Fixed capitalization of inline bold terms in NT
Co-authored-by: Larry Sallee <larry.sallee@unfoldingword.org>
Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/1772
Co-Authored-By: Larry Sallee <lrsallee@noreply.door43.org>
Co-Committed-By: Larry Sallee <lrsallee@noreply.door43.org>
@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ EPH 1 9 u53h ἐν αὐτῷ 1 in him “by means of Christ”
EPH 1 10 n2sl εἰς οἰκονομίαν 1 with a view to an administration A new sentence can be started here. Alternate translation: “He did this with a view to an administration” or “He did this, thinking about a stewardship”
EPH 1 10 em7q τοῦ πληρώματος τῶν καιρῶν 1 of the fullness of time “when the time is right” or “at the time that he has appointed”
EPH 1 10 ab7q ἐν αὐτῷ 1 in him “under his rule” or “under his authority”
EPH 1 11 ww9s figs-exclusive ἐκληρώθημεν, προορισθέντες 1 we were also allotted as a possession. We were predestined The pronouns **we** and **We** are inclusive in this verse. Paul is referring to all Christians, who were predestined to belong to Christ. In verses 12 and 13 he will divide this group into “we” (exclusive) Jewish Christians and “you” Gentile Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
EPH 1 11 ww9s figs-exclusive ἐκληρώθημεν, προορισθέντες 1 we were also allotted as a possession. We were predestined Both pronouns **we** are inclusive in this verse. Paul is referring to all Christians, who were predestined to belong to Christ. In verses 12 and 13 he will divide this group into “we” (exclusive) Jewish Christians and “you” Gentile Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
EPH 1 11 t281 figs-activepassive ἐκληρώθημεν 1 we were also allotted as a possession This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are: (1) “God also chose us to be his possession” or (2) “God also chose us to be heirs.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EPH 1 11 nkf8 figs-activepassive προορισθέντες 1 We were predestined This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God chose us ahead of time” or “God chose us long ago” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EPH 1 12 gj44 figs-exclusive ἡμᾶς…τοὺς προηλπικότας ἐν τῷ Χριστῷ 1 we, who were the first to have confident hope in Christ Here, the word **we** is exclusive and refers to the Jewish believers who first heard the good news, not the believers at Ephesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
EPH 1 13 abcf figs-activepassive ἐσφραγίσθητε 1 you were sealed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has sealed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EPH 1 14 g6dw figs-metaphor ἀρραβὼν τῆς κληρονομίας ἡμῶν 1 a down payment of our inheritance Receiving what God has promised is spoken of in terms of one inheriting property or wealth from a family member. Alternate translation: “an initial portion that we will receive from what God has promised” or “a guarantee that we will receive what God has promised to give us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 1 15 d9qy 0 Connecting Statement: Paul prays for the Ephesian believers and praises God for the power that believers have through Christ.
EPH 1 15 abcc grammar-connect-logic-result διὰ τοῦτο 1 For this reason The connecting phrase **For this reason** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that the Ephesians had believed the gospel and had been sealed by the Holy Spirit. The result is that Paul praises God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 1 15 abcc grammar-connect-logic-result διὰ τοῦτο 1 For this reason The connecting phrase **for this reason** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that the Ephesians had believed the gospel and had been sealed by the Holy Spirit. The result is that Paul praises God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 1 16 scy9 figs-litotes οὐ παύομαι εὐχαριστῶν 1 I have not stopped giving thanks Paul uses **not stopped** to emphasize that he continues to thank God. Alternate translation: “I continue to thank God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
EPH 1 16 aby9 figs-hyperbole οὐ παύομαι εὐχαριστῶν 1 I have not stopped giving thanks Paul uses this exaggeration to emphasize that he thanks God very often. Alternate translation: “I continue to thank God” or “I often thank God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
EPH 1 17 abcd grammar-connect-logic-result ἵνα 1 so that The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that Paul prays for the Ephesians. The result is that God would enlighten the Ephesians about all that he has done for them through Christ. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 2 2 ab9y figs-idiom τοῖς υἱοῖς τῆς ἀπειθείας 1 the sons of disobedience “people who routinely disobey God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EPH 2 3 d3wd figs-metonymy τὰ θελήματα τῆς σαρκὸς καὶ τῶν διανοιῶν 1 the desires of the body and of the mind The words **body** and **mind** represent the entire person. Alternate Translation: “the selfish things that people want to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EPH 2 3 zd6v figs-idiom τέκνα…ὀργῆς 1 children of wrath “people with whom God is angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EPH 2 4 abco grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 But The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. The love and mercy of God is in sharp contrast to the evil way the Ephesians lived before they believed in God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 2 4 abco grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 But The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. The love and mercy of God is in sharp contrast to the evil way the Ephesians lived before they believed in God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 2 4 chm6 figs-abstractnouns Θεὸς πλούσιος ὢν ἐν ἐλέει 1 God is rich in mercy **Mercy** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “God is abundantly merciful” or “God is very kind to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 2 4 hrx9 figs-abstractnouns διὰ τὴν πολλὴν ἀγάπην αὐτοῦ, ἣν ἠγάπησεν ἡμᾶς 1 because of his great love with which he loved us **Love** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “because he loved us so very much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 2 5 h6km figs-activepassive χάριτί ἐστε σεσῳσμένοι 1 by grace you have been saved This can be stated in an active form. Alternate translation: “God saved you by being gracious to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -98,30 +98,30 @@ EPH 2 6 b499 ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις 1 in the heavenly places T
EPH 2 6 m6pq ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 in Christ Jesus **In Christ Jesus** and similar expressions are metaphors that frequently occur in the New Testament letters. They express the strongest kind of relationship possible between Christ and those who believe in him.
EPH 2 7 abcp grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 so that The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a goal relationship. The goal or purpose of God raising up believers and seating them in heaven with Christ is to show the extent of his grace in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
EPH 2 7 y6cf ἐν τοῖς αἰῶσιν, τοῖς ἐπερχομένοις 1 in the ages that are coming “in the future”
EPH 2 8 abcq grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 For The connecting word **For** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that the Ephesians had been saved by God, and not by their own good works. The result is that people would see the grace of God to us in Christ. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 2 8 abcq grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 For The connecting word **for** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that the Ephesians had been saved by God, and not by their own good works. The result is that people would see the grace of God to us in Christ. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 2 8 t9pc figs-activepassive τῇ γὰρ χάριτί ἐστε σεσῳσμένοι διὰ πίστεως 1 For by grace you have been saved through faith This can be stated actively. Alternate translation: “God saved you by grace because of your faith in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EPH 2 8 abpc figs-abstractnouns τῇ γὰρ χάριτί ἐστε σεσῳσμένοι 1 For by grace you have been saved **Grace** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “God saved you as a free gift” or “God saved you because of his extreme kindness to you” See how you translated this phrase in [Ephesians 2:5](../02/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 2 8 r8u8 τοῦτο 1 this The word **this** refers back to **by grace you have been saved by faith**.
EPH 2 9 al4s οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων, ἵνα μή τις καυχήσηται 1 not from works, so that no one may boast You may want to start a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “salvation does not come from works, so that no one may boast” or “God does not save a person because of what that person does, so no one can boast and say that he earned his salvation”
EPH 2 9 abcr grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 so that The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a goal relationship. The goal or purpose of God for saving believers by grace instead of by their works is that no person might boast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
EPH 2 10 abcs grammar-connect-logic-result γάρ 1 For The connecting word **For** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that God is the one who created us to do any good works that we do. The result is that people cannot boast. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 2 10 abcs grammar-connect-logic-result γάρ 1 For The connecting word **for** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that God is the one who created us to do any good works that we do. The result is that people cannot boast. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 2 10 fa4l ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 in Christ Jesus **In Christ Jesus** and similar expressions are metaphors that frequently occur in the New Testament letters. They express the strongest kind of relationship possible between Christ and those who believe in him.
EPH 2 10 abd0 grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 so that The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a goal relationship. The goal or purpose of God creating us as he did is that we would do the good works that he intended for us to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
EPH 2 10 lws4 figs-metaphor ἐν αὐτοῖς περιπατήσωμεν 1 we would walk in them Walking on a path is a metaphor for how a person lives his life. Here, **in them** refers to the **good works**. Alternate translation: “we would always and continually do those good deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 2 11 abct grammar-connect-logic-result διὸ 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that they were saved by God and not by anything they had done on their own. The result is that the Ephesians would remember that they were once separated from God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 2 11 abct grammar-connect-logic-result διὸ 1 Therefore The connecting word **therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that they were saved by God and not by anything they had done on their own. The result is that the Ephesians would remember that they were once separated from God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 2 11 diq1 0 Connecting Statement: Paul reminds these believers that God has now made Gentiles and Jews into one body through Christ and his cross.
EPH 2 11 p7m2 figs-metaphor τὰ ἔθνη ἐν σαρκί 1 Gentiles in the flesh This refers to people who were not born Jewish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 2 11 e76g figs-metonymy ἀκροβυστία 1 uncircumcision Non-Jewish people were not circumcised as babies and thus the Jews considered them people who do not follow any of God’s laws. Alternate translation: “uncircumcised pagans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EPH 2 11 nlf2 figs-metonymy περιτομῆς 1 circumcision This was another term for Jewish people because all male infants were circumcised. Alternate translation: “circumcised people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EPH 2 11 tf9i figs-activepassive ὑπὸ τῆς λεγομένης 1 by those who are called This can be translated with an active form. Alternate translation: “by what people call” or “by those whom people call” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EPH 2 11 fb4r τῆς λεγομένης περιτομῆς ἐν σαρκὶ χειροποιήτου 1 those who are called “circumcised” in the flesh, performed by human hands Possible meanings are (1) “Jews, who are circumcised by humans” or (2) “Jews, who circumcise the physical body.”
EPH 2 12 abcz grammar-connect-logic-result ὅτι 1 For The connecting word **For** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that they were not part of the Jews, who were circumcised. The result is that the Gentile Ephesians were separated from God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 2 12 abcz grammar-connect-logic-result ὅτι 1 For The connecting word **for** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that they were not part of the Jews, who were circumcised. The result is that the Gentile Ephesians were separated from God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 2 12 sti2 figs-metaphor ξένοι τῶν διαθηκῶν τῆς ἐπαγγελίας 1 strangers to the covenants of the promise Paul speaks to the Gentile believers as if they had been foreigners, kept out of the land of God’s covenant and promise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 2 13 abcw grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 But The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. The current condition of the Ephesian Gentile believers, after they believed in Christ, is that they are near to God. That is in contrast to their previous condition, before they believed in Christ, of being separated from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 2 13 abcw grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 But The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. The current condition of the Ephesian Gentile believers, after they believed in Christ, is that they are near to God. That is in contrast to their previous condition, before they believed in Christ, of being separated from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 2 13 uf8m figs-metaphor ὑμεῖς οἵ ποτε ὄντες μακρὰν, ἐγενήθητε ἐγγὺς ἐν τῷ αἵματι τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 you who once were far away have been brought near by the blood of Christ Not belonging to God due to sin is spoken of as being far away from God. Belonging to God because of the blood of Christ is spoken of as being brought near to God. Alternate translation: “you who once did not belong to God now belong to God because of the blood of Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 2 13 tth1 figs-metonymy ἐν τῷ αἵματι τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 by the blood of Christ The blood of Christ is a metonym for his death. Alternate translation: “by Christ’s death” or “when Christ died for us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EPH 2 14 abcv grammar-connect-logic-result γάρ 1 For The connecting word **For** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that Christ himself joined them to the Jewish believers. The result is that the Ephesian Gentile believers were brought near to God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 2 14 abcv grammar-connect-logic-result γάρ 1 For The connecting word **for** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that Christ himself joined them to the Jewish believers. The result is that the Ephesian Gentile believers were brought near to God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 2 14 ue4u αὐτὸς…ἐστιν ἡ εἰρήνη ἡμῶν 1 he himself is our peace “Jesus gives us his peace”
EPH 2 14 ccy8 figs-exclusive ἡ εἰρήνη ἡμῶν 1 our peace The word **our** refers to Paul and his readers and so, it is inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
EPH 2 14 t9zn ὁ ποιήσας τὰ ἀμφότερα ἓν 1 who has made the two one “who made the Jews and Gentiles one”
@ -142,9 +142,9 @@ EPH 2 17 a58n figs-metaphor τοῖς ἐγγύς 1 those who were near Paul pic
EPH 2 18 qw56 figs-exclusive ὅτι δι’ αὐτοῦ ἔχομεν τὴν προσαγωγὴν, οἱ ἀμφότεροι 1 for through him we both have access Here, **we both** refers to Paul, the believing Jews, and the believing non-Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
EPH 2 18 abcu grammar-connect-logic-result ὅτι 1 for The connecting word **for** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that he himself is the one who enabled both Jew and Gentile to come to the Father. The result is that Christ proclaimed peace to both the Jews and the Gentiles. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 2 18 kt1m ἐν ἑνὶ Πνεύματι 1 in one Spirit All believers, both Jewish and Gentile, are enabled to enter into the presence of God the Father by the same Holy Spirit. Alternate translation: “by means of the same Spirit”
EPH 2 19 abcy grammar-connect-logic-result ἄρα οὖν 1 So then The connecting phrase **So then** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that Christ gave them access to God through the Spirit. The result is that the Ephesian believers are no longer separated from God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 2 19 abcy grammar-connect-logic-result ἄρα οὖν 1 So then The connecting phrase **so then** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that Christ gave them access to God through the Spirit. The result is that the Ephesian believers are no longer separated from God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 2 19 abd1 figs-doublet ξένοι καὶ πάροικοι 1 strangers and foreigners The words **strangers** and **foreigners** have very similar meanings and may be combined. Alternate translation: “people who had no relationship to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EPH 2 19 abd2 grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ 1 Instead The connecting word **Instead** introduces a contrast relationship. The previous separation of the Ephesians from God is in contrast to their current status as citizens of the kingdom of God and members of his household. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 2 19 abd2 grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ 1 Instead The connecting word **instead** introduces a contrast relationship. The previous separation of the Ephesians from God is in contrast to their current status as citizens of the kingdom of God and members of his household. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 2 19 r11r figs-metaphor ἐστὲ συνπολῖται τῶν ἁγίων καὶ οἰκεῖοι τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 you are fellow citizens with the saints and members of the household of God Paul is again speaking of the spiritual condition of Gentiles after they become believers as he would speak about foreigners becoming citizens of a different nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 2 20 r2je figs-metaphor ἐποικοδομηθέντες ἐπὶ τῷ θεμελίῳ 1 You have been built on the foundation Paul speaks of God’s people as if they were a building. Christ is the cornerstone, the apostles are the foundation, and the believers are the structure. Alternate translation: “you depend on the teaching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 2 20 fs7j figs-activepassive ἐποικοδομηθέντες 1 You have been built This can be stated in the active tense. Alternate translation: “God has built you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EPH 2 22 e52h figs-activepassive καὶ ὑμεῖς συνοικοδομεῖσθε 1 you also are being built together This can be stated as active. Alternate translation: “God is also building you together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EPH 3 intro gha7 0 # Ephesians 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>### “I pray”<br><br>Paul structures part of this chapter as a prayer to God. But Paul is not just talking to God. He is both praying for and instructing the church in Ephesus.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Mystery<br>Paul refers to the church as a “mystery.” The role of the church in the plans of God was once not known. But God has now revealed it. Part of this mystery involves the Gentiles having equal standing with the Jews in the plans of God.
EPH 3 1 w896 0 Connecting Statement: To make clear the hidden truth about the church to believers, Paul refers back to the oneness of Jews and Gentiles and how believers from both groups form part of the one group that worships God, like the stones that form one temple.
EPH 3 1 jb9u grammar-connect-logic-result τούτου χάριν 1 For this reason The connecting phrase **For this reason** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is what Paul talked about in Chapter 2, that Christ showed his grace by removing the division between Jews and Gentiles and making them into one group. The result is that Paul prays for the Gentiles. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 3 1 jb9u grammar-connect-logic-result τούτου χάριν 1 For this reason The connecting phrase **for this reason** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is what Paul talked about in Chapter 2, that Christ showed his grace by removing the division between Jews and Gentiles and making them into one group. The result is that Paul prays for the Gentiles. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 3 1 abd6 figs-explicit τούτου χάριν 1 For this reason You may need to make explicit what the reason is. Alternate translation: “because of God’s grace to you” You may also need to make explicit here what the result is, as in the UST, because Paul does not state the result until 3:14, that he prays for them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EPH 3 1 m9b6 ὁ δέσμιος τοῦ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ 1 the prisoner of Christ Jesus “the one who is in prison because I serve Christ Jesus”
EPH 3 2 rx7t τὴν οἰκονομίαν τῆς χάριτος τοῦ Θεοῦ, τῆς δοθείσης μοι εἰς ὑμᾶς 1 the stewardship of the grace of God that was given to me for you Here**, grace** could refer to (1) the gift of the gospel that Paul is bringing to the Gentiles, and you could translate, “the responsibility that God gave me to bring his grace to you” or (2) the gift to Paul of being the steward of the gospel for the Gentiles, and you could translate that as “the responsibility that God graciously gave me for your benefit.”
@ -181,9 +181,9 @@ EPH 3 12 we6c ἔχομεν τὴν παρρησίαν 1 we have the boldness
EPH 3 12 ab6c figs-hendiadys τὴν παρρησίαν καὶ προσαγωγὴν 1 the boldness and access These two words work together to express one idea: “bold access” or “boldness to enter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
EPH 3 12 zx5c figs-explicit προσαγωγὴν ἐν πεποιθήσει 1 access with confidence It may be helpful to state explicitly that this access is into God’s presence. Alternate translation: “access into God’s presence with confidence” or “freedom to enter into God’s presence with confidence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EPH 3 12 kri2 πεποιθήσει 1 confidence “certainty” or “assurance”
EPH 3 13 abd4 grammar-connect-logic-result διὸ 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that the believers have access to Christ with confidence. The result is that the believers will not be discouraged. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 3 13 abd4 grammar-connect-logic-result διὸ 1 Therefore The connecting word **therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that the believers have access to Christ with confidence. The result is that the believers will not be discouraged. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 3 13 ciu6 figs-metonymy ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν, ἥτις ἐστὶν δόξα ὑμῶν 1 for you, which is your glory Here, **your glory** is a metonym for the salvation and eternal life that the Ephesians will have because of Paul’s work of telling them about Christ, which resulted in his suffering in prison. This can be stated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “for you. They bring you a wonderful benefit” or “for you. They result in your salvation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EPH 3 14 abd5 grammar-connect-logic-result τούτου χάριν 1 For this reason The connecting phrase **For this reason** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that Paul’s sufferings have caused glory for the believers. The result is that Paul prays to the Father. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 3 14 abd5 grammar-connect-logic-result τούτου χάριν 1 For this reason The connecting phrase **for this reason** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that Paul’s sufferings have caused glory for the believers. The result is that Paul prays to the Father. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 3 14 v3gd figs-explicit τούτου χάριν 1 For this reason You may need to make explicit what the reason is. Alternate translation: “because God has done all this for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EPH 3 14 vju2 figs-synecdoche κάμπτω τὰ γόνατά μου πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα 1 I bend my knees to the Father Bent knees are a picture of the whole person in an attitude of prayer. Alternate translation: “I bow down in prayer to the Father” or “I humbly pray to the Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EPH 3 15 c492 figs-activepassive ἐξ οὗ πᾶσα πατριὰ ἐν οὐρανοῖς καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς ὀνομάζεται 1 from whom every family in heaven and on earth is named The act of naming here probably also represents the act of creating. Alternate translation: “who created and named every family in heaven and on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EPH 3 21 ab12 figs-abstractnouns αὐτῷ ἡ δόξα ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ 1 to him be glory in the church **Glory** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “may God’s people glorify him” or “may God’s people praise him for how great he is” See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 intro ang8 0 # Ephesians 04 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verse 8, which is quoted from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Spiritual gifts<br>Spiritual gifts are specific supernatural abilities that the Holy Spirit gives to Christians after they come to believe in Jesus. These spiritual gifts were foundational to developing the church. Paul lists here only some of the spiritual gifts. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>### Unity<br>Paul considers it very important that the church is united. This is a major theme of this chapter.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Old man and new man<br>The term “old man” probably refers to the sinful nature with which a person is born. The “new man” is the new nature or new life that God gives a person after they come to believe in Christ.
