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Philippians TN edits up to last phrase of 2:16 (#2136) 

Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/2136
Co-authored-by: Grant_Ailie <grant_ailie@noreply.door43.org>
Co-committed-by: Grant_Ailie <grant_ailie@noreply.door43.org>
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Grant_Ailie 2021-11-03 19:18:45 +00:00
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@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ PHP 2 4 qmzl figs-rpronouns ἑαυτῶν 1 Here, the reflexive pronoun **them
PHP 2 5 pqdc τοῦτο φρονεῖτε ἐν ὑμῖν, ὃ καὶ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 Alternate translation: “Have the same attitude that Christ Jesus had”
PHP 2 5 rh98 figs-abstractnouns τοῦτο φρονεῖτε ἐν ὑμῖν, ὃ καὶ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 Have this attitude in you which also was in Christ Jesus If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **attitude** with a verb such as “think.” Alternate translation: “Think about one another the way Christ Jesus thought of people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PHP 2 5 tdb2 figs-yousingular ὑμῖν 1 See how you translated **you** in the previous verses. In this letter, with one exception, the words **you** and **your** are plural and refer to the Philippian Christians. If your language uses different forms to show when “you” and “your” refer to one person and when they refer to more than one person, use the plural form that would be appropriate in your language in this occurrence and all other occurrences of “you” and “your” in this letter, except for in [4:3](../04/3.md). A note will discuss the one exception in [4:3](../04/3.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
PHP 2 5 kwoe figs-imperative τοῦτο φρονεῖτε 1 This is a command to the Philippian Christians in the plural form. If your language has a plural command form, use it here. Alternate translation: “Everyone of you have this attitude” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
PHP 2 5 kwoe τοῦτο φρονεῖτε 1 This is a command to the Philippian Christians in the plural form. If your language has a plural command form, use it here. Alternate translation: “Everyone of you have this attitude”
PHP 2 5 acmu figs-explicit ὃ καὶ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 Here, the phrase **attitude…in Christ Jesus** means the attitude and disposition which existed in Christ Jesus and therefore characterized his behavior. The phrase **this attitude…which also was in Christ Jesus** therefore refers to the attitude or way of thinking that belonged to Christ Jesus. Alternate translation: “which also belonged to Christ Jesus” or “which Christ Jesus also had” or “which Christ Jesus also displayed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PHP 2 6 hs4q ἐν μορφῇ Θεοῦ ὑπάρχων 1 existing in the form of God Alternate translation: “though everything that is true of God was true of him”
PHP 2 6 xo2l ἐν μορφῇ Θεοῦ ὑπάρχων 1 The phrase **existing in the form of God** means that Jesus had the very nature of God. It does not mean that Jesus only appeared to be God but was not. This phrase is saying that Jesus was fully God. The rest of this verse, and the next two verses, explain that Jesus, while being fully God, humbled himself and acted as a servant in obedience to God. Avoid any translation that would suggest that Jesus was not fully God. Alternate translation: “being fully God”
@ -159,21 +159,34 @@ PHP 2 10 tk45 figs-idiom ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι Ἰησοῦ, πᾶν γό
PHP 2 10 xz1u figs-metonymy ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι Ἰησοῦ, πᾶν γόνυ κάμψῃ 1 at the name of Jesus every knee would bend Here, **at the name of** is a metonym for the person, telling who it is they will worship. Alternate translation: “every person will worship Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP 2 10 ec1a ὀνόματι 1 See how you translated **name** in [2:9](../02/9.md).
PHP 2 10 xn7a ἐπουρανίων καὶ ἐπιγείων καὶ καταχθονίων 1 The phrase **in heaven and on earth and under the earth** literally means “of heavenly things and of earthly things and of things under the earth” or “of heavenly beings and of earthly beings and of beings under the earth”. This phrase refers to all beings, including human beings and angels. This phrase emphasizes that all beings everywhere will bow in reverence to Jesus. Alternate translation: “every being in heaven, and on earth, and under the earth”<br><br> 
PHP 2 11 xy4f figs-synecdoche πᾶσα γλῶσσα 1 every tongue Here, **tongue** refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “every person” or “every being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PHP 2 11 mr2i figs-metaphor εἰς δόξαν Θεοῦ Πατρὸς 1 to the glory of God the Father Here the word **to** expresses result: “with the result that they will praise God the Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 2 12 jnp3 0 Connecting Statement: Paul encourages the Philippian believers and shows them how to live the Christian life before others and reminds them of his example.
