From 9bc870b0afee52f2a0f38c3c78ce1eeca79ab33d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: "Joel D. Ruark" Date: Sat, 21 Nov 2020 01:27:41 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Fix bad UTN links [OBA] (#1539) Update 'en_tn_31-OBA.tsv' Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/1539 --- en_tn_31-OBA.tsv | 24 ++++++++++++------------ 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-) diff --git a/en_tn_31-OBA.tsv b/en_tn_31-OBA.tsv index bdd21807d..e89ef3481 100644 --- a/en_tn_31-OBA.tsv +++ b/en_tn_31-OBA.tsv @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote OBA front intro jrz8 0 # Introduction to Obadiah
## Part 1: General Introduction

### Outline of the Book of Obadiah

1. Yahweh will judge Edom (1:1-16)
- Yahweh will destroy Edom (1:1–9)
- Why Yahweh will destroy Edom (1:10–14)
1. Yahweh will judge the nations (1:15–16)
1. Yahweh will deliver his people (1:17–21)

### What is the Book of Obadiah about?

After Babylon destroyed Jerusalem, the Edomites captured fleeing Jews. Then they gave these Jews over to Babylon. The Book of Obadiah is about Yahweh judging the Edomites for harming his people. This book would be comforting to the exiled people of Judah.

### How should the title of this book be translated?

This book is traditionally titled “The Book of Obadiah” or just “Obadiah.” Translators may decide to use a clearer title such as “The Sayings of Obadiah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

### Who wrote the Book of Obadiah?

The prophet Obadiah probably wrote this book. We know nothing more about Obadiah. His name in Hebrew means “Servant of Yahweh.”

## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts

### What was Edom’s relationship to Israel?

Obadiah referred to Edom as Israel’s brother. This is because the Edomites descended from Esau, and the Israelites descended from Jacob. Jacob and Esau were brothers. This made Edom betraying Israel much worse.