EPH 4 1 sb64 0 Connecting Statement: Because of what Paul has been writing to the Ephesians, he tells them how they should live their lives as believers and again emphasizes that believers are to agree with each other.
EPH 4 1 abda grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that God will be glorified in the church for all generations. The result is that believers should walk in a way that is worthy of the Lord. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 4 1 abda grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 Therefore The connecting word **therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that God will be glorified in the church for all generations. The result is that believers should walk in a way that is worthy of the Lord. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 4 1 uss5 ὁ δέσμιος ἐν Κυρίῳ 1 the prisoner for the Lord “someone who is in prison because he serves the Lord”
EPH 4 1 zxr1 figs-metaphor ἀξίως περιπατῆσαι τῆς κλήσεως 1 to walk worthily of the calling **to walk** is a common way to express the idea of living one’s life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 4 1 abc5 τῆς κλήσεως ἧς ἐκλήθητε 1 of the calling by which you were called Here, **the calling** refers to the fact that God chose them to be his people. Alternate translation: “because God chose you to be his people”
@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ EPH 4 7 pp9t 0 General Information: The quote here is from a song that King Da
EPH 4 7 i4za 0 Connecting Statement: Paul reminds believers of the gifts that Christ gives believers to use in the church, which is the whole body of believers.
EPH 4 7 u2bw figs-activepassive ἑνὶ…ἑκάστῳ ἡμῶν ἐδόθη ἡ χάρις 1 to each one of us grace has been given This can be stated using an active form. Alternate translation: “God has given grace to each one of us” or “God gave a gift to each believer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EPH 4 7 abbw figs-abstractnouns ἑνὶ…ἑκάστῳ ἡμῶν ἐδόθη ἡ χάρις 1 to each one of us grace has been given **Grace** is an abstract noun that refers here to a gift from God. Alternate translation: “God has given a gift to each believer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 8 abdb grammar-connect-logic-result διὸ 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that every believer has been given a spiritual gift. The result is that the Scripture says Jesus gave gifts to men. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 4 8 abdb grammar-connect-logic-result διὸ 1 Therefore The connecting word **therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that every believer has been given a spiritual gift. The result is that the Scripture says Jesus gave gifts to men. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 4 8 wj8t ἀναβὰς εἰς ὕψος 1 When he ascended to the heights “When Christ went up into heaven”
EPH 4 9 e5at ἀνέβη 1 he ascended “Christ went up”
EPH 4 9 zu81 καὶ κατέβη 1 he also descended “Christ also came down”
@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ EPH 4 14 abdc grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 so that The connecting phrase
EPH 4 14 xgi4 figs-metaphor ὦμεν νήπιοι 1 be children Paul refers to believers who have not grown spiritually as if they were children who have had very little experience in life. Alternate translation: “be like children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 4 14 ndj2 figs-metaphor κλυδωνιζόμενοι καὶ περιφερόμενοι παντὶ ἀνέμῳ τῆς διδασκαλίας 1 tossed back and forth…carried away by every wind of teaching Paul speaks of a believer who has not become mature and follows various wrong teachings as if that believer were a boat and the teachings were the wind and waves that move the boat in different directions on the water. See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 4 14 r3bj figs-abstractnouns ἐν τῇ κυβίᾳ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ἐν πανουργίᾳ πρὸς τὴν μεθοδίαν τῆς πλάνης 1 through the trickery of people in cleverness for deceitful scheming **Trickery**, **cleverness**, and **scheming** are abstract nouns. Alternate translation: “by crafty people who trick believers with clever lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 15 abdd grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Instead The connecting word **Instead** introduces a contrast relationship. Following every changing teaching is in contrast to becoming mature in Christ and building up his body. Use a word in your language that indicates contrast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 4 15 abdd grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Instead The connecting word **instead** introduces a contrast relationship. Following every changing teaching is in contrast to becoming mature in Christ and building up his body. Use a word in your language that indicates contrast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 4 15 ab88 figs-abstractnouns ἀληθεύοντες 1 speaking the truth **Truth** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “speaking truthfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 15 i2ff figs-abstractnouns ἐν ἀγάπῃ 1 in love **Love** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “as the members love one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 15 zw32 figs-metaphor εἰς αὐτὸν…ὅς ἐστιν ἡ κεφαλή 1 into him who is the head Paul uses a metaphor of the human body to describe how Christ causes believers to work together in harmony as the head of a body causes the body parts to work together to grow in a healthy way. See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 4 16 abff figs-abstractnouns ἐν ἀγάπῃ 1 in love **Love** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “as the members love one another” or “to be able to love each other more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 16 l5r6 figs-metaphor διὰ πάσης ἁφῆς τῆς ἐπιχορηγίας 1 by every supporting ligament Paul continues the metaphor comparing the believers to a human body. A **ligament** is a strong band that connects bones or holds organs in place in the body. Just as the body is held together by strong ligaments, so the believers are held together by love that grows stronger as the body parts grow and work together. See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 4 17 n5cy 0 Connecting Statement: Paul tells them what they should no longer do now that they, as believers, are sealed by the Holy Spirit of God.
EPH 4 17 abde grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that Christ wants every believer to become spiritually mature and to serve the other believers. The result is that the Ephesian believers should no longer act as the Gentiles act. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 4 17 abde grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 Therefore The connecting word **therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that Christ wants every believer to become spiritually mature and to serve the other believers. The result is that the Ephesian believers should no longer act as the Gentiles act. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 4 17 ksr8 τοῦτο οὖν λέγω καὶ μαρτύρομαι 1 Therefore, I say this and strongly urge you “Because of what I have just said, I will now say something more in order to strongly encourage you”
EPH 4 17 abr8 ἐν Κυρίῳ 1 in the Lord This could mean either (1) “with the authority of the Lord” or (2) “because we all belong to the Lord.”
EPH 4 17 wcx2 figs-metaphor μηκέτι ὑμᾶς περιπατεῖν, καθὼς καὶ τὰ ἔθνη περιπατεῖ ἐν ματαιότητι τοῦ νοὸς αὐτῶν 1 to walk no longer as the Gentiles also walk, in futility of their minds Paul commonly uses this metaphor that compares walking to living one’s life. Alternate translation: “to stop living like the Gentiles with their worthless thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ EPH 4 18 abdf grammar-connect-logic-result διὰ 1 because The connecting word
EPH 4 18 abdg grammar-connect-logic-result διὰ 2 because The connecting word **because** introduces a reason-result relationship. The second reason is that their hearts are hardened. The result is that Gentiles are separated from God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 4 19 ldy8 figs-metaphor ἑαυτοὺς παρέδωκαν τῇ ἀσελγείᾳ 1 have handed themselves over to sensuality Paul speaks of these people as if they were objects that they themselves were giving to other people, and he speaks of the way that they want to satisfy their physical desires as if the desires were the person to whom they give themselves. Alternate translation: “have given in to every physical desire” or “only want to satisfy their physical desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 4 20 e5vk ὑμεῖς δὲ οὐχ οὕτως ἐμάθετε τὸν Χριστόν 1 But you did not thus learn Christ The word **thus** refers to the way that the Gentiles live, as described in [Ephesians 4:17-19](../04/17.md). This emphasizes that what the believers learned from Christ was the opposite of that. Alternate translation: “but what you learned about the ways of Christ was not like that”
EPH 4 20 abdh grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 But The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. The sinful way the Gentiles live is in contrast to the way that Paul taught the Ephesians to live according to the truth of Jesus. Use a connecting word in your language that marks a contrast here (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 4 20 abdh grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 But The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. The sinful way the Gentiles live is in contrast to the way that Paul taught the Ephesians to live according to the truth of Jesus. Use a connecting word in your language that marks a contrast here (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 4 21 hy7r figs-irony εἴ γε αὐτὸν ἠκούσατε καὶ ἐν αὐτῷ ἐδιδάχθητε 1 if indeed you have heard about him and were taught in him Paul knows that the people to whom he is writing have heard and been taught these things. He is using irony as a form of rebuke—if they are doing things contrary to the way of Christ, they know better than that and need to stop. See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
EPH 4 21 b3pn figs-activepassive ἐν αὐτῷ ἐδιδάχθητε 1 were taught in him This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “received instruction in his ways” or (2) “Jesus’ people have taught you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EPH 4 21 gdz6 καθώς ἐστιν ἀλήθεια ἐν τῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 as the truth is in Jesus “as Jesus teaches us the true way to live” or “as everything about Jesus is true” See the UST.
EPH 4 23 jy7h figs-activepassive ἀνανεοῦσθαι…τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ νοὸς ὑμῶν 1 to be renewed in the spirit of your minds This may be translated with an active form. Alternate translation: “to allow God to change your attitudes and thoughts” or “to allow God to give you new attitudes and thoughts” See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EPH 4 24 x41y figs-abstractnouns ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ καὶ ὁσιότητι τῆς ἀληθείας 1 in righteousness and holiness of the truth **Righteousness**, **holiness**, and **truth** are abstract nouns. Alternate translation: “truly righteous and holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 24 abc7 figs-metaphor ἐνδύσασθαι τὸν καινὸν ἄνθρωπον 1 to put on the new man Paul continues to speak of a way of living as if it were a person, and also as if it were clothing, so that one could **put on** the new person like a robe. Alternate translation: “be the new person” or “start living in the new way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 4 25 abdi grammar-connect-logic-result διὸ 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that God has created the believers as new, holy people. The result is that they would stop acting immorally like they used to live. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 4 25 abdi grammar-connect-logic-result διὸ 1 Therefore The connecting word **therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that God has created the believers as new, holy people. The result is that they would stop acting immorally like they used to live. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 4 25 abn8 figs-metaphor ἀποθέμενοι τὸ ψεῦδος 1 putting aside lying Paul speaks of telling lies as if they were objects that the believers could set aside. Alternate translation: “no longer telling lies” or “instead of telling lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 4 25 ab23 figs-abstractnouns λαλεῖτε ἀλήθειαν 1 speak truth **Truth** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “speak truthfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 25 abdj grammar-connect-logic-result ὅτι 1 because The connecting word **because** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that believers are members of the same body of Christ. The result is that believers should speak the truth to each other. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ EPH 4 25 zh2g figs-metaphor ἐσμὲν ἀλλήλων μέλη 1 we are membe
EPH 4 26 w8rw ὀργίζεσθε, καὶ μὴ ἁμαρτάνετε 1 Be angry and do not sin “You may get angry, but do not sin” or “If you become angry, do not sin”
EPH 4 26 ki7p figs-metonymy ὁ ἥλιος μὴ ἐπιδυέτω ἐπὶ παροργισμῷ ὑμῶν 1 Do not let the sun go down on your indignation The sun going down represents nightfall or the end of the day. Alternate translation: “you must stop being angry before night comes” or “let go of your anger before the day ends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EPH 4 27 w71s μηδὲ δίδοτε τόπον τῷ διαβόλῳ 1 nor give an opportunity to the devil “and do not give the devil an opportunity to lead you into sin”
EPH 4 28 abdk grammar-connect-logic-contrast μᾶλλον δὲ 1 But rather The connecting phrase **But rather** introduces a contrast relationship. The way a former thief should work hard to have something to share with others is in contrast to the way he formerly stole for himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 4 28 abdk grammar-connect-logic-contrast μᾶλλον δὲ 1 But rather The connecting phrase **but rather** introduces a contrast relationship. The way a former thief should work hard to have something to share with others is in contrast to the way he formerly stole for himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 4 28 abdl grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 so that The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a goal relationship. The goal or purpose of working hard with ones own hands is to be able to meet the needs of others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
EPH 4 29 f6yk λόγος σαπρὸς 1 corrupt talk This refers to speech that is cruel or rude.
EPH 4 29 abdm grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλ’ 1 but The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. Speaking what is corrupt is in contrast to speaking good things that will build up others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
@ -307,17 +307,17 @@ EPH 4 31 b72p 0 Connecting Statement: Paul finishes his instructions on what b
EPH 4 31 v576 figs-metaphor ἀρθήτω 1 Let…be removed Paul speaks of attitudes and behaviors as though they were physical objects that can be removed. Alternate translation: “you must not allow … to be part of your life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 4 31 t1gj figs-abstractnouns πικρία, καὶ θυμὸς, καὶ ὀργὴ 1 bitterness, and rage, and anger These are abstract nouns that can be expressed as adjectives. Alternate translation: “being bitter, and intensely angry, and angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 31 abgj figs-abstractnouns κακίᾳ 1 malice **Malice** is an abstract noun that can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “being malicious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 32 abdo grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Instead The connecting word **Instead** introduces a contrast relationship. Speaking angry and hurtful things is in contrast to speaking kind and tender things to one another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 4 32 abdo grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Instead The connecting word **instead** introduces a contrast relationship. Speaking angry and hurtful things is in contrast to speaking kind and tender things to one another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 4 32 w7tk εὔσπλαγχνοι 1 tenderhearted “gentle and compassionate towards others”
EPH 5 intro tdd2 0 # Ephesians 05 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the words of verse 14.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Inheritance of the kingdom of Christ<br><br>Some scholars believe that those who continue to practice the things listed in 5:5 will not inherit eternal life. But God can forgive all the sins listed in this verse. Immoral, impure, or greedy people can still receive eternal life if they repent and believe in Jesus. God will be the one who decides this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Wives, submit to your husbands<br><br>Scholars are divided over how to understand this passage in its historical and cultural context. Some scholars believe that men and women are perfectly equal in all things. Other scholars believe that God created men and women to serve in distinctly different roles in marriage and the church. Translators should be careful not to let how they interpret this issue affect how they translate this passage.
EPH 5 1 wus5 0 Connecting Statement: Paul continues to tell the believers how they should and should not live as God’s children.
EPH 5 1 jx2q γίνεσθε οὖν μιμηταὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Therefore be imitators of God **Imitators** is a verbal noun, and can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “Therefore, imitate God” or “Therefore you should do what God does.”
EPH 5 1 abdp grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason (stated in [Ephesians 4:32](../04/32.md)) is that God has forgiven us through Christ. The result (stated here) is that believers should imitate what God is like. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 5 1 abdp grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 Therefore The connecting word **therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason (stated in [Ephesians 4:32](../04/32.md)) is that God has forgiven us through Christ. The result (stated here) is that believers should imitate what God is like. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 5 1 zen5 figs-simile ὡς τέκνα ἀγαπητά 1 as beloved children God desires us to imitate or follow him since we are his spiritual children. Alternate translation: “as dearly loved children imitate their fathers” or “because you are his children and he loves you dearly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EPH 5 2 ta41 figs-metaphor περιπατεῖτε ἐν ἀγάπῃ 1 walk in love To **walk** is a common way to express the idea of living one’s life. Alternate translation: “live a life of love” or “always love each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 5 2 bak1 figs-metaphor προσφορὰν καὶ θυσίαν τῷ Θεῷ εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας 1 an offering and sacrifice to God for a fragrant aroma This metaphor compares Christ dying on the cross for our sins with the Old Testament sacrifices for sin, which were roasted in a fire and gave off a pleasing smell. Alternate translation: “like a sweet-smelling offering and sacrifice to God” or “an offering and sacrifice to God that pleased God very much” See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 5 3 le5f figs-activepassive πορνεία δὲ, καὶ ἀκαθαρσία πᾶσα, ἢ πλεονεξία, μηδὲ ὀνομαζέσθω ἐν ὑμῖν 1 But sexual immorality and every impurity or greed must not even be named among you This can be stated in an active form: “Do not do anything that would let anyone think that you are guilty of sexual immorality or any kind of impurity or greed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EPH 5 3 abdq grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 But The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. The fragrant offering and sacrifice to God is in contrast to sinful acts and thoughts that are not fitting for saints. Use a connecting word that indicates a contrast in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 5 3 abdq grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 But The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. The fragrant offering and sacrifice to God is in contrast to sinful acts and thoughts that are not fitting for saints. Use a connecting word that indicates a contrast in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 5 3 xat9 ἀκαθαρσία πᾶσα 1 every impurity “any moral uncleanness”
EPH 5 4 utm5 ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον εὐχαριστία 1 but instead thanksgiving **Thanksgiving** is a verbal noun, and can be translated with a verb: “Instead of those things, you should thank God”
EPH 5 4 abdr grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον 1 but instead The connecting phrase **but instead** introduces a contrast relationship. Sinful acts and thoughts are in contrast to thanksgiving to God. Use a connecting word that indicates a contrast in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ EPH 5 6 px7p κενοῖς λόγοις 1 empty words “words that have no tru
EPH 5 6 abds grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 for The connecting word **for** introduces a reason-result relationship. The result is stated first: that the Ephesian believers should not let anyone deceive them with empty words. Then the reason is stated: that the wrath of God will judge those things. Use a phrase that connects a reason to a result, and put them in the order that is most natural in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 5 6 ab16 figs-abstractnouns ἔρχεται ἡ ὀργὴ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐπὶ 1 the wrath of God is coming upon **Wrath** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “God will certainly punish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 5 6 ab73 figs-idiom τοὺς υἱοὺς τῆς ἀπειθείας 1 the sons of disobedience This is an idiom that means, “people who habitually disobey” or “people who are characterized by disobedience” Alternate translation: “those who disobey God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EPH 5 7 abdt grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that God will judge those people in his wrath. The result is that the Ephesian believers should not become partners with evil men. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 5 7 abdt grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 Therefore The connecting word **therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that God will judge those people in his wrath. The result is that the Ephesian believers should not become partners with evil men. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 5 8 wy9d figs-metaphor ἦτε γάρ ποτε σκότος 1 because formerly you were darkness Just as one cannot see in the dark, so people who love to sin cannot see or understand the things of God. Alternate translation: “because formerly you did not understand anything about God” See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 5 8 abdw grammar-connect-logic-result γάρ 1 because The connecting word **because** introduces a reason-result relationship. The result is stated first (v.7): that the Ephesian believers should not become partners with evil men. The reason is stated second (v. 8): that the Ephesian believers are no longer darkness, but are now light. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result, using the order that is most natural for your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 5 8 iw4q figs-metaphor νῦν δὲ φῶς ἐν Κυρίῳ 1 but now are light in the Lord Just as one can see in the light, so people whom God has saved understand how to please God. Alternate translation: “but now you know God and can live for him” See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -343,9 +343,9 @@ EPH 5 11 abdx grammar-connect-logic-contrast μᾶλλον δὲ 1 but rather Th
EPH 5 11 hpl2 figs-metaphor ἐλέγχετε 1 expose them Speaking against the works of darkness is spoken of as bringing them out into the light so that people can see them. Alternate translation: “bring them out into the light” or “uncover them” or “show and tell people how wrong these actions are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 5 12 cd23 writing-pronouns αὐτῶν 1 them **Them** here refers to the **sons of disobedience** mentioned in 5:6 and also referred to as **them** in 5:7. If it is unclear who **them** refers to in either place, then use “those who disobey God” or a similar phrase. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
EPH 5 13 sp1z 0 General Information: It is unknown if this quotation is a combination of quotations from the prophet Isaiah or a quotation from a hymn sung by the believers.
