From 87aaf3856e237d8a59864b1f0dc563ade2b92677 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Larry Sallee Date: Tue, 21 Jul 2020 13:31:02 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Re-corrected format errors in Ephesians (#1421) --- en_tn_50-EPH.tsv | 41 ++++++++++++++++++++--------------------- 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-) diff --git a/en_tn_50-EPH.tsv b/en_tn_50-EPH.tsv index 4c585c9f9..6939671b2 100644 --- a/en_tn_50-EPH.tsv +++ b/en_tn_50-EPH.tsv @@ -1,6 +1,5 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote EPH front intro e3di 0 # Introduction to Ephesians

## Part 1: General Introduction

### Outline of Ephesians

1. Greeting and prayer for the spiritual blessings in Christ (1:1-23)
1. Sin and salvation (2:1-10)
1. Unity and peace (2:11-22)
1. Mystery of Christ in you, made known (3:1-13)
1. Prayer for riches of his glory to make them strong (3:14-21)
1. Unity of the Spirit, building up the Body of Christ (4:1-16)
1. New life (4:17-32)
1. Imitators of God (5:1-21)
1. Wives and husbands; children and parents; slaves and masters (5:22-6:9)
1. Armor of God (6:10-20)
1. Final greeting (6:21-24)

### Who wrote the Book of Ephesians?

Paul wrote Ephesians. Paul was from the city of Tarsus. He had been known as Saul in his early life. Before becoming a Christian, Paul was a Pharisee. He persecuted Christians. After he became a Christian, he traveled several times throughout the Roman Empire telling people about Jesus.

The Apostle Paul helped start the church in Ephesus on one of his trips. He also lived in Ephesus for a year and a half and helped the believers there. Paul probably wrote this letter while he was in prison in Rome.

### What is the Book of Ephesians about?

Paul wrote this letter to the Christians in Ephesus to explain God’s love for them in Christ Jesus. He described the blessings that God was giving them because they were now united with Christ. He explained that all believers are united together, whether Jew or Gentile. Paul also wanted to encourage them to live in a way that pleases God.

### How should the title of this book be translated?

Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, “Ephesians.” Or they may choose a clearer title, such as “Paul’s Letter to the Church in Ephesus” or “A Letter to the Christians in Ephesus.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts

### What was the “hidden truth” in the Book of Ephesians?

The expression translated in the ULT as “hidden truth” or “hidden” occurs six times. By it Paul always meant something that God had to reveal to human beings because they could not know it on their own. It always referred to something about how God planned to save mankind. Sometimes it was about his plan to cause peace between himself and mankind. Sometimes it was more specifically about his plan to save both Jews and Gentiles by uniting them through Christ. This hidden truth was that Gentiles are now able to benefit from the promises of Christ as equals with the Jews.

### What did Paul say about salvation and righteous living?

Paul said much about salvation and righteous living in this letter and in many of his letters. He said that God has been very kind and saved Christians because they believe in Jesus. Therefore, after they become Christians, they should live in a righteous way to show that they have faith in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])

## Part 3: Important Translation Issues

### Singular and plural “you”

In this book, the word “I” refers to Paul. The word “you” is almost always plural and refers to the believers who may read this letter. The three exceptions to this are: 5:14, 6:2, and 6:3. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

### What did Paul mean by the “new self” or the “new man”?

When Paul spoke of the “new self” or the “new man,” he meant the new nature that a believer receives from the Holy Spirit. This new nature was created in God’s image (See: 4:24). The phrase “new man” is also used for God causing peace between Jews and Gentiles. God brought them together as one people that belong to him (See: 2:15).

### How are the ideas of “holy” and “sanctify” represented in Ephesians in the ULT?

The scriptures use such words to indicate any one of various ideas. For this reason, it is often difficult for translators to represent them well in their versions. In translating into English, the ULT uses the following principles:

* Sometimes the meaning in a passage implies moral holiness. Especially important for understanding the gospel is the use of “holy” to express the fact that God views Christians as sinless because they are united to Jesus Christ. Another use of “holy” is to express the idea that God is perfect and faultless. A third use is to express the idea that Christians are to conduct themselves in a blameless, faultless manner in life. In these cases, the ULT uses “holy,” “holy God,” “holy ones,” or “saints.” (See: 1:1, 4)
* Sometimes the meaning in a passage indicates a simple reference to Christians without implying any particular role filled by them. In these cases, the ULT uses “saint” or “saints.”
* Sometimes the meaning in a passage implies the idea of someone or something set apart for God alone. In these cases, the ULT uses “set apart,” “dedicated to,” or “reserved for.” (See: 3:5)

The UST will often be helpful as translators think about how to represent these ideas in their own versions.

