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added bold to 2 Peter (#1888) 

added bold to 2 Peter

Co-authored-by: Larry Sallee <larry.sallee@unfoldingword.org>
Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/1888
Co-Authored-By: Larry Sallee <lrsallee@noreply.door43.org>
Co-Committed-By: Larry Sallee <lrsallee@noreply.door43.org>
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Larry Sallee 2021-06-28 14:53:49 +00:00
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@ -5,14 +5,14 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2PE 1 1 v381 δοῦλος καὶ ἀπόστολος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 slave and apostle of Jesus Christ Peter speaks of being Jesus Christ’s servant. He also was given the position and authority of being Christ’s apostle.
2PE 1 1 yy7j figs-explicit τοῖς ἰσότιμον…λαχοῦσιν πίστιν 1 to those who have received the same precious faith That these people have received faith implies that God has given that faith to them. Alternate translation: “to those to whom God has given the same precious faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2PE 1 1 mbg7 τοῖς…λαχοῦσιν 1 to those who have received “to you who have received.” Peter addresses all believers who may read this letter.
2PE 1 1 y157 figs-exclusive ἡμῖν 1 we have received Here the word “we” refers to Peter and the other apostles, but not to those to whom he is writing. Alternate translation: “we apostles have received” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2PE 1 1 y157 figs-exclusive ἡμῖν 1 we have received Here the word **we** refers to Peter and the other apostles, but not to those to whom he is writing. Alternate translation: “we apostles have received” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2PE 1 2 y7l9 figs-explicit χάρις…καὶ εἰρήνη πληθυνθείη 1 May grace and peace increase in measure God is the one who will give grace and peace to believers. Alternate translation: “May God increase your grace and your peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2PE 1 2 n59n figs-metaphor χάρις…καὶ εἰρήνη πληθυνθείη 1 May grace and peace increase Peter speaks of peace as if it were an object that could increase in size or numbers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE 1 2 vq19 figs-abstractnouns ἐν ἐπιγνώσει τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν 1 in the knowledge of God and of Jesus our Lord You can translate “knowledge” using a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “through your knowing God and Jesus our Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2PE 1 3 ywj9 0 General Information: Peter begins to teach the believers about living godly lives.
2PE 1 3 epx9 figs-hendiadys πρὸς ζωὴν καὶ εὐσέβειαν 1 for life and godliness Here “godliness” describes the word “life.” Alternate translation: “for a godly life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
2PE 1 3 an3z figs-exclusive τοῦ καλέσαντος ἡμᾶς 1 who called us Here the word “us” refers to Peter and his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2PE 1 4 m91m δι’ ὧν 1 Through these Here “these” refers to “his own glory and virtue.”
2PE 1 3 epx9 figs-hendiadys πρὸς ζωὴν καὶ εὐσέβειαν 1 for life and godliness Here **godliness** describes the word “life.” Alternate translation: “for a godly life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
2PE 1 3 an3z figs-exclusive τοῦ καλέσαντος ἡμᾶς 1 who called us Here the word **us** refers to Peter and his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2PE 1 4 m91m δι’ ὧν 1 Through these Here **these** refers to “his own glory and virtue.”
2PE 1 4 f42f γένησθε…κοινωνοὶ 1 you might be sharers “you might share”
2PE 1 4 yk7g θείας…φύσεως 1 the divine nature what God is like
2PE 1 4 p2yj figs-metaphor ἀποφυγόντες τῆς ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ἐν ἐπιθυμίᾳ φθορᾶς 1 having escaped the corruption in the world that is caused by evil desires Peter speaks of people not suffering from the corruption that wicked desires cause as if they were escaping from that corruption. The word “corruption” is an abstract noun that can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “and so that the wicked desires in this world will no longer corrupt you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -26,21 +26,21 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2PE 1 9 h6fn figs-metaphor τυφλός ἐστιν μυωπάζων 1 is so nearsighted that he is blind Peter speaks of a person who does not possess these qualities as if he were a nearsighted or blind person because he does not understand their value. Alternate translation: “is like a shortsighted person who cannot see their importance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE 1 9 gq4d figs-abstractnouns τοῦ καθαρισμοῦ τῶν πάλαι αὐτοῦ ἁμαρτιῶν 1 he has been cleansed from his past sins You can use a verb to translate this. Alternate translation: “that God has cleansed him from his old sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2PE 1 10 raa1 figs-doublet βεβαίαν ὑμῶν τὴν κλῆσιν καὶ ἐκλογὴν ποιεῖσθαι 1 make your calling and election sure The words “calling” and “election” share similar meanings and refer to God’s choosing them to belong to him. Alternate translation: “make sure that God has really chosen you to belong to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2PE 1 10 jcv9 figs-metaphor οὐ μὴ πταίσητέ 1 you will not stumble Here the word “stumble” refers either to (1) committing sin. Alternate translation: “you will not practice sinful behavior” or (2) becoming unfaithful to Christ. Alternate translation: “you will not become unfaithful to Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE 1 10 jcv9 figs-metaphor οὐ μὴ πταίσητέ 1 you will not stumble Here the word **stumble** refers either to (1) committing sin. Alternate translation: “you will not practice sinful behavior” or (2) becoming unfaithful to Christ. Alternate translation: “you will not become unfaithful to Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE 1 11 f45v figs-activepassive πλουσίως ἐπιχορηγηθήσεται ὑμῖν ἡ εἴσοδος εἰς τὴν αἰώνιον βασιλείαν 1 there will be richly provided for you an entrance into the eternal kingdom This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will richly provide for you an entrance into the eternal kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE 1 11 k1e4 ἡ εἴσοδος 1 an entrance the opportunity to enter
2PE 1 12 du69 0 Connecting Statement: Peter tells the believers about his obligation to continue reminding them and teaching them.
2PE 1 12 l2kh ἐστηριγμένους ἐν τῇ…ἀληθείᾳ 1 you are strong in the truth “you strongly believe the truth of these things”
2PE 1 13 vmj2 figs-metaphor διεγείρειν ὑμᾶς ἐν ὑπομνήσει 1 to stir you up by way of reminder Here the word “stir” means to awaken someone from sleep. Peter speaks of causing his readers to think about these things as if he were waking them from sleep. Alternate translation: “to remind you of these things so that you will think about them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE 1 13 vmj2 figs-metaphor διεγείρειν ὑμᾶς ἐν ὑπομνήσει 1 to stir you up by way of reminder Here the word **stir** means to awaken someone from sleep. Peter speaks of causing his readers to think about these things as if he were waking them from sleep. Alternate translation: “to remind you of these things so that you will think about them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE 1 13 ax2a figs-metaphor ἐφ’ ὅσον εἰμὶ ἐν τούτῳ τῷ σκηνώματι 1 as long as I am in this tent Peter speaks of his body as if it were a tent that he is wearing and will take off. Being in his body represents being alive, and taking it off represents dying. Alternate translation: “as long as I am in this body” or “as long as I am alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2PE 1 14 j8f5 figs-metaphor ταχινή ἐστιν ἡ ἀπόθεσις τοῦ σκηνώματός μου 1 the putting off of my tent will be soon Peter speaks of his body as if it were a tent that he is wearing and will take off. Being in his body represents being alive, and taking it off represents dying. Alternate translation: “I will soon take off this body” or “I will die soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2PE 1 15 c2iw ἑκάστοτε, ἔχειν ὑμᾶς…τὴν τούτων μνήμην ποιεῖσθαι 1 you may be always able to remember these things Here the words “these things” refers to everything that Peter has said in the previous verses.
2PE 1 15 c2iw ἑκάστοτε, ἔχειν ὑμᾶς…τὴν τούτων μνήμην ποιεῖσθαι 1 you may be always able to remember these things Here the words **these things** refers to everything that Peter has said in the previous verses.
2PE 1 15 alg8 figs-metaphor μετὰ τὴν ἐμὴν ἔξοδον 1 after my departure Peter speaks of his death as if he were leaving one place to go to another. Alternate translation: “after my death” or “after I die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2PE 1 16 k3rm 0 Connecting Statement: Peter continues to explain his teachings to the believers and explains why they are trustworthy.