EPH 5 13 abdy grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 But The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. Hiding the shameful works of darkness now is in contrast to the light exposing them later. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 5 13 abdy grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 But The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. Hiding the shameful works of darkness now is in contrast to the light exposing them later. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 5 13 vqi7 figs-metaphor πᾶν…τὸ φανερούμενον φῶς ἐστιν 1 anything that becomes visible is light Paul makes this general statement in order to imply that God’s Word shows people’s actions to be good or bad. The Bible often speaks of God’s truth as if it were light that could reveal the character of something. Alternate translation: “if you compare everything to what God says, you can know if it is good or bad” See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 5 14 abdz grammar-connect-logic-result διὸ 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that their sins will be revealed by the light. The result is that sinners should allow Christ to shine on them. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 5 14 abdz grammar-connect-logic-result διὸ 1 Therefore The connecting word **therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that their sins will be revealed by the light. The result is that sinners should allow Christ to shine on them. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 5 14 z4ar figs-apostrophe ἔγειρε, ὁ καθεύδων, καὶ ἀνάστα ἐκ τῶν νεκρῶν 1 Awake, O sleeper, and arise from the dead Possible meanings are: (1) Paul is addressing the believers and using death as a metaphor for their areas of spiritual weakness that they need to become aware of and reject, or (2) Paul is addressing unbelievers who need to wake up from being dead spiritually just as a person who has died must come alive again in order to respond. See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
EPH 5 14 abcl figs-apostrophe ὁ καθεύδων 1 O sleeper Paul addresses this comment directly to either (1) the believers who are reading or hearing the letter, or (2) to unbelievers who are not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
EPH 5 14 e873 figs-metaphor ἐκ τῶν νεκρῶν 1 from the dead This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To arise from among them speaks of becoming alive again and is a metaphor for becoming alive spiritually and living for God. Alternate Translation: “from among all those who have died” or “from among those who are spiritually dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -358,13 +358,13 @@ EPH 5 15 abe2 figs-ellipsis ὡς σοφοί 1 as wise The verb “walk” is le
EPH 5 16 h8b1 figs-metaphor ἐξαγοραζόμενοι τὸν καιρόν 1 redeeming the time Using time wisely is spoken of as if it were redeeming the time. Alternate translation: “doing the best things you can with your time” or “using time wisely” or “putting time to its best use” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 5 16 lrb6 figs-metonymy ὅτι αἱ ἡμέραι πονηραί εἰσιν 1 because the days are evil The word **days** is a metonym for what people do during those days. Alternate translation: “because the people around you are constantly doing all kinds of evil things and the opportunities that you have to do good may become few” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EPH 5 16 abe3 grammar-connect-logic-result ὅτι 1 because The connecting word **because** introduces the reason of a reason-result relationship. The reason is that the days are evil. The result is that the believers must redeem the time. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 5 17 abe4 grammar-connect-logic-result διὰ τοῦτο 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces the result of a reason-result relationship. The reason is that the days are evil. The result is that the believers will not be foolish, but understand God’s will. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 5 17 abe4 grammar-connect-logic-result διὰ τοῦτο 1 Therefore The connecting word **therefore** introduces the result of a reason-result relationship. The reason is that the days are evil. The result is that the believers will not be foolish, but understand God’s will. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 5 17 abe5 grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ 1 but The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. Being foolish is in contrast to understanding God’s will. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 5 18 tz9e 0 Connecting Statement: Paul ends his instructions on how all believers should live.
EPH 5 18 scp1 καὶ μὴ μεθύσκεσθε οἴνῳ 1 And do not get drunk with wine “You should not get drunk from drinking wine”
EPH 5 18 cd33 figs-abstractnouns ἐν ᾧ ἐστιν ἀσωτία 1 in which is recklessness **Recklessness** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “which leads to reckless behavior” or “because that will ruin you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 5 18 lgw3 ἀλλὰ πληροῦσθε ἐν Πνεύματι 1 Instead, be filled with the Spirit “Instead, you should be controlled by the Holy Spirit”
EPH 5 18 abe6 grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ 1 Instead The connecting word **Instead** introduces a contrast relationship. Being drunk is in contrast to being filled with the Spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 5 18 abe6 grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ 1 Instead The connecting word **instead** introduces a contrast relationship. Being drunk is in contrast to being filled with the Spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 5 19 egk6 figs-merism ψαλμοῖς, καὶ ὕμνοις, καὶ ᾠδαῖς πνευματικαῖς 1 psalms, and hymns, and spiritual songs Possible meanings are that: (1) Paul is using these words as a merism for “all sorts of songs to praise God” or (2) Paul is listing specific forms of music. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
EPH 5 19 n5jj ψαλμοῖς 1 psalms These are probably songs from the Old Testament book of Psalms that Christians sang.
EPH 5 19 g5ss ὕμνοις 1 hymns These are songs of praise and worship that may have been written specifically for Christians to sing.
@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ EPH 5 19 v3ql figs-metonymy τῇ καρδίᾳ ὑμῶν 1 in your heart Here,
EPH 5 20 e6w5 figs-metaphor ἐν ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ Here, **name** may represent (1) Jesus himself, Alternate translation: “because you belong to our Lord Jesus Christ” or (2) the authority of Jesus, Alternate translation: “with the authority of our Lord Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 5 20 abw5 τῷ Θεῷ καὶ Πατρί 1 to God the Father “to God, who is our father”
EPH 5 22 isd7 0 Connecting Statement: Paul begins to explain how Christians are to submit themselves to one another ([Ephesians 5:21](../05/21.md)). He starts with instructions to wives and husbands on how they should act toward each other.
EPH 5 23 abe7 grammar-connect-logic-result ὅτι 1 For The connecting word **For** introduces the reason of a reason-result relationship. The reason is that the husband is head of the wife in the same way Christ is head of the church. The result is that wives should submit to their husbands. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 5 23 abe7 grammar-connect-logic-result ὅτι 1 For The connecting word **for** introduces the reason of a reason-result relationship. The reason is that the husband is head of the wife in the same way Christ is head of the church. The result is that wives should submit to their husbands. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 5 23 x637 figs-metaphor κεφαλὴ τῆς γυναικὸς…κεφαλὴ τῆς ἐκκλησίας 1 the head of the wife…the head of the church The word **head** here represents the leader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 5 23 abc1 τοῦ σώματος 1 the body The church is often referred to as the body of Christ.
EPH 5 25 sx8d 0 General Information: Here the words **himself** and **he** refer to Christ. The word **her** refers to the church.
@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ EPH 5 30 abee grammar-connect-logic-result ὅτι 1 because The connecting word
EPH 5 30 h44f figs-metaphor μέλη ἐσμὲν τοῦ σώματος αὐτοῦ 1 we are members of his body Here Paul speaks of the close union of believers with Christ as if they were part of his own body, for which he would naturally care. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 5 31 yp23 0 General Information: The quotation is from the writings of Moses in the Old Testament.
EPH 5 31 yp24 0 General Information: The words **his** and **himself** refer to a male believer who marries.
EPH 5 31 abef grammar-connect-logic-result ἀντὶ τούτου 1 For this reason The connecting phrase **For this reason** introduces the result of a reason-result relationship. In this case, this phrase is part of a quotation from Genesis 2:24 and so the reason is not stated here, but it is stated in Genesis 2:23 that woman was created out of man. The result is that a man will leave his father and mother and be joined to his wife. If it is confusing to not state the reason, you can include a footnote that says, “the reason for this is that woman was created out of man. See Genesis 2:23” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 5 31 abef grammar-connect-logic-result ἀντὶ τούτου 1 For this reason The connecting phrase **for this reason** introduces the result of a reason-result relationship. In this case, this phrase is part of a quotation from Genesis 2:24 and so the reason is not stated here, but it is stated in Genesis 2:23 that woman was created out of man. The result is that a man will leave his father and mother and be joined to his wife. If it is confusing to not state the reason, you can include a footnote that says, “the reason for this is that woman was created out of man. See Genesis 2:23” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 6 intro r7c3 0 # Ephesians 06 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Slavery<br>Paul does not write in this chapter about whether slavery is good or bad. Paul teaches about working to please God whether as a slave or as a master. What Paul teaches here about slavery would have been surprising. In his time, masters were not expected to treat their slaves with respect and not threaten them.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Armor of God<br>This extended metaphor describes how Christians can protect themselves when spiritually attacked. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 6 1 wq46 figs-you 0 General Information: The command in verse one is plural. Then in verses two and three Paul quotes from the law of Moses. Moses was talking to the people of Israel as though they were one person, so **your** and **you** are singular there. If that does not make sense, you may need to translate them as plurals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
EPH 6 1 jf17 0 Connecting Statement: Paul continues to explain how Christians are to submit themselves to each other. He gives instructions to children, fathers, workers, and masters.
@ -404,14 +404,14 @@ EPH 6 1 ev8m ἐν Κυρίῳ 1 in the Lord “because you belong to the Lord
EPH 6 1 abeg grammar-connect-logic-result γάρ 1 for The connecting word **for** introduces the reason of a reason-result relationship. The reason is that children should do what is right. The result is that children should obey their parents. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 6 3 abeh grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 so that The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a goal relationship. The goal or purpose of obeying your father and mother is to live well and long on the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
EPH 6 4 bb7g μὴ παροργίζετε τὰ τέκνα ὑμῶν 1 do not provoke your children to anger “do not make your children angry” or “do not cause your children to be angry”
EPH 6 4 abei grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ 1 Instead The connecting word **Instead** introduces a contrast relationship. Fathers provoking their children to anger is in contrast to raising their children in discipline and instruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 6 4 abei grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ 1 Instead The connecting word **instead** introduces a contrast relationship. Fathers provoking their children to anger is in contrast to raising their children in discipline and instruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 6 4 ytg5 figs-abstractnouns ἐκτρέφετε αὐτὰ ἐν παιδείᾳ καὶ νουθεσίᾳ Κυρίου 1 raise them in the discipline and instruction of the Lord The abstract nouns **discipline** and **instruction** can be expressed as verbs. Alternate translation: “teach them to become adults by making sure that they know and do what the Lord wants them to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 6 5 s1pq figs-doublet φόβου καὶ τρόμου 1 fear and trembling The phrase **fear and trembling** uses two similar ideas to emphasize the importance of honoring their masters. Alternate translation: “with deep respect” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EPH 6 5 z6xx figs-hyperbole καὶ τρόμου 1 and trembling Here, **trembling** is an exaggeration used to emphasize how important it is that slaves obey their masters. Alternate translation: “and deep respect” or “as though you were shaking with fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
EPH 6 5 pd6z figs-metonymy ἐν ἁπλότητι τῆς καρδίας ὑμῶν 1 in honesty of your heart Here, **heart** is a metonym for a person’s mind or intentions. Alternate translation: “with honesty” or “with sincerity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EPH 6 5 ab6z figs-abstractnouns ἐν ἁπλότητι 1 in honesty **Honesty** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “honestly” or “sincerely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 6 5 cd6z figs-explicit ὡς τῷ Χριστῷ 1 as to Christ To make this clear, you may want to include the verb here: “as you obey Christ.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EPH 6 6 abej grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλ’ 1 but The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. Obeying our masters as men-pleasers is in contrast to obeying them because we are slaves of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 6 6 abej grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλ’ 1 but The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. Obeying our masters as men-pleasers is in contrast to obeying them because we are slaves of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 6 6 l9ve ὡς δοῦλοι Χριστοῦ 1 as slaves of Christ “as though your earthly master were Christ himself”
EPH 6 6 u5fn figs-metonymy ἐκ ψυχῆς 1 from the soul Here, **soul** is a metonym for “attitudes” or “intentions.” Alternate translation: “wholeheartedly” or “enthusiastically” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EPH 6 9 i85s figs-explicit τὰ αὐτὰ ποιεῖτε πρὸς αὐτούς 1 do the same to them **The same** refers back to “if he does something good” from ([Ephesians 6:8](../06/08.md)). Alternate translation: “you also must treat your slaves well” or “just as slaves must do good to their masters, you also must do good to your slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -421,13 +421,13 @@ EPH 6 10 t5th 0 Connecting Statement: Paul gives instructions to make believer
EPH 6 10 e4mg figs-doublet τῷ κράτει τῆς ἰσχύος αὐτοῦ 1 the force of his strength These two words are very similar in meaning. Together, they reinforce each other. Alternate translation: “his great power” See how you translated this phrase near the end of [Ephesians 1:19](../01/19.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EPH 6 11 n8x8 figs-metaphor ἐνδύσασθε τὴν πανοπλίαν τοῦ Θεοῦ, πρὸς τὸ δύνασθαι ὑμᾶς στῆναι πρὸς τὰς μεθοδίας τοῦ διαβόλου 1 Put on the whole armor of God, so that you may be able to stand against the scheming plans of the devil In this metaphor, Paul pictures the spiritual resources that God gives to all Christians as a soldier’s armor. Alternate translation: “just as a soldier puts on armor to protect himself from enemy attacks, use all of God’s resources to stand firmly against the devil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 6 11 ra3y τὰς μεθοδίας 1 the scheming plans “the tricky plans”
EPH 6 12 abek grammar-connect-logic-result ὅτι 1 For The connecting word **For** introduces the reason of a reason-result relationship. The reason is that we are in a struggle against spiritual forces of darkness. The result is that we should put on the whole armor of God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 6 12 abek grammar-connect-logic-result ὅτι 1 For The connecting word **for** introduces the reason of a reason-result relationship. The reason is that we are in a struggle against spiritual forces of darkness. The result is that we should put on the whole armor of God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 6 12 d7be figs-synecdoche αἷμα καὶ σάρκα 1 blood and flesh This expression refers to people, not spirits who do not have human bodies. Alternate translation: “human beings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EPH 6 12 abel grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ 1 but The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. People made of flesh and blood are in contrast to spiritual forces. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 6 12 abel grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ 1 but The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. People made of flesh and blood are in contrast to spiritual forces. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 6 12 ftu4 figs-explicit πρὸς τοὺς κοσμοκράτορας 1 against the world-controllers Here it is implied that **the world-controllers** refers to powerful spiritual beings. Alternate translation: “against the powerful spiritual beings that rule over people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EPH 6 12 abcn figs-metaphor τοῦ σκότους τούτου 1 this darkness Here, **darkness** is a metaphor for things that are evil. Alternate translation: “during this present evil time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 6 13 jrn9 figs-metaphor διὰ τοῦτο, ἀναλάβετε τὴν πανοπλίαν τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Therefore, put on the whole armor of God Christians should use the protective resources God gives them in fighting the devil in the same way that a soldier puts on armor to protect himself against his enemies. See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 6 13 abem grammar-connect-logic-result διὰ τοῦτο 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces the result of a reason-result relationship. The reason is that we are in a battle against evil spiritual forces. The result is that we should put on the whole armor of God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 6 13 abem grammar-connect-logic-result διὰ τοῦτο 1 Therefore The connecting word **therefore** introduces the result of a reason-result relationship. The reason is that we are in a battle against evil spiritual forces. The result is that we should put on the whole armor of God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 6 13 cy9h figs-metaphor ἵνα δυνηθῆτε ἀντιστῆναι ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ πονηρᾷ 1 so that you may be able to withstand in the evil day The word **withstand** means to successfully resist something. Alternate translation: “so that you may be able to resist when evil attacks you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 6 13 ab9h figs-explicit ἵνα δυνηθῆτε ἀντιστῆναι 1 so that you may be able to withstand It may be helpful to state explicitly what believers are to withstand. Alternate translation: “so that you may be able to withstand the attacks of the devil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EPH 6 13 aben grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 so that The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a goal relationship. The goal or purpose of putting on the whole armor of God is to be able to withstand the attacks of the spiritual forces of darkness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
EPH 6 17 abkw figs-abstractnouns τοῦ σωτηρίου 1 of salvation **Salvation** is an abstract noun that can be translated with a verb. Alternate Translation: “that represents the fact that God has saved you” See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 6 17 c191 figs-metaphor τὴν μάχαιραν τοῦ Πνεύματος, ὅ ἐστιν ῥῆμα Θεοῦ 1 the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God In this metaphor, God’s message is compared to a soldier’s **sword**. Just as soldiers use a sword to fight and defeat their enemy, so a believer can use God’s message in the Bible to fight against the devil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 6 18 mu4w διὰ πάσης προσευχῆς καὶ δεήσεως, προσευχόμενοι ἐν παντὶ καιρῷ ἐν Πνεύματι 1 With every prayer and request, pray at all times in the Spirit “Pray at all times in the Spirit as you pray and make specific requests”
EPH 6 18 g1i7 grammar-connect-logic-goal εἰς αὐτὸ 1 To this end The connecting phrase **To this end** marks a goal or purpose relationship. The goal is what was just mentioned: to pray at all times in the Spirit. In order to do that, believers must be watchful and persevere in making requests for all the saints. Alternate Translation: “For this reason” or “In order to do that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
EPH 6 18 g1i7 grammar-connect-logic-goal εἰς αὐτὸ 1 To this end The connecting phrase **to this end** marks a goal or purpose relationship. The goal is what was just mentioned: to pray at all times in the Spirit. In order to do that, believers must be watchful and persevere in making requests for all the saints. Alternate Translation: “For this reason” or “In order to do that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
EPH 6 18 i5hm figs-abstractnouns ἀγρυπνοῦντες ἐν πάσῃ προσκαρτερήσει καὶ δεήσει περὶ πάντων τῶν ἁγίων 1 be watchful with all perseverance and requests for all the saints **Perseverance** is an abstract noun that can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “persevere in being alert, and pray for all God’s holy people” or “pray with constant alertness for all the believers” See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 6 19 rm1h 0 Connecting Statement: In closing this letter, Paul asks his readers to pray for his boldness in telling the gospel while he is in prison and he says that he is sending Tychicus to comfort them.