## Part 3: Important Translation Issues

### How do I translate the concept of “pride”?

The Book of Obadiah speaks of the pride of Edom. This meant that the Edomites thought their enemies or Yahweh could not defeat them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/proud]]) -OBA 1 1 xm1w bita-hq חֲז֖וֹן עֹֽבַדְיָ֑ה 1 The vision of Obadiah This is the title of the book. Here “vision” is used in the general sense of a message from Yahweh, rather than to indicate how Obadiah received that message. “Vision” here is a metaphor for a way of getting knowledge from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Alternate translation: “The message that God gave to Obadiah” or “The prophecy of Obadiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]]) +OBA 1 1 xm1w figs-metaphor חֲז֖וֹן עֹֽבַדְיָ֑ה 1 The vision of Obadiah This is the title of the book. Here “vision” is used in the general sense of a message from Yahweh, rather than to indicate how Obadiah received that message. “Vision” here is a metaphor for a way of getting knowledge from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Alternate translation: “The message that God gave to Obadiah” or “The prophecy of Obadiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) OBA 1 1 jdr1 translate-names עֹֽבַדְיָ֑ה 1 Obadiah Some English translations call the prophet Abdias, but Obadiah is the form of his name most commonly used in English. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) OBA 1 1 sv9x כֹּֽה־אָמַר֩ אֲדֹנָ֨⁠י יְהוִ֜ה לֶ⁠אֱד֗וֹם 1 thus says my Lord Yahweh concerning Edom This tells the reader that the entire book is a message about Edom. OBA 1 1 s7if translate-names יְהוִ֜ה 1 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -17,11 +17,11 @@ OBA 1 2 npn6 הִנֵּ֥ה 1 Behold This alerts the people of Edom to pay spec OBA 1 2 l6dc figs-parallelism קָטֹ֛ן נְתַתִּ֖י⁠ךָ בַּ⁠גּוֹיִ֑ם בָּז֥וּי אַתָּ֖ה מְאֹֽד 1 I am making you small among the nations, you are extremely despised These two phrases mean similar things and are used together to emphasize that Edom will lose its important status. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) OBA 1 2 ec8m figs-metaphor קָטֹ֛ן נְתַתִּ֖י⁠ךָ בַּ⁠גּוֹיִ֑ם 1 small among the nations Something insignificant is spoken of figuratively as if it were small in size and could easily be overlooked. Alternate translation: “insignificant among the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) OBA 1 2 ch1u figs-activepassive בָּז֥וּי אַתָּ֖ה מְאֹֽד 1 you are extremely despised You could state this in the active form. Alternate translation: “the people of other nations will hate you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -OBA 1 3 qpw7 bita-hq לִבְּ⁠ךָ֙ 1 of your heart Here the heart is used figuratively to refer to a person’s thoughts and feelings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]]) +OBA 1 3 qpw7 figs-metaphor לִבְּ⁠ךָ֙ 1 of your heart Here the heart is used figuratively to refer to a person’s thoughts and feelings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) OBA 1 3 q6sz בְ⁠חַגְוֵי־סֶּ֖לַע 1 in the clefts of the rock This means a place that is protected because it is surrounded by rocks. OBA 1 3 k9sw figs-123person מְר֣וֹם שִׁבְתּ֑⁠וֹ 1 lofty in his dwelling This says “his” as if Yahweh were talking aloud about Edom rather than to Edom, but it can be translated with “you” as part of Yahweh’s continuing words to the people. Alternate translation: “you who live in the clefts of the rock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) OBA 1 3 r5zj figs-123person אֹמֵ֣ר בְּ⁠לִבּ֔⁠וֹ 1 he who says in his heart This says “he” and “his,” as if Yahweh were talking aloud about Edom rather than to Edom, but it can be translated with “you” as part of Yahweh’s continuing words to the people. Alternate translation: “you who say in your heart” or “you who say to yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -OBA 1 3 jd3r bita-hq בְּ⁠לִבּ֔⁠וֹ 1 in his heart Here the heart is used figuratively to refer to a person’s thoughts and feelings. Alternate translation: “say to yourselves” or “think” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]]) +OBA 1 3 jd3r figs-metaphor בְּ⁠לִבּ֔⁠וֹ 1 in his heart Here the heart is used figuratively to refer to a person’s thoughts and feelings. Alternate translation: “say to yourselves” or “think” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) OBA 1 3 i2hx figs-rquestion מִ֥י יוֹרִדֵ֖⁠נִי אָֽרֶץ 1 Who will bring me down to the ground? The question form shows how proud the Edomites were and how safe they felt. Alternate translation: “No one can bring me down to the ground” or “I am safe from all attackers.