PHP 2 12 e359 ἀγαπητοί μου 1 my beloved “my dear fellow believers”
PHP 2 12 c1ix ἐν τῇ παρουσίᾳ μου 1 in my presence “when I am there with you”
PHP 2 11 xy4f figs-metonymy πᾶσα γλῶσσα ἐξομολογήσηται 1 every tongue Here, Paul uses the word **tongue** figuratively to represent the mouth and what comes out of the mouth. Paul is figuratively describing what is said by associating it with the the tongue. If this is not clear in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “every mouth will declare” or “every being will say” or “everyone will say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PHP 2 11 mr2i grammar-connect-logic-goal εἰς δόξαν Θεοῦ Πατρὸς 1 to the glory of God the Father Here, the word **to** expresses result. Alternate translation: “with the result that God the Father will be honored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
PHP 2 12 jnp3 grammar-connect-words-phrases ὥστε 0 Connecting Statement: The phrase **So then** shows that [2:5-11](../2/5-11.md) is logically connected to [2:12-18](../2/12-18.md). The phrase **So then** introduces this section [2:12-18](../2/12-18.md) in which Paul gives practical directions regarding how the Philippian Christians should apply what Paul wrote about in [2:5-11](../2/5-11.md). The phrase **So then** shows that what follows it is the desired result of what precedes it in [2:5-11](../2/5-11.md). Consider the best word or phrase, in your language, to express the meaning of this phrase. Alternate translation: “Therefore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
PHP 2 12 e359 ἀγαπητοί μου 1 my beloved Here, the word **beloved** refers to the Christians in Philippi. Paul uses this word to express how much he loves the Christians in Philippi. Consider the using an equivalent phrase in your language that would express love and affection. Alternate translation: “my dear fellow believers”
PHP 2 12 c1ix ὡς ἐν τῇ παρουσίᾳ μου 1 in my presence “when I am there with you”
PHP 2 12 u5ng ἐν τῇ ἀπουσίᾳ μου 1 in my absence “when I am not there with you”
PHP 2 12 j897 figs-abstractnouns μετὰ φόβου καὶ τρόμου τὴν ἑαυτῶν σωτηρίαν κατεργάζεσθε 1 work out your own salvation with fear and trembling The abstract noun **salvation** can be expressed with a phrase about God saving people. Alternate translation: “with fear and trembling, continue to work hard to do what is proper for those whom God saves” or “with awe and reverence for God, work hard to do the good things that show that he has saved you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PHP 2 12 cm1s figs-doublet μετὰ φόβου καὶ τρόμου 1 with fear and trembling Paul uses the words **fear** and **trembling** together to show the attitude of reverence that people should have for God. Alternate translation: “trembling with fear” or “with deep reverence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PHP 2 13 m6b8 καὶ τὸ θέλειν, καὶ τὸ ἐνεργεῖν, ὑπὲρ τῆς εὐδοκίας 1 both to will and to work for his good pleasure “so that you will want to do what pleases him and will be able to do what pleases him”
PHP 2 15 z2lz figs-doublet ἄμεμπτοι καὶ ἀκέραιοι 1 blameless and pure The words **blameless** and **pure** are very similar in meaning and are used together to strenghten the idea. Alternate translation: “completely innocent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PHP 2 15 p71u figs-metaphor φαίνεσθε ὡς φωστῆρες ἐν κόσμῳ 1 you shine as lights in the world Light represents goodness and truth. To **shine as lights in the world** represents living in a good and righteous way so that people in the world can see that God is good and true. Alternate translation: “you will be examples of goodness and truth in the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 2 15 jb7y figs-doublet μέσον γενεᾶς σκολιᾶς καὶ διεστραμμένης…ἐν κόσμῳ 1 in the world, in the midst of a crooked and depraved generation Here the word **world** refers to the people of the world. The words **crooked** and **depraved** are used together to emphasize that the people are very sinful. Alternate translation: “in the world, among people who are very sinful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PHP 2 16 u3qb figs-metaphor λόγον ζωῆς ἐπέχοντες 1 holding forth the word of life Here, **holding forth** represents firmly believing. Alternate translation: “continuing to firmly believe the word of life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 2 16 eq86 λόγον ζωῆς 1 the word of life “the message that brings life” or “the message that shows how to live the way God wants you to”
PHP 2 16 q7y8 εἰς ἡμέραν Χριστοῦ 1 on the day of Christ This refers to when Jesus comes back to set up his kingdom and rule over the earth. Alternate translation: “when Christ returns”