EPH 6 19 j135 figs-activepassive ἵνα μοι δοθῇ λόγος 1 so that a message might be given to me This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that God might give me the word” or “God might give me the message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1
Book
Chapter
Verse
ID
SupportReference
OrigQuote
Occurrence
GLQuote
OccurrenceNote
32
EPH
1
10
n2sl
εἰς οἰκονομίαν
1
with a view to an administration
A new sentence can be started here. Alternate translation: “He did this with a view to an administration” or “He did this, thinking about a stewardship”
33
EPH
1
10
em7q
τοῦ πληρώματος τῶν καιρῶν
1
of the fullness of time
“when the time is right” or “at the time that he has appointed”
34
EPH
1
10
ab7q
ἐν αὐτῷ
1
in him
“under his rule” or “under his authority”
35
EPH
1
11
ww9s
figs-exclusive
ἐκληρώθημεν, προορισθέντες
1
we were also allotted as a possession. We were predestined
The pronouns **we** and **We** are inclusive in this verse. Paul is referring to all Christians, who were predestined to belong to Christ. In verses 12 and 13 he will divide this group into “we” (exclusive) Jewish Christians and “you” Gentile Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])Both pronouns **we** are inclusive in this verse. Paul is referring to all Christians, who were predestined to belong to Christ. In verses 12 and 13 he will divide this group into “we” (exclusive) Jewish Christians and “you” Gentile Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
36
EPH
1
11
t281
figs-activepassive
ἐκληρώθημεν
1
we were also allotted as a possession
This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are: (1) “God also chose us to be his possession” or (2) “God also chose us to be heirs.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
37
EPH
1
11
nkf8
figs-activepassive
προορισθέντες
1
We were predestined
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God chose us ahead of time” or “God chose us long ago” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
38
EPH
1
12
gj44
figs-exclusive
ἡμᾶς…τοὺς προηλπικότας ἐν τῷ Χριστῷ
1
we, who were the first to have confident hope in Christ
Here, the word **we** is exclusive and refers to the Jewish believers who first heard the good news, not the believers at Ephesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
43
EPH
1
13
abcf
figs-activepassive
ἐσφραγίσθητε
1
you were sealed
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has sealed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
44
EPH
1
14
g6dw
figs-metaphor
ἀρραβὼν τῆς κληρονομίας ἡμῶν
1
a down payment of our inheritance
Receiving what God has promised is spoken of in terms of one inheriting property or wealth from a family member. Alternate translation: “an initial portion that we will receive from what God has promised” or “a guarantee that we will receive what God has promised to give us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
45
EPH
1
15
d9qy
0
Connecting Statement:
Paul prays for the Ephesian believers and praises God for the power that believers have through Christ.
46
EPH
1
15
abcc
grammar-connect-logic-result
διὰ τοῦτο
1
For this reason
The connecting phrase **For this reason** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that the Ephesians had believed the gospel and had been sealed by the Holy Spirit. The result is that Paul praises God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])The connecting phrase **for this reason** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that the Ephesians had believed the gospel and had been sealed by the Holy Spirit. The result is that Paul praises God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
47
EPH
1
16
scy9
figs-litotes
οὐ παύομαι εὐχαριστῶν
1
I have not stopped giving thanks
Paul uses **not stopped** to emphasize that he continues to thank God. Alternate translation: “I continue to thank God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
48
EPH
1
16
aby9
figs-hyperbole
οὐ παύομαι εὐχαριστῶν
1
I have not stopped giving thanks
Paul uses this exaggeration to emphasize that he thanks God very often. Alternate translation: “I continue to thank God” or “I often thank God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
49
EPH
1
17
abcd
grammar-connect-logic-result
ἵνα
1
so that
The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that Paul prays for the Ephesians. The result is that God would enlighten the Ephesians about all that he has done for them through Christ. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
86
EPH
2
2
ab9y
figs-idiom
τοῖς υἱοῖς τῆς ἀπειθείας
1
the sons of disobedience
“people who routinely disobey God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
87
EPH
2
3
d3wd
figs-metonymy
τὰ θελήματα τῆς σαρκὸς καὶ τῶν διανοιῶν
1
the desires of the body and of the mind
The words **body** and **mind** represent the entire person. Alternate Translation: “the selfish things that people want to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
88
EPH
2
3
zd6v
figs-idiom
τέκνα…ὀργῆς
1
children of wrath
“people with whom God is angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
89
EPH
2
4
abco
grammar-connect-logic-contrast
δὲ
1
But
The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. The love and mercy of God is in sharp contrast to the evil way the Ephesians lived before they believed in God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. The love and mercy of God is in sharp contrast to the evil way the Ephesians lived before they believed in God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
90
EPH
2
4
chm6
figs-abstractnouns
Θεὸς πλούσιος ὢν ἐν ἐλέει
1
God is rich in mercy
**Mercy** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “God is abundantly merciful” or “God is very kind to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
91
EPH
2
4
hrx9
figs-abstractnouns
διὰ τὴν πολλὴν ἀγάπην αὐτοῦ, ἣν ἠγάπησεν ἡμᾶς
1
because of his great love with which he loved us
**Love** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “because he loved us so very much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
92
EPH
2
5
h6km
figs-activepassive
χάριτί ἐστε σεσῳσμένοι
1
by grace you have been saved
This can be stated in an active form. Alternate translation: “God saved you by being gracious to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
98
EPH
2
6
m6pq
ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ
1
in Christ Jesus
**In Christ Jesus** and similar expressions are metaphors that frequently occur in the New Testament letters. They express the strongest kind of relationship possible between Christ and those who believe in him.
99
EPH
2
7
abcp
grammar-connect-logic-goal
ἵνα
1
so that
The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a goal relationship. The goal or purpose of God raising up believers and seating them in heaven with Christ is to show the extent of his grace in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
100
EPH
2
7
y6cf
ἐν τοῖς αἰῶσιν, τοῖς ἐπερχομένοις
1
in the ages that are coming
“in the future”
101
EPH
2
8
abcq
grammar-connect-logic-result
γὰρ
1
For
The connecting word **For** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that the Ephesians had been saved by God, and not by their own good works. The result is that people would see the grace of God to us in Christ. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])The connecting word **for** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that the Ephesians had been saved by God, and not by their own good works. The result is that people would see the grace of God to us in Christ. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
102
EPH
2
8
t9pc
figs-activepassive
τῇ γὰρ χάριτί ἐστε σεσῳσμένοι διὰ πίστεως
1
For by grace you have been saved through faith
This can be stated actively. Alternate translation: “God saved you by grace because of your faith in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
103
EPH
2
8
abpc
figs-abstractnouns
τῇ γὰρ χάριτί ἐστε σεσῳσμένοι
1
For by grace you have been saved
**Grace** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “God saved you as a free gift” or “God saved you because of his extreme kindness to you” See how you translated this phrase in [Ephesians 2:5](../02/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
104
EPH
2
8
r8u8
τοῦτο
1
this
The word **this** refers back to **by grace you have been saved by faith**.
105
EPH
2
9
al4s
οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων, ἵνα μή τις καυχήσηται
1
not from works, so that no one may boast
You may want to start a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “salvation does not come from works, so that no one may boast” or “God does not save a person because of what that person does, so no one can boast and say that he earned his salvation”
106
EPH
2
9
abcr
grammar-connect-logic-goal
ἵνα
1
so that
The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a goal relationship. The goal or purpose of God for saving believers by grace instead of by their works is that no person might boast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
107
EPH
2
10
abcs
grammar-connect-logic-result
γάρ
1
For
The connecting word **For** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that God is the one who created us to do any good works that we do. The result is that people cannot boast. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])The connecting word **for** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that God is the one who created us to do any good works that we do. The result is that people cannot boast. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
108
EPH
2
10
fa4l
ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ
1
in Christ Jesus
**In Christ Jesus** and similar expressions are metaphors that frequently occur in the New Testament letters. They express the strongest kind of relationship possible between Christ and those who believe in him.
109
EPH
2
10
abd0
grammar-connect-logic-goal
ἵνα
1
so that
The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a goal relationship. The goal or purpose of God creating us as he did is that we would do the good works that he intended for us to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
110
EPH
2
10
lws4
figs-metaphor
ἐν αὐτοῖς περιπατήσωμεν
1
we would walk in them
Walking on a path is a metaphor for how a person lives his life. Here, **in them** refers to the **good works**. Alternate translation: “we would always and continually do those good deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
111
EPH
2
11
abct
grammar-connect-logic-result
διὸ
1
Therefore
The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that they were saved by God and not by anything they had done on their own. The result is that the Ephesians would remember that they were once separated from God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])The connecting word **therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that they were saved by God and not by anything they had done on their own. The result is that the Ephesians would remember that they were once separated from God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
112
EPH
2
11
diq1
0
Connecting Statement:
Paul reminds these believers that God has now made Gentiles and Jews into one body through Christ and his cross.
113
EPH
2
11
p7m2
figs-metaphor
τὰ ἔθνη ἐν σαρκί
1
Gentiles in the flesh
This refers to people who were not born Jewish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
114
EPH
2
11
e76g
figs-metonymy
ἀκροβυστία
1
uncircumcision
Non-Jewish people were not circumcised as babies and thus the Jews considered them people who do not follow any of God’s laws. Alternate translation: “uncircumcised pagans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
115
EPH
2
11
nlf2
figs-metonymy
περιτομῆς
1
circumcision
This was another term for Jewish people because all male infants were circumcised. Alternate translation: “circumcised people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
116
EPH
2
11
tf9i
figs-activepassive
ὑπὸ τῆς λεγομένης
1
by those who are called
This can be translated with an active form. Alternate translation: “by what people call” or “by those whom people call” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
117
EPH
2
11
fb4r
τῆς λεγομένης περιτομῆς ἐν σαρκὶ χειροποιήτου
1
those who are called “circumcised” in the flesh, performed by human hands
Possible meanings are (1) “Jews, who are circumcised by humans” or (2) “Jews, who circumcise the physical body.”
118
EPH
2
12
abcz
grammar-connect-logic-result
ὅτι
1
For
The connecting word **For** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that they were not part of the Jews, who were circumcised. The result is that the Gentile Ephesians were separated from God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])The connecting word **for** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that they were not part of the Jews, who were circumcised. The result is that the Gentile Ephesians were separated from God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
119
EPH
2
12
u3vu
χωρὶς Χριστοῦ
1
apart from Christ
“unbelievers”
120
EPH
2
12
sti2
figs-metaphor
ξένοι τῶν διαθηκῶν τῆς ἐπαγγελίας
1
strangers to the covenants of the promise
Paul speaks to the Gentile believers as if they had been foreigners, kept out of the land of God’s covenant and promise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
121
EPH
2
13
abcw
grammar-connect-logic-contrast
δὲ
1
But
The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. The current condition of the Ephesian Gentile believers, after they believed in Christ, is that they are near to God. That is in contrast to their previous condition, before they believed in Christ, of being separated from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. The current condition of the Ephesian Gentile believers, after they believed in Christ, is that they are near to God. That is in contrast to their previous condition, before they believed in Christ, of being separated from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
you who once were far away have been brought near by the blood of Christ
Not belonging to God due to sin is spoken of as being far away from God. Belonging to God because of the blood of Christ is spoken of as being brought near to God. Alternate translation: “you who once did not belong to God now belong to God because of the blood of Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
123
EPH
2
13
tth1
figs-metonymy
ἐν τῷ αἵματι τοῦ Χριστοῦ
1
by the blood of Christ
The blood of Christ is a metonym for his death. Alternate translation: “by Christ’s death” or “when Christ died for us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
124
EPH
2
14
abcv
grammar-connect-logic-result
γάρ
1
For
The connecting word **For** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that Christ himself joined them to the Jewish believers. The result is that the Ephesian Gentile believers were brought near to God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])The connecting word **for** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that Christ himself joined them to the Jewish believers. The result is that the Ephesian Gentile believers were brought near to God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
125
EPH
2
14
ue4u
αὐτὸς…ἐστιν ἡ εἰρήνη ἡμῶν
1
he himself is our peace
“Jesus gives us his peace”
126
EPH
2
14
ccy8
figs-exclusive
ἡ εἰρήνη ἡμῶν
1
our peace
The word **our** refers to Paul and his readers and so, it is inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
127
EPH
2
14
t9zn
ὁ ποιήσας τὰ ἀμφότερα ἓν
1
who has made the two one
“who made the Jews and Gentiles one”
142
EPH
2
18
qw56
figs-exclusive
ὅτι δι’ αὐτοῦ ἔχομεν τὴν προσαγωγὴν, οἱ ἀμφότεροι
1
for through him we both have access
Here, **we both** refers to Paul, the believing Jews, and the believing non-Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
143
EPH
2
18
abcu
grammar-connect-logic-result
ὅτι
1
for
The connecting word **for** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that he himself is the one who enabled both Jew and Gentile to come to the Father. The result is that Christ proclaimed peace to both the Jews and the Gentiles. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
144
EPH
2
18
kt1m
ἐν ἑνὶ Πνεύματι
1
in one Spirit
All believers, both Jewish and Gentile, are enabled to enter into the presence of God the Father by the same Holy Spirit. Alternate translation: “by means of the same Spirit”
145
EPH
2
19
abcy
grammar-connect-logic-result
ἄρα οὖν
1
So then
The connecting phrase **So then** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that Christ gave them access to God through the Spirit. The result is that the Ephesian believers are no longer separated from God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])The connecting phrase **so then** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that Christ gave them access to God through the Spirit. The result is that the Ephesian believers are no longer separated from God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
146
EPH
2
19
abd1
figs-doublet
ξένοι καὶ πάροικοι
1
strangers and foreigners
The words **strangers** and **foreigners** have very similar meanings and may be combined. Alternate translation: “people who had no relationship to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
147
EPH
2
19
abd2
grammar-connect-logic-contrast
ἀλλὰ
1
Instead
The connecting word **Instead** introduces a contrast relationship. The previous separation of the Ephesians from God is in contrast to their current status as citizens of the kingdom of God and members of his household. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])The connecting word **instead** introduces a contrast relationship. The previous separation of the Ephesians from God is in contrast to their current status as citizens of the kingdom of God and members of his household. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
148
EPH
2
19
r11r
figs-metaphor
ἐστὲ συνπολῖται τῶν ἁγίων καὶ οἰκεῖοι τοῦ Θεοῦ
1
you are fellow citizens with the saints and members of the household of God
Paul is again speaking of the spiritual condition of Gentiles after they become believers as he would speak about foreigners becoming citizens of a different nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
149
EPH
2
20
r2je
figs-metaphor
ἐποικοδομηθέντες ἐπὶ τῷ θεμελίῳ
1
You have been built on the foundation
Paul speaks of God’s people as if they were a building. Christ is the cornerstone, the apostles are the foundation, and the believers are the structure. Alternate translation: “you depend on the teaching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
150
EPH
2
20
fs7j
figs-activepassive
ἐποικοδομηθέντες
1
You have been built
This can be stated in the active tense. Alternate translation: “God has built you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
155
EPH
2
22
e52h
figs-activepassive
καὶ ὑμεῖς συνοικοδομεῖσθε
1
you also are being built together
This can be stated as active. Alternate translation: “God is also building you together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
156
EPH
3
intro
gha7
0
# Ephesians 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>### “I pray”<br><br>Paul structures part of this chapter as a prayer to God. But Paul is not just talking to God. He is both praying for and instructing the church in Ephesus.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Mystery<br>Paul refers to the church as a “mystery.” The role of the church in the plans of God was once not known. But God has now revealed it. Part of this mystery involves the Gentiles having equal standing with the Jews in the plans of God.
157
EPH
3
1
w896
0
Connecting Statement:
To make clear the hidden truth about the church to believers, Paul refers back to the oneness of Jews and Gentiles and how believers from both groups form part of the one group that worships God, like the stones that form one temple.
158
EPH
3
1
jb9u
grammar-connect-logic-result
τούτου χάριν
1
For this reason
The connecting phrase **For this reason** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is what Paul talked about in Chapter 2, that Christ showed his grace by removing the division between Jews and Gentiles and making them into one group. The result is that Paul prays for the Gentiles. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])The connecting phrase **for this reason** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is what Paul talked about in Chapter 2, that Christ showed his grace by removing the division between Jews and Gentiles and making them into one group. The result is that Paul prays for the Gentiles. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
159
EPH
3
1
abd6
figs-explicit
τούτου χάριν
1
For this reason
You may need to make explicit what the reason is. Alternate translation: “because of God’s grace to you” You may also need to make explicit here what the result is, as in the UST, because Paul does not state the result until 3:14, that he prays for them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
160
EPH
3
1
m9b6
ὁ δέσμιος τοῦ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ
1
the prisoner of Christ Jesus
“the one who is in prison because I serve Christ Jesus”
the stewardship of the grace of God that was given to me for you
Here**, grace** could refer to (1) the gift of the gospel that Paul is bringing to the Gentiles, and you could translate, “the responsibility that God gave me to bring his grace to you” or (2) the gift to Paul of being the steward of the gospel for the Gentiles, and you could translate that as “the responsibility that God graciously gave me for your benefit.”