2PE 1 16 vc99 figs-exclusive οὐ γὰρ σεσοφισμένοις μύθοις ἐξακολουθήσαντες 1 For we did not follow cleverly invented myths Here the word “we” refers to Peter and the other apostles, but not to his readers. Alternate translation: “For we apostles did not follow cleverly made-up stories” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2PE 1 16 vc99 figs-exclusive οὐ γὰρ σεσοφισμένοις μύθοις ἐξακολουθήσαντες 1 For we did not follow cleverly invented myths Here the word **we** refers to Peter and the other apostles, but not to his readers. Alternate translation: “For we apostles did not follow cleverly made-up stories” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2PE 1 16 jwy8 figs-hendiadys τὴν…δύναμιν καὶ παρουσίαν 1 the power and the coming These two phrases may refer to the same thing and be translated as a single phrase. Alternate translation: “the powerful coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
2PE 1 16 zs6v τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ…παρουσίαν 1 the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ Possible meanings are (1) the future second coming of the Lord Jesus or (2) the first coming of the Lord Jesus.
2PE 1 16 v4kd figs-exclusive τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 our Lord Jesus Christ Here the word “our” refers to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2PE 1 16 v4kd figs-exclusive τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 our Lord Jesus Christ Here the word **our** refers to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2PE 1 17 m33h figs-activepassive φωνῆς ἐνεχθείσης αὐτῷ…ὑπὸ τῆς Μεγαλοπρεποῦς Δόξης 1 when a voice was brought to him by the Majestic Glory This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when he heard a voice come from the Majestic Glory” or “when he heard the voice of the Majestic Glory speak to him” or “when the Majestic Glory spoke to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE 1 17 yd8g figs-metonymy τῆς Μεγαλοπρεποῦς Δόξης 1 the Majestic Glory saying Peter refers to God in terms of his glory. This is a euphemism that avoids using God’s name, out of reverence for him. Alternate translation: “God, the Supreme Glory, saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2PE 1 18 ezn2 figs-exclusive ταύτην τὴν φωνὴν ἡμεῖς ἠκούσαμεν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, ἐνεχθεῖσαν 1 We ourselves heard this voice brought from heaven With the word “We,” Peter is referring to himself and to the disciples James and John, who heard the voice of God. Alternate translation: “We ourselves heard this voice that came from heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
@ -48,11 +48,11 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2PE 1 18 mlm9 σὺν αὐτῷ, ὄντες 1 we were with him “we were with Jesus”
2PE 1 19 km3l 0 General Information: Peter begins to warn the believers about false teachers.
2PE 1 19 h498 figs-explicit καὶ ἔχομεν βεβαιότερον τὸν προφητικὸν λόγον 1 For we have this prophetic word made more sure The things that Peter and the other apostles saw, which he described in the previous verses, confirm what the prophets spoke. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For the things that we saw make this prophetic message more sure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE 1 19 z3na figs-exclusive καὶ ἔχομεν 1 For we have Here the word “we” refers to all believers, including Peter and his readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2PE 1 19 z3na figs-exclusive καὶ ἔχομεν 1 For we have Here the word **we** refers to all believers, including Peter and his readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2PE 1 19 l7zq figs-explicit βεβαιότερον τὸν προφητικὸν λόγον 1 this prophetic word made This refers to the Old Testament. Alternate translation: “the scriptures, which the prophets spoke, made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2PE 1 19 sjd3 ᾧ καλῶς ποιεῖτε προσέχοντες 1 you do well to pay attention to it Peter instructs the believers to pay close attention to the prophetic message.
2PE 1 19 xt8i figs-simile ὡς λύχνῳ φαίνοντι ἐν αὐχμηρῷ τόπῳ, ἕως οὗ ἡμέρα διαυγάσῃ 1 as to a lamp shining in a dark place, until the day dawns Peter compares the prophetic word to a lamp that gives light in the dark until light comes in the morning. The coming of morning is a reference to Christ’s coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2PE 1 19 kc3l figs-metaphor φωσφόρος ἀνατείλῃ ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν 1 the morning star rises in your hearts Peter speaks of Christ as the “morning star,” which indicates that daybreak and the end of darkness is near. Christ will bring light into the hearts of believers, ending all doubt and bringing full understanding of who he is. Here “hearts” is a metonym for people’s minds. Alternate translation: “Christ shines his light into your hearts like the morning star shines its light into the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2PE 1 19 kc3l figs-metaphor φωσφόρος ἀνατείλῃ ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν 1 the morning star rises in your hearts Peter speaks of Christ as the “morning star,” which indicates that daybreak and the end of darkness is near. Christ will bring light into the hearts of believers, ending all doubt and bringing full understanding of who he is. Here **hearts** is a metonym for people’s minds. Alternate translation: “Christ shines his light into your hearts like the morning star shines its light into the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2PE 1 19 bl8s φωσφόρος 1 the morning star The “morning star” refers to the planet Venus, which sometimes rises just before the sun and indicates that daybreak is near.
2PE 1 20 wcn9 τοῦτο πρῶτον γινώσκοντες 1 Above all, you must understand “Most importantly, you must understand”
2PE 1 20 s4k2 προφητεία…ἰδίας ἐπιλύσεως οὐ γίνεται 1 no prophecy comes from someone’s own interpretation Possible meanings are (1) the prophets did not make their prophecies on their own or (2) people must rely on the Holy Spirit to understand the prophecies or (3) people must interpret the prophecies with the help of the entire Christian community of believers.
@ -73,20 +73,20 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2PE 2 4 h7uj figs-activepassive σειροῖς ζόφου…τηρουμένους 1 to be kept in chains of lower darkness This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “where he will keep them in chains of lower darkness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE 2 4 uzy2 figs-metaphor σειροῖς ζόφου 1 in chains of lower darkness Possible meanings are (1) “in chains in a very dark place” or (2) “in very deep darkness that imprisons them like chains.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE 2 4 c2ak εἰς κρίσιν 1 until the judgment This refers to the day of judgment when God will judge every person.
2PE 2 5 hpv7 figs-metonymy ἀρχαίου κόσμου οὐκ ἐφείσατο 1 he did not spare the ancient world Here the word “world” refers to the people who lived in it. Alternate translation: “he did not spare the people who lived in the ancient world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2PE 2 5 hpv7 figs-metonymy ἀρχαίου κόσμου οὐκ ἐφείσατο 1 he did not spare the ancient world Here the word **world** refers to the people who lived in it. Alternate translation: “he did not spare the people who lived in the ancient world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2PE 2 5 iw5v ὄγδοον, Νῶε…ἐφύλαξεν 1 he preserved Noah…along with seven others God did not destroy Noah and seven other people when he destroyed the rest of the people who lived in the ancient world.
2PE 2 6 gp3e πόλεις Σοδόμων καὶ Γομόρρας τεφρώσας 1 reduced the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah to ashes “burned the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah with fire until only ashes remained”
2PE 2 6 reg3 καταστροφῇ κατέκρινεν 1 condemned them to destruction Here the word “them” refers to Sodom and Gomorrah and the people who lived in them.
2PE 2 6 reg3 καταστροφῇ κατέκρινεν 1 condemned them to destruction Here the word **them** refers to Sodom and Gomorrah and the people who lived in them.
2PE 2 6 hgt7 ὑπόδειγμα μελλόντων ἀσεβέσιν 1 as an example of what is to happen to the ungodly Sodom and Gomorrah serve as an example and a warning of what will happen to others who disobey God.
2PE 2 7 fm1p 0 Connecting Statement: Peter gives an example of Lot, whom God rescued out from among men who deserved punishment.
2PE 2 7 k79d τῆς τῶν ἀθέσμων ἐν ἀσελγείᾳ ἀναστροφῆς 1 the sensual behavior of lawless people “the immoral behavior of people who broke God’s law”
2PE 2 8 b1ba ὁ δίκαιος 1 that righteous man This refers to Lot.
2PE 2 8 hpi4 figs-synecdoche ψυχὴν δικαίαν…ἐβασάνιζεν 1 was tormented in his righteous soul Here the word “soul” refers to Lot’s thoughts and emotions. The immoral behavior of the citizens of Sodom and Gomorrah disturbed him emotionally. Alternate translation: “was greatly disturbed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2PE 2 8 hpi4 figs-synecdoche ψυχὴν δικαίαν…ἐβασάνιζεν 1 was tormented in his righteous soul Here the word **soul** refers to Lot’s thoughts and emotions. The immoral behavior of the citizens of Sodom and Gomorrah disturbed him emotionally. Alternate translation: “was greatly disturbed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2PE 2 10 skh8 0 Connecting Statement: Peter begins describing the characteristics of unrighteous men.
2PE 2 10 c9e5 μάλιστα 1 This is especially true The word “this” refers to God keeping unrighteous men in prison until judgment day in [2 Peter 2:9](../02/09.md).
2PE 2 10 eb1k τοὺς…σαρκὸς ἐν ἐπιθυμίᾳ μιασμοῦ πορευομένους 1 those who continue in the corrupt desires of the flesh Here the phrase “desires of the flesh” refers to the desires of the sinful nature. Alternate translation: “those who continue to indulge their corrupt, sinful desires”
2PE 2 10 axr4 κυριότητος καταφρονοῦντας 1 despise authority “refuse to submit to God’s authority.” Here the word “authority” probably refers to God’s authority.
