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3.8 KiB
Markdown
57 lines
3.8 KiB
Markdown
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## Logical Relationships
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### Reason and Result Relationships
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#### Definition
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A logical relationship in which one event is the reason or cause for the other another event, which is the result of the other event.
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#### Reason this is a translation issue
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A Reason and Result Relationship can look forward - "I did Y because I wanted X to happen." But usually it is looking backward - "X happened, and so I did Y." Also, it is possible to state the Reason either before or after the Result. Many languages have a preferred order for these, and it is confusing for the reader if they are in the other order. Common words used to indicate a Reason and Result Relationship in English are “because,” “so,” “therefore,” and “for.” Some of these words can also be used to indicate a Goal relationship, so translators need to be aware of the difference between a Goal relationship and a Reason-Result relationship. It is necessary for translators to understand how the two events are connected and then communicate them clearly in their language.
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#### Examples from OBS and the Bible
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> The Jews were amazed, **because** Saul had tried to kill believers, and now he believed in Jesus! (Story 46 Frame 6 OBS)
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The **Reason** is the change in Saul - that he had tried to kill people who believed in Jesus, and now he himself believed in Jesus. The **Result** is that the Jews were amazed. “Because” connects the two ideas and indicates that what follows it is a Reason.
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> Behold, a great storm arose on the sea, **so that** the boat was covered with the waves. (Matthew 8:24 ULT)
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The **Reason** is the great storm, and the **Result** is that the boat was covered with the waves. The two events are connected by “so that.” Notice that “so that” often indicates a Goal relationship, but here the relationship is Reason-Result, because the sea cannot think and therefore does not have a Goal.
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> God blessed the seventh day and sanctified it, **because** in it he rested from all his work which he had done in his creation. (Genesis 2:3 ULT)
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The **Result** is that God blessed and sanctified the seventh day. The **Reason** is because he rested on the seventh day from his work.
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> “Blessed are the poor, **for** yours is the kingdom of God. (Luke 6:20 ULT)
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The **Result** is that the poor are blessed. The **Reason** is that the kingdom of God is theirs.
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> It was their children that Yahweh raised up in their place that Joshua circumcised, **because** they had not been circumcised on the way (Joshua 5:7 ULT)
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The **Result** is that Joshua circumcised the boys and men who had been born in the wilderness. The **Reason** was that they had not been circumcised while they were journeying.
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#### Translation Strategies
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If your language uses Reason-Result relationships in the same way as in the text, then use them as they are.
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1. If the order of the clauses is confusing for the reader, then change the order.
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2. If the relationship between the clauses is not clear, then use a more clear connecting word.
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#### Examples of Translation Strategies Applied
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> God blessed the seventh day and sanctified it, **because** in it he rested from all his work which he had done in his creation. (Genesis 2:3 ULT)
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1. God rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had done in his creation. **That is why** he blessed the seventh day and sanctified it.
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> Blessed are the poor, **for** yours is the kingdom of God. (Luke 6:20 ULT)
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1. The kingdom of God belongs to you who are poor. **Therefore**, the poor are blessed.
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2. “Blessed are the poor, **because** yours is the kingdom of God.
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> Behold, a great storm arose on the sea, **so that** the boat was covered with the waves. (Matthew 8:24 ULT)
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1. Behold, the boat was covered with the waves **because** a great storm arose on the sea.
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2. Behold, a great storm arose on the sea, **with the result that** the boat was covered with the waves.
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