181
EPH
3
12
ab6c
figs-hendiadys
τὴν παρρησίαν καὶ προσαγωγὴν
1
the boldness and access
These two words work together to express one idea: “bold access” or “boldness to enter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
182
EPH
3
12
zx5c
figs-explicit
προσαγωγὴν ἐν πεποιθήσει
1
access with confidence
It may be helpful to state explicitly that this access is into God’s presence. Alternate translation: “access into God’s presence with confidence” or “freedom to enter into God’s presence with confidence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
183
EPH
3
12
kri2
πεποιθήσει
1
confidence
“certainty” or “assurance”
184
EPH
3
13
abd4
grammar-connect-logic-result
διὸ
1
Therefore
The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that the believers have access to Christ with confidence. The result is that the believers will not be discouraged. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])The connecting word **therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that the believers have access to Christ with confidence. The result is that the believers will not be discouraged. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
185
EPH
3
13
ciu6
figs-metonymy
ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν, ἥτις ἐστὶν δόξα ὑμῶν
1
for you, which is your glory
Here, **your glory** is a metonym for the salvation and eternal life that the Ephesians will have because of Paul’s work of telling them about Christ, which resulted in his suffering in prison. This can be stated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “for you. They bring you a wonderful benefit” or “for you. They result in your salvation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
186
EPH
3
14
abd5
grammar-connect-logic-result
τούτου χάριν
1
For this reason
The connecting phrase **For this reason** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that Paul’s sufferings have caused glory for the believers. The result is that Paul prays to the Father. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])The connecting phrase **for this reason** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that Paul’s sufferings have caused glory for the believers. The result is that Paul prays to the Father. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
187
EPH
3
14
v3gd
figs-explicit
τούτου χάριν
1
For this reason
You may need to make explicit what the reason is. Alternate translation: “because God has done all this for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
188
EPH
3
14
vju2
figs-synecdoche
κάμπτω τὰ γόνατά μου πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα
1
I bend my knees to the Father
Bent knees are a picture of the whole person in an attitude of prayer. Alternate translation: “I bow down in prayer to the Father” or “I humbly pray to the Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
from whom every family in heaven and on earth is named
The act of naming here probably also represents the act of creating. Alternate translation: “who created and named every family in heaven and on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
212
EPH
3
21
ab12
figs-abstractnouns
αὐτῷ ἡ δόξα ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ
1
to him be glory in the church
**Glory** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “may God’s people glorify him” or “may God’s people praise him for how great he is” See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
213
EPH
4
intro
ang8
0
# Ephesians 04 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verse 8, which is quoted from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Spiritual gifts<br>Spiritual gifts are specific supernatural abilities that the Holy Spirit gives to Christians after they come to believe in Jesus. These spiritual gifts were foundational to developing the church. Paul lists here only some of the spiritual gifts. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>### Unity<br>Paul considers it very important that the church is united. This is a major theme of this chapter.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Old man and new man<br>The term “old man” probably refers to the sinful nature with which a person is born. The “new man” is the new nature or new life that God gives a person after they come to believe in Christ.
214
EPH
4
1
sb64
0
Connecting Statement:
Because of what Paul has been writing to the Ephesians, he tells them how they should live their lives as believers and again emphasizes that believers are to agree with each other.
215
EPH
4
1
abda
grammar-connect-logic-result
οὖν
1
Therefore
The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that God will be glorified in the church for all generations. The result is that believers should walk in a way that is worthy of the Lord. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])The connecting word **therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that God will be glorified in the church for all generations. The result is that believers should walk in a way that is worthy of the Lord. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
216
EPH
4
1
uss5
ὁ δέσμιος ἐν Κυρίῳ
1
the prisoner for the Lord
“someone who is in prison because he serves the Lord”
217
EPH
4
1
zxr1
figs-metaphor
ἀξίως περιπατῆσαι τῆς κλήσεως
1
to walk worthily of the calling
**to walk** is a common way to express the idea of living one’s life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
218
EPH
4
1
abc5
τῆς κλήσεως ἧς ἐκλήθητε
1
of the calling by which you were called
Here, **the calling** refers to the fact that God chose them to be his people. Alternate translation: “because God chose you to be his people”
227
EPH
4
7
i4za
0
Connecting Statement:
Paul reminds believers of the gifts that Christ gives believers to use in the church, which is the whole body of believers.
228
EPH
4
7
u2bw
figs-activepassive
ἑνὶ…ἑκάστῳ ἡμῶν ἐδόθη ἡ χάρις
1
to each one of us grace has been given
This can be stated using an active form. Alternate translation: “God has given grace to each one of us” or “God gave a gift to each believer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
229
EPH
4
7
abbw
figs-abstractnouns
ἑνὶ…ἑκάστῳ ἡμῶν ἐδόθη ἡ χάρις
1
to each one of us grace has been given
**Grace** is an abstract noun that refers here to a gift from God. Alternate translation: “God has given a gift to each believer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
230
EPH
4
8
abdb
grammar-connect-logic-result
διὸ
1
Therefore
The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that every believer has been given a spiritual gift. The result is that the Scripture says Jesus gave gifts to men. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])The connecting word **therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that every believer has been given a spiritual gift. The result is that the Scripture says Jesus gave gifts to men. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
231
EPH
4
8
wj8t
ἀναβὰς εἰς ὕψος
1
When he ascended to the heights
“When Christ went up into heaven”
232
EPH
4
9
e5at
ἀνέβη
1
he ascended
“Christ went up”
233
EPH
4
9
zu81
καὶ κατέβη
1
he also descended
“Christ also came down”
250
EPH
4
14
xgi4
figs-metaphor
ὦμεν νήπιοι
1
be children
Paul refers to believers who have not grown spiritually as if they were children who have had very little experience in life. Alternate translation: “be like children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
tossed back and forth…carried away by every wind of teaching
Paul speaks of a believer who has not become mature and follows various wrong teachings as if that believer were a boat and the teachings were the wind and waves that move the boat in different directions on the water. See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
through the trickery of people in cleverness for deceitful scheming
**Trickery**, **cleverness**, and **scheming** are abstract nouns. Alternate translation: “by crafty people who trick believers with clever lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
253
EPH
4
15
abdd
grammar-connect-logic-contrast
δὲ
1
Instead
The connecting word **Instead** introduces a contrast relationship. Following every changing teaching is in contrast to becoming mature in Christ and building up his body. Use a word in your language that indicates contrast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])The connecting word **instead** introduces a contrast relationship. Following every changing teaching is in contrast to becoming mature in Christ and building up his body. Use a word in your language that indicates contrast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
254
EPH
4
15
ab88
figs-abstractnouns
ἀληθεύοντες
1
speaking the truth
**Truth** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “speaking truthfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
255
EPH
4
15
i2ff
figs-abstractnouns
ἐν ἀγάπῃ
1
in love
**Love** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “as the members love one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
256
EPH
4
15
zw32
figs-metaphor
εἰς αὐτὸν…ὅς ἐστιν ἡ κεφαλή
1
into him who is the head
Paul uses a metaphor of the human body to describe how Christ causes believers to work together in harmony as the head of a body causes the body parts to work together to grow in a healthy way. See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
259
EPH
4
16
abff
figs-abstractnouns
ἐν ἀγάπῃ
1
in love
**Love** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “as the members love one another” or “to be able to love each other more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
260
EPH
4
16
l5r6
figs-metaphor
διὰ πάσης ἁφῆς τῆς ἐπιχορηγίας
1
by every supporting ligament
Paul continues the metaphor comparing the believers to a human body. A **ligament** is a strong band that connects bones or holds organs in place in the body. Just as the body is held together by strong ligaments, so the believers are held together by love that grows stronger as the body parts grow and work together. See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
261
EPH
4
17
n5cy
0
Connecting Statement:
Paul tells them what they should no longer do now that they, as believers, are sealed by the Holy Spirit of God.
262
EPH
4
17
abde
grammar-connect-logic-result
οὖν
1
Therefore
The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that Christ wants every believer to become spiritually mature and to serve the other believers. The result is that the Ephesian believers should no longer act as the Gentiles act. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])The connecting word **therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that Christ wants every believer to become spiritually mature and to serve the other believers. The result is that the Ephesian believers should no longer act as the Gentiles act. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
263
EPH
4
17
ksr8
τοῦτο οὖν λέγω καὶ μαρτύρομαι
1
Therefore, I say this and strongly urge you
“Because of what I have just said, I will now say something more in order to strongly encourage you”
264
EPH
4
17
abr8
ἐν Κυρίῳ
1
in the Lord
This could mean either (1) “with the authority of the Lord” or (2) “because we all belong to the Lord.”
to walk no longer as the Gentiles also walk, in futility of their minds
Paul commonly uses this metaphor that compares walking to living one’s life. Alternate translation: “to stop living like the Gentiles with their worthless thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
273
EPH
4
18
abdg
grammar-connect-logic-result
διὰ
2
because
The connecting word **because** introduces a reason-result relationship. The second reason is that their hearts are hardened. The result is that Gentiles are separated from God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
274
EPH
4
19
ldy8
figs-metaphor
ἑαυτοὺς παρέδωκαν τῇ ἀσελγείᾳ
1
have handed themselves over to sensuality
Paul speaks of these people as if they were objects that they themselves were giving to other people, and he speaks of the way that they want to satisfy their physical desires as if the desires were the person to whom they give themselves. Alternate translation: “have given in to every physical desire” or “only want to satisfy their physical desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
275
EPH
4
20
e5vk
ὑμεῖς δὲ οὐχ οὕτως ἐμάθετε τὸν Χριστόν
1
But you did not thus learn Christ
The word **thus** refers to the way that the Gentiles live, as described in [Ephesians 4:17-19](../04/17.md). This emphasizes that what the believers learned from Christ was the opposite of that. Alternate translation: “but what you learned about the ways of Christ was not like that”
276
EPH
4
20
abdh
grammar-connect-logic-contrast
δὲ
1
But
The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. The sinful way the Gentiles live is in contrast to the way that Paul taught the Ephesians to live according to the truth of Jesus. Use a connecting word in your language that marks a contrast here (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. The sinful way the Gentiles live is in contrast to the way that Paul taught the Ephesians to live according to the truth of Jesus. Use a connecting word in your language that marks a contrast here (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
277
EPH
4
21
hy7r
figs-irony
εἴ γε αὐτὸν ἠκούσατε καὶ ἐν αὐτῷ ἐδιδάχθητε
1
if indeed you have heard about him and were taught in him
Paul knows that the people to whom he is writing have heard and been taught these things. He is using irony as a form of rebuke—if they are doing things contrary to the way of Christ, they know better than that and need to stop. See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
278
EPH
4
21
b3pn
figs-activepassive
ἐν αὐτῷ ἐδιδάχθητε
1
were taught in him
This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “received instruction in his ways” or (2) “Jesus’ people have taught you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
279
EPH
4
21
gdz6
καθώς ἐστιν ἀλήθεια ἐν τῷ Ἰησοῦ
1
as the truth is in Jesus
“as Jesus teaches us the true way to live” or “as everything about Jesus is true” See the UST.
284
EPH
4
23
jy7h
figs-activepassive
ἀνανεοῦσθαι…τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ νοὸς ὑμῶν
1
to be renewed in the spirit of your minds
This may be translated with an active form. Alternate translation: “to allow God to change your attitudes and thoughts” or “to allow God to give you new attitudes and thoughts” See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
285
EPH
4
24
x41y
figs-abstractnouns
ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ καὶ ὁσιότητι τῆς ἀληθείας
1
in righteousness and holiness of the truth
**Righteousness**, **holiness**, and **truth** are abstract nouns. Alternate translation: “truly righteous and holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
286
EPH
4
24
abc7
figs-metaphor
ἐνδύσασθαι τὸν καινὸν ἄνθρωπον
1
to put on the new man
Paul continues to speak of a way of living as if it were a person, and also as if it were clothing, so that one could **put on** the new person like a robe. Alternate translation: “be the new person” or “start living in the new way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
287
EPH
4
25
abdi
grammar-connect-logic-result
διὸ
1
Therefore
The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that God has created the believers as new, holy people. The result is that they would stop acting immorally like they used to live. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])The connecting word **therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that God has created the believers as new, holy people. The result is that they would stop acting immorally like they used to live. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
288
EPH
4
25
abn8
figs-metaphor
ἀποθέμενοι τὸ ψεῦδος
1
putting aside lying
Paul speaks of telling lies as if they were objects that the believers could set aside. Alternate translation: “no longer telling lies” or “instead of telling lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
289
EPH
4
25
ab23
figs-abstractnouns
λαλεῖτε ἀλήθειαν
1
speak truth
**Truth** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “speak truthfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
290
EPH
4
25
abdj
grammar-connect-logic-result
ὅτι
1
because
The connecting word **because** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that believers are members of the same body of Christ. The result is that believers should speak the truth to each other. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
292
EPH
4
26
w8rw
ὀργίζεσθε, καὶ μὴ ἁμαρτάνετε
1
Be angry and do not sin
“You may get angry, but do not sin” or “If you become angry, do not sin”
293
EPH
4
26
ki7p
figs-metonymy
ὁ ἥλιος μὴ ἐπιδυέτω ἐπὶ παροργισμῷ ὑμῶν
1
Do not let the sun go down on your indignation
The sun going down represents nightfall or the end of the day. Alternate translation: “you must stop being angry before night comes” or “let go of your anger before the day ends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
294
EPH
4
27
w71s
μηδὲ δίδοτε τόπον τῷ διαβόλῳ
1
nor give an opportunity to the devil
“and do not give the devil an opportunity to lead you into sin”
295
EPH
4
28
abdk
grammar-connect-logic-contrast
μᾶλλον δὲ
1
But rather
The connecting phrase **But rather** introduces a contrast relationship. The way a former thief should work hard to have something to share with others is in contrast to the way he formerly stole for himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])The connecting phrase **but rather** introduces a contrast relationship. The way a former thief should work hard to have something to share with others is in contrast to the way he formerly stole for himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
296
EPH
4
28
abdl
grammar-connect-logic-goal
ἵνα
1
so that
The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a goal relationship. The goal or purpose of working hard with ones own hands is to be able to meet the needs of others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
297
EPH
4
29
f6yk
λόγος σαπρὸς
1
corrupt talk
This refers to speech that is cruel or rude.
298
EPH
4
29
abdm
grammar-connect-logic-contrast
ἀλλ’
1
but
The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. Speaking what is corrupt is in contrast to speaking good things that will build up others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
307
EPH
4
31
v576
figs-metaphor
ἀρθήτω
1
Let…be removed
Paul speaks of attitudes and behaviors as though they were physical objects that can be removed. Alternate translation: “you must not allow … to be part of your life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
308
EPH
4
31
t1gj
figs-abstractnouns
πικρία, καὶ θυμὸς, καὶ ὀργὴ
1
bitterness, and rage, and anger
These are abstract nouns that can be expressed as adjectives. Alternate translation: “being bitter, and intensely angry, and angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
309
EPH
4
31
abgj
figs-abstractnouns
κακίᾳ
1
malice
**Malice** is an abstract noun that can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “being malicious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
310
EPH
4
32
abdo
grammar-connect-logic-contrast
δὲ
1
Instead
The connecting word **Instead** introduces a contrast relationship. Speaking angry and hurtful things is in contrast to speaking kind and tender things to one another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])The connecting word **instead** introduces a contrast relationship. Speaking angry and hurtful things is in contrast to speaking kind and tender things to one another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
311
EPH
4
32
w7tk
εὔσπλαγχνοι
1
tenderhearted
“gentle and compassionate towards others”
312
EPH
5
intro
tdd2
0
# Ephesians 05 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the words of verse 14.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Inheritance of the kingdom of Christ<br><br>Some scholars believe that those who continue to practice the things listed in 5:5 will not inherit eternal life. But God can forgive all the sins listed in this verse. Immoral, impure, or greedy people can still receive eternal life if they repent and believe in Jesus. God will be the one who decides this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Wives, submit to your husbands<br><br>Scholars are divided over how to understand this passage in its historical and cultural context. Some scholars believe that men and women are perfectly equal in all things. Other scholars believe that God created men and women to serve in distinctly different roles in marriage and the church. Translators should be careful not to let how they interpret this issue affect how they translate this passage.
313
EPH
5
1
wus5
0
Connecting Statement:
Paul continues to tell the believers how they should and should not live as God’s children.
314
EPH
5
1
jx2q
γίνεσθε οὖν μιμηταὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ
1
Therefore be imitators of God
**Imitators** is a verbal noun, and can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “Therefore, imitate God” or “Therefore you should do what God does.”
315
EPH
5
1
abdp
grammar-connect-logic-result
οὖν
1
Therefore
The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason (stated in [Ephesians 4:32](../04/32.md)) is that God has forgiven us through Christ. The result (stated here) is that believers should imitate what God is like. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])The connecting word **therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason (stated in [Ephesians 4:32](../04/32.md)) is that God has forgiven us through Christ. The result (stated here) is that believers should imitate what God is like. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
316
EPH
5
1
zen5
figs-simile
ὡς τέκνα ἀγαπητά
1
as beloved children
God desires us to imitate or follow him since we are his spiritual children. Alternate translation: “as dearly loved children imitate their fathers” or “because you are his children and he loves you dearly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
317
EPH
5
2
ta41
figs-metaphor
περιπατεῖτε ἐν ἀγάπῃ
1
walk in love
To **walk** is a common way to express the idea of living one’s life. Alternate translation: “live a life of love” or “always love each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
318
EPH
5
2
bak1
figs-metaphor
προσφορὰν καὶ θυσίαν τῷ Θεῷ εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας
1
an offering and sacrifice to God for a fragrant aroma
This metaphor compares Christ dying on the cross for our sins with the Old Testament sacrifices for sin, which were roasted in a fire and gave off a pleasing smell. Alternate translation: “like a sweet-smelling offering and sacrifice to God” or “an offering and sacrifice to God that pleased God very much” See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
But sexual immorality and every impurity or greed must not even be named among you
This can be stated in an active form: “Do not do anything that would let anyone think that you are guilty of sexual immorality or any kind of impurity or greed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
320
EPH
5
3
abdq
grammar-connect-logic-contrast
δὲ
1
But
The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. The fragrant offering and sacrifice to God is in contrast to sinful acts and thoughts that are not fitting for saints. Use a connecting word that indicates a contrast in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. The fragrant offering and sacrifice to God is in contrast to sinful acts and thoughts that are not fitting for saints. Use a connecting word that indicates a contrast in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
321
EPH
5
3
xat9
ἀκαθαρσία πᾶσα
1
every impurity
“any moral uncleanness”
322
EPH
5
4
utm5
ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον εὐχαριστία
1
but instead thanksgiving
**Thanksgiving** is a verbal noun, and can be translated with a verb: “Instead of those things, you should thank God”
323
EPH
5
4
abdr
grammar-connect-logic-contrast
ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον
1
but instead
The connecting phrase **but instead** introduces a contrast relationship. Sinful acts and thoughts are in contrast to thanksgiving to God. Use a connecting word that indicates a contrast in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
327
EPH
5
6
abds
grammar-connect-logic-result
γὰρ
1
for
The connecting word **for** introduces a reason-result relationship. The result is stated first: that the Ephesian believers should not let anyone deceive them with empty words. Then the reason is stated: that the wrath of God will judge those things. Use a phrase that connects a reason to a result, and put them in the order that is most natural in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
328
EPH
5
6
ab16
figs-abstractnouns
ἔρχεται ἡ ὀργὴ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐπὶ
1
the wrath of God is coming upon
**Wrath** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “God will certainly punish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
329
EPH
5
6
ab73
figs-idiom
τοὺς υἱοὺς τῆς ἀπειθείας
1
the sons of disobedience
This is an idiom that means, “people who habitually disobey” or “people who are characterized by disobedience” Alternate translation: “those who disobey God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
330
EPH
5
7
abdt
grammar-connect-logic-result
οὖν
1
Therefore
The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that God will judge those people in his wrath. The result is that the Ephesian believers should not become partners with evil men. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])The connecting word **therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that God will judge those people in his wrath. The result is that the Ephesian believers should not become partners with evil men. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
331
EPH
5
8
wy9d
figs-metaphor
ἦτε γάρ ποτε σκότος
1
because formerly you were darkness
Just as one cannot see in the dark, so people who love to sin cannot see or understand the things of God. Alternate translation: “because formerly you did not understand anything about God” See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
332
EPH
5
8
abdw
grammar-connect-logic-result
γάρ
1
because
The connecting word **because** introduces a reason-result relationship. The result is stated first (v.7): that the Ephesian believers should not become partners with evil men. The reason is stated second (v. 8): that the Ephesian believers are no longer darkness, but are now light. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result, using the order that is most natural for your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
333
EPH
5
8
iw4q
figs-metaphor
νῦν δὲ φῶς ἐν Κυρίῳ
1
but now are light in the Lord
Just as one can see in the light, so people whom God has saved understand how to please God. Alternate translation: “but now you know God and can live for him” See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
343
EPH
5
11
hpl2
figs-metaphor
ἐλέγχετε
1
expose them
Speaking against the works of darkness is spoken of as bringing them out into the light so that people can see them. Alternate translation: “bring them out into the light” or “uncover them” or “show and tell people how wrong these actions are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
344
EPH
5
12
cd23
writing-pronouns
αὐτῶν
1
them
**Them** here refers to the **sons of disobedience** mentioned in 5:6 and also referred to as **them** in 5:7. If it is unclear who **them** refers to in either place, then use “those who disobey God” or a similar phrase. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
345
EPH
5
13
sp1z
0
General Information:
It is unknown if this quotation is a combination of quotations from the prophet Isaiah or a quotation from a hymn sung by the believers.