2PE 2 10 n7n8 figs-metonymy κυριότητος 1 authority Here “authority” stands for God, who has the right to give commands and to punish disobedience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2PE 2 10 eb1k τοὺς…σαρκὸς ἐν ἐπιθυμίᾳ μιασμοῦ πορευομένους 1 those who continue in the corrupt desires of the flesh Here the phrase **desires of the flesh** refers to the desires of the sinful nature. Alternate translation: “those who continue to indulge their corrupt, sinful desires”
2PE 2 10 axr4 κυριότητος καταφρονοῦντας 1 despise authority “refuse to submit to God’s authority.” Here the word **authority** probably refers to God’s authority.
2PE 2 10 n7n8 figs-metonymy κυριότητος 1 authority Here **authority** stands for God, who has the right to give commands and to punish disobedience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2PE 2 10 esb2 αὐθάδεις 1 self-willed “do whatever they want to do”
2PE 2 10 s7l1 δόξας 1 the glorious ones This phrase refers to spiritual beings, such as angels or demons.
2PE 2 11 u2jk ἰσχύϊ καὶ δυνάμει μείζονες 1 greater strength and power “more strength and power than the false teachers”
@ -96,12 +96,12 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2PE 2 12 ipd4 ἐν οἷς ἀγνοοῦσιν βλασφημοῦντες 1 They do not know what they insult They speak evil of what they do not know or understand.
2PE 2 12 jw8d figs-activepassive φθαρήσονται 1 They will be destroyed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE 2 13 p7g7 figs-irony ἀδικούμενοι μισθὸν ἀδικίας 1 They will receive the reward of their wrongdoing Peter speaks of the punishment that the false teachers will receive as if it were a reward. Alternate translation: “They will receive what they deserve for their wrongdoing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
2PE 2 13 e62s τὴν ἐν ἡμέρᾳ τρυφήν 1 luxury during the day Here the word “luxury” refers to immoral activity that includes gluttony, drunkenness, and sexual activity. Doing these things during the day indicates that these people are not ashamed of this behavior.
2PE 2 13 e62s τὴν ἐν ἡμέρᾳ τρυφήν 1 luxury during the day Here the word **luxury** refers to immoral activity that includes gluttony, drunkenness, and sexual activity. Doing these things during the day indicates that these people are not ashamed of this behavior.
2PE 2 13 u1rc figs-metaphor σπίλοι καὶ μῶμοι 1 They are stains and blemishes The words “stains” and “blemishes” share similar meanings. Peter speaks of the false teachers as if they were stains on a garment that cause shame for those who wear it. Alternate translation: “They are like stains and blemishes on clothes, which cause disgrace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2PE 2 14 v7t4 figs-metonymy ὀφθαλμοὺς ἔχοντες μεστοὺς μοιχαλίδος 1 They have eyes full of adultery Here the “eyes” represent their desires and “eyes full” means they constant want something. Alternate translation: “They constantly want to commit adultery” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2PE 2 14 v7t4 figs-metonymy ὀφθαλμοὺς ἔχοντες μεστοὺς μοιχαλίδος 1 They have eyes full of adultery Here the **eyes** represent their desires and “eyes full” means they constant want something. Alternate translation: “They constantly want to commit adultery” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2PE 2 14 a22r ἀκαταπαύστους ἁμαρτίας 1 they are never satisfied with sin Although they sin in order to satisfy their lusts, the sin that they commit never satisfies.
2PE 2 14 wt89 figs-synecdoche δελεάζοντες ψυχὰς ἀστηρίκτους 1 They entice unstable souls Here the word “souls” refers to persons. Alternate translation: “They entice unstable people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2PE 2 14 c55u figs-metonymy καρδίαν γεγυμνασμένην πλεονεξίας 1 hearts trained in covetousness Here the word “hearts” refers to the thoughts and emotions of the person. Because of their habitual actions, they have trained themselves to think and act out of covetousness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2PE 2 14 wt89 figs-synecdoche δελεάζοντες ψυχὰς ἀστηρίκτους 1 They entice unstable souls Here the word **souls** refers to persons. Alternate translation: “They entice unstable people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2PE 2 14 c55u figs-metonymy καρδίαν γεγυμνασμένην πλεονεξίας 1 hearts trained in covetousness Here the word **hearts** refers to the thoughts and emotions of the person. Because of their habitual actions, they have trained themselves to think and act out of covetousness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2PE 2 15 et62 καταλειπόντες εὐθεῖαν ὁδὸν, ἐπλανήθησαν ἐξακολουθήσαντες 1 They have abandoned the right way and have wandered off to follow “These false teachers have abandoned the right way and have gone astray to follow.” The false teachers have refused to be obedient to God because they have rejected what is right.
2PE 2 15 ky5q figs-metaphor εὐθεῖαν ὁδὸν 1 the right way Right behavior that honors God is spoken of as if it were a path to follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE 2 16 z37w figs-abstractnouns ἔλεγξιν…ἔσχεν 1 he obtained a rebuke You can specify it was God who rebuked Balaam. Alternate translation: “God rebuked him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2PE 2 18 f8tg δελεάζουσιν ἐν ἐπιθυμίαις σαρκὸς ἀσελγείαις 1 They entice people through the lusts of the flesh They appeal to the sinful nature to engage people in immoral and sinful actions.
2PE 2 18 nks3 figs-explicit τοὺς ὀλίγως ἀποφεύγοντας τοὺς ἐν πλάνῃ ἀναστρεφομένους 1 people who try to escape from those who live in error This phrase refers to people who recently became believers. The phrase “those who live in error” refers to unbelievers who still live in sin. Alternate translation: “people who try to live rightly, instead of living sinfully as they used to and as other people do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2PE 2 18 jec8 figs-metaphor τοὺς ὀλίγως ἀποφεύγοντας 1 people who try to escape Peter speaks of people who live sinfully as if they are slaves to sin who need to be released from their captivity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE 2 19 uyw6 figs-metaphor ἐλευθερίαν αὐτοῖς ἐπαγγελλόμενοι, αὐτοὶ δοῦλοι ὑπάρχοντες τῆς φθορᾶς 1 They promise freedom to them, but they themselves are slaves of corruption “Freedom” here is an idiom for the ability to live exactly as one wants. Alternate translation: “They promise to give them the ability to live exactly as they want to live, but they themselves cannot escape their own sinful desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE 2 19 uyw6 figs-metaphor ἐλευθερίαν αὐτοῖς ἐπαγγελλόμενοι, αὐτοὶ δοῦλοι ὑπάρχοντες τῆς φθορᾶς 1 They promise freedom to them, but they themselves are slaves of corruption **Freedom** here is an idiom for the ability to live exactly as one wants. Alternate translation: **They promise to give them the ability to live exactly as they want to live, but they themselves cannot escape their own sinful desires** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE 2 19 v5tt figs-metaphor ἐλευθερίαν…ἐπαγγελλόμενοι…δοῦλοι…τῆς φθορᾶς 1 promise freedom…slaves of corruption Peter speaks of people who live sinfully as if they are slaves to sin who need to be released from their captivity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE 2 19 b79v figs-metaphor ᾧ γάρ τις ἥττηται, τούτῳ δεδούλωται 1 For a man is a slave to whatever overcomes him Peter speaks of a person as a slave when anything has control over that person, and that thing as the master of that person. Alternate translation: “For if something has control over a person, that person becomes like a slave to that thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE 2 20 d6ra 0 Connecting Statement: The words “they” and “them” refer to the false teachers Peter speaks of in verses 12-19.