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) OBA 1 4 xn9f figs-parallelism אִם־תַּגְבִּ֣יהַּ כַּ⁠נֶּ֔שֶׁר וְ⁠אִם־בֵּ֥ין כּֽוֹכָבִ֖ים שִׂ֣ים קִנֶּ֑⁠ךָ 1 If you make yourself high like the eagle, even if your nest is set between the stars The two expressions have similar meanings. Yahweh is showing that what he is saying is important by saying it more than once in slightly different ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) OBA 1 4 jd5r figs-hyperbole אִם־תַּגְבִּ֣יהַּ כַּ⁠נֶּ֔שֶׁר וְ⁠אִם־בֵּ֥ין כּֽוֹכָבִ֖ים שִׂ֣ים קִנֶּ֑⁠ךָ 1 If you make yourself high like the eagle, even if your nest is set between the stars The people of Edom think they are safe because they live up high in the mountains. Yahweh is saying that even if they lived much higher than it is actually possible for humans to live, they would still not be safe. Alternate translation: “And I tell you that even if you had wings and could fly higher than eagles fly, and if you could make your homes among the stars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ OBA 1 9 jd31 figs-gendernotations אִ֛ישׁ 1 a man Hebrew “man” means OBA 1 9 jd33 אִ֛ישׁ 1 a man Yahweh says in v. 8 that he will destroy the wise men in Edom, and here in v. 9 that the mighty men will be “dismayed” (that is, they will give up trying to fight). The implication is that no one else will escape the invading armies either. Yahweh is basically challenging everyone in Edom by asking, “If the ones you would count on most to rescue you, the wise and the strong, will be destroyed by these attackers, how can anyone else think they will survive?” You can use similar words in verse 8 and 9 to show how this argument develops over these two verses. OBA 1 9 jd35 figs-synecdoche מֵ⁠הַ֥ר עֵשָׂ֖ו 1 from the mountain of Esau As in v. 8, Yahweh is referring to the whole territory by the name of this one part of it. Alternate translation: “who live the land of Edom.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) OBA 1 9 jd37 figs-abstractnouns מִ⁠קָּֽטֶל 1 by slaughter The abstract noun “slaughter” intensifies the idea of being “cut off” or killed. You could use an adverb to translate it. Alternate translation: “completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -OBA 1 10 jd39 bita-hq אָחִ֥י⁠ךָ 1 your brother The term “brother” is being used here to refer to members of a related people group. Alternate translation: “your relatives who are the descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]]) +OBA 1 10 jd39 figs-metonymy אָחִ֥י⁠ךָ 1 your brother The term “brother” is being used here to refer to members of a related people group. Alternate translation: “your relatives who are the descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) OBA 1 10 ui6g figs-personification יַעֲקֹ֖ב 1 Jacob Here the name “Jacob” refers to the people of Judah, who were his descendants. All the people are being portrayed as if they were a single person, their ancestor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) OBA 1 10 jd41 figs-abstractnouns תְּכַסְּ⁠ךָ֣ בוּשָׁ֑ה 1 shame will cover you You could use a verb to translate the abstract noun “shame,” and “you” could do the action instead of receiving it. Alternate translation: “you will feel ashamed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) OBA 1 10 f8g6 figs-idiom תְּכַסְּ⁠ךָ֣ בוּשָׁ֑ה 1 shame will cover you To be “covered” with something is an idiom for fully experiencing it. Alternate translation: “you will be completely ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -93,25 +93,25 @@ OBA 1 15 crs9 קָר֥וֹב…עַל 1 near upon In this context, the expressi OBA 1 15 rd8g figs-explicit כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשִׂ֨יתָ֙ יֵעָ֣שֶׂה לָּ֔⁠ךְ 1 According to what you have done, it will be done to you You can specify who will do the action. “I” means “I, Yahweh” as in the previous sentence. You can also specify the reference of “you.” Alternate translation: “I will do the same things to you people of Edom that you did to others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) OBA 1 15 cr1s figs-activepassive יֵעָ֣שֶׂה לָּ֔⁠ךְ 1 it will be done to you You can use the active form of the verb. Alternate translation: “I will do the same things to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) OBA 1 15 djk9 figs-metaphor גְּמֻלְ⁠ךָ֖ יָשׁ֥וּב 