PHP 2 12 j897 figs-abstractnouns μετὰ φόβου καὶ τρόμου τὴν ἑαυτῶν σωτηρίαν κατεργάζεσθε 1 work out your own salvation with fear and trembling The abstract noun **salvation** can be expressed with a phrase about God saving people. If using the abstract noun **salvation** would not make sense in your language consider another way to express this idea such as using a verbal form, an adverb, or an adjective to describe God’s saving work. Alternate translation: “with fear and trembling, continue to work hard to do what is proper for those whom God saves” or “with awe and reverence for God, work to do good things as those whom God has saved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PHP 2 12 cm1s figs-doublet μετὰ φόβου καὶ τρόμου 1 with fear and trembling Paul uses the words **fear** and **trembling** together to show the attitude of reverence that people should have for God. Consider the best way to express this idea in your language. These words have very similar meanings so you may express them as one idea or translate them as two separate expressions. Consider what would be most clear in your language. Alternate translation: “with awe and reverence for God” or “with deep reverence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PHP 2 13 fc9l ἐνεργῶν 1 In the original language Paul wrote this letter in, the word **working** expresses continuous action and highlights the ongoing nature of God’s work in believers. Consider the best way to express the continuous nature of this word in your language. Alternate translation: “continually working”
PHP 2 13 wgc1 figs-yousingular Θεὸς γάρ ἐστιν ὁ ἐνεργῶν ἐν ὑμῖν 1 The word **you** is plural and refers to the Philippian believers. See how you translated **you** in the previous verses. In this letter, with one exception, the words **you** and **your** are plural and refer to the Philippian Christians. If your language uses different forms to show when “you” and “your” refer to one person and when they refer to more than one person, use the plural form that would be appropriate in your language in this occurrence and all other occurrences of “you” and “your” in this letter, except for in [4:3](../04/3.md). Alternate translation: “For God is working in the hearts of each of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
PHP 2 13 qy5x figs-extrainfo ἐν ὑμῖν 1 The phrase **in you** could refer to: (1) God working individually within the heart of each of the Philippian believers. See UST. (2) God working among the Philippian believers as a whole. Alternate translation: “among you” (3) both option one and two simultaneously. Alternate translation: “in and among you”. If your language allows you to keep the object of God’s work ambiguous, as it is in the ULT, this is the preferable option. If your language does not allow for this, choose one of the options above. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])
PHP 2 13 m6b8 καὶ τὸ θέλειν, καὶ τὸ ἐνεργεῖν, ὑπὲρ τῆς εὐδοκίας 1 both to will and to work for his good pleasure Alternate translation: “to enable you to both desire to do, and to do, the things which him happy” or “so that you will want to do what pleases him, and will be able to do what pleases him”
PHP 2 14 gy6p πάντα ποιεῖτε χωρὶς γογγυσμῶν καὶ διαλογισμῶν 1 The phrase **Do all things without** is a command to all of the Philippian Christians and is in the plural form in the original language that Paul wrote this letter in. If your language has a plural command form, use it here. Alternate translation: “Every one of you, make sure that you do not complain or argue in anything you do”
PHP 2 15 z2lz figs-doublet ἄμεμπτοι καὶ ἀκέραιοι 1 blameless and pure The words **blameless** and **pure** are very similar in meaning and are used together to emphasize the idea of living a morally pure life. You may translate these words individually, as the ULT does, or combine them together into one idea and express their meaning together as a single expression. Consider what would be most clear in your language. Alternate translation: “completely innocent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PHP 2 15 sp0g τέκνα Θεοῦ 1 The phrase **children of God** refers to Christians. This phrase does not refer to biological children. Consider the best way to express this idea in your language. Alternate translation: “God’s spiritual children” or “spiritual children of God”
PHP 2 15 naly figs-abstractnouns ἄμωμα 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **blemish** with an adjective such as “faultless” or “unstained” or by using a verbal phrase that would express the idea of not doing or participating in evil. Alternate translation: “faultless” or “unstained” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PHP 2 15 im15 ἄμωμα 1 The phrase **without blemish** means to be free from flaws or defects. Here, the phrase **without blemish** specifically means to be free from moral flaws or corruption. Consider using an equivalent phrase from your language that would make sense in this context or use plain language. Alternate translation: “who abstain from all evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>