@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2PE 2 20 bi73 figs-abstractnouns ἐν ἐπιγνώσει τοῦ Κυρίου…καὶ Σωτῆρος, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 through the knowledge of the Lord and Savior Jesus Christ You can translate “knowledge” using a verbal phrase. See how you translated similar phrases in [2 Peter 1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “by knowing the Lord and Savior Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2PE 2 20 d42g γέγονεν αὐτοῖς τὰ ἔσχατα χείρονα τῶν πρώτων 1 the last state has become worse for them than the first “their condition is worse than it was before”
2PE 2 21 pm7b figs-metaphor τὴν ὁδὸν τῆς δικαιοσύνης 1 the way of righteousness Peter speaks of life as a “way” or path. This phrase refers to living a life that is according to God’s will. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE 2 21 ic3c figs-metaphor ὑποστρέψαι ἐκ τῆς…ἁγίας ἐντολῆς 1 turn away from the holy commandment Here “turn away from” is a metaphor that means to stop doing something. Alternate translation: “stop obeying the holy commandment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE 2 21 ic3c figs-metaphor ὑποστρέψαι ἐκ τῆς…ἁγίας ἐντολῆς 1 turn away from the holy commandment Here **turn away from** is a metaphor that means to stop doing something. Alternate translation: “stop obeying the holy commandment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE 2 21 blr5 figs-activepassive τῆς παραδοθείσης αὐτοῖς ἁγίας ἐντολῆς 1 the holy commandment delivered to them This can be stated in active terms. Alternate translation: “the holy commandment that God delivered to them” or “the holy commandment that God made sure that they received” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE 2 22 hqr3 συμβέβηκεν αὐτοῖς τὸ τῆς ἀληθοῦς παροιμίας 1 This proverb is true for them “This proverb applies to them” or “This proverb describes them”
2PE 2 22 h42r writing-proverbs κύων ἐπιστρέψας ἐπὶ τὸ ἴδιον ἐξέραμα, καί, ὗς λουσαμένη, εἰς κυλισμὸν βορβόρου 1 A dog returns to its own vomit, and a washed pig returns to the mud Peter uses two proverbs to illustrate how the false teachers, although they have known “the way of righteousness,” have turned back to the things that make them morally and spiritually impure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])
@ -133,18 +133,18 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2PE 3 2 gxj7 figs-activepassive τῶν προειρημένων ῥημάτων, ὑπὸ τῶν ἁγίων προφητῶν 1 the words spoken in the past by the holy prophets This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the words that the holy prophets spoke in the past” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE 3 2 yhi7 figs-activepassive τῆς τῶν ἀποστόλων ὑμῶν ἐντολῆς τοῦ Κυρίου καὶ Σωτῆρος 1 the command of our Lord and Savior given through your apostles This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the command of our Lord and Savior, which your apostles gave to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE 3 3 lm1a τοῦτο πρῶτον γινώσκοντες 1 Know this first “Know this as the most important thing.” See how you translated this in [2 Peter 1:20](../01/20.md).
2PE 3 3 znh2 figs-explicit κατὰ τὰς ἰδίας ἐπιθυμίας αὐτῶν πορευόμενοι 1 proceed according to their own desires Here the word “desires” refers to sinful desires that are opposed to God’s will. Alternate translation: “live according to their own sinful desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2PE 3 3 znh2 figs-explicit κατὰ τὰς ἰδίας ἐπιθυμίας αὐτῶν πορευόμενοι 1 proceed according to their own desires Here the word **desires** refers to sinful desires that are opposed to God’s will. Alternate translation: “live according to their own sinful desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2PE 3 3 hl23 πορευόμενοι 1 proceed act, behave
2PE 3 4 zrj7 figs-rquestion ποῦ ἐστιν ἡ ἐπαγγελία τῆς παρουσίας αὐτοῦ 1 Where is the promise of his return? The mockers ask this rhetorical question to emphasize that they do not believe that Jesus will return. The word “promise” refers to the fulfillment of the promise that Jesus will return. Alternate translation: “The promise that Jesus would return is not true! He will not return!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2PE 3 4 t6hl figs-euphemism οἱ πατέρες ἐκοιμήθησαν 1 our fathers fell asleep Here “fathers” refers to ancestors who lived long ago. Falling asleep is a euphemism for dying. Alternate translation: “our ancestors died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2PE 3 4 t6hl figs-euphemism οἱ πατέρες ἐκοιμήθησαν 1 our fathers fell asleep Here **fathers** refers to ancestors who lived long ago. Falling asleep is a euphemism for dying. Alternate translation: “our ancestors died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2PE 3 4 c2en figs-hyperbole πάντα οὕτως διαμένει ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς κτίσεως 1 all things have stayed the same, since the beginning of creation The mockers exaggerate with the word “all”, and they argue that since nothing in the world has ever changed, it cannot be true that Jesus will return. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2PE 3 4 yue7 figs-abstractnouns ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς κτίσεως 1 since the beginning of creation This can be translated as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “since God created the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2PE 3 5 mku9 figs-activepassive οὐρανοὶ ἦσαν ἔκπαλαι, καὶ γῆ…συνεστῶσα τῷ τοῦ Θεοῦ λόγῳ 1 the heavens and the earth came to exist…long ago, by God’s command This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God established the heavens and the earth…long ago by his word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE 3 5 s77f ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ δι’ ὕδατος συνεστῶσα 1 came to exist out of water and through water This means that God caused the land to come up out of the water, gathering the bodies of water together to make the land appear.
2PE 3 6 jh4r δι’ ὧν 1 through these things Here “these things” refers to God’s word and water.
2PE 3 6 jh4r δι’ ὧν 1 through these things Here **these things** refers to God’s word and water.
2PE 3 6 nyb7 figs-activepassive ὁ τότε κόσμος ὕδατι κατακλυσθεὶς ἀπώλετο 1 the world of that time was destroyed, being flooded with water This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God flooded the world that existed at that time with water and destroyed it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE 3 7 b2in figs-activepassive οἱ…οὐρανοὶ καὶ ἡ γῆ, τῷ αὐτῷ λόγῳ τεθησαυρισμένοι εἰσὶν, πυρὶ 1 the heavens and the earth are reserved for fire by that same command This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God, by that same word, has reserved the heavens and the earth for fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE 3 7 e673 τῷ αὐτῷ λόγῳ 1 that same command Here “command” stands for God, who will give the command: AT “God, who will give a similar command”
2PE 3 7 e673 τῷ αὐτῷ λόγῳ 1 that same command Here **command** stands for God, who will give the command: AT “God, who will give a similar command”
2PE 3 7 jl5d figs-activepassive τηρούμενοι εἰς ἡμέραν κρίσεως 1 They are reserved for the day of judgment This can be stated in active form and can begin a new sentence. Alternate translation: “He is reserving them for the day of judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE 3 7 y3gg figs-abstractnouns εἰς ἡμέραν κρίσεως καὶ ἀπωλείας τῶν ἀσεβῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 for the day of judgment and the destruction of the ungodly people This can be stated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “for the day when he judges and destroys ungodly people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2PE 3 8 s5cy μὴ λανθανέτω ὑμᾶς 1 It should not escape your notice “You should not fail to understand this” or “Do not ignore this”
@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2PE 3 13 df3v figs-personification ἐν οἷς δικαιοσύνη κατοικεῖ 1 where righteousness will dwell Peter speaks of “righteousness” as if it were a person. This is a metonym for people who are righteous. Alternate translation: “where righteous people will dwell” or “where people will live righteously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2PE 3 14 fj1l figs-activepassive σπουδάσατε ἄσπιλοι καὶ ἀμώμητοι αὐτῷ εὑρεθῆναι ἐν εἰρήνῃ 1 do your best to be found spotless and blameless before him, in peace This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “do your best to live in a way so that God will find you spotless and blameless, and be at peace with him and each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE 3 14 s141 figs-doublet ἄσπιλοι καὶ ἀμώμητοι 1 spotless and blameless The words “spotless” and “blameless” mean basically the same thing and emphasize moral purity. Alternate translation: “completely pure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2PE 3 14 byr8 figs-metaphor ἄσπιλοι 1 spotless Here this stands for “faultless.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE 3 14 byr8 figs-metaphor ἄσπιλοι 1 spotless Here this stands for **faultless**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE 3 15 g35u figs-explicit τὴν τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν μακροθυμίαν, σωτηρίαν ἡγεῖσθε 1 consider the patience of our Lord to be salvation Because the Lord is patient, the day of judgment has not yet happened. This gives people an opportunity to repent and be saved, as he explained in [2 Peter 3:9](../03/09.md). Alternate translation: “Also, think about the patience of our Lord as giving you an opportunity to repent and be saved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2PE 3 15 nnd7 figs-activepassive κατὰ τὴν δοθεῖσαν αὐτῷ σοφίαν 1 according to the wisdom that was given to him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “according to the wisdom that God gave to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE 3 16 wil1 ἐν πάσαις ταῖς ἐπιστολαῖς, λαλῶν…περὶ τούτων 1 Paul speaks of these things in all his letters “Paul speaks of the patience of God leading to salvation in all his letters”
@ -176,6 +176,6 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo
2PE 3 17 kn3d 0 Connecting Statement: Peter finishes instructing the believers and ends his letter.
2PE 3 17 t1gd ὑμεῖς…προγινώσκοντες 1 since you know about these things “These things” refers to the truths about the patience of God and the teachings of these false teachers.