### What did Paul mean by the expression “in Christ,” “in the Lord,” etc.?

This kind of expression occurs in 1:1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 20; 2:6, 7, 10, 13, 15, 16, 18, 21, 22; 3:5, 6, 9, 11, 12, 21; 4:1, 17, 21, 32; 5:8, 18, 19; 6:1, 10, 18, 21. Paul meant to express the idea of a very close union between Christ and the believers. Please see the introduction to the Book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression.

### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Ephesians?

* “in Ephesus” (1:1). Some of the earliest manuscripts do not include this phrase. It is likely that Paul intended this letter to be read in many churches, including Ephesus and many other cities, as well. He may have originally left a blank space for the city name, to be filled in by those copying the letter and carrying it to different cities. But “Ephesus” is the only name found on manuscripts that have a city name. Therefore, the ULT, UST, and many modern versions include it.
* “because we are members of his body” (5:30). Most modern versions, including the ULT and UST, read in this way. Some older versions read, “because we are members of his body and of his bones.” Translators might decide to choose the second reading if other versions in their area have it that way. If translators choose the second reading, they should put the additional words inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that they are probably not original to the Book of Ephesians.

(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) - EPH 1 intro fg42 0 # Ephesians 01 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

### “I pray”

Paul structures part of this chapter like a prayer of praise to God. But Paul is not just talking to God. He is teaching the church in Ephesus. He also tells the Ephesians how he is praying for them.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Predestination
Many scholars believe this chapter teaches on a subject known as “predestination.” See the use of the word “predestine” in 1:5, 11. Some scholars take this to indicate that God has, from before the foundation of the world, chosen some people to eternally save. Christians have different views on what the Bible teaches on this subject, so translators need to take extra care when translating this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/predestine]]) EPH 1 1 kx1g figs-you 0 General Information: Paul names himself as the writer of this letter to the believers in the church at Ephesus (and elsewhere). Except where noted, all instances of “you” and “your” refer to the Ephesian believers as well as to all believers and so are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) EPH 1 1 ilf2 Παῦλος, ἀπόστολος Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ…τοῖς ἁγίοις τοῖς οὖσιν ἐν Ἐφέσῳ 1 Paul, an apostle…to the saints who are in Ephesus Your language may have a particular way of introducing the author of a letter and its intended audience. Alternate translation: “I, Paul, an apostle…write this letter to you, God’s holy people in Ephesus” @@ -31,8 +30,8 @@ EPH 1 9 v71p κατὰ τὴν εὐδοκίαν αὐτοῦ 1 according to hi EPH 1 9 c2uk ἣν προέθετο ἐν αὐτῷ 1 which he had planned in him “he demonstrated this purpose in Christ” EPH 1 9 u53h ἐν αὐτῷ 1 in him “by means of Christ” EPH 1 10 n2sl εἰς οἰκονομίαν 1 with a view to an administration A new sentence can be started here. Alternate translation: “He did this with a view to an administration” or “He did this, thinking about a stewardship” -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 1 10 em7q τοῦ πληρώματος τῶν καιρῶν 1 of the fullness of time “when the time is right” or “at the time that he has appointed” -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 1 10 ab7q ἐν αὐτῷ 1 in him “under his rule” or “under his authority” +EPH 1 10 em7q τοῦ πληρώματος τῶν καιρῶν 1 of the fullness of time “when the time is right” or “at the time that he has appointed” +EPH 1 10 ab7q ἐν αὐτῷ 1 in him “under his rule” or “under his authority” EPH 1 11 ww9s figs-exclusive ἐκληρώθημεν, προορισθέντες 1 we were also allotted as a possession. We were predestined The pronouns **we** and **We** are inclusive in this verse. Paul is referring to all Christians, who were predestined to belong to Christ. In verses 12 and 13 he will divide this group into “we” (exclusive) Jewish Christians and “you” Gentile Christians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) EPH 1 11 t281 figs-activepassive ἐκληρώθημεν 1 we were also allotted as a possession This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “God also chose us to be his possession” or (2) “God also chose us to be heirs.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EPH 1 11 nkf8 figs-activepassive προορισθέντες 1 We were predestined This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God chose us ahead of time” or “God chose us long ago” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -100,7 +99,7 @@ EPH 2 6 m6pq ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 in Christ Jesus **In Christ Jes EPH 2 7 abcp grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 so that The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a goal relationship. The goal or purpose of God raising up believers and seating them in heaven with Christ is to show the extent of his grace in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]]) EPH 2 7 y6cf ἐν τοῖς αἰῶσιν, τοῖς ἐπερχομένοις 1 in the ages that are coming “in the future” EPH 2 8 abcq grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 For The connecting word **For** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that the Ephesians had been saved by God, and not by their own good works. The result is that people would see the grace of God to us in Christ. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) -EPH 2 8 t9pc figs-activepassive τῇ γὰρ χάριτί ἐστε σεσῳσμένοι διὰ πίστεως 1 For by grace you have been saved through faith This can be stated actively. Alternate translation: “God saved you by grace because of your faith in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] +EPH 2 8 t9pc figs-activepassive τῇ γὰρ χάριτί ἐστε σεσῳσμένοι διὰ πίστεως 1 For by grace you have been saved through faith This can be stated actively. Alternate translation: “God saved you by grace because of your faith in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EPH 2 8 abpc figs-abstractnouns τῇ γὰρ χάριτί ἐστε σεσῳσμένοι 1 For by grace you have been saved **grace** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “God saved you as a free gift” or “God saved you because of his extreme kindness to you” See how you translated this phrase in [Ephesians 2:5](../02/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EPH 2 8 r8u8 τοῦτο 1 this The word **this** refers back to **by grace you have been saved by faith**. EPH 2 9 al4s οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων, ἵνα μή τις καυχήσηται 1 not from works, so that no one may boast You may want to start a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “Salvation does not come from works, so that no one may boast” or “God does not save a person because of what that person does, so no one can boast and say that he earned his salvation” @@ -109,7 +108,7 @@ EPH 2 10 abcs grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 For The connecting word **F EPH 2 10 fa4l ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 in Christ Jesus **In Christ Jesus** and similar expressions are metaphors that frequently occur in the New Testament letters. They express the strongest kind of relationship possible between Christ and those who believe in him. EPH 2 10 abd0 grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 so that The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a goal relationship. The goal or purpose of God creating us as he did is that we would do the good works that he intended for us to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]]) EPH 2 10 lws4 figs-metaphor ἐν αὐτοῖς περιπατήσωμεν 1 we would walk in them Walking on a path is a metaphor for how a person lives his life. Here **in them** refers to the **good works**. Alternate translation: “we would always and continually do those good deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EPH 2 11 abct grammar-connect-logic-result διὸ 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore* introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that they were saved by God, and not by anything they had done on their own. The result is that the Ephesians would remember that they were once separated from God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +EPH 2 11 abct grammar-connect-logic-result διὸ 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that they were saved by God, and not by anything they had done on their own. The result is that the Ephesians would remember that they were once separated from God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) EPH 2 11 diq1 0 Connecting Statement: Paul reminds these believers that God has now made Gentiles and Jews into one body through Christ and his cross. EPH 2 11 p7m2 figs-metaphor τὰ ἔθνη ἐν σαρκί 1 Gentiles in the flesh This refers to people who were not born Jewish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EPH 2 11 e76g figs-metonymy ἀκροβυστία 1 uncircumcision Non-Jewish people were not circumcised as babies and thus the Jews considered them people who do not follow any of God’s laws. Alternate translation: “uncircumcised pagans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -182,7 +181,7 @@ EPH 3 12 we6c ἔχομεν τὴν παρρησίαν 1 we have the boldness EPH 3 12 ab6c figs-hendiadys τὴν παρρησίαν καὶ προσαγωγὴν 1 the boldness and access These two words work together to express one idea: “bold access” or “boldness to enter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) EPH 3 12 zx5c figs-explicit προσαγωγὴν ἐν πεποιθήσει 1 access with confidence It may be helpful to state explicitly that this access is into God’s presence. Alternate translation: “access into God’s presence with confidence” or “freedom to enter into God’s presence with confidence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EPH 3 12 kri2 πεποιθήσει 1 confidence “certainty” or “assurance” -EPH 3 13 abd4 grammar-connect-logic-result διὸ 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore* introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that the believers have access to Christ with confidence. The result is that the believers will not be discouraged. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +EPH 3 13 abd4 grammar-connect-logic-result διὸ 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that the believers have access to Christ with confidence. The result is that the believers will not be discouraged. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) EPH 3 13 ciu6 figs-metonymy ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν, ἥτις ἐστὶν δόξα ὑμῶν 1 for you, which is your glory Here **your glory** is a metonym for the salvation and eternal life that the Ephesians will have because of Paul’s work to tell them about Christ, which has resulted in his suffering in prison. This can be stated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “for you. They bring you a wonderful benefit” or “for you. They result in your salvation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EPH 3 14 abd5 grammar-connect-logic-result τούτου χάριν 1 For this reason The connecting phrase **For this reason** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that Paul’s sufferings have caused glory for the believers. The result is that Paul prays to the Father. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) EPH 3 14 v3gd figs-explicit τούτου χάριν 1 For this reason You may need to make explicit what the reason is. Alternate translation: “Because God has done all this for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -213,7 +212,7 @@ EPH 3 20 zxt3 ποιῆσαι ὑπέρ ἐκ περισσοῦ ὧν αἰτο EPH 3 21 AB11 figs-abstractnouns αὐτῷ ἡ δόξα ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ 1 to him be glory in the church **glory** is an abstract noun. Alternate Translation: “May God’s people glorify him” or “May God’s people praise him for how great he is” See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EPH 4 intro ang8 0 # Ephesians 04 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verse 8, which is quoted from the Old Testament.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Spiritual gifts
Spiritual gifts are specific supernatural abilities that the Holy Spirit gives to Christians after they come to believe in Jesus. These spiritual gifts were foundational to developing the church. Paul lists here only some of the spiritual gifts. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])

