diff --git a/translate/figs-possession/01.md b/translate/figs-possession/01.md index 70023a6..097f590 100644 --- a/translate/figs-possession/01.md +++ b/translate/figs-possession/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,21 @@ ### Description -In common English, possession refers to having something, or to something that a person has. In English, that grammatical relationship is shown by using the word **“**of**,”** by using an apostrophe and the letter “s”, or by using a possessive pronoun. +In English, the grammatical form that commonly indicates possession is also used to indicate a variety of relationships between people and objects or people and other people. In English, that grammatical relationship is shown by using the word “**of**,” by using **an apostrophe and the letter “s”**, or by using a **possessive pronoun**. The following examples are different ways to indicate that my grandfather owns a house. * the house **of** my grandfather -* my grandfather**‘s** house +* my grandfather **‘s** house * **his** house Possession is used in Hebrew, Greek, and English for a variety of situations. Here are a few common situations that it is used for. * Ownership – Someone owns something. * My clothes – The clothes that I own -* Social relationship – Someone has some kind of social relationship with another. +* Social Relationship – Someone has some kind of social relationship with another. * my mother – the woman who gave birth to me, or the woman who cared for me * my teacher – the person who teaches me +* Association – A particular thing is associated with a particular person, place, or thing. + * David's sickness – the sickness that David is experiencing + * the fear of the Lord – the fear that is appropriate for a human being to have when relating to the Lord * Contents – Something has something in it. * a bag of clothes – a bag that has clothes in it, or a bag that is full of clothes * Part and whole: One thing is part of another. @@ -21,8 +24,8 @@ Possession is used in Hebrew, Greek, and English for a variety of situations. He #### Reasons This Is a Translation Issue -* You (the translator) need to understand the relationship between two ideas represented by the two nouns when one possesses the other. -* Some languages do not use possession for all of the situations that your source text Bible might use it for. +* You (the translator) need to understand the relationship between two ideas represented by the two nouns when one is in the grammatical relationship of possessing the other. +* Some languages do not use grammatical possession for all of the situations that your source text Bible might use it for. ### Examples From the Bible @@ -34,6 +37,10 @@ Possession is used in Hebrew, Greek, and English for a variety of situations. He > Then **the disciples of John** came to him. (Matthew 9:14a ULT) +**Association** – In the example below, the gospel is the message associated with Paul because he preaches it. + +> Remember Jesus Christ, raised from the dead, from the seed of David, according to **my gospel**, (2 Timothy 2:8 ULT) + **Material** – In the example below, the material used for making the crowns was gold. > On their heads were something like **crowns of gold.** (Revelation 9:7b) @@ -91,13 +98,13 @@ If possession would be a natural way to show a particular relationship between t ### Examples of Translation Strategies Applied -(1) Use an adjective to show that one noun describes the other. The adjective below is in bold print. +(1) Use an adjective to show that one noun describes the other. > On their heads were something like **crowns of gold.** (Revelation 9:7b) > > > “On their heads were **gold crowns**” -(2) Use a verb to show how the two are related. In the example below, the added verb is in bold. +(2) Use a verb to show how the two are related. > Whoever gives you **a cup of water** to drink … will not lose his reward. (Mark 9:41 ULT) > @@ -106,19 +113,19 @@ If possession would be a natural way to show a particular relationship between t > Wealth is worthless on **the day of wrath.** (Proverbs 11:4a ULT) > > > Wealth is worthless on **the day when God shows his wrath**. -> > +> > or: > > Wealth is worthless on the **day when God punishes people because of his wrath**. -(3) If one of the nouns refers to an event, translate it as a verb. In the example below, that verb is in bold. +(3) If one of the nouns refers to an event, translate it as a verb. (In the example below, there are two possession relationships, "punishment of Yahweh" and "your God.") > Notice that I am not speaking to your children, who have not known or seen **the punishment of Yahweh your God.** (Deuteronomy 11:2a ULT) > -> > Notice that I am not speaking to your children who have not known or seen **how Yahweh your God punished the people of Egypt**. +> > Notice that I am not speaking to your children who have not known or seen **how Yahweh, the God whom you worship, punished the people of Egypt**. > > You will only observe and see the **punishment of the wicked**. (Psalms 91:8 ULT) > > > You will only observe and see **how Yahweh punishes the wicked**. > -> You will receive the gift **of the Holy Spirit**. (Acts 2:38b ULT) +> You will receive **the gift of the Holy Spirit**. (Acts 2:38b ULT) > > > You will receive the **Holy Spirit, whom God will give to you**.