346
EPH
5
13
abdy
grammar-connect-logic-contrast
δὲ
1
But
The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. Hiding the shameful works of darkness now is in contrast to the light exposing them later. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. Hiding the shameful works of darkness now is in contrast to the light exposing them later. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
347
EPH
5
13
vqi7
figs-metaphor
πᾶν…τὸ φανερούμενον φῶς ἐστιν
1
anything that becomes visible is light
Paul makes this general statement in order to imply that God’s Word shows people’s actions to be good or bad. The Bible often speaks of God’s truth as if it were light that could reveal the character of something. Alternate translation: “if you compare everything to what God says, you can know if it is good or bad” See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
348
EPH
5
14
abdz
grammar-connect-logic-result
διὸ
1
Therefore
The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that their sins will be revealed by the light. The result is that sinners should allow Christ to shine on them. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])The connecting word **therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that their sins will be revealed by the light. The result is that sinners should allow Christ to shine on them. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
349
EPH
5
14
z4ar
figs-apostrophe
ἔγειρε, ὁ καθεύδων, καὶ ἀνάστα ἐκ τῶν νεκρῶν
1
Awake, O sleeper, and arise from the dead
Possible meanings are: (1) Paul is addressing the believers and using death as a metaphor for their areas of spiritual weakness that they need to become aware of and reject, or (2) Paul is addressing unbelievers who need to wake up from being dead spiritually just as a person who has died must come alive again in order to respond. See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
350
EPH
5
14
abcl
figs-apostrophe
ὁ καθεύδων
1
O sleeper
Paul addresses this comment directly to either (1) the believers who are reading or hearing the letter, or (2) to unbelievers who are not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
351
EPH
5
14
e873
figs-metaphor
ἐκ τῶν νεκρῶν
1
from the dead
This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To arise from among them speaks of becoming alive again and is a metaphor for becoming alive spiritually and living for God. Alternate Translation: “from among all those who have died” or “from among those who are spiritually dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
358
EPH
5
16
h8b1
figs-metaphor
ἐξαγοραζόμενοι τὸν καιρόν
1
redeeming the time
Using time wisely is spoken of as if it were redeeming the time. Alternate translation: “doing the best things you can with your time” or “using time wisely” or “putting time to its best use” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
359
EPH
5
16
lrb6
figs-metonymy
ὅτι αἱ ἡμέραι πονηραί εἰσιν
1
because the days are evil
The word **days** is a metonym for what people do during those days. Alternate translation: “because the people around you are constantly doing all kinds of evil things and the opportunities that you have to do good may become few” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
360
EPH
5
16
abe3
grammar-connect-logic-result
ὅτι
1
because
The connecting word **because** introduces the reason of a reason-result relationship. The reason is that the days are evil. The result is that the believers must redeem the time. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
361
EPH
5
17
abe4
grammar-connect-logic-result
διὰ τοῦτο
1
Therefore
The connecting word **Therefore** introduces the result of a reason-result relationship. The reason is that the days are evil. The result is that the believers will not be foolish, but understand God’s will. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])The connecting word **therefore** introduces the result of a reason-result relationship. The reason is that the days are evil. The result is that the believers will not be foolish, but understand God’s will. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
362
EPH
5
17
abe5
grammar-connect-logic-contrast
ἀλλὰ
1
but
The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. Being foolish is in contrast to understanding God’s will. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
363
EPH
5
18
tz9e
0
Connecting Statement:
Paul ends his instructions on how all believers should live.
364
EPH
5
18
scp1
καὶ μὴ μεθύσκεσθε οἴνῳ
1
And do not get drunk with wine
“You should not get drunk from drinking wine”
365
EPH
5
18
cd33
figs-abstractnouns
ἐν ᾧ ἐστιν ἀσωτία
1
in which is recklessness
**Recklessness** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “which leads to reckless behavior” or “because that will ruin you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
366
EPH
5
18
lgw3
ἀλλὰ πληροῦσθε ἐν Πνεύματι
1
Instead, be filled with the Spirit
“Instead, you should be controlled by the Holy Spirit”
367
EPH
5
18
abe6
grammar-connect-logic-contrast
ἀλλὰ
1
Instead
The connecting word **Instead** introduces a contrast relationship. Being drunk is in contrast to being filled with the Spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])The connecting word **instead** introduces a contrast relationship. Being drunk is in contrast to being filled with the Spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
368
EPH
5
19
egk6
figs-merism
ψαλμοῖς, καὶ ὕμνοις, καὶ ᾠδαῖς πνευματικαῖς
1
psalms, and hymns, and spiritual songs
Possible meanings are that: (1) Paul is using these words as a merism for “all sorts of songs to praise God” or (2) Paul is listing specific forms of music. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
369
EPH
5
19
n5jj
ψαλμοῖς
1
psalms
These are probably songs from the Old Testament book of Psalms that Christians sang.
370
EPH
5
19
g5ss
ὕμνοις
1
hymns
These are songs of praise and worship that may have been written specifically for Christians to sing.
373
EPH
5
20
e6w5
figs-metaphor
ἐν ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ
1
in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ
Here, **name** may represent (1) Jesus himself, Alternate translation: “because you belong to our Lord Jesus Christ” or (2) the authority of Jesus, Alternate translation: “with the authority of our Lord Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
374
EPH
5
20
abw5
τῷ Θεῷ καὶ Πατρί
1
to God the Father
“to God, who is our father”
375
EPH
5
22
isd7
0
Connecting Statement:
Paul begins to explain how Christians are to submit themselves to one another ([Ephesians 5:21](../05/21.md)). He starts with instructions to wives and husbands on how they should act toward each other.
376
EPH
5
23
abe7
grammar-connect-logic-result
ὅτι
1
For
The connecting word **For** introduces the reason of a reason-result relationship. The reason is that the husband is head of the wife in the same way Christ is head of the church. The result is that wives should submit to their husbands. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])The connecting word **for** introduces the reason of a reason-result relationship. The reason is that the husband is head of the wife in the same way Christ is head of the church. The result is that wives should submit to their husbands. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
377
EPH
5
23
x637
figs-metaphor
κεφαλὴ τῆς γυναικὸς…κεφαλὴ τῆς ἐκκλησίας
1
the head of the wife…the head of the church
The word **head** here represents the leader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
378
EPH
5
23
abc1
τοῦ σώματος
1
the body
The church is often referred to as the body of Christ.
379
EPH
5
25
sx8d
0
General Information:
Here the words **himself** and **he** refer to Christ. The word **her** refers to the church.
396
EPH
5
30
h44f
figs-metaphor
μέλη ἐσμὲν τοῦ σώματος αὐτοῦ
1
we are members of his body
Here Paul speaks of the close union of believers with Christ as if they were part of his own body, for which he would naturally care. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
397
EPH
5
31
yp23
0
General Information:
The quotation is from the writings of Moses in the Old Testament.
398
EPH
5
31
yp24
0
General Information:
The words **his** and **himself** refer to a male believer who marries.
399
EPH
5
31
abef
grammar-connect-logic-result
ἀντὶ τούτου
1
For this reason
The connecting phrase **For this reason** introduces the result of a reason-result relationship. In this case, this phrase is part of a quotation from Genesis 2:24 and so the reason is not stated here, but it is stated in Genesis 2:23 that woman was created out of man. The result is that a man will leave his father and mother and be joined to his wife. If it is confusing to not state the reason, you can include a footnote that says, “the reason for this is that woman was created out of man. See Genesis 2:23” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])The connecting phrase **for this reason** introduces the result of a reason-result relationship. In this case, this phrase is part of a quotation from Genesis 2:24 and so the reason is not stated here, but it is stated in Genesis 2:23 that woman was created out of man. The result is that a man will leave his father and mother and be joined to his wife. If it is confusing to not state the reason, you can include a footnote that says, “the reason for this is that woman was created out of man. See Genesis 2:23” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
400
EPH
6
intro
r7c3
0
# Ephesians 06 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Slavery<br>Paul does not write in this chapter about whether slavery is good or bad. Paul teaches about working to please God whether as a slave or as a master. What Paul teaches here about slavery would have been surprising. In his time, masters were not expected to treat their slaves with respect and not threaten them.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Armor of God<br>This extended metaphor describes how Christians can protect themselves when spiritually attacked. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
401
EPH
6
1
wq46
figs-you
0
General Information:
The command in verse one is plural. Then in verses two and three Paul quotes from the law of Moses. Moses was talking to the people of Israel as though they were one person, so **your** and **you** are singular there. If that does not make sense, you may need to translate them as plurals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
402
EPH
6
1
jf17
0
Connecting Statement:
Paul continues to explain how Christians are to submit themselves to each other. He gives instructions to children, fathers, workers, and masters.
404
EPH
6
1
abeg
grammar-connect-logic-result
γάρ
1
for
The connecting word **for** introduces the reason of a reason-result relationship. The reason is that children should do what is right. The result is that children should obey their parents. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
405
EPH
6
3
abeh
grammar-connect-logic-goal
ἵνα
1
so that
The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a goal relationship. The goal or purpose of obeying your father and mother is to live well and long on the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
406
EPH
6
4
bb7g
μὴ παροργίζετε τὰ τέκνα ὑμῶν
1
do not provoke your children to anger
“do not make your children angry” or “do not cause your children to be angry”
407
EPH
6
4
abei
grammar-connect-logic-contrast
ἀλλὰ
1
Instead
The connecting word **Instead** introduces a contrast relationship. Fathers provoking their children to anger is in contrast to raising their children in discipline and instruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])The connecting word **instead** introduces a contrast relationship. Fathers provoking their children to anger is in contrast to raising their children in discipline and instruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
408
EPH
6
4
ytg5
figs-abstractnouns
ἐκτρέφετε αὐτὰ ἐν παιδείᾳ καὶ νουθεσίᾳ Κυρίου
1
raise them in the discipline and instruction of the Lord
The abstract nouns **discipline** and **instruction** can be expressed as verbs. Alternate translation: “teach them to become adults by making sure that they know and do what the Lord wants them to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
409
EPH
6
5
s1pq
figs-doublet
φόβου καὶ τρόμου
1
fear and trembling
The phrase **fear and trembling** uses two similar ideas to emphasize the importance of honoring their masters. Alternate translation: “with deep respect” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
410
EPH
6
5
z6xx
figs-hyperbole
καὶ τρόμου
1
and trembling
Here, **trembling** is an exaggeration used to emphasize how important it is that slaves obey their masters. Alternate translation: “and deep respect” or “as though you were shaking with fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
411
EPH
6
5
pd6z
figs-metonymy
ἐν ἁπλότητι τῆς καρδίας ὑμῶν
1
in honesty of your heart
Here, **heart** is a metonym for a person’s mind or intentions. Alternate translation: “with honesty” or “with sincerity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
412
EPH
6
5
ab6z
figs-abstractnouns
ἐν ἁπλότητι
1
in honesty
**Honesty** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “honestly” or “sincerely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
413
EPH
6
5
cd6z
figs-explicit
ὡς τῷ Χριστῷ
1
as to Christ
To make this clear, you may want to include the verb here: “as you obey Christ.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
414
EPH
6
6
abej
grammar-connect-logic-contrast
ἀλλ’
1
but
The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. Obeying our masters as men-pleasers is in contrast to obeying them because we are slaves of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. Obeying our masters as men-pleasers is in contrast to obeying them because we are slaves of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
415
EPH
6
6
l9ve
ὡς δοῦλοι Χριστοῦ
1
as slaves of Christ
“as though your earthly master were Christ himself”
416
EPH
6
6
u5fn
figs-metonymy
ἐκ ψυχῆς
1
from the soul
Here, **soul** is a metonym for “attitudes” or “intentions.” Alternate translation: “wholeheartedly” or “enthusiastically” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
417
EPH
6
9
i85s
figs-explicit
τὰ αὐτὰ ποιεῖτε πρὸς αὐτούς
1
do the same to them
**The same** refers back to “if he does something good” from ([Ephesians 6:8](../06/08.md)). Alternate translation: “you also must treat your slaves well” or “just as slaves must do good to their masters, you also must do good to your slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
421
EPH
6
10
e4mg
figs-doublet
τῷ κράτει τῆς ἰσχύος αὐτοῦ
1
the force of his strength
These two words are very similar in meaning. Together, they reinforce each other. Alternate translation: “his great power” See how you translated this phrase near the end of [Ephesians 1:19](../01/19.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
Put on the whole armor of God, so that you may be able to stand against the scheming plans of the devil
In this metaphor, Paul pictures the spiritual resources that God gives to all Christians as a soldier’s armor. Alternate translation: “just as a soldier puts on armor to protect himself from enemy attacks, use all of God’s resources to stand firmly against the devil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
423
EPH
6
11
ra3y
τὰς μεθοδίας
1
the scheming plans
“the tricky plans”
424
EPH
6
12
abek
grammar-connect-logic-result
ὅτι
1
For
The connecting word **For** introduces the reason of a reason-result relationship. The reason is that we are in a struggle against spiritual forces of darkness. The result is that we should put on the whole armor of God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])The connecting word **for** introduces the reason of a reason-result relationship. The reason is that we are in a struggle against spiritual forces of darkness. The result is that we should put on the whole armor of God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
425
EPH
6
12
d7be
figs-synecdoche
αἷμα καὶ σάρκα
1
blood and flesh
This expression refers to people, not spirits who do not have human bodies. Alternate translation: “human beings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
426
EPH
6
12
abel
grammar-connect-logic-contrast
ἀλλὰ
1
but
The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. People made of flesh and blood are in contrast to spiritual forces. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. People made of flesh and blood are in contrast to spiritual forces. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
427
EPH
6
12
ftu4
figs-explicit
πρὸς τοὺς κοσμοκράτορας
1
against the world-controllers
Here it is implied that **the world-controllers** refers to powerful spiritual beings. Alternate translation: “against the powerful spiritual beings that rule over people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
428
EPH
6
12
abcn
figs-metaphor
τοῦ σκότους τούτου
1
this darkness
Here, **darkness** is a metaphor for things that are evil. Alternate translation: “during this present evil time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
429
EPH
6
13
jrn9
figs-metaphor
διὰ τοῦτο, ἀναλάβετε τὴν πανοπλίαν τοῦ Θεοῦ
1
Therefore, put on the whole armor of God
Christians should use the protective resources God gives them in fighting the devil in the same way that a soldier puts on armor to protect himself against his enemies. See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
430
EPH
6
13
abem
grammar-connect-logic-result
διὰ τοῦτο
1
Therefore
The connecting word **Therefore** introduces the result of a reason-result relationship. The reason is that we are in a battle against evil spiritual forces. The result is that we should put on the whole armor of God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])The connecting word **therefore** introduces the result of a reason-result relationship. The reason is that we are in a battle against evil spiritual forces. The result is that we should put on the whole armor of God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
431
EPH
6
13
cy9h
figs-metaphor
ἵνα δυνηθῆτε ἀντιστῆναι ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ πονηρᾷ
1
so that you may be able to withstand in the evil day
The word **withstand** means to successfully resist something. Alternate translation: “so that you may be able to resist when evil attacks you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
432
EPH
6
13
ab9h
figs-explicit
ἵνα δυνηθῆτε ἀντιστῆναι
1
so that you may be able to withstand
It may be helpful to state explicitly what believers are to withstand. Alternate translation: “so that you may be able to withstand the attacks of the devil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
433
EPH
6
13
aben
grammar-connect-logic-goal
ἵνα
1
so that
The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a goal relationship. The goal or purpose of putting on the whole armor of God is to be able to withstand the attacks of the spiritual forces of darkness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
446
EPH
6
17
abkw
figs-abstractnouns
τοῦ σωτηρίου
1
of salvation
**Salvation** is an abstract noun that can be translated with a verb. Alternate Translation: “that represents the fact that God has saved you” See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
447
EPH
6
17
c191
figs-metaphor
τὴν μάχαιραν τοῦ Πνεύματος, ὅ ἐστιν ῥῆμα Θεοῦ
1
the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God
In this metaphor, God’s message is compared to a soldier’s **sword**. Just as soldiers use a sword to fight and defeat their enemy, so a believer can use God’s message in the Bible to fight against the devil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
With every prayer and request, pray at all times in the Spirit
“Pray at all times in the Spirit as you pray and make specific requests”
449
EPH
6
18
g1i7
grammar-connect-logic-goal
εἰς αὐτὸ
1
To this end
The connecting phrase **To this end** marks a goal or purpose relationship. The goal is what was just mentioned: to pray at all times in the Spirit. In order to do that, believers must be watchful and persevere in making requests for all the saints. Alternate Translation: “For this reason” or “In order to do that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])The connecting phrase **to this end** marks a goal or purpose relationship. The goal is what was just mentioned: to pray at all times in the Spirit. In order to do that, believers must be watchful and persevere in making requests for all the saints. Alternate Translation: “For this reason” or “In order to do that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
be watchful with all perseverance and requests for all the saints
**Perseverance** is an abstract noun that can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “persevere in being alert, and pray for all God’s holy people” or “pray with constant alertness for all the believers” See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
451
EPH
6
19
rm1h
0
Connecting Statement:
In closing this letter, Paul asks his readers to pray for his boldness in telling the gospel while he is in prison and he says that he is sending Tychicus to comfort them.