PHP 2 15 p71u figs-metaphor φαίνεσθε ὡς φωστῆρες ἐν κόσμῳ 1 you shine as lights in the world Here, the word light represents truth and living in a righteous way that points to what is true and good. Light, is often used metaphorically in the Bible to represent truth and righteous living that aligns with truth. In the Bible, light is often contrasted with darkness, which represents falsehood and living according to it. To **shine as lights in the world** means to live in a way that helps people see God’s truth and character. If this would not be clear in your language, consider using an equivalent expression from your language that would clearly express the idea behind this phrase. Alternate translation: “you will be examples of God’s goodness and truth in the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 2 15 f957 figs-explicit ἐν οἷς φαίνεσθε ὡς φωστῆρες ἐν κόσμῳ 1 Here, the word **world** refers to the people living in the world. If this would be unclear in your language, consider stating this using an equivalent expression from your language or use plain language. Alternate translation: “among whom you shine as lights before the people of the world, in the midst of an evil generation” or “among whom you shine as lights, as you live in the midst of the crooked and perverse people of this world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PHP 2 15 jb7y figs-doublet μέσον γενεᾶς σκολιᾶς καὶ διεστραμμένης 1 in the world, in the midst of a crooked and depraved generation The words **crooked** and **depraved** are used together to emphasize the idea of extreme sinfulness. These two words are very similar in meaning. You may translate these words individually, as the ULT does, or combine them together into one idea and express their meaning together as a single expression. Consider what would be most clear in your language. Alternate translation: “among people who are very sinful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PHP 2 16 u3qb λόγον ζωῆς ἐπέχοντες 1 holding forth the word of life Here, **holding forth** could mean: (1) holding out to others the word of life. Alternate translation: “holding out the word of life” or “offering the word of life” (2) holding firmly to the word of life. Alternate translation: “holding tightly to the word of life” or “holding firmly to the word of life”
PHP 2 16 cher λόγον ζωῆς ἐπέχοντες 1 The phrase **holding forth the word of life** continues the thought from the previous verse and shows in more detail how Christians can become **blameless and pure, children of God** who **shine as lights in the world**. <br>Consider the best way to show this connection in your language. Alternate translation: “as you hold forth the word of life”
PHP 2 16 eq86 figs-explicit<br><br><br> λόγον ζωῆς 1 the word of life The phrase **word of life** refers to the the good news about Jesus. If this would be unclear in your language consider translating this phrase in plain language. Alternate translation: “the message that gives life” or “the life giving gospel” or “the life giving message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>
PHP 2 16 nmix figs-metonymy λόγον 1 Here, the phrase **the word** means “the gospel”. In his writings, Paul often uses **word** to refer to the message of the gospel. In doing this Paul is figuratively describing something Christians communicate to others by associating it with words. If this is not clear in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “the message” or “the gospel” or “the good news”. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])<br>
PHP 2 16 i448 figs-explicit λόγον ζωῆς 1 The phrase **the word of life** could mean: (1) the word that gives people life. Alternate translation: “the word that gives life” (2) the word that is about and gives life. Alternate translation: “the word that is about and gives life” (3) the word which contains life and has the ability to give people life. Alternate translation: “the word that contains and gives life”. If your language allows you to keep the phrase **the word of life** ambiguous this is the best option. If your language does not allow you to do this you may specify clearly how the phrase **of life** is related to **the word**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PHP 2 16 esvd figs-explicit εἰς καύχημα ἐμοὶ 1 Here, **boasting** refers to Paul being rightfully proud of God’s work in the lives of the Philippian believers. If it would be clearer in your language consider stating this explicitly. Alternate translation: “so that I may be rightfully proud of God’s work in you” or “so that I might glory in God’s work in you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>
PHP 2 16 heo4 εἰς καύχημα ἐμοὶ 1 Alternate translation: “so that I may boast” or “in order that I have good reason to glory”
