language groups at Babel.” or “a long time after that happened.” +4:4 avgs God told him, “Leave your country and family and go to the land I will show you. I will bless you and make you a great nation. I will make your name great. I will bless those who bless you and curse those who curse you. All families on earth will be blessed because of you.” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God told him to leave his country and family and go to the land he would show him. God would bless him and make him a great nation. He would make his name great. He would bless those who curse Abram and curse those who curse him. All families on earth will be blessed because of you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +4:4 uatd Leave your country 1 This refers to the area where Abram was born and grew up (a region in Central Asia called ‘Ur’). It could be translated as: “native region” or “homeland” or something similar. +4:4 mymp and family 1 God was calling Abram to leave behind most of his relatives. However, God was not telling Abram to abandon the people he was responsible for, including his wife. +4:4 b4ay make you a great nation 1 Here **great nation** is a metonym that means God would cause Abram to have many descendants, and they would become a large and important nation or country. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +4:4 ypev will make your name great 1 This means that Abram’s name and family would become well-known throughout the world and people would think well of them. +4:4 hsfs All families on earth will be blessed because of you 1 This can be stated in active form: “I will bless all families on earth because of you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +4:4 gzsw All families on earth 1 Abram’s decision to follow God would affect not only his own family, but also families from every people group on earth. +4:5 mnef He took 1 Some languages would say: “He brought” here. Others would use two different verbs here, such as: “He caused his wife to come with him” or “He brought along all of their servants and possessions.” +4:5 e69m God showed him 1 Somehow God made it clear to Abram where he was to go. The text doesn’t tell how God showed him. +4:5 n4dh the land of Canaan 1 The name of this land was ‘Canaan.’ This could be translated as: “the land called Canaan.” +4:6 zznr God said, “Look all around you. I will give to you all this land, and your descendants will always possess it.” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God told Abram to look all around, for God would give to him all this land, and his descendants would always possess it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +4:6 uf8p all this land 1 If Abram was standing on a mountain, he could have seen a very large area. On several occasions, God promised to give the entire land of Canaan to Abram and his descendants. +4:6 bb0t your descendants will always possess it 1 God promised to give the land to Abram and also to his descendants. +4:6 wtvu Then Abram settled in the land 1 Abram lived there along with all those who had gone there with him. +4:7 nqh1 Melchizedek blessed Abram and said, “May God Most High who owns heaven and earth bless Abram.” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Melchizedek blessed Abram and asked that God Most High who owns heaven and earth would bless Abram.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +4:7 sy9j Melchizedek 1 Melchizedek was the recognized religious authority in Canaan who received and presented offerings to God. +4:7 tc6p God Most High 1 The people of Canaan worshiped many false gods. The title **Most High God** explains that the God that Melchizedek worshiped was far superior to all of them, and was the same God that Abram worshiped. +4:8 jgg0 Many years went by 1 A large number of years had passed since God had first promised that Abram would have a son. +4:8 shwl as the stars in the sky 1 This expression means that Abram’s descendants will be so many that no one can count them all. +4:9 z4yk two parties 1 The parties could be two people, two groups of people, or a person and a group of people. +4:9 zcg8 in this case, God made a promise to Abram 1 The promise that God made to Abraham was without conditions. God would do what he promised. It did not depend on what Abram did. +4:9 kapa God said, “I will give you a son from your own body. I give the land of Canaan to your descendants.” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God said he would give Abram a son from his own body, and would give the land of Canaan to his descendants.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +4:9 gmb5 from your own body 1 With his own body, Abram would cause his wife to become pregnant, so that, together, they would have their own, natural son. This was an amazing promise, since Abram and Sarai were very old. +4:9 pfam did not have a son 1 Abram still did not have any descendants who could possess the land. +4:9 wx5y A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +5:intro how2 The Son of Promise 1 This title can also be translated as: “About how God promised Abraham that he would have a son” or “How did God promise to give Abraham a son?” +5:1 temq they still did not have a child 1 Without a child, Abram had no descendants to become a great nation. +5:1 jdn3 So Abram’s wife, Sarai, said to him, “Since God has not allowed me to have children, and now I am too old to have children, here is my servant, Hagar. Marry her also so she can have a child for me.” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “So Abram’s wife, Sarai, said to him that since God had not allowed her to have children and now I am too old to have children, Abram should take her servant, Hagar, and marry her also so she could have a child for Sarai.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +5:1 dw0n Marry her also 1 Abram would take Hagar as a second wife, but Hagar would not have the full status of a wife as Sarai did. She was still Sarai’s servant. +5:1 ljh2 have a child for me 1 Since Hagar was Sarai’s servant, Sarai would be considered the mother of any children that Hagar bore. +5:2 zq37 married 1 Hagar became Abram’s concubine–a ‘second wife’ of lower status. Hagar was still Sarai’s servant. +5:2 pfsd became jealous of Hagar 1 Sarai was jealous of Hagar because Hagar could have children and Sarai could not. +5:3 gc5l God also told Abram, “You will be the father of many nations. I will give you and your descendants the land of Canaan as their possession, and I will be their God forever. You must circumcise every male in your family.” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God also told Abram that Abram would be the father of many nations. God would give him and his descendants the land of Canaan as their possession and would be their God forever. Abram must circumcise every male in his family.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +5:3 vdj7 the father of many nations 1 Abram would have many descendants, and they would have their own lands and rule themselves. They and others would remember that Abram was their ancestor and would honor him. +5:3 b9er I will be their God 1 Another way to say this is: “I will be the God that they will worship.” +5:3 phbf every male in your family 1 This could be translated as: “every boy and man in your family.” This included Abram’s servants and his descendants. +5:4 euvk General Information 1 God continues to speak to Abram. +5:4 trv2 “Your wife, Sarai, will have a son—he will be the son of promise. Name him Isaac. I will make my covenant with him, and he will become a great nation. I will make Ishmael a great nation, too, but my covenant will be with Isaac.” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “His wife, Sarai, would have a son—he will be the son of promise. He would name him Isaac. God would make is covenant with Isaac, and he will become a great nation. God would make Ishmael a great nation, too, but his covenant would be with Isaac.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +5:4 soaz the son of promise 1 Isaac would be the son that God promised to Sarai and Abram. He would also be the son that God would use to give Abram many descendants. +5:4 jcti I will make my covenant with him 1 This would be the same covenant that God made with Abram. +5:4 u89c father of many 1 As God had promised, Abraham would become the ancestor of many people who would even become many nations. +5:4 pdyb princess 1 A princess is a daughter of a king. The names Sarai and Sarah apparently both meant ‘princess.’ But God changed her name to signify that she would be the mother of many nations, and some of her descendants would be kings. +5:5 m26i all the males in his household 1 This means all of the men and boys that Abraham was responsible for, including his male servants, young and old. +5:6 trwv God tested Abraham’s faith by saying, “Take Isaac, your only son, and kill him as a sacrifice to me.” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God tested Abraham’s faith by telling him to take Isaac, his only son, and kill him as a sacrifice to God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +5:6 dwja God tested Abraham’s faith 1 God wanted Abraham to show that he was completely submitted to God, that he would obey whatever God told him to do. +5:6 r82o your only son 1 It is implied that God knows that Abraham has another son, Ishmael. This emphasizes that Isaac is the son that God promised to give Abraham. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “your only son whom I have promised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +5:6 eef5 kill him 1 God did not want human sacrifice. God wanted to see that Abraham loved God more than he loved his son and would obey God even when God told him to give his son back to God. +5:6 aw61 prepared to sacrifice his son 1 Abraham got ready to sacrifice his son. God stopped him before he killed his son. +5:7 jb4k walked to the place of sacrifice 1 God had told Abraham to sacrifice Isaac on a special high hill that was about three days’ walk from where they lived. +5:7 ez0z Isaac asked, “Father, we have wood for the sacrifice, but where is the lamb?” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Isaac told his father that they had wood for the sacrifice, but he did not know where the lamb was.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +5:7 cndz wood for the sacrifice 1 For a sacrifice, normally the lamb was killed and then placed on top of wood so that the wood and the lamb could be burned up with fire. +5:7 e5cy the lamb 1 A young sheep or goat would be the normal animal for a sacrifice. +5:7 qw8g Abraham replied, “God will provide the lamb for the sacrifice, my son.” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Abraham replied to his son that God would provide the lamb for the sacrifice.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +5:7 qmv0 will provide the lamb 1 Abraham may have believed that Isaac was the lamb that God provided, although God fulfilled Abraham’s words by providing a ram to sacrifice in Isaac’s place. +5:8 auut to kill his son 1 God did not want human sacrifice. God wanted to see that Abraham loved God more than he loved his son and would obey God even when God told him to give his son back to God. +5:8 t5ha God said, “Stop! Do not hurt the boy! Now I know that you fear me because you did not keep your only son from me.” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God told him to stop, and not to hurt the boy! God now knew that Abraham feared God because he did not keep his only son from him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +5:8 wy4t you fear me 1 Abraham feared God, which included respect and reverence for God. Because of those things, he obeyed God. +5:8 s1mq your only son 1 Ishmael was also Abraham’s son, but Isaac was the only son of Abraham and Sarah. God’s covenant was with Isaac and it was through Isaac that God would fulfill his promise. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “your only son whom I have promised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +5:9 y8d1 a ram 1 A ram is an adult male sheep. +5:9 oncb God had provided the ram 1 Just at the right moment, God caused the ram to be stuck in the bush. +5:10 pted Then God said to Abraham, “Because you were willing to give me everything, even your only son, I promise to bless you. Your descendants will be more than the stars in the sky. Because you have obeyed me, I will bless all the families of the world through your family.” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Then God said to Abraham that because Abraham was willing to give God everything, even his only son, he promised to bless him. His descendants will be more than the stars in the sky. Because Abraham had obeyed him, God would bless all the families of the world through Abraham’s family.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +5:10 dk6t your only son 1 See explanation in [05:08](05/08). +5:10 wpgm the stars in the sky 1 See explanation in [04:08](04/08). +5:10 l9k9 all the families of the world 1 Here, **families** refers to the larger distinct groups of people on earth, rather than to each set of parents and children. +5:10 tndw your family 1 Here, **family** refers to the many descendants that Abraham would have. The future generations of the world would be blessed through Abraham’s descendants. The greatest blessing would come many generations later through God’s chosen servant, the Messiah. +5:10 zpnv A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +6:intro ln8a God Provides for Isaac 1 This title can also be translated as: “About how God got a wife for Isaac” or “How did God get a wife for Isaac?” +6:1 stnv sent one of his servants back 1 This could be translated as: “told one of his servants to go back.” The word **back** means that the servant would be going to the same place where Abraham used to live long ago before he came to Canaan. Make sure the translation of this phrase makes that clear. +6:1 ebhn to the land 1 This land was east of where Abraham was now living. +6:1 g10j to bring back a wife for his son, Isaac 1 This could be translated as: “to bring back an unmarried woman for his son, Isaac, to marry.” +6:2 jn75 the granddaughter of Abraham’s brother 1 Specifically, she was the daughter of Abraham’s brother’s son. Her grandfather was Abraham’s brother. +6:3 x2os Rebekah agreed 1 Even though Rebekah’s parents were arranging her marriage, they did not force her to go marry Isaac. +6:4 sl9v God then blessed Abraham’s son Isaac because of the covenant he had made with Abraham. 1 The promises of the covenant that God made with Abraham were not for him only, but also for his descendants. +6:4 bo4d countless 1 This could also be translated as: “very many.” The word **countless** means there would be so many descendants that people would not be able to count them. +6:5 fmvr in Rebekah’s womb 1 This could mean ‘inside her.’ +6:6 uj1m God told Rebekah, “You will give birth to two sons. Their descendants will become two different nations. They will struggle with each other. But the nation coming from your older son will have to obey the nation coming from your younger son.” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God told Rebekah that she would give birth to two sons. Their descendants would become two different nations. They would struggle with each other. But the nation coming from her older son would have to obey the nation coming from her younger son.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +6:6 wy0a They will struggle with each other 1 Both the two sons and the nations that will come from them will continually fight with each other. Compare to [06:05](06/05). +6:6 lsbd your older son 1 Even though the babies were twins, the baby that came out first would be treated as the older son. +6:7 qkna Rebekah’s babies were born 1 Some languages have a more indirect way of saying this such as: “when Rebekah saw and took them” or “when Rebekah brought them to light.” +6:7 i86k the older son came out & the younger son came out 1 This could be translated as: “the first son to come out was…the second son to come out was.” Make sure that the way **older** and **younger** are translated still communicates that the boys were twins. +6:7 u3fz red 1 This may mean that his skin was very red or that the hair on his body was red. +6:7 t0ol hairy 1 Esau had a lot of hair on his body. You could say: “the older son’s body was red, with lots of hair.” +6:7 fsqb A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +7:intro mhz1 God Blesses Jacob 1 This title can also be translated as: “About how God helped Jacob” or “What did God do to help Jacob?” +7:1 a5s7 As the boys grew up, Jacob loved to stay at home, but Esau loved to hunt animals 1 This is background information telling how the boys were different from each other, and that their parents each favored one child over the other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +7:1 vf5f loved to stay at home & loved to hunt 1 Some languages will use a word for **love** here that is different from the one used for, “Rebekah loved Jacob.” For example, this could be translated as: “liked to stay at home…liked to hunt” or “preferred to stay at home…preferred to hunt.” +7:1 kmsg at home 1 This expression refers to the area around the family dwellings. Jacob preferred to stay close to the tents where they lived. Some languages have a special expression for **at home**. +7:1 buit but Esau loved to hunt animals 1 The connecting word **but** contrasts Esau’s love of hunting with Jacob’s love of staying home. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +7:1 l1oe Rebekah loved Jacob, but Isaac loved Esau 1 This could be translated as: “Rebekah was more fond of Jacob, and Isaac was more fond of Esau.” This does not necessarily mean that Rebekah and Isaac did not love the other son, but that each parent had a favorite. +7:1 oxd4 but Isaac loved Esau 1 The connecting word **but** contrasts Isaac’s love of Esau with Rebekah’s love of Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +7:2 nbce Esau said to Jacob, “Give me some of the food you have made.” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Esau asked Jacob to give him some of the food that Jacob had made.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +7:2 l1sl Give me some of the food & you will give it all 1 Some languages may prefer to use two different words for **give** here. This would also apply to, “Esau promised to give…Jacob gave” in the last two sentences. +7:2 svny Jacob responded, “First, promise me that everything you should receive because you were born first, you will give it all to me.” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jacob told Esau to first promise that everything Easu would receive because he was born first, he would give it all to Jacob.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +7:2 wznw everything you should receive because you were born first 1 According to their custom, since Esau was the oldest son, he should have been the one to receive twice as much of their father’s wealth when their father died. Jacob thought of a way to take these rights of the oldest son from Esau. +7:3 ss81 give his blessing 1 It was customary for fathers to formally express their desire for good things to happen to their children. Normally, the older son received the best promise. Isaac wanted this extra prosperity to happen to Esau. +7:3 ea6c But before he did 1 The connecting word **But** here contrasts Isaac’s desire to give Esau a blessing with the Rebekah and Jacob’s trick that intervened, preventing him from doing so. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +7:3 of4g tricked him 1 The word **trick** means to do something to deliberately deceive someone. Rebekah came up with a plan to deceive Isaac into giving Jacob the special blessing instead of Esau. +7:3 spr2 pretend 1 The word **pretend** shows how Jacob would deceive his father (who had very poor eyesight in his old age). +7:3 s5we So Jacob put on Esau’s clothes and put goatskins on his neck and hands. 1 The connecting word **So** here connects the result, Jacob put on Esau’s clothes and goatskin to deceive Isaac, with the reason, Isaac was old and blind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +7:3 aupu Esau’s clothes 1 This refers to the clothes that Esau owned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) +7:3 foga goatskins 1 The hairiness of the goatskins would make Jacob feel like Esau. +7:4 o02a Jacob came to Isaac 1 In some languages, it might be more natural to say: “Jacob went to Isaac.” +7:4 w3fb When Isaac felt the goat hair and smelled the clothes, he thought it was Esau and blessed him. 1 This is a sequential clause. The word **When** connects Isaac feeling and smelling Jacob with the resulting action (he believed it was Esau and blessed him). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) +7:4 rgt4 he thought it was Esau 1 He thought that the person he was touching and smelling was Esau. +7:5 u325 because Jacob had stolen his rights as oldest son and also his blessing 1 The connecting word **because** connects the reason, Jacob stole Esau’s rights and blessing, with the result, Esau hated Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +7:5 dsks his rights 1 This refers to the the extra blessing and inheritance that belonged to Esau because he was the firstborn son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) +7:5 y6l9 rights as oldest son 1 Jacob found a way to get the larger portion of their father’s wealth that should have gone to Esau as the older son. See also note on [07:02](07/02). +7:5 sclr his blessing 1 Jacob also tricked their father into giving him the promise of extra prosperity that Isaac intended to give to Esau. See also note on [07:03](07/03). +7:5 apwm So he planned to kill Jacob 1 The connecting word **So** connects the result, Esau planned to kill Jacob, with the reason, Esau hated Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +7:6 a43t But Rebekah heard of Esau’s plan 1 The connecting word **But** is used in a contrast relationship. It contrasts Esau’s plan to kill Jacob with Rebekah hearing of it and devising a different plan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +7:6 lm1k Esau’s plan 1 This refers to the plan that Esau had decided to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])\n\nEsau’s plan was to kill Jacob after his father died. +7:6 a70x So she and Isaac sent Jacob far away 1 The connecting word **So** connects the result, Rebekah and Isaac sent Jacob far away, with the reason, Rebekah heard of Esau’s plan to kill Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +7:6 zehh she and Isaac sent Jacob far away 1 Rebekah wanted to protect Jacob from Esau, so she talked to Isaac about sending Jacob away. +7:6 gs14 far away to live with her relatives 1 This was the same place where Rebekah was living when Abraham’s servant asked her to be Isaac’s wife. To make this clear, you could add: “in the same land where she used to live.” The land was to the east, several hundred miles away. +7:6 ydz5 her relatives 1 This could also be translated as: “their relatives.” Since Abraham’s brother was Rebekah’s grandfather, her relatives were also Isaac’s relatives. +7:7 nw5v Rebekah’s relatives 1 This refers to a social relationship—these people were related to Rebekah as part of her extended family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) +7:7 jbla During that time he married and had 12 sons and a daughter. God made him very wealthy. 1 This is background information about what happened while Jacob was away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +7:7 mgy9 very wealthy 1 This included money, large herds of animals and other possessions. +7:8 naby After 20 years 1 Jacob had lived for twenty years in the land where his mother was from. If that is not clear you could say: “After twenty years living in the land where his relatives were…” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]]) +7:8 avqu his family 1 This refers to a social relationship—the people who were his family, those related to him by birth or marriage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) +7:8 ahpv all his flocks and herds of animals 1 This refers to ownership—all the groups of animals that belonged to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) +7:8 jb9h herds 1 A **herd** is a large group of animals. Use a similar word in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +7:9 mir9 Your servant, Jacob 1 Jacob was not actually Esau’s servant. But Jacob told his servants to say this because he wanted to show Esau that he was coming to him humbly and respectfully, so that Esau would no longer be angry with him. +7:10 ah4w But Esau no longer wanted to harm Jacob 1 The connecting word **But** here contrasts Jacob’s fear of Esau wanting to kill him with Esau no longer wanting to harm Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +7:10 xaee Instead, he was very happy to see him again 1 The connecting word **Instead** contrasts Jacob’s fear of Esau wanting to kill him with Esau being happy to see Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +7:10 hjkz lived peacefully 1 This refers to the fact that Esau and Jacob were not angry at each other and did not fight with each other. +7:10 hmhm Then Isaac died 1 The connecting word **Then** connects the timing of events. Jacob’s return to Canaan and living there were followed by Isaac’s death and Jacob and Esau burying him together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) +7:10 r9uo buried him 1 This could mean that they dug a hole in the ground, placed Isaac’s body in it, and covered the hole with dirt or stones. Or it could mean that they placed Isaac’s body in a cave and covered the opening. +7:10 erbu The covenant promises 1 These were the promises that God made in his covenant with Abraham. +7:10 v9bs passed on from Isaac to Jacob 1 The promises went from Abraham to his son Isaac, and now to Isaac’s son Jacob. Esau did not receive the promises (See: [06:04](06/04)). +7:10 sqs3 A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +8:intro mics God Saves Joseph and His Family 1 This title can also be translated as: “About how God took care of Joseph and his family” or “How did God rescue Joseph and his family?” +8:1 ewlu Many years later, when Jacob was an old man 1 This begins a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +8:1 ga59 sent 1 This word means that Jacob told Joseph to go and Joseph went. +8:1 tv09 his favorite son 1 This phase refers to a social relationship—the favorite son who was born to him. This could be translated as: “the son he loved more than any of his other children.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) +8:1 w4fv check on 1 This means that Joseph is to go and see if everything is all right with his brothers. Some languages might say something like: “to see about his brothers’ well-being.” +8:1 c80b his brothers 1 These were Joseph’s older brothers. +8:1 jib8 were taking care of the flocks 1 Since this was several days’ journey away, it may be necessary to say: “who were far away taking care of…” +8:2 mlye because their father loved him most, and because Joseph had dreamed 1 The word **because** connects the two reasons Joseph’s brothers hated him (their father loved him most and Joseph’s dream), with the result (they hated him). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +8:2 xh66 When Joseph came 1 The word **When** indicates the order of events. After Joseph came the brothers took him captive and sold him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) +8:2 ccu1 came to his brothers 1 Another way this could be translated is: “reached the place where his brothers were.” +8:2 ub5h took him captive 1 They took him against his will. It was not right for them to do this. +8:2 bnu4 slave traders 1 These were people who made a business of buying people from one owner and selling them as slaves to another owner. +8:3 c6d4 Before Joseph’s brothers returned home 1 The connecting word **Before** indicates the order of events. Joseph’s brothers tore his robe and dipped it in blood. Then they returned home. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) +8:3 cfim goat’s blood 1 This connects the blood with the goat, of which it was a part. The brothers wanted Jacob to think that the blood on the clothes was Joseph’s blood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) +8:3 lly0 so he would think that a wild animal 1 The connecting word **so** connects the reason (showing Jacob the torn robe dipped in blood), with the desired result (Jacob thinking a wild animal killed Joseph). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +8:4 ta81 Egypt was a large, powerful country located along the Nile River. 1 This is background information about the country of Egypt where the slave traders took Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +8:4 gtsr a wealthy government official 1 This was a person who was part of the Egyptian government. Another way to say this would be: “a leader in Egypt’s government.” +8:4 b739 Joseph served his master well, and God blessed Joseph. 1 The connecting word **and** indicates two events that happened when Joseph became a slave. There is no indication of cause and effect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) +8:5 tukk tried to sleep with Joseph 1 Another way to say this would be: “tried to seduce Joseph to have sex with her.” To **sleep with** is a way of expressing this in order not to be crude or offensive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +8:5 h4jg but Joseph refused to sin against God 1 The connecting word **but** indicates a contrast. You would expect that when Joseph’s master’s wife tried to sleep with him, Joseph would agree, but instead he did the unexpected and refused. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +8:5 fqf9 sin against God 1 It is against God’s law for people to have sex together if they are not married to each other. Joseph did not want to sin by disobeying God’s law. +8:5 xvyc Even in prison 1 The connecting word **Even** indicates a contrast. You would expect Joseph to become bitter in prison but, instead, he continued to be faithful and God continued to bless him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +8:5 upxw remained faithful to God 1 Another way to say this would be: “continued to obey God.” +8:6 cpy5 which is what the Egyptians called their kings 1 This is background information about the title, ‘Pharaoh.’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +8:6 s8pl disturbed him greatly 1 This means that the king felt very afraid and confused (because of what he had seen in the dreams). +8:6 tex1 None of his advisors could tell him the meaning of the dreams. 1 The interpretation of dreams was important in the ancient Near East. It was seen as possible only through divine power. This can be clearly stated: “God did not enable any of his advisors to tell him the meaning of the dreams..’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +8:6 jfx5 his advisors 1 These were men with special powers and knowledge who could sometimes tell what dreams meant. Some translations refer to them as ‘wise men.’ +8:6 tba9 the meaning of the dreams 1 People in Egypt believed that dreams were messages from the gods telling them about what would happen in the future. God used Pharaoh’s dreams to tell him what would happen. +8:7 zx9o God had given Joseph the ability to interpret dreams 1 Yahweh gave Joseph the power to interpret dreams in order to bring himself glory and to protect Joseph and the Hebrew people. This can be clearly stated: “God had given Joseph the ability to interpret dreams in order to protect Joseph and the Hebrew people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +8:7 fx3x to interpret dreams 1 To **interpret** is to tell what something means. So Joseph was able to tell people what their dreams meant. +8:7 dx3z had Joseph brought to him 1 Another way to say this would be: “ordered his servants to bring Joseph to him.” +8:7 wx8i and said, “God is going to send seven years of plentiful harvests followed by seven years of famine.” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “and told him that God was going to send seven years of plentiful harvests followed by seven years of famine.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +8:7 xpky God is going to send 1 God will cause the crops to grow well for seven years, and after that he will cause them to produce very little food so that the people and animals will not have enough to eat. +8:7 wjnf famine 1 The gardens and fields would produce so little food that people and animals would not have enough to eat. +8:8 zbif was so impressed with Joseph 1 Pharaoh was amazed by Joseph’s wisdom and felt respect for him; he trusted Joseph to make wise decisions that would benefit the people. It may be clearer to say: “impressed with Joseph’s wisdom.” +8:8 py9i he appointed him to be the second most powerful man in all of Egypt! 1 This is a strong statement that emphasizes how unusual it was for a slave to be so honored by the Pharaoh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +8:8 kkyi the second most powerful man 1 Pharaoh made Joseph a very powerful and important ruler over all of Egypt. Only Pharaoh was more powerful and important than Joseph. +8:9 hnfl to store up large amounts of food 1 From the abundant harvests, they took food to the cities and stored it there. The food then belonged to Pharaoh. +8:9 h505 famine 1 See how you translated this in [08:07](08/07). +8:10 ehrd The famine was severe 1 The famine was very bad. There was very little food and many people outside of Egypt were starving. +8:10 th80 Egypt, but also in Canaan 1 For some languages, it may be clearer or more natural to say: “the country of Egypt, but also in the land of Canaan.” +8:11 j8s3 So, Jacob sent his older sons to Egypt to buy food. 1 The connecting word **So** connects the result (Jacob send his sons to buy food), with the reason (the famine was bad in Canaan). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +8:11 bzkk his older sons 1 These were Joseph’s older brothers who had sold him into slavery. +8:11 y18i did not recognize Joseph 1 They did not know that the man was Joseph, because now Joseph was much older than when they last saw him, and he was dressed as an Egyptian ruler. +8:11 a07j But Joseph recognized them. 1 The connecting word **But** indicates a contrast relationship. It contrasts Joseph’s brothers not recognizing him with Joseph recognizing them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +8:12 u1r7 After testing his brothers 1 The connecting word **After** begins a sequential clause. Joseph tested his brothers to see if they had changed and then he revealed who he was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) +8:12 lj8p testing his brothers 1 Joseph placed his older brothers in a difficult situation to see if they would protect their youngest brother or treat him as badly as they had treated Joseph. When they protected their youngest brother, Joseph knew they had changed. +8:12 fv7u if they had changed 1 Another way to say this would be: “if they were different than they used to be.” Years ago Joseph’s brothers sold him into slavery. Joseph wanted to find out if they would now do what was right. +8:12 s28f I am your brother, Joseph! 1 This is a strong statement that Joseph was indeed their brother, even though he knew they would find it very difficut to believe that. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +8:12 fb7o Do not be afraid 1 Joseph gave this command to his brothers who were afraid because they had greatly wronged Joseph. Now, as a great ruler, he had the power to punish them. Joseph could refuse to sell them food, or could even put them in prison or kill them. Another way to say this would be: “You do not need to fear any punishment from me.” +8:12 gx2t but God used the evil for good! 1 The connecting word **but** contrasts Joseph’s brother’s desire to do evil to God’s using it for good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +8:12 z1yy God used the evil for good! 1 This is a strong statement, because it is surprising that God was able to cause good to happen from the evil thing the brothers did to Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +8:12 lypw evil for good 1 Joseph’s brothers did an evil thing when they sold Joseph as a slave and he was taken to Egypt. But God allowed this so that Joseph could save thousands of people, including his own family, from starving during the famine. This was a very good thing. +8:14 gj6m Even though Jacob was an old man, he moved to Egypt 1 Egypt was a great distance away from Canaan, and it would have been difficult for an elderly man to walk or ride a cart that far. +8:14 pezf Before Jacob died 1 Jacob died in Egypt. He did not get to return to Canaan, the land God had promised to give to him and his descendants. +8:15 i8yn The covenant promises 1 Long ago God made an agreement with Abraham and promised him that he would give him many descendants; they would possess the land of Canaan and become a great nation. God also promised that all peoples would be blessed through Abraham’s line (See: [07:10](07/10)). +8:15 o0rz were passed on to 1 Other ways to say this are: “passed down to” or “given to” or “applied to.” God’s promise to Abraham was also for Abraham’s children, grandchildren and all the rest of his descendants (See: [06:04](06/04)). +8:15 fm78 the 12 tribes of Israel 1 God had promised Abraham, Isaac and Jacob that their descendants would become a great nation. God later changed Jacob’s name to Israel. The descendants of Jacob’s 12 sons became 12 great tribes. These 12 tribes made up the ancient nation called Israel, which was named by Jacob’s new name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +8:15 hbyn 12 1 This could also be written in words: “twelve.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +8:15 z623 A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +9:intro kgmw God Calls Moses 1 This title can also be translated as: “About how God called Moses to work for him” or “How did God call Moses to work for him?” +9:1 fe1u After Joseph died 1 This begins a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +9:1 wfof his relatives 1 This refers to a social relationship—all the people who were related to him by birth or marriage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) +9:1 nqg2 They were called the Israelites 1 The people group that descended from Jacob was called ‘Israel,’ which is the name that God gave to Jacob. The people from that group were called **Israelites**. +9:2 dg1t After hundreds of years 1 This begins a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +9:2 rjza Israelites 1 ‘Israelite people’ or ‘people of Israel’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +9:2 pl6h Egyptians 1 ‘Egyptian people’ or ‘people of Egypt’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +9:2 mynm because there were so many of them 1 The connecting word **because** connects the action (the Egyptians being afraid) with the reason (there were so many Isrealites). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +9:2 i24t Pharaoh 1 **Pharaoh** is an Egyptian word that refers to their king. This Pharaoh was probably the son of a former Pharaoh who had died, who may have been a descendant of the Pharaoh that Joseph knew. +9:2 y4c0 who was ruling Egypt at that time 1 This is background information about the ruler who was Pharaoh at that time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +9:2 raal made the Israelites slaves 1 This could mean ‘forced the Israelites to do hard labor against their will and treated them very harshly.’ +9:3 a6ud made their lives miserable 1 This means that they suffered terribly because of how harshly they were treated and how hard they were forced to work. They also felt very discouraged. +9:3 itoq God blessed them 1 God took care of them, helping them endure the severe treatment and even caused them to become more numerous by giving them many children. +9:4 gh4z saw 1 Other ways to say this are: “realized” or “knew.” +9:4 r36l so he ordered his people to kill 1 The connecting word **so** connects the result (Pharaoh ordered the people to kill all the Israelite boys), with the reason. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +9:5 w9bv as long as she could 1 She hid the baby from the Egyptians until it became too difficult to keep him safely hidden in her home. +9:6 s8ei reeds 1 A **reed** is a type of tall grass that grew in flat, wet areas. Use a similar word in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +9:7 lmfg took him as her own son 1 She was a princess. When she made him her son, he became a prince of Egypt. +9:7 w8hk to nurse him 1 Another way to say this would be: “to breastfeed him.” +9:8 hmzg had grown up 1 Another way to say this would be: “had grown into a man.” +9:8 szld his fellow Israelite 1 This phrase refers to the Israelite slave. The word **fellow** here indicates that Moses was also an Israelite. Although the daughter of the Egyptian Pharaoh raised Moses, Moses remembered that he was really an Israelite. +9:10 dd4u but Moses fled from Egypt 1 The connecting word **But** contrasts Pharaoh trying to kill Moses with Moses escaping into the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +9:10 ygrl the wilderness 1 The wilderness was a large area that was rocky and dry. The land there was not good for growing food and few people lived there. +9:11 j2s7 the wilderness 1 See how you translated this in [09:10](09/10). +9:12 y6if taking care of his father-in-law’s flock of sheep 1 This means he was doing the work of a shepherd to guide the sheep to grass and water, and to protect them. It could be translated as: “tending the sheep that belonged to his father-in-law.” +9:12 dabk flock of sheep 1 A **flock of sheep** is a large group of sheep that are owned by someone. Use a similar word in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +9:12 ezhs a bush on fire, burning without being destroyed 1 God made the bush full of fire, but the fire did not damage the bush. +9:12 liep God spoke to him 1 This could be translated as: “God said out loud.” Moses heard God speak, but he did not see God. +9:12 ux6n God spoke to him and said, “Moses, take off your shoes. You are standing on holy ground.” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God told Moses to take off his shoes, because he was standing on holy ground.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +9:12 jin0 take off your shoes 1 God wanted him to take off his shoes to show that he greatly respected God. To make clear the reason for this, you could say: “take off your shoes, because you are on holy ground.” +9:12 v3po holy ground 1 It was holy in the sense that God set it apart from the ordinary land and made it to be a special place where He would reveal Himself. +9:13 d461 the suffering of my people 1 This could be translated as: “the very harsh treatment that my people are experiencing.” Some languages might translate this as: “how the Egyptians are giving my people terrible pain.” +9:13 vsrd my people 1 This refers to the Israelites. God had made a covenant with Abraham and his descendants that he would bless them and make them into a great nation. Through this covenant, the Israelites became God’s own people. +9:13 suxt so that you can bring the Israelites 1 The connecting words **so that** connect the result (Moses bringing the Israelites out of their slavery), and the reason (God has seen their suffering). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +9:13 e7kd can bring the Israelites out of their slavery in Egypt 1 This can be translated as: “can set the Israelites free from being slaves in Egypt” or “can bring the Israelites out of Egypt where they are now slaves.” +9:14 kk01 the people 1 See **my people** in [09:13](09/13). +9:14 dghi I AM WHO I AM 1 This description shows that God can only be defined by himself, not by anything else that we know of, and he cannot be compared to anyone else. +9:14 tgo6 Tell them, ‘I AM has sent me to you.’ 1 This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “Tell them that I AM has sent you to them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) +9:14 t53d I AM 1 This name emphasizes that God is the only one who has always lived and always will live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +9:14 n79m Also tell them, ‘I am Yahweh, the God of your ancestors Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.’ 1 This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “Also tell them that I am Yahweh, the God of your ancestors Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) +9:14 hjln Yahweh 1 The name **Yahweh** means ‘HE IS’ and expresses that God exists by his own power—no one created him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +9:14 mrg5 my name 1 The name that God told Moses and all of Israel to use for him is ‘Yahweh,’ which is related to ‘I AM’ and appears to mean ‘HE IS.’ +9:15 zky5 was afraid and did not want to go 1 Moses knew that Pharaoh wanted to kill him, and he did not believe that he could do what God wanted him to do. +9:15 i8s4 so God sent Moses’ brother 1 The connecting word **so** connects the result (God sent Aaron to help Moses), and the reason (Moses thought he could not speak well). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +9:15 jq53 Moses’ brother, Aaron 1 Aaron was Moses’ actual brother from his Israelite mother and father. Aaron would have been at least several years older than Moses. +9:15 sfgu A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +10:intro cl9s The Ten Plagues 1 This title can also be translated as: “About how God made the Egyptians suffer with the Ten Plagues” or “What happened when God made the Egyptians suffer from the ten plagues?” +10:1 m1ye stubborn 1 This means the Pharaoh would refuse to obey God. You may also want to add: “stubborn and refuse to listen (or obey).” +10:1 ktbv to Pharaoh 1 It may be clearer to say: “to Pharaoh’s palace to talk to him.” +10:1 mr45 This is what the God of Israel says, ‘Let my people go!’ 1 This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “The God of Israel says to let his people go!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) +10:1 lkwm the God of Israel 1 This could be translated as: “God, who chose the Israelites to be his people” or “God, who rules the people of Israel” or “the God whom the Israelites worship.” +10:1 g5h0 Let my people go! 1 Other ways to say this are: “Allow my people to go free!” or “Free my people to leave Egypt!” +10:1 tgdk my people 1 See **my people** in [09:13](09/13). +10:1 dul9 But Pharaoh did not listen 1 The connecting word **But** connects what Moses and Aaron said God told Pharaoh to do (let his people go), with what he did (he did not listen to them). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +10:1 skla listen to 1 This could be translated as: “heed” or “obey.” +10:1 r88a Instead of letting the Israelites go free 1 The connecting word **Instead** connects what Moses and Aaron told Pharaoh to do (listen to God and let his people go), with what Pharaoh did (make them work harder). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +10:1 cg8u he forced them to work even harder! 1 This is a strong statement that Pharaoh not only did not free the Israelites, he made their lives even harder! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +10:2 mrn5 the people 1 This refers to the people of Israel, also called ‘the Israelites.’ +10:2 hcp9 so God sent 1 The connecting word **so** connects the cause (Pharaoh made the Israelites work harder instead of letting them go), with the result (God sent ten terrible plagues on Egypt). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +10:2 zo3y ten terrible plagues 1 A plague is something very bad or terrible that happens to someone or something. A plague usually refers to something that affects many people or happens over a large geographic area. Another word for **plague** would be ‘disaster.’ +10:2 uilu all of Egypt’s gods 1 It may be more clear to say: “all the gods that the Egyptian people worshiped.” The people of Egypt worshiped many different false gods. Some of these false gods did not exist. Other false gods that they worshiped were actually demons. Demons are not as powerful as the God of Israel. +10:3 m27f turned the Nile River into blood 1 Some languages may need to say: “turned the water in the Nile River into blood.” There was blood in the river instead of water, so the fish died and the people had no water to drink. +10:3 o0i5 but Pharaoh still 1 The connecting word **but** contrasts God turning the river to blood with Pharoah not letting the Israelites go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +10:4 wqo8 God sent frogs all over Egypt 1 This could be translated as: “God caused many frogs to appear throughout Egypt.” +10:4 obv3 hardened his heart 1 He became stubborn again and refused to obey God. Here **hardened** is a synecdoche that refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart were hard. Alternate translation: “will cause Pharaoh to be stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +10:5 rpko God sent a plague 1 This could be translated as: “God caused there to be a plague” or “God caused a plague (of gnats) to come over the land of Egypt.” +10:5 yw1b gnats 1 These were tiny, biting insects flying in large swarms, annoying and landing on all the people and animals of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +10:5 if0k flies 1 These were much bigger flying insects that were both annoying and destructive. There were so many of these flies that they covered everything, even filling the Egyptians’ houses. +10:5 lcbs hardened his heart 1 See note in [10:04](10/04). +10:6 q50z farm animals 1 This refers to large animals that the Egyptians used to help them in their work, such as horses, donkeys, camels, cattle, sheep, and goats. +10:6 mjo5 heart was hardened 1 See note in [10:04](10/04). +10:7 le4m God hardened Pharaoh’s heart 1 God caused Pharaoh to continue to be stubborn. See also note in [10:04](10/04). +10:8 q1h7 After that 1 This refers to after God caused the painful sores to appear on the Egyptians’ skin. +10:8 ll7d God sent hail 1 God caused hail to fall from the sky. +10:8 yy9k hail 1 Hail is like chunks of ice that fall down from the clouds as rain does. These chunks can be very small or very large. The larger ones will hurt or kill whatever they fall on. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +10:8 ytf8 Pharaoh called Moses and Aaron and told them, “I have sinned. You may go.” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Pharaoh called Moses and Aaron and told them that he had sinned, and said that they could go.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +10:8 r4fz You may go 1 The word **You** refers to Moses, Aaron, and the Israelites. +10:9 k8e9 hardened his heart 1 See note in [10:04](10/04). +10:10 ke2v swarms of locusts 1 Locusts are grasshoppers that fly together in swarms, or large groups, and that can destroy large areas of all kinds of plants and food crops by eating them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +10:10 cmxs the hail 1 Hail is like chunks of ice that fall down from the clouds as rain does. +10:11 yos9 God sent darkness 1 God caused darkness to cover or spread over most of Egypt. In other words, God took away the light from this part of Egypt. +10:11 ehrv that lasted for three days 1 This darkness was darker than ordinary nighttime darkness, and it continued to be totally dark for three whole days. +10:12 o0id these nine plagues 1 This means: ‘these nine disasters that God had caused.’ +10:12 lbk7 Since Pharaoh would not listen, God planned to send one last plague. This would change Pharaoh’s mind. 1 The connecting word **Since** connects the action (God sending one last plague), with the reason (Pharaoh refused to let the Israelites go free). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +10:12 r1b3 Since Pharaoh would not listen 1 This could be translated as: “Since Pharaoh would not do what God was telling him to do” or “Since Pharaoh refused to obey God.” +10:12 g2vs This would change Pharaoh’s mind 1 Another way to say this would be: “This last plague would cause Pharaoh to change how he thought about God and, as a result, he would let the Israelites go free.” +10:12 f901 A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +11:intro ix6e The Passover 1 This title can also be translated as: “About how God made the Passover festival” or “Why did God make the Passover festival?” +11:intro n2m1 Passover 1 The term **Passover** is the name of a Jewish festival when they celebrate that God passed over their houses and did not kill their firstborn sons when he killed the Egyptians. +11:1 j2xy the firstborn males of Egypt’s people and animals 1 This could be translated as: “the eldest son in every Egyptian family and the first male offspring of any of their animals.” +11:2 el28 God provided 1 God is the only one who could provide the way to save the Israelites’ sons from death. +11:2 otx9 to save the firstborn son of anyone who believed in him 1 This can be stated in active form: “for those who believed in him to save their firstborn son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +11:2 f3fy a perfect lamb 1 This could mean ‘a young sheep or goat that had no blemishes or defects.’ +11:3 fvut unleavened bread 1 **Unleavened bread** is bread that is prepared without yeast. Yeast is mixed into bread dough to make the dough expand and rise as it bakes. This could be translated as: “made without something that would make it rise.” Making bread with yeast takes longer than without it, so unleavened bread shows that this meal was urgent and the people needed to do it quickly. +11:3 apkz be ready to leave Egypt immediately after they ate this meal 1 This means they needed to be prepared to leave before they started to eat. +11:4 fhjn every firstborn son 1 This means every firstborn son of families who had not made the blood sacrifice, that is, the Egyptians. To make this clear you may want to add: “Every Egyptian firstborn son” (since all the Israelite families had put the blood on their doorposts). +11:5 tfk3 passed over 1 This means that God passed by those houses and did not stop to kill anyone there. This phrase became the name of the Jewish festival, ‘Passover.’ +11:5 xmjk They were saved 1 God did not kill their firstborn son. +11:5 jbu8 because of the lamb’s blood 1 This could be translated as: “because the lamb’s blood was on their door.” God saw that they had killed their lamb as he had commanded, so he did not kill their son. +11:6 i4w4 did not believe God or obey his commands 1 In some languages it may be more natural or clear to say: “did not believe God and so they did not obey his commands.” +11:6 vdfi did not pass over 1 He did not pass by their houses. Rather, he stopped at each house and killed their eldest son. +11:7 njr2 from the firstborn of the prisoner in jail to the firstborn of Pharaoh 1 This is a way of saying that everyone’s firstborn son died–from the son of the least important person to the son of the most important person, and everyone in between. +11:8 o7al called for 1 This means that Pharaoh told his servants to tell Moses and Aaron to come to him. +11:8 zj7z and said 1 Pharaoh said the following words to Moses and Aaron after they came to him. In some languages this would be translated as: “and said to them,” or “After they came, Pharaoh said to them.” +11:8 rpwe and said, “Take the Israelites and leave Egypt immediately!” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “and told them to take the Israelites and leave Egypt immediately!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +11:8 wmkd Take the Israelites and leave Egypt immediately! 1 This is a command. It is stated as an exclamation because Pharaoh was finally afraid of God and urgently wanted the Israelites to leave Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +11:8 u61w Take 1 The motion is away from the speaker, Pharaoh. Moses is commanded to take the Israelites away from Pharoah and continue moving with them until they have left all of Egypt, the country where the speaker is located. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) +11:8 neax A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +12:intro hn0o The Exodus 1 This title can also be translated as: “About what happened when the Israelites left Egypt” or “What happened when God took the Israelites out of Egypt?” or “What happened when the Israelites left Egypt?” +12:intro jffg Exodus 1 The term **Exodus** means ‘leaving’ or ‘going out from.’ +12:1 eh4v They were no longer slaves 1 This could be translated as: “They were not slaves anymore.” +12:1 i7d1 were going 1 Some languages may use a more specific word like ‘traveling’ since they would be going a long distance to the Promised Land. +12:1 uisf the Promised Land 1 This is the land that God had promised that he would give to Abraham’s descendants. +12:2 j908 A tall pillar of cloud 1 This could be translated as: “A tall cloud” or “A cloud shaped like a pillar.” This was not an actual pillar such as something that supports a building. In appearance it resembled a pillar, but it was made out of clouds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +12:2 sxmt a tall pillar of fire 1 This was a column of fire that hung or floated in the air in front of the Israelites. This was not an actual pillar such as something that supports a building. It resembled a pillar in appearance, but it was made out of fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +12:2 wuie guided them 1 God showed them the way by making the pillar move along in front of them so they could follow it. +12:3 mc38 After a short time 1 Probably at least two days had gone by. For that to be clear, it may be translated as: “After a few days” or “A few days after the Israelites left Egypt.” +12:3 qfys changed their minds 1 This phrase means ‘began to think differently than they had before.’ The Egyptians did not replace their minds, but made a decision that was not the same as the one they first made. They decided the Israelites should leave, but later decided that was the wrong choice and that they should have kept the Israelites as slaves. Some languages may not have this same expression, and will express the meaning in a direct way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +12:3 sctb So they 1 The connecting word **So** connects the result (the Egyptians chased after the Israelites), with the reason (the Egyptians wanted the Israelites to be their slaves again). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +12:4 byca they were trapped between Pharaoh’s army and the Red Sea 1 Another way to say this would be: “there was nowhere they could go to escape since the Egyptians were behind them and the Red Sea was in front of them.” +12:4 mynw Why did we leave Egypt? 1 The Israelites were not asking for reasons. Because they were afraid, in this moment they were wishing they had not left Egypt (even though it had been very difficult for them there). This could be a statement: “We should not have left Egypt!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +12:4 vdux We are going to die! 1 This is a strong statement that expresses their certainty that the Egyptians would kill them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +12:5 kun4 Stop being afraid! 1 This is both a command and also an exclamation. Moses was telling the people in very strong terms that they were wrong to be afraid, rather than trusting God to protect them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +12:5 jsn3 God will fight for you today and save you 1 Another way to say this would be: “Today God will defeat the Egyptians for you and keep them from harming you.” +12:5 luus fight for you today and save you 1 Both occurrences of the pronoun **you** refers to all the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) +12:5 ji7l Then God told Moses, “Tell the people to move toward the Red Sea.” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Then God told Moses to tell the people to move toward the Red Sea.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +12:5 zlak to move 1 Some languages will be more specific and say: “to walk.” +12:6 pjsw Then the pillar of cloud moved 1 The connecting word **Then** connects God’s instructions that the Israelites are to move forward with the pillar of cloud moving behind them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) +12:6 vhdk the pillar of cloud 1 See how you translated this phrase in [12:02](12/02). +12:7 lmn7 raise his hand over the sea 1 This could be translated as: “held out his hand over the sea.” This was a gesture to show that God was doing this miracle through Moses. +12:7 n6dm Then God caused 1 The connecting word **Then** connects Moses’ action of obedience in raising his hand over the sea with the result (God caused the wind to blow). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +12:7 ird5 so that 1 The connecting words **so that** connect the wind blowing with the effect (the path through the sea for the Israelites). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +12:8 yw11 marched 1 This can be translated as: “walked” or “went.” +12:8 xym7 with a wall of water on either side of them 1 This could be translated as: “and the water on both sides of them stood up tall and straight like a wall.” +12:10 gyv6 So they followed the Israelites 1 The connecting word **So** connects the result (the Egyptians followed the Israelites in to the sea), with the cause (God removed the cloud). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +12:10 zo9a the path through the sea 1 This was the dry strip of land across the bottom of the sea, with a wall of water on each side. +12:10 o20u but God 1 The connecting word **but** contrasts the movement of the Israelites God caused by opening the path, with the lack of movement of the Egyptians God caused with their panic and chariots becoming stuck. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +12:10 rafk to panic 1 This could be translated as: “to get fearful and confused.” +12:10 pw6i to get stuck 1 The chariots could no longer move. +12:10 ah2v Run away! 1 This is both a command and also an exclamation. The Egyptians were so afraid when they realized that they were in great danger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +12:10 mvvq God is fighting for the Israelites! 1 This exclamation emphasizes the fear of the Egyptians when they realized that God had led them into a trap in the sea, and they were going to drown. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +12:11 j5l4 to stretch out his hand again 1 This could be translated as: “lift his hand over the sea again” or, as a direct command, as in, “God told Moses, ‘Stretch out your hand again.’” +12:11 n1a2 Then God 1 The connecting word **Then** connects the action (the Israelites arriving safely on the other side of the Sea) with God’s instructions to Moses to close the path through the sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) +12:11 hnpc returned to its normal place 1 This could be translated as: “covered the place again where the path had been,” or “filled the whole sea again” or “went back to where it was before God separated it.” +12:11 px10 The whole Egyptian army 1 This could be translated as: “everyone in Egypt’s army.” +12:12 jab0 When the Israelites saw 1 The connecting word **When** connects the cause (God’s destruction of the Egyptian army), with the effect (the Israelites trusted God). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +12:12 asgu trusted in God 1 In other words, the people now trusted that God was powerful and could protect them. +12:13 zjt4 rejoiced very much 1 This could be translated as: “were very happy and they showed it enthusiastically” or “showed it with their whole hearts” or “with all their strength.” +12:13 bc1p because God had saved them 1 The connecting word **because** connects the result (the Israelites rejoiced), with the cause (God saved them). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +12:13 ax91 free to worship 1 God freed, or rescued, the Israelites from being slaves in Egypt so that they could serve him. +12:13 rlci to praise God 1 In some languages this could be translated as: “to lift up God’s name” or “to say that God is great.” +12:14 w3oh in order to 1 The connecting words **in order to** indicate the goal or purpose of the festival (to remind the Israelites and their descendants of how God had delivered them). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]]) +12:14 wihq remember how God had defeated 1 This could be translated as: “regularly remind themselves of how God defeated.” The word **remember** here doesn’t just mean to not forget; it also means to formally commemorate something. +12:14 v3is the Passover 1 This could be translated as: “the Passover activities” or “the Passover celebration” or “the Passover meal.” +12:14 m616 healthy lamb 1 This here refers to a lamb with no disease or anything else wrong with it. Another way to say this might be “a completely healthy and well-formed lamb.” +12:14 ki4x with bread made without yeast 1 Another way to say this is: “unleavened bread.” See how you translated this in [11:03](11/03). +12:14 odlr A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +13:intro ert4 God’s Covenant with Israel 1 This title can also be translated as: “About how God made a covenant with Israel” or “How did God make a covenant with Israel?” +13:1 iybc After God led the Israelites through the Red Sea 1 This begins a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +13:1 a8to This was the same mountain where Moses had seen the burning bush 1 This is background information about the mountain to which the Israelites traveled. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +13:1 zfrq burning bush 1 Before Moses returned to Egypt, God had spoken to him from a shrub that was on fire, but that was not burned up by the fire (See: [09:12](09/12)). +13:1 jb92 set up their tents 1 The Israelites had to travel a great distance from Egypt to the Promised Land. So they took tents with them so that they could set them up as shelters and sleep in them along the way. Some languages could translate this as: “hung their tents.” +13:1 jmap the base of the mountain 1 This could be translated as: “bottom of the mountain.” This refers to the area of land that is located next to the place where the ground starts to slant upward to form a mountain. +13:2 yrv5 You must always obey me and keep the covenant I am making with you. 1 This is a direct command from God to all of the Israelites. +13:2 hvue keep the covenant I am making with you 1 This could be translated as: “do what my covenant requires you to do.” Obeying and keeping the covenant are not two different things. One way to make this clear would be to say: “obey me by keeping the covenant I am making with you.” God will soon tell them what his covenant requires. +13:2 b66u If you do this 1 The connecting word **If** introduces a conditional statement. The blessings are dependent on the Israelites obeying the commandments God had given. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]]) +13:2 jsrq my prized possession 1 This could be translated as: “You will be my possession that I value most” or “You will be the people that I treasure more than any other group of people” or “You will be my own precious people.” +13:2 xuqd a kingdom of priests 1 God speaks of his people as if they were priests. Alternate translation: “a kingdom of people who are like priests” or “a kingdom of people who do what priests do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +13:2 ww03 a kingdom of priests, and a holy nation 1 This could be translated as: “I will be your king and you will be like priests.” The Israelites were supposed to teach the other nations about God and be a mediator between God and the nations just as there were priests in the nation of Israel to go between God and the Israelites. +13:3 obnj For three days 1 In other words, three days after they arrived at Mount Sinai and God first spoke to them. +13:3 i4ug made themselves ready for God to come near to them 1 This refers to ceremonial cleansing in preparation to meet with God. This could be translated as: “got ready to meet with God” or “prepared themselves to meet with God.” +13:3 xu03 sounds of loud trumpets 1 This could be translated as: “loud sounds came from horns” or “horns were blown and they made loud sounds” or “they heard the loud sounds of horns blowing.” These trumpets were not blown by men, but by God or by his angels. +13:3 rmpv Moses went by himself 1 This could be translated as: “God permitted Moses to go up, but he did not permit anyone else to go.” +13:4 if2z Then God made a covenant with the people. He said, 1 What God says next is the content of the covenant, that is, he tells the people the things that they must obey. This could be translated as: “Then God made this covenant with them:” +13:4 e4fh Yahweh, your God 1 In some languages it might be more natural to change the order and say “your God Yahweh.” Make sure it does not sound like the Israelites had more than one God. It should be clear that Yahweh is the only God. Another way to translate this would be: “Yahweh, who is your God” or “your God, whose name is Yahweh.” +13:4 c0db who saved you from being slaves 1 This could be translated as: “I freed you from slavery.” +13:4 dz33 Do not worship any other god. 1 This is a command from God to all of the Israelites. +13:5 mci2 Connecting Statement 1 God continues speaking to Moses. +13:5 ry1g Do not make idols 1 This is a command from God to all of the Israelites. +13:5 zvma do not worship them 1 This is a command from God to all of the Israelites. +13:5 np01 because 1 The connecting word **because** indicates the reason the Israelites were not to make idols or worship them (unlike other deities who did not care if people worshiped many other gods too, Yahweh was jealous of their worship). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +13:5 uf02 Do not use my name in a disrespectful way 1 This is a command from God to all of the Israelites. This could be translated as: “Do not talk about me in a way that does not show respect and honor” or “Talk about me in a way that gives me proper respect and honor.” +13:5 iuqs Be sure to keep the Sabbath day holy 1 This is a command from God to all of the Israelites. +13:5 ceo6 do all your work in six days 1 This is a command from God to all of the Israelites. +13:5 v9b3 the seventh day 1 To translate this, it is best to use the number (**seventh**) rather than give the name of a specific day of the week. +13:5 seuv to remember me 1 This could be translated as: “to keep me in mind” or “to honor me.” +13:6 pp86 Connecting Statement 1 God continues speaking to Moses. +13:6 pv0z Honor your father and your mother 1 This is a command from God to all of the Israelites. +13:6 c4m7 Do not murder 1 This is a command from God to all of the Israelites. +13:6 qmay Do not commit adultery 1 This is a command from God to all of the Israelites. This could be translated as: “Do not have sexual relations with someone else’s spouse” or “Do not have marital relations with another man’s wife or another woman’s husband.” Be sure to translate this in a way that doesn’t offend or embarrass people. Languages often have an indirect, polite way of saying this, such as: “Do not sleep with.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +13:6 eiz2 Do not lie 1 This means: ‘Do not say false things about other people.’ +13:7 fpdl had given them 1 This could be translated as: “had told them to obey.” +13:7 ejjt to belong to God alone 1 From among all the nations, God had chosen the Israelites for his special purpose. This could be translated as: “to be his special nation” or “to be his own people” or “to be the nation he chose to be his people.” +13:8 wubz make a large tent 1 This is background information about the tent the Israelites were to make as a place to worship God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +13:8 vkes the room behind the curtain 1 This room was hidden by the curtain. Some languages would call this room ‘the room in front of the curtain.’ +13:8 coi6 where God was 1 If this phrase would lead people to think that God was limited to living in the tent, it could be translated as: “where God revealed Himself to humans.” +13:9 bptn God’s law 1 This refers to all the commandments and instructions that God had told the Israelites to obey. +13:9 v4ah would cover that person’s sin 1 When people brought animals to sacrifice, God chose to see the blood of the animals as a covering over their sin. This is like hiding something that is ugly or dirty by covering it. +13:9 vgns clean in God’s sight 1 This could be translated as: “as if he did not have the sin according to God” or “free of the punishment for breaking God’s law.” +13:10 xsg2 these Ten Commandments 1 This refers to the commands God gave to Moses for the Israelites to obey. They are listed in frames [13:05](13/05) and [13:06](13/06). +13:10 a2xv two stone tablets 1 A tablet was a flat piece of stone or other hard material used in ancient times for writing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +13:10 cou4 God also gave 1 This can be translated as: “God also told them.” +13:10 bf4z to follow 1 This can be translated as: “that they must obey” or “that they must keep.” +13:10 uy7r if they obeyed 1 The connecting word **if** indicates a hypothetical conditional relationship. God’s blessing depends on the Israelites obeying the laws. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]]) +13:10 mkjf But he said he would punish 1 The connecting word **But** contrasts how God would bless the Israelites if they obeyed him with how he would punish them if they did not obey him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +13:10 uwhq if they did not obey 1 The connecting word **if** indicates a hypothetical conditional relationship. God would punish the Israelites if they did not obey the laws. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]]) +13:11 tert the people became tired of waiting 1 This could be translated as: “the people became impatient because he did not return quickly” or “the people didn’t want to wait any longer for him to return.” +13:11 cgqk the people 1 This does not mean all the Israelite people, just the people who had grown tired of waiting for Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +13:11 bnm8 brought gold 1 These were objects and jewelry made of gold, which could be melted and formed into other things. +13:11 b9mq they sinned terribly against God 1 They sinned in a way that was especially offensive to God. This could be translated as: “they sinned badly,” or “they did something that was very bad” or “they did something bad that made God very angry.” +13:12 dquq made a golden idol 1 Aaron took the things made of gold that the people had brought to him, melted them, combined them, and formed them into the shape of a calf. +13:12 py5e The people began to wildly worship the idol and make sacrifices to it! 1 This is a strong statement that expresses how shocking it was that the people would worship this idol when they had seen what God had done for them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +13:12 thxj to wildly worship 1 The people were sinning by worshiping the idol and also by doing sinful things as they worshiped it. +13:12 yd5w because 1 God had just told the Israelites that they were only to worship him because he was a jealous God, and if they did not obey they would be punished. For these reasons, God was very angry with the Israelites because of their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +13:12 gfqn listened to his prayer 1 God always hears prayer. In this situation, **listened** means that God agreed to do what Moses asked. +13:13 lj11 smashed the tablets 1 He threw the stone tablets down on the ground and they broke up into little pieces. +13:14 jlsz burned the idol and ground it into powder 1 Moses utterly destroyed the idol by pounding it into fine particles. +13:14 r3hq a plague 1 This plague may have been a serious illness. Alternate translation: “Yahweh made the people very sick.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +13:15 h67o Moses made 1 Moses carved the stone tablets with tools such as a hammer and chisel. +13:15 h917 listened to 1 See how you translated this phrase in [13:12](13/12). +13:15 zjne A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +14:intro qn7a Wandering in the Wilderness 1 This title can also be translated as: “About what happened when the Israelites went about in the wilderness” or “What happened when the Israelites wandered in the wilderness?” +14:intro tnyi Wilderness 1 This refers to a dry, remote place where very few people live. +14:1 p1zr General Information 1 This frame is background information that summarizes the previous two stories in preparation for a shift in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +14:1 xl25 the pillar of cloud 1 See how you translated this phrase in [12:02](12/02). +14:2 y1f3 God had promised Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob that he would give the Promised Land to their descendants 1 This is background information that summarizes the stories of Genesis in preparation for a shift in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +14:2 a0zf Canaanites 1 This frame explains who the Canaanites were and God’s relationship with them in preparation for the introduction of a new major character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) +14:3 hg62 you must get rid of all the Canaanites there 1 This is a polite way to say that they were to kill or drive out all the Canaanites out of the Promised Land. This could be translated as: “must get all the Canaanites out of the land” or “must remove from the land all of the Canaanites who are living there.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +14:3 u6l3 Do not make peace with them 1 This could be translated as: “Do not live peacefully among or alongside them” or “Do not promise to live peacefully with them.” +14:3 ywyg do not marry them 1 God did not want any Israelite person to marry any Canaanite person. +14:3 q5mk If you do not obey me 1 The connecting word **If** introduces a hypothetical conditional relationship. If the Israelites do not obey God by driving out the Canaanites, in time they will also disobey God by worshiping the idols of the Canaanites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]]) +14:3 j0yn you will end up worshiping their idols 1 If the Israelites became friends with the Canaanites and did not destroy the idols, they would be tempted to worship those idols instead of God. +14:4 gkuu border 1 a line separating two countries, a boundary (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +14:4 uojz tribe of Israel 1 This refers to the descendants of each of the sons of Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +14:4 ak5v go and spy 1 The Israelites were to go from where they were camped to the land of Canaan and spy in the land of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) +14:4 bss2 spy on the land 1 This could be translated as: “secretly get information about the land” or “secretly learn about the land.” Part of the spies’ task was to find out what kinds of food the land could produce. +14:4 ixeg to spy on the Canaanites 1 This could be translated as: “secretly get information about the people of Canaan” or “secretly learn about the Canaanites.” +14:4 fgv8 to see if they were strong or weak 1 They wanted to know if the Canaanites were prepared to fight against them. This could be translated as: “to find out how powerful the Canaanite armies were.” +14:5 ua3f they came back 1 They returned to where the rest of the Israelites were waiting, just outside the border of Canaan. This can be clearly stated: “they returned to the camp of the Israelites.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +14:5 xvj2 They told the people, “The land is very fertile and the crops are plentiful!” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “They told the people that the land was very fertile and the crops were plentiful!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +14:5 umby The land is very fertile and the crops are plentiful! 1 This is a strong statement that emphasizes that the land was extremely good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +14:5 k32y The cities are very strong and the people are giants! 1 This is a strong statement that emphasizes that the inhabitants of the land were extremely large and powerful soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +14:5 tv15 The cities are very strong 1 The cities had strong walls around them, so it would be very difficult for the Israelites to attack them. +14:5 rlup the people are giants 1 This was not simply referring to unusually tall people, but a particular race of people that were far larger than even the tallest normal people. This could be translated as: “the people are like giants compared to us!” or “the people are much taller and stronger than we are!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +14:5 ru0f If we attack them, they will certainly defeat us and kill us! 1 This is a strong statement that emphasizes that the Israelites were certain the Canaanites would defeat them in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +14:6 ib6e It is true that the people of Canaan are tall and strong, but we can certainly defeat them! God will fight for us! 1 This is a strong statement that even though the people of Canaan were large, God was even bigger and would enable the Israelites to defeat them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +14:6 orc1 the people of Canaan 1 This could be translated as: “the people who live in Canaan” or “the Canaanites.” +14:6 yxhb but we can certainly 1 The connecting word **but** indicates that there was an exceptional reason why the Canaanites would be defeated rather than the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]]) +14:6 q0sn we can certainly defeat them! God will fight for us! 1 To show the connection between these two statements, it may be necessary to say: “we can certainly defeat them because God will fight for us!” +14:6 w45r God will fight for us! 1 This could be translated as: “God will fight alongside us and help us defeat them!” This makes it clear that the Israelites would also be fighting against the Canaanites. +14:7 wm82 But the people did not listen 1 The connecting word **But** indicates that in contrast to Joshua and Caleb’s reasoning, the people refused to listen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +14:7 qt7a Why did you bring us to this horrible place? 1 The people were not expecting an answer from Moses or from God. Alternate translation: “You should not have brought us to this horrible place.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +14:7 avmp this horrible place 1 They considered Canaan to be **horrible** because they thought it was so dangerous that they would all be killed. +14:8 jrj6 He came to 1 God did not appear as a person, but came in some other form that showed his glory and power. +14:8 cb9i so all of you 1 The connecting word **so** connects the action or reason with the consequence. The people rebelled against God, and for this reason or as a result, they would have to wander in the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +14:8 ky89 to wander in the wilderness 1 God would lead the people around in the wilderness with no specific destination until all of the adults who rebelled against him died. +14:9 g79h When the people heard God say this 1 The connecting word **When** connects the action or reason with the result. As a result of hearing God’s judgment, the people became sorry they had sinned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +14:9 g1i6 they had sinned 1 It may be necessary to add: “they had sinned by disobeying God’s command to conquer the peoples of Canaan.” +14:9 h6lh So they decided 1 The connecting word **So** connects the action or reason with the result. As a result of being sorry they had sinned, the people of Israel attacked the people of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +14:9 axz0 Moses warned them not to go 1 This means that Moses told them not to go to fight against the Canaanites because they would be in danger if they did that. +14:9 bagl because God would not go with them 1 The connecting word **because** connects the action (Moses warning them) with the reason (God not going with them). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +14:9 hwo6 God would not go with them 1 In other words, God would not be with them to help them. Because of the Israelites’ disobedience, God withdrew from them his presence, protection, and power. +14:9 zzmc but they did not listen to him 1 They did not obey Moses. They went to attack the Canaanites anyway. The connecting word **but** indicates an exception relationship. The Israelites decided to attack the Canaanites even though Moses had warned them not to do that. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]]) +14:10 npq8 God did not go with them into this battle 1 In other words, God did not help them in this fight. +14:10 g445 so the Canaanites defeated them and killed many of them 1 The connecting word **so** connects the reason (God did not go with them into this battle), with two results (the Canaanites defeated them, and the Canaanites killed many of them). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +14:10 a870 turned back from Canaan 1 They left Canaan and went back into the wilderness where they were before. +14:10 qy9q wander through the wilderness 1 They lived in the wilderness, and together they moved from place to place in that large, dry land, looking for food and water for themselves and their animals. +14:11 lbt2 God provided for them 1 This could be translated as: “God gave them everything they needed for food, water, and shelter.” +14:11 dlk0 bread from heaven, called manna 1 Overnight, this thin, bread-like food fell onto the grass like dew from the sky. They called it **manna**. Almost every day the people gathered this manna and cooked it as their food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +14:11 ovbc He also sent flocks of quail (which are medium-sized birds) 1 Another way to say this would be: “He also caused a large number of quails to fly into their camp.” If quails are unknown, a different, similar type bird could be used. Or it could be translated as: “a large number of medium-sized birds.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +14:11 b61h their camp 1 The place where the Israelites set up their tents to sleep in was called a **camp**. It was like a city with tents instead of buildings, and it could be moved around. +14:12 b0d5 To provide them with water to drink, God miraculously made it come out of a rock. 1 This could be translated as: “By doing something that only God can do, he made water pour out of a rock so the people and animals could drink.” +14:12 zquf But despite all this 1 This could be translated as: “But even though God provided food, water, clothing, and everything that they needed.” The connecting word **But** contrasts God’s many gifts that have been listed with Israel’s complaining against God and his servant Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +14:12 d5eb Even so 1 This could be translated as: “Even though the Israelites complained and grumbled against him.” The connecting words **Even so** contrast Israel’s complaining with God’s faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +14:12 b2e4 God was still faithful. He did what he promised that he would do for the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob 1 This could be translated as: “God continued to do what he had told Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob he would do. He provided their descendants with what they needed so that they could live and become a great nation and eventually own the land of Canaan.” +14:13 ydhc Another time when the people did not have any water 1 From the previous story, it transitions to another story about when the people did not have water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +14:13 qb4u God told Moses, “Speak to the rock, and water will come out of it.” 1 This is an imperative and a direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God told Moses to speak to the rock, and water will come out of it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +14:13 afhw Instead 1 The connecting word **Instead** emphasizes the exceptional relationship. Moses disobeyed by hitting the rock even through God himself commanded him to speak to it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]]) +14:13 jg91 he dishonored God 1 This could be translated as: “Moses disobeyed God” or “Moses disrespected God.” God had a specific way He wanted Moses to show the people God’s power to provide for them. When Moses disobeyed God by doing it in a different way, he showed a lack of respect for God. +14:13 a9rz Because you did this 1 The connecting words **Because you did this** connect the reason (Moses’ disobedience) with the result (God not allowing him to enter the Promise Land). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +14:14 vkxj After the Israelites had wandered in the wilderness for 40 years 1 This begins a new event. It transitions from the time of wandering, God’s judgment on Israel, to what lies ahead for their descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +14:14 etuc who had rebelled against God 1 This could be translated as: “who had refused to obey God when he told them to go into the Promised Land.” +14:14 mpsn the people 1 **The people** refers to the children of the generation that died. +14:14 tvs8 so God chose 1 The connecting word **so** connects the reason (Moses’ old age) with the result (God choosing someone else to lead Israel). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +14:14 ijha one day 1 This means: ‘some time in the future.’ +14:14 pk61 another prophet like Moses 1 Like Moses, this man would be an Israelite, he would speak God’s words to the people, and he would lead the people. +14:15 jb6u but God did not permit him to enter 1 The connecting word **but** introduces the fact that Moses was able to see the Promised Land even though God did not allow him to enter it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]]) +14:15 tuac mourned for 30 days 1 For 30 days all the people of Israel cried and showed that they were very sad that Moses had died. +14:15 cgae because he trusted and obeyed God. 1 The connecting word **because** connects Joshua’s trust in and obedience to God with the result (he was a good leader). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +14:15 w0ir A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +15:intro rrve The Promised Land 1 This title can also be translated as: “About how God gave the Promised Land to the Israelites” or “How did God give the Promised Land to the Israelites?” +15:intro d2ww Promised Land 1 This refers to the land of Canaan that God promised to give to Abraham and his descendants. +15:1 rsb9 At last it was time for the Israelites to enter Canaan 1 This begins a new event. The Israelites were about to enter into the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +15:1 l3q2 At last it was time for 1 ‘At last’ means ‘finally’ or ‘after a long wait.’ To make it clear what **time** refers to, you could say: “after they had wandered in the desert for 40 years, God finally permitted…” +15:1 dpsy In that land was a city called Jericho. It had strong walls around it to protect it. Joshua sent two spies to that city. In that city lived a prostitute named Rahab. 1 This is background information about the city of Jericho which Israel would attack, and Rahab who would help them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +15:1 tkhg two spies to that city 1 This could be translated as: “two men to that city to find out information about it.” Also see the notes for “spy out the land” in [14:04](14/04). +15:1 o0x3 had strong walls around it to protect it 1 This could be translated as: “was completely surrounded by thick, strong walls made of stone to protect the city from enemies.” +15:1 ypm2 to escape 1 It is also possible to add: “escape from people in Jericho who wanted to harm them.” +15:1 sq6y her family 1 Rahab asked for protection for her father, mother, brothers, and sisters. Use your word for family that includes these people. +15:2 pwi1 God told Joshua, “Have the priests go first.” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God told Joshua to have the priests go first.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +15:2 h3k7 Have the priests go first 1 For some languages, it may be helpful to add: “Have the priests go before the rest of the people to cross the river.” +15:2 tydx the water upstream stopped flowing 1 In some languages, it may be helpful to add: “and the water in front of them flowed away downstream.” +15:2 lhmh upstream 1 This word refers to the direction from which the Jordan River water flows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +15:2 iefh cross over 1 This means to pass from one side to another (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +15:3 ye4z After the people crossed the Jordan River 1 The connecting word **After** introduces sequential action. The Israelites obeyed God by passing from one side of the Jordan to the other. Once that was completed, God gave another task for them to do. In some languages, it is better to say: “The people crossed the Jordan River and then…” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) +15:3 h945 even though it was very strong 1 The connecting words **even though** represent a factual condition. The city of Jericho was indeed very strong, so attacking of the city would seem to be an unwise choice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact]]) +15:3 pffa once a day for six days 1 That is, they went around the city one time every day for a total of six days. +15:3 oxy7 So the priests and the soldiers did this 1 The connecting word **So** connects the result (the priests and soldiers marching), with the reason (God’s command). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +15:4 d7d3 Then the priests must blow their trumpets 1 The connecting word **Then** introduces sequential action. The priests were to blow their trumpets after the Israelites had finished marching around the city seven times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) +15:4 n5k7 must blow their trumpets 1 This could be translated as: “must sound their trumpets” or “must play their trumpets.” These trumpets were made out of ram’s horns. +15:5 atto Then the walls around Jericho fell down! 1 This is a strong statement. It emphasizes how surprising it was that the strong walls fell down when the Israelites blew the trumpets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +15:5 jbyy Then the walls around Jericho fell down 1 The implication is that God caused the walls to fall. The walls were thick enough to drive chariots upon. People lived inside them. These were not flimsy walls. In order for them to fall, an act of God would have to happen. This could be stated in active form: “Then God caused the walls of Jericho to fall down!