452
EPH
6
19
j135
figs-activepassive
ἵνα μοι δοθῇ λόγος
1
so that a message might be given to me
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that God might give me the word” or “God might give me the message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2TI 1 6 i977 translate-symaction τὸ χάρισμα τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὅ ἐστιν ἐν σοὶ διὰ τῆς ἐπιθέσεως τῶν χειρῶν μου 1 the gift of God that is in you through the laying on of my hands Paul placed his **hands** on Timothy and prayed that God would give him power from God’s Spirit to enable him to do the work that God had called him to do. Then Timothy received the gift from the Holy Spirit. See how you translated this in 1 Tim 4:14. Alternative translation: “the gift of God that you received when I prayed for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2TI 1 6 p010 figs-metaphor τὸ χάρισμα τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὅ ἐστιν ἐν σοὶ διὰ τῆς ἐπιθέσεως τῶν χειρῶν μου 1 the gift of God that is in you through the laying on of my hands Paul speaks of **the gift** as an object inside of Timothy. If the words **that is in you** do not clearly communicate in your language that Timothy received the gift, you could translate it with a verb that expressing the idea of giving or receiving. Alternative translation: “the gift of God that you received when I laid my hands on you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 1 6 s6vb figs-explicit τὸ χάρισμα τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὅ ἐστιν ἐν σοὶ διὰ τῆς ἐπιθέσεως τῶν χειρῶν μου 1 It is implied that this is a spiritual gift that enables Timothy to do the work of ministry that God has called him to do, and that Paul also prayed for Timothy as he laid his hands on him. If these things are not clear, you may want to include this information in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2TI 1 7 u8vl grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 Here, **For** indicates that this verse provides another reason for Paul’s instruction in the previous verse that Timothy should use his spiritual gift. If it would be clearer in your language, you can replace **For** with this information here. Alternate translation: “Another reason why I want you to start using again the gift God that gave you is that…” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
2TI 1 7 u8vl grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 Here, **for** indicates that this verse provides another reason for Paul’s instruction in the previous verse that Timothy should use his spiritual gift. If it would be clearer in your language, you can replace **for** with this information here. Alternate translation: “Another reason why I want you to start using again the gift God that gave you is that…” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
2TI 1 7 h1z3 οὐ…ἔδωκεν ἡμῖν ὁ Θεὸς πνεῦμα δειλίας, ἀλλὰ δυνάμεως, καὶ ἀγάπης, καὶ σωφρονισμοῦ 1 God did not give us a spirit of fear, but of power, and of love, and of discipline This could mean one of two things. (1) **spirit** could refer to the Holy Spirit. Alternate translation: “God’s Holy Spirit does not cause us to be afraid. He causes us to have power and love and discipline” (2) **spirit** could refer to the character of a human being. Alternate translation: “God does not cause us to be afraid but to have power and love and discipline”
2TI 1 7 p011 figs-abstractnouns δυνάμεως, καὶ ἀγάπης, καὶ σωφρονισμοῦ 1 of power, and of love, and of discipline Paul uses abstract nouns to refer to three things that Timothy should be able to do. Your language may have a particular way of expressing these concepts, such as with verbs. If so, you can use them in your translation. Alternate translation: “one that makes us able to obey, to love, and to control ourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2TI 1 7 k6g7 σωφρονισμοῦ 1 discipline The word **discipline** could mean one of two things. (1) **discipline** could refer to self-control. Alternate translation: “of the ability to control ourselves” (2) **discipline** could refer to the power to correct or even to control others. Alternate translation: “of the ability to correct others”
@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2TI 3 15 w9l5 figs-personification τὰ δυνάμενά σε σοφίσαι 1 which are able to make you wise Paul speaks of the Scriptures as if they were a teacher who could instruct people and help them become wise. It may be convenient in your translation to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “By studying them you can become wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2TI 3 15 p098 figs-abstractnouns εἰς σωτηρίαν διὰ πίστεως τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 for salvation through the faith that is in Christ Jesus If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **salvation** with a verb such as “save.” Alternate translation: “so that you will know enough to trust Christ Jesus to save you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2TI 3 16 s274 figs-metaphor πᾶσα Γραφὴ θεόπνευστος καὶ 1 All Scripture is God-breathed The term **God-breathed** uses the image of breathing to indicate that the Scriptures come directly from God through his Spirit. Characteristically in the Bible, the breath of God represents the Spirit of God. Alternate translation: “God produced all Scripture as his Spirit directed people what to write, and it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2TI 3 16 hvr1 πᾶσα Γραφὴ 1 By **All Scripture**, Paul is referring to every part of Scripture, which, at that time, was what we know as the Old Testament. If it is confusing to refer to all of the books of the Old Testament with the singular word **Scripture**, you can change it to a plural word as in the UST and make the verbs plural. Alternate Translation: “All of the Holy Writings are”
2TI 3 16 hvr1 πᾶσα Γραφὴ 1 By **all Scripture**, Paul is referring to every part of Scripture, which, at that time, was what we know as the Old Testament. If it is confusing to refer to all of the books of the Old Testament with the singular word **Scripture**, you can change it to a plural word as in the UST and make the verbs plural. Alternate Translation: “All of the Holy Writings are”
2TI 3 16 uv35 ὠφέλιμος 1 is profitable Paul refers to the Scripture as **profitable** to convey the idea that Timothy and all believers will benefit when they use the Scripture to teach, reprove, correct, and train. Alternate translation: “you will benefit from it as you use it” or “it benefits everyone when we use it”
2TI 3 16 vl2n figs-abstractnouns πρὸς ἐλεγμόν 1 for reproof Paul instructs Timothy to use the Scriptures as the standard for knowing what is right and wrong and showing people that they are wrong. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **reproof** with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “for showing people that they are wrong” or “for helping us to know when we are wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2TI 3 16 e5h9 figs-abstractnouns πρὸς ἐπανόρθωσιν 1 for correction Paul instructs Timothy to use the Scriptures as the standard for showing people how to make something right. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **correction** with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “for showing people how to make things right” or “for showing us how to fix errors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
the gift of God that is in you through the laying on of my hands
Paul placed his **hands** on Timothy and prayed that God would give him power from God’s Spirit to enable him to do the work that God had called him to do. Then Timothy received the gift from the Holy Spirit. See how you translated this in 1 Tim 4:14. Alternative translation: “the gift of God that you received when I prayed for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
the gift of God that is in you through the laying on of my hands
Paul speaks of **the gift** as an object inside of Timothy. If the words **that is in you** do not clearly communicate in your language that Timothy received the gift, you could translate it with a verb that expressing the idea of giving or receiving. Alternative translation: “the gift of God that you received when I laid my hands on you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
It is implied that this is a spiritual gift that enables Timothy to do the work of ministry that God has called him to do, and that Paul also prayed for Timothy as he laid his hands on him. If these things are not clear, you may want to include this information in your translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
37
2TI
1
7
u8vl
grammar-connect-logic-result
γὰρ
1
Here, **For** indicates that this verse provides another reason for Paul’s instruction in the previous verse that Timothy should use his spiritual gift. If it would be clearer in your language, you can replace **For** with this information here. Alternate translation: “Another reason why I want you to start using again the gift God that gave you is that…” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])Here, **for** indicates that this verse provides another reason for Paul’s instruction in the previous verse that Timothy should use his spiritual gift. If it would be clearer in your language, you can replace **for** with this information here. Alternate translation: “Another reason why I want you to start using again the gift God that gave you is that…” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
God did not give us a spirit of fear, but of power, and of love, and of discipline
This could mean one of two things. (1) **spirit** could refer to the Holy Spirit. Alternate translation: “God’s Holy Spirit does not cause us to be afraid. He causes us to have power and love and discipline” (2) **spirit** could refer to the character of a human being. Alternate translation: “God does not cause us to be afraid but to have power and love and discipline”
39
2TI
1
7
p011
figs-abstractnouns
δυνάμεως, καὶ ἀγάπης, καὶ σωφρονισμοῦ
1
of power, and of love, and of discipline
Paul uses abstract nouns to refer to three things that Timothy should be able to do. Your language may have a particular way of expressing these concepts, such as with verbs. If so, you can use them in your translation. Alternate translation: “one that makes us able to obey, to love, and to control ourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
40
2TI
1
7
k6g7
σωφρονισμοῦ
1
discipline
The word **discipline** could mean one of two things. (1) **discipline** could refer to self-control. Alternate translation: “of the ability to control ourselves” (2) **discipline** could refer to the power to correct or even to control others. Alternate translation: “of the ability to correct others”
264
2TI
3
15
w9l5
figs-personification
τὰ δυνάμενά σε σοφίσαι
1
which are able to make you wise
Paul speaks of the Scriptures as if they were a teacher who could instruct people and help them become wise. It may be convenient in your translation to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “By studying them you can become wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
265
2TI
3
15
p098
figs-abstractnouns
εἰς σωτηρίαν διὰ πίστεως τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ
1
for salvation through the faith that is in Christ Jesus
If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **salvation** with a verb such as “save.” Alternate translation: “so that you will know enough to trust Christ Jesus to save you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
266
2TI
3
16
s274
figs-metaphor
πᾶσα Γραφὴ θεόπνευστος καὶ
1
All Scripture is God-breathed
The term **God-breathed** uses the image of breathing to indicate that the Scriptures come directly from God through his Spirit. Characteristically in the Bible, the breath of God represents the Spirit of God. Alternate translation: “God produced all Scripture as his Spirit directed people what to write, and it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
267
2TI
3
16
hvr1
πᾶσα Γραφὴ
1
By **All Scripture**, Paul is referring to every part of Scripture, which, at that time, was what we know as the Old Testament. If it is confusing to refer to all of the books of the Old Testament with the singular word **Scripture**, you can change it to a plural word as in the UST and make the verbs plural. Alternate Translation: “All of the Holy Writings are”By **all Scripture**, Paul is referring to every part of Scripture, which, at that time, was what we know as the Old Testament. If it is confusing to refer to all of the books of the Old Testament with the singular word **Scripture**, you can change it to a plural word as in the UST and make the verbs plural. Alternate Translation: “All of the Holy Writings are”
268
2TI
3
16
uv35
ὠφέλιμος
1
is profitable
Paul refers to the Scripture as **profitable** to convey the idea that Timothy and all believers will benefit when they use the Scripture to teach, reprove, correct, and train. Alternate translation: “you will benefit from it as you use it” or “it benefits everyone when we use it”
269
2TI
3
16
vl2n
figs-abstractnouns
πρὸς ἐλεγμόν
1
for reproof
Paul instructs Timothy to use the Scriptures as the standard for knowing what is right and wrong and showing people that they are wrong. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **reproof** with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “for showing people that they are wrong” or “for helping us to know when we are wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
270
2TI
3
16
e5h9
figs-abstractnouns
πρὸς ἐπανόρθωσιν
1
for correction
Paul instructs Timothy to use the Scriptures as the standard for showing people how to make something right. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **correction** with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “for showing people how to make things right” or “for showing us how to fix errors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ TIT 1 4 wx6c κοινὴν πίστιν 1 our common faith Paul and Titus both
TIT 1 4 h93t figs-ellipsis χάρις καὶ εἰρήνη 1 Grace and peace This was a common greeting Paul used. You can state clearly the understood information. Alternate translation: “May you experience kindness and inner peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
TIT 1 4 s3yr Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν 1 Christ Jesus our Savior “Christ Jesus who is our Savior”
TIT 1 4 xy17 figs-exclusive ἡμῶν 1 our This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
TIT 1 5 ew8h grammar-connect-logic-goal τούτου χάριν 1 For this purpose The connecting phrase **For this purpose** introduces the goal that Paul wanted to accomplish when he left Titus in Crete (to ordain elders in the church). Alternate translation: “This is the reason” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
TIT 1 5 ew8h grammar-connect-logic-goal τούτου χάριν 1 For this purpose The connecting phrase **for this purpose** introduces the goal that Paul wanted to accomplish when he left Titus in Crete (to ordain elders in the church). Alternate translation: “This is the reason” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
TIT 1 5 lh9b ἀπέλιπόν σε ἐν Κρήτῃ 1 I left you in Crete “I told you to stay in Crete”
TIT 1 5 ga62 ἵνα τὰ λείποντα ἐπιδιορθώσῃ 1 that you might set in order things not yet complete “so that you would finish arranging things that needed to be done”
@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ TIT 1 7 lz7x τὸν ἐπίσκοπον 1 the overseer This is another name fo
TIT 1 7 g2zf figs-metaphor Θεοῦ οἰκονόμον 1 The household manager of God Paul speaks of the church as if it were God’s household, and the overseer as if he were a servant in charge of managing that household. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
TIT 1 7 d6l1 μὴ πάροινον 1 not addicted to wine “not an alcoholic” or “not one who drinks much wine”
TIT 1 7 j1qq μὴ πλήκτην 1 not a brawler “not one who is violent” or “not one who likes to fight”
TIT 1 8 i549 grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ 1 Instead The connecting word **Instead** introduces a contrast between the things an elder is not to be (that Paul already stated), and the things an elder is to be (which Paul is about to state). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
TIT 1 8 i549 grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ 1 Instead The connecting word **instead** introduces a contrast between the things an elder is not to be (that Paul already stated), and the things an elder is to be (which Paul is about to state). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
TIT 1 8 vkq1 φιλάγαθον 1 a friend of what is good “a person who loves to do good”
TIT 1 8 xy11 figs-doublet σώφρονα…ἐγκρατῆ 1 sensible…self-controlled These two terms are very similar in meaning and may be translated by one term if the target language does not have two similar terms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
TIT 1 8 xy12 figs-doublet δίκαιον, ὅσιον 1 righteous, holy These two terms are very similar in meaning and may be translated by one term if the target language does not have two similar terms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
TIT 1 12 h3jb figs-metaphor κακὰ θηρία 1 evil beasts This metaphor compares the Cretans to dangerous wild animals. Alternate translation: “as dangerous as wild animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
TIT 1 12 xyz1 figs-synecdoche γαστέρες ἀργαί 1 lazy bellies The part of the body that stores food is used to represent the person who eats all the time. Alternate translation: “lazy gluttons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
TIT 1 13 fif8 δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν ἔλεγχε αὐτοὺς ἀποτόμως 1 For this reason, rebuke them severely “For that reason, you must use strong language that the Cretans will understand when you correct them”
TIT 1 13 abck grammar-connect-logic-result δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν 1 For this reason The connecting words **For this reason** introduce a reason-result relationship. The reason is that what the Cretan prophet said about his people is true (they are liars, evil, and lazy), and the result is that Titus should rebuke them severely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
TIT 1 13 abck grammar-connect-logic-result δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν 1 For this reason The connecting words **for this reason** introduce a reason-result relationship. The reason is that what the Cretan prophet said about his people is true (they are liars, evil, and lazy), and the result is that Titus should rebuke them severely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
TIT 1 13 je3r ἵνα ὑγιαίνωσιν ἐν τῇ πίστει 1 so that they may be sound in the faith See note on **sound** in [Titus 1:9](../01/09/pzi1). Alternate translation: “so they will have a healthy faith” or “so their faith may be true” or “so that they believe only what is true about God”
TIT 1 13 abcl grammar-connect-logic-result ἵνα 1 so that The connecting words **so that** introduce a reason-result relationship. The reason is the elder rebukes the Cretans severely, and the result is the Cretans become sound in the faith. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
TIT 1 13 xyz2 figs-abstractnouns ἐν τῇ πίστει 1 in the faith Here the abstract noun **faith** represents the things that the people believe about God. Alternate translation: “in what they believe about God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ TIT 1 14 p28i Ἰουδαϊκοῖς μύθοις 1 Jewish myths This refers to
TIT 1 14 m4a5 figs-metaphor ἀποστρεφομένων τὴν ἀλήθειαν 1 turn away from the truth Paul speaks of the truth as if it were an object that one could turn away from or avoid. Alternate translation: “reject the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
TIT 1 15 qtb9 πάντα καθαρὰ τοῖς καθαροῖς 1 To those who are pure, all things are pure “If people are pure on the inside, everything that they do will be pure” or “When people have only good thoughts, nothing that they do will offend God”
TIT 1 15 nx42 τοῖς καθαροῖς 1 To those who are pure “To those who are acceptable to God”
TIT 1 15 abcn grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 But The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast between people who are pure and people who are corrupt and unbelieving. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
TIT 1 15 abcn grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 But The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast between people who are pure and people who are corrupt and unbelieving. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
TIT 1 15 n3wk figs-metaphor τοῖς…μεμιαμμένοις καὶ ἀπίστοις, οὐδὲν καθαρόν 1 to those who are corrupt and unbelieving, nothing is pure Paul speaks of sinners as if they were physically dirty. Alternate translation: “if people are morally defiled and do not believe, they cannot do anything pure” or “when people are full of sin and unbelief, nothing that they do is acceptable to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
TIT 1 16 abco grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 but The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast between what these corrupt people say (they know God) and what their actions show (they do not know God). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
TIT 1 16 i3l2 τοῖς…ἔργοις ἀρνοῦνται 1 they deny him by their actions “how they live proves that they do not know him”
1
Book
Chapter
Verse
ID
SupportReference
OrigQuote
Occurrence
GLQuote
OccurrenceNote
18
TIT
1
4
h93t
figs-ellipsis
χάρις καὶ εἰρήνη
1
Grace and peace
This was a common greeting Paul used. You can state clearly the understood information. Alternate translation: “May you experience kindness and inner peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
19
TIT
1
4
s3yr
Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν
1
Christ Jesus our Savior
“Christ Jesus who is our Savior”
20
TIT
1
4
xy17
figs-exclusive
ἡμῶν
1
our
This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
21
TIT
1
5
ew8h
grammar-connect-logic-goal
τούτου χάριν
1
For this purpose
The connecting phrase **For this purpose** introduces the goal that Paul wanted to accomplish when he left Titus in Crete (to ordain elders in the church). Alternate translation: “This is the reason” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])The connecting phrase **for this purpose** introduces the goal that Paul wanted to accomplish when he left Titus in Crete (to ordain elders in the church). Alternate translation: “This is the reason” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
22
TIT
1
5
lh9b
ἀπέλιπόν σε ἐν Κρήτῃ
1
I left you in Crete
“I told you to stay in Crete”
23
TIT
1
5
ga62
ἵνα τὰ λείποντα ἐπιδιορθώσῃ
1
that you might set in order things not yet complete
“so that you would finish arranging things that needed to be done”
24
TIT
1
5
b52u
καταστήσῃς…πρεσβυτέρους
1
ordain elders
“appoint elders” or “designate elders”
32
TIT
1
7
g2zf
figs-metaphor
Θεοῦ οἰκονόμον
1
The household manager of God
Paul speaks of the church as if it were God’s household, and the overseer as if he were a servant in charge of managing that household. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
33
TIT
1
7
d6l1
μὴ πάροινον
1
not addicted to wine
“not an alcoholic” or “not one who drinks much wine”
34
TIT
1
7
j1qq
μὴ πλήκτην
1
not a brawler
“not one who is violent” or “not one who likes to fight”
35
TIT
1
8
i549
grammar-connect-logic-contrast
ἀλλὰ
1
Instead
The connecting word **Instead** introduces a contrast between the things an elder is not to be (that Paul already stated), and the things an elder is to be (which Paul is about to state). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])The connecting word **instead** introduces a contrast between the things an elder is not to be (that Paul already stated), and the things an elder is to be (which Paul is about to state). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
36
TIT
1
8
vkq1
φιλάγαθον
1
a friend of what is good
“a person who loves to do good”
37
TIT
1
8
xy11
figs-doublet
σώφρονα…ἐγκρατῆ
1
sensible…self-controlled
These two terms are very similar in meaning and may be translated by one term if the target language does not have two similar terms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
38
TIT
1
8
xy12
figs-doublet
δίκαιον, ὅσιον
1
righteous, holy
These two terms are very similar in meaning and may be translated by one term if the target language does not have two similar terms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
54
TIT
1
12
h3jb
figs-metaphor
κακὰ θηρία
1
evil beasts
This metaphor compares the Cretans to dangerous wild animals. Alternate translation: “as dangerous as wild animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
55
TIT
1
12
xyz1
figs-synecdoche
γαστέρες ἀργαί
1
lazy bellies
The part of the body that stores food is used to represent the person who eats all the time. Alternate translation: “lazy gluttons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
56
TIT
1
13
fif8
δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν ἔλεγχε αὐτοὺς ἀποτόμως
1
For this reason, rebuke them severely
“For that reason, you must use strong language that the Cretans will understand when you correct them”
57
TIT
1
13
abck
grammar-connect-logic-result
δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν
1
For this reason
The connecting words **For this reason** introduce a reason-result relationship. The reason is that what the Cretan prophet said about his people is true (they are liars, evil, and lazy), and the result is that Titus should rebuke them severely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])The connecting words **for this reason** introduce a reason-result relationship. The reason is that what the Cretan prophet said about his people is true (they are liars, evil, and lazy), and the result is that Titus should rebuke them severely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
58
TIT
1
13
je3r
ἵνα ὑγιαίνωσιν ἐν τῇ πίστει
1
so that they may be sound in the faith
See note on **sound** in [Titus 1:9](../01/09/pzi1). Alternate translation: “so they will have a healthy faith” or “so their faith may be true” or “so that they believe only what is true about God”
59
TIT
1
13
abcl
grammar-connect-logic-result
ἵνα
1
so that
The connecting words **so that** introduce a reason-result relationship. The reason is the elder rebukes the Cretans severely, and the result is the Cretans become sound in the faith. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
60
TIT
1
13
xyz2
figs-abstractnouns
ἐν τῇ πίστει
1
in the faith
Here the abstract noun **faith** represents the things that the people believe about God. Alternate translation: “in what they believe about God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
63
TIT
1
14
m4a5
figs-metaphor
ἀποστρεφομένων τὴν ἀλήθειαν
1
turn away from the truth
Paul speaks of the truth as if it were an object that one could turn away from or avoid. Alternate translation: “reject the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
64
TIT
1
15
qtb9
πάντα καθαρὰ τοῖς καθαροῖς
1
To those who are pure, all things are pure
“If people are pure on the inside, everything that they do will be pure” or “When people have only good thoughts, nothing that they do will offend God”
65
TIT
1
15
nx42
τοῖς καθαροῖς
1
To those who are pure
“To those who are acceptable to God”
66
TIT
1
15
abcn
grammar-connect-logic-contrast
δὲ
1
But
The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast between people who are pure and people who are corrupt and unbelieving. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast between people who are pure and people who are corrupt and unbelieving. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
67
TIT
1
15
n3wk
figs-metaphor
τοῖς…μεμιαμμένοις καὶ ἀπίστοις, οὐδὲν καθαρόν
1
to those who are corrupt and unbelieving, nothing is pure
Paul speaks of sinners as if they were physically dirty. Alternate translation: “if people are morally defiled and do not believe, they cannot do anything pure” or “when people are full of sin and unbelief, nothing that they do is acceptable to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
68
TIT
1
16
abco
grammar-connect-logic-contrast
δὲ
1
but
The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast between what these corrupt people say (they know God) and what their actions show (they do not know God). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
1JN 4 17 j282 figs-explicit ἵνα παρρησίαν ἔχωμεν 1 so that we may have confidence If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say explicitly what believers will **have confidence** about. Alternate translation: “so that we will be confident that God has forgiven us and will accept us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1JN 4 17 j283 figs-abstractnouns ἵνα παρρησίαν ἔχωμεν 1 so that we may have confidence If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **confidence** with an adjective such as “confident.” Alternate translation: “so that we will be confident that God has forgiven us and will accept us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1JN 4 17 j284 figs-idiom ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῆς κρίσεως 1 in the day of judgment John is using the term **day** figuratively to refer a specific time. Alternate translation: “at the time when God judges us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1JN 4 17 j285 ὅτι 1 that As in [4:13](../04/13.md), your translation may be clearer if you do not translate the word **that** or if you translate it as “because” and leave out the expression **In this**.