2PE 3 17 z54q φυλάσσεσθε 1 guard yourselves “protect yourselves”
2PE 3 17 h2ik figs-metaphor ἵνα μὴ τῇ τῶν ἀθέσμων πλάνῃ συναπαχθέντες 1 so that you are not led astray by the deceit of lawless people Here “led astray” is a metaphor for being persuaded to do something wrong. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that lawless people do not deceive you and cause you do something wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE 3 17 h2ik figs-metaphor ἵνα μὴ τῇ τῶν ἀθέσμων πλάνῃ συναπαχθέντες 1 so that you are not led astray by the deceit of lawless people Here **led astray** is a metaphor for being persuaded to do something wrong. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that lawless people do not deceive you and cause you do something wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE 3 17 w3sp figs-metaphor ἐκπέσητε τοῦ ἰδίου στηριγμοῦ 1 you lose your own faithfulness Faithfulness is spoken of as if it were a possession that believers could lose. Alternate translation: “you stop being faithful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE 3 18 lk3c figs-metaphor αὐξάνετε…ἐν χάριτι, καὶ γνώσει τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν καὶ Σωτῆρος, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ Here growing in the grace and knowledge of the Lord represents experiencing his grace more and knowing him more. The abstract noun “grace” can be expressed with the phrase “act kindly.” Alternate translation: “receive more of the grace of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, and know him more” or “be more aware of how our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ acts kindly toward you, and know him better” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2PE 3 18 lk3c figs-metaphor αὐξάνετε…ἐν χάριτι, καὶ γνώσει τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν καὶ Σωτῆρος, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ Here growing in the grace and knowledge of the Lord represents experiencing his grace more and knowing him more. The abstract noun **grace** can be expressed with the phrase “act kindly.” Alternate translation: “receive more of the grace of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, and know him more” or “be more aware of how our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ acts kindly toward you, and know him better” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
5 2PE 1 1 v381 δοῦλος καὶ ἀπόστολος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 slave and apostle of Jesus Christ Peter speaks of being Jesus Christ’s servant. He also was given the position and authority of being Christ’s apostle.
6 2PE 1 1 yy7j figs-explicit τοῖς ἰσότιμον…λαχοῦσιν πίστιν 1 to those who have received the same precious faith That these people have received faith implies that God has given that faith to them. Alternate translation: “to those to whom God has given the same precious faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
7 2PE 1 1 mbg7 τοῖς…λαχοῦσιν 1 to those who have received “to you who have received.” Peter addresses all believers who may read this letter.
8 2PE 1 1 y157 figs-exclusive ἡμῖν 1 we have received Here the word “we” refers to Peter and the other apostles, but not to those to whom he is writing. Alternate translation: “we apostles have received” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) Here the word **we** refers to Peter and the other apostles, but not to those to whom he is writing. Alternate translation: “we apostles have received” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
9 2PE 1 2 y7l9 figs-explicit χάρις…καὶ εἰρήνη πληθυνθείη 1 May grace and peace increase in measure God is the one who will give grace and peace to believers. Alternate translation: “May God increase your grace and your peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
10 2PE 1 2 n59n figs-metaphor χάρις…καὶ εἰρήνη πληθυνθείη 1 May grace and peace increase Peter speaks of peace as if it were an object that could increase in size or numbers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11 2PE 1 2 vq19 figs-abstractnouns ἐν ἐπιγνώσει τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν 1 in the knowledge of God and of Jesus our Lord You can translate “knowledge” using a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “through your knowing God and Jesus our Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
12 2PE 1 3 ywj9 0 General Information: Peter begins to teach the believers about living godly lives.
13 2PE 1 3 epx9 figs-hendiadys πρὸς ζωὴν καὶ εὐσέβειαν 1 for life and godliness Here “godliness” describes the word “life.” Alternate translation: “for a godly life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) Here **godliness** describes the word “life.” Alternate translation: “for a godly life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
14 2PE 1 3 an3z figs-exclusive τοῦ καλέσαντος ἡμᾶς 1 who called us Here the word “us” refers to Peter and his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) Here the word **us** refers to Peter and his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
15 2PE 1 4 m91m δι’ ὧν 1 Through these Here “these” refers to “his own glory and virtue.” Here **these** refers to “his own glory and virtue.”
16 2PE 1 4 f42f γένησθε…κοινωνοὶ 1 you might be sharers “you might share”
17 2PE 1 4 yk7g θείας…φύσεως 1 the divine nature what God is like
18 2PE 1 4 p2yj figs-metaphor ἀποφυγόντες τῆς ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ἐν ἐπιθυμίᾳ φθορᾶς 1 having escaped the corruption in the world that is caused by evil desires Peter speaks of people not suffering from the corruption that wicked desires cause as if they were escaping from that corruption. The word “corruption” is an abstract noun that can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “and so that the wicked desires in this world will no longer corrupt you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
26 2PE 1 9 h6fn figs-metaphor τυφλός ἐστιν μυωπάζων 1 is so nearsighted that he is blind Peter speaks of a person who does not possess these qualities as if he were a nearsighted or blind person because he does not understand their value. Alternate translation: “is like a shortsighted person who cannot see their importance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
27 2PE 1 9 gq4d figs-abstractnouns τοῦ καθαρισμοῦ τῶν πάλαι αὐτοῦ ἁμαρτιῶν 1 he has been cleansed from his past sins You can use a verb to translate this. Alternate translation: “that God has cleansed him from his old sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
28 2PE 1 10 raa1 figs-doublet βεβαίαν ὑμῶν τὴν κλῆσιν καὶ ἐκλογὴν ποιεῖσθαι 1 make your calling and election sure The words “calling” and “election” share similar meanings and refer to God’s choosing them to belong to him. Alternate translation: “make sure that God has really chosen you to belong to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
29 2PE 1 10 jcv9 figs-metaphor οὐ μὴ πταίσητέ 1 you will not stumble Here the word “stumble” refers either to (1) committing sin. Alternate translation: “you will not practice sinful behavior” or (2) becoming unfaithful to Christ. Alternate translation: “you will not become unfaithful to Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Here the word **stumble** refers either to (1) committing sin. Alternate translation: “you will not practice sinful behavior” or (2) becoming unfaithful to Christ. Alternate translation: “you will not become unfaithful to Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
30 2PE 1 11 f45v figs-activepassive πλουσίως ἐπιχορηγηθήσεται ὑμῖν ἡ εἴσοδος εἰς τὴν αἰώνιον βασιλείαν 1 there will be richly provided for you an entrance into the eternal kingdom This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will richly provide for you an entrance into the eternal kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
31 2PE 1 11 k1e4 ἡ εἴσοδος 1 an entrance the opportunity to enter
32 2PE 1 12 du69 0 Connecting Statement: Peter tells the believers about his obligation to continue reminding them and teaching them.
33 2PE 1 12 l2kh ἐστηριγμένους ἐν τῇ…ἀληθείᾳ 1 you are strong in the truth “you strongly believe the truth of these things”
34 2PE 1 13 vmj2 figs-metaphor διεγείρειν ὑμᾶς ἐν ὑπομνήσει 1 to stir you up by way of reminder Here the word “stir” means to awaken someone from sleep. Peter speaks of causing his readers to think about these things as if he were waking them from sleep. Alternate translation: “to remind you of these things so that you will think about them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Here the word **stir** means to awaken someone from sleep. Peter speaks of causing his readers to think about these things as if he were waking them from sleep. Alternate translation: “to remind you of these things so that you will think about them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
35 2PE 1 13 ax2a figs-metaphor ἐφ’ ὅσον εἰμὶ ἐν τούτῳ τῷ σκηνώματι 1 as long as I am in this tent Peter speaks of his body as if it were a tent that he is wearing and will take off. Being in his body represents being alive, and taking it off represents dying. Alternate translation: “as long as I am in this body” or “as long as I am alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
36 2PE 1 14 j8f5 figs-metaphor ταχινή ἐστιν ἡ ἀπόθεσις τοῦ σκηνώματός μου 1 the putting off of my tent will be soon Peter speaks of his body as if it were a tent that he is wearing and will take off. Being in his body represents being alive, and taking it off represents dying. Alternate translation: “I will soon take off this body” or “I will die soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
37 2PE 1 15 c2iw ἑκάστοτε, ἔχειν ὑμᾶς…τὴν τούτων μνήμην ποιεῖσθαι 1 you may be always able to remember these things Here the words “these things” refers to everything that Peter has said in the previous verses. Here the words **these things** refers to everything that Peter has said in the previous verses.