PHP 2 16 q7y8 figs-explicit εἰς ἡμέραν Χριστοῦ, 1 on the day of Christ The phrase **the day of Christ** refers to the time in the future when Christ will return. If it would be clearer in your language you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “when Christ returns” or “at the time Christ returns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PHP 2 16 m5aq figs-parallelism οὐκ εἰς κενὸν ἔδραμον, οὐδὲ εἰς κενὸν ἐκοπίασα 1 I did not run in vain nor labor in vain The phrases **run in vain** and **labor in vain** here mean the same thing. Paul uses them together to emphasize how hard he has worked to help people believe in Christ. Alternate translation: “I did not work so hard for nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PHP 2 16 m1z7 figs-metaphor ἔδραμον 1 I did … run The scriptures often use the image of walking to represent conducting one’s life. To **run** is to live life intensively. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PHP 2 17 bky1 figs-metaphor ἀλλ’ εἰ καὶ σπένδομαι ἐπὶ τῇ θυσίᾳ καὶ λειτουργίᾳ τῆς πίστεως ὑμῶν, χαίρω καὶ συνχαίρω πᾶσιν ὑμῖν 1 But even if I am being poured out as an offering on the sacrifice and service of your faith, I am glad and rejoice with you all Paul speaks of his death as if he were a drink **offering** which is **poured out** upon the animal **sacrifice** to honor God. What Paul means is that he would gladly die for the Philippians if that would make them more pleasing to God. Alternate translation: “But, even if the Romans kill me and it is as if my blood pours out as an offering, I will be glad and rejoice with you all if my death will make your faith and obedience more pleasing to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
129 PHP 2 5 pqdc τοῦτο φρονεῖτε ἐν ὑμῖν, ὃ καὶ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 Alternate translation: “Have the same attitude that Christ Jesus had”
130 PHP 2 5 rh98 figs-abstractnouns τοῦτο φρονεῖτε ἐν ὑμῖν, ὃ καὶ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 Have this attitude in you which also was in Christ Jesus If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **attitude** with a verb such as “think.” Alternate translation: “Think about one another the way Christ Jesus thought of people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
131 PHP 2 5 tdb2 figs-yousingular ὑμῖν 1 See how you translated **you** in the previous verses. In this letter, with one exception, the words **you** and **your** are plural and refer to the Philippian Christians. If your language uses different forms to show when “you” and “your” refer to one person and when they refer to more than one person, use the plural form that would be appropriate in your language in this occurrence and all other occurrences of “you” and “your” in this letter, except for in [4:3](../04/3.md). A note will discuss the one exception in [4:3](../04/3.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
132 PHP 2 5 kwoe figs-imperative τοῦτο φρονεῖτε 1 This is a command to the Philippian Christians in the plural form. If your language has a plural command form, use it here. Alternate translation: “Everyone of you have this attitude” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]]) This is a command to the Philippian Christians in the plural form. If your language has a plural command form, use it here. Alternate translation: “Everyone of you have this attitude”
133 PHP 2 5 acmu figs-explicit ὃ καὶ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 Here, the phrase **attitude…in Christ Jesus** means the attitude and disposition which existed in Christ Jesus and therefore characterized his behavior. The phrase **this attitude…which also was in Christ Jesus** therefore refers to the attitude or way of thinking that belonged to Christ Jesus. Alternate translation: “which also belonged to Christ Jesus” or “which Christ Jesus also had” or “which Christ Jesus also displayed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
134 PHP 2 6 hs4q ἐν μορφῇ Θεοῦ ὑπάρχων 1 existing in the form of God Alternate translation: “though everything that is true of God was true of him”
135 PHP 2 6 xo2l ἐν μορφῇ Θεοῦ ὑπάρχων 1 The phrase **existing in the form of God** means that Jesus had the very nature of God. It does not mean that Jesus only appeared to be God but was not. This phrase is saying that Jesus was fully God. The rest of this verse, and the next two verses, explain that Jesus, while being fully God, humbled himself and acted as a servant in obedience to God. Avoid any translation that would suggest that Jesus was not fully God. Alternate translation: “being fully God”
159 PHP 2 10 xz1u figs-metonymy ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι Ἰησοῦ, πᾶν γόνυ κάμψῃ 1 at the name of Jesus every knee would bend Here, **at the name of** is a metonym for the person, telling who it is they will worship. Alternate translation: “every person will worship Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