### Unity
Paul considers it very important that the church is united. This is a major theme of this chapter.

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### Old man and new man
The term “old man” probably refers to the sinful nature with which a person is born. The “new man” is the new nature or new life that God gives a person after they come to believe in Christ. EPH 4 1 sb64 0 Connecting Statement: Because of what Paul has been writing to the Ephesians, he tells them how they should live their lives as believers and again emphasizes that believers are to agree with each other. -EPH 4 1 abda grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore* introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that God will be glorified in the church for all generations. The result is that believers should walk in a way that is worthy of the Lord. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +EPH 4 1 abda grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that God will be glorified in the church for all generations. The result is that believers should walk in a way that is worthy of the Lord. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) EPH 4 1 uss5 ὁ δέσμιος ἐν Κυρίῳ 1 the prisoner for the Lord “someone who is in prison because he serves the Lord” EPH 4 1 zxr1 figs-metaphor ἀξίως περιπατῆσαι τῆς κλήσεως 1 to walk worthily of the calling Walking is a common way to express the idea of living one’s life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EPH 4 1 abc5 τῆς κλήσεως ἧς ἐκλήθητε 1 of the calling by which you were called Here **the calling** refers to the fact that God chose them to be his people. Alternate translation: “because God chose you to be his people” @@ -228,7 +227,7 @@ EPH 4 7 pp9t 0 General Information: The quote here is from a song that King Da EPH 4 7 i4za 0 Connecting Statement: Paul reminds believers of the gifts that Christ gives believers to use in the church, which is the whole body of believers. EPH 4 7 u2bw figs-activepassive ἑνὶ…κάστῳ ἡμῶν ἐδόθη ἡ χάρις 1 to each one of us grace has been given This can be stated using an active form. Alternate translation: “God has given grace to each one of us” or “God gave a gift to each believer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EPH 4 7 abbw figs-abstractnouns ἑνὶ…κάστῳ ἡμῶν ἐδόθη ἡ χάρις 1 to each one of us grace has been given **grace** is an abstract noun that refers here to a gift from God. Alternate Translation: ““God has given a gift to each believer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -EPH 4 8 abdb grammar-connect-logic-result διὸ 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore* introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that every believer has been given a spiritual gift. The result is that the scripture says Jesus gave gifts to men. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +EPH 4 8 abdb grammar-connect-logic-result διὸ 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that every believer has been given a spiritual gift. The result is that the scripture says Jesus gave gifts to men. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) EPH 4 8 wj8t ἀναβὰς εἰς ὕψος 1 When he ascended to the heights “When Christ went up into heaven” EPH 4 9 e5at ἀνέβη 1 he ascended “Christ went up” EPH 4 9 zu81 καὶ κατέβη 1 he also descended “Christ also came down” @@ -260,7 +259,7 @@ EPH 4 16 ab7f grammar-connect-logic-goal εἰς οἰκοδομὴν ἑαυτ EPH 4 16 abff figs-abstractnouns ἐν ἀγάπῃ 1 in love **love** is an abstract noun. Alternate Translation: “as the members love one another” or “to be able to love each other more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EPH 4 16 l5r6 bita-hq διὰ πάσης ἁφῆς τῆς ἐπιχορηγίας 1 by every supporting ligament Paul continues the metaphor comparing the believers to a human body. A **ligament** is a strong band that connects bones or organs in place in the body. Just as the body is held together by strong ligaments, so the believers are held together by love that grows stronger as the body grows and works together. See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]]) EPH 4 17 n5cy 0 Connecting Statement: Paul tells them what they should no longer do now that they as believers are sealed by the Holy Spirit of God. -EPH 4 17 abde grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore* introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that Christ wants every believer to become spiritually mature and to serve the other believers. The result is that the Ephesian believers should no longer act as the Gentiles act. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +EPH 4 17 abde grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that Christ wants every believer to become spiritually mature and to serve the other believers. The result is that the Ephesian believers should no longer act as the Gentiles act. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) EPH 4 17 ksr8 τοῦτο οὖν λέγω καὶ μαρτύρομαι 1 Therefore, I say this and strongly urge you “Because of what I have just said, I will now say something more in order to strongly encourage you” EPH 4 17 abr8 ἐν Κυρίῳ 1 in the Lord This could mean either: 1) “with the authority of the Lord” or 2) “because we all belong to the Lord” EPH 4 17 wcx2 figs-metaphor μηκέτι ὑμᾶς περιπατεῖν, καθὼς καὶ τὰ ἔθνη περιπατεῖ ἐν ματαιότητι τοῦ νοὸς αὐτῶν 1 to walk no longer as the Gentiles also walk, in futility of their minds Paul commonly uses this metaphor that compares walking to living one’s life. Alternate Translation: “to stop living like the Gentiles with their worthless thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -270,8 +269,8 @@ EPH 4 18 w69u figs-activepassive ἀπηλλοτριωμένοι τῆς ζωῆ EPH 4 18 w235 ἀπηλλοτριωμένοι 1 alienated “cut off” or “separated” EPH 4 18 s1uz ἄγνοιαν 1 ignorance “lack of knowledge” or “lack of information” EPH 4 18 k8qv figs-metaphor διὰ τὴν πώρωσιν τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶν 1 because of the hardness of their hearts The phrase **hardness of their hearts** is a metaphor that means “stubbornness.” Alternate translation: “because they are stubborn” or “because they refuse to listen to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EPH 4 18 abdf grammar-connect-logic-result διὰ 1 because The connecting word **because* introduces a reason-result relationship. The first reason is that they are ignorant of him. The result is that the Gentiles are separated from God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. ((See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) -EPH 4 18 abdg grammar-connect-logic-result διὰ 2 because The connecting word **because* introduces a reason-result relationship. The second reason is that their hearts are hardened. The result is that Gentiles are separated from God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +EPH 4 18 abdf grammar-connect-logic-result διὰ 1 because The connecting word **because** introduces a reason-result relationship. The first reason is that they are ignorant of him. The result is that the Gentiles are separated from God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +EPH 4 18 abdg grammar-connect-logic-result διὰ 2 because The connecting word **because** introduces a reason-result relationship. The second reason is that their hearts are hardened. The result is that Gentiles are separated from God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) EPH 4 19 ldy8 figs-metaphor ἑαυτοὺς παρέδωκαν τῇ ἀσελγείᾳ 1 have handed themselves over to sensuality Paul speaks of these people as if they were objects that they themselves were giving to other people, and he speaks of the way that they want to satisfy their physical desires as if it were the person to whom they give themselves. Alternate translation: ‘have given in to every physical desire” or “only want to satisfy their physical desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EPH 4 20 e5vk ὑμεῖς δὲ οὐχ οὕτως ἐμάθετε τὸν Χριστόν 1 But you did not thus learn Christ The word **thus** refers to the way that the Gentiles live, as described in [Ephesians 4:17-19](./17.md). This emphasizes that what the believers learned from Christ was the opposite of that. Alternate translation: “But what you learned about the ways of Christ was not like that” EPH 4 20 abdh grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 But The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. The sinful way the Gentiles live is in contrast to the way that Paul taught the Ephesians to live according to the truth of Jesus. Use a connecting word in your language that marks a contrast here (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) @@ -285,10 +284,10 @@ EPH 4 22 qw3d figs-metaphor τὸν φθειρόμενον κατὰ τὰς ἐ EPH 4 23 jy7h figs-activepassive ἀνανεοῦσθαι…τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ νοὸς ὑμῶν 1 to be renewed in the spirit of your minds This may be translated with an active form. Alternate translation: “to allow God to change your attitudes and thoughts” or “to allow God to give you new attitudes and thoughts” See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) EPH 4 24 x41y figs-abstractnouns ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ καὶ ὁσιότητι τῆς ἀληθείας 1 in righteousness and holiness of the truth **righteousness**, **holiness**, and **truth** are abstract nouns. Alternate Translation: “truly righteous and holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EPH 4 24 abc7 figs-metaphor ἐνδύσασθαι τὸν καινὸν ἄνθρωπον 1 to put on the new man Paul continues to speak of a way of living as if it were a person, and also as if it were clothing, so that one could **put on** the new person like a robe. Alternate Translation: “be the new person” or “start living in the new way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EPH 4 25 abdi grammar-connect-logic-result διὸ 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore* introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that God has created the believers as new, holy people. The result is that they would stop acting immorally like they used to live. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +EPH 4 25 abdi grammar-connect-logic-result διὸ 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that God has created the believers as new, holy people. The result is that they would stop acting immorally like they used to live. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) EPH 4 25 abn8 ἀποθέμενοι τὸ ψεῦδος 1 putting aside lying Paul speaks of telling lies as if they were objects that the believers could set aside. Alternate translation: “no longer telling lies” or “instead of telling lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EPH 4 25 AB23 figs-abstractnouns λαλεῖτε ἀλήθειαν 1 speak truth **truth** is an abstract noun. Alternate Translation: “speak truthfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -EPH 4 25 abdj grammar-connect-logic-result ὅτι 1 because The connecting word **because* introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that believers are members of the same body of Christ. The result is that believers should speak the truth to each other. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +EPH 4 25 abdj grammar-connect-logic-result ὅτι 1 because The connecting word **because** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that believers are members of the same body of Christ. The result is that believers should speak the truth to each other. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) EPH 4 25 zh2g bita-hq ἐσμὲν ἀλλήλων μέλη 1 we are members of one another Here Paul speaks of the close union of believers with each other as if they were each part of one single body. Alternate translation: “we belong to one another” or “we are all members of God’s family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]]) EPH 4 26 w8rw ὀργίζεσθε, καὶ μὴ ἁμαρτάνετε 1 Be angry and do not sin “You may get angry, but do not sin” or “If you become angry, do not sin” EPH 4 26 ki7p figs-metonymy ὁ ἥλιος μὴ ἐπιδυέτω ἐπὶ παροργισμῷ ὑμῶν 1 Do not let the sun go down on your indignation The sun going down represents nightfall, or the end of the day. Alternate translation: “You must stop being angry before night comes” or “Let go of your anger before the day ends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -321,14 +320,14 @@ EPH 5 3 le5f figs-activepassive πορνεία δὲ, καὶ ἀκαθαρσί EPH 5 3 abdq grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 But The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. The fragrant offering and sacrifice to God is in contrast to sinful acts and thoughts that are not fitting for saints. Use a connecting word that indicates a contrast in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) EPH 5 3 xat9 ἀκαθαρσία πᾶσα 1 every impurity “any moral uncleanness” EPH 5 4 utm5 ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον εὐχαριστία 1 but instead thanksgiving **thanksgiving** is a verbal noun, and can be translated with a verb: “Instead of those things, you should thank God” -EPH 5 4 abdr grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον 1 but instead The connecting phrase **but instead” introduces a contrast relationship. Sinful acts and thoughts is in contrast to thanksgiving to God. Use a connecting word that indicates a contrast in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +EPH 5 4 abdr grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον 1 but instead The connecting phrase **but instead** introduces a contrast relationship. Sinful acts and thoughts is in contrast to thanksgiving to God. Use a connecting word that indicates a contrast in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) EPH 5 5 abc6 figs-metaphor ἀκάθαρτος 1 unclean Here being unclean (dirty) is a metaphor for being sinful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EPH 5 5 vb16 figs-metaphor οὐκ ἔχει κληρονομίαν 1 has no inheritance Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. Alternate Translation: “will receive nothing” or “has no part” See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EPH 5 6 px7p κενοῖς λόγοις 1 empty words “words that have no truth in them” or “words that are not true” EPH 5 6 abds grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 for The connecting word **for** introduces a reason-result relationship. The result is stated first: that the Ephesian believers should not let anyone deceive them with empty words. Then the reason is stated: that the wrath of God will judge those things. Use a phrase that connects a reason to a result, and put them in the order that is most natural in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) EPH 5 6 ab16 figs-abstractnouns ἔρχεται ἡ ὀργὴ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐπὶ 1 the wrath of God is coming upon **wrath** is an abstract noun. Alternate Translation: “God will certainly punish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EPH 5 6 ab73 figs-idiom τοὺς υἱοὺς τῆς ἀπειθείας 1 the sons of disobedience This is an idiom that means, “people who habitually disobey” or “people who are characterized by disobedience” Alternate Translation: “those who disobey God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -EPH 5 7 abdt grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore* introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that God will judge those people in his wrath. The result is that the Ephesian believers should not become partners with evil men. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +EPH 5 7 abdt grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that God will judge those people in his wrath. The result is that the Ephesian believers should not become partners with evil men. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) EPH 5 8 wy9d figs-metaphor ἦτε γάρ ποτε σκότος 1 because formerly you were darkness Just as one cannot see in the dark, so people who love to sin cannot see or understand the things of God. Alternate Translation: “because formerly you did not understand anything about God” See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EPH 5 8 abdw grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 because The connecting word **because** introduces a reason-result relationship. The result is stated first (v.7): that the Ephesian believers should not become partners with evil men. The reason is stated second (v. 8): that the Ephesian believers are no longer darkness, but are now light. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result, in the order that is most natural for your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) EPH 5 8 iw4q figs-metaphor νῦν δὲ φῶς ἐν Κυρίῳ 1 but now are light in the Lord Just as one can see in the light, so people whom God has saved understand how to please God. Alternate Translation: “but now you know God and can live for him” See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -340,7 +339,7 @@ EPH 5 9 abdv grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 for The connecting word **fo EPH 5 11 zdu1 figs-metaphor μὴ συνκοινωνεῖτε τοῖς ἔργοις τοῖς ἀκάρποις τοῦ σκότους 1 Do not take part in the unfruitful works of darkness Paul speaks of the useless, sinful things that unbelievers do as if they are evil deeds that people do in the dark so no one will see them. Alternate translation: “Do not do useless, sinful things with unbelievers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EPH 5 11 v4d1 figs-metaphor ἔργοις τοῖς ἀκάρποις 1 unfruitful works Here Paul is comparing evil actions to an unhealthy tree that produces nothing good. Alternate Translation: “actions that do nothing good, useful, or profitable” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EPH 5 11 abc8 figs-metaphor τοῖς ἔργοις τοῖς ἀκάρποις τοῦ σκότους 1 the unfruitful works of darkness The word **darkness** is often used to represent sin. In this instance, these works result from sinful motives. Alternate translation: “deeds that are worthless because they were done from sinful motives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EPH 5 11 abdx grammar-connect-logic-contrast μᾶλλον δὲ 1 but rather The connecting phrase **but rather” introduces