38 2PE 1 15 alg8 figs-metaphor μετὰ τὴν ἐμὴν ἔξοδον 1 after my departure Peter speaks of his death as if he were leaving one place to go to another. Alternate translation: “after my death” or “after I die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
39 2PE 1 16 k3rm 0 Connecting Statement: Peter continues to explain his teachings to the believers and explains why they are trustworthy.
40 2PE 1 16 vc99 figs-exclusive οὐ γὰρ σεσοφισμένοις μύθοις ἐξακολουθήσαντες 1 For we did not follow cleverly invented myths Here the word “we” refers to Peter and the other apostles, but not to his readers. Alternate translation: “For we apostles did not follow cleverly made-up stories” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) Here the word **we** refers to Peter and the other apostles, but not to his readers. Alternate translation: “For we apostles did not follow cleverly made-up stories” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
41 2PE 1 16 jwy8 figs-hendiadys τὴν…δύναμιν καὶ παρουσίαν 1 the power and the coming These two phrases may refer to the same thing and be translated as a single phrase. Alternate translation: “the powerful coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
42 2PE 1 16 zs6v τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ…παρουσίαν 1 the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ Possible meanings are (1) the future second coming of the Lord Jesus or (2) the first coming of the Lord Jesus.
43 2PE 1 16 v4kd figs-exclusive τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 our Lord Jesus Christ Here the word “our” refers to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) Here the word **our** refers to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
44 2PE 1 17 m33h figs-activepassive φωνῆς ἐνεχθείσης αὐτῷ…ὑπὸ τῆς Μεγαλοπρεποῦς Δόξης 1 when a voice was brought to him by the Majestic Glory This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when he heard a voice come from the Majestic Glory” or “when he heard the voice of the Majestic Glory speak to him” or “when the Majestic Glory spoke to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
45 2PE 1 17 yd8g figs-metonymy τῆς Μεγαλοπρεποῦς Δόξης 1 the Majestic Glory saying Peter refers to God in terms of his glory. This is a euphemism that avoids using God’s name, out of reverence for him. Alternate translation: “God, the Supreme Glory, saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
46 2PE 1 18 ezn2 figs-exclusive ταύτην τὴν φωνὴν ἡμεῖς ἠκούσαμεν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, ἐνεχθεῖσαν 1 We ourselves heard this voice brought from heaven With the word “We,” Peter is referring to himself and to the disciples James and John, who heard the voice of God. Alternate translation: “We ourselves heard this voice that came from heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
48 2PE 1 18 mlm9 σὺν αὐτῷ, ὄντες 1 we were with him “we were with Jesus”
49 2PE 1 19 km3l 0 General Information: Peter begins to warn the believers about false teachers.
50 2PE 1 19 h498 figs-explicit καὶ ἔχομεν βεβαιότερον τὸν προφητικὸν λόγον 1 For we have this prophetic word made more sure The things that Peter and the other apostles saw, which he described in the previous verses, confirm what the prophets spoke. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For the things that we saw make this prophetic message more sure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
51 2PE 1 19 z3na figs-exclusive καὶ ἔχομεν 1 For we have Here the word “we” refers to all believers, including Peter and his readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) Here the word **we** refers to all believers, including Peter and his readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
52 2PE 1 19 l7zq figs-explicit βεβαιότερον τὸν προφητικὸν λόγον 1 this prophetic word made This refers to the Old Testament. Alternate translation: “the scriptures, which the prophets spoke, made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
53 2PE 1 19 sjd3 ᾧ καλῶς ποιεῖτε προσέχοντες 1 you do well to pay attention to it Peter instructs the believers to pay close attention to the prophetic message.
54 2PE 1 19 xt8i figs-simile ὡς λύχνῳ φαίνοντι ἐν αὐχμηρῷ τόπῳ, ἕως οὗ ἡμέρα διαυγάσῃ 1 as to a lamp shining in a dark place, until the day dawns Peter compares the prophetic word to a lamp that gives light in the dark until light comes in the morning. The coming of morning is a reference to Christ’s coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
55 2PE 1 19 kc3l figs-metaphor φωσφόρος ἀνατείλῃ ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν 1 the morning star rises in your hearts Peter speaks of Christ as the “morning star,” which indicates that daybreak and the end of darkness is near. Christ will bring light into the hearts of believers, ending all doubt and bringing full understanding of who he is. Here “hearts” is a metonym for people’s minds. Alternate translation: “Christ shines his light into your hearts like the morning star shines its light into the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Peter speaks of Christ as the “morning star,” which indicates that daybreak and the end of darkness is near. Christ will bring light into the hearts of believers, ending all doubt and bringing full understanding of who he is. Here **hearts** is a metonym for people’s minds. Alternate translation: “Christ shines his light into your hearts like the morning star shines its light into the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
56 2PE 1 19 bl8s φωσφόρος 1 the morning star The “morning star” refers to the planet Venus, which sometimes rises just before the sun and indicates that daybreak is near.
57 2PE 1 20 wcn9 τοῦτο πρῶτον γινώσκοντες 1 Above all, you must understand “Most importantly, you must understand”
58 2PE 1 20 s4k2 προφητεία…ἰδίας ἐπιλύσεως οὐ γίνεται 1 no prophecy comes from someone’s own interpretation Possible meanings are (1) the prophets did not make their prophecies on their own or (2) people must rely on the Holy Spirit to understand the prophecies or (3) people must interpret the prophecies with the help of the entire Christian community of believers.
73 2PE 2 4 h7uj figs-activepassive σειροῖς ζόφου…τηρουμένους 1 to be kept in chains of lower darkness This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “where he will keep them in chains of lower darkness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
74 2PE 2 4 uzy2 figs-metaphor σειροῖς ζόφου 1 in chains of lower darkness Possible meanings are (1) “in chains in a very dark place” or (2) “in very deep darkness that imprisons them like chains.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
75 2PE 2 4 c2ak εἰς κρίσιν 1 until the judgment This refers to the day of judgment when God will judge every person.
76 2PE 2 5 hpv7 figs-metonymy ἀρχαίου κόσμου οὐκ ἐφείσατο 1 he did not spare the ancient world Here the word “world” refers to the people who lived in it. Alternate translation: “he did not spare the people who lived in the ancient world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Here the word **world** refers to the people who lived in it. Alternate translation: “he did not spare the people who lived in the ancient world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
77 2PE 2 5 iw5v ὄγδοον, Νῶε…ἐφύλαξεν 1 he preserved Noah…along with seven others God did not destroy Noah and seven other people when he destroyed the rest of the people who lived in the ancient world.
78 2PE 2 6 gp3e πόλεις Σοδόμων καὶ Γομόρρας τεφρώσας 1 reduced the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah to ashes “burned the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah with fire until only ashes remained”
79 2PE 2 6 reg3 καταστροφῇ κατέκρινεν 1 condemned them to destruction Here the word “them” refers to Sodom and Gomorrah and the people who lived in them. Here the word **them** refers to Sodom and Gomorrah and the people who lived in them.
80 2PE 2 6 hgt7 ὑπόδειγμα μελλόντων ἀσεβέσιν 1 as an example of what is to happen to the ungodly Sodom and Gomorrah serve as an example and a warning of what will happen to others who disobey God.
81 2PE 2 7 fm1p 0 Connecting Statement: Peter gives an example of Lot, whom God rescued out from among men who deserved punishment.
82 2PE 2 7 k79d τῆς τῶν ἀθέσμων ἐν ἀσελγείᾳ ἀναστροφῆς 1 the sensual behavior of lawless people “the immoral behavior of people who broke God’s law”
83 2PE 2 8 b1ba ὁ δίκαιος 1 that righteous man This refers to Lot.
84 2PE 2 8 hpi4 figs-synecdoche ψυχὴν δικαίαν…ἐβασάνιζεν 1 was tormented in his righteous soul Here the word “soul” refers to Lot’s thoughts and emotions. The immoral behavior of the citizens of Sodom and Gomorrah disturbed him emotionally. Alternate translation: “was greatly disturbed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) Here the word **soul** refers to Lot’s thoughts and emotions. The immoral behavior of the citizens of Sodom and Gomorrah disturbed him emotionally. Alternate translation: “was greatly disturbed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
85 2PE 2 10 skh8 0 Connecting Statement: Peter begins describing the characteristics of unrighteous men.
86 2PE 2 10 c9e5 μάλιστα 1 This is especially true The word “this” refers to God keeping unrighteous men in prison until judgment day in [2 Peter 2:9](../02/09.md).