160 PHP 2 10 ec1a ὀνόματι 1 See how you translated **name** in [2:9](../02/9.md).
161 PHP 2 10 xn7a ἐπουρανίων καὶ ἐπιγείων καὶ καταχθονίων 1 The phrase **in heaven and on earth and under the earth** literally means “of heavenly things and of earthly things and of things under the earth” or “of heavenly beings and of earthly beings and of beings under the earth”. This phrase refers to all beings, including human beings and angels. This phrase emphasizes that all beings everywhere will bow in reverence to Jesus. Alternate translation: “every being in heaven, and on earth, and under the earth”<br><br> 
162 PHP 2 11 xy4f figs-synecdoche figs-metonymy πᾶσα γλῶσσα πᾶσα γλῶσσα ἐξομολογήσηται 1 every tongue Here, **tongue** refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “every person” or “every being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) Here, Paul uses the word **tongue** figuratively to represent the mouth and what comes out of the mouth. Paul is figuratively describing what is said by associating it with the the tongue. If this is not clear in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “every mouth will declare” or “every being will say” or “everyone will say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
163 PHP 2 11 mr2i figs-metaphor grammar-connect-logic-goal εἰς δόξαν Θεοῦ Πατρὸς 1 to the glory of God the Father Here the word **to** expresses result: “with the result that they will praise God the Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Here, the word **to** expresses result. Alternate translation: “with the result that God the Father will be honored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
164 PHP 2 12 jnp3 grammar-connect-words-phrases ὥστε 0 Connecting Statement: Paul encourages the Philippian believers and shows them how to live the Christian life before others and reminds them of his example. The phrase **So then** shows that [2:5-11](../2/5-11.md) is logically connected to [2:12-18](../2/12-18.md). The phrase **So then** introduces this section [2:12-18](../2/12-18.md) in which Paul gives practical directions regarding how the Philippian Christians should apply what Paul wrote about in [2:5-11](../2/5-11.md). The phrase **So then** shows that what follows it is the desired result of what precedes it in [2:5-11](../2/5-11.md). Consider the best word or phrase, in your language, to express the meaning of this phrase. Alternate translation: “Therefore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
165 PHP 2 12 e359 ἀγαπητοί μου 1 my beloved “my dear fellow believers” Here, the word **beloved** refers to the Christians in Philippi. Paul uses this word to express how much he loves the Christians in Philippi. Consider the using an equivalent phrase in your language that would express love and affection. Alternate translation: “my dear fellow believers”
166 PHP 2 12 c1ix ἐν τῇ παρουσίᾳ μου ὡς ἐν τῇ παρουσίᾳ μου 1 in my presence “when I am there with you”
167 PHP 2 12 u5ng ἐν τῇ ἀπουσίᾳ μου 1 in my absence “when I am not there with you”
168 PHP 2 12 j897 figs-abstractnouns μετὰ φόβου καὶ τρόμου τὴν ἑαυτῶν σωτηρίαν κατεργάζεσθε 1 work out your own salvation with fear and trembling The abstract noun **salvation** can be expressed with a phrase about God saving people. Alternate translation: “with fear and trembling, continue to work hard to do what is proper for those whom God saves” or “with awe and reverence for God, work hard to do the good things that show that he has saved you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) The abstract noun **salvation** can be expressed with a phrase about God saving people. If using the abstract noun **salvation** would not make sense in your language consider another way to express this idea such as using a verbal form, an adverb, or an adjective to describe God’s saving work. Alternate translation: “with fear and trembling, continue to work hard to do what is proper for those whom God saves” or “with awe and reverence for God, work to do good things as those whom God has saved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
169 PHP 2 12 cm1s figs-doublet μετὰ φόβου καὶ τρόμου 1 with fear and trembling Paul uses the words **fear** and **trembling** together to show the attitude of reverence that people should have for God. Alternate translation: “trembling with fear” or “with deep reverence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) Paul uses the words **fear** and **trembling** together to show the attitude of reverence that people should have for God. Consider the best way to express this idea in your language. These words have very similar meanings so you may express them as one idea or translate them as two separate expressions. Consider what would be most clear in your language. Alternate translation: “with awe and reverence for God” or “with deep reverence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
170 PHP 2 13 m6b8 fc9l καὶ τὸ θέλειν, καὶ τὸ ἐνεργεῖν, ὑπὲρ τῆς εὐδοκίας ἐνεργῶν 1 both to will and to work for his good pleasure “so that you will want to do what pleases him and will be able to do what pleases him” In the original language Paul wrote this letter in, the word **working** expresses continuous action and highlights the ongoing nature of God’s work in believers. Consider the best way to express the continuous nature of this word in your language. Alternate translation: “continually working”