1 your recompense will return This is a metaphor that means “the same things will happen to you.” You could use that as an alternate translation. It’s as if the Edomites have sent bad things out to others, but those things are now going to come back and hurt them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -OBA 1 15 cr3s figs-synecdoche בְּ⁠רֹאשֶֽׁ⁠ךָ 1 on your own head The “head” is being used to represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +OBA 1 15 cr3s figs-synecdoche בְּ⁠רֹאשֶֽׁ⁠ךָ 1 on your own head The “head” is being used to represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) OBA 1 16 nf6s figs-explicit כִּ֗י כַּֽ⁠אֲשֶׁ֤ר שְׁתִיתֶם֙ 1 For according to how you drank As in verse 15, Yahweh is giving the people of Edom the reason why they should have helped the Israelites instead of joining in attacking them. It’s because Yahweh will soon judge all nations for the way they have treated others. You can make this explicit: “You should have helped others, because.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) OBA 1 16 cr5s figs-pastforfuture כַּֽ⁠אֲשֶׁ֤ר שְׁתִיתֶם֙ עַל־הַ֣ר קָדְשִׁ֔⁠י 1 according to how you have drunk on my holy mountain 1. One possibility is that Yahweh is saying he has brought the people of Edom into court at Jerusalem, which is the place where he reigns, and found them guilty and punished them there. As noted earlier, Yahweh may be using the past tense to refer to something that will happen in the future. So an alternate translation would be, “I am going to punish you in the holy place where I reign.” 2. Another possibility is that this is referring to how the people of Judah suffered punishment when Jerusalem was destroyed. Alternate translation: “I punished you when Jerusalem was destroyed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) OBA 1 16 fu2y figs-pastforfuture כַּֽ⁠אֲשֶׁ֤ר שְׁתִיתֶם֙ 1 according to how you have drunk 1. Here Yahweh may be using the past tense to refer to something that will happen in the future. In that case, this would be a reference to what Yahweh says in the previous verse, that the time is coming soon when he will judge and punish all the nations. Alternate translation: “I am going to punish you.” 2. Another possibility is that Yahweh is saying that Edom literally did drink to celebrate the defeat of the people of Judah, but they and the other nations will figuratively “drink” (be punished) in the future. No alternate translation would be needed for this second possible interpretation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]]) -OBA 1 16 cr7s bita-humanbehavior כַּֽ⁠אֲשֶׁ֤ר שְׁתִיתֶם֙ 1 according to how you have drunk Drinking (often in the Old Testament “drinking a cup”) can be a metaphor for being punished. (See Biblical Imagery – Human Behavior) Alternate translation: “I will punish you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-humanbehavior]]) +OBA 1 16 cr7s figs-metaphor כַּֽ⁠אֲשֶׁ֤ר שְׁתִיתֶם֙ 1 according to how you have drunk Drinking (often in the Old Testament “drinking a cup”) can be a metaphor for being punished. Alternate translation: “I will punish you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) OBA 1 16 cr9s figs-you כַּֽ⁠אֲשֶׁ֤ר שְׁתִיתֶם֙ 1 according to how you have drunk “You” is plural. 1. It may mean “you people of Edom.” If so, this would be a continuation of what Yahweh tells them in v. 15, that he will do the same things to them that they did to others. Alternate translation: “I will punish you people of Edom.” 2. The plural could also be referring to all the other nations. Alternate translation: “I will punish you other nations.” 3. This could also be referring to the people of Judah, who figuratively “drank the cup of punishment” when Jerusalem was destroyed. Alternate translation: “I punished you people of Judah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) OBA 1 16 cr11 figs-explicit כַּֽ⁠אֲשֶׁ֤ר שְׁתִיתֶם֙ 1 according to how you have drunk You can show that the people of Edom are not doing this by themselves by specifying that Yahweh is doing it to them. Alternate translation: “I will … punish you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) OBA 1 16 ujj9 figs-metonymy הַ֣ר קָדְשִׁ֔⁠י 1 the mountain of my holiness This means “on Mount Zion” and therefore “in Jerusalem.” Jerusalem is being referred to by the name of something closely associated with it, the mountain that the city is built on. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -OBA 1 16 qz7p bita-humanbehavior יִשְׁתּ֥וּ כָֽל־הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֖ם תָּמִ֑יד 1 all the nations shall drink continually Here once again drinking is a metaphor for punishment. Alternate translation: “I will punish them severely.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-humanbehavior]]) +OBA 1 16 qz7p figs-metaphor יִשְׁתּ֥וּ כָֽל־הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֖ם תָּמִ֑יד 1 all the nations shall drink continually Here once again drinking is a metaphor for punishment. Alternate translation: “I will punish them severely.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) OBA 1 16 a8v3 figs-doublet וְ⁠שָׁת֣וּ וְ⁠לָע֔וּ וְ⁠הָי֖וּ כְּ⁠ל֥וֹא הָיֽוּ 1 And they will drink, and they will swallow, and they will become like they never existed These two words mean something similar and are used together to intensify the meaning. (See: Doublet) Alternate translation: “I will punish them severely.” OBA 1 17 cc36 figs-abstractnouns וּ⁠בְ⁠הַ֥ר צִיּ֛וֹן תִּהְיֶ֥ה פְלֵיטָ֖ה 1 But in the mountain of Zion there will be a remnant The abstract noun **remnant** refers to the people who will still be alive in Jerusalem after Yahweh has finished punishing the other nations. As [1:16](../01/16.md) says, those other nations will disappear completely, but the descendants of Jacob will continue as a people. Alternate translation: “some people in Jerusalem will escape.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) OBA 1 17 y9pz figs-metonymy וְ⁠הָ֣יָה קֹ֑דֶשׁ 1 But in the mountain of Zion This is a figure of speech that refers to Jerusalem by the name of something closely associated with it, the mountain that the city is built on. Alternate translation: “in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) OBA 1 17 b4sh וְ⁠הָ֣יָה קֹ֑דֶשׁ 1 and there will be holiness The word “it” refers to “the mountain of Zion.” Alternate translation: “Jerusalem will be a holy place.” OBA 1 17 cr13 וְ⁠יָֽרְשׁוּ֙ בֵּ֣ית יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב אֵ֖ת מוֹרָֽשֵׁי⁠הֶם 1 and the house of Jacob will possess their own possessions “Possessions” is plural because it refers to each of the Israelite families and clans occupying the lands that were supposed to be passed down to them from generation to generation. But since it refers overall to the land that belongs to all of the descendants of Jacob, you can translate it with a singular word if that is clearer. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Jacob will each possess the land that belongs to them” OBA 1 18 rm2e figs-parallelism וְ⁠הָיָה֩ בֵית־יַעֲקֹ֨ב אֵ֜שׁ וּ⁠בֵ֧ית יוֹסֵ֣ף לֶהָבָ֗ה 1 And the house of Jacob will be a fire, and the house of Joseph a flame The two expressions have similar meanings. Yahweh is showing that what he is saying is important by saying it more than once. However, the actual descendants of Joseph had been taken into exile by Assyria long before this, so they were not really present at this time. Since both expressions refer to all of the Israelites, you could say as an alternative, “The Israelites will be like a fire. Yes, they will be like a flame.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -OBA 1 18 cr15 bita-manmade בֵית־יַעֲקֹ֨ב 1 the house of Jacob Here the word "house" means all the people descended from a particular person. All of the descendants of Jacob are being described figuratively as if they were one household living together. (See: Biblical Imagery – Man-made Objects) Alternate translation: “the Israelites.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-manmade]]) -OBA 1 18 cr17 bita-manmade וּ⁠בֵ֧ית יוֹסֵ֣ף 1 and the house of Joseph The descendants of Joseph are also being described figuratively as if they were one household. Joseph was the son of Jacob, and his descendants made up a large part of the people of Israel. So Yahweh is using his descendants to represent the whole nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-manmade]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -OBA 1 18 yt8j bita-manmade וּ⁠בֵ֤ית עֵשָׂו֙…לְ⁠בֵ֣ית עֵשָׂ֔ו 1 and the house of Esau…for the house of Esau The descendants of Esau (Edom) are also being described figuratively as if they were one household. (See: Biblical Imagery – Man-made Objects) Alternate translation: “the people of Edom.” -OBA 1 18 cr19 bita-phenom אֵ֜שׁ…לֶהָבָ֗ה…לְ⁠קַ֔שׁ 1 fire, flame, stubble Yahweh is saying figuratively that just as fire and flame burn up dry grass until it is all gone, the Israelites who survive will conquer all of Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-phenom]]) +OBA 1 18 cr15 figs-metonymy בֵית־יַעֲקֹ֨ב 1 the house of Jacob Here the word "house" means all the people descended from a particular person. All of the descendants of Jacob are being described figuratively as if they were one household living together. Alternate translation: “the Israelites.