87 2PE 2 10 eb1k τοὺς…σαρκὸς ἐν ἐπιθυμίᾳ μιασμοῦ πορευομένους 1 those who continue in the corrupt desires of the flesh Here the phrase “desires of the flesh” refers to the desires of the sinful nature. Alternate translation: “those who continue to indulge their corrupt, sinful desires” Here the phrase **desires of the flesh** refers to the desires of the sinful nature. Alternate translation: “those who continue to indulge their corrupt, sinful desires”
88 2PE 2 10 axr4 κυριότητος καταφρονοῦντας 1 despise authority “refuse to submit to God’s authority.” Here the word “authority” probably refers to God’s authority. “refuse to submit to God’s authority.” Here the word **authority** probably refers to God’s authority.
89 2PE 2 10 n7n8 figs-metonymy κυριότητος 1 authority Here “authority” stands for God, who has the right to give commands and to punish disobedience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Here **authority** stands for God, who has the right to give commands and to punish disobedience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
90 2PE 2 10 esb2 αὐθάδεις 1 self-willed “do whatever they want to do”
91 2PE 2 10 s7l1 δόξας 1 the glorious ones This phrase refers to spiritual beings, such as angels or demons.
92 2PE 2 11 u2jk ἰσχύϊ καὶ δυνάμει μείζονες 1 greater strength and power “more strength and power than the false teachers”
96 2PE 2 12 ipd4 ἐν οἷς ἀγνοοῦσιν βλασφημοῦντες 1 They do not know what they insult They speak evil of what they do not know or understand.
97 2PE 2 12 jw8d figs-activepassive φθαρήσονται 1 They will be destroyed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
98 2PE 2 13 p7g7 figs-irony ἀδικούμενοι μισθὸν ἀδικίας 1 They will receive the reward of their wrongdoing Peter speaks of the punishment that the false teachers will receive as if it were a reward. Alternate translation: “They will receive what they deserve for their wrongdoing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
99 2PE 2 13 e62s τὴν ἐν ἡμέρᾳ τρυφήν 1 luxury during the day Here the word “luxury” refers to immoral activity that includes gluttony, drunkenness, and sexual activity. Doing these things during the day indicates that these people are not ashamed of this behavior. Here the word **luxury** refers to immoral activity that includes gluttony, drunkenness, and sexual activity. Doing these things during the day indicates that these people are not ashamed of this behavior.
100 2PE 2 13 u1rc figs-metaphor σπίλοι καὶ μῶμοι 1 They are stains and blemishes The words “stains” and “blemishes” share similar meanings. Peter speaks of the false teachers as if they were stains on a garment that cause shame for those who wear it. Alternate translation: “They are like stains and blemishes on clothes, which cause disgrace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
101 2PE 2 14 v7t4 figs-metonymy ὀφθαλμοὺς ἔχοντες μεστοὺς μοιχαλίδος 1 They have eyes full of adultery Here the “eyes” represent their desires and “eyes full” means they constant want something. Alternate translation: “They constantly want to commit adultery” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Here the **eyes** represent their desires and “eyes full” means they constant want something. Alternate translation: “They constantly want to commit adultery” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
102 2PE 2 14 a22r ἀκαταπαύστους ἁμαρτίας 1 they are never satisfied with sin Although they sin in order to satisfy their lusts, the sin that they commit never satisfies.
103 2PE 2 14 wt89 figs-synecdoche δελεάζοντες ψυχὰς ἀστηρίκτους 1 They entice unstable souls Here the word “souls” refers to persons. Alternate translation: “They entice unstable people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) Here the word **souls** refers to persons. Alternate translation: “They entice unstable people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
104 2PE 2 14 c55u figs-metonymy καρδίαν γεγυμνασμένην πλεονεξίας 1 hearts trained in covetousness Here the word “hearts” refers to the thoughts and emotions of the person. Because of their habitual actions, they have trained themselves to think and act out of covetousness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Here the word **hearts** refers to the thoughts and emotions of the person. Because of their habitual actions, they have trained themselves to think and act out of covetousness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
105 2PE 2 15 et62 καταλειπόντες εὐθεῖαν ὁδὸν, ἐπλανήθησαν ἐξακολουθήσαντες 1 They have abandoned the right way and have wandered off to follow “These false teachers have abandoned the right way and have gone astray to follow.” The false teachers have refused to be obedient to God because they have rejected what is right.
106 2PE 2 15 ky5q figs-metaphor εὐθεῖαν ὁδὸν 1 the right way Right behavior that honors God is spoken of as if it were a path to follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
107 2PE 2 16 z37w figs-abstractnouns ἔλεγξιν…ἔσχεν 1 he obtained a rebuke You can specify it was God who rebuked Balaam. Alternate translation: “God rebuked him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
114 2PE 2 18 f8tg δελεάζουσιν ἐν ἐπιθυμίαις σαρκὸς ἀσελγείαις 1 They entice people through the lusts of the flesh They appeal to the sinful nature to engage people in immoral and sinful actions.
115 2PE 2 18 nks3 figs-explicit τοὺς ὀλίγως ἀποφεύγοντας τοὺς ἐν πλάνῃ ἀναστρεφομένους 1 people who try to escape from those who live in error This phrase refers to people who recently became believers. The phrase “those who live in error” refers to unbelievers who still live in sin. Alternate translation: “people who try to live rightly, instead of living sinfully as they used to and as other people do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
116 2PE 2 18 jec8 figs-metaphor τοὺς ὀλίγως ἀποφεύγοντας 1 people who try to escape Peter speaks of people who live sinfully as if they are slaves to sin who need to be released from their captivity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
117 2PE 2 19 uyw6 figs-metaphor ἐλευθερίαν αὐτοῖς ἐπαγγελλόμενοι, αὐτοὶ δοῦλοι ὑπάρχοντες τῆς φθορᾶς 1 They promise freedom to them, but they themselves are slaves of corruption “Freedom” here is an idiom for the ability to live exactly as one wants. Alternate translation: “They promise to give them the ability to live exactly as they want to live, but they themselves cannot escape their own sinful desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) **Freedom** here is an idiom for the ability to live exactly as one wants. Alternate translation: **They promise to give them the ability to live exactly as they want to live, but they themselves cannot escape their own sinful desires** (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
118 2PE 2 19 v5tt figs-metaphor ἐλευθερίαν…ἐπαγγελλόμενοι…δοῦλοι…τῆς φθορᾶς 1 promise freedom…slaves of corruption Peter speaks of people who live sinfully as if they are slaves to sin who need to be released from their captivity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
119 2PE 2 19 b79v figs-metaphor ᾧ γάρ τις ἥττηται, τούτῳ δεδούλωται 1 For a man is a slave to whatever overcomes him Peter speaks of a person as a slave when anything has control over that person, and that thing as the master of that person. Alternate translation: “For if something has control over a person, that person becomes like a slave to that thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
120 2PE 2 20 d6ra 0 Connecting Statement: The words “they” and “them” refer to the false teachers Peter speaks of in verses 12-19.
123 2PE 2 20 bi73 figs-abstractnouns ἐν ἐπιγνώσει τοῦ Κυρίου…καὶ Σωτῆρος, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 through the knowledge of the Lord and Savior Jesus Christ You can translate “knowledge” using a verbal phrase. See how you translated similar phrases in [2 Peter 1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “by knowing the Lord and Savior Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
124 2PE 2 20 d42g γέγονεν αὐτοῖς τὰ ἔσχατα χείρονα τῶν πρώτων 1 the last state has become worse for them than the first “their condition is worse than it was before”
125 2PE 2 21 pm7b figs-metaphor τὴν ὁδὸν τῆς δικαιοσύνης 1 the way of righteousness Peter speaks of life as a “way” or path. This phrase refers to living a life that is according to God’s will. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
126 2PE 2 21 ic3c figs-metaphor ὑποστρέψαι ἐκ τῆς…ἁγίας ἐντολῆς 1 turn away from the holy commandment Here “turn away from” is a metaphor that means to stop doing something. Alternate translation: “stop obeying the holy commandment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Here **turn away from** is a metaphor that means to stop doing something. Alternate translation: “stop obeying the holy commandment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
127 2PE 2 21 blr5 figs-activepassive τῆς παραδοθείσης αὐτοῖς ἁγίας ἐντολῆς 1 the holy commandment delivered to them This can be stated in active terms. Alternate translation: “the holy commandment that God delivered to them” or “the holy commandment that God made sure that they received” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
128 2PE 2 22 hqr3 συμβέβηκεν αὐτοῖς τὸ τῆς ἀληθοῦς παροιμίας 1 This proverb is true for them “This proverb applies to them” or “This proverb describes them”
129 2PE 2 22 h42r writing-proverbs κύων ἐπιστρέψας ἐπὶ τὸ ἴδιον ἐξέραμα, καί, ὗς λουσαμένη, εἰς κυλισμὸν βορβόρου 1 A dog returns to its own vomit, and a washed pig returns to the mud Peter uses two proverbs to illustrate how the false teachers, although they have known “the way of righteousness,” have turned back to the things that make them morally and spiritually impure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])
133 2PE 3 2 gxj7 figs-activepassive τῶν προειρημένων ῥημάτων, ὑπὸ τῶν ἁγίων προφητῶν 1 the words spoken in the past by the holy prophets This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the words that the holy prophets spoke in the past” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
134 2PE 3 2 yhi7 figs-activepassive τῆς τῶν ἀποστόλων ὑμῶν ἐντολῆς τοῦ Κυρίου καὶ Σωτῆρος 1 the command of our Lord and Savior given through your apostles This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the command of our Lord and Savior, which your apostles gave to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
135 2PE 3 3 lm1a τοῦτο πρῶτον γινώσκοντες 1 Know this first “Know this as the most important thing.” See how you translated this in [2 Peter 1:20](../01/20.md).