contrast relationship. Participating in the works of darkness is in contrast to exposing them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) +EPH 5 11 abdx grammar-connect-logic-contrast μᾶλλον δὲ 1 but rather The connecting phrase **but rather** introduces contrast relationship. Participating in the works of darkness is in contrast to exposing them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) EPH 5 11 hpl2 figs-metaphor ἐλέγχετε 1 expose them Speaking against the works of darkness is spoken of as bringing them out into the light so that people can see them. Alternate translation: “bring them out into the light” or “uncover them” or “show and tell people how wrong these actions are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EPH 5 12 CD23writing-pronouns αὐτῶν 1 them **them** here refers to the **sons of disobedience** mentioned in 5:6 and also referred to as **them** in 5:7. If it is unclear who **them** refers to in either place, then use “those who disobey God” or a similar phrase. EPH 5 13 sp1z 0 General Information: It is unknown if this quotation is a combination of quotations from the prophet Isaiah or a quotation from a hymn sung by the believers. @@ -353,13 +352,13 @@ EPH 5 14 e873 figs-metaphor ἐκ τῶν νεκρῶν 1 from the dead “from EPH 5 14 ma8w figs-you ἐπιφαύσει σοι 1 shine on you Here **you** refers to the **sleeper** and is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) EPH 5 14 ym6b figs-metaphor ἐπιφαύσει σοι ὁ Χριστός 1 Christ will shine on you Christ will enable an unbeliever to understand how evil his deeds are and how Christ will forgive him and give him new life, just as light shows what actually is there that the darkness had hid. This aso applies to anything that a believer has not yet recognized as sinful. Alternate Translation: “Christ will show you what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EPH 5 15 du5n βλέπετε…ἀκριβῶς πῶς περιπατεῖτε, μὴ ὡς ἄσοφοι, ἀλλ’ ὡς σοφοί 1 Watch carefully, therefore, how you walk—not as unwise but as wise Unwise people do not guard themselves against sin. Wise people, however, can identify sin and flee from it. Alternate translation: “Therefore you must be careful to live as a wise person rather than a foolish person” -EPH 5 15 abe0 grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 therefore The connecting word **therefore* introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that Christ has shown the light on him. The result is that the sinner will walk carefully in the light. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +EPH 5 15 abe0 grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 therefore The connecting word **therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that Christ has shown the light on him. The result is that the sinner will walk carefully in the light. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) EPH 5 15 abe1 grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 but The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. Being unwise is in contrast to being wise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) EPH 5 15 abe2 figs-ellipsis ὡς σοφοί 1 as wise The verb “walk” is left out. It can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “walk as wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) EPH 5 16 h8b1 figs-metaphor ἐξαγοραζόμενοι τὸν καιρόν 1 redeeming the time Using time wisely is spoken of as if it were redeeming the time. Alternate translation: “doing the best things you can with your time” or “using time wisely” or “putting time to its best use” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EPH 5 16 lrb6 figs-metonymy ὅτι αἱ ἡμέραι πονηραί εἰσιν 1 because the days are evil The word **days** is a metonym for what people do during those days. Alternate translation: “because the people around you are constantly doing all kinds of evil things and the opportunities that you have to do good may become few” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) EPH 5 16 abe3 grammar-connect-logic-result ὅτι 1 because The connecting word **because** introduces the reason of a reason-result relationship. The reason is that the days are evil. The result is that the believers must redeem the time. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) -EPH 5 17 abe4 grammar-connect-logic-result διὰ τοῦτο 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore* introduces the result of a reason-result relationship. The reason is that the days are evil. The result is that the believers will not be foolish, but understand God’s will. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +EPH 5 17 abe4 grammar-connect-logic-result διὰ τοῦτο 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces the result of a reason-result relationship. The reason is that the days are evil. The result is that the believers will not be foolish, but understand God’s will. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) EPH 5 17 abe5 grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ 1 but The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. Being foolish is in contrast to understanding God’s will. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) EPH 5 18 tz9e 0 Connecting Statement: Paul ends his instructions on how all believers should live. EPH 5 18 scp1 καὶ μὴ μεθύσκεσθε οἴνῳ 1 And do not get drunk with wine “You should not get drunk from drinking wine” @@ -402,7 +401,7 @@ EPH 6 intro r7c3 0 # Ephesians 06 General Notes