171 PHP 2 15 13 z2lz wgc1 figs-doublet figs-yousingular ἄμεμπτοι καὶ ἀκέραιοι Θεὸς γάρ ἐστιν ὁ ἐνεργῶν ἐν ὑμῖν 1 blameless and pure The words **blameless** and **pure** are very similar in meaning and are used together to strenghten the idea. Alternate translation: “completely innocent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) The word **you** is plural and refers to the Philippian believers. See how you translated **you** in the previous verses. In this letter, with one exception, the words **you** and **your** are plural and refer to the Philippian Christians. If your language uses different forms to show when “you” and “your” refer to one person and when they refer to more than one person, use the plural form that would be appropriate in your language in this occurrence and all other occurrences of “you” and “your” in this letter, except for in [4:3](../04/3.md). Alternate translation: “For God is working in the hearts of each of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]])
172 PHP 2 15 13 p71u qy5x figs-metaphor figs-extrainfo φαίνεσθε ὡς φωστῆρες ἐν κόσμῳ ἐν ὑμῖν 1 you shine as lights in the world Light represents goodness and truth. To **shine as lights in the world** represents living in a good and righteous way so that people in the world can see that God is good and true. Alternate translation: “you will be examples of goodness and truth in the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) The phrase **in you** could refer to: (1) God working individually within the heart of each of the Philippian believers. See UST. (2) God working among the Philippian believers as a whole. Alternate translation: “among you” (3) both option one and two simultaneously. Alternate translation: “in and among you”. If your language allows you to keep the object of God’s work ambiguous, as it is in the ULT, this is the preferable option. If your language does not allow for this, choose one of the options above. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo]])
173 PHP 2 15 13 jb7y m6b8 figs-doublet μέσον γενεᾶς σκολιᾶς καὶ διεστραμμένης…ἐν κόσμῳ καὶ τὸ θέλειν, καὶ τὸ ἐνεργεῖν, ὑπὲρ τῆς εὐδοκίας 1 in the world, in the midst of a crooked and depraved generation both to will and to work for his good pleasure Here the word **world** refers to the people of the world. The words **crooked** and **depraved** are used together to emphasize that the people are very sinful. Alternate translation: “in the world, among people who are very sinful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) Alternate translation: “to enable you to both desire to do, and to do, the things which him happy” or “so that you will want to do what pleases him, and will be able to do what pleases him”
174 PHP 2 16 14 u3qb gy6p figs-metaphor λόγον ζωῆς ἐπέχοντες πάντα ποιεῖτε χωρὶς γογγυσμῶν καὶ διαλογισμῶν 1 holding forth the word of life Here, **holding forth** represents firmly believing. Alternate translation: “continuing to firmly believe the word of life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) The phrase **Do all things without** is a command to all of the Philippian Christians and is in the plural form in the original language that Paul wrote this letter in. If your language has a plural command form, use it here. Alternate translation: “Every one of you, make sure that you do not complain or argue in anything you do”
175 PHP 2 16 15 eq86 z2lz figs-doublet λόγον ζωῆς ἄμεμπτοι καὶ ἀκέραιοι 1 the word of life blameless and pure “the message that brings life” or “the message that shows how to live the way God wants you to” The words **blameless** and **pure** are very similar in meaning and are used together to emphasize the idea of living a morally pure life. You may translate these words individually, as the ULT does, or combine them together into one idea and express their meaning together as a single expression. Consider what would be most clear in your language. Alternate translation: “completely innocent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
176 PHP 2 16 15 q7y8 sp0g εἰς ἡμέραν Χριστοῦ τέκνα Θεοῦ 1 on the day of Christ This refers to when Jesus comes back to set up his kingdom and rule over the earth. Alternate translation: “when Christ returns” The phrase **children of God** refers to Christians. This phrase does not refer to biological children. Consider the best way to express this idea in your language. Alternate translation: “God’s spiritual children” or “spiritual children of God”
177 PHP 2 15 naly figs-abstractnouns ἄμωμα 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **blemish** with an adjective such as “faultless” or “unstained” or by using a verbal phrase that would express the idea of not doing or participating in evil. Alternate translation: “faultless” or “unstained” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
178 PHP 2 15 im15 ἄμωμα 1 The phrase **without blemish** means to be free from flaws or defects. Here, the phrase **without blemish** specifically means to be free from moral flaws or corruption. Consider using an equivalent phrase from your language that would make sense in this context or use plain language. Alternate translation: “who abstain from all evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>
179 PHP 2 15 p71u figs-metaphor φαίνεσθε ὡς φωστῆρες ἐν κόσμῳ 1 you shine as lights in the world Here, the word light represents truth and living in a righteous way that points to what is true and good. Light, is often used metaphorically in the Bible to represent truth and righteous living that aligns with truth. In the Bible, light is often contrasted with darkness, which represents falsehood and living according to it. To **shine as lights in the world** means to live in a way that helps people see God’s truth and character. If this would not be clear in your language, consider using an equivalent expression from your language that would clearly express the idea behind this phrase. Alternate translation: “you will be examples of God’s goodness and truth in the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