136 2PE 3 3 znh2 figs-explicit κατὰ τὰς ἰδίας ἐπιθυμίας αὐτῶν πορευόμενοι 1 proceed according to their own desires Here the word “desires” refers to sinful desires that are opposed to God’s will. Alternate translation: “live according to their own sinful desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Here the word **desires** refers to sinful desires that are opposed to God’s will. Alternate translation: “live according to their own sinful desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
137 2PE 3 3 hl23 πορευόμενοι 1 proceed act, behave
138 2PE 3 4 zrj7 figs-rquestion ποῦ ἐστιν ἡ ἐπαγγελία τῆς παρουσίας αὐτοῦ 1 Where is the promise of his return? The mockers ask this rhetorical question to emphasize that they do not believe that Jesus will return. The word “promise” refers to the fulfillment of the promise that Jesus will return. Alternate translation: “The promise that Jesus would return is not true! He will not return!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
139 2PE 3 4 t6hl figs-euphemism οἱ πατέρες ἐκοιμήθησαν 1 our fathers fell asleep Here “fathers” refers to ancestors who lived long ago. Falling asleep is a euphemism for dying. Alternate translation: “our ancestors died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) Here **fathers** refers to ancestors who lived long ago. Falling asleep is a euphemism for dying. Alternate translation: “our ancestors died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
140 2PE 3 4 c2en figs-hyperbole πάντα οὕτως διαμένει ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς κτίσεως 1 all things have stayed the same, since the beginning of creation The mockers exaggerate with the word “all”, and they argue that since nothing in the world has ever changed, it cannot be true that Jesus will return. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
141 2PE 3 4 yue7 figs-abstractnouns ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς κτίσεως 1 since the beginning of creation This can be translated as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “since God created the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
142 2PE 3 5 mku9 figs-activepassive οὐρανοὶ ἦσαν ἔκπαλαι, καὶ γῆ…συνεστῶσα τῷ τοῦ Θεοῦ λόγῳ 1 the heavens and the earth came to exist…long ago, by God’s command This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God established the heavens and the earth…long ago by his word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
143 2PE 3 5 s77f ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ δι’ ὕδατος συνεστῶσα 1 came to exist out of water and through water This means that God caused the land to come up out of the water, gathering the bodies of water together to make the land appear.
144 2PE 3 6 jh4r δι’ ὧν 1 through these things Here “these things” refers to God’s word and water. Here **these things** refers to God’s word and water.
145 2PE 3 6 nyb7 figs-activepassive ὁ τότε κόσμος ὕδατι κατακλυσθεὶς ἀπώλετο 1 the world of that time was destroyed, being flooded with water This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God flooded the world that existed at that time with water and destroyed it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
146 2PE 3 7 b2in figs-activepassive οἱ…οὐρανοὶ καὶ ἡ γῆ, τῷ αὐτῷ λόγῳ τεθησαυρισμένοι εἰσὶν, πυρὶ 1 the heavens and the earth are reserved for fire by that same command This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God, by that same word, has reserved the heavens and the earth for fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
147 2PE 3 7 e673 τῷ αὐτῷ λόγῳ 1 that same command Here “command” stands for God, who will give the command: AT “God, who will give a similar command” Here **command** stands for God, who will give the command: AT “God, who will give a similar command”
148 2PE 3 7 jl5d figs-activepassive τηρούμενοι εἰς ἡμέραν κρίσεως 1 They are reserved for the day of judgment This can be stated in active form and can begin a new sentence. Alternate translation: “He is reserving them for the day of judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
149 2PE 3 7 y3gg figs-abstractnouns εἰς ἡμέραν κρίσεως καὶ ἀπωλείας τῶν ἀσεβῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 for the day of judgment and the destruction of the ungodly people This can be stated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “for the day when he judges and destroys ungodly people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
150 2PE 3 8 s5cy μὴ λανθανέτω ὑμᾶς 1 It should not escape your notice “You should not fail to understand this” or “Do not ignore this”
165 2PE 3 13 df3v figs-personification ἐν οἷς δικαιοσύνη κατοικεῖ 1 where righteousness will dwell Peter speaks of “righteousness” as if it were a person. This is a metonym for people who are righteous. Alternate translation: “where righteous people will dwell” or “where people will live righteously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
166 2PE 3 14 fj1l figs-activepassive σπουδάσατε ἄσπιλοι καὶ ἀμώμητοι αὐτῷ εὑρεθῆναι ἐν εἰρήνῃ 1 do your best to be found spotless and blameless before him, in peace This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “do your best to live in a way so that God will find you spotless and blameless, and be at peace with him and each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
167 2PE 3 14 s141 figs-doublet ἄσπιλοι καὶ ἀμώμητοι 1 spotless and blameless The words “spotless” and “blameless” mean basically the same thing and emphasize moral purity. Alternate translation: “completely pure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
168 2PE 3 14 byr8 figs-metaphor ἄσπιλοι 1 spotless Here this stands for “faultless.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Here this stands for **faultless**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
169 2PE 3 15 g35u figs-explicit τὴν τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν μακροθυμίαν, σωτηρίαν ἡγεῖσθε 1 consider the patience of our Lord to be salvation Because the Lord is patient, the day of judgment has not yet happened. This gives people an opportunity to repent and be saved, as he explained in [2 Peter 3:9](../03/09.md). Alternate translation: “Also, think about the patience of our Lord as giving you an opportunity to repent and be saved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
170 2PE 3 15 nnd7 figs-activepassive κατὰ τὴν δοθεῖσαν αὐτῷ σοφίαν 1 according to the wisdom that was given to him This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “according to the wisdom that God gave to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
171 2PE 3 16 wil1 ἐν πάσαις ταῖς ἐπιστολαῖς, λαλῶν…περὶ τούτων 1 Paul speaks of these things in all his letters “Paul speaks of the patience of God leading to salvation in all his letters”
176 2PE 3 17 kn3d 0 Connecting Statement: Peter finishes instructing the believers and ends his letter.
177 2PE 3 17 t1gd ὑμεῖς…προγινώσκοντες 1 since you know about these things “These things” refers to the truths about the patience of God and the teachings of these false teachers.
178 2PE 3 17 z54q φυλάσσεσθε 1 guard yourselves “protect yourselves”
179 2PE 3 17 h2ik figs-metaphor ἵνα μὴ τῇ τῶν ἀθέσμων πλάνῃ συναπαχθέντες 1 so that you are not led astray by the deceit of lawless people Here “led astray” is a metaphor for being persuaded to do something wrong. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that lawless people do not deceive you and cause you do something wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) Here **led astray** is a metaphor for being persuaded to do something wrong. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that lawless people do not deceive you and cause you do something wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
180 2PE 3 17 w3sp figs-metaphor ἐκπέσητε τοῦ ἰδίου στηριγμοῦ 1 you lose your own faithfulness Faithfulness is spoken of as if it were a possession that believers could lose. Alternate translation: “you stop being faithful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
181 2PE 3 18 lk3c figs-metaphor αὐξάνετε…ἐν χάριτι, καὶ γνώσει τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν καὶ Σωτῆρος, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ Here growing in the grace and knowledge of the Lord represents experiencing his grace more and knowing him more. The abstract noun “grace” can be expressed with the phrase “act kindly.” Alternate translation: “receive more of the grace of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, and know him more” or “be more aware of how our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ acts kindly toward you, and know him better” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) Here growing in the grace and knowledge of the Lord represents experiencing his grace more and knowing him more. The abstract noun **grace** can be expressed with the phrase “act kindly.” Alternate translation: “receive more of the grace of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, and know him more” or “be more aware of how our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ acts kindly toward you, and know him better” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])