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +OBA 1 18 cr17 figs-synecdoche וּ⁠בֵ֧ית יוֹסֵ֣ף 1 and the house of Joseph The descendants of Joseph are also being described figuratively as if they were one household. Joseph was the son of Jacob, and his descendants made up a large part of the people of Israel. So Yahweh is using his descendants to represent the whole nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +OBA 1 18 yt8j figs-metonymy וּ⁠בֵ֤ית עֵשָׂו֙…לְ⁠בֵ֣ית עֵשָׂ֔ו 1 and the house of Esau…for the house of Esau The descendants of Esau (Edom) are also being described figuratively as if they were one household. (See: Biblical Imagery – Man-made Objects) Alternate translation: “the people of Edom.” +OBA 1 18 cr19 figs-metaphor אֵ֜שׁ…לֶהָבָ֗ה…לְ⁠קַ֔שׁ 1 fire, flame, stubble Yahweh is saying figuratively that just as fire and flame burn up dry grass until it is all gone, the Israelites who survive will conquer all of Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) OBA 1 18 cr21 figs-exmetaphor אֵ֜שׁ…לֶהָבָ֗ה…לְ⁠קַ֔שׁ 1 fire, flame, stubble Yahweh is saying that the Israelites are like fire and flame, that the people of Edom are like dry grass, and that the Israelites will do to the people of Edom what fire and flame do to dry grass. This is using the same figurative language to make a series of related points. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]]) OBA 1 18 hj8x figs-metaphor לְ⁠קַ֔שׁ 1 stubble This means the dry pieces of plants that are left in the ground after their stalks have been cut. Alternate translation: “dry grass” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) OBA 1 18 cr23 figs-doublet וְ⁠דָלְק֥וּ בָ⁠הֶ֖ם וַ⁠אֲכָל֑וּ⁠ם 1 And they will burn them, and consume them “Burn” and “consume” mean almost the same thing. Yahweh uses the words together to mean “burn them until they are all burned up.” Alternate translation: “burn them up completely.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) @@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ OBA 1 19 cr31 figs-synecdoche הַ⁠גִּלְעָֽד 1 Gilead This means “t OBA 1 20 xw8x figs-metonymy וְ⁠גָלֻ֣ת הַֽ⁠חֵל־הַ֠⁠זֶּה לִ⁠בְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל 1 And the exile of this host of the sons of Israel This means “people who were captured and taken away from their homes.” You could say that as an alternate translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) OBA 1 20 cr33 figs-explicit וְ⁠גָלֻ֣ת 1 And the exile Yahweh is saying that these people will return, and they will conquer territories as well. You could say that explicitly, for example, “The people who were captured and taken away from their homes will return, and they will capture …” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) OBA 1 20 t8hm הַֽ⁠חֵל 1 host This means “a large number of people.” You could say that as an alternate translation. -OBA 1 20 cr35 bita-hq לִ⁠בְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל 1 the sons of Israel This actually means “the descendants of Israel.” Alternate translation: “the people of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]]) +OBA 1 20 cr35 figs-metonymy לִ⁠בְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל 1 the sons of Israel This actually means “the descendants of Israel.” Alternate translation: “the people of Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) OBA 1 20 cr37 figs-metonymy כְּנַעֲנִים֙ 1 Canaanites This means “the land where the people of Canaan lived.” You could say that as an alternate translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) OBA 1 20 r8cn translate-names עַד־צָ֣רְפַ֔ת 1 as far as Zarephath Zarephath was a Phoenician city north of Israel on the coast of the Mediterranean between Tyre and Sidon. Alternate translation: “as far north as Zarephath” (See: How to Translate Names) OBA 1 20 u5t1 figs-metonymy וְ⁠גָלֻ֥ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם 1 and the exile of Jerusalem This means “the people of Israel who were captured and taken away from Jerusalem.” You could say that as an alternate translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])