## Special concepts in thi EPH 6 1 wq46 figs-you 0 General Information: The command in verse one is plural. Then in verses two and three Paul quotes from the law of Moses. Moses was talking to the people of Israel as though they were one person, so **your** and **you** are singular there. If that does not make sense, you may need to translate them as plurals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) EPH 6 1 jf17 0 Connecting Statement: Paul continues to explain how Christians are to submit themselves to each other. He gives instructions to children, fathers, workers, and masters. EPH 6 1 ev8m ἐν Κυρίῳ 1 in the Lord “because you belong to the Lord” or “as followers of the Lord” -EPH 6 1 abeg grammar-connect-logic-result γάρ 1 for The connecting word *for** introduces the reason of a reason-result relationship. The reason is that children should do what is right. The result is that children should obey their parents. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +EPH 6 1 abeg grammar-connect-logic-result γάρ 1 for The connecting word **for** introduces the reason of a reason-result relationship. The reason is that children should do what is right. The result is that children should obey their parents. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) EPH 6 3 abeh grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 so that The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a goal relationship. The goal or purpose of obeying your father and mother is to live well and long on the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]]) EPH 6 4 bb7g μὴ παροργίζετε τὰ τέκνα ὑμῶν 1 do not provoke your children to anger “do not make your children angry” or “do not cause your children to be angry” EPH 6 4 abei grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ 1 Instead The connecting word **Instead** introduces a contrast relationship. Fathers provoking their children to anger is in contrast to raising their children in discipline and instruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) @@ -428,12 +427,12 @@ EPH 6 12 abel grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ 1 but The connecting wor EPH 6 12 ftu4 figs-explicit πρὸς τοὺς κοσμοκράτορας 1 against the world-controllers Here it is implied that **the world-controllers** refers to powerful spiritual beings. Alternate translation: “against the powerful spiritual beings that rule over people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EPH 6 12 abcn figs-explicit τοῦ σκότους τούτου 1 this darkness Here **darkness** is a metaphor for things that are evil. Alternate translation: “during this present evil time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EPH 6 13 jrn9 figs-metaphor διὰ τοῦτο, ἀναλάβετε τὴν πανοπλίαν τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Therefore, put on the whole armor of God Christians should use the protective resources God gives them in fighting the devil in the same way that a soldier puts on armor to protect himself against his enemies. See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EPH 6 13 abem grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore* introduces the result of a reason-result relationship. The reason is that we are in a battle against evil spiritual forces. The result is that we should put on the whole armor of God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +EPH 6 13 abem grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces the result of a reason-result relationship. The reason is that we are in a battle against evil spiritual forces. The result is that we should put on the whole armor of God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) EPH 6 13 cy9h figs-metaphor ἵνα δυνηθῆτε ἀντιστῆναι ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ πονηρᾷ 1 so that you may be able to withstand in the evil day The word **withstand** means to successfully resist something. Alternate translation: “so that you may be able to resist when evil attacks you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EPH 6 13 ab9h figs-explicit ἵνα δυνηθῆτε ἀντιστῆναι 1 so that you may be able to withstand It may be helpful to state explicitly what beleivers are to withstand. Alternate translation: “so that you may be able to withstand the attacks of the devil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) EPH 6 13 aben grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 so that The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a goal relationship. The goal or purpose of putting on the whole armor of God is to be able to withstand the attacks of the spiritual forces of darkness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]]) EPH 6 14 r5m7 figs-metaphor στῆτε οὖν 1 Stand, therefore Here the word **stand** represents taking a position on what is right and true and successfully resisting forces that try to make the believer compromise that position. See how you translated **stand firm** in [Ephesians 6:13](../06/13.md). “So resist evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EPH 6 14 aben grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 therefore The connecting word **therefore* introduces the result of a reason-result relationship. The reason is that we believers have put on our spiritual armor. The result is that we will stand and resist the evil spiritual forces. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) +EPH 6 14 aben grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 therefore The connecting word **therefore** introduces the result of a reason-result relationship. The reason is that we believers have put on our spiritual armor. The result is that we will stand and resist the evil spiritual forces. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) EPH 6 14 lbd4 figs-metaphor περιζωσάμενοι τὴν ὀσφὺν ὑμῶν ἐν ἀληθείᾳ 1 having fastened up your robe around your waist with the truth In this metaphor, truth is compared to a soldier’s belt. Truth holds everything together for a believer just as a belt holds the clothing of a soldier together. See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EPH 6 14 abd4 figs-abstractnouns ἀληθείᾳ 1 truth **truth** is an abstract noun. Alternate Translation: “what is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) EPH 6 14 abca figs-metaphor ἐνδυσάμενοι τὸν θώρακα τῆς δικαιοσύνης 1 having put on the breastplate of righteousness In this metaphor, righteousness is compared to a soldier’s breastplate. Just as soldiers put on a breastplate to protect themselves from enemy attacks, believers should behave in a righteous way to protect themselves from spiritual attacks. See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])