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +15:5 khie Then the walls 1 The connecting word **Then** introduces a sequential clause. The Israelites followed all of God’s commands, and then this event happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) +15:5 prkg who became part of the Israelites 1 This can be translated as: “who then joined the Israelite community” or “who then became members of the nation of Israel.” +15:6 fgcp a peace treaty 1 This is an agreement between two groups of people that they will not harm each other but will live in peace and help each other. This could be translated as: “peace agreement.” +15:6 rixn But one of the Canaanite people groups, called the Gibeonites 1 Some languages may introduce this as: “But one day a Canaanite people group by the name of the Gibeonites…” +15:6 hw80 But one of the Canaanite people groups 1 The connecting word **But** contrasts God’s command that the Israelites not make any treaties with the people of Canaan with the reason Joshua made an agreement with Gibeonites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +15:6 cd4o lied to Joshua and said 1 This could be translated as: “They lied to Joshua by saying” or “They falsely said to Joshua” or “They falsely told Joshua.” +15:6 bmdj Instead 1 The connecting word **Instead** contrasts what Joshua should have done (ask God what they should do), with what he did do (out of ignorance make the treaty God had forbidden). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +15:7 dz7t found out 1 This verbal phrase means ‘discovered.’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +15:7 trka But they kept the peace treaty 1 The connecting word **But** contrasts the Gibeonites’ deception of the Israelites with the Israelites keeping their promise to the Gibeonites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +15:7 hkqu Then, some time later 1 This begins a new event. This event happened after the treaty was made but is indirectly a result of it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +15:7 a29e so they combined their armies 1 The connecting word **so** connects the result (the Amorites attacking Gibeon), with the reason (Gibeon’s treaty with Israel). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +15:7 l9u4 sent a message to Joshua asking for help 1 This could be translated as: “sent some of their people to tell Joshua that they needed the Israelites to help defend them against their enemies.” +15:8 s4vz to reach the Gibeonites 1 This could mean ‘to get to the Gibeonites’ or ‘to arrive at where the Gibeonites lived.’ The Gibeonites lived in Canaan, but Canaan is big enough that it took all night for the Israelite army to travel from their camp to where the Gibeonites were. +15:8 iddb they surprised the Amorite armies 1 The Amorites did not know that the Israelites were coming to attack them. +15:9 bu7c God fought for Israel 1 God fought on the side of Israel against Israel’s enemies. +15:9 wkxc caused the Amorites to be confused 1 This could be translated as: “made the Amorites panic” or “caused the Amorites to be unable to fight together well.” +15:9 ebuv large hailstones 1 This could be translated as: “very large balls of ice to come down from the sky.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +15:11 jq6v After God defeated those armies 1 The connecting word **After** introduces sequential action. God defeated one large army made up of many smaller armies. Then another large army, also made up of many smaller armies, came against Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) +15:11 sq00 attacked and destroyed them 1 This could be translated as: “fought against them and defeated them.” +15:12 yo6s God gave each tribe of Israel its own section of the Promised Land 1 This could be translated as: “God appointed each tribe its own plot of land” or “God decided which part of the Promised Land each tribe of Israel would live on.” +15:12 yi9g Then God gave Israel peace 1 The connecting word **Then** introduces a sequential clause. The fighting of the battles and the dividing of the Promised Land were completed, and then God gave Israel peace along its borders. OR Fighting the battles and dividing the Promised Land were completed. Then God gave Israel peace along its borders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) +15:12 cijq gave Israel peace along all its borders 1 This could be translated as: “God allowed the Israelites to experience peace with the other people groups that surrounded them” or “God allowed the Israelites to experience peace with the other countries around Israel.” +15:13 f0zt When Joshua was an old man 1 This begins a new event. The story transitions from Joshua’s leadership of Israel to what is to happen to them next. It may be clearer to say: “Many years later, when Joshua was an old man.” Joshua was over 100 years old at this time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +15:13 dmqs to be faithful to God 1 In other words, they would be loyal to God. They would worship and serve only God; they would not worship or serve any other gods. +15:13 ykg4 obey his laws 1 This means that the people would obey the laws that God had already given them as part of the covenant. +15:13 equq A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +16:intro ggh6 The Deliverers 1 This title can also be translated as: “About how God rescued the Israelites from their enemies” or “Why did God need to rescue the Israelites from their enemies?” +16:intro yyuj Deliverers 1 This refers to the judges, or warriors, who God send to help the Israelites defeat their enemies and deliver them from their troubles. +16:1 k8aq After Joshua died 1 This begins a new event. In the previous story, Joshua reminded the Israelites of their promise to obey God. This story transitions to what the Israelites actually did after Joshua died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +16:1 r27w and they did not drive out 1 This tells how they disobeyed God, so in some languages it may be better to start this as a new sentence: “They did not…” +16:1 viss drive out the rest of the Canaanites from the Promised Land 1 This can be translated as: “fight with the rest of the Canaanites to force them to leave the Promised Land.” +16:1 h458 the true God 1 This could mean ‘the only real God.’ Yahweh is the only one that people should worship. +16:1 mog2 so everyone did what they thought 1 The connecting word **so** connects the reason (Israel had no king), with the result (everyone did what they thought was right rather than what God said). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +16:1 i8xl what they thought was right for themselves 1 This means that they all did whatever they wanted to do, including many evil things. +16:2 c7s8 Then after Israel’s enemies oppressed them 1 The connecting word **Then** connects the reason (Israel’s enemies would oppress them), with the result (Israel would repent and ask God to rescue them). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +16:2 m5fy ask God to rescue them 1 That is, they asked God to help them and to set them free from their enemies. +16:3 upu1 by providing 1 This could be translated as: “by choosing” or “by appointing.” +16:3 yglp there would be peace 1 This could be translated as: “the people could live without fear” or “ their enemies stopped attacking them.” +16:3 kyxs the land 1 That refers to Canaan, the Promised Land that God had given to Abraham. +16:4 wx59 crops 1 This refers to edible plants that the Israelites were growing in their gardens or fields. +16:4 uxgm were so scared, they hid 1 This could be translated as: “were very afraid of the Midianites, so they hid.” +16:4 tc78 Finally 1 This begins a new event. Signals a shift from the Midianites’ oppression and Israel’s suffering to Israel’s repentance and God’s deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +16:4 xfwg they cried out 1 This might be translated as: “they called out” or “they prayed desperately.” +16:4 dxje to save them 1 This might be translated as: “to set them free” or “to rescue them from these enemies.” +16:5 tpnd One day 1 This phrase introduces an event that happened in the past, but does not state the specific time. Many languages have a similar way to begin telling a true story. +16:5 bkp7 threshing grain 1 The grain was wheat, which has a head of many small grains, or seeds, on the top of a thin stalk. **Threshing** is separating the seeds of the plant from the stalks by beating the heads of grain. The seeds are food, but the stalks are not. +16:5 f45s God is with you 1 This means: ‘God is present with you in a special way’ or ‘God has plans to use you in a special way.’ +16:6 dlsa to tear down 1 This means: ‘to violently bring down’ or ‘to take down and destroy.’ +16:6 qka1 But Gideon was afraid of the people 1 The connecting word **But** contrasts God’s command (tear down the altar), with the reason for Gideon’s delayed obedience (he was afraid). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +16:6 sf5w afraid of the people 1 Gideon was afraid that his fellow Israelites who worshiped the same idol would be angry with him. +16:6 d3fy so he waited until nighttime 1 The connecting word **so** connects the reason (Gideon was afraid of the people), with the result (he waited until nighttime to obey). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +16:6 g6ug waited until nighttime 1 Another way to say this would be: “waited until after dark.” Gideon smashed the altar at night, when everyone was asleep so that no one would see him do it. +16:7 fvu2 Gideon’s father said, “Why are you trying to help your god? If he is a god, let him protect himself!” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Gideon’s father asked why they were trying to help their god. If he is a god, he should be able to protect himself!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +16:7 jtcz Why are you trying to help your god? 1 This is not a real question that asks for information. Another way of saying this would be: “You should not be trying to help your god” or “You should not need to help your god.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +16:7 gewf If he is a god, let him protect himself 1 This is a strong statement that if the idol were truly a god, he would be able to protect himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +16:7 kxuy Because he said this 1 The connecting word **Because** connects the reason (Gideon’s father’s defense), with the result (the people did not kill Gideon). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +16:8 va8k Then the Midianites came again 1 The connecting word **Then** indicates sequential action. God called Gideon, and then the Midianites returned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) +16:8 bx5d came again to steal from the Israelites 1 This could be translated as: “came again to the Israelites’ land to steal things from them.” +16:8 x8zj they could not be counted 1 This could be translated as: “The number of the Midianites was too great to count” or “it would be very difficult to count all of the Midianites.” +16:8 fzx1 for two signs 1 This could be translated as: “to do two miracles” or “to make two impossible things happen.” +16:8 ihv3 to save Israel 1 This could be translated as: “to rescue Israel from the Midianites.” +16:9 vp3y sign 1 This could be translated as: “miracle” or “impossible thing.” +16:9 a4bm sheepskin 1 This is the skin of a sheep that has all of the wool on it. Wool is a very thick and curly hair that would hold a lot of water. Translate this so that it is clear that this skin is covered with thick, soft hair. +16:9 ftah let the morning dew fall 1 This can be translated as: “make the morning dew appear” or “make the morning dew come up.” **Dew** refers to the drops of water that that form on cool surfaces at night. Dew naturally covers everything equally. +16:9 e74l God did that 1 This could be translated as: “God did what Gideon asked him to do.” +16:9 b1kr Because of these two signs 1 The connecting word **Because** connects the reason (the two signs), with the result (Gideon believed God wanted to deliver Israel through him). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +16:10 h1hw Then Gideon called for soldiers to come to him, and 32,000 men came. 1 Some languages might need to say why he called the soldiers: “When Gideon called the Israelites to come fight against the Midianites, 32,000 soldiers came to him” (See: [16:08](16/08)). +16:10 jvez 32,000 1 This could also be written in words: “thirty-two thousand men.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +16:10 di49 But God told him 1 The connecting word **But** contrasts the number of men who came to fight compared with God’s view of the number he wanted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +16:10 t3qy 22,000 1 This could also be written in words: “twenty-two thousand.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +16:10 qa90 too many men 1 This was more soldiers than God wanted for this fight. If that many solders fought and won, they would think that they won the battle with their own strength, and they would not know that God did it. +16:10 i7xj So Gideon sent home 22,000 men 1 The connecting word **So** connects the reason (God told Gideon there were too many men), with the result (Gideon sent home 22,000 men). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +16:10 do6b except for 300 soldiers 1 This sentence could be translated as: “So Gideon allowed only 300 men to stay, and the rest of the men went home.” +16:10 r96l 300 1 This could also be written in words: “three hundred.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +16:11 r6d4 God told Gideon, “Go down to the Midianite camp and listen to them talk. When you hear what they say, you will no longer be afraid to attack them.” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God told Gideon to go down to the Midianite camp and listen to them talk. When he would hear what they would say, he would no longer be afraid to attack them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +16:11 vp2n Go down to the Midianite camp and listen to them talk. 1 God gives Gideon a command that includes instruction on what he is to do. +16:11 uuvt Go down 1 The Midianite soldiers were camping out in a valley and were at a lower elevation than the Israelite soldiers. +16:11 j8gr you will no longer be afraid 1 This could mean ‘you will stop being afraid.’ +16:11 txuw something he had dreamed 1 This could mean ‘something he had seen in a dream’ or ‘a dream he had had.’ +16:11 gkx0 This dream means that Gideon’s army will defeat us, the Midianite army! 1 This is a strong statement by the enemy soldier that Gideon would defeat them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +16:11 trtl When Gideon heard this 1 The connecting word **When** connects the action or reason with the result. Gideon worshiped God as a result of hearing the interpretation of the soldier’s dream. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +16:12 nvmr Then Gideon returned to his soldiers 1 The connecting word **Then** introduces a sequential clause that connects Gideon hearing the dream and worshiping God with him rallying the 300 Israelites to fight the Midianites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) +16:12 f5go horn 1 This could be translated as: “trumpet” or “ram’s horn trumpet.” These horns came from rams, or male sheep, and were often used to call men for battle. +16:12 fy8n a burning torch 1 This was probably a piece of wood wrapped with cloth and soaked in oil so that it could burn well. (This was not the modern torch that runs on batteries.) +16:12 qxyc so the Midianites could not see 1 The connecting word **so** connects the reason (the torches were in the pots), with the result (the Midianites could not see the light of the torches). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +16:13 yt64 Then, all of Gideon’s soldiers broke their pots 1 The connecting word **Then** introduces a sequential clause. Gideon’s men surrounding the Midianite camp, and then they broke their pots at the same moment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) +16:13 cp1b shouted 1 This could be translated as: “yelled loudly” or “said with a very loud voice.” +16:13 w5fd A sword 1 A sword is a weapon that has a long sharp blade and a handle at one end. People hold the handle and hit or stab the enemy with the sharp blade. If your people don’t have a weapon just like this, you could translate it as: “A long knife” or “A machete” or “A bush knife.” +16:13 qluc sword 1 Here **sword** is a metonym that refers to their fighting. Alternate translation: “We fight for Yahweh and for Gideon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +16:13 cbiv A sword for Yahweh and for Gideon! 1 This is a strong statement that Gideon was depending on Yahweh, and not the sword, for his victory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +16:14 i7z9 God confused the Midianites 1 God caused the Midianites to be confused. They wanted to attack the Israelites, but instead, they attacked each other. +16:14 ems9 so that they started attacking and killing each other 1 The connecting word **so** connects the reason (God confused the Midianites), with the result (they started attacking and killing each other). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +16:14 qxj4 many other Israelites 1 This could be translated as: “many other Israelite men.” This refers to the soldiers previously sent home in [16:10](16/10). +16:14 z6z9 120,000 1 This could also be written in words: “one hundred and twenty thousand.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +16:15 c9sb did not allow them to do this 1 Gideon knew that it was better for the Israelites to have God as their king. +16:15 nafs but he asked them 1 This phrase starts with **but** because what he did next was not wise. +16:16 d2vw Gideon used the gold to make a special garment 1 This could be translated as: “Gideon melted down the gold objects the people had given him and formed a special garment out of that gold.” +16:16 u2pj But the people started worshiping it 1 The connecting word **But** contrasts God’s deliverance of Israel from the Midianites with them worshiping the gold garment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +16:16 aze6 So God punished Israel again 1 The connecting word **So** connects the reason (Israel started worshiping the garment as an idol), with the result (God punished them again). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +16:18 oqhh Finally 1 The connecting word **Finally** indicates a shift from the time of deliverers sent by God to the time when Israel asked God for a king. This could be translated as: “After their enemies attacked them many times” or “After many years of being attacked by many different nations…” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) +16:18 hfec asked God for a king 1 This could be translated as: “demanded that God give them a king” or “kept asking God for a king.” +16:18 w0qh like all the other nations had 1 Other nations had a king. Israel wanted to be like them and have a king too. +16:18 bhyq God did not like this request 1 This could be translated as: “God did not agree with what they had asked him for.” God knew that they were rejecting him as their ruler and were choosing to follow a human leader instead. +16:18 xttq but he gave them a king 1 The connecting word **But** contrasts God not liking the request with him giving Israel a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +16:18 vzin A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +17:intro my4m God’s Covenant with David 1 This title can also be translated as: “About when God made a covenant with David” or “What covenant did God make with David?” +17:1 kfa1 Saul was the first king of Israel 1 This introduces Saul as a new character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) +17:1 jy9t the first king of Israel 1 This could be translated as: the “first king to rule over Israel.” +17:1 ar7h He was tall and handsome, just like the people wanted 1 This is background information about Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +17:1 ge7c one day 1 This could be translated as: “some time in the future” or “years later.” +17:1 po51 be king in his place 1 This is an idiom that means ‘replace him as king.’ Other ways to say this are: “take his place as king over Israel” or “rule as king instead of him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +17:2 vuu7 God chose a young Israelite named David 1 This introduces David as a new character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) +17:2 nfs3 David was a shepherd from the town of Bethlehem. 1 This is background information about David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +17:2 p7gj father’s sheep 1 This refers to ownership. The sheep belonged to the father of David. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) +17:2 v9j3 watching 1 This could mean ‘caring for’ or ‘protecting’ or ‘taking care of.’ +17:3 memd a giant named Goliath 1 The word **giant** here describes a person who is unusually tall and powerful. Goliath was a huge soldier in an army that was fighting against Israel. +17:3 p21v about three meters tall! 1 This is a strong statement that Goliath was extremely tall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +17:3 cwpo After that 1 The connecting words **After that** indicate the sequence of events. The first enemy of Israel that David defeated was Goliath, but after defeating Goliath, David went on to defeat many other enemies of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) +17:4 fy1i Finally 1 The people praised David very much so King Saul became jealous. Now the story transitions to Saul not only feeling jealous but acting on that jealousy. **Finally** connects the reason for Saul’s jealousy (the people loved David) with the result of Saul’s jealousy (Saul wanted to kill David). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]]) +17:4 y6fq One day 1 The story transitions from explaining the general story (of Saul wanting to kill David) to a specific story (about Saul trying to kill David). This event happened in the past, but does not state the specific time. Many languages have a similar way to begin telling a true story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +17:4 n6of In this way 1 The connecting words **In this way** connect the reason (Saul saw that David had a piece of his clothing) with the result (Saul knew David would not kill him and try to become king). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +17:4 ckny to become king 1 David would not dishonor God by killing the man that God placed as king over Israel. +17:5 vuzk Some time later 1 The story transitions from Saul being king to David becoming king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +17:5 ex76 made him successful 1 This could mean ‘helped him accomplish the good things he wanted to do.’ +17:5 fs4i and God helped him defeat 1 The connecting word **and** is acting as more than a simple conjunction. It indicates that God’s blessing on David included his military efforts. David won many battles not because he was a great soldier, though he was, but because God helped him defeat Israel’s enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]]) +17:5 hl0w his capital city 1 This could mean ‘the capital city of his kingdom.’ David lived in Jerusalem and ruled from there. The entire city does not belong to David, but because David is the supreme government leader and because David captured Jerusalem and made it the capital, it is often described as his. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) +17:5 rqas capital city 1 It was the center of government for the country of Israel and it had the primary status above all the other cities in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +17:6 o77k to build a temple 1 David wanted to construct a permanent building for worshiping God that would replace the portable Tent of Meeting. +17:6 fltw 400 1 This could also be written in words: “four hundred.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +17:7 cubl But there was a prophet named Nathan 1 The connecting word **But** contrasts David’s desire to build a temple for God with God sending a prophet to David with a message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +17:7 hz7o so you will not build 1 The connecting word **so** connects the reason (David had fought in many wars), with the result (God did not want David to be the one to build a temple). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +17:7 x9ox this Temple 1 This could mean ‘this building for worship’ or ‘this place of worship.’ +17:7 snvu But still 1 The connecting words **But still** contrast God saying David could not build a temple with God’s promise to bless David. If God had not said this, David might have thought God was angry with him for some reason or he had done something wrong and that was why God would not allow him to do this act of worship. This contrast relationship shows that there was nothing wrong between David and God. God showed His love for David through His promise to David that the Messiah would be his descendant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +17:7 bqch One of your descendants will rule as king over my people forever! 1 This is a surprising statement because people do not live forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +17:7 laqv God’s Chosen One 1 This could be represented by a verbal phrase: “the One God chose.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) +17:7 w753 from their sin 1 This could mean ‘from the terrible consequences of their sin.’ +17:8 tgo1 When David heard Nathan’s message 1 The connecting word **When** connects the reason (Nathan’s message), with the result (David thanked and praised God). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +17:8 pixs Nathan’s message 1 This could also be translated “the message Nathan gave.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) +17:8 gq65 Of course 1 The connecting words **Of course** indicate that David did not know when God would do these things, since God did not tell him when they would happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]]) +17:8 vruw 1,000 1 This could also be written in words: “one thousand.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +17:9 rpxi However, in his later years 1 The connecting word **However** contrasts David obeying God for many years with David sinning against God in his later years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +17:9 vdmz in his later years 1 This may be translated as: “when David was older” or “later on in David’s life.” +17:9 slnf sinned greatly 1 This could mean ‘sinned in a very evil way.’ David’s sin was especially evil. +17:10 lscq One day, David 1 We have many stories of David obeying God. Now a new story of when David sinned is being introduced. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +17:10 hc7r One day 1 This phrase introduces an event that happened in the past, but does not state the specific time. Many languages have a similar way to begin telling a true story. +17:10 b30l saw 1 Bathsheba may have been bathing at her own house, but David’s palace was very high and he was able to see over walls that were lower. +17:10 crk1 a beautiful woman & her name was Bathsheba 1 This introduces Bathsheba as a new character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) +17:10 phqs bathing 1 This may be translated as: “taking a bath” or “washing herself.” +17:10 qnia but he found out 1 The connecting word **but** contrasts David not knowing the woman with his finding out who she was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +17:11 t947 Instead of looking away 1 The connecting word **Instead** contrasts what David should have done (look away), with what David did (sent someone to bring her to him). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +17:11 ru1b He slept with her 1 In order to be polite, a euphemism is used to say David had sexual intercourse with Bathsheba. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +17:12 huax Bathsheba’s husband was a man named Uriah 1 This introduces Bathsheba s husband, Uriah, as a new character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) +17:12 kdsj He was one of David’s best soldiers. He was away fighting in a war at this time. 1 This is background information about who Uriah was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +17:12 gzq6 go be with his wife 1 This could mean ‘go home to be intimate with his wife.’ David wanted people, especially Uriah, to believe that Bathsheba was pregnant with Uriah’s child. +17:12 wmri So David sent Uriah 1 The connecting word **so** connects the reason (Uriah refused to sleep with his wife), with the result (David sent him into great danger). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +17:12 zw46 where the enemy was strongest 1 This refers to the location in the battle where the most fighting was going on. +17:12 rqyy so that he would be killed 1 The connecting words **so that** connect the reason (David wanted Uriah killed), with the result (David told the general to put Uriah where the enemy was strongest and abandon him there). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +17:13 jk0f After Uriah died 1 The connecting word **After** introduces a sequential clause. Uriah died, and then David married Bathsheba. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) +17:13 yrem what David had done 1 This refers to David’s adultery with Bathsheba and his murder of her husband, Uriah. +17:13 mp5h so he sent 1 The connecting word **so** connects the reason (God was very angry with David), with the result (God sent a prophet to tell David that he had done an evil thing). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +17:14 x924 But David’s baby boy died 1 The connecting word **But** contrasts David’s repentance and God’s forgiveness with God’s punishment of David and Bathsheba’s baby dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +17:14 cg0f some members of his own family rebelled against him 1 This fighting was very serious. Among other things, one of his sons murdered another son and tried to take David’s place as king while David was still reigning. If possible, use a word that conveys the intensity of this conflict within the family. +17:14 ibo1 But God was faithful 1 The connecting word **But** contrasts David’s sin and unfaithfulness with God’s faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +17:14 n5e9 Later 1 This introduces the birth of a second son who did not die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +17:14 tcp9 A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +18:intro w07p The Divided Kingdom 1 This title can also be translated as: “About what happened when the Israelites divided against each other” or “What happened when the Israelites divided against each other?” +18:intro k6n9 Divided Kingdom 1 This refer to when the twelve tribes of Israel divided into the northern kingdom of Israel and the southern kingdom of Judah after the death of Solomon. +18:1 l3v4 King David ruled for 40 years 1 This is background information about what happened while David was king, before he died and his son Solomon became king after him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +18:1 bvzo Then he died 1 This begins the transition from David’s reign as king to Solomon’s reign. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +18:1 hpx6 so he made Solomon the wisest man in the world 1 The connecting word **so** connects the reason (God was pleased with Solomon asking him to make him wise), and the result (God made him the wisest man in the world). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +18:2 tevg was present in the Temple 1 This could mean ‘was present in the Temple in a special way.’ Even though God was also present everywhere else at the same time, he made himself especially available to the people at the Temple. +18:2 grts with his people 1 This could be translated as: “in the midst of his people” or “among his people.” +18:3 dgd9 But Solomon loved women from other countries 1 The connecting word **But** contrasts Solomon building the Temple, God’s dwelling place, with Solomon loving women from other religions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +18:3 aue2 1,000 1 This could also be written in words: “one thousand.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +18:3 ck13 brought their gods with them 1 They brought their idols and their methods of worshiping idols with them to Israel. +18:3 d2vo When Solomon was old 1 The connecting word **When** introduces a background clause that indicates Solomon became old at the beginning of the time when he worshiped foreign gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]]) +18:4 xgq7 because of this 1 The connecting words **because of this** connect the reason (Solomon worshiped other gods), with the result (God was angry with him and said he would divide the kingdom). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +18:5 uy6x After Solomon died 1 The connecting word **After** introduces a sequential clause that indicates Solomon died and then Rehoboam became king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) +18:5 pn4i to accept him as their king 1 This could mean ‘tell him that they were glad he was king and that they would do what he said.’ +18:5 ucnw their king 1 This refers to a social relationship. Their king is the man who rules the country where they live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) +18:6 xrxl But Rehoboam answered them in a very foolish way 1 The connecting word **But** contrasts the people’s request for a wise and gracious response with Rehoboam’s unwise and harsh response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +18:6 mwns answered them in a very foolish way 1 Rehoboam’s answer was harsh, and caused the people to turn against him. +18:6 jpyg He said, “You say that my father, Solomon, made you work hard. But I will make you work harder than he did, and I will make you suffer worse than he did.” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “He told them that his father Solomon made them work hard, but that he would make them work harder than his father did, and would make them suffer worse than he did.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +18:6 u5l7 you 1 Here **you** is plural, referring not just to the people present, but all the people in the nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +18:7 ixa2 tribes 1 The descendants of each of Jacob’s 12 sons had become a **tribe** or very large family group in the nation of Israel. Everyone in Israel belonged to one of the 12 tribes. +18:7 ob95 rebelled against him 1 This could mean ‘refused to follow Rehoboam as their king.’ It might help to start this sentence with ‘So’ or ‘Because of that’ or ‘Because of what Rehoboam said.’ +18:7 jphn remained with him 1 This could mean ‘stayed loyal to him’ or ‘continued to support him as king.’ +18:7 w286 the kingdom of Judah 1 This is not possession, but it gives the name of the kingdom. It could be translated as: “the Judah kingdom.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) +18:8 heze the kingdom of Israel 1 This is not possession, but it gives the name of the kingdom. It could be translated as: “the Israel kingdom.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) +18:9 qaf4 caused the people to sin 1 This could be translated as: “led the people to sin” or “motivated the people to sin.” Rehoboam led the people into sin by making idols for them to worship. +18:10 vblf Judah and Israel 1 The people of Judah and Israel were all descendants of Jacob and part of God’s people. Even so, they disobeyed God and fought and killed each other. +18:12 a2yx When they did this 1 The connecting word **When** introduces a background clause which indicates that at the same time the people of the kingdom of Israel started worshiping idols, they also started sleeping with prostitutes and sacrificing children to idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]]) +18:13 b8d1 ruled justly 1 This means they ruled according to God’s laws. This can be translated as: “when they ruled, they did what was right.” +18:13 g4z8 But most of Judah’s kings were evil 1 The connecting word **But** contrasts the few godly kings with the most kings of Judah who were evil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +18:13 xn3l A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +19:intro h2lx The Prophets 1 This title can also be translated as: “About the work the prophets did for God” or “How did the prophets work for God?” +19:1 p8kp God was always sending prophets to the Israelites 1 This introduces the prophets of God as new characters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) +19:1 r2a0 Israelites 1 Here, this could be translated as: “the kingdoms of Israel and Judah.” All of the descendants of Jacob, including those in the kingdom of Judah, continued to be called **Israelites**. +19:1 hxqy The prophets heard messages from God and then told them to the people. 1 This is background information about what the prophets did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +19:2 fs5w So Elijah told King Ahab that God was going to punish the people 1 The connecting word **So** connects the reason (Ahab tried to make the people worship Baal), with the result (God was going to punish the people). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +19:2 imbp He said to him, “There will be no rain or dew in the kingdom of Israel until I say it will rain again.” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “He told him that there would be no rain or dew in the kingdom of Israel until he said it would rain again.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +19:2 q5ng until I say it will rain again 1 This may be translated as: “until I command the rain and dew to come again.” +19:2 qd3b This made Ahab so angry 1 This could be translated as: “When Ahab heard what Elijah said, he became so angry.” +19:3 pl8j the wilderness 1 This was a remote location with very few people. This may also be translated as: “desert” or “the bush.” +19:3 zwv3 During this time 1 The connecting words **During this time** introduce a simultaneous clause. At the same time as Elijah was hiding in the wilderness, Ahab and his army were looking for him but could not find him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]]) +19:4 ayvw another country close by 1 This refers to a country that was beside, or shared a border with, Israel. +19:4 h7uf because there was no harvest 1 The connecting word **because** connects the reason (there was no harvest), with the result (they had almost run out of food). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +19:4 se5e But still 1 The connecting words **But still** introduce a contrast relationship. You would expect the widow to refuse to help Elijah because she was almost out of food, but she did the unexpected and took care of him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +19:4 s6nx took care of 1 This means they gave him a place to stay in their house and provided food for him. It does not mean he was sick. +19:4 v3h7 God provided for her and her son. Her jar of flour and her bottle of oil never became empty 1 This could be translated as: “God prevented their flour jar and their bottle of oil from becoming empty” or “God caused their flour jar and their bottle of oil to never become empty.” +19:4 vabd jar of flour 1 This refers to a clay jar in which the widow kept her supply of flour. +19:4 c7bn bottle of oil 1 In Israel, olive oil is used for cooking. This could be translated as: “bottle of cooking oil.” The widow used the flour and the oil for making bread. +19:5 w9fv There you are, you troublemaker! 1 This is a strong statement that expresses that Ahab was very angry with Elijah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +19:5 vkl6 you troublemaker 1 This means: ‘You are a troublemaker!’ Ahab was accusing Elijah of causing trouble by telling the king that he was doing wrong and also by stopping the rain. +19:5 cjtb It is you who are the troublemaker! 1 This is a strong statement that Elijah uses to rebuke Ahab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +19:5 xh9f You have abandoned Yahweh 1 That is, Ahab had led Israel to stop worshiping and obeying Yahweh. +19:5 uecw Now you must bring all the people of the kingdom of Israel to Mount Carmel. 1 This is a command that Elijah gave to Ahab by his authority as a prophet of God. +19:5 hu1f all the people of the kingdom of Israel 1 This is a generalization to refer to the leaders and people who represent the ten tribes of the northern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +19:5 aa74 Mount Carmel 1 Mount Carmel is the name of a mountain located in northern Israel. It is over 500 meters high. +19:6 zl2g all the people of Israel 1 Not every person in the land of Israel came to Mount Carmel. This is a generalization to refer to the leaders and people who represent the ten tribes of the northern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +19:6 rccm Mount Carmel 1 See how you translated this in [19:05](19/05). +19:6 lpef Baal’s prophets 1 This refers to the prophets that served the god Baal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) +19:6 bowd 450 1 This could also be written in words: “four hundred and fifty.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +19:6 n0bh How long will you keep changing your mind? 1 This is not a real question asking for information. Elijah was rebuking the Israelites for repeatedly changing their minds about whether they would serve Yahweh or Baal. Some languages will have to express this as a statement such as “Stop changing your minds about whom you will worship!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +19:6 x0jw If Yahweh is God, worship him! But if Baal is God, worship him! 1 This is a strong statement that the people should decide once for all who they would worship. This does not mean that Elijah was undecided. He knew that Yahweh is the real God. He wanted the people to understand that when they worship false gods, they are rejecting Yahweh as the only true God. Translate this in a way that shows that the people had to make a choice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +19:7 qk1m Kill a bull, divide the meat into pieces, and put it on an altar for a sacrifice, but do not light the fire. 1 Elijah commanded exactly how the prophets of Baal should prepare their sacrifice in order to test and see if Baal was a real god. +19:7 ddm4 if God sends fire on the altar 1 The connecting word **If** indicates a hypothetical conditional relationship. If God sends fire, then it proves that he is real. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]]) +19:7 jxxx the real God 1 This means the one and only true God. +19:7 l8vj So the prophets of Baal prepared a sacrifice but did not light the fire. 1 The connecting word **So** connects the result (the prophets of Baal made the sacrifice but didn’t light a fire), with the reason (Elijah told them to do it that way). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +19:8 byvw prayed to Baal 1 The prophets of Baal asked Baal to send fire onto the bull they prepared as a sacrifice. +19:8 x2f0 Hear us, Baal! 1 This is a both a command and a strong plea for Baal to answer their request and to send fire on the sacrifice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +19:8 atou shouted 1 They yelled or called out loudly to Baal. +19:8 m04k cut themselves with knives 1 They injured themselves with knives as an extreme way to show their devotion to Baal, hoping that this would persuade him to listen to them. +19:8 cvkt but Baal did not answer, and he did not send any fire. 1 The connecting word **but** contrasts Baal’s not answering or sending fire with the prophets praying, shouting, and cutting themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +19:9 rlbp After that 1 The connecting words **After that** introduce a sequential clause. Elijah prepared the sacrifice, and then had people pour 12 pots of water over it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) +19:10 ca3u show us 1 This could mean ‘prove to us’ or ‘demonstrate to us.’ +19:10 e72y I am your servant 1 This could be translated as: “You have given me authority to serve you and do these things.” +19:10 wusi Answer me 1 This could mean ‘respond to my prayer’ or ‘send the fire that I have asked you for.’ +19:10 juto these people will know 1 This may be translated as: “these people will see and understand.” +19:11 pfpl Immediately 1 The connecting word **Immediately** emphasizes that the fire fell from the sky as soon as Elijah prayed. In contrast, the prayers of the prophets of Baal were still not answered after hours of praying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) +19:11 ii47 fell from the sky 1 This may be translated as: “suddenly came down from the sky.” +19:11 al9y Yahweh is God! Yahweh is God! 1 This statement is repeated to emphasize that it is indeed true! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +19:11 omhk Yahweh is God 1 This expression means that they understood that Yahweh is the only God, not just one god among others. +19:12 kxg3 Then Elijah said, “Do not let any of the prophets of Baal escape!” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Then Elijah told them not to let any of the prophets of Baal escape!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +19:12 v2cp Do not let any of the prophets of Baal escape! 1 This is a both a command and also a strong statement to emphasize that the people must seize every one of the prophets of Baal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +19:12 lfde escape 1 The prophets of Baal tried to run away after their god was proven to be a false god. +19:12 z8kg captured 1 This could mean ‘seized and held onto’ or ‘took hold of.’ +19:13 bula Then Elijah said to King Ahab, “Return immediately to your home, because the rain is coming.” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Then Elijah told King Ahab to return immediately to his home, because the rain was coming.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +19:13 pbh8 Then Elijah said to King Ahab 1 The connecting word **Then** introduces a sequential clause. The prophets of Baal were killed, and then Elijah warned Ahab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) +19:13 xcfk Return immediately to your home 1 Elijah is giving a command to King Ahab on his authority as a prophet of God. +19:13 zuj5 the sky became black 1 This could mean ‘the sky became very dark.’ Heavy rainclouds covered the sky, making it look dark grey or black. +19:13 vo35 the drought 1 This could mean ‘the long dry time with no rain.’ +19:14 vsfn When Elijah finished his work, God chose a man named Elisha to be his prophet 1 This sentence introduces Elisha as a new character in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) +19:14 y83z the commander of an enemy army 1 Naaman was a commander in the army of one of the countries that was Israel’s enemy. +19:14 lfgm but he had a bad skin disease 1 The connecting word **but** contrasts Naaman’s prestigious position of army commander, with his having this terrible disease. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +19:14 ipim Naaman heard about Elisha 1 This means that people had told Naaman that Elisha was able to perform miracles. Here Elisha is used to represent the miracles that God gave Elisha the power to perform. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +19:14 fmyu he went to Elisha and asked him 1 This could mean ‘he went to see Elisha and asked him.’ Naaman had to go into Israel to find Elisha and ask him to do this. +19:15 pq80 He refused to do this because it seemed foolish 1 Naaman would not do what Elisha said because he knew that washing alone could not heal his disease. +19:15 f441 because it seemed foolish 1 The connecting word **because** connects the reason for his anger (it seemed foolish), with the result (Naaman refused to obey). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +19:15 h7pn he changed his mind 1 This could mean ‘he decided to do what Elisha had told him to do.’ +19:15 zpzc When he came up from the water the last time 1 The connecting clause **When he came up from the water the last time** introduces a sequential clause. Naaman dipped himself seven times, and then God healed him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) +19:16 mzwy If the people did not do this 1 The connecting word **If** introduces a hypothetical condition. The result depended on Israel’s response to the warning of the prophets. God said that, if they did not stop doing evil, he would punish them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]]) +19:17 xwz8 Once, they put the prophet Jeremiah into a dry well 1 This begins a new event about Jeremiah being held captive in a well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +19:17 b9c7 a dry well 1 The well did not currently have any water in it, but it did still have mud in the bottom. This could be translated as: “an empty well.” +19:17 gzop But then the king had mercy on him 1 The connecting word **But** contrasts the people putting Jeremiah in the well to die, and the king having mercy on him and ordering him brought out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +19:17 ua8i had mercy on him 1 This means he was kind to Jeremiah and helped him. +19:18 hzyk continued to speak for God 1 This could mean ‘continued to tell the people what God wanted to tell them.’ +19:18 eccd even though the people hated them 1 The connecting words **even though** contrast the prophets speaking for God with the people hating them for their obedience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +19:18 qu4o A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +20:intro vtep The Exile and Return 1 This title can also be translated as: “About how the Israelites went away as prisoners and how they returned” or “How did God send the Israelites away as prisoners and bring them back again?” +20:intro rh9r The Exile 1 The word **exile** means someone is removed from they country by force. The **Exile** is the term for this 70-year period when the Israelites were forced to live in Babylon. +20:intro olfh Return 1 This refers to when the Jews returned to the land of Israel after being captives in Babylon for 70 years. +20:1 jxf1 broke the covenant 1 This could mean ‘disobeyed the commands God had given them in his covenant with them at Mount Sinai.’ +20:1 j9q3 warn them to repent and worship him again 1 Another way to translate this would be: “tell them to stop sinning and to worship Yahweh instead of other gods, or terrible things would happen to them.” +20:1 mhr0 but they refused to obey 1 The connecting word **but** contrasts the people refusing to obey God, with God send them prophets to warn them to repent and worship him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +20:2 nntv both kingdoms 1 This refers to both the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. +20:2 nl44 Assyria was another nation that became very powerful 1 This introduces the Assyrians, from the nation of Assyria, as new characters in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) +20:2 wbj0 took away 1 This could mean ‘stole.’ They stole these valuable things and carried them back to Assyria. +20:3 x410 the people who could make valuable things 1 This refers to people who were good at woodworking, metalworking, and building. +20:3 puw3 remained 1 This could mean ‘stayed’ or ‘were left behind’ or ‘were allowed to stay behind.’ +20:4 o215 foreigners 1 This refers to people who were not Israelites. +20:5 s2f8 for not believing and obeying him 1 Another way to translate this would be: “because they did not believe or obey him.” +20:5 p2d7 But they still worshiped idols, 1 The connecting word **But** contrasts the people continuing to worship idols despite seeing Israel’s punishment when they refused to obey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +20:5 eglw warn them 1 This could mean ‘tell them to stop sinning or terrible things would happen to them.’ +20:5 t31j but they refused to listen 1 The connecting word **but** contrasts the people refusing to listen, with God sending prophets to warn them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +20:5 onsb they refused to listen 1 This could mean ‘they refused to obey’ or ‘they refused to stop their evil behavior.’ +20:6 kh3o 100 1 This could also be written in words: “one hundred.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +20:6 avli God sent Nebuchadnezzar, king of the Babylonians 1 This introduces the Babylonians and their king, Nebuchadnezzar, as new characters in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) +20:6 bkng agreed to be 1 The king of Judah was forced to either serve the Babylonian king or be destroyed. +20:6 hy62 to be Nebuchadnezzar’s servant 1 This could be translated as: “to govern Judah under Nebuchadnezzar’s command.” +20:7 rkea So, the Babylonians came back and attacked 1 The connecting word **So** connects the result (the Babylonians came back and attacked), with the reason (the king of Judah rebelled). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +20:7 lweo came back 1 This may also be translated as: “returned” or “came to Judah again.” +20:7 wtuh captured the city 1 This could mean ‘took control of the city and the people there.’ +20:7 pnku took away 1 They carried the treasures with them back to Babylon. +20:8 sj1v To punish 1 Nebuchadnezzar punished the king of Judah by telling his soldiers to do these things. +20:8 ygxy in front of him 1 This may be translated as: “where he could see,” or “so that he could see it,” or “before his eyes.” +20:8 rv6w made him blind 1 This may also be translated as: “destroyed his eyes.” +20:8 o25b After that, they took the king away 1 The connecting words **After that** introduce a sequential clause. They killed the king’s sons and blinded him in Judah, and then took him to a prison in Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) +20:9 t5wb leaving only the poorest people behind 1 This could mean ‘leaving only the poorest people in Judah’ or ‘letting only the poorest people stay in Judah.’ +20:9 xmnh This period of time 1 To translate this, choose a phrase that can refer to a long time, since this exile period lasted 70 years. +20:9 tn7v the Exile 1 The word **exile** means someone is removed from they country by force. The **Exile** is the term for this 70-year period when the Israelites were forced to live in Babylon. +20:10 a17t Even though God punished his people for their sin 1 The connecting words **Even though** contrast God sending the people into exile with him not forgetting his promises to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +20:10 r9p0 exile 1 See how you translated this term in [20:09](20/09). +20:10 ezsy did not forget 1 This could be translated as: “did not ignore” or “did not neglect.” Or the whole phrase could be translated as: “continued to honor his commitment to his people and his promises.” +20:10 zyqj watch over 1 This could mean ‘take care of.’ +20:10 f41y speak to them through his prophets 1 This could be translated as: “tell his prophets messages that he wanted them to tell his people.” +20:11 tb68 About 70 years later 1 This begins a new event when Cyrus allowed the Jews to return to Israel from exile in Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +20:11 o5ij 70 years later 1 This refers to the 70 years that had passed since the Babylonian army took the people of Jerusalem into exile. +20:11 klot Cyrus 1 Cyrus was also called ‘Cyrus the Great.’ The name **Cyrus** meant ‘like the sun’ in the Persian language. However, since Cyrus was an important historical person, it might be best to transliterate his name rather than translating the meaning. +20:11 dixb the Persian Empire 1 The Persian Empire grew to cover the area from central Asia to Egypt. It was located in the region of what is Iran today. +20:11 g3t9 The Israelites were now called Jews 1 This could also be translated as: “People now called the Israelites by the name ‘Jews.’” +20:11 m63v the land of Judah 1 That is, the area where the kingdom of Judah was located before the Exile. Jerusalem was the capital city of Judah. +20:12 yqkm Cyrus 1 See how you translated his name in [20:11](20/11). +20:12 gdx1 Judah 1 See the note about Judah in [20:11](20/11). +20:12 pojs go back to Judah 1 Since most of these Jews were the children and grandchildren of those who left Judah, they had never lived in Judah before. In some languages, it might be better to say “to go to Judah.” +20:12 k3ph He even gave them money to rebuild the Temple! 1 This sentence emphasizes the surprising fact that King Cyrus of the Persians would give the Jews money to rebuild their Temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +20:12 owcj 70 years 1 This could also be written in words: “seventy years.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +20:12 yam4 exile 1 See how you translated this term in [20:09](20/09). +20:12 htn6 returned 1 This could mean ‘went back.’ Some languages may prefer to say, ‘went’ since most of these people had never been to Jerusalem. +20:13 n1bj the people 1 That is, the Israelites, the descendants of Jacob, who were now called the Jews. +20:13 s3jv the wall 1 This wall was very thick (2.5 meters) and was built to protect the city from attackers. +20:13 frnq once again 1 In some languages this might need to be translated as: “now” or “as their ancestors had done” or “just as before the Exile.” +20:13 ke28 worshiping at the Temple 1 They worshiped Yahweh, the One True God, at the Temple they rebuilt. +20:13 zmmt A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +21:intro s4tj God Promises the Messiah 1 This title can also be translated as: “About how God promised to send the Messiah” or “What happened when God promised to send the Messiah?” +21:1 q5dl Even when God created the world 1 The connecting words **Even when** contrast God creating a perfect world without sin, with his preexisting plan to send a Messiah to save people from sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +21:1 t759 crush the snake’s head 1 Unless the head of a venomous snake is crushed, the snake can still hurt someone. Use a word for **crush** that communicates that its head is destroyed. +21:1 f9j1 Satan appeared as a snake in order to deceive Eve 1 Satan spoke to Eve in the form of a snake. This does not mean that he is a snake now. This could be translated as: “The snake who deceived Eve was an appearance of Satan.” +21:1 kh71 to deceive Eve 1 This could mean ‘to lie to Eve.’ The snake lied by making Eve doubt what God had said and tricking her into disobeying God. +21:2 pumh through him 1 This could mean ‘because of one of his descendants.’ +21:3 ru7l prophet like Moses 1 To be like Moses, the future prophet would need to have great authority from God to lead and rescue his people. +21:4 xv87 his own descendants 1 Another way to say this would be: “a direct descendant of David himself.” +21:5 suxy would not be like 1 The New Covenant would be truly effective. People really would know God, they would truly live as his people, and He would forgive their sins completely, based on the Messiah’s sacrifice of himself one time for all who believe in him. +21:5 tmfl this would be like writing his law on their hearts 1 Yahweh’s law will become a part of them, rather than merely being written on stone. Here **heart** represents ‘emotions’ or ‘mind.’ Alternate translation: “My law will be part of their thoughts and emotions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +21:5 ck0y writing his law on their hearts 1 This is a metaphor meaning: ‘help his people to understand his laws and to earnestly desire to obey them.’ If possible, keep the image of writing on their hearts, since this is in contrast with the way God had written his law on stone tablets for the Israelites. If that is not possible, you could just translate the meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +21:5 hol5 be his people 1 This could be translated as: “be his special people” or “be his favored people.” +21:6 a13l the perfect prophet 1 The Messiah would be a prophet who would be perfect in obedience to God, giving every word God would speak to the people. He would present God perfectly to the people, helping them to know and understand God. +21:7 bxyi However 1 The connecting word **However** contrasts the Israelite priests’ performance, with the Messiah’s performance as priest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +21:7 uctb the perfect high priest 1 Unlike the other high priests, the Messiah would never sin, and he would permanently take away all the sins of the people. +21:7 b6ra offer himself 1 This could mean ‘allow himself to be killed.’ +21:7 jfl1 a perfect sacrifice 1 This could mean ‘a sacrifice that has no fault or imperfection.’ +21:8 heud But the Messiah 1 The connecting word **But** contrasts the kingdom and performance of other kings, with the Messiah’s kingdom and performance as king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +21:8 wncq the whole world 1 This could also be translated as: “everyone everywhere.” +21:9 bwh7 Malachi 1 Malachi was the last prophet in the Old Testament. +21:9 tb2p the Messiah would be born of a virgin 1 Another way to say this would be: “a virgin would give birth to the Messiah.” +21:9 oewm virgin 1 Some ancient versions and some contemporary versions translate: “the virgin will conceive,” while others translate: “the young woman will conceive.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +21:9 wrj6 Micah 1 Micah was an Old Testament prophet of God who, like Isaiah, spoke his messages from God almost 800 years before the Messiah came. +21:10 c6lg set prisoners free 1 This could mean ‘set free those who have unjustly been put into prison.’ This could also refer to setting people free from the bondage of sin. +21:10 yzcz could not hear, see, speak, or walk 1 It may be better to say: “could not hear, could not see, could not speak, or could not walk.” Some languages have special words for these conditions, such as ‘deaf’ and ‘blind.’ +21:11 edju Zechariah 1 Zechariah was an Old Testament prophet who spoke to God’s people after they returned to the Promised Land from the Exile in Babylon. This was about 500 years before the Messiah came. +21:11 y6t9 30 silver coins 1 At the time, each of these coins was worth the amount of money a person could earn in four days. +21:11 f1co gamble for his clothes 1 This could mean ‘play a game of chance to determine who would win his clothes.’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +21:12 vzgj pierce 1 People would stab the Messiah with a sharp weapon. +21:12 ls7w even though he had not done anything wrong 1 The connecting words **even though** contrast the way the Messiah was killed, with his innocence. It is not expected that an innocent, sinless man would be killed so brutally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +21:13 yg61 But he would die 1 The connecting word **But** contrasts the perfection of the Messiah, with his death as punishment for other people’s sins. It is not expected that a perfect man would die for other people’s sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +21:14 qq6w raise the Messiah from the dead 1 This could mean ‘cause the Messiah to be alive again.’ +21:14 gsfi to make the New Covenant 1 This could mean ‘to put the New Covenant into effect.’ +21:15 n5mx but the Messiah did not come during the time of any of those prophets 1 The connecting word **But** contrasts the many prophecies about the Messiah given to the prophets with the Messiah not coming during their life time. It is not expected that so much detail would be given when it would be another 400 years until the Messiah came. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +21:15 ackx More than 400 years after the last of these prophecies was given, at exactly the right time 1 This is background information about what happened before the Messiah came. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +21:15 g1z1 400 years 1 This could also be written in words: “four hundred years.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +21:15 cxtn into the world 1 This could be translated as: “to the people of the world.” The Messiah would be sent not only to the Jews, but to all people. +22:intro oodf The Birth of John 1 This title can also be translated as: “About how John the Baptist was born” or “What happened when John the Baptist was born?” +22:1 hq71 In the past, God had spoken to his prophets so they could speak to his people. Then came 400 years of silence in which he did not speak to men. 1 This is background information about the prophets of God, and the 400 years that God did not send them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +22:1 d3xk his people 1 This could be translated as: “his people, the Israelites” or “his people, the Jews.” But only include the added information if it is not clearly understood who these people were. +22:1 kkqn Then came 400 years of silence 1 Other ways to say this are: “Then 400 years of silence passed” or “Then there were 400 years of silence.” The last Old Testament prophet, Malachi, has prophesied 400 years before. +22:1 z1os in which he did not speak to men 1 This could mean ‘during which God did not give any messages to the prophets for his people.’ +22:1 idof Then God sent an angel 1 This introduces the birth of John the Baptist as a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +22:1 zlt0 Then God sent an angel to a priest named Zechariah 1 This introduces the angel and Zechariah as new characters in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) +22:1 h6hl Zechariah and his wife, Elizabeth, honored God. They were very old, and she had never born any children. 1 This is background information about the kind of people who Zechariah and Elizabeth were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +22:2 wdum The angel 1 This refers to the angel that came to Zechariah in [22:01](22/01). +22:2 ce95 You will name him John. 1 This is a command. The angel is telling Zechariah exactly what he must name John. +22:2 cxuz fill him with the Holy Spirit 1 This could mean ‘give him wisdom and power through the Holy Spirit.’ +22:2 iblz My wife and I are too old to have children! 1 This sentence emphasizes that Zechariah and Elizabeth were far too old to have children by natural means. That would require God to work a miracle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +22:2 t4pc How can I know you are telling me the truth? 1 Here, **know** means to learn by experience, suggesting Zechariah was asking for a sign as proof. Alternate translation: “What can you do to prove to me that this will happen?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +22:3 eooy The angel responded to Zechariah, “I was sent by God to bring you this good news. Because you did not believe me, you will not be able to speak until the child is born.” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “The angel answered and told Zechariah that he was sent by God to bring him this good news. But because Zechariah did not believe him, Zechariah will not be able to speak until the child was born.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +22:3 b7yk Immediately, Zechariah was unable to speak 1 The connecting word **Immediately** introduces a sequential clause. First the angel said Zechariah would not be able to speak, and the next thing that happened was Zechariah could not speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) +22:3 xe5g Because you did not believe me, you will not be able to speak until the child is born. 1 The connecting word **Because** connects the reason (Zechariah did not believe the good news), with the result (Zechariah could not speak until the baby was born). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +22:4 ort1 When Elizabeth was six months pregnant 1 The connecting word **When** introduces a background clause. The main event is Mary’s pregnancy and visit to Elizabeth. The background event that was already happening is Elizabeth was six months pregnant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]]) +22:4 sbu0 Elizabeth 1 She was Zechariah’s wife. An angel told Zechariah that Elizabeth would give birth to a son. +22:4 kn2r six months pregnant 1 Either she had already been pregnant for six months or she was in the sixth month of her pregnancy. +22:4 rww0 pregnant 1 Different languages have different idioms to talk about pregnancy, such as ‘she was with child’ or ‘she had one in her body’ or ‘she had belly.’ Some languages have special ways of speaking about it politely, such as ‘she was expecting.’ Use an expression that will not be embarrassing to readers. +22:4 wxmv Elizabeth’s relative 1 Many translations say, ‘cousin’ here but we don’t know exactly how these two women were related. A general term like, ‘kin’ or ‘cousin’ could be used. +22:4 eg1t She was a virgin and was engaged to be married to a man named Joseph 1 This is background information about Mary. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +22:4 e5y9 was engaged 1 This could mean ‘was promised.’ +22:4 hy5k Son of the Most High God 1 This is an important title for Jesus. Mary will bear **a son** who will be called **the Son of the Most High**. Jesus is therefore a human son born of a human mother, and he is also the Son of God. These terms should be translated very carefully. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) +22:5 l109 Mary replied, “How can this be, since I am a virgin?” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Mary asked him how this could be, since she was a virgin.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +22:5 mim9 How can this be 1 This could mean ‘How can I become pregnant’ Mary was not doubting the truth of the angel’s words, but asking how it would happen. +22:5 j2gw Holy Spirit will come to you, and the power of God will come to you 1 These are two ways of saying the same thing: ‘By the power of God, the Holy Spirit will miraculously cause you to become pregnant.’ Make sure the translation of this sentence does not sound like there was any physical contact involved. This was a miracle. +22:5 tjbm Holy Spirit 1 This introduces the Holy Spirit as a new character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) +22:5 bs4y the baby will be holy 1 The word **holy** here means the baby will belong to God. +22:5 djrq Son of God 1 This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) +22:6 qvbm Soon after this happened 1 The connecting word **Soon** introduces a sequential clause. The angel came to Mary and soon after Mary left to visit Elizabeth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) +22:6 tegl Elizabeth 1 See the note about Elizabeth on [22:04](22/04). +22:6 wjdn baby jumped inside her 1 The baby moved suddenly inside Elizabeth’s womb in response to Mary’s greeting to Elizabeth. +22:6 yzcw what God had done for them 1 This refers to the fact that both women were pregnant through God’s supernatural intervention. Mary had conceived without a man, and Elizabeth had conceived with Zechariah after she was past the age of childbearing. +22:7 lx1z Elizabeth 1 See the note about Elizabeth on [22:04](22/04). +22:7 tra4 Then God made Zechariah able to speak again 1 The connecting word **Then** introduces a sequential clause. After Zechariah and Elizabeth named their baby John, Zechariah was able to speak again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) +22:7 ntky Praise God, because he has remembered to help his people! 1 This sentence emphasizes that God is worthy of praise because of how he helped his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +22:7 w4g5 Praise God 1 This could mean ‘We should all praise God.’ +22:7 zejp the prophet 1 This could mean ‘the very important prophet.’ John would be the prophet that the Old Testament prophets had predicted would come before the Messiah. +22:7 tf6j the Most High God 1 Other ways to say this are: “the God who is greater than everything” or “the God who rules over everything.” +22:7 kl0g A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +23:intro o27j The Birth of Jesus 1 This title can also be translated as: “About how Jesus was born” or “What happened when Jesus was born?” +23:1 e14z Mary was engaged to a righteous man named Joseph 1 Parents normally arranged the marriages of their children. Alternate translation: “The parents of Mary had promised her in marriage to a righteous man named Joseph” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +23:1 or6g engaged 1 This could mean ‘promised to be married.’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +23:1 kdu5 he knew it was not his baby 1 This could mean ‘he knew that he was not the one who had caused her to be pregnant.’ +23:1 x7dx However, he did not want to shame Mary 1 The connecting word **However** contrasts Mary being pregnant with what Joseph believed to be another man’s child, with Joseph’s desire not to shame Mary. You would expect Joseph to be angry and want to shame her but, instead, he responds with mercy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +23:1 bk8d to shame Mary 1 This could mean ‘to cause Mary to be publicly disgraced’ or ‘to embarrass Mary publicly.’ Joseph was merciful to Mary even though it seemed like she was an adulteress. +23:1 bz3f to divorce her quietly 1 This could also be translated as: “to divorce her without telling others why,” or “to divorce her without telling others about her pregnancy.” Because Joseph was righteous, he wanted to resolve the situation in the best way possible, which in this culture would be to divorce her quietly. +23:1 r4v4 divorce her 1 Joseph had not married Mary yet, but when a man and woman promised to marry each other, Jews considered them husband and wife though they did not live together. This is why a divorce was necessary rather than simply breaking an engagement. For some languages, it may be better to say: “break their engagement.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +23:1 e1q9 in a dream 1 This could mean ‘while he was asleep and dreaming.’ +23:2 uzjl do not be afraid to take Mary as your wife 1 This can also be translated as: “Stop thinking that you shouldn’t marry Mary” or “Do not hesitate to have Mary as your wife.” +23:2 d6qy The baby that is in her is from the Holy Spirit 1 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Holy Spirit caused Mary to become pregnant with this child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +23:2 s5ke is from the Holy Spirit 1 This could mean ‘was conceived by a miracle of the Holy Spirit.’ +23:2 kbpp She will give birth to a son 1 Because God sent the angel, the angel knew the baby was a boy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +23:2 ve1e Name him Jesus 1 This is a command from God telling Joseph exactly what to name the baby. +23:2 y1e0 because he will save the people from their sins 1 The connecting word **because** connects the result (Joseph was to name the baby Jesus, which means God saves), with the reason (Jesus will save the people from their sins). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +23:3 flmf So Joseph married Mary 1 The connecting word **So** connects the result (Joseph took Mary as his wife) with the reason (the angel told him the baby was not another man’s child conceived in sin, but the Son of God conceived by the Holy Spirit). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +23:3 ezir but he did not sleep with her 1 The connecting word **but** contrasts Joseph taking Mary to be his wife, with him not sleeping with her. It would be expected that a man would sleep with the woman he took as his wife, but Joseph did the unexpected. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +23:3 s2ys he did not sleep with her 1 He kept her a virgin until the birth of the baby. In order to be polite, a euphemism is used to say Joseph did not have sexual intercourse with Mary. Alternate translation: “he did not have sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +23:4 zxts When the time was near for Mary to give birth 1 This could mean ‘When it was near the end of Mary’s pregnancy.’ +23:4 ounp They had to go there because the Roman officials wanted to count all the people in the land of Israel. They wanted everyone to go to where their ancestors had lived. King David had been born in Bethlehem, and he was the ancestor of both Mary and Joseph. 1 This is background information about why Joseph and Mary had to travel to Bethlehem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +23:4 e87w the Roman officials 1 Rome had conquered and ruled over Israel at this time. +23:4 wf0i to count all the people 1 This could mean ‘to write their names on a list.’ They probably did this so they could tax the people. +23:5 lzov but there was no place for them to stay 1 This is background information about why Jesus was born in a place where animals slept. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +23:5 jjt6 no place for them to stay 1 This could mean ‘no usual place for them to stay.’ Because Bethlehem was so crowded at that time, the usual rooms for guests were already full of people. +23:5 xjn1 where some animals were kept 1 This was a place for sheltering animals, not a place where people lived. Translate this with a term that would normally be used for a place where animals were kept. +23:5 qhwl a feeding trough 1 This could mean ‘an animal feed box’ or ‘a wooden or stone box for feeding animals.’ The box could have been filled with hay to provide a padded surface for the baby to lie on. +23:6 q2l7 guarding their flocks 1 A **flock** is a group of sheep. The shepherds were caring for their sheep, and protecting them from harm or theft. +23:6 fzt3 a shining angel 1 This could also be translated as: “an angel surrounded by a bright light.” The shining light would have seemed even brighter in contrast to the darkness of the night. +23:6 qup1 they were terrified 1 The shepherds were very afraid when a supernatural angel appeared. +23:6 vspr The angel said, “Do not be afraid, because I have some good news for you. The Messiah, the Master, has been born in Bethlehem!” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “The angel told them not to be afraid, because he had some good news for them. The Messiah, the Master, had been born in Bethlehem!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +23:6 p5md Do not be afraid 1 This often means ‘stop being afraid.’ The angel spoke this command to the shepherds in order to comfort them. The shepherds were very afraid when they saw the angel, so he was telling them they did not need to be afraid. Alternate translation: “You do not need to be afraid” +23:6 nx18 The Messiah, the Master, has been born in Bethlehem! 1 This sentence emphasizes the exciting message that the Messiah—for whom the Israelites had so long been waiting—had finally come! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +23:7 aumd General Information 1 The angel continued speaking. +23:7 w4rl Go search for the baby, and you will find him wrapped in pieces of cloth and lying in a feeding trough. 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “The angel told them to go and search for the baby, and they would find him wrapped in pieces of cloth and lying in a feeding trough.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +23:7 d47g and you will find him wrapped in pieces of cloth and lying in a feeding trough 1 The connecting word **and** introduces a sequential clause. After they go and search for the baby, they will find him wrapped in cloth and lying in a trough. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) +23:7 xt21 wrapped in pieces of cloth 1 The custom of that time was to tightly wrap newborn babies in long strips of cloth. It may be necessary to say “wrapped in long strips of cloth, in the customary way.” +23:7 gcvy a feeding trough 1 This could mean ‘an animal feeding box.’ Also see how you translated this in [23:05](23/05). +23:7 jyml filled with angels 1 This means that there were so many angels that they seemed to fill the sky. +23:7 w5pc May all honor be to God 1 This can also be translated as: “Let us all honor God!” or “Our God deserves all honor!” or “We all give honor to God!” +23:7 tr99 peace on earth 1 Another way to say this would be: “may there be peace on earth.” +23:7 hwzk the people he favors 1 This might be translated as: “people that God looks upon with favor, delight, or good will.” +23:8 g7dn Then the angels left 1 The connecting word **Then** introduces a sequential clause. The angels gave their praise, and then they left. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) +23:8 wbas everything they had heard and seen 1 This included the glorious angels and their amazing message, as well as seeing the newborn Messiah himself. +23:9 apss There were some men in a country far to the east. 1 This introduces as new characters in the story. These men came from the east to worship Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) +23:9 yxba They studied the stars and were very wise 1 This is background information about why these men knew Jesus had been born and came to see him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +23:9 e30m They studied the stars 1 These men may also have had access to the Old Testament prophets’ writings that predicted the birth of the Messiah. +23:9 ke13 an unusual star 1 The star that they noticed was not a normal star. It was something that appeared at the time of Jesus’ birth. +23:9 www1 So they decided to travel from their country to see the child 1 The connecting word **So** connects the reason (a new king of the Jews had been born), with the result (the men decided to travel to see the child). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +23:9 fjna the child 1 As much as a year or two passed before the men arrived in Bethlehem. Jesus was no longer a baby. +23:9 rlyb the house 1 They were no longer staying in the place for animals where he was born. +23:10 w77n When these men saw Jesus with his mother 1 The connecting word **When** introduces a simultaneous clause. When they saw Jesus, the wisemen bowed down and worshiped. It was their simultaneous response to seeing him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]]) +23:10 nyf4 bowed down 1 This could mean ‘bowed low to the ground.’ At that time, this was the customary way of showing great respect or reverence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) +23:10 qj82 expensive 1 This could mean ‘very valuable.’ +23:10 ssj6 A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +24:intro foav John Baptizes Jesus 1 This title can also be translated as: “About what happened when John the Baptist baptized Jesus” or “What happened when John the Baptist baptized Jesus?” +24:1 iof9 John, the son of Zechariah and Elizabeth, grew up and became a prophet. 1 This introduces a new event—John preaching as an adult. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +24:1 df7r He lived in the wilderness, ate wild honey and locusts, and wore clothes made from camel hair 1 This is background information about how John lived. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +24:1 mo72 the wilderness 1 This could mean ‘the desert’ or ‘a remote, desert-like place.’ There were few people living out in this area. +24:1 e4bo wild honey 1 This honey was the natural product of bees in the wilderness; it was not cultivated by people. If that is what people would understand by the word **honey**, you may not need to call it **wild**. +24:1 r8yl locusts 1 These were large, hopping insects with wings, like very large grasshoppers. Some people who live in the desert eat them. +24:1 oa4s wore clothes made from camel hair 1 This clothing symbolizes that John was a prophet like the prophets from long ago, especially the prophet Elijah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) +24:1 mijm clothes made from camel hair 1 This could mean ‘coarse clothes made of camel hair.’ These clothes would not quickly wear out in the wilderness as other clothes would. +24:1 aak2 camel hair 1 A camel is an animal that has very rough hair. People could make clothing out of it. This could be translated as: “rough animal hair.” +24:2 i34y the wilderness 1 See how you translated this word in [24:01](24/01). +24:2 epol He preached to them, saying, “Repent, for the kingdom of God is near!” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “He preached to them, telling them to repent, for the kingdom of God was near!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +24:2 nnf9 Repent, for the kingdom of God is near! 1 This sentence emphasizes the urgent reason for them to repent—the kingdom of God was near! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +24:2 wddy Repent 1 This is a command. It might be better to say: “Repent from your sins.” +24:2 ska3 the kingdom of God is near 1 This could mean ‘the kingdom of God is ready to appear’ or ‘the kingdom of God will arrive soon.’ This refers to God’s ruling over people. This can also be translated as: “God’s reign is about to begin” or “God will soon rule over us as king.” +24:3 ca6r When people heard John’s message, many of them repented from their sins, and John baptized them 1 The connecting word **When** introduces a sequential clause. First, they heard John’s message, then they would repent and John would baptize them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) +24:3 srri repented from their sins 1 This could also be translated as: “repented concerning their sins” or “changed their minds about their sins” or “turned away from their sins.” +24:3 jd2a did not repent 1 This could mean ‘did not turn away from their sins.’ +24:3 ecj5 confess their sins 1 To confess is to acknowledge that something is true. These leaders did not want to acknowledge that they had sinned. This may be translated as: “confess that they had sinned.” +24:4 cgiv You poisonous snakes 1 John speaks of the religious leaders as if they were poisonous snakes. Poisonous snakes are dangerous and represent evil. Alternate translation: “You are evil like poisonous snakes!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +24:4 oo4m God will cut down every tree that does not bear good fruit, and he will throw them into the fire 1 John speaks of the religious leaders as if they were trees that bear bad fruit. This metaphor means God is ready to punish sinners. Alternate translation: “God has his axe and he is ready to cut down and burn any tree that grows bad fruit” or “As a person gets his axe ready to cut down and burn a tree that grows bad fruit, God is ready to punish you for your sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +24:4 f950 God will cut down every tree that does not bear good fruit, and he will throw them into the fire 1 This means: ‘He will judge them person who does not do good deeds and punish them.’ +24:4 p5u7 every tree that does not bear good fruit 1 John is not really talking about trees. This is an expression that compares good fruit to good actions and attitudes that come from God. +24:4 p86n John fulfilled what the prophets had said, “See, I will soon send my messenger ahead of you, who will prepare your way.” 1 In some languages it would be more natural to use an indirect quote for this sentence, such as: John fulfilled what the prophets had said. They told of God’s promise to send his messenger ahead of Jesus to prepare his way. +24:4 wins John fulfilled 1 This could mean ‘John was doing’ what the prophet said God’s messenger would do. +24:4 b4zu See 1 This could be translated as: “Look and see” or “Pay attention!” +24:4 zl0g my messenger 1 This could mean ‘I, Yahweh, will send my messenger.’ +24:4 o1lg ahead of you 1 In this phrase, the word **you** refers to the Messiah. +24:4 k0xu prepare your way 1 God’s messenger will prepare the people to listen to the Messiah. +24:5 dbiu He is so great 1 This could be translated as: “He is so important.” +24:5 giaw I am not even worthy to untie his sandals 1 Untying the straps of sandals was a duty of a slave. John was saying that the one who would come is so great that John was not even worthy to be his slave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +24:6 a076 Look! 1 This sentence emphasizes the importance of the statement that follows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +24:6 fmul There is 1 For some languages, this would be translated as: “Here is” or “That man is.” +24:6 pjk6 the Lamb of God 1 John speaks of Jesus as if Jesus is a lamb from God. This is a metaphor that represents God’s perfect sacrifice. Jesus is called the “Lamb of God” because he was sacrificed to pay for people’s sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +24:6 ysbe will take away 1 The sacrifice of Jesus causes God to look at our sin as if it never existed. +24:6 hd65 world 1 The word **world** is a metonym and refers to all the people in the world. Alternate translation: “all the people in the world” or “every person in the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +24:6 l8yg the sin of the world 1 This could mean ‘the sin of the people in the world.’ +24:7 stuw John said to Jesus, “I am not worthy to baptize you. You should baptize me instead.” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “John told Jesus that he was not worthy to baptize him, but that Jesus should baptize John instead.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +24:7 jxf5 I am not worthy to baptize you 1 This could be translated as: “I am not good enough to baptize you” or “I am sinful, so I should not baptize you.” +24:7 uj3i But Jesus said, “You should baptize me, because it is the right thing to do.” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “But Jesus said that John should baptize him because it was the right thing to do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +24:7 agw7 it is the right thing to do 1 This might also be translated as: “it is the proper thing to do” or “this is what God wants me to do.” +24:7 cosm even though Jesus had never sinned 1 The connecting words **even though** introduce a factual condition. Baptism is sign of repentance, but Jesus never sinned, so he had no need to repent. Jesus’ sinlessness was not questioned even though the evidence, his baptism, would seem to say he had repented of sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact]]) +24:8 eqk7 after being baptized 1 This can be stated in active form: “After John baptized Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +24:8 km4g Spirit of God appeared in the form of a dove and came down and rested on him 1 Possible meanings are 1. this is a simile, and the Spirit descended upon Jesus as a bird descends from the sky toward the ground or 2. the Spirit literally looked like a dove as he descended upon Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +24:8 kmrw This is my Son 1 This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) +24:9 xi5x God had told John, “The Holy Spirit will come down and stay on someone you baptize. That person is the Son of God.” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God had told John that the Holy Spirit would come down and stay on someone he baptized, and that that person would be the Son of God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +24:9 agks God had told John 1 This could mean ‘Before this, God had told John’ or ‘Before Jesus came to be baptized, God had told John.’ +24:9 pq2k Son of God 1 This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) +24:9 hf51 But when John baptized Jesus 1 The connecting word **But** contrasts the fact that there is only one God, with the fact that there is God the Father, God the Son and God the Holy Spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +24:9 fdgk A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +25:intro w3t5 Satan Tempts Jesus 1 This title can also be translated as: “About how Satan tried to get Jesus to sin” or “What happened when Satan tried to get Jesus to sin?” +25:1 tsvk Immediately after Jesus was baptized 1 This is a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +25:1 zjy3 the Holy Spirit led him 1 This could mean ‘the Holy Spirit guided him’ or ‘the Holy Spirit prompted him to go.’ +25:1 ajgz the wilderness 1 This could also be translated as: “the desert” or “a remote, barren place with few people.” This place probably had very few trees or other plants, so most people would not be able to live there. +25:1 n2g9 40 days and 40 nights 1 This means: ‘40 days, both during the day and during the night.’ Make sure the translation of this phrase does not sound like a period of eighty days. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +25:1 pnrp tempted him to sin 1 Since Jesus did not sin, make sure you use a word that does not imply that Satan succeeded in convincing Jesus to sin. This phrase could also be translated as: “tried to convince him to sin.” +25:2 z6mm Satan said to Jesus, “If you are the Son of God, turn these rocks into bread so you can eat!” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Satan told Jesus that if he was the Son of God, he should turn these rocks into bread so he can eat!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +25:2 mx1g If you are the Son of God 1 Satan knew that Jesus was indeed **the Son of God**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +25:2 djdm the Son of God 1 This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) +25:2 jllw turn these rocks into bread 1 This may also be translated as: “make these rocks become bread” or “supernaturally change these rocks into bread.” +25:2 cgdr bread 1 For languages where bread is not a common food, this could be translated as: “food.” In the Jews’ culture, bread was the main food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +25:3 lky9 But Jesus said to Satan, “It is written” 1 Jesus refused to do what Satan asked. This can be clearly stated: “But Jesus said to Satan, ‘No, I will not do that because it is written.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +25:3 hg66 Jesus said to Satan, “It is written in God’s word, ‘People do not only need bread in order to live, but they need everything that God tells them!’” 1 This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jesus told Satan that it is written in God’s word, ‘People do not only need bread in order to live, but they need everything that God tells them!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +25:3 h40q ‘People do not only need bread in order to live, but they need everything that God tells them!’ 1 This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “It is written in God’s word that people do not only need bread in order to live, but they need everything that God tells them!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) +25:3 t0rv bread 1 Make sure that you use the same word to translate **bread** here as you did in [25:02](25/02). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +25:3 fevb but they need everything that God tells them! 1 Another way to translate this would be, “Rather, people need to listen to and obey everything God says.” +25:4 ydmk He said to him, “If you are the Son of God, jump off to the ground, because it is written, ‘God will command his angels to carry you so your foot does not hit a stone.’” 1 This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “He told him that if he was the Son of God, he should jump off to the ground, because it is written, ‘God will command his angels to carry you so your foot does not hit a stone.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +25:4 wbdz If you are the Son of God 1 Satan knew that Jesus was indeed **the Son of God**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +25:4 ksp4 the Son of God 1 This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) +25:4 egbf jump off to the ground 1 This could mean ‘jump off this building to the ground.’ +25:4 aap2 it is written 1 This can be stated in active form: “a prophet of God wrote long ago” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +25:4 pui3 because it is written, ‘God will command his angels to carry you so your foot does not hit a stone.’ 1 This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “because it is written that God will command his angels to carry you so your foot does not hit a stone.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) +25:4 ot0c so your foot does not hit a stone 1 This means: ‘so that you will not be hurt at all; not even your foot will be injured on a stone.’ It could also be translated as: “so that even your foot will not strike against a stone; you will not be injured at all.” +25:5 jd5v he said, “God tells everyone, ‘Do not test the Lord your God.’” 1 This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “he said that God tells everyone, ‘Do not test the Lord your God.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +25:5 uv84 “God tells everyone, ‘Do not test the Lord your God.’” 1 This could be translated as: an indirect quote: “God tells everyone not to test the Lord your God.” +25:5 i9s6 he said, “God tells everyone, ‘Do not test the Lord your God.’” 1 This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “he tells everyone not to test the Lord your God” or “he says that no one should test the Lord your God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) +25:5 bq2w Do not test the Lord your God 1 This could be translated as: “Do not make the Lord your God prove himself to you” or “Do not challenge God to take care of you even when you do not obey him.” +25:5 rdav the Lord your God 1 This could mean ‘Yahweh, your God’ or ‘Yahweh, who is God and has authority over you.’ +25:6 bi04 He said to Jesus, “I will give you all this if you bow down and worship me.” 1 This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “He said to Jesus that he would give him all this if Jesus would bow down and worship him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +25:6 d1wq the kingdoms of the world 1 This refers to all the greatest cities, countries, and other territories of the world. +25:6 l4bw I will give you all this 1 This could be translated as: “I will give you all the wealth and power of these kingdoms” or “I will make you the ruler over all these countries, cities and people.” +25:6 fxln I will give you 1 It can be stated that Satan indeed had this authority: “I have the authority to give you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +25:6 ffzp bow down 1 This means that Jesus would serve and worship Satan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) +25:7 fpx3 Jesus replied, “Get away from me, Satan! In God’s word he commands his people, ‘Worship only the Lord your God. Honor only him as God.’” 1 This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jesus told Satan to get away from him! In God’s word he commands his people, ‘Worship only the Lord your God. Honor only him as God.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +25:7 ugnx Jesus replied, “Get away from me, Satan! In God’s word he commands his people, ‘Worship only the Lord your God. Honor only him as God.’” 1 Jesus refused to do what Satan asked. This can be clearly stated: “But Jesus said to Satan, ‘No, I will not do that. Get away from me, Satan.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +25:7 e5v1 Get away from me 1 This imperative may also be translated as: “Leave me” or “Leave me alone.” +25:7 v116 he commands his people, ‘Worship only the Lord your God. Honor only him as God.’ 1 This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “he commands his people to worship only the Lord their God, and to honor only him as God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) +25:7 ry2q the Lord your God 1 Translate this phrase the same way as you did in [25:05](25/05). +25:8 n2ib did not give in to 1 This could be translated as: “did not do the things that Satan was tempting him to do.” +25:8 mje6 A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +26:intro yj2q Jesus Starts His Ministry 1 This title can also be translated as: “About how Jesus began to minister to the Jews” or “What happened when Jesus began to minister to the Jews?” +26:1 dd38 After Jesus refused Satan’s temptations, he returned 1 You may prefer to make this into shorter sentences and say: “Jesus did not do the wrong things Satan tried to get him to do. Jesus defeated Satan. After that, Jesus returned.” The word **refused** can also be translated as: “rejected” or “resisted.” +26:1 qxbb After Jesus refused Satan’s temptations 1 This begins a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +26:1 r817 went from place to place 1 That is, he “traveled to different towns and other places.” +26:1 ubnj Everyone 1 This could mean ‘Everyone who knew him or heard about him.’ +26:2 xj9s the place of worship 1 This could mean ‘the building where the Jews gathered to worship God.’ This can also be translated as: “the worship building.” +26:2 lbl0 a scroll 1 A scroll was a long sheet of paper or leather that was rolled up and had writing on it. +26:2 tyo7 a scroll with the messages of the prophet Isaiah 1 This could mean ‘a scroll that had the words that the prophet Isaiah had written.’ Isaiah had written on a scroll hundreds of years before. This was a copy of that scroll. +26:2 sf5r opened up the scroll 1 This could be translated as: “rolled open the scroll” or “unrolled the scroll.” +26:3 v7w2 Jesus read, “God has given me his Spirit so that I can proclaim good news to the poor. He has sent me to set prisoners free, to make the blind people see again, and to free those whom others are oppressing. This is the time when the Lord will be merciful to us and help us.” 1 This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jesus read that God had given him his Spirit so that he could proclaim good news to the poor. He had sent him to set prisoners free, to make the blind people see again, and to free those whom others are oppressing. This is the time when the Lord will be merciful to us and help us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +26:3 x5m0 proclaim good news to the poor 1 This could mean ‘to tell poor and needy people the good message that God will help them.’ +26:3 zirc to set prisoners free 1 This could mean ‘to tell people who are wrongfully in prison that they will be released.’ +26:4 n5hi Jesus said, “The things I just read to you, they are happening right now.” 1 This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jesus said that the things he just read to them, they are happening right now.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +26:4 aspe The things I just read to you, they are happening right now 1 Other ways to translate this would be “The things you just heard me read are being fulfilled right now” or “Today the things I read to you came true as you heard them.” +26:4 rr52 amazed 1 Translate the word **amazed** with a term that means that they were surprised, shocked, and confused about how this could be possible. +26:4 xmih Isn’t this the son of Joseph? 1 This is a rhetorical question. This could also be translated as: “This man is only the son of Joseph!” or “Everyone knows he is just Joseph’s son!” The people were not asking if he was Joseph’s son or not. They were wondering how he could be the Messiah since they thought he was only the son of an ordinary man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +26:5 vp5b Then Jesus said, “It is true that people never accept a prophet in the town he grew up in. During the time of the prophet Elijah, there were many widows in Israel. But when it did not rain for three and a half years, God did not send Elijah to help a widow from Israel. Instead, he sent Elijah to a widow in a different nation.” 1 This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jesus said that it was true that people never accept a prophet in the town he grew up in. He also said that during the time of the prophet Elijah, there were many widows in Israel, but when it did not rain for three and a half years, God did not send Elijah to help a widow from Israel. Instead, he sent Elijah to a widow in a different nation.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +26:5 etmo people never accept a prophet in the town he grew up in 1 This proverb means ‘people do not recognize the authority of a prophet who has grown up among them.’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) +26:5 ok63 During the time of the prophet Elijah 1 This is background information about what happened when Elijah was alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +26:6 wjc9 Jesus continued, saying, “And during & ” 1 This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jesus continued, saying that during….” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +26:6 pnd7 during the time of the prophet Elisha 1 This is background information about what happened when Elisha was alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +26:6 vnjm Elisha 1 Elisha was God’s prophet who came after Elijah. Like Elijah, Elisha confronted Israelite kings who were sinning against God and he did miracles that God gave him power to do. +26:6 c9cz a commander 1 This could mean ‘a military leader.’ +26:6 ocf3 they were furious at him 1 The Jews did not want to hear that God had blessed any people besides themselves, so they were very angry at what Jesus said. +26:7 jcdu the place of worship 1 This could mean ‘the building where the Jewish people gathered to worship God.’ This can also be translated as: “the worship building.” See how you translated it in [26:02](26/02). +26:7 tt28 But Jesus walked through the crowd 1 To show that the people were not able to do to Jesus what they had planned to do, **But** could be translated with a strong contrast word or phrase such as: “But instead” or “However.” +26:8 eigu went throughout the region of Galilee 1 This could mean ‘all around in Galilee’ or ‘from place to place in Galilee.’ +26:9 azy4 who had demons in them 1 This could mean ‘who were controlled by evil spirits.’ +26:9 p2jm Jesus commanded the demons 1 This could also be translated as: “Jesus gave the command to the demons.” +26:9 ykic The demons often shouted, “You are the Son of God!” 1 This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “The demons often shouted that he was the Son of God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +26:9 byuo “You are the Son of God!” 1 This is a strong statement that Jesus is the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +26:9 ywrm the Son of God 1 This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) +26:10 zudk learned from him 1 This could mean ‘learned from what he taught them’ or ‘learned from everything he said and did.’ +26:10 fcvo A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +27:intro giks The Story of the Good Samaritan 1 This title can also be translated as: “About how a good man from Samaria helped a Jewish man” or “What happened when a good man from Samaria helped a Jewish man?” +27:1 lcvc One day 1 This phrase introduces an event that happened in the past, but does not state the specific time. Many languages have a similar way to begin telling a true story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +27:1 r612 an expert in the Jewish law 1 This man was someone who studied and taught the laws God had given the Israelites, as well as other Jewish laws. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) +27:1 vxab he said, “Teacher, what must I do to inherit eternal life?” 1 This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “called Jesus **Teacher** and asked what he had to do to inherit eternal life.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +27:1 avi9 to inherit eternal life 1 This could mean ‘to have life with God forever’ or ‘so that God will give me life with him forever’ or ‘to receive eternal life from God.’ The law expert was asking how he could be worthy to receive eternal life as an inheritance from God the Father. +27:1 h4sg eternal life 1 This refers to life forever with God after the mortal body dies. See the key term page for eternal life. +27:1 eny6 Jesus answered, “What is written in God’s law?” 1 This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jesus asked him what was written in God’s law.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +27:1 kpzh What is written in God’s law? 1 This could mean ‘What is written in God’s law about this?’ Jesus asked this question because he wanted the man to think about what God’s law really teaches. +27:1 jjel What is written 1 This can be stated in active form: “What did God say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +27:2 t9hu The man said, “It says, ‘Love the Lord your God with all your heart, soul, strength, and mind. And love your neighbor as yourself.’” 1 This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “The man said that we must love the Lord our God with all our heart, soul, strength, and mind. And love our neighbor as ourself.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +27:2 hug1 Love the Lord your God 1 You may choose to say: “We must love the Lord our God.” Make sure it does not sound like the man is commanding Jesus. Rather, he is quoting what God’s law commands people to do. +27:2 uhxo with all your heart, soul, strength, and mind 1 This could mean ‘with your whole self’ or ‘with every part of yourself.’ In some languages this might be translated as: “with all your liver, breath, strength, and thoughts.” The focus is not on each of these parts, but on all of us. Use the concepts in your language that make up the whole person. +27:2 ew0j heart 1 The heart refers to the part of a person that has desires and emotions. +27:2 ozsd soul 1 The soul refers to the nonphysical, spiritual part of a person. +27:2 vywb strength 1 Strength refers to the physical body and all of its abilities. +27:2 l92k mind 1 The mind refers to the part of a person that thinks, plans, and has ideas. +27:2 r9fx neighbor 1 Although the word **neighbor** normally refers to a person who lives near us, the Jews applied the term to everyone except close relatives, foreigners, and enemies. +27:2 dloa love your neighbor as yourself 1 This is an ellipse. The missing information can be stated: “love your neighbor as you love yourself.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +27:2 w6ox as yourself 1 That is, he should love his neighbor to the same extent that he loves himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +27:2 xvt2 Jesus answered, “You are correct! If you do this, you will have eternal life.” 1 This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jesus told him that he was correct! If he did this, he would have eternal life.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +27:2 n0iw you will have eternal life 1 This can be stated in active form: “God will give you eternal life.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +27:3 ir33 the law expert 1 This could mean ‘the expert in the Jewish law.’ See how you translated this term in [27:01](27/01). +27:3 djkz he asked Jesus, “Well then, who is my neighbor?” 1 This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “he asked Jesus who was his neighbor.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +27:3 vg3w who is my neighbor? 1 This could also be translated as: “what do you mean by ‘neighbor’?” or “which people are my neighbors?” He knew that he did not love everyone, and was asking which people he needed to love. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +27:4 xm89 General Information 1 The cloud-like frame around this picture indicates that Jesus is telling a story, and not necessarily explaining a historical event. +27:4 u6y0 the law expert 1 See how you translated this term in [27:01](27/01). +27:4 zbcg a story 1 The story is in the form of a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) +27:4 doyq There was a Jewish man 1 This introduces a new character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) +27:4 uzav from Jerusalem to Jericho 1 In some languages you could translate this as: “from the city of Jerusalem to the city of Jericho” or “from Jerusalem City to Jericho City.” +27:5 jvwb General Information 1 Jesus continues to tell the story. +27:5 d3y3 everything he had 1 This could mean ‘everything he had with him, including the clothes he was wearing.’ +27:6 goxj General Information 1 Jesus continues to tell the story. +27:6 yg9s Soon after that, a Jewish priest 1 This introduces a new character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) +27:6 kcmc happened to walk down 1 This could mean ‘happened to be traveling along.’ For some languages, it may be necessary to use a word like ‘travel’ rather than **walk** since the priest was not just walking on the road but was traveling to get to another city. +27:6 t07w kept on going 1 This could mean ‘continued traveling down the road.’ +27:6 o6ld He completely ignored that man 1 This was surprising because the priests were very religious, and would have been expected to help their fellow Jew. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +27:6 x2is ignored that man 1 This could mean ‘did not help that man’ or ‘showed no concern for that man.’ +27:7 icdp General Information 1 Jesus continues to tell the story. +27:7 vl4p Not long after that, a Levite 1 This introduces a new character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) +27:7 tfqz came down the road 1 This could mean ‘was traveling down that same road.’ +27:7 rlx6 (Levites were a tribe of Jews who helped the priests at the Temple.) 1 This is background information to tell the reader who the Levites were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +27:7 k9cg Levites were a tribe of Jews 1 This could mean ‘Levites were from the Israelite tribe of Levi’ or ‘Levites were from the Israelite clan of Levi.’ +27:7 rbi7 He also ignored that man 1 This was surprising because the Levites served in the Temple, and would have been expected to help their fellow Jew. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +27:7 fluz ignored 1 This could mean ‘did not help.’ +27:8 ij2w General Information 1 Jesus continues to tell the story. +27:8 rbx1 The next person to walk down that road was a man from Samaria 1 This introduces a new character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) +27:8 qmz6 to walk down 1 This could mean ‘to travel along.’ These people were traveling from one city to another. Make sure that it does not sound like they were just taking a walk. +27:8 ih48 (Samaritans and Jews hated each other.) 1 This is background information to tell the reader that the Samaritans and Jews were enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +27:8 okln He saw he was Jewish, but he still had very strong compassion for him 1 This was surprising because the the Jews and Samaritans hated each other, so he would not have been expected to help the Jewish man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +27:9 xo4j General Information 1 Jesus continues to tell the story. +27:9 ah4l his own donkey 1 Make sure it is clear that **his** refers to the Samaritan. +27:9 kxh7 an inn by the road 1 This could mean ‘a lodging place along the road.’ This is a place where travelers could get food and stay overnight. +27:10 gmxm General Information 1 Jesus continues to tell the story. +27:10 t413 to continue his journey 1 This could be translated as: “to continue traveling toward his destination.” +27:10 cwq3 in charge of 1 This could mean ‘who managed.’ It could be that this person also owned this lodging place. +27:10 akoz He said to him, ‘Take care of this man. If you spend any more money than this, I will repay those expenses when I return.’ 1 This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “He told him to take care of the man, and if he spent any more money than this, he would repay those expenses when he returned.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) +27:10 w7a9 Take care of this man 1 In order for it to be clear that this was a polite request, not an order, for some languages, it may be preferable to say: “Please take care of this man.” +27:10 pek5 will repay those expenses 1 This could also be translated as: “will repay you” or “will pay back that money” or “will repay it.” +27:11 zdou Jesus asked the law expert, “What do you think? Which one of the three men was a neighbor to the man who was robbed and beaten?” 1 This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jesus asked the law expert which of the three men he thought was a neighbor to the man who was robbed and beaten.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +27:11 t77c the law expert 1 This could mean ‘the expert in the Jewish law.’ See how you translated this term in [27:01](27/01). +27:11 o4ww the three men 1 The three men were the priest, the Levite, and the Samaritan. +27:11 i1zr was a neighbor 1 This can also be translated as: “behaved as a neighbor” or “was a friend” or “acted in a loving way.” See how you translated **neighbor** in [27:02](27/02) and [27:03](27/03). +27:11 vs30 a neighbor 1 Jesus is using the word **neighbor** in a broader sense than in [27:02](27/02). **Neighbor** here refers to anyone that we meet who needs our help. +27:11 in6b He replied, “The one who was merciful to him.” 1 This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “He replied that it was the one who was merciful to him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +27:11 zj3u Jesus told him, “You go and do the same.” 1 This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jesus told him to go and to do the same.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +27:11 bfbo You go and do 1 This could mean ‘You, too, should go and do’ or ‘Now you must do.’ Jesus was commanding the law expert to do as the Samaritan did. +27:11 c5e1 do the same 1 This could mean ‘love others, even your enemies.’ Make sure it does not sound like “the same” is only referring to helping a wounded man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +27:11 l7le A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +28:intro d97t The Rich Young Ruler 1 This title can also be translated as: “About how a wealthy and important young man came to speak to Jesus” or “What happened when a wealthy and important young man came to speak to Jesus?” +28:1 zk96 One day 1 This phrase introduces an event that happened in the past, but does not state the specific time. Many languages have a similar way to begin telling a true story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +28:1 vv2m a rich young ruler 1 This man was already a rich and powerful political official, even though he was still young. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) +28:1 qm3a came up to Jesus 1 This could mean ‘approached Jesus.’ +28:1 r5p9 asked him, “Good teacher, what must I do to have eternal life?” 1 This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “asked him what he must do to have eternal life.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +28:1 s95n Good teacher 1 This could mean ‘righteous teacher.’ He was not saying that Jesus was simply a skilled teacher. +28:1 xlgd to have eternal life 1 This could mean ‘to receive eternal life’ or ‘to live with God forever.’ Also consider how **eternal life** was translated in [27:01](27/01) and see the note about that there. +28:1 hcdc Jesus said to him, “Why do you call me ‘good’? There is only one who is good, and that is God. But if you want to have eternal life, obey God’s laws.” 1 This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jesus asked him why he called him ‘good’ since there is only one who is good, and that is God. Then he told him to obey God’s laws in order to have eternal life.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +28:1 e3t1 Why do you call me ‘good’? 1 Jesus is not denying that he is good. Rather, he is asking if the ruler understands that Jesus is God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +28:1 giwx There is only one who is good, and that is God 1 Other ways to say this are: “The only one who is truly good is God” or “God is the only one who is truly good.” +28:2 fegm “Which ones do I need to obey?” he asked 1 This could mean ‘Which laws do I need to obey in order to receive eternal life?’ This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “He asked him which laws he needed to obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +28:2 r3fv Jesus replied, “Do not murder. Do not commit adultery. Do not steal. Do not lie. Honor your father and mother, and love your neighbor as you love yourself.” 1 This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jesus replied that he must not commit murder, or commit adultery, or steal, or lie, and must honor his father and mother, and love his neighbor as he loves himself.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +28:2 hpk4 as you love yourself 1 This could mean ‘as much as you love yourself’ or ‘to the same degree that you love yourself.’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +28:3 xg6j the young man said, “I have obeyed all these laws ever since I was a boy. What do I still need to do in order to live forever?” 1 This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “the young man said that he had obeyed all these laws ever since he was a boy, and asked what he still needed to do in order to live forever.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +28:3 sv0d ever since I was a boy 1 Another way to say this would be: “from the time I was a child until now.” +28:3 w9mk What do I still need to do 1 This could mean ‘What else do I need to do’ or ‘What do I need to do in addition to these’ +28:3 n7ks loved him 1 Jesus had compassion on him. Choose a word for love that is consistent with the kind of love God has for people. +28:4 u4ph Jesus answered, “If you want to be perfect, then go and sell everything you own and give the money to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven. Then come and follow me.” 1 This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jesus answered that if he wanted to be perfect, then he should go and sell everything he owned and give the money to the poor, and he would have treasure in heaven. Then he should come and follow him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +28:4 cjo5 you 1 If your language has different words for **you** depending on the number of people intended, use the singular form. Jesus was addressing this command to this one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) +28:4 h2t2 perfect 1 This could mean ‘completely righteous.’ +28:4 fho7 everything you own 1 This could mean ‘all of your possessions.’ +28:4 njgd the poor 1 That is, the poor people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) +28:4 wesb treasure in heaven 1 The phrase **treasure in heaven** is a metaphor that refers to a reward from God. Alternate translation: “God will reward you in heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +28:4 blka treasure 1 This could also be translated as: “riches” or “great wealth.” +28:4 ld52 in heaven 1 This could also be translated as: “located in heaven when you arrive there.” This treasure will exist ‘there and then,’ as opposed to the wealth that Jesus asked the young man to give up ‘here and now.’ +28:5 u2yp heard what Jesus said 1 This could mean ‘heard Jesus tell him to give away what he owned.’ +28:6 f620 Jesus said to his disciples, “It is extremely hard for rich people to enter into the kingdom of God! Yes, it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God.” 1 This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jesus told his disciples that it is extremely hard for rich people to enter into the kingdom of God! He said that it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +28:6 zn4w It is extremely hard for rich people to enter into the kingdom of God! 1 This is a strong statement that it is extremely hard for rich people to be saved. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +28:6 s095 to enter into the kingdom of God 1 This can also be translated as: “to become a citizen in God’s kingdom.” +28:6 i3yc it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God 1 This is an exaggerated statement in order to emphasize the difficulty of a rich person being saved. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +28:6 ycm5 a camel 1 Camels are very large animals that are often used to carry heavy loads. If camels are not known in your language area, a phrase such as ‘a very large animal’ or ‘a beast of burden’ could be used. If you choose to substitute the name of some other large animal, such as ‘an ox’ or ‘a donkey,’ make sure that the animal would have been known by the people Jesus was talking to. +28:6 ri66 the eye of a needle 1 This refers to the tiny hole in the end of a sewing needle. The idea of something as large as a camel going through the eye of a needle is intended to represent something that is impossible. +28:7 drs3 they were shocked 1 This could mean ‘greatly astonished.’ They believed that God made people rich because they were more righteous than other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +28:7 stm2 They said, “If it is like this, who will God save?” 1 This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “They asked who God would save it it was like this.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +28:7 peg1 If it is like this, who will God save? 1 This could also be translated as: “If God does not allow rich people to have eternal life, how can anyone else be saved?” This is perhaps a rhetorical question that means ‘If God does not save rich people, then it seems like he will not save anyone!’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +28:7 mcbh save 1 Here it refers to God not judging or condemning them for their sin, and allowing them to be citizens in his kingdom. +28:8 ytgq said, “It is impossible for people to save themselves. But nothing is impossible for God to do.” 1 This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “said that it is impossible for people to save themselves, but nothing is impossible for God to do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +28:8 ssic nothing is impossible for God to do 1 This could also be translated as: “God is able to do anything, even save a rich person” or “God is able to do impossible things, so he can save even a rich person.” +28:9 wtfz said to Jesus, “We disciples have left everything and followed you. What will be our reward?” 1 This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “told Jesus that the disciples had left everything and followed him, and asked what their reward would be.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +28:9 gdzx left everything 1 This could mean ‘left everything behind’ or ‘given up everything we owned.’ +28:9 jgvr What will be our reward? 1 Other ways to say this are: “What reward will we receive” or “How will we be rewarded?” or “What will God give us as a reward?” It may also be necessary to add, “because we have done this?” +28:10 sept Jesus answered, “Everyone who has left houses, brothers, sisters, father, mother, children, or property for my sake will receive 100 times more and will also receive eternal life. But many who are first will be last, and many who are last will be first.” 1 This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jesus told them that everyone who has left houses, brothers, sisters, father, mother, children, or property for his sake will receive 100 times more and will also receive eternal life. He said that many who are first will be last, and many who are last will be first.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +28:10 nl1d has left 1 This could mean ‘has left behind’ or ‘has given up’ or ‘has counted as less important than God.’ +28:10 nq7w for my sake 1 This may also be translated as: “because of me” or “on my account.” +28:10 sbrg 100 times more 1 This could mean ‘very much more than he had before.’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +28:10 alnd many who are first will be last, and many who are last will be first 1 Here **first** and **last** refer to people’s status or importance. Jesus is contrasting people’s status now with their status in the kingdom of heaven. Alternate translation: “But many who seem to be important now will be the least important, and many who seem to be unimportant now will be very important” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +28:10 fskc many who are first will be last 1 This could mean ‘many people who are important now, will not be important then.’ +28:10 u0so many who are last will be first 1 This could mean ‘many people who are considered to not be very important on earth will be considered very important in heaven’ or ‘Many people who are considered now to be of little value on earth will be highly valued in heaven.’ +28:10 gtgs A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +29:intro w1gl The Story of the Unmerciful Servant 1 This title can also be translated as: “About what happened when a servant did not show mercy” or “What happened when a servant did not show mercy?” +29:1 nwgn One day 1 This phrase introduces an event that happened in the past, but does not state the specific time. Many languages have a similar way to begin telling a true story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +29:1 ti89 asked Jesus, “Master, how many times should I forgive my brother when he sins against me? Up to seven times?” 1 This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “called Jesus his master and asked him if he should forgive his brother as many as seven times when he sins against him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +29:1 pecx Jesus said, “Not seven times, but 70 times seven!” 1 This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jesus told him to forgive not only seven times, but 70 times seven!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +29:1 hh3z my brother 1 This term sometimes included people who were not actually siblings, but who shared another very strong connection such as religion, ethnic background, etc. +29:1 ogk9 sins against me 1 This could also be translated as: “does something wrong against me.” +29:1 gv5u Not seven times, but 70 times seven! 1 This could be translated as: “You should not forgive only seven times, rather you should forgive 70 times seven times.” Jesus was not talking about an exact number. He was saying that we should forgive people every time they sin against us. +29:1 hzpl 70 times 1 This could also be written in words: “seventy times.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +29:1 tld3 By this, Jesus meant that we should always forgive 1 This could be translated as: “Jesus wanted to say that we should always forgive anyone who sins against us.” +29:1 ihie this story 1 The story is in the form of a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) +29:2 ebyn Jesus said, “The kingdom of God is like a king who wanted to settle accounts with his servants. One of his servants owed a huge debt worth 200,000 years’ wages.” 1 This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jesus said that the kingdom of God is like a king who wanted to settle accounts with his servants, one of whom owed a huge debt worth 200,000 years’ wages.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +29:2 t6h1 The kingdom of God is like 1 Other ways to say this are: “God’s rule over people is like” or “The way God rules people can be compared to.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +29:2 vvog is like a king who 1 This could be translated as: “is like the kingdom of a king who” or “can be compared with the rule of a king who.” +29:2 qnof to settle accounts with his servants 1 This could mean ‘to collect the debts his servants owed him’ or ‘to collect the money his servants had borrowed from him.’ +29:2 ohux 200,000 1 This can be written in words: “two hundred thousand years.” It represents an exceptionally long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +29:3 euzc General Information 1 Jesus continues the story. +29:3 ect3 the king said, ‘Sell this man and his family as slaves to pay his debt.’ 1 This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “the king said to sell this man and his family as slaves to pay his debt.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) +29:3 m87r Sell this man and his family as slaves 1 This was a command from the king. +29:3 y3dy to pay his debt 1 This could mean ‘to pay back the money he owed to the king.’ +29:3 gxjf to pay his debt 1 It can be stated that the reason the man would be sold was so that the money received from selling him could pay part of what he owed to they king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +29:4 gohy General Information 1 Jesus continues the story. +29:4 zxec fell on his knees 1 This could mean ‘quickly knelt down on the ground.’ This was a way to show his humility and his desire for the king to help him. Make sure it doesn’t sound like he fell down accidentally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) +29:4 jbii before the king 1 This means: ‘in front of the king.’ +29:4 uao1 and said, ‘Please be patient with me, and I will pay the full amount that I owe you.’ 1 This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “and asked him to please be patient with him, and he would pay the full amount that he owed him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) +29:4 r8n9 felt pity 1 This could mean ‘felt compassion for’ or ‘felt sorry for.’ The king knew that the servant and his family would suffer greatly if they were sold into slavery. +29:4 wrmf canceled all of his debt 1 This can be translated as: “said that the servant did not need to pay back any of the money that he owed the king.” +29:5 zn57 General Information 1 Jesus continues the story. +29:5 f7bw a fellow servant 1 This refers to another man who was also a servant of the king. +29:5 ymsp and said, ‘Pay me the money that you owe me!’ 1 This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “and told him to pay him the money that he owed him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) +29:6 uh7v General Information 1 Jesus continues the story. +29:6 p4cw The fellow servant 1 Translate this phrase in the same way as in [29:05](29/05). +29:6 wsre fell on his knees 1 This phrase has the same meaning as in [29:04](29/04). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) +29:6 hd4b and said, ‘Please be patient with me, and I will pay the full amount that I owe you.’ 1 This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “and asked him to please be patient with him, and he would pay the full amount that he owed him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) +29:6 do5l threw his fellow servant into prison 1 This could also be translated as: “had the man put into prison.” The word **threw** is figurative and means it was done in a forceful way. +29:7 xl88 General Information 1 Jesus continues the story. +29:7 k1jm what had happened 1 This could mean ‘that the servant had refused to cancel the other servant’s debt and had put him into prison.’ +29:7 xrmc were greatly disturbed 1 This could mean ‘deeply grieved’ or ‘very distressed.’ +29:7 xt2u everything 1 This could mean ‘they told the king what the servant had done to his fellow servant.’ +29:8 d6m0 General Information 1 Jesus continues the story. +29:8 rmyy called the servant 1 This could mean ‘commanded the servant to come to him’ or ‘ordered his guards to bring the servant to him.’ +29:8 ltlv and said, ‘You wicked servant! I forgave your debt because you begged me. You should have done the same.’ 1 This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “and called him a wicked servant. He said that he had forgiven him his debts because he begged him. He should have done the same.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) +29:8 fnt7 You wicked servant! 1 The king said this to emphasize how wicked the servant was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +29:8 l54d begged me 1 This could be translated as: “pleaded with me” or “urgently asked me to be merciful.” +29:8 x7w1 You should have done the same 1 This could mean ‘You should have forgiven the man who owed you, just as I forgave you.’ +29:8 lala threw 1 This could mean ‘commanded his guards to put.’ Consider how **threw** was translated in frame [29:06](29/06). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +29:9 oftp Then Jesus said 1 Some languages may add: “to his disciples.” +29:9 w36a Jesus said, “This is what my heavenly Father will do to every one of you if you do not forgive your brother from your heart.” 1 This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jesus said that his heavenly Father will do this to every one of his disciples if they do not forgive their brother from their heart.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +29:9 e9jm This 1 **This** refers back to the way the king punished the unforgiving servant in [29:08](29/08). +29:9 hpof you & you & your & your 1 All occurrences of these words are plural. Jesus is speaking to his disciples, but this parable teaches a general truth that applies to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) +29:9 yp2l my heavenly Father 1 This could mean ‘my Father in heaven.’ Jesus is expressing his unique, personal relationship to God the Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) +29:9 nht8 your brother 1 See how you translated this in [29:01](29/01). +29:9 i5ko from your heart 1 The phrase **from your heart** is an idiom that means ‘sincerely.’ Alternate translation: “with sincerity” or “truly” or “genuinely” or “honestly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +29:9 lj37 heart 1 Here **heart** is a metonym for a person’s inner being. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +29:9 j2wr A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +30:intro ihs2 Jesus Feeds Thousands of People 1 This title can also be translated as: “About how Jesus fed thousands of people” or “What happened when Jesus fed thousands of people?” +30:1 q198 a quiet place 1 This refers to a place with few people where they could be by themselves. +30:2 fxjr General Information 1 This is background information about how the crowd came to be with Jesus when he performed a miracle by feeding 5,000 people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +30:2 uvmn arrived 1 This could mean ‘got to the other side of the lake’ or ‘got there.’ +30:3 dxx8 5,000 men 1 This can be written in words: “five thousand men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +30:3 nish not counting the women and children 1 This could mean ‘not counting the women and children who were with them’ or ‘and there were also women and children in addition to the men.’ Another way to translate this could also be, “in addition, there were many women and children.” +30:3 i9ov To Jesus 1 This could mean ‘Jesus knew that’ or ‘Jesus understood that.’ +30:3 tpsj like sheep without a shepherd 1 This could be translated as: “vulnerable and lost, just like sheep are when they have no shepherd to take care of them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +30:4 ylj1 Late in the day 1 This could also be translated as: “When it was almost evening.” +30:4 acvp told Jesus, “It is late and there are no towns nearby. Send the people away so they can go get something to eat.” 1 This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “told Jesus that it was late and there were no towns nearby. So they asked him to send the people away so they could go get something to eat.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +30:4 py4x Send the people away 1 This could be translated as: “Please tell the people to go to a town” or “Shouldn’t you tell the people to go somewhere?” or “Let the people go to a town.” Make sure it sounds like a polite request, not an order. +30:5 n0lx said to the disciples, “You give them something to eat!” 1 This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “told the disciples to give them something to eat.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +30:5 j3zn You give them something to eat! 1 Jesus said this to emphasize that the disciples themselves should find food for the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +30:5 lk4i You 1 The word **You** is plural, referring to the disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) +30:5 kbb7 They responded, “How can we do that? We only have five loaves of bread and two small fish.” 1 This is a direct quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation: “They asked how they could do that, since they only had five loaves of bread and two small fish.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +30:5 tktc How can we do that? 1 This could be translated as: “We cannot do that!” or “It is impossible to do that!” The disciples were not asking an actual question. Rather, they were strongly expressing that they did not think this was possible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +30:6 regi Jesus told his disciples to tell the people in the crowd to sit down on the grass in groups of 50 people each. 1 This is an indirect quotation. It can be stated as a direct quotation: “Jesus told his disciples, ‘Tell the people in the crowd to sit down on the grass in groups of 50 people each.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +30:6 yxte 50 people 1 This can be written as numerals: “fifty people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +30:7 ux63 Jesus took the five loaves of bread 1 He did not steal the loaves. Alternate translation: “Jesus held the five loaves of bread in his hands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +30:7 x3o2 looked up to heaven 1 This refers to looking up, toward the sky. The Jews believed that heaven was located above the sky. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +30:8 ud52 broke the bread and the fish 1 This could mean ‘tore the bread and the fish.’ +30:8 duc1 it never ran out! 1 Another way to say this would be: “there was always more left!” +30:8 efwq were satisfied 1 This could mean ‘were no longer hungry’ or ‘were not hungry anymore.’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +30:9 v7rh 12 baskets 1 This can be stated with words: “twelve baskets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +30:9 bw7i A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +31:intro x9ms Jesus Walks on Water 1 This title can also be translated as: “About how Jesus walked on the sea” or “What happened when Jesus walked on the sea?” +31:1 sl6r After Jesus fed the crowd, he told the disciples to get into a boat. 1 This introduces a new event. Jesus would come to the disciples on the water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +31:1 zkua a mountainside 1 This could mean ‘the side of a mountain.’ +31:2 xjii During this time 1 This could mean ‘While Jesus was praying on the mountainside.’ +31:2 sgbk rowing their boat 1 The boat had a sail, but it would not have worked when the wind was against them. +31:4 tqo4 a ghost 1 This could mean ‘a spirit.’ They thought Jesus was a spirit, since normally a human being cannot walk on water. +31:4 xivx so he called out to them and said, “Do not be afraid. It is I!” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “so he called out to them and told them not to be afraid, for it was he!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +31:4 roey Do not be afraid 1 For some languages, it may be more natural to say here: “Stop being afraid.” +31:4 oerw It is I! 1 For some, it might be more natural to translate this as: “It is me, Jesus.” +31:5 i7xv if it is you 1 This could mean ‘if it is really you, and not a ghost.’ +31:5 cdsr Jesus told Peter, “Come!” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jesus told Peter to come to him!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +31:5 ohqw Come! 1 This could mean ‘Come here’ or ‘Come to me’ or ‘Come, walk to me.’ +31:6 wazz turned his eyes away from 1 This expression means ‘looked away from.’ It could also be translated as: “stopped looking at.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +31:7 qm2s You have so little faith! 1 This may also be translated as: “You have so little faith in me!” or “You do not trust me very much!” +31:7 j03s Why did you not trust me to keep you safe? 1 Jesus uses a question to tell Peter that he should not have doubted. You can make explicit what Peter should not have doubted. Alternate translation: “you should not have doubted that I could keep you from sinking!