1JN 4 17 j285 ὅτι 1 that As in [4:13](../04/13.md), your translation may be clearer if you do not translate the word **that** or if you translate it as “because” and leave out the expression **in this**.
1JN 4 17 l78r writing-pronouns ὅτι καθὼς ἐκεῖνός ἐστιν, καὶ ἡμεῖς ἐσμεν 1 as that one is, we also are The demonstrative pronoun **that one** refers to Jesus. Alternate translation: “we are becoming more and more like Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
1JN 4 17 j286 figs-metonymy ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ τούτῳ 1 in this world John uses the term **world** to mean various things in this letter, usually in a figurative sense. Here, however, it refers literally to the created world. Alternate translation: “as we live in this world” or “in our lives on this earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1JN 4 18 j287 grammar-connect-logic-result φόβος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν τῇ ἀγάπῃ, ἀλλ’ ἡ τελεία ἀγάπη ἔξω βάλλει τὸν φόβον, ὅτι ὁ φόβος κόλασιν ἔχει 1 Fear is not in love, but perfect love throws fear outside, because fear has punishment If it would be clearer in your language, you could put the third clause before the first clause, since the third clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “Because fear has punishment, fear is not in love, but perfect love throws fear outside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
1
Book
Chapter
Verse
ID
SupportReference
OrigQuote
Occurrence
GLQuote
OccurrenceNote
486
1JN
4
17
j282
figs-explicit
ἵνα παρρησίαν ἔχωμεν
1
so that we may have confidence
If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say explicitly what believers will **have confidence** about. Alternate translation: “so that we will be confident that God has forgiven us and will accept us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
487
1JN
4
17
j283
figs-abstractnouns
ἵνα παρρησίαν ἔχωμεν
1
so that we may have confidence
If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **confidence** with an adjective such as “confident.” Alternate translation: “so that we will be confident that God has forgiven us and will accept us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
488
1JN
4
17
j284
figs-idiom
ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῆς κρίσεως
1
in the day of judgment
John is using the term **day** figuratively to refer a specific time. Alternate translation: “at the time when God judges us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
489
1JN
4
17
j285
ὅτι
1
that
As in [4:13](../04/13.md), your translation may be clearer if you do not translate the word **that** or if you translate it as “because” and leave out the expression **In this**.As in [4:13](../04/13.md), your translation may be clearer if you do not translate the word **that** or if you translate it as “because” and leave out the expression **in this**.
490
1JN
4
17
l78r
writing-pronouns
ὅτι καθὼς ἐκεῖνός ἐστιν, καὶ ἡμεῖς ἐσμεν
1
as that one is, we also are
The demonstrative pronoun **that one** refers to Jesus. Alternate translation: “we are becoming more and more like Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
491
1JN
4
17
j286
figs-metonymy
ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ τούτῳ
1
in this world
John uses the term **world** to mean various things in this letter, usually in a figurative sense. Here, however, it refers literally to the created world. Alternate translation: “as we live in this world” or “in our lives on this earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
Fear is not in love, but perfect love throws fear outside, because fear has punishment
If it would be clearer in your language, you could put the third clause before the first clause, since the third clause gives the reason for the result that the first clause describes. Alternate translation: “Because fear has punishment, fear is not in love, but perfect love throws fear outside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2JN 1 5 vmm8 ἀρχῆς, ἵνα ἀγαπῶμεν ἀλλήλους 1 the beginning—that we should love one another If it would be clearer in your language, you could start a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “the beginning. He commanded that we should love one another”
2JN 1 6 nw4g figs-metaphor περιπατῶμεν κατὰ…ἐν…περιπατῆτε 1 we should walk according to…you should walk in In these instances the expression **walk** figuratively means to “obey.” Alternate translation: “we should obey … you should obey it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2JN 1 6 cl95 figs-you ἠκούσατε…περιπατῆτε 1 you heard…you should walk The term **you** is plural in this verse, because John is addressing a congregation of believers. This is the case throughout the rest of the letter, as well, except in verse 13, because there John returns to his metaphor of referring to a church as a woman and its members as her children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2JN 1 7 u749 grammar-connect-logic-result ὅτι 1 Here, **For** introduces the reason why John wrote about the commandment to love and obey God in the previous verses - it is because there are many who pretend to be believers but they do not love or obey God. Use a natural way to introduce this reason in your language. See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
2JN 1 7 u749 grammar-connect-logic-result ὅτι 1 Here, **for** introduces the reason why John wrote about the commandment to love and obey God in the previous verses - it is because there are many who pretend to be believers but they do not love or obey God. Use a natural way to introduce this reason in your language. See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
2JN 1 7 w25m figs-explicit ὅτι πολλοὶ πλάνοι ἐξῆλθαν εἰς τὸν κόσμον 1 For many deceivers have gone out into the world This seems to be an implicit reference to the false teachers whom John discusses in [verses 10–11](../01/10.md). Alternate translation: “For many deceivers are going around from place to place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2JN 1 7 x8yl figs-metonymy Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν ἐρχόμενον ἐν σαρκί 1 Jesus Christ coming in flesh The expression **coming in flesh** is a metonym for being a real, physical person and not a spiritual being only. Alternate translation: “that Jesus Christ came as a real human” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2JN 1 7 vqnb figs-explicit οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ πλάνος καὶ ὁ ἀντίχριστος 1 There are two possibilities for what the word **This** refers to. (1) John is referring to the activity of deceiving others or to the kind of teaching that these people are doing. Alternate translation: “This is the work of the deceiver, the antichrist” or “This kind of teaching comes from the one who is the deceiver and the antichrist” (2) John may be referring to any member of the group of deceivers. Alternate translation: “Any such person is the deceiver and the antichrist” If it would be helpful, you can make one of these meanings explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2JN 1 7 vqnb figs-explicit οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ πλάνος καὶ ὁ ἀντίχριστος 1 There are two possibilities for what the word **this** refers to. (1) John is referring to the activity of deceiving others or to the kind of teaching that these people are doing. Alternate translation: “This is the work of the deceiver, the antichrist” or “This kind of teaching comes from the one who is the deceiver and the antichrist” (2) John may be referring to any member of the group of deceivers. Alternate translation: “Any such person is the deceiver and the antichrist” If it would be helpful, you can make one of these meanings explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2JN 1 7 vfdn ὁ πλάνος καὶ ὁ ἀντίχριστος 1 In your translation, it may be helpful to clarify that **the deceiver** and **the antichrist** are one person, not two.
2JN 1 8 it9t figs-explicit βλέπετε ἑαυτούς 1 Watch yourselves The implication is that the believers are to **watch** themselves, that is, be careful, so that they are not deceived by the deceivers and antichrists. Alternate translation: “be careful not to let the deceivers and antichrists influence you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2JN 1 8 i8n6 figs-explicit ἃ 1 The word **what** is more fully defined in the next phrase as a **reward**. If it would be clearer in your language, you can say “reward” here, as well. See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1
Book
Chapter
Verse
ID
SupportReference
OrigQuote
Occurrence
GLQuote
OccurrenceNote
30
2JN
1
5
vmm8
ἀρχῆς, ἵνα ἀγαπῶμεν ἀλλήλους
1
the beginning—that we should love one another
If it would be clearer in your language, you could start a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “the beginning. He commanded that we should love one another”
31
2JN
1
6
nw4g
figs-metaphor
περιπατῶμεν κατὰ…ἐν…περιπατῆτε
1
we should walk according to…you should walk in
In these instances the expression **walk** figuratively means to “obey.” Alternate translation: “we should obey … you should obey it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
32
2JN
1
6
cl95
figs-you
ἠκούσατε…περιπατῆτε
1
you heard…you should walk
The term **you** is plural in this verse, because John is addressing a congregation of believers. This is the case throughout the rest of the letter, as well, except in verse 13, because there John returns to his metaphor of referring to a church as a woman and its members as her children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
33
2JN
1
7
u749
grammar-connect-logic-result
ὅτι
1
Here, **For** introduces the reason why John wrote about the commandment to love and obey God in the previous verses - it is because there are many who pretend to be believers but they do not love or obey God. Use a natural way to introduce this reason in your language. See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])Here, **for** introduces the reason why John wrote about the commandment to love and obey God in the previous verses - it is because there are many who pretend to be believers but they do not love or obey God. Use a natural way to introduce this reason in your language. See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
34
2JN
1
7
w25m
figs-explicit
ὅτι πολλοὶ πλάνοι ἐξῆλθαν εἰς τὸν κόσμον
1
For many deceivers have gone out into the world
This seems to be an implicit reference to the false teachers whom John discusses in [verses 10–11](../01/10.md). Alternate translation: “For many deceivers are going around from place to place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
35
2JN
1
7
x8yl
figs-metonymy
Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν ἐρχόμενον ἐν σαρκί
1
Jesus Christ coming in flesh
The expression **coming in flesh** is a metonym for being a real, physical person and not a spiritual being only. Alternate translation: “that Jesus Christ came as a real human” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
36
2JN
1
7
vqnb
figs-explicit
οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ πλάνος καὶ ὁ ἀντίχριστος
1
There are two possibilities for what the word **This** refers to. (1) John is referring to the activity of deceiving others or to the kind of teaching that these people are doing. Alternate translation: “This is the work of the deceiver, the antichrist” or “This kind of teaching comes from the one who is the deceiver and the antichrist” (2) John may be referring to any member of the group of deceivers. Alternate translation: “Any such person is the deceiver and the antichrist” If it would be helpful, you can make one of these meanings explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])There are two possibilities for what the word **this** refers to. (1) John is referring to the activity of deceiving others or to the kind of teaching that these people are doing. Alternate translation: “This is the work of the deceiver, the antichrist” or “This kind of teaching comes from the one who is the deceiver and the antichrist” (2) John may be referring to any member of the group of deceivers. Alternate translation: “Any such person is the deceiver and the antichrist” If it would be helpful, you can make one of these meanings explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
37
2JN
1
7
vfdn
ὁ πλάνος καὶ ὁ ἀντίχριστος
1
In your translation, it may be helpful to clarify that **the deceiver** and **the antichrist** are one person, not two.
38
2JN
1
8
it9t
figs-explicit
βλέπετε ἑαυτούς
1
Watch yourselves
The implication is that the believers are to **watch** themselves, that is, be careful, so that they are not deceived by the deceivers and antichrists. Alternate translation: “be careful not to let the deceivers and antichrists influence you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
39
2JN
1
8
i8n6
figs-explicit
ἃ
1
The word **what** is more fully defined in the next phrase as a **reward**. If it would be clearer in your language, you can say “reward” here, as well. See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
3JN 1 11 zan2 figs-metaphor οὐχ ἑώρακεν τὸν Θεόν 1 has not seen God “Seeing” here is a metaphor that stands for knowing or understanding. Alternate translation: “has not experienced God” or “has not believed in God” Also see the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3JN 1 12 pl7i figs-activepassive Δημητρίῳ μεμαρτύρηται ὑπὸ πάντων 1 Demetrius is borne witness to by all This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “all who know Demetrius bear witness of him” or “every believer who knows Demetrius speaks well of him” See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3JN 1 12 m22h translate-names Δημητρίῳ 1 Demetrius This is probably a man whom John wants Gaius and the congregation to welcome when he comes to visit. He may be the person delivering this letter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3JN 1 12 rad4 figs-personification ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας 1 by the truth itself “the truth itself speaks well of him” Here, **truth** is described as though it were a person speaking. **Truth** here refers to “the true message from God.” Alternate translation: “everyone who knows the truth knows that he is a good person” Also see the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3JN 1 12 rad4 figs-personification ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας 1 by the truth itself “the truth itself speaks well of him” Here, **truth** is described as though it were a person speaking. Here **truth** refers to “the true message from God.” Alternate translation: “everyone who knows the truth knows that he is a good person” Also see the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3JN 1 12 mftm figs-ellipsis καὶ ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας 1 and by the truth itself There are words left out of this clause but they are understood from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “and he is borne witness to by the truth itself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
3JN 1 12 s712 figs-explicit καὶ ἡμεῖς δὲ μαρτυροῦμεν 1 And we also bear witness What John is confirming is implied and can be made explicit here. Alternate translation: “and we also speak well of Demetrius” Also see the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3JN 1 12 a16a figs-exclusive ἡμεῖς 1 we Here, **we** refers to John and those with him and does not include Gaius. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1
Book
Chapter
Verse
ID
SupportReference
OrigQuote
Occurrence
GLQuote
OccurrenceNote
36
3JN
1
11
zan2
figs-metaphor
οὐχ ἑώρακεν τὸν Θεόν
1
has not seen God
“Seeing” here is a metaphor that stands for knowing or understanding. Alternate translation: “has not experienced God” or “has not believed in God” Also see the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
37
3JN
1
12
pl7i
figs-activepassive
Δημητρίῳ μεμαρτύρηται ὑπὸ πάντων
1
Demetrius is borne witness to by all
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “all who know Demetrius bear witness of him” or “every believer who knows Demetrius speaks well of him” See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
38
3JN
1
12
m22h
translate-names
Δημητρίῳ
1
Demetrius
This is probably a man whom John wants Gaius and the congregation to welcome when he comes to visit. He may be the person delivering this letter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
39
3JN
1
12
rad4
figs-personification
ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας
1
by the truth itself
“the truth itself speaks well of him” Here, **truth** is described as though it were a person speaking. **Truth** here refers to “the true message from God.” Alternate translation: “everyone who knows the truth knows that he is a good person” Also see the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])“the truth itself speaks well of him” Here, **truth** is described as though it were a person speaking. Here **truth** refers to “the true message from God.” Alternate translation: “everyone who knows the truth knows that he is a good person” Also see the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
40
3JN
1
12
mftm
figs-ellipsis
καὶ ὑπὸ αὐτῆς τῆς ἀληθείας
1
and by the truth itself
There are words left out of this clause but they are understood from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “and he is borne witness to by the truth itself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
41
3JN
1
12
s712
figs-explicit
καὶ ἡμεῖς δὲ μαρτυροῦμεν
1
And we also bear witness
What John is confirming is implied and can be made explicit here. Alternate translation: “and we also speak well of Demetrius” Also see the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
42
3JN
1
12
a16a
figs-exclusive
ἡμεῖς
1
we
Here, **we** refers to John and those with him and does not include Gaius. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
See in Reader
Larry Sallee