180 PHP 2 15 f957 figs-explicit ἐν οἷς φαίνεσθε ὡς φωστῆρες ἐν κόσμῳ 1 Here, the word **world** refers to the people living in the world. If this would be unclear in your language, consider stating this using an equivalent expression from your language or use plain language. Alternate translation: “among whom you shine as lights before the people of the world, in the midst of an evil generation” or “among whom you shine as lights, as you live in the midst of the crooked and perverse people of this world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
181 PHP 2 15 jb7y figs-doublet μέσον γενεᾶς σκολιᾶς καὶ διεστραμμένης 1 in the world, in the midst of a crooked and depraved generation The words **crooked** and **depraved** are used together to emphasize the idea of extreme sinfulness. These two words are very similar in meaning. You may translate these words individually, as the ULT does, or combine them together into one idea and express their meaning together as a single expression. Consider what would be most clear in your language. Alternate translation: “among people who are very sinful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
182 PHP 2 16 u3qb λόγον ζωῆς ἐπέχοντες 1 holding forth the word of life Here, **holding forth** could mean: (1) holding out to others the word of life. Alternate translation: “holding out the word of life” or “offering the word of life” (2) holding firmly to the word of life. Alternate translation: “holding tightly to the word of life” or “holding firmly to the word of life”
183 PHP 2 16 cher λόγον ζωῆς ἐπέχοντες 1 The phrase **holding forth the word of life** continues the thought from the previous verse and shows in more detail how Christians can become **blameless and pure, children of God** who **shine as lights in the world**. <br>Consider the best way to show this connection in your language. Alternate translation: “as you hold forth the word of life”
184 PHP 2 16 eq86 figs-explicit<br><br><br> λόγον ζωῆς 1 the word of life The phrase **word of life** refers to the the good news about Jesus. If this would be unclear in your language consider translating this phrase in plain language. Alternate translation: “the message that gives life” or “the life giving gospel” or “the life giving message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>
185 PHP 2 16 nmix figs-metonymy λόγον 1 Here, the phrase **the word** means “the gospel”. In his writings, Paul often uses **word** to refer to the message of the gospel. In doing this Paul is figuratively describing something Christians communicate to others by associating it with words. If this is not clear in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or plain language. Alternate translation: “the message” or “the gospel” or “the good news”. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])<br>
186 PHP 2 16 i448 figs-explicit λόγον ζωῆς 1 The phrase **the word of life** could mean: (1) the word that gives people life. Alternate translation: “the word that gives life” (2) the word that is about and gives life. Alternate translation: “the word that is about and gives life” (3) the word which contains life and has the ability to give people life. Alternate translation: “the word that contains and gives life”. If your language allows you to keep the phrase **the word of life** ambiguous this is the best option. If your language does not allow you to do this you may specify clearly how the phrase **of life** is related to **the word**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
187 PHP 2 16 esvd figs-explicit εἰς καύχημα ἐμοὶ 1 Here, **boasting** refers to Paul being rightfully proud of God’s work in the lives of the Philippian believers. If it would be clearer in your language consider stating this explicitly. Alternate translation: “so that I may be rightfully proud of God’s work in you” or “so that I might glory in God’s work in you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>
188 PHP 2 16 heo4 εἰς καύχημα ἐμοὶ 1 Alternate translation: “so that I may boast” or “in order that I have good reason to glory”
189 PHP 2 16 q7y8 figs-explicit εἰς ἡμέραν Χριστοῦ, 1 on the day of Christ The phrase **the day of Christ** refers to the time in the future when Christ will return. If it would be clearer in your language you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “when Christ returns” or “at the time Christ returns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
190 PHP 2 16 m5aq figs-parallelism οὐκ εἰς κενὸν ἔδραμον, οὐδὲ εἰς κενὸν ἐκοπίασα 1 I did not run in vain nor labor in vain The phrases **run in vain** and **labor in vain** here mean the same thing. Paul uses them together to emphasize how hard he has worked to help people believe in Christ. Alternate translation: “I did not work so hard for nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
191 PHP 2 16 m1z7 figs-metaphor ἔδραμον 1 I did … run The scriptures often use the image of walking to represent conducting one’s life. To **run** is to live life intensively. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
192 PHP 2 17 bky1 figs-metaphor ἀλλ’ εἰ καὶ σπένδομαι ἐπὶ τῇ θυσίᾳ καὶ λειτουργίᾳ τῆς πίστεως ὑμῶν, χαίρω καὶ συνχαίρω πᾶσιν ὑμῖν 1 But even if I am being poured out as an offering on the sacrifice and service of your faith, I am glad and rejoice with you all Paul speaks of his death as if he were a drink **offering** which is **poured out** upon the animal **sacrifice** to honor God. What Paul means is that he would gladly die for the Philippians if that would make them more pleasing to God. Alternate translation: “But, even if the Romans kill me and it is as if my blood pours out as an offering, I will be glad and rejoice with you all if my death will make your faith and obedience more pleasing to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])