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +31:8 flae The disciples were amazed 1 If you need to be more specific, it can be stated what they were amazed by. Alternate translation: “They were completely amazed at what he had done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +31:8 wiiw They worshiped him and said to him, “Truly, you are the Son of God.” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “They worshiped him and said to him that he was truly the Son of God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +31:8 jp42 Truly, you are the Son of God 1 Other ways to say this would be: “You really are the Son of God” or “It really is true that you are the Son of God.” +31:8 el54 the Son of God 1 This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) +31:8 tfre A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +32:intro ayl6 Jesus Heals a Demon-Possessed Man & a Sick Woman 1 This title can also be translated as: “About how Jesus healed a sick woman and a man who was possessed by a demon” or “What happened when Jesus healed a sick woman and a man who was possessed by a demon?” +32:1 zhy5 the Gerasene people 1 The Gerasenes lived in an area along the eastern shore of the Sea of Galilee. They were descendants of the Jews, but we know few details about them. +32:2 v3l7 was demon possessed 1 This could mean ‘had demons in him’ or ‘was controlled by evil spirits.’ +32:3 kc2g This man was so strong that nobody could control him. Sometimes people even fastened his arms and legs with chains, but he kept breaking them. 1 This is background information about the man who was possessed by a demon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +32:3 kibg fastened his arms and legs 1 This could mean ‘restrained’ or ‘bound.’ +32:3 bwww kept breaking them 1 Some languages may need to say: “kept breaking the chains.” +32:4 l809 among the tombs 1 This could mean ‘near the tombs’ or ‘around the tombs.’ +32:5 l2aa knelt down in front of him 1 This was a symbolic action to show that he was submitting to Jesus and asking for his help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) +32:5 otbz said, “Come out of this man!” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “told him to come out of the man!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +32:6 q645 cried out 1 This could mean ‘shouted’ or ‘exclaimed.’ +32:6 p9m8 What do you want with me, Jesus, Son of the Most High God? 1 This is not a real question asking for information. The demon was terrified that Jesus would judge him. Some languages will have to express this as a statement such as: “Please do not judge me, Jesus, Son of the Most High God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +32:6 mvqd What do you want with me 1 This expression means ‘What are you going to do to me?’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +32:6 z64a Son of the Most High God 1 This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) +32:6 i2bg the Most High God 1 This could mean ‘the Supreme God’ or ‘the Most Sovereign God’ or ‘the Most Powerful God.’ The meaning of **high** here refers to God’s greatness. It does not refer to altitude or being tall. +32:6 jwuk “My name is Legion, because we are many.” 1 A legion was a group of several thousand soldiers in the Roman army. The name **Legion** is a metaphor that speaks of the demons as if they were a large group of soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +32:6 tkhy Legion 1 This was the name of the group of demons, but it also indicates that the evil spirits were very numerous. Use the name if the note that follows will make the meaning clear in your language. If not, you may need to translate the word as something like ‘Army’ or ‘Crowd’ or ‘Thousands.’ +32:6 rp85 we are many 1 This could mean ‘there are many of us’ or ‘we are many demons.’ +32:7 l37p do not send us 1 This could mean ‘do not make us go.’ +32:7 ixnw There was a herd of pigs feeding on a nearby hill. 1 This is background information about the pigs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +32:7 k8ub Please send us 1 This could mean ‘Please let us go.’ Here **us** is exclusive. It refers to the demons only, and does not include Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +32:7 a6m0 instead 1 This could mean ‘instead of making us go away.’ +32:8 swji 2,000 pigs 1 This can be written in words: “two thousand pigs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +32:8 m913 herd 1 This could mean ‘herd of pigs’ or ‘group of pigs.’ Many languages have specific names for groups of animals, such as “flock of sheep,” “herd of cattle,” “pack of dogs,” and “school of fish.” Use a word that can appropriately be used for a large group of pigs. +32:9 f8we what happened 1 This could mean ‘how Jesus sent the demons out of the man and into the pigs.’ +32:9 d0ip who used to have the demons 1 This could mean ‘in whom the demons had lived’ or ‘who had been controlled by the evil spirits.’ +32:10 wemf The people 1 Some languages may prefer to say: “The people from that region” or “The Gerasene people.” +32:10 xgcp were very afraid and asked Jesus to leave 1 This is an ellipse. The missing information can be stated: “were very afraid of Jesus and asked him to leave.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +32:10 k9zs begged to go along with Jesus 1 This could mean ‘begged Jesus to let him go with him’ or ‘earnestly asked Jesus if he could go with him.’ +32:11 sb69 Jesus said to him, “No. I want you to go home and tell everyone what God has done for you. Tell them how he has had mercy on you.” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Jesus told him to go home and tell everyone what God has done for him, and to tell them how God had mercy on him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +32:11 vxwr how he has had mercy on you 1 This can be translated as: “how he has shown mercy to you” or “that he has been merciful to you.” +32:12 hpr3 heard his story 1 This could mean ‘heard the man tell what had happened to him.’ +32:13 pcjc Jesus returned to the other side of the lake 1 It is implied that the disciples were with Jesus. This can be clearly stated: “Jesus and his disciples returned to the other side of the lake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +32:13 iiyi pressed in on him 1 This could mean ‘pushed tightly against him’ or ‘crowded in tightly around him.’ +32:13 slsz In the crowd was a woman 1 This introduces the woman as a new character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) +32:13 c2ce a bleeding problem 1 The woman did not have an open wound; rather, her monthly flow of blood would not stop. Your language may have a polite way to refer to this condition. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +32:13 rarc she only got worse 1 This could mean ‘her condition only got worse’ or ‘ her health got worse instead of better’ or ‘instead she became more sick.’ +32:14 jtir I’m sure that if I can just touch Jesus’ clothes, then I will be healed too! 1 She said this to herself before she touched Jesus’ garment. This tells why she touched Jesus’ garment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]]) +32:14 ph1x if I can just touch Jesus’ clothes 1 According to Jewish law, she was not supposed to touch anyone. She touches his clothes so that Jesus’ power would heal her and yet (she thought) he would not know that she touched him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +32:14 akfo I will be healed 1 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “it will heal me” or “his power will heal me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +32:15 nu8w power had gone out from him 1 This may be translated as: “healing power had flowed from him into someone else” or “his power had healed someone.” Jesus did not lose any power because of this. +32:15 ni4r he turned around and asked, “Who touched me?” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “he turned around and asked who touched him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +32:15 rte6 Why did you ask, ‘Who touched me?’ 1 This is a quotation within a quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Why did you ask who touched you?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) +32:16 m3ab fell on her knees 1 This could mean ‘quickly knelt down.’ She knelt down before Jesus as an act of honor and submission. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) +32:16 yw90 before Jesus 1 This could mean ‘in front of Jesus.’ +32:16 gowt shaking and very afraid 1 This could mean ‘shaking with fear’ or ‘trembling because she was afraid.’ +32:16 hwcl Your faith has healed you 1 Here **faith** is an abstract noun. This could also be translated as: “God has healed you because you trusted in him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +32:16 gtak Go in peace 1 People spoke this traditional blessing when they left each other. Other languages may say something similar such as: “Go well” or “Go with God” or “Peace.” Other ways of translating it could be: “May you have peace as you go” or “Go and know that all is well between us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +32:16 ao7r A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +33:intro yde8 The Story of the Farmer 1 This title can also be translated as: “About a farmer who planted some seed” or “What happened when a farmer planted some seed?” +33:1 vlho One day 1 This phrase introduces an event that happened in the past, but does not state the specific time. Many languages have a similar way to begin telling a true story. +33:2 k6pl this story 1 The story is in the form of a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) +33:2 pqdq spreading the seed by hand 1 This could mean ‘throwing the seed on the soil’ or ‘covering all of his crop soil with seed.’ This is the way that farmers in the ancient Middle East typically planted grain-bearing crops. +33:3 tetf General Information 1 Jesus continues the story. +33:3 euk2 the rocky ground 1 This could mean ‘ground that was full of rocks.’ +33:4 gqrv General Information 1 Jesus continues the story. +33:4 l4zy choked it out 1 This can also be translated as: “overshadowed it” or “crowded it out.” +33:4 ngsw the thorny ground 1 This could mean ‘the ground that was covered with thorny bushes.’ +33:5 opfp General Information 1 Jesus continues the story. +33:5 ovgi good soil 1 This could mean ‘fertile soil’ or ‘soil that was good for growing plants.’ +33:5 d00v 30, 60, or even 100 times 1 This can be written in words: “thirty, sixty, or even one hundred times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +33:6 zxhf This story confused the disciples. 1 This could mean ‘The disciples did not understand this story.’ +33:6 w0xj The seed is the word of God 1 The **word** represents God’s message. Sowing the message represents teaching it. Alternate translation: “The sowing of the seed is teaching people God’s message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +33:6 dsw9 The path is a person who hears God’s word, but does not understand it 1 The **path** represents the person who hears God’s word. Alternate translation: “The path is like the person who hears God’s message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +33:6 hutj is a person 1 This comparison can also be translated as: “is like a person” or “represents a person” or “refers to a person” or “is speaking about a person.” +33:6 u1hf takes the word away from him 1 This may also be translated as: “takes God’s word away, causing him to forget it” or “steals the word from his heart so he won’t believe it and be saved.” You may also add the following: ‘just as birds eat up the seed that falls on a path.’ +33:7 klp3 General Information 1 Jesus continues to explain the story. +33:7 q48p The rocky ground is a person who hears God’s word and accepts it with joy 1 The **rocky ground** represents the person who hears and accepts God’s word for a short time. Alternate translation: “The rocky ground is like the person who hears God’s message and accepts it with joy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +33:7 bnty The rocky ground 1 See how you translated this term in [33:03](33/03). +33:7 k2y7 is a person 1 See how you translated this comparison in [33:06](33/06). +33:7 ahsh accepts it with joy 1 This metaphor speaks of believing God’s word as accepting it. Alternate translation: “joyfully believes it” or “joyfully agrees that it is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +33:7 a131 he suffers hardships, or when other people make him suffer 1 It may be helpful to explain that tribulation comes because people believe God’s message. Alternate translation: “he suffers because he believe God’s message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +33:7 excn falls away 1 This could mean ‘no longer follows God or obeys him’ or ‘stops following or obeying God.’ +33:8 fy7n General Information 1 Jesus continues to explain the story. +33:8 gju8 The thorny ground is a person who hears God’s word 1 The **thorny ground** represents the person who hears God’s word, but then ignores it. Alternate translation: “The thorny ground is like the person who hears God’s message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +33:8 rjvv The thorny ground 1 See how you translated this term in [33:04](33/04). +33:8 hquv is a person 1 See how you translated this comparison in [33:06](33/06). +33:8 hkcj He is like wheat stalks 1 Jesus speaks of the person as if he is like stalks of wheat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +33:8 snd9 do not produce any grain 1 This could mean ‘do not produce spiritual fruit’ or ‘do not behave in a way that shows God’s Spirit is working in him.’ +33:8 l95z grain 1 Jesus speaks of a person’s good works as if they were grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +33:9 w01v General Information 1 Jesus continues to explain the story. +33:9 affc the seed in the good soil is a person who hears the word of God, believes it, and produces fruit 1 The **seed in the good soil** represents the person who hears and believes God’s word, and produces fruit as a result. Alternate translation: “The seed in the good soil is like the person who hears and understand God’s message, and then produces fruit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +33:9 iein the good soil 1 See how you translated this term in [33:05](33/05). +33:9 kpme is a person 1 See how you translated this comparison in [33:06](33/06). +33:9 rn5x produces fruit 1 This could mean ‘produces spiritual fruit’ or ‘behaves in a way that shows God’s Spirit is working in him.’ +33:9 ql63 fruit 1 Jesus speaks of a person’s good works as if they were fruit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +33:9 kcid A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +34:intro e7o3 Jesus Teaches Other Stories 1 This title can also be translated as: “About other stories that Jesus taught” or “What other stories did Jesus teach?” +34:1 sb1j stories 1 Jesus used these stories as parables to teach truths about God’s kingdom. It is not clear if the events actually happened or not. If your language has a term that includes both fictional and real stories, you should use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) +34:1 higf The kingdom of God is like a mustard seed 1 This simile speaks of the kingdom of God as if it were a mustard seed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +34:1 klsw the mustard seed is the smallest seed of all 1 Mustard seeds were the smallest seeds known to the original hearers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +34:1 g96q a mustard seed 1 This probably refers to the seed of the black mustard plant, which has tiny seeds that rapidly grow into very large plants. If there is a word for this plant in your language, you should use it. If not, you may need to substitute the name of another plant which has the same characteristics. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +34:1 ukaj the smallest seed of all 1 That means the smallest of all the seeds that people plant. +34:2 n3eb General Information 1 Jesus continues the story. +34:2 lw0c the mustard seed 1 See how you translated this term in [34:01](34/01). +34:2 i0zu grows 1 You may want to add: “into a mature plant.” +34:2 bd4g the garden plants 1 This can also be translated as: “the plants that would be planted in a garden.” +34:2 d22d rest in 1 This may also be translated as: “sit on” or “perch on.” +34:3 i9dn story 1 The story is in the form of a parable. See how you translated **story** in [34:01](34/01). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) +34:3 kint The kingdom of God is like yeast 1 The kingdom of God is spoken of as if it were yeast that is mixed into dough. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +34:3 z84k yeast 1 This can also be translated as: “leaven” or “the little bit of leaven.” It is added to bread dough to make it rise. A little bit of yeast mixed into a large amount of dough makes the whole batch of dough rise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +34:3 j8qh bread dough 1 This is a mixture of flour and liquid that can be shaped and baked into bread. If you do not have words for dough or flour, you can borrow a word for flour or call it ‘ground-up grain.’ +34:3 olka it spreads throughout the dough 1 This could mean ‘every part of the dough has yeast in it’ or ‘the yeast grows throughout all the dough.’ +34:4 yeho General Information 1 Jesus told another story. +34:4 vbog The kingdom of God is also like treasure 1 The kingdom of God is spoken of as if it were a hidden treasure in a field. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +34:4 tfv1 treasure 1 This means something that is very valuable. +34:4 a9xz buried it again 1 It is also possible to add: “so that no one else would find it.” +34:4 v0ek filled with joy 1 Other ways to say this are: “very happy” or “excited.” +34:4 wqvu so he could buy that field where the treasure was 1 The implied information is that the person buys the field to take possession of the hidden treasure. This can be clearly stated: “so he could buy that field to make the treasure his own.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +34:5 fuij General Information 1 Jesus continues with another story about the kingdom of God. +34:5 pke5 The kingdom of God is also like a perfect pearl of great value 1 The kingdom of God is spoken of as if it were a perfect pearl that was worth a lot of money. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +34:5 h206 a perfect pearl 1 This means ‘a pearl without any defects.’ +34:5 jrxk a pearl 1 If pearls are unknown, this can be translated as: “a beautiful stone” or “a beautiful stone-like thing.” +34:5 wztw of great value 1 This could mean ‘that was very valuable’ or ‘that was worth a lot of money.’ +34:5 q8lj a pearl merchant 1 This could mean ‘a pearl dealer’ or ‘a pearl trader.’ This refers to a person whose business is buying and selling pearls. +34:6 pr8z Jesus told them this story 1 Jesus told this story in the form of a parable. It may or may not refer to an event that actually happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) +34:6 p83e story 1 See how you translated this term in [34:01](34/01). +34:6 zvoa despised others 1 This could mean ‘considered other people to be inferior to them’ or ‘looked down on other people.’ +34:6 i35q a tax collector & a religious leader 1 Religious leaders thought that they themselves were the best examples of righteous good people, and they thought that tax collectors were the most unrighteous sinners. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +34:7 rvnz General Information 1 Jesus continues the story. +34:7 n2cy The religious leader prayed like this, ‘Thank you, God, that I am not a sinner like other men—such as robbers, unjust men, adulterers, or even like that tax collector over there.’ 1 This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “The religious leader prayed and thanked God that he was not a sinner like other men—such as robbers, unjust men, adulterers, or even like the tax collector.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) +34:7 phgz The religious leader prayed like this 1 Other ways to say this are: “This is how the religious leader prayed” or “The religious leader prayed in this way.” +34:7 on5e I am not a sinner like 1 This could mean ‘I am not sinful like’ or ‘I am righteous, not like.’ +34:7 k1s3 such as robbers, unjust men, adulterers, or even like that tax collector 1 The Pharisees believed that tax collectors were as sinful as robbers, unrighteous people, and adulterers. This could be made explicit. Alternate translation: “and I am certainly not like this sinful tax collector who cheats people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +34:7 zn36 unjust men 1 This could mean ‘men who are not righteous’ or ‘people who do evil things’ or ‘law breakers.’ +34:8 isnw General Information 1 Jesus continues to tell of the religious leader’s prayer. +34:8 kl1z ‘For example, I fast two times every week and I give you ten percent of all the money and goods that I receive.’ 1 This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “‘The religious leader said he fasted fast two times every week and gave God ten percent of all the money and goods that he received.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) +34:8 kvvk I fast 1 The religious ruler believed that doing this would earn favor with God. +34:8 paqc ten percent 1 This means one-tenth. +34:9 svw7 General Information 1 Jesus continues the story. +34:9 l8kf stood far away 1 This can also be translated as: “stood at a distance” or “stayed separate.” +34:9 qosx did not even look up to heaven 1 The word **up** indicates that people normally looked up to heaven when praying to God, but that this man did not because he was so ashamed of his sin. +34:9 ccf1 he pounded on his chest with his fist 1 This could also be translated as: “because of his grief, he hit his chest with his fist” or “he pounded his chest in sorrow.” If people would find this hard to understand because they beat their chest for other reasons, you could translate this as: “he showed his despair.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) +34:9 xgfo and prayed, ‘God, please be merciful to me because I am a sinner.’ 1 This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “and prayed and begged God to be merciful to him because he was a sinner.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) +34:10 crun declared him to be righteous 1 This could mean ‘considered him to be a righteous person.’ Even though the tax collector was a sinner, God was merciful to him because of his humility and repentance. +34:10 zibl will dishonor 1 This could also be translated as: “will give a lower status to” or “will cause to not be important.” It could be translated figuratively as: “will bring down.” +34:10 dzwa will honor 1 This could mean ‘will give a higher position to.’ +34:10 prwr humbles himself 1 This could mean ‘chooses to behave in a humble way’ or ‘has a humble attitude about himself.’ +34:10 hg0f A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +35:intro mi21 The Story of the Compassionate Father 1 This title can also be translated as: “About a father who had compassion on his son” or “What happened when a father had compassion on his son?” +35:1 krov One day 1 This phrase introduces an event that happened in the past, but does not state the specific time. Many languages have a similar way to begin telling a true story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +35:1 vlnv tax collectors 1 Tax collectors were considered to be the worst of sinners because often they stole money from people by collecting a higher tax than the government required and keeping the difference for themselves. +35:2 f28j story 1 Jesus used this story to teach truths about God’s kingdom. It is not clear if the events actually happened or not. If your language has a term that includes both fictional and real stories, you should use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) +35:3 itd4 General Information 1 Jesus tells the story. +35:3 rsib There was a man 1 This introduces a new character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) +35:3 w453 told his father, ‘Father, I want my inheritance now!’ 1 This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “told his father that he wanted his inheritance right away!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) +35:3 fc8x I want my inheritance now! 1 The son said this to emphasize that he was not willing to wait until after his father died in order to receive his inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +35:3 tso9 my inheritance 1 This could be translated as: “the part of your wealth that will be rightfully mine when you die.” +35:3 z285 property 1 This could mean ‘wealth’ or ‘possessions.’ This property would probably have included land, animals, and money. +35:4 rjsn General Information 1 Jesus continues the story. +35:4 hydp wasted his money 1 This could mean ‘spent all his money without getting anything of value in exchange.’ In some languages it can be translated as: “threw his money away” or “ate all his money.” +35:4 qesc sinful living 1 This could mean ‘doing sinful things.’ +35:5 q7w6 General Information 1 Jesus continues the story. +35:5 s4cq a severe famine occurred 1 This could mean ‘there was very little food.’ In some languages this might be translated as: “there was a severe famine.” +35:5 mwr3 no money to buy food 1 Because of the famine, food was very expensive, and he had already spent all of his money. +35:5 cgue job 1 This refers to work that he would do for someone else in exchange for money. If this is not clear, this sentence could start with: “So in order to earn some money, he took the only job.” +35:5 ta0t feeding pigs 1 This could mean ‘giving food to pigs.’ This would have been considered as one of the lowest jobs in society at this time. If your language has a certain word for low status jobs, use that word. +35:6 j0j3 General Information 1 Jesus continues the story. +35:6 fhb8 said to himself, ‘What am I doing? All my father’s servants have plenty to eat, and yet here I am starving. I will go back to my father and ask to be one of his servants.’ 1 This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “asked himself what he was doing! All his father’s servants have plenty to eat, and yet he was there starving. He decided to go back to his father and ask to be one of his father’s servants.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) +35:6 nykr What am I doing? 1 The son isn’t really asking a question, so some languages will have to translate this as a statement. Alternate translation: “Why am I living like this?” or “I should not be living like this!” or “It doesn’t make sense for me to live like this.” +35:7 b20j General Information 1 Jesus continues the story. +35:7 axlx still far away 1 This can also be translated as: “within sight of his father’s home, but still a distance away.” The son was getting close to his father’s house but was still far enough away that most people in the house would not have seen him. Make sure it does not sound like he was still in a different country. +35:7 wipt felt compassion 1 This could mean ‘felt deep love and pity.’ +35:7 ei7s hugged him and kissed him 1 The father did this to show his son that he loved him and was glad that the son was coming home. If people think that it is strange or wrong for a man to embrace or hug and kiss his son, you can substitute a way that men in your culture show affection to their sons. Alternate translation: “welcomed him affectionately” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +35:8 j8us General Information 1 Jesus continues the story. +35:8 dv54 said, ‘Father, I have sinned against God and against you. I am not worthy to be your son.’ 1 This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “told his father that he had sinned against God and against his father, and was not worthy to be his son.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) +35:8 bqxv sinned against God and against you 1 This could be translated as: “sinned against God, and I have also sinned against you.” +35:8 lfr0 I am not worthy 1 It is also possible to say: “So I am not worthy” or “As a result, I am not worthy.” +35:9 rpvp General Information 1 Jesus continues the story. +35:9 rys5 servants, ‘Go quickly and bring the best clothes and put them on my son! Put a ring on his finger and put sandals on his feet. Then kill the best calf so we can have a feast and celebrate, because my son was dead, but now he is alive! He was lost, but now we have found him!’ 1 This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “servants to go quickly and bring the best clothes and put them on his son, and to put a ring on his finger and put sandals on his feet! He also told him to kill the best calf so they could have a feast and celebrate, because his son was dead, but now he is alive! He was lost, but now he had found him!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) +35:9 ermm Put a ring on his finger 1 A ring was a sign of authority that men wore on one of their fingers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) +35:9 dm31 put sandals on his feet 1 Wealthy people of that time wore sandals. However, in many cultures the modern equivalent would be ‘shoes.’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +35:9 a9yh the best calf 1 This could also be translated as: “the fattest calf.” This was the calf that had been fattened so that, when cooked, it would taste the best. +35:9 r8yb my son was dead, but now he is alive! 1 This metaphor speaks of the son being gone as if he were lost. This could mean ‘This is like my son was dead and is alive again!’ or ‘I grieved as if my son had died, but now I rejoice because it is as if he has come back to life!’ The father is using this expression to show how happy he is that his son has come home. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +35:9 ohoa He was lost, but now we have found him! 1 This metaphor speaks of the son being gone as if he were lost. This could mean ‘This is like my son was lost and I have found him again!’ or ‘I grieved as if my son were lost, but now I rejoice because it is as if I have found him again!’ The father is using this expression to show how happy he is that his son has come home. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +35:10 hpsa General Information 1 Jesus continues the story. +35:10 vebc Before long 1 This can also be translated as: “Soon” or “After a little while.” +35:11 ksi6 General Information 1 Jesus continues the story. +35:12 vwjq General Information 1 Jesus continues the story. +35:12 dbre All these years I have worked faithfully for you! 1 The son said this to his father to emphasize that he thought his father was treating him unfairly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +35:12 p8q1 one small goat 1 A small goat would have fed fewer people than the best calf, and would not be valued as much. The older brother is complaining that his father was treating the sinful younger son better than him. +35:12 b1h9 this son of yours 1 This expression shows that the older son was angry. It shows his rejection of his younger brother and his disapproval of his father for welcoming back this wayward son. Other languages may also have an indirect way of communicating these things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +35:12 e2k0 wasted your money 1 This could mean ‘squandered the money that you gave him’ or ‘devoured your wealth.’ If possible, use an expression that shows the brother’s anger. +35:12 u8gb killed the best calf 1 This could mean ‘killed the best calf to eat at a feast.’ +35:13 pq7n General Information 1 Jesus continues the story. +35:13 es8g it is right for us 1 This could mean ‘it is the right thing for us to do’ or ‘it is proper for us.’ +35:13 wbhr your brother 1 The father refers to his younger son as **your brother** to remind the older son of his relationship to the younger son and of how he should love his younger brother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +35:13 f919 was dead, but now is alive 1 See how you translated this in [35:09](35/09). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +35:13 w5z3 He was lost, but now we have found him! 1 See how you translated this in [35:09](35/09). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +35:13 t78d A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +36:intro wosa The Transfiguration 1 This title can also be translated as: “About when the disciples saw Jesus change before them” or “What happened when the disciples saw Jesus change before them?” +36:1 k18c One day 1 This phrase introduces an event that happened in the past, but does not state the specific time. Many languages have a similar way to begin telling a true story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +36:1 nxha James 1 This is a different James than the one who wrote the Book of James in the Bible. To make this clear, some languages may need to use two slightly different names or to spell them differently. +36:2 vjum his face became as bright as the sun 1 This simile emphasizes how bright Jesus’ appearance became. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +36:2 jg8y His clothes became as white as light 1 This simile emphasizes how white Jesus’ clothes became. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +36:2 y69r whiter 1 This could mean ‘more white.’ +36:3 ou8k appeared 1 It is also possible to say: “appeared out of nowhere.” They suddenly were there. +36:3 qg96 in Jerusalem 1 Some languages may prefer to say: “in the city of Jerusalem.” +36:4 axp2 It is good for us to be here 1 It is not clear whether **us** refers only to Peter, James, and John, or if it refers to everyone there, including Jesus, Elijah, and Moses. If you can translate so that both options are possible, do so. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +36:4 cls1 shelters 1 This can also be translated as: “lean-tos” or “garden huts” or “tents.” It refers to small, individual, temporary shelters like the Jews made from tree branches during an annual Jewish holiday. +36:4 dwj1 did not know what he was saying 1 This could mean ‘was speaking without understanding what was happening’ or ‘spoke without thinking clearly because he was so excited.’ This is background information about why Peter said what he did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +36:5 fzan a voice coming from the cloud. It said 1 Here **a voice** is a metonym that refers to someone who spoke. This can also be translated as: “a voice spoke from the cloud saying” or “God spoke from the cloud and said.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +36:5 bz8t my Son 1 This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) +36:5 w0lx Listen to him 1 This could be translated as: “He is the one you must listen to.” +36:5 mjlo terrified 1 This could mean ‘extremely scared.’ +36:5 kdvc fell on the ground 1 This could mean ‘quickly bowed to the ground’ or ‘immediately got down on the ground.’ Make sure the translation of **fell** does not sound like an accident. They probably did this intentionally out of awe and fear. +36:6 wh9d touched them 1 This could mean ‘put his hand on them.’ Some languages may prefer to specify where he touched them. If so, this could be translated as: “he touched them on the shoulder” or “he put his hand on each one’s shoulder.” +36:6 qtrd said, “Do not be afraid. Get up.” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “told them not to be afraid, and to get up.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +36:6 zpqz Do not be afraid 1 This could also be translated as: “Stop being afraid.” +36:6 jcjb Get up 1 This could also be translated as: “Stand up” or “Please get up.” Make sure that it sounds like Jesus spoke this with kindness. +36:6 kotk the only one still there was Jesus 1 It is also possible to add: “Moses and Elijah had left.” +36:7 dy9y A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +37:intro s94v Jesus Raises Lazarus from the Dead 1 This title can also be translated as: “About how Jesus made Lazarus alive again” or “How did Jesus make Lazarus alive again?” +37:1 m2lx There was a man named Lazarus. He had two sisters named Mary and Martha. They were all close friends of Jesus. 1 This introduces Lazarus and his sisters as new characters in the story, and also provides background information about their relationship to Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) +37:1 nw8y One day 1 This phrase introduces an event that happened in the past, but does not state the specific time. Many languages have a similar way to begin telling a true story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +37:1 hlou Mary 1 Jesus’ mother was also named Mary. This was a different woman. +37:1 juwe This sickness will not end with Lazarus dying 1 This can also be translated as: “The final result of this sickness will not be the death of Lazarus” or “Lazarus is sick, but death is not the final result of this sickness.” Jesus’ disciples probably thought this meant that Lazarus would not die. But Jesus knew that, although Lazarus would die from his sickness, he would live in the end. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +37:2 p2cu Jesus loved his friends 1 This is background information about Jesus’ relationship to Lazarus and his sisters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +37:2 q8nw but he waited where he was for two days 1 This could be translated as: “but he stayed where he was for two days, even though they wanted him to go and heal Lazarus.” +37:2 pas7 just a short time ago the people there wanted to kill you! 1 The disciples said this to emphasize the great danger Jesus faced if he went to Judea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +37:2 kt3l Judea 1 This refers to the southern section of Israel, which was settled by the tribe of Judah. Some languages will prefer to say: “the region of Judea.” +37:2 q9r3 has fallen asleep 1 This is an idiom that means Lazarus has died. Translate this phrase with the normal word for **asleep** in your language. Although Jesus was using this word with a different meaning, the disciples did not understand that yet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +37:2 wmdu I must wake him 1 Here **wake** is an idiom that means Jesus would make Lazarus alive again. Translate this phrase with the normal word for **wake** in your language. Although Jesus was using this word with a different meaning, the disciples did not understand that yet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +37:3 t37f he will get better 1 The disciples intended this in the sense of: ‘there is no reason for us to go to him now, since he will get well.’ +37:3 j4bz I am glad 1 This could be translated as: “I am happy” or “It is good that.” It does not mean he was happy that Lazarus died, but rather that he was happy that God was going to show how great he is. +37:4 ynbw When Jesus arrived at Lazarus’ hometown, Lazarus had already been dead for four days 1 This is background information about the setting and about what has happened before Jesus arrived. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +37:4 ryph Martha 1 Martha was the sister of Lazarus and Mary (See: [37:01](37/01)). +37:4 xr5g went out to meet Jesus 1 This could mean ‘went to meet Jesus as he was coming into the town.’ +37:4 s2vm if only you had been here, my brother would not have died 1 Martha is stating a hypothetical situation—what could have happened if Jesus had not waited for Lazarus to die before he came. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +37:4 go22 my brother would not have died 1 This could mean ‘you would have healed my brother and he would not have died’ or ‘you could have prevented my brother from dying.’ +37:4 pdp6 will give you whatever you ask from him 1 This could mean ‘will do whatever you ask him to do.’ +37:5 wawg I am the Resurrection and the Life 1 This is one of several very powerful **I am **statements in which Jesus says something about his essential nature. In this one, Jesus indicates that he is the provider or source of resurrection and life. If possible, translate this phrase in a way that makes it clear that this is his essential nature. This can also be translated as: “I am the one who resurrects people and causes them to live.” +37:5 b0k4 will live, even though he dies. 1 This could mean ‘will live forever, even though he dies.’ The English word, **he** does not only refer to men. Women who believe in Jesus will also live forever. +37:5 e7h2 will never die 1 This can also be translated as: “will live forever.” +37:5 dap8 Martha 1 Martha was the sister of Lazarus and Mary (See: [37:01](37/01)). +37:5 aaja the Son of God 1 This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) +37:6 azc4 Mary 1 This was the same woman as in [37:01](37/01), not the mother of Jesus. +37:6 la9t fell at the feet of Jesus 1 This could mean ‘knelt down at Jesus’ feet’ as a sign of respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) +37:6 gpn2 if only you had been here, my brother would not have died 1 Mary is stating a hypothetical situation—what could have happened if Jesus had not waited for Lazarus to die before he came. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +37:6 do88 my brother would not have died 1 This could mean ‘you could have kept my brother from dying’ or ‘you could have prevented my brother’s death’ or ‘my brother would still be alive.’ +37:7 q346 The tomb was a cave with a stone rolled in front of its opening 1 This is background information about the tomb where they had buried Lazarus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +37:7 cp1p he told them, “Roll the stone away.” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “he told them to roll the stone away.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +37:7 gec9 he told them 1 This could mean ‘he told the men there.’ He was probably not telling Mary and Martha to roll the stone away. +37:7 o8cm Roll the stone away 1 Some languages may prefer to say: “Roll the stone away from the opening of the tomb.” +37:7 hboq Martha 1 Martha was the sister of Lazarus and Mary (See: [37:01](37/01)). +37:7 yo6j He has been dead for four days 1 This could also be translated as: “He died four days ago and his body is lying there.” +37:8 ag9j Did I not tell you that you would see God’s power if you believe in me? 1 This could mean ‘Remember that I told you that you would see God’s power if you believe in me.’ Jesus is not asking this question in order to get an answer, so some languages should translate this as a command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +37:8 c7he see God’s power 1 This could mean ‘see the power of God displayed’ or ‘see God show how powerful he is.’ +37:8 k7xb rolled the stone away 1 Some languages should say: “rolled the stone away from the opening of the tomb.” +37:9 f51d Father 1 This is an important title for God the Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) +37:9 j6q1 hearing me 1 This could mean ‘listening to me.’ It may be helpful to add: “as I pray to you” or “when I talk to you.” +37:9 srog Lazarus, come out! 1 Jesus used this exclamation as a strong command to Lazarus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +37:9 canv come out 1 Some languages may prefer to say: “come out of the tomb.” +37:10 n4mt Lazarus came out! 1 This exclamation emphasizes the shocking fact that Lazarus, who had been dead, walked out of the tomb. Some languages should say: “Lazarus came out of the tomb!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +37:10 qo22 He was still wrapped in grave clothes 1 This background information about Lazarus wearing grave clothes makes clear that Lazarus went directly from being dead to walking out of the tomb at Jesus’ command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +37:10 jzps grave clothes 1 This could mean ‘burial clothes.’ This can also be translated as: “burial bandages” or “strips of cloth.” +37:10 elhg Many of the Jews believed in Jesus because of this miracle 1 This sentence tells us what happened after Jesus raised Lazarus from the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +37:10 gczy because of this miracle 1 This could mean ‘because God had done this amazing miracle’ or ‘because Jesus had made Lazarus come alive again.’ +37:11 u4lv envied 1 This could mean ‘were envious of Jesus’ power and popularity’ or ‘envious that so many Jews were believing in Jesus.’ +37:11 xgd2 gathered together 1 This could mean ‘met together’ or ‘joined together.’ This was a not a casual meeting, but a meeting for a specific purpose–to plan how to kill Jesus. +37:11 lubz A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +38:intro pzee Jesus Is Betrayed 1 This title can also be translated as: “About when Judas betrayed Jesus” or “How did Judas betray Jesus?” +38:1 odl8 Every year, the Jews celebrated the Passover. This was a celebration of how God had saved their ancestors from slavery in Egypt many centuries earlier. 1 This is background information about the Jewish Passover. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +38:1 l9wg many centuries earlier 1 This could mean ‘hundreds of years earlier’ or ‘a very long time before.’ +38:1 bbwa About three years after Jesus first began preaching and teaching publicly, Jesus told his disciples that he wanted to celebrate this Passover with them in Jerusalem, and that he would be killed there. 1 This is background information about why Jesus was in Jerusalem in the Passover, and what would happen to him there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +38:2 ysl9 One of Jesus’ disciples was a man named Judas. Judas was in charge of the apostles’ moneybag, but he often stole money out of the bag. After Jesus and the disciples arrived in Jerusalem, Judas went to the Jewish leaders. He offered to betray Jesus by identifying him to the authorities in exchange for money. He knew that the Jewish leaders did not accept that Jesus was the Messiah. He knew that they wanted to kill him. 1 This is background information about Judas and his arrangement to betray Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +38:2 s65y in charge of the apostles’ moneybag 1 This could mean ‘responsible to hold the apostles’ money’ or ‘responsible to hold the bag that had the disciples’ money in it and to distribute funds from it.’ +38:3 ni70 The Jewish leaders, led by the high priest, paid Judas 30 silver coins to betray Jesus by handing him over to them. This happened just as the prophets said it would. Judas agreed, took the money, and went away. He began looking for an opportunity to help them arrest Jesus. 1 This is background information about the money Judas received to betray Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +38:3 dvsn 30 silver coins 1 Each of these coins were worth about four days’ wages. +38:4 ngb3 celebrated 1 This could mean ‘was celebrating.’ +38:4 i5p5 took some bread 1 This could be translated as: “picked up a piece of bread” or “picked up a flat loaf of bread.” +38:4 wel0 broke it 1 This means that he broke the bread into pieces for the people to eat. Alternate translation: “broke it into pieces” or “ripped it” or “tore it.” He may have divided it into many pieces or he may have divided it into two pieces and given them to the apostles to divide among themselves. If possible, use an expression that would apply to either situation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +38:4 aieh This is my body 1 Though most understand this to mean that the bread is a symbol of Jesus’ body and that it is not actual flesh, it is best to translate this statement literally. Possible meanings are 1. “This bread is my body” and 2. “This bread represents my body.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) +38:4 euwd Do this to remember me 1 This could mean ‘Do this as a way to remind yourselves of what I am doing for you.’ Jesus was referring to his death, which would happen soon. +38:5 fwjx Drink this 1 This could mean ‘Drink what is in this cup’ or ‘Drink from this cup.’ The drink in the cup was made from grapes so that it had a deep red color. +38:5 jv1v It is my blood 1 Though most understand this to mean that the wine is a symbol of Jesus’ blood and that it is not actual blood, it is best to translate this statement literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) +38:5 wjkk blood of the New Covenant 1 This could be translated as: “blood that makes the New Covenant possible” or “blood that is the basis for the New Covenant.” +38:5 tino I will pour out 1 This could be translated as: “I will bleed out.” +38:5 bk4o remember me 1 This could mean ‘celebrate me’ or ‘commemorate me.’ It could also be translated as: “especially focus on me” or “remind you of me.” +38:6 q31l said to the disciples, “One of you will betray me.” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “told his disciples that one of them would betray him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +38:6 d1u6 said, “The person to whom I give this piece of bread is the betrayer.” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “said that the person to whom he would give the piece of bread was the betrayer.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +38:6 zsab give this piece of bread 1 This could mean ‘hand this piece of bread.’ +38:6 dvam is the betrayer 1 This could also be translated as: “will betray me” or “is the one who will betray me.” +38:7 jawu Satan entered into him. 1 This could mean ‘Satan went into him’ or ‘Satan took control of him.’ +38:7 qgn2 Judas left and went 1 Some languages may prefer to say: “Judas left the meal and went” or “Judas left the room and went outside.” +38:8 w29t Mount of Olives 1 This is the name of a hill covered with olive trees, just outside the walls of the city of Jerusalem. It can also be translated as: “Olive Tree Hill.” +38:8 kxoz abandon me 1 This could mean ‘desert me’ or ‘leave me.’ +38:8 l9qp It is written 1 This could mean ‘It is written in God’s word’ or ‘It is written in the scriptures’ or ‘One of God’s prophets wrote.’ It is also possible to say: “What is written will happen” or “It will be like what is written.” This prophecy refers to Jesus’ death and his followers' desertion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +38:8 uzsg I will strike 1 This could mean ‘I will kill.’ Here **I** refers to God. It is implied that God will cause or allow people to harm and kill Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +38:8 f8ia the shepherd and all the sheep 1 Do not use Jesus’ name in this quote because the prophet who first wrote it would not have known the shepherd’s name. Also, do not refer to the sheep being the disciples. It is best to use words that mean **shepherd** and **sheep** in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +38:8 d0j6 all the sheep will be scattered 1 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will scatter all the sheep of the flock” or “the sheep of the flock will run off in all directions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +38:9 a4vl replied, “Even if all the others abandon you, I will not!” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “replied that even if all the others abandoned Jesus, he would not!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +38:9 w4cs Even if all the others abandon you, I will not! 1 Peter said this to emphasize that he would never abandon Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +38:9 vqgg Even if all the others abandon you 1 Peter is stating a hypothetical situation—the other disciples might abandon Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +38:9 wqn2 abandon you 1 Check to see how you translated this in [38:08](38/08). +38:9 fwqf I will not 1 This is an ellipse. The missing information can be stated: replied, “Even if all the others abandon you, I will not abandon you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +38:9 jupm to have all of you 1 This could mean ‘to completely control you’ or ‘to get you to serve him completely.’ The word **you** is plural in this phrase. All of the words **you** and **your** that follow are singular. +38:9 ljun that your faith will not fail 1 This could mean ‘that you will not stop believing in me.’ +38:9 apdq before the rooster crows 1 Roosters often crow about the time the sun comes up, so the hearers might have understood these words as a metonym for the sun coming up. However, the actual crowing of a rooster is an important part of the story later on, so keep the word **rooster** in the translation. Alternate translation: “Before the rooster crows at dawn tomorrow” or “before the rooster crows tomorrow morning.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +38:10 vahc said to Jesus, “Even if I must die, I will never deny you!” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “said to Jesus that even if he had to die, he would never deny Jesus!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +38:10 caiu deny you 1 This could mean ‘deny that I know you’ or ‘deny that I am your disciple’ or ‘disown you.’ +38:11 qfnx Then Jesus went with his disciples to a place called Gethsemane 1 This introduces a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +38:11 un6j a place called Gethsemane 1 This could be translated as: “a nearby place called Gethsemane” or “a place called Gethsemane at the foot of the Mount of Olives.” +38:11 xlgo they would not enter into temptation 1 This could be translated as: “they would not be tempted” or “Satan would not tempt them.” +38:11 ko9n by himself 1 This could be translated as: “alone.” +38:12 sqzc My Father 1 This is an important title for God the Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) +38:12 o8yq if it is possible 1 This means ‘if God would allow it to happen.’ Alternate translation: “if you will allow it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +38:12 zhjo drink this cup of suffering 1 Jesus speaks of the work that he must do, including dying on the cross, as if it were a bitter liquid that God has commanded him to drink from a cup. Alternate translation: “go through this suffering” or “suffer what is about to happen” or “endure this suffering.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +38:12 siud let your will be done 1 This expression means ‘do what you have planned’ or ‘do what needs to be done.’ +38:13 r9oz After each time of prayer 1 This could mean ‘Every time Jesus prayed that prayer.’ This refers to the three times he prayed, as mentioned in [38:12](38/12). +38:13 kl4w said, “Wake up! My betrayer is here.” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “told them to wake up, for his betrayer was there!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +38:14 q9cn Judas came with the Jewish leaders, soldiers, and a large crowd. They were carrying swords and clubs 1 This is background information about the people who came with Judas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +38:14 jfqa came to 1 Some languages may prefer to say: “went to.” +38:14 uz7u Greetings 1 This can also be translated as: “Hello” or “Peace” or “Good evening.” +38:14 xr4x kissed him 1 Good friends would kiss each other on the cheek, but a disciple would probably kiss his master on the hand to show respect. No one knows for sure how Judas kissed Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +38:14 dkvu are you betraying me with a kiss? 1 This could mean ‘are you really going to betray me with a kiss?’ Jesus is not looking for an answer to this question, so some languages would translate it as a statement, such as: “you are betraying me by kissing me!” or “you make your betrayal even worse by kissing me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +38:15 o35a pulled out his sword 1 This could mean ‘pulled out his sword from the place where he was carrying it.’ +38:15 fixn the Father & my Father 1 This is an important title for God the Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) +38:15 bjy5 I must obey my Father 1 This could mean ‘I won’t do that because I must obey my Father’s will and allow myself to be arrested.’ +38:15 uwjn A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +39:intro pqwq Jesus Is Put on Trial 1 This title can also be translated as: “About when the Jews judged Jesus” or “What happened when the Jews judged Jesus?” +39:1 gnzp It was now the middle of the night 1 This introduces a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +39:1 ijbv the middle of the night 1 This expression means ‘halfway through the night’ or ‘very late at night.’ +39:1 vgsq to question Jesus 1 This could mean ‘to ask Jesus questions to try to find something they could accuse Jesus of doing wrong.’ +39:2 er8g put Jesus on trial 1 This could be translated as: “had a formal meeting to accuse Jesus of doing something wrong.” Usually a trial is held to find out if someone is innocent or guilty of a certain crime. In this case, the leaders were determined to have Jesus found guilty. +39:2 n2nr lied about him 1 This could mean ‘told lies about him’ or ‘falsely accused him of doing something wrong.’ +39:2 rlg5 their statements did not agree with each other 1 This could be translated as: “they said things about Jesus that were very different from each other” or “the witnesses said things about Jesus that contradicted each other.” +39:2 w4j3 he was guilty of anything 1 This could mean ‘that he had done anything wrong.’ +39:3 h1pp Finally 1 This could mean ‘After they were unable to find any evidence against him’ or ‘After they were unable to prove that he was guilty.’ +39:3 ky9b the Son of the living God 1 This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) +39:4 gtb6 I am 1 This could mean ‘I am as you said’ or ‘I am the Messiah and the Son of God.’ **I am** is also the name of God (See: [09:14](09/14)). By saying simply **I am**, Jesus was also saying that he is God. If possible, translate this so that people will see a similarity between Jesus’ answer and the name of God. +39:4 asdn seated with God 1 This could be translated as: “reigning with God.” Because God is the ruler over all, people talk about him as sitting on a throne in heaven. By saying that he would be seated with God, Jesus claimed that he had authority to rule with the Father. +39:4 quw7 seated with God and coming from heaven 1 This could be translated as: “sitting beside God and then coming from heaven.” +39:4 o94e tore his clothes because he was angry 1 The Jews would tear their clothes to show grief or anger. If tearing the clothes means something else in your language, you may want to substitute a phrase such as “he was extremely angry.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) +39:4 mc4v We do not need any more witnesses to tell us what this man has done! 1 The high priest said this to emphasize the he thought they had already proved that Jesus was guilty of blasphemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +39:4 pmyv You yourselves 1 These pronouns are plural, and refer to all the members of the council. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) +39:4 bfw1 the Son of God 1 This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) +39:4 cvtm What is your decision about him? 1 This could mean ‘Tell us what have you decided: Is he innocent or guilty?’ The chief priest wanted the religious leaders to condemn Jesus for claiming to be equal with God. +39:5 k8lg He deserves to die! 1 The Jewish leaders said this to emphasize how angry they were with Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +39:5 ontw they blindfolded Jesus 1 You could translate this as: “they covered Jesus’ eyes so that he could not see.” +39:5 l65x spit on him 1 This could also be translated as: “spit on him to insult him” or “spit on him in order to say that he was worthless.” This was a way of showing contempt for someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) +39:6 xzyu You also were with Jesus! 1 The servant girl said this to accuse Peter of being a criminal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +39:6 lkuh denied it 1 This can be translated as: “said that it was not true” or “said that he was not with Jesus” or “said, ‘No. That is not true.’” +39:6 rtyg Peter denied it again 1 This could be translated as: “Peter denied knowing Jesus a second time” or “again Peter said he had not been with Jesus.” +39:6 ay4i We know that you were with Jesus because you both are from Galilee 1 The servant girl could probably tell Peter was from Galilee from the way he talked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +39:6 ki1l are from Galilee 1 This could also be translated as: “are Galileans.” The people could tell from the way Jesus and Peter talked that they came from the region of Galilee. +39:7 y0nx May God curse me if I know this man! 1 This is a curse that means ‘May God cause harm to me if what you say is true!’ or ‘May God punish me if I am lying to you!’ In this way Peter was saying very strongly that he did not know Jesus. He also referred to Jesus as **this man** to make it sound like he did not know him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +39:7 vjhz a rooster crowed 1 **Crowed** is the loud sound that a rooster makes. Compare how you translated this in [38:09](38/09). +39:8 hli9 cried bitterly 1 This could mean ‘cried, feeling deep sorrow’ or ‘cried, feeling deep regret.’ +39:8 hfu0 the one who had betrayed Jesus 1 This could mean ‘who had helped the leaders arrest Jesus.’ +39:8 jjb9 had condemned Jesus to die 1 This could mean ‘had said that Jesus was guilty and must die.’ +39:9 su24 He worked for Rome 1 The Roman government had appointed Pilate to govern the region of Judea in Israel. +39:9 fmzz condemn Jesus and kill him 1 As governor, Pilate had the authority to condemn Jesus to death and to give approval for his crucifixion, or he could set him free. The Jewish religious leaders did not have the authority to have someone killed. +39:9 l9t7 asked Jesus, “Are you the king of the Jews?” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “asked Jesus if he was the king of the Jews.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +39:10 jsmv my kingdom is not here on earth 1 This could mean ‘my kingdom is not like earthly kingdoms.’ +39:10 tmr3 my servants would fight for me 1 This could mean ‘my disciples would fight to protect me’ so that I could establish my kingdom. +39:10 bdr9 listens to me 1 This could be translated as: “hears my teaching and obeys me.” It includes not just hearing Jesus’ words, but also doing what he says. +39:10 rlmv What is truth? 1 This remark appears in the form of a question to reflect Pilate’s belief that no one really knows what truth is. Alternate translation: “Can anyone know what is true?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +39:11 b2dj He is not guilty 1 This could mean ‘He has done nothing wrong!’ +39:12 gq3c begin to riot 1 This could mean ‘start doing violent things in their anger.’ +39:12 rthe he agreed to have 1 Pilate did not want to kill Jesus because he believed that Jesus was innocent. But he was forced to tell his soldiers to crucify Jesus because of his fear of the crowd. If possible, translate this phrase in a way that shows his reluctance. +39:12 hpa8 put a royal robe and a crown made of thorns on him 1 They put the robe and crown on Jesus to mock him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) +39:12 kvnh a royal robe 1 This could mean ‘a robe like a king’s robe.’ This robe had a bright color, so it looked like the kind of robe that a king would wear. +39:12 fg0e a crown made of thorns 1 This could mean ‘a ring woven from thorns.’ A king would wear a crown of gold. +39:12 a1ep Look, the King of the Jews! 1 They were saying this to mock Jesus. They were calling Jesus “King of the Jews,” but they did not really believe he was a king. And yet what they were saying was true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +39:12 dxyg Look 1 This could mean ‘Look at’ or ‘Here is.’ +39:12 dx8y the King of the Jews 1 Since the soldiers were mocking Jesus, this could be translated as: “the so-called King of the Jews.” +39:12 jsvt A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +40:intro x435 Jesus Is Crucified 1 This title can also be translated as: “About how Jesus died on a cross” or “What happened when Jesus died on a cross?” +40:1 h3mf After the soldiers mocked Jesus, they led him away to crucify him 1 This introduces a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +40:1 tfdz led him away 1 This could mean ‘forced him to go with them.’ This could also be translated as: “took him away.” +40:1 vuuq to crucify him 1 This could mean ‘to kill him on a cross.’ +40:2 wz0p a place called ‘the Skull’ 1 This can be stated in active form: “a place that people called ‘the Skull’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +40:2 bd3p the Skull 1 This is a small escarpment near Jerusalem with a rocky, white face which looks somewhat like a skull. +40:2 u71m Father 1 This is an important title for God the Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) +40:2 iwe9 forgive them, because they do not know what they are doing 1 This could mean ‘they do not understand the meaning of what they are doing, so please forgive them.’ The soldiers thought Jesus was only a criminal who deserved to die. They did not understand that he was the Son of God. Alternate translation: “for they do not really know whom they are crucifying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +40:3 ywr6 the soldiers gambled for Jesus’ clothing 1 This could mean ‘played a game of chance to win Jesus’ clothes.’ We do not know how they did this, but in some cultures it could be translated as: “tossed stones on the ground to win Jesus’ clothing” or “chose sticks to decide who could take Jesus’ clothes.” The winner received his clothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +40:3 coqe they fulfilled a prophecy that said 1 This could mean ‘they did what the scriptures had long ago predicted would happen to the Messiah’ or ‘they did what a prophet wrote long ago.’ +40:4 agw5 two robbers 1 This could also be translated as: “two bandits.” This refers to criminals who used force or violence to steal things. +40:4 ql8b Do you not fear that God will punish you? 1 The robber does not expect an answer to this question; it is a way that some languages use to make a strong statement. If your language does not use questions in this way, then translate this as: “You should fear God!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +40:4 xyzi We are guilty of doing many bad things, but this man is innocent 1 This could be translated as: “You and I have done evil things and deserve to die, but this man, Jesus, has done nothing wrong and does not deserve to die.” +40:4 qmri We are guilty 1 **We** here includes both robbers, but does not include Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +40:4 wq87 this man 1 This phrase refers to Jesus. +40:4 zw1p Please remember me 1 This could mean ‘Please accept me’ or ‘Please welcome me’ or ‘Please allow me to be with you.’ **Remember** here does not mean to recall something after forgetting it. Translate this in a way that communicates a humble request. +40:4 t9ok in your kingdom 1 This is a metonym that refers to the time when Jesus will rule. Alternate translation: “when you establish your kingdom” or “when you are ruling as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +40:4 ccka Paradise 1 This is another name for ‘heaven.’ +40:5 czm0 If you are the Son of God, come down from the cross and save yourself! 1 The people were mocking Jesus. Alternate translation: “We do not believe you are the King of the Jews, but if you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +40:5 sya1 If you are the Son of God 1 The people were mocking Jesus, but he truly was the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +40:5 nxom the Son of God 1 This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) +40:5 myax believe you 1 This could mean ‘believe in you’ or ‘believe that you are the Messiah.’ +40:7 xoev It is finished! 1 This could also be translated as: “It is completed” or “I have finished it” or “I have completed the work.” This means that Jesus’ work of salvation was complete. +40:7 bylb Father 1 This is an important title for God the Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) +40:7 bahv I am giving my spirit into your hands 1 This statement is a metonym that refers to God’s care. Alternate translation: “I entrust my spirit to your care” or “I give my spirit to you, knowing you will care for it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +40:7 htj3 bowed his head 1 This could mean ‘lowered his head.’ +40:7 wyee gave up his spirit 1 This is a polite way to say that Jesus died. This could be translated as: “gave up his spirit to God” or “released his spirit to God and died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +40:7 s24z In the Temple, the large curtain that separated the people from the presence of God was torn in two 1 This can be stated in active form: “God tore in two the large curtain in the Temple that separated the people from his presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +40:7 dbk6 the large curtain 1 This was a large, strong fabric hung in the Temple. It was like a wall separating one room from another. It can also be translated as: “The thick curtain” or “The hanging fabric” or “The screen.” +40:8 voji Through his death 1 This could mean ‘By means of his death’ or ‘By dying.’ +40:8 ehxc opened the way 1 This could mean ‘made it possible.’ +40:8 kiuq come to God 1 This could mean ‘come near to God’ or ‘go near to God’ or ‘approach God’ or ‘know God personally.’ The tearing of the curtain showed that the barrier between God and people had been removed. +40:8 eukk the Son of God 1 This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) +40:9 icnd Then two Jewish leaders named Joseph and Nicodemus came 1 This introduces two new characters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) +40:9 kdet Joseph 1 This was not Mary’s husband. It was another man named Joseph. +40:9 v4sd They believed that Jesus was the Messiah 1 This is background information about two Jewish leaders who believed Jesus was the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +40:9 asjz asked Pilate for Jesus’ body 1 This could mean ‘asked Pilate to permit them to take Jesus’ body down from the cross.’ +40:9 tyxi A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +41:intro f1g8 God Raises Jesus from the Dead 1 This title can also be translated as: “About how God made Jesus alive again” or “How did God make Jesus alive again?” +41:1 w1o6 After the soldiers crucified Jesus 1 The connecting word **After** introduces a sequence of events. The Jewish leaders spoke to Pilate after he had had Jesus crucified. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) +41:1 fqyx That liar, Jesus, said 1 This could also be translated as: “That man, Jesus, lied and said.” They refused to believe that Jesus told the truth about being the Son of God. +41:1 kmtf rise from the dead 1 This could mean ‘come back to life’ or ‘become alive again.’ +41:1 ow3i If they do, they will say he has risen from the dead 1 The connecting word **If** introduces a hypothetical conditional relationship. The Jewish leaders thought that the disciples would only be able to say Jesus had risen from the dead if they were able to steal his body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]]) +41:2 ah4j Pilate said, “Take some soldiers and guard the tomb as well as you can.” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Pilate told them to take some soldiers and guard the tomb as well as they could.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +41:2 soxa they placed 1 This could mean ‘the religious leaders and the soldiers placed.’ +41:2 luep a seal on the stone 1 They put a soft material like clay or wax between the stone and the tomb and marked it with an official seal. If anyone moved the stone, the material would break and show that someone had entered the tomb. This could also be translated as: “a mark on the stone to forbid people from moving it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +41:3 xn5r No one could work on the Sabbath day 1 The Sabbath day rules did not permit a Jew to walk very far or to do any other kind of work. +41:3 nbr2 put more spices on his body 1 It was the custom of the Jews to wash the body and then wrap it with strong, pleasant smelling spices to prevent the dead body from smelling bad so quickly. This was also a sign of honor and devotion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +41:3 olxt spices 1 This refers to sweet-smelling spices that were placed on a dead body to cover the bad smell. This can also be translated as: “sweet-smelling spices” or “sweet-smelling oils” or “sweet-smelling plants.” +41:4 dubc Before the women arrived, there was a great earthquake at the tomb 1 The connecting word **Before** introduces a sequential clause. First there was the earthquake and appearance of the angel, and then the women arrived at the tomb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) +41:4 vz4e there was a great earthquake 1 This could also be translated as: “there was a violent earthquake” or “there was a forceful shaking of the ground.” Some languages may prefer to reword this as: “the ground began to shake violently.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +41:4 x6gd was shining as brightly as lightning 1 This could mean ‘whose appearance was as bright as lightning.’ +41:4 yyge fell to the ground like dead men 1 This is a simile that means the soldiers fell down and did not move, just like dead men do not move. They probably had fainted from fright. To make this clear, this could be translated as: “suddenly fell to the ground and did not move.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +41:5 y64e When the women arrived at the tomb, the angel told them 1 The word **When** introduces a simultaneous clause. The two events happened at the same time, the women arrived at the tomb and the angel spoke to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]]) +41:5 e2vx Do not be afraid 1 This could mean ‘Stop being afraid.’ An angel shining like lightning was a frightening sight! +41:5 si3r He has risen from the dead 1 This could be translated as: “He has come back to life.” +41:5 gyik His body was not there! 1 This exclamation emphasizes how surprised they were that the body of Jesus was no longer in the tomb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +41:6 omfu “Go and tell the disciples, ‘Jesus has risen from the dead and he will go to Galilee ahead of you.’” 1 This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “Go and tell the disciples that Jesus has risen from the dead and he will go to Galilee ahead of you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) +41:6 fa34 Go and tell the disciples 1 This is a command that the angel is giving to the women. +41:6 sv6p from the dead 1 This could mean ‘from among all those who have died.’ This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To rise from among them speaks of becoming alive again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) +41:6 rlot he will go to Galilee ahead of you 1 This could mean ‘he will meet you in Galilee’ or ‘he will be in Galilee when you get there.’ **You** here is plural, including the apostles and other disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) +41:7 hwef the good news 1 This can also be translated as: “the good news that Jesus was alive again.” This good news refers to the fact that Jesus had risen from the dead. +41:8 rn1s Do not be afraid. Go and tell my disciples 1 These are commands that Jesus is giving to the women. +41:8 q02w bowed down at his feet 1 They did this symbolic action to honor Jesus as they would expect to do in the presence of a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) +41:8 g5dt will see me 1 This could mean ‘will meet me’ or ‘can meet with me.’ +41:8 kreo A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +42:intro ezpr Jesus Returns to Heaven 1 This title can also be translated as: “About how Jesus went back to heaven” or “How did Jesus go back to heaven?” +42:1 fmsj They had hoped that he was the Messiah, but then he was killed 1 This connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. They thought the Messiah would reign as king of Israel. They did not expect him to die so they could not reconcile Jesus being Messiah with Jesus being crucified. His death was in contrast to their expectations for the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +42:2 jlc2 Jesus approached them and started walking with them, but they did not recognize him 1 The connecting word **but** indicates a contrast relationship. They knew Jesus well so you would expect them to recognize him, but they did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +42:2 mrbi did not recognize him 1 This could mean ‘did not know that it was Jesus.’ +42:2 urx1 all the things that had happened 1 This refers to the teaching and miracles of Jesus, his death, and the reports of his resurrection. +42:3 w5fk on the third day 1 Some languages may prefer to say: “on the third day after his death.” +42:4 axpd it was almost evening 1 This can also be translated as: “the day was ending” or “the sun was going down” or “it was starting to get dark.” +42:4 ig7j he disappeared from their sight 1 This could also be translated as: “he was gone” or “he was no longer there.” +42:5 id4r That was Jesus! 1 This exclamation emphasizes how shocked the disciples were to see Jesus alive again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +42:5 ddek they told the disciples, “Jesus is alive! We have seen him!” 1 This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “they told the disciples that Jesus was alive, and that they had seen him!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +42:5 xvi2 “Jesus is alive! 1 The two disciples used this exclamation to emphasize to the other disciples that Jesus was alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +42:5 s84t We have seen him!” 1 The two disciples used this exclamation to emphasize that they not only heard that Jesus was alive, but had personally see him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +42:6 h7p5 Peace to you 1 ‘May you have peace’ or ‘May God give you peace!’ The word **you** is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +42:6 s4qm a ghost 1 This refers to the spirit of a dead person. +42:6 n4cy Why are you afraid? 1 Jesus uses this rhetorical question to comfort them. Alternate translation: “Do not be frightened.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +42:6 clza Why do you not think it is really I, Jesus? 1 Jesus uses this rhetorical question to mildly rebuke them. Jesus was telling them not to doubt that he was alive. Alternate translation: “Do not doubt I am Jesus!” or “Stop doubting!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +42:7 y51b on the third day 1 This could mean ‘after three days’ or ‘three days later.’ +42:8 ql7u proclaim 1 This could mean ‘announce’ or ‘preach.’ +42:8 hnot If they repent, God will forgive their sins 1 The connecting word **If** introduces a hypothetical conditional relationship. If people repent, then God will forgive their sins. If they do not repent, then he will not forgive their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]]) +42:8 qyeu My disciples will proclaim this message starting in Jerusalem 1 This could mean ‘My disciples will begin doing this in Jerusalem’ or ‘My disciples will begin to proclaim these things in Jerusalem.’ +42:8 ettk You are witnesses of everything 1 This could mean ‘You will tell other people all the things that.’ +42:10 wsz2 you & You 1 Each instance of **you** in this frame is plural, and refers to all the disciples present. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +42:10 kp1r make disciples in all people groups 1 This could mean ‘help people from every people group become my disciples.’ +42:10 r9sp in the name of 1 Here **name** is a metonym that means both, ‘by the authority of’ and, ‘under the authority of.’ Consider translating the word **name** literally if it will be understood in this way in your language. This phrase can also be repeated as in, ‘in the name of the Father, in the name of the Son, and in the name of the Holy Spirit.’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +42:10 olb6 the Father, the Son 1 These are important titles for God the Father and for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) +42:10 k7fj Holy Spirit 1 This introduces the Holy Spirit as a new character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) +42:11 xd5r my Father 1 This is an important title for God the Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) +42:11 hss1 a cloud hid him from their sight 1 This could also be translated as: “he disappeared into a cloud.” +42:11 viir Jesus sat down in heaven at the right hand of God 1 To sit down was a symbolic act that indicated that Jesus’ work was completed. Furthermore, sitting at the right hand of God represents taking the place of honor beside him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) +42:11 pqja at the right hand of God 1 This could also be translated as: “at the right side of God.” +42:11 w5zt over all things 1 This could mean ‘over everything.’ +42:11 gyyt A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +43:intro upr3 The Church Begins 1 This title can also be translated as: “About how the Church began” or “How did the Church begin?” +43:1 b15k After Jesus returned to heaven, the disciples stayed in Jerusalem 1 The connecting word **After** introduces a sequential clause. First Jesus returned to heaven. Then the disciples waited in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) +43:1 a3nk After Jesus returned to heaven, the disciples stayed in Jerusalem 1 This introduces a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +43:1 r38h returned to heaven 1 This could mean ‘went back to heaven.’ +43:1 wy96 stayed in Jerusalem 1 This could mean ‘stayed in Jerusalem for a while.’ They didn’t stay there permanently. +43:2 pbqj Every year, 50 days after the Passover, the Jews celebrated an important day called Pentecost. Pentecost was a time when the Jews celebrated the wheat harvest. Jews came from all over the world to Jerusalem to celebrate Pentecost together. 1 This is background information about Pentecost. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +43:2 jcgj Pentecost 1 **Pentecost** means ‘fiftieth (day).’ You could use the word **Pentecost** in your translation and let the text explain the meaning. Or you could use a term that means ‘50th day.’ +43:2 qcrv celebrated the wheat harvest 1 The Jews would thank God for the wheat harvest by bringing offerings and celebrate by having special meals. Wheat is a grain crop; if you have no word that means **wheat**, you can use a more general word for grain. This happened in May; other crops were harvested at other times of the year. +43:2 kfl6 This year the time for Pentecost came about a week after Jesus had gone back to heaven. 1 This introduces a new event. It is now the Day of Pentecost, 50 days after Passover. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +43:2 s0am This year 1 This could mean ‘In the year that Jesus died.’ +43:3 pqol While the believers were all together 1 The word **While** introduces a simultaneous clause. The two events happened at the same time—the believers were together, and there was a sound like a strong wind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]]) +43:3 n07o a sound like a strong wind 1 This could mean ‘a noise that a strong wind makes’ or ‘the sound that the wind makes when it blows hard.’ +43:3 sl88 They were all filled with the Holy Spirit 1 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The Holy Spirit filled all of those who were there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +43:3 e1be filled with the Holy Spirit 1 This could mean ‘given ability by the Holy Spirit’ or ‘given power by the Holy Spirit.’ +43:3 ybc7 in other languages 1 This could be translated as: “in languages other than their own language” or “in foreign languages” or “as people from other places speak.” The believers did not know these languages until the Holy Spirit gave them the power to speak them. Make sure the word used to translate **languages** refers to languages people actually speak and understand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +43:4 jyhd a crowd 1 This could be translated as: “a crowd of people” or “a large group of people.” +43:5 gq24 But Peter stood up and said to them 1 The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. People said the disciples were drunk. But if they were drunk, you would not expect Peter to stand up and speak rationally and with authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +43:5 vvlp Listen to me! 1 Peter stated this command in order to cause the crowd to pay close attention to what he was going to tell them. +43:5 lar2 Joel 1 Joel was a prophet in Israel who lived hundreds of years before this happened. +43:5 y49s God said, ‘In the last days, I will pour out my Spirit.’ 1 This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “God said that in the last days, he would pour out his Spirit.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) +43:5 rx76 the last days 1 This refers to the final days before the end of the world. +43:5 c91i I will pour out my Spirit 1 Here **pour out** is an idiom that means to give generously and abundantly. Alternate translation: “I will give my Spirit abundantly to all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +43:5 e6zb my Spirit 1 This could mean ‘my Holy Spirit.’ +43:6 pc2i General Information 1 Peter continues preaching to the crowd. +43:6 zoat Men of Israel 1 For some languages, it is better to say: “People of Israel” for it to be clear that this included men and women. This could also be translated as: “My fellow people of Israel” or “My fellow Jews” to make it clear that Peter was also a Jew and belonged to the “people of Israel.” +43:6 gvyq But you crucified him! 1 Peter used this exclamation to strongly accuse the people in the crowd of murdering Jesus, the Messiah whom God had sent to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +43:6 f708 But you crucified him 1 The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. Jesus did many wonderful things, so you would expect people to recognize that he was sent from God. Instead, they crucified him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +43:6 xjyg you crucified him! 1 This could also be translated as: “you caused him to be crucified” or “because of you, he was crucified.” The Jews did not actually nail Jesus to the cross. However, the Jewish leaders caused him to be condemned and many of the people in the crowd had shouted for him to be crucified. +43:7 zxmo General Information 1 Peter continues preaching to the crowd. +43:7 e7je what a prophet wrote: ‘You will not let your Holy One rot in the grave.’ 1 This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “what a prophet wrote, that you would not let your Holy One rot in the grave.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) +43:7 l6ae You will not let your 1 **You** and **your** refer to God the Father. To make that clear, this could be translated as: “You, God, will not let your.” Some languages may have a special way of addressing someone, such as: “You, O God.” +43:7 hqfx rot in the grave 1 This could mean ‘decay in the tomb’ or ‘decompose in the grave.’ This refers to the fact that Jesus did not remain in the tomb very long. It is another way of saying that he did not stay dead, but rather, came back to life again. +43:7 t1k2 We are witnesses 1 The word **We** refers to the disciples and those that witnessed the risen Jesus after his death. It does not include the people in the crowd. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +43:7 yjxl raised Jesus to life again 1 This could mean ‘made Jesus alive again.’ +43:8 bah9 General Information 1 Peter continues preaching to the crowd. +43:8 tkkf God the Father 1 This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) +43:8 ed3n at his right hand 1 This phrase is an idiom that refers to the highest place of honor and authority. Alternate translation: “in the most important position” or “in the place of highest honor.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +43:8 di00 causing 1 This could mean ‘enabling the believers to do’ or ‘giving these people the power to do.’ +43:9 wl03 General Information 1 Peter continues preaching to the crowd. +43:9 v9qk But know for certain that 1 This phrase indicates contrast relationship. The Jews killed Jesus, but God did the opposite—he made Jesus the lord of everything! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +43:10 c3r3 deeply moved by 1 This could mean ‘very troubled by’ or ‘felt very sad when they heard.’ To be **moved** is to feel strong emotions. +43:10 sild So they asked 1 The connecting word **So** connects the reason (they were deeply moved), with the result (they asked Peter and the disciples what they should do). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +43:10 ne4d Brothers 1 This was a normal way for a Jew to address fellow Jews. It could also be translated as: “Friends.” +43:11 riu8 So repent and be baptized 1 The word **So** introduces a goal relationship. The people should repent and be baptized because they want to be forgiven of their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]]) +43:11 ru8x be baptized 1 This can be stated in active form: “allow us to baptize you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +43:11 abk9 in the name of 1 This phrase means both, ‘by the authority of’ and, ‘under the authority of.’ Consider translating the word **name** literally if it will be understood in this way in your language. +43:11 jf53 Christ 1 This is the same meaning as ‘Messiah.’ It could be translated as: “Anointed One” or “Chosen One.” Instead of translating the meaning, some translators may choose to keep the word **Christ** and spell it using the sounds in their own language. +43:11 r84p Jesus Christ 1 Since **Christ** is a title here, some translators may choose to change the order and say: “Christ Jesus.” Both orders are used in the Bible. +43:11 pqqs Then God will also give you the Holy Spirit as a gift 1 The connecting word **Then** introduces a reason and result relationship. The reason was because they had repented and had been forgiven of their sins, and the result is they would also receive the Holy Spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +43:12 fx2u They were baptized 1 This can be stated in active form: “people baptized them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +43:13 bswm thought well of them 1 This could mean ‘had a positive opinion of them.’ +43:13 k59i A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +44:intro navx Peter and John Heal a Beggar 1 This title can also be translated as: “About how Peter and John healed a beggar” or “What happened when Peter and John healed a beggar?” +44:1 htn7 One day 1 This phrase introduces an event that happened in the past, but does not state the specific time. Many languages have a similar way to begin telling a true story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +44:1 zst9 to the Temple 1 They did not go into the Temple building where only the priests were allowed. Alternate translation: “to the Temple courtyard” or “into the Temple area” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +44:1 s7a6 A crippled man was sitting at the gate, begging for money. 1 This introduces a new character in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) +44:1 xrou A crippled man 1 This could also be translated as: “A lame man.” This refers to a man who did not have full use of his legs, and could not stand or walk. +44:2 anm1 I will give you what I do have 1 It is understood that Peter has the ability to heal the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +44:2 swsg In the name of Jesus 1 Here **name** is a metonym that refers to power and authority. Alternate translation: “With the authority of Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +44:2 ua2w get up 1 This could mean ‘stand up.’ +44:3 jj4f Immediately, God healed the lame man 1 The connecting word **Immediately** introduces a sequential clause. Peter spoke, and then the lame man was healed. But the writer wants the readers to know there was no delay—the healing took place as soon as Peter spoke. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) +44:3 n7h5 the courtyard of the Temple 1 Only priests could enter the Temple, but ordinary Jews were allowed to come into this area that surrounded the Temple. +44:4 j0ir We did not heal him with our own power 1 **We** here includes Peter and John, but not the crowd to whom Peter is talking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +44:4 imbl because we believe in Jesus 1 **We** here includes Peter and John, but not the crowd to whom Peter is talking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +44:5 bb54 Connecting Statement: 1 Peter continues to preach to the crowd. +44:5 iqhh turn to God 1 Here **turn** is a metaphor for starting to obey the Lord. Alternate translation: “start obeying the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +44:5 ye73 he will wash away your sins 1 Peter is speaking of God’s forgiveness for sinners as if God were physically washing them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +44:6 onx1 So they arrested them and put them into prison 1 The connecting word **So** introduces a reason and result relationship. The reason is the leaders of the Temple were very upset; the result is they arrested Peter and John and put them into prison. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +44:6 uzea But many people believed what Peter said 1 The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. You would expect that people would not believe, because Peter and John were put in prison. Instead, 5000 men believed! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +44:6 tza5 The number of men 1 This was in addition to the women and children who believed. +44:7 x8b9 By what power did you heal 1 “Who gave you power to heal” +44:8 wz95 healed 1 This could mean ‘well’ or ‘strong.’ +44:8 yefn but God raised him to life again 1 The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. Jesus was crucified, so you would expect him to be dead. But what actually happened is that God raised him to life again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +44:8 qn4g God raised him to life again 1 Here to **raise** is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Alternate translation: “whom God caused to live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +44:8 qgfl rejected him 1 This could mean ‘refused to accept him’ or ‘refused to believe in Jesus’ or ‘refused to believe that Jesus is the Savior.’ +44:8 yltt but there is no other way to be saved 1 The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. The leaders rejected Christ, so you would expect that he was not a person worth anything. However, he is actually the only one with the power to save people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +44:8 nsjy there is no other way to be saved except through the power of Jesus 1 This could also be translated as: “the only way to be saved is through the power of Jesus” or “only Jesus can save us by his power.” +44:8 q4mj to be saved 1 This can also be translated as: “to be saved from our sins” or “that we can be saved from our sins.” +44:9 cv5o were shocked 1 This could mean ‘were very surprised’ or ‘were amazed.’ +44:9 va1c ordinary men who were uneducated 1 The words **ordinary** and **uneducated** share similar meanings. They emphasize that Peter and John had received no formal training in Jewish law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) +44:9 sio0 ordinary 1 This could mean ‘common’ or ‘lower-class.’ Peter and John were simple fishermen. +44:9 nm98 who were uneducated 1 This could mean ‘who did not have a formal education.’ This could also be translated as: “who had not gone to religious school.” +44:9 q8wm then they remembered 1 This could also be translated as: “But then they thought about the fact that.” +44:9 xrbn had been with Jesus 1 This could also be translated as: “had spend time with Jesus” or “had been taught by Jesus.” +44:9 ma9m After saying many things like this 1 This could mean ‘after threatening Peter and John in similar ways.’ +44:9 a0u0 let Peter and John go 1 This could mean ‘allowed Peter and John to leave.’ +44:9 w34s A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +45:intro nwdv Stephen and Philip 1 This title can also be translated as: “About how Stephen and Philip told people about Jesus” or “What happened when Stephen and Philip told people about Jesus?” +45:1 pgvx One of the leaders among the first followers of Jesus was a man named Stephen. 1 This introduces Stephen as a new character in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) +45:1 c259 Everyone respected him 1 This is background information about the kind of person Stephen was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +45:2 qdmu One day 1 This phrase introduces an event that happened in the past, but does not state the specific time. Many languages have a similar way to begin telling a true story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +45:2 qssl so they went to the religious leaders and told lies about him. 1 The word **so** introduces a reason and result relationship. The reason is the Jews were very angry with Stephen because they could not win arguments with him. The result is they told lies about him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +45:2 zrsu We heard Stephen speak evil things about Moses and God! 1 They used this exclamation to express how angry they were with Stephen, and to try to make the other people angry with him as well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +45:3 dn8c always reject the Holy Spirit 1 This could mean ‘never obey the Holy Spirit’ or ‘always refuse to listen to the Holy Spirit.’ +45:3 uusp our ancestors 1 This could be translated as: “our ancestors, the Israelites.” +45:3 z0hb But you did something worse than they did! You killed the Messiah! 1 Stephen used these exclamations to accuse the Jews of murdering the Messiah whom God had sent to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +45:4 vw1j covered their ears 1 This was a symbolic action to show that they did not want to hear what Stephen said. This could also be translated as: “They put their hands over their ears.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) +45:4 a6dh yelled loudly 1 They were yelling in anger. Translate this in a way that communicates that they were very upset. +45:5 lvf4 As Stephen was dying 1 This could mean ‘Just before Stephen died.’ +45:5 qdks cried out 1 This could mean ‘called out in a loud voice’ or ‘said very loudly.’ +45:5 scz4 Jesus, receive my spirit 1 This could mean ‘take my spirit.’ It may be helpful to add ‘please’ to show that this was a request. Alternate translation: “please receive my spirit” +45:5 gloy He fell to his knees 1 This is an act of submission to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) +45:5 kblz do not hold this sin against them 1 This could mean ‘do not consider them guilty of the sin of killing me.’ This can be stated in a positive way. Alternate translation: “forgive them for this sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +45:5 phm8 Then he died 1 This is the end of the story about Stephen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) +45:6 tskj That day many people in Jerusalem started persecuting the followers of Jesus, so the believers fled to other places. But in spite of opposition, they preached about Jesus everywhere they went. 1 This is background information about the persecution of the believers after the death of Stephen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +45:6 yeqh But in spite of opposition 1 The Jewish leaders thought they could stop the spread of Jesus’ teaching by persecuting his followers. Instead, this caused them to scatter and spread the message even more widely. +45:7 kqfk There was a believer in Jesus named Philip 1 This introduces Philip as a new character in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) +45:7 cepk One day 1 This phrase introduces an event that happened in the past, but does not state the specific time. Many languages have a similar way to begin telling a true story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +45:7 nocc This man was an important official from the land of Ethiopia. 1 This is background information about the official from Ethiopia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +45:7 suea Ethiopia 1 Ethiopia is a country in Eastern Africa. +45:8 aphc the Ethiopian 1 That is, a person from the country of Ethiopia. See note on [45:07](45/07). +45:8 zqlq led him like a lamb to be killed, and as a lamb is silent, he did not say a word. They treated him unfairly and did not respect him. They took his life away from him. 1 The pronouns **he**, **him**, and **his** in this quotation refer to the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) +45:8 oj2z as a lamb is silent 1 This could also be translated as: “like a lamb that is silent even when it is about to be killed.” +45:9 dnt6 “Do you understand what you are reading?” 1 The Ethiopian was intelligent and could read, but he lacked spiritual discernment. Alternate translation: “Do you understand the meaning of what you are reading?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +45:9 wc0m Please come and sit next to me 1 It is implied here that Philip agreed to travel down the road with him to explain the scriptures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +45:9 moyr Was Isaiah writing about 1 This can also be translated as: “Was Isaiah referring to.” +45:11 z0i6 some water 1 Use a term that means a larger body of water such as a pond, lake, or stream. +45:11 vux5 May I be baptized? 1 This could also be translated as: “Is there any reason that I cannot be baptized?” +45:12 aaai So they went down into the water 1 The connecting word **So** introduces a reason and result relationship. The reason was the Ethiopian believed what Philip told him, and asked to be baptized when they saw water nearby. The result is Philip baptized him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +45:12 uhoz carried Philip away 1 This could mean ‘took Philip away’ or ‘snatched Philip away.’ +45:12 y6dt There Philip continued to tell people about Jesus 1 This is the end of the story about Philip. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) +45:13 ofea The Ethiopian continued traveling toward his home. He was happy that he now knew Jesus. 1 This is the end of the story about the Ethiopian official. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) +45:13 eorl A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +46:intro awnb Saul Becomes a Follower of Jesus 1 This title can also be translated as: “About how Saul became a follower of Christ” or “How did Saul become a follower of Christ?” +46:1 qpas There was a man named Saul who did not believe in Jesus 1 This introduces Saul as a new character in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) +46:1 u797 When he was a young man, he guarded the robes of the men who killed Stephen 1 This is background information about Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +46:1 vtia guarded the robes of the men who killed Stephen 1 See [45:06](45/06). +46:1 etoe from house to house 1 This could mean ‘into many houses.’ +46:1 ewvd to arrest both men and women 1 This refers to men and women who believed in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +46:1 ol4d Damascus 1 Damascus is now the capital of the country of Syria. During Saul’s time, it was a city belonging to the Roman Empire. Most of the people there were not Jewish, but there were some Jews and also some followers of Jesus living there. +46:1 t1st to bring them back to Jerusalem 1 Paul’s purpose can be made clear by adding “so that the Jewish leaders could judge and punish them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +46:2 phy2 Just before he reached the city 1 This is an expression that marks a change in the story to show something different is about to happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +46:2 u8fm Why are you persecuting me? 1 This rhetorical question communicates a rebuke to Saul. In some languages a statement would be more natural. Alternate translation: “You are persecuting me!” or a command “Stop persecuting me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +46:3 lv61 Saul did not eat or drink anything for three days 1 It is not stated whether he chose not to eat or drink as a form of worship, or if he had no appetite because he was too distressed from his situation. It is preferable not to specify the reason. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]]) +46:4 e3u4 There was a disciple in Damascus named Ananias 1 This introduces Ananias as a new character in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) +46:4 gr6l But Ananias said 1 If it is not clear why the word **But** is used here, this could be translated as: “But Ananias was afraid, so he said.” +46:4 jf7g God answered him 1 This could be translated as: “To reassure Ananias, God said” to make clear why God said this. +46:4 duf7 Go! 1 This is a command and also an exclamation. God is emphasizing that Ananias should stop objecting and go to Saul as God instructed him to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +46:4 wsh4 to declare my name 1 This could mean ‘to teach about me’ or ‘to make me known.’ +46:4 lq5x for my name 1 Here “my name” is a metonym that refers to Jesus. Saul will suffer many things because he will tell people about Jesus. Alternate translation: “for me” or “because of me” or “because he serves me” or “because he teaches others about me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +46:5 fb5w placed his hands on him 1 Ananias put his hands on Saul. This was a symbol of giving a blessing to Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) +46:5 up5t here 1 This could mean ‘to Damascus.’ +46:5 xkhq Immediately 1 This introduces a simultaneous clause. Saul was able to see as soon as Ananias touched him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]]) +46:6 eyeo Right away 1 This introduces a new event. This can also be translated as: “Immediately” or “Then.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +46:6 z4lx Son of God 1 This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) +46:6 t5hi because Saul had tried to kill believers 1 The connecting word **because** connects the reason (the change in Saul, that he had tried to kill people who believed in Jesus, and now he himself believed in Jesus), with the result (the Jews were amazed). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +46:6 xx3g argued with the Jews 1 This could also be translated as: “gave the Jews good reasons for believing in Jesus” or “spoke persuasively with the Jews.” +46:7 yz8g After many days 1 This introduces a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +46:7 xyxh the Jews made a plan to kill Saul 1 Here **the Jews** refers to the leaders of the Jews. Alternate translation: “the Jewish leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +46:7 kujx to watch for him at the city gates 1 The gates were the only normal way into or out of the walled cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +46:7 fa04 lowered him over the city wall in a basket 1 Another way to say this would be: “helped him get into a large basket and lowered the basket with him in it over the city wall.” +46:8 rhgl Saul went to Jerusalem 1 This introduces a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +46:8 mosr but they were afraid of him 1 The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. Saul was now a disciple so you would expect the apostles would want to meet with him, but instead they were afraid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +46:8 b6d3 accepted Saul 1 This could mean ‘believed that Saul also was a believer in Jesus.’ +46:9 g78j the city of Antioch 1 This was an ancient city located in what is now the southernmost tip of the modern country of Turkey, near its border with Syria and close to the Mediterranean Sea. It was about 450 miles northwest of Jerusalem. +46:9 rx27 to strengthen the church 1 This could also be translated as: “to help the church to grow strong spiritually” or “to help the believers in Jesus to grow strong in their faith” or “to help the people to believe more firmly in Jesus.” +46:9 bw4d believers in Jesus were first called ‘Christians.’ 1 This implies that other people called the believers by this name. This can be stated in active form: “The people of Antioch first called the believers in Jesus ‘Christians.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +46:10 dyso One day 1 This phrase introduces an event that happened in the past, but does not state the specific time. Many languages have a similar way to begin telling a true story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +46:10 a3p8 Set apart for me Barnabas and Saul to do the work I have called them to do. 1 This sentence could also be translated as: “Appoint Paul and Barnabas to do the special work I have chosen them to do.” +46:10 edzp the church 1 This could also be translated as: “the believers” or “the followers of Jesus.” +46:10 gx67 placed their hands on them 1 This act showed that the leaders agreed that the Holy Spirit had called Barnabas and Saul to do this work. This could also be translated as: “blessed them with the power and authority of the Holy Spirit by putting their hands on them” or “put their hands on them as a sign of their unity in the Spirit.” Some languages may have to say where they placed their hands. If so, you could say they placed their hands on their head, shoulder or back. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) +46:10 be3s sent them out 1 This could mean ‘sent them away’ or ‘sent them on their journey.’ +46:10 enk8 A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +47:intro bh8m Paul and Silas in Philippi 1 This title can also be translated as: “About what happened to Paul and Silas in Philippi” or “What happened to Paul and Silas in Philippi?” +47:1 qk41 As Saul traveled throughout the Roman Empire, he began to use his Roman name, ‘Paul.’ 1 This is background information about why Saul was now called Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +47:1 mf3v One day 1 This introduces a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +47:1 o2qf proclaim 1 This could mean ‘teach’ or ‘preach.’ +47:1 l7vd they met a woman named Lydia 1 This introduces Lydia as a new character in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) +47:1 rjs2 who was a merchant. She loved and worshiped God. 1 This is background information about who Lydia was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +47:1 yuge merchant 1 This could also be translated as: “seller” or “business owner.” +47:2 o810 She invited Paul and Silas to stay at her house 1 This was the normal custom of the day for people to provide hospitality to visitors in their homes. There were no immoral motives in this arrangement. +47:3 l5gx a slave girl 1 This introduces the unnamed slave girl as a new character in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) +47:3 wt36 her masters 1 In this case, this could also be translated as: “her owners.” +47:3 ech3 a fortuneteller 1 This could mean ‘as someone who told people what would happen to them in the future.’ A fortuneteller tried to get information from spirits in the supernatural world. A person who does this is sometimes called a ‘diviner’ or ‘soothsayer.’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +47:4 ne6m the way to be saved 1 How a person can be saved is spoken of here as if it were a way or path that a person walks on. Alternate translation: “how you can be saved” or “how God saves people” or “God’s plan for saving people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +47:5 fwpe one day 1 This phrase introduces an event that happened in the past, but does not state the specific time. Many languages have a similar way to begin telling a true story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +47:5 b3ot turned to her 1 This could mean ‘turned around and looked at her.’ +47:5 mz7d In the name of Jesus 1 This could mean ‘by the authority of Jesus.’ Here **name** stands for speaking with the authority or as the representative of Jesus Christ. Because of Jesus’ authority, Paul could command the demon to leave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +47:5 a9n2 come out of her 1 This could mean ‘leave her’ or ‘go away from her.’ +47:5 kqpi Right away the demon left her 1 ‘the demon came out immediately’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) +47:6 mi8h The men who owned the slave girl became very angry! 1 This exclamation emphasizes how angry the men who owned the servant girl became at Paul and Silas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +47:6 l9k4 without the demon 1 This could mean ‘without the power from the demon’ or ‘now that she did not have the demon.’ +47:6 v9d5 the future 1 This could mean ‘what would happen to them in the future.’ +47:6 lkry This meant that 1 This could also be translated as: “Because of this” or “Therefore.” +47:7 xv9p So the owners of the slave girl 1 The connecting word **So** introduces a reason and result relationship. The reason was the owners could no longer make money. The result was they took Paul and Silas to the Roman authorities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +47:7 kses who beat 1 **who** refers to the Roman authorities, not the owners of the slave girl. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) +47:7 t4bn threw them 1 This could mean ‘put them.’ +47:8 s7d8 But in the middle of the night 1 The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. Paul and Silas had been beaten, put in prison with their feet locked into wood. You would expect them to be crying or protesting, but instead of doing that, they were singing songs of praise to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +47:8 dyoz in the middle of the night 1 This could be translated as: “very late at night” or “very early in the morning.” This was when it was completely dark outside, when people would normally be asleep. +47:8 bubf singing songs of praise to God 1 This can also be translated as: “praising God by singing” or “singing songs to praise God” or “singing songs that gave praise to God.” +47:9 g265 Suddenly 1 This introduces a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +47:9 el5e the chains of all the prisoners 1 The possessive **of all the prisoners** here refers chains that were holding the prisoners in place. They did not belong to the prisoners—they belonged to the Roman government. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) +47:9 ftb6 fell off 1 This could mean ‘suddenly came off’ or ‘suddenly came apart so that the prisoners were released.’ +47:10 u1yt the jailer 1 This could mean ‘the official in charge of the jail.’ +47:10 wurr so he got ready to kill himself 1 The connecting word **so** introduces a reason and result relationship. The reason was the jailer was afraid of the Roman authorities because he thought the prisoners had escaped. The result is he intended to kill himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +47:10 by1v But Paul saw him and shouted 1 The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. You would expect that the prisoners had escaped and that the jailer will kill himself. Instead Paul stops him from killing himself, and tells him that all the prisoners are still in the jail. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +47:10 oukw We 1 Some languages have a special form of the word **We** which does not include the person being talked to. Here the **We** does not include the jailer, only Paul and the rest of the prisoners. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +47:11 v1g5 What must I do to be saved? 1 The question refers to salvation from being punished by the God who caused the earthquake. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “what must I do for God to save me from my sins?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +47:11 dbry Believe in Jesus, the Master 1 This was addressed to both the jailer and his family, who all then believed and were baptized. Some languages may use a grammatical form of the verb **believe** to indicate that Paul is speaking to the group. +47:11 hxx7 you and your family will be saved 1 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will save you and your family” or “God will save you and your family from eternal punishment for your sins.” Make sure it is clear that the salvation referred to here is spiritual, not physical. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +47:12 xl4i so Paul and Silas baptized them 1 The connecting word **so** introduces a reason and result relationship. The reason was the jailer and his whole family believed in Jesus. The result was that Paul and Silas baptized all of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +47:13 e0f8 the leaders of the city 1 This refers to the officials of the city or the authorities of the city. +47:13 eqfd and then left the city 1 This indicates that end of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) +47:13 cn7u The good news about Jesus kept spreading 1 This could mean ‘People in more and more places were hearing the good news about Jesus.’ +47:13 v34x the Church kept growing 1 This could mean ‘more and more people were becoming part of the Church’ or ‘more and more people were believing in Jesus.’ +47:14 rlpz A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +48:intro vwon Jesus Is the Promised Messiah 1 This title can also be translated as: “About how Jesus Is the Messiah that God promised to send” or “How is Jesus Is the Messiah that God promised to send?” +48:1 rs6v God created the world 1 This could mean ‘God made the world out of nothing.’ +48:1 yndx perfect 1 This could mean ‘exactly as it should be’ to accomplish all that God intended for it. +48:1 rkk3 There was no sin 1 For some languages, it is not possible to express **sin** as a thing, rather it is an action. In those cases this could be translated as: “No one ever sinned” or “People did not sin” or “Nothing evil had happened.” +48:1 n65i There was no sickness or death 1 This could mean ‘No one got sick and no one died’ or ‘They did not get sick or die.’ +48:2 wm77 the garden 1 This refers to the garden created by God where he placed the first man and woman. +48:2 o12t deceive her 1 This could mean ‘lie to her.’ Satan lied by leading Eve to doubt what God had said. By doing this, he tricked her into disobeying God. +48:2 euj0 Because they sinned, everyone on earth dies 1 The connecting word **Because** connects the reason (they sinned), with the result (everyone on earth dies). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +48:3 vkc4 But God wanted to make peace 1 The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. You would expect that God would want to destroy his enemies. Instead God wants to make peace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +48:4 u2wf crush Satan’s head 1 This could also be translated as: “step on Satan’s head and smash it down flat” or “shatter Satan’s head by stepping on it.” This (crushing the head) represents a person stepping on the head of a snake. The head is completely crushed, and the snake is dead and therefore harmless. +48:4 ljfe bite his heel 1 This represents a snake on the ground biting a person’s foot. In this case, Satan would cause the Messiah to suffer, but would not destroy him. +48:4 f6nl but God would raise him to life again 1 The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. Satan would kill the Messiah, so you would expect him to be dead. Instead, God would raise the Messiah to life again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +48:4 sspm raise him to life again 1 This could mean ‘make him alive again.’ +48:5 cbxz But God sent Jesus 1 The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. You would expect God to kill everyone because everyone has sinned. Instead, God sent Jesus to save people from their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +48:6 me7q For hundreds of years, priests kept on offering sacrifices to God 1 This is background information about the sacrifices the priests offered to God in the past. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]]) +48:6 scmb But those sacrifices could not forgive their sins 1 This indicates an exceptional relationship. The sacrifices could show people their sin and that it deserved punishment, but it could not forgive those sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]]) +48:6 iv5i He gave himself 1 This could also be translated as: “Jesus allowed himself to be killed.” +48:7 y4yo all the people groups on the earth 1 This could also be translated as: “people from all different parts of the world.” +48:7 t1a0 because God saves from sin everyone who believes in Jesus 1 The connecting word **because** connects the reason (God saves from sin those who believe in Jesus), with the result (all the people groups are blessed through Abraham’s descendant Jesus). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +48:7 nz4b When these people believe in Jesus 1 The connecting word **When** connects the reason (people believe in Jesus (Abraham’s descendant)), with the result (God considers people who believe in Jesus to be Abraham’s descendants). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +48:8 cuj6 But then God gave a ram for the sacrifice instead of Isaac 1 The connecting words **But then** introduces a contrast relationship. God told Abraham to sacrifice his son Isaac, instead of allowing Isaac to be sacrificed, God provided a ram. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +48:8 uhlj instead of Isaac 1 This can also be translated as: “in the place of Isaac” or “in Isaac’s place” or “so that he would not have to offer Isaac as a sacrifice.” +48:8 gro5 deserve to die 1 This could mean ‘should die.’ +48:8 phrt But God gave Jesus 1 The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. We all deserve to die for our sin but instead God gave Jesus to die in our place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +48:8 ienk to die in our place 1 This can also be translated as: “to die in the place of each of us” or “so that he would not have to kill us.” +48:9 weue When God sent the last plague on Egypt 1 This clause gives background information about the time during the last plague on Egypt. The main event is the Passover that shows how God will pay for people’s sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-background]]) +48:9 ra3r sent the last plague on Egypt 1 This could mean ‘caused the final disaster to come on Egypt.’ This was the tenth plague when God caused the firstborn sons of the Egyptians to die. +48:9 mw2l its blood 1 This could mean ‘the lamb’s blood.’ +48:9 m5lu door frames 1 If door frames are not known, this could be translated as: “doors.” +48:9 d9t0 passed over 1 This could also be translated as: “passed by” or “went by.” You may want to connect how this is translated with how **Passover** is translated. +48:10 cx8j blood of Jesus 1 This could be translated as: “The sacrifice that Jesus made of himself when he died for sinners.” The word **blood** here also means ‘death.’ +48:11 c103 because they were the people he had chosen to belong to himself 1 The connecting word **because** connects the reason (the Israelites were God’s chosen people), with the result (God made a covenant with them). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +48:11 diqo If anyone in any people group accepts this New Covenant 1 The connecting word **If** connects the reason (he accepts the New Covenant and believes in Jesus), with the result (he joins God’s people). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +48:12 z1s8 the greatest prophet 1 This could mean ‘the most important prophet.’ +48:12 zdtw call Jesus the Word of God 1 Jesus reveals God’s character. The other prophets preached the message God gave them, but Jesus revealed God in his preaching and his actions. +48:13 hsjf so he is the descendant of David who can rule forever 1 The connecting word **so** introduces a reason and result relationship. The reason is Jesus is the Son of God and the Messiah. The result is he is the descendant of David who can rule forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +48:14 fe5d but Jesus is the king of the entire universe 1 The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. David was a king of Israel, so you would expect him to be one of the greatest kings ever. Instead, Jesus is far greater, because he is king of the universe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +48:14 f775 the king of the entire universe 1 This could mean ‘the king over everyone and everything everywhere.’ +48:14 fl51 A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +49:intro mnji God’s New Covenant 1 This title can also be translated as: “About the New Covenant that God made with people” or “What is the New Covenant that God made with people?” +49:1 l693 God’s Son 1 This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) +49:1 th09 but the Holy Spirit came to her 1 The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. Mary was a virgin, so you would not expect her to become pregnant. Instead, the Holy Spirit caused her to become pregnant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +49:2 sfb3 raised dead people to life 1 This could also be translated as: “caused dead people to become alive again.” +49:3 eqhg a great teacher 1 This could mean ‘a very important teacher’ or ‘an excellent teacher.’ +49:3 triq Son of God 1 This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) +49:3 fne4 the same way 1 This could mean ‘as much as’ or ‘the same amount that’ or ‘to the same degree that.’ +49:6 lysi other people will not 1 This could mean ‘other people will not accept him and therefore will not be saved.’ +49:9 gyrg But God loved everyone in the world 1 The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. Everyone is an enemy of God, so you would expect God to hate and destroy them. Instead, God loves everyone and gave his son for them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +49:9 xxn2 gave his only Son 1 This could also be translated as: “offered his only Son to the world as a sacrifice for sins” or “gave us his only Son to be a sacrifice for our sins.” +49:9 ew0m Instead, believers will live with him forever 1 The connecting word **Instead** introduces a contrast relationship. Those who believe in God still sin, so you would expect them to be punished. Instead, they will live with God forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +49:10 tn9i because you have sinned 1 The connecting word **because** connects the reason (you have sinned), with the result (you deserve to die). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +49:10 i13y but Jesus took the punishment for sin in our place 1 The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. You would expect God to be angry with you because of your sin. Instead, he punished Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +49:11 oxoq take away 1 This could mean ‘remove the penalty of’ or ‘remove the punishment for.’ The sacrifice of Jesus causes God to look at our sin as if it never existed. +49:11 rnmf so God will forgive any sin 1 The connecting word **so** connects the reason (Jesus sacrificed himself), with the result (God forgives people’s sin). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +49:12 mjkm Instead 1 The connecting word **Instead** introduces a contrast relationship. You would expect that doing good things might save you, or that nothing could make you God’s friend. Instead, believing in Christ saves you and makes you God’s friend. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +49:12 es4b instead of you 1 This could mean ‘ in your place.’ +49:12 tv9x raised him to life again 1 This could also be translated as: “made him alive again.” +49:12 c6uq If you believe this 1 The connecting word **If** introduces a hypothetical conditional relationship. If you believe in Christ, then God will forgive your sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]]) +49:13 ep3z But he will not save 1 The connecting word **But** introduces an exceptional relationship. God saves everyone who believes. But people who do not believe are excluded from the **everyone**. Alternate translation: “God will only save those who believe in Jesus and accept him as their Master. He will not save those who do not believe in him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]]) +49:13 o643 so he can be a friend to you. 1 The connecting word **so** connects the reason (you believe in Jesus), with the result (he can be a friend to you). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +49:14 m02a to believe in him 1 This can also be translated as: “to trust in him” or “to trust in him to save you” or “to entrust your whole life to him.” +49:14 oxln to be baptized 1 This could also be translated as: “to have someone baptize you” or “to let them baptize you.” +49:14 lmdd believe that 1 This can also be translated as: “acknowledge that” or “agree that.” +49:14 gu3j to take away 1 See note on [49:11](49/11). +49:15 n1sp If you believe in Jesus and confess what he has done for you, you are a follower of Jesus! 1 The connecting word **If** introduces a hypothetical conditional relationship. If you believe in Jesus and confess what he has done for you, then you are a Christ follower. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]]) +49:15 akaq kingdom of darkness 1 **Darkness** is used here to refer to sin and everything that is evil. This could be translated as: “evil rule over people, which is like darkness.” +49:15 nlsx kingdom of light 1 **Light** here refers to God’s holiness and goodness. This could be translated as: “righteous rule over people, which is like light.” The Bible often compares evil to darkness, and goodness to light. +49:16 stvi If you are a follower of Jesus 1 The connecting word **If** introduces a hypothetical conditional relationship. If you are a Christ follower, then God has forgiven your sins and you are his close friend. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]]) +49:16 ujml considers you to be 1 This could mean ‘thinks of you as’ or ‘regards you as’ or ‘calls you.’ +49:17 xlnr If you are a friend of God and a servant of Jesus the Master 1 The connecting word **If** introduces a hypothetical conditional relationship. If you are a friend of God, then you want to obey Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]]) +49:17 f4z7 But God always does what he says he will do 1 The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. You would expect that, when Satan tempts you to sin and you do sin, you would become the enemy of God again. Instead, God keeps his promise. He forgives the sin that you do and gives you the strength to stop sinning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +49:17 oriw if you confess your sins 1 The connecting word **if** introduces a hypothetical conditional relationship. If you confess your sins, then God will forgive you. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]]) +49:17 nyv5 confess your sins 1 This could be translated as: “admit to God what you have done wrong.” +49:17 bwcz He will give you strength to fight against sin 1 This could mean ‘He will give you spiritual strength to refuse to sin.’ +49:18 f9qk If you do all these things 1 The connecting word **If** introduces a hypothetical conditional relationship. If you do the things God tells you to do, then you will become a strong friend of his. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]]) +49:18 bk6b A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations. +50:intro hhwk Jesus Returns 1 This title can also be translated as: “About when Jesus returns to earth again” or “What will happen when Jesus returns to earth again?” +50:1 cb68 For almost 2,000 years, more and more people around the world have been hearing the good news about Jesus the Messiah. The Church has been growing. 1 This is background information about what has happened to the Church until today. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +50:1 w43m The Church has been growing 1 This could also be translated as: “The number of people in the Church around the world has been increasing” or “The number of believers in Jesus has been increasing.” +50:1 y5qd at the end of the world 1 This phrase means ‘right before the present world comes to an end’ or ‘in the final days of this world.’ +50:1 wy2s Though he has not yet come back 1 The connecting word **Though** introduces a contrast relationship. Jesus has not come back for 2,000 years, so you would expect he is not coming back as he promised. Instead, Jesus will come back as he promised. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +50:2 kdkg the end will come 1 This could be translated as: “the end of this world will come” or “the end of this world will happen” or “this present world will end.” +50:3 wk5h make disciples 1 This has the meaning, ‘help people to become my disciples.’ +50:3 udku The fields are ripe for harvest 1 The words **fields** and **ripe for harvest** are metaphors. The **fields** represent people. The words **ripe for harvest** mean that people are ready to accept the message of Jesus, like fields that are ready to be harvested. Alternate translation: This could also be translated as: “They are ready to be brought to God like fields that are ripe for harvest” or “They are ready to be gathered and brought to God like fields whose crops are ripe and ready to be gathered.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +50:3 xa4z The fields 1 In this expression, **The fields** represents the people in the world. +50:3 q0ck ripe 1 **Ripe** here represents being ready to believe in Jesus. +50:3 brsr harvest 1 **Harvest** here represents the work of bringing people to God by teaching them about Jesus. +50:4 s8vy not greater than 1 This could mean ‘not more important than’ or in this case, ‘not treated better than.’ +50:4 p7vf because of me 1 This could mean ‘because you obey me’ or ‘because you teach people about me’ or ‘because you belong to me.’ +50:4 kshg in this world 1 This could also be translated as: “in this lifetime.” +50:4 zu7m If you remain faithful to me to the end, then God will save you 1 The connecting word **if** introduces a hypothetical conditional relationship. If you remain faithful to the end, then God will save you. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]]) +50:4 rbh7 remain faithful to me 1 This could mean ‘Keep obeying me.’ +50:4 xok1 to the end 1 This could mean ‘to the end of your life.’ +50:4 jdh8 will save you 1 This refers to spiritual salvation rather than physical deliverance from harm. It has already been stated that many believers will be killed or tortured. +50:5 th62 told his disciples a story 1 The story is in the form of a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) +50:5 ya3w good seed 1 This seed was wheat grain. If this type of seed is not known in your language area, it is best to use a general term for **seed**. If there is no general term, it may be necessary to choose a type of grain seed that is known and say, for example: “good seed like rice.” +50:5 avfj weed seeds 1 The weed seeds that were planted would grow up as tall grass but could not be eaten. They were useless. +50:5 twzk wheat seeds 1 Wheat is a kind of grain that grows like a tall grass. It has seeds that people use for food. +50:6 ut87 General Information 1 Jesus continues to tell the story. +50:6 zfgs Master, you planted good seed 1 Here **you** is a metonym that refers to his servants. The landowner probably had his servants plant the seeds. Alternate translation: “we planted good seed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +50:6 oa7q The man answered, ‘Only my enemies would want to plant them. It is one of my enemies who did this.’ 1 This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so that this portion is an indirect quotation: “The man answered that only his enemies would want to plant them, so it was one of his enemies who did this.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]]) +50:6 a7h4 Only my enemies would want to plant them 1 If possible, translate this in a way that indicates that the speaker did not see this happen. +50:7 q14z General Information 1 Jesus continues to tell the story. +50:7 sd9l Should we pull out 1 Here **we** is exclusive. It refers to the servants but not the master. The servants would not expect the master to pull weeds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +50:7 bka5 If you do that, you will pull 1 Each occurrence of **you** in this frame is plural, referring to all of the servants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]]) +50:7 rill you will pull out some of the wheat as well 1 This could mean ‘you will accidentally pull out some of the wheat also.’ It would be too difficult to distinguish young wheat from the weeds, and to pull the weeds without uprooting the wheat. +50:7 hx3j until the harvest 1 This could mean ‘until the time when the wheat is ready to harvest’ or ‘until the wheat has grown enough to be harvested.’ +50:7 vk5r the wheat 1 This could mean ‘the harvested wheat grains.’ +50:7 fms0 barn 1 This refers to the building where the harvested wheat grain was saved and stored. It could also be called a ‘storehouse.’ (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +50:8 dsy6 The disciples did not understand the meaning of the story, so they asked Jesus to explain it to them 1 The connecting word **so** introduces a reason and result relationship. The reason is the disciples did not understand the meaning of the story. The result is they asked Jesus to explain it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +50:8 yjlb the Messiah 1 Jesus is referring to himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) +50:8 i02m the people of God’s kingdom 1 This refers to the people who belong to or are part of the kingdom of God. It can also be translated as: “the people who live under God’s authority” or “the people who have submitted to God’s rule” or “the people who will live with God in his kingdom.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) +50:9 uzv1 who belong to the devil 1 This could mean ‘who obey the devil’ or ‘who are ruled by the devil.’ +50:9 nzl4 the devil 1 This could also be translated as: “Satan.” +50:9 gqw6 the evil one 1 This is another title for Satan. It could be translated as: “Satan,” but the title, **evil one** describes his character. +50:9 nmkm represents the end of the world 1 This could mean ‘represents what will happen to people at the end of the world.’ +50:9 w4ko the harvesters 1 This could also be translated as: “the men who harvest the ripe grain” or “the workers who gather in the ripe grain.” +50:10 m3il who belong to the devil 1 This could also be translated as: “who obey the devil” or “who are ruled by the devil.” This refers to those who do not believe in Jesus but follow the evil ways of the devil. +50:10 uu2s cry and grind their teeth 1 They will **grind their teeth** as a symbolic act representing their extreme sadness and suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) +50:10 zlcs But the people who are righteous 1 The word **But** introduces an exceptional relationship. The people who are righteous because they followed Jesus will not be thrown in the fire with everyone else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]]) +50:10 gys2 the people who are righteous 1 This refers to the people who belong to the Messiah (See: [50:08](50/08)). +50:10 tyy7 shine like the sun 1 This could also be translated as: “be glorious like the sun” or “show pure goodness as the sun shows bright light.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +50:11 k22r he left 1 This could also be translated as: “he left the earth” or “he left to go back to heaven.” +50:11 jd9n will come on the clouds in the sky 1 This could mean ‘the clouds in the sky will surround him as he comes’ or ‘the clouds of the sky will carry him along.’ +50:11 yaba When Jesus returns 1 The connecting word **When** introduces a simultaneous clause. Jesus’ followers who have died will rise and meet him in the sky at the time of Jesus’ return. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]]) +50:11 o821 Jesus returns 1 This could mean ‘Jesus returns to the earth.’ +50:11 v0d4 meet him in the sky 1 This could mean ‘join him in the sky.’ Those who believe in Jesus will go up to be near Jesus while he is in the sky. +50:12 t9kb Then the followers of Jesus who are still alive 1 The connecting word **Then** introduces a sequential clause. After the Jesus followers who died rise to meet Jesus in the air, the Jesus followers who are still alive will also join Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) +50:12 g9jf still alive 1 This could mean ‘still alive when Jesus returns.’ +50:12 suuz After that, Jesus will live with his people 1 The connecting words **After that** introduce a sequential clause. After Jesus followers have joined Jesus, they will live together forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) +50:13 pucg a crown 1 This crown represents our reward for believing in Jesus and serving him in this life. +50:13 zj3j perfect 1 This could mean ‘complete’ or ‘total.’ +50:14 u49v But God will judge everyone who does not believe 1 The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. In contrast to the wonderful place of peace where Jesus’ followers will live, those who did not believe will suffer forever. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +50:14 txh0 weep and grind their teeth 1 See note on [50:10](50/10). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) +50:15 yi59 When Jesus returns 1 The connecting word **When** introduces a sequential clause. After Jesus returns, he will destroy Satan and his kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]]) +50:15 wtdb his kingdom 1 This could also be translated as: “Satan’s evil rule over people” or “all the evil things he does and the evil people he controls.” +50:15 lp9m rather than 1 This could mean ‘instead of.’ +50:16 lrvp Because Adam and Eve disobeyed God 1 The connecting word **Because** connects the result (God destroyed the world), with the reason (Adam and Eve disobeyed God and brought sin into the world). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +50:16 evgf brought sin into 1 This could be translated as: “caused sin to enter.” +50:16 tvuy But some day God will create 1 The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. It is expected that God will destroy the world because of sin. Instead of leaving it destroyed, God creates a new heaven and a new earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +50:16 tdlr a new heaven 1 This could also be translated as: “a new sky” or “a new universe.” It refers to a new set of stars and everything else in the sky. +50:16 gews a new earth 1 This current earth on which we live will be replaced by a new and improved one. +50:17 v7hx wipe away every tear 1 This could also be translated as: “bring an end to all of our grief” or “make trouble end” or “tenderly take away any sadness people have.” +50:17 ovna rule his kingdom justly and with peace 1 This could also be translated as: “rule over his people fairly, in a way that brings them peace.” +50:17 jmjj A Bible story from 1 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations.