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Corrected "bita-hq" links in Ephesians (#1626) 

Corrected "bita-hq" links in Ephesians

Co-authored-by: Larry Sallee <larry.sallee@unfoldingword.org>
Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/1626
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Larry Sallee 2021-01-15 14:35:10 +00:00
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@ -66,12 +66,12 @@ EPH 1 20 f3dh translate-symaction καθίσας ἐν δεξιᾷ αὐτοῦ
EPH 1 20 jrv1 ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις 1 in the heavenly places “in the supernatural world.” The word **heavenly** refers to the place where God is. See how you translated this in [Ephesians 1:3](../01/03.md).
EPH 1 21 k8k7 figs-doublet ὑπεράνω πάσης ἀρχῆς, καὶ ἐξουσίας, καὶ δυνάμεως, καὶ κυριότητος 1 far above all rule and authority and power and dominion These are all terms for the ranks of supernatural beings, both angelic and demonic. If your language does not have four different terms for rulers or authorities, you can combine them. Alternate translation: “far above all types of supernatural beings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EPH 1 21 ra11 figs-activepassive παντὸς ὀνόματος ὀνομαζομένου 1 every name that is named This can be stated in active form. Possible meaning for alternate translation: (1) “every name that man gives” or (2) “every name that God gives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EPH 1 21 x6qc bita-hq ὀνόματος 1 name Possible meanings are: (1) title or (2) position of authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
EPH 1 21 x6qc ὀνόματος 1 name Possible meanings are: (1) title or (2) position of authority.
EPH 1 21 pym8 ἐν τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ 1 in this age “at this time”
EPH 1 21 qw2x ἐν τῷ μέλλοντι 1 in the age to come “in the future”
EPH 1 22 jm9i figs-metonymy πάντα ὑπέταξεν ὑπὸ τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ 1 all things under Christ’s feet Here, **feet** represents Christ’s lordship, authority, and power. Alternate translation: “all things under Christ’s power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EPH 1 22 pm4t bita-hq κεφαλὴν ὑπὲρ πάντα 1 head over all things Here, **head** is a metaphor that refers to the leader or the one who is in charge. Alternate translation: “ruler over all things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
EPH 1 23 ge2c bita-hq τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ 1 his body Just as the head (verse 22) rules all things pertaining to a human body, so Christ is the head of the church body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
EPH 1 22 pm4t figs-metaphor κεφαλὴν ὑπὲρ πάντα 1 head over all things Here, **head** is a metaphor that refers to the leader or the one who is in charge. Alternate translation: “ruler over all things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 1 23 ge2c figs-metaphor τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ 1 his body Just as the head (verse 22) rules all things pertaining to a human body, so Christ is the head of the church body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 1 23 w2kh τὸ πλήρωμα τοῦ τὰ πάντα ἐν πᾶσιν πληρουμένου 1 the fullness of the one who fills all in all “Christ fills the church with his life and power just as he gives life to all things”
EPH 1 23 x2kh τὸ πλήρωμα 1 the fullness This could have either (1) a passive sense, which would mean that Christ fills or completes the church, or (2) an active sense, which would mean that the church completes Christ (as a body completes a head).
EPH 2 intro e7qn 0 # Ephesians 02 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter focuses on the life that a Christian had before coming to believe in Jesus. Paul then uses this information to explain how a person’s former way of living is distinct from a Christian’s new identity “in Christ.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### One body<br><br>Paul teaches about the church in this chapter. The church is made of two different groups of people (Jews and Gentiles). They are now one group or “body.” The church is also known as the body of Christ. Jews and Gentiles are united in Christ.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### “Dead in trespasses and sins”<br><br>Paul teaches that those who are not Christians are “dead” in their sin. Sin binds or enslaves them. This makes them spiritually “dead.” Paul writes that God makes Christians alive in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/death]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Descriptions of worldly living<br><br>Paul uses many different ways to describe how non-Christians act. They “lived according to the ways of this world” and are “living according to the ruler of the authorities of the air,” “fulfilling the evil desires of our sinful nature,” and “carrying out the desires of the body and of the mind.”<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “It is the gift of God”<br><br>Some scholars believe “it” here refers to being saved. Other scholars believe that it is faith that is the gift of God. Because of how the Greek tenses agree, “it” here probably refers to both things: the gift is that we are saved by God’s grace through faith.<br><br>### Flesh<br><br>“Flesh” is sometimes used as a metaphor for a person’s sinful nature. The phrase “Gentiles in the flesh” indicates the Ephesians once lived without any concern for God. But “flesh” is also used in this verse to refer to the physical person, similar to “body part of man.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]])
@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ EPH 2 15 abcx grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 so that The connecting phrase
EPH 2 15 sr2r figs-metaphor ἕνα καινὸν ἄνθρωπον 1 one new man Paul talks about the unity of Jews and Gentiles as if they had become one person. Alternate translation: “a single new people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 2 15 b628 figs-metaphor ἐν αὑτῷ 1 in himself It is being joined to Christ that makes reconciliation possible between Jews and Gentiles. Paul describes this relationship as though Christ surrounded all of us. Alternate translation: “because he made it possible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 2 16 zz8k ἀποκαταλλάξῃ τοὺς ἀμφοτέρους 1 he might reconcile both “Christ might bring the Jews and the Gentiles together in peace”
EPH 2 16 abc0 bita-hq ἐν ἑνὶ σώματι 1 as one body The church is often pictured as the **body** of Christ, who is its head. Here it is comprised of both Jews and Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
EPH 2 16 abc0 figs-metaphor ἐν ἑνὶ σώματι 1 as one body The church is often pictured as the **body** of Christ, who is its head. Here it is comprised of both Jews and Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 2 16 bj8x figs-metonymy διὰ τοῦ σταυροῦ 1 through the cross **The cross** here represents Christ’s death on the cross. Alternate translation: “by means of Christ’s death on the cross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EPH 2 16 lq3m figs-metaphor ἀποκτείνας τὴν ἔχθραν 1 putting to death the hostility Stopping their hostility is spoken of as if he killed their hostility. By dying on the cross, Jesus eliminated the reason for Jews and Gentiles to be hostile toward each other. Neither are now required to live according to the law of Moses. Alternate translation: “stopping them from hating one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 2 17 vhi8 0 Connecting Statement: Paul tells the Ephesians that Gentile believers are also now just as much a part of God’s people as are Jewish believers. The Jewish apostles and prophets are theirs, as is Christ, and they all form a temple for God in the Spirit.
@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ EPH 3 3 qm6m καθὼς προέγραψα ἐν ὀλίγῳ 1 about which I
EPH 3 5 srn9 figs-activepassive ὃ ἑτέραις γενεαῖς οὐκ ἐγνωρίσθη τοῖς υἱοῖς τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 which in other generations was not made known to the sons of men This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God did not make these things known to people in the past” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EPH 3 5 eq5u figs-activepassive ὡς νῦν ἀπεκαλύφθη…ἐν Πνεύματι 1 as it now has been revealed by the Spirit This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but now the Spirit has revealed it” or “but now the Spirit has made it known” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EPH 3 6 pqy3 εἶναι τὰ ἔθνη, συνκληρονόμα…διὰ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου 1 that the Gentiles are fellow heirs…through the gospel This is the hidden truth that Paul began to explain in the previous verse. The Gentiles who receive Christ also receive everything that the Jewish believers receive from God.
EPH 3 6 y88q bita-hq σύνσωμα 1 fellow members of the body The church is often referred to as the body of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
EPH 3 6 y88q σύνσωμα 1 fellow members of the body The church is often referred to as the body of Christ.
EPH 3 6 wxs4 ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 in Christ Jesus **In Christ Jesus** and similar expressions are metaphors that frequently occur in the New Testament letters. They express the strongest kind of relationship possible between Christ and those who believe in him.
EPH 3 6 i4h7 διὰ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου 1 through the gospel Possible meanings are (1) because of the gospel, the Gentiles are fellow sharers in the promise or (2) because of the gospel, the Gentiles are fellow heirs and members of the body and fellow sharers in the promise.
EPH 3 8 y97f figs-metaphor ἀνεξιχνίαστον 1 unsearchable Paul speaks of everything that Christ offers as something so physically vast that it cannot be fully explored. Alternate Translation: “unable to be completely known” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ EPH 3 16 z9q5 δῷ ὑμῖν κατὰ τὸ πλοῦτος τῆς δόξη
EPH 3 16 rgf5 δῷ 1 would grant “would give”
EPH 3 17 n87p 0 Connecting Statement: Paul continues the prayer he began in [Ephesians 3:14](../03/14.md).
EPH 3 17 wg1v κατοικῆσαι τὸν Χριστὸν διὰ τῆς πίστεως ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν ἐν ἀγάπῃ, ἐρριζωμένοι καὶ τεθεμελιωμένοι 1 that Christ may live in your hearts through faith, being rooted and grounded in love This is the second item for which Paul prays that God will **grant** the Ephesians **according to the riches of his glory.** The first is that they would **be strengthened** ([Ephesians 3:16](../03/16.md)).
EPH 3 17 q6yy bita-hq κατοικῆσαι τὸν Χριστὸν διὰ τῆς πίστεως ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν 1 being rooted and grounded in love Here, **heart** represents a person’s inner being, and **through** expresses the means by which Christ lives within the believer. Christ lives in the hearts of believers because God graciously allows them to have faith. Alternate translation: “that Christ may live within you because you trust in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
EPH 3 17 q6yy figs-metaphor κατοικῆσαι τὸν Χριστὸν διὰ τῆς πίστεως ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν 1 being rooted and grounded in love Here, **heart** represents a person’s inner being, and **through** expresses the means by which Christ lives within the believer. Christ lives in the hearts of believers because God graciously allows them to have faith. Alternate translation: “that Christ may live within you because you trust in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 3 17 g4g1 figs-metaphor ἐν ἀγάπῃ, ἐρριζωμένοι καὶ τεθεμελιωμένοι 1 being rooted and grounded in love Paul speaks of their faith as if it were a tree that has deep roots or a house built on a solid foundation. Alternate translation: “you will be like a firmly rooted tree and a building built on stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 3 18 abd8 grammar-connect-logic-result ἵνα 1 so that The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that Christ would live in their hearts. The result is that the Ephesian believers would fully know the love of God and be filled with God’s fullness. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 3 18 bkk6 καταλαβέσθαι 1 so you can understand This is the third item for which Paul bends his knees and prays; the first is that God will grant that they be strengthened ([Ephesians 3:16](../03/16.md)) and the second is that Christ may live in their hearts through faith ([Ephesians 3:17](../03/17.md)).
@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ EPH 4 1 abc5 τῆς κλήσεως ἧς ἐκλήθητε 1 of the calling by
EPH 4 2 zs6s figs-abstractnouns μετὰ πάσης ταπεινοφροσύνης καὶ πραΰτητος 1 with all humility and gentleness, with patience **Humility**, **gentleness**, and **patience** are abstract nouns. Alternate Translation: “to learn to be humble, gentle, and patient” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 3 pi5c figs-metaphor τηρεῖν τὴν ἑνότητα τοῦ Πνεύματος ἐν τῷ συνδέσμῳ τῆς εἰρήνης 1 to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace Here Paul speaks of **peace** as if it were a bond that ties people together. This is a metaphor for being united with other people by living peacefully with them. Alternate translation: “to live peacefully with one another and remain united as the Spirit made possible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 4 3 ab5c figs-abstractnouns τηρεῖν τὴν ἑνότητα τοῦ Πνεύματος ἐν τῷ συνδέσμῳ τῆς εἰρήνης 1 to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace **Unity** and **peace** are abstract nouns. Alternate translation: “to live peacefully with one another and remain united as the Spirit made possible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 4 x5kv bita-hq ἓν σῶμα 1 one body The church is often referred to as the body of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
EPH 4 4 x5kv ἓν σῶμα 1 one body The church is often referred to as the body of Christ.
EPH 4 4 y6ep ἓν Πνεῦμα 1 one Spirit “only one Holy Spirit”
EPH 4 4 b9mr figs-activepassive ἐκλήθητε ἐν μιᾷ ἐλπίδι τῆς κλήσεως ὑμῶν 1 you were called in one certain hope of your calling This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God called you to have one confident hope in your calling” or “there is one thing that God also chose you to be confident in and expect him to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EPH 4 6 bz5i Πατὴρ πάντων…ἐπὶ πάντων…διὰ πάντων…ἐν πᾶσιν 1 Father of all…over all…through all…and in all The word **all** here means **everything**.
@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ EPH 4 12 jx12 πρὸς τὸν καταρτισμὸν τῶν ἁγίων 1 f
EPH 4 12 y9gd εἰς ἔργον διακονίας 1 for the work of serving “so that they can serve others”
EPH 4 12 n33m figs-metaphor εἰς οἰκοδομὴν τοῦ σώματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 for the building up of the body of Christ Paul is speaking of people who grow spiritually as if they were doing exercises to increase the strength of their physical bodies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 4 12 pdh4 οἰκοδομὴν 1 building up “improvement”
EPH 4 12 x5gd bita-hq σώματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 body of Christ The **body of Christ** refers to all of the members of Christ’s Church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
EPH 4 12 x5gd σώματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 body of Christ The **body of Christ** refers to all of the members of Christ’s Church.
EPH 4 13 w1ik καταντήσωμεν…εἰς τὴν ἑνότητα τῆς πίστεως, καὶ τῆς ἐπιγνώσεως τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 reach to the unity of the faith and the knowledge of the Son of God The believers need to know Jesus as the Son of God if they are to be united in faith and mature as believers.
EPH 4 13 er6a figs-abstractnouns καταντήσωμεν οἱ πάντες εἰς τὴν ἑνότητα τῆς πίστεως 1 we all reach to the unity of the faith **Unity** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “we all become equally strong in faith” or “we all become united together in faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 13 ab6a figs-abstractnouns καταντήσωμεν…εἰς τὴν ἑνότητα τῆς πίστεως 1 reach to the unity of the faith **Faith** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “become united together as believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -253,11 +253,11 @@ EPH 4 14 r3bj figs-abstractnouns ἐν τῇ κυβίᾳ τῶν ἀνθρώπω
EPH 4 15 abdd grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Instead The connecting word **Instead** introduces a contrast relationship. Following every changing teaching is in contrast to becoming mature in Christ and building up his body. Use a word in your language that indicates contrast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 4 15 ab88 figs-abstractnouns ἀληθεύοντες 1 speaking the truth **Truth** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “speaking truthfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 15 i2ff figs-abstractnouns ἐν ἀγάπῃ 1 in love **Love** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “as the members love one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 15 zw32 bita-hq εἰς αὐτὸν…ὅς ἐστιν ἡ κεφαλή 1 into him who is the head Paul uses a metaphor of the human body to describe how Christ causes believers to work together in harmony as the head of a body causes the body parts to work together to grow in a healthy way. See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
EPH 4 16 ll7f bita-hq ἐξ οὗ πᾶν τὸ σῶμα…τὴν αὔξησιν τοῦ σώματος ποιεῖται 1 from whom the whole body…causes the growth of the body Paul continues the metaphor of the believers as a human body with Christ as the head to describe how Christ causes believers to work together in harmony as the head of a body causes the body parts to work together to grow in a healthy way. See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
EPH 4 15 zw32 figs-metaphor εἰς αὐτὸν…ὅς ἐστιν ἡ κεφαλή 1 into him who is the head Paul uses a metaphor of the human body to describe how Christ causes believers to work together in harmony as the head of a body causes the body parts to work together to grow in a healthy way. See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 4 16 ll7f figs-metaphor ἐξ οὗ πᾶν τὸ σῶμα…τὴν αὔξησιν τοῦ σώματος ποιεῖται 1 from whom the whole body…causes the growth of the body Paul continues the metaphor of the believers as a human body with Christ as the head to describe how Christ causes believers to work together in harmony as the head of a body causes the body parts to work together to grow in a healthy way. See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 4 16 ab7f grammar-connect-logic-goal εἰς οἰκοδομὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἐν ἀγάπῃ 1 for building up itself in love **For** indicates a purpose clause. The purpose of all of the believers working together in harmony, as the members of a human body do, is so that all believers will grow in our ability to love each other and to love God. Use a word in your language that marks this as a purpose clause. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
EPH 4 16 abff figs-abstractnouns ἐν ἀγάπῃ 1 in love **Love** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “as the members love one another” or “to be able to love each other more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 16 l5r6 bita-hq διὰ πάσης ἁφῆς τῆς ἐπιχορηγίας 1 by every supporting ligament Paul continues the metaphor comparing the believers to a human body. A **ligament** is a strong band that connects bones or holds organs in place in the body. Just as the body is held together by strong ligaments, so the believers are held together by love that grows stronger as the body parts grow and work together. See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
EPH 4 16 l5r6 figs-metaphor διὰ πάσης ἁφῆς τῆς ἐπιχορηγίας 1 by every supporting ligament Paul continues the metaphor comparing the believers to a human body. A **ligament** is a strong band that connects bones or holds organs in place in the body. Just as the body is held together by strong ligaments, so the believers are held together by love that grows stronger as the body parts grow and work together. See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 4 17 n5cy 0 Connecting Statement: Paul tells them what they should no longer do now that they, as believers, are sealed by the Holy Spirit of God.
EPH 4 17 abde grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that Christ wants every believer to become spiritually mature and to serve the other believers. The result is that the Ephesian believers should no longer act as the Gentiles act. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 4 17 ksr8 τοῦτο οὖν λέγω καὶ μαρτύρομαι 1 Therefore, I say this and strongly urge you “Because of what I have just said, I will now say something more in order to strongly encourage you”
@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ EPH 4 25 abdi grammar-connect-logic-result διὸ 1 Therefore The connecting wo
EPH 4 25 abn8 figs-metaphor ἀποθέμενοι τὸ ψεῦδος 1 putting aside lying Paul speaks of telling lies as if they were objects that the believers could set aside. Alternate translation: “no longer telling lies” or “instead of telling lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 4 25 ab23 figs-abstractnouns λαλεῖτε ἀλήθειαν 1 speak truth **Truth** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “speak truthfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 25 abdj grammar-connect-logic-result ὅτι 1 because The connecting word **because** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that believers are members of the same body of Christ. The result is that believers should speak the truth to each other. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 4 25 zh2g bita-hq ἐσμὲν ἀλλήλων μέλη 1 we are members of one another Here Paul speaks of the close union of believers with each other as if they were each part of one single body. Alternate translation: “we belong to one another” or “we are all members of God’s family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
EPH 4 25 zh2g figs-metaphor ἐσμὲν ἀλλήλων μέλη 1 we are members of one another Here Paul speaks of the close union of believers with each other as if they were each part of one single body. Alternate translation: “we belong to one another” or “we are all members of God’s family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 4 26 w8rw ὀργίζεσθε, καὶ μὴ ἁμαρτάνετε 1 Be angry and do not sin “You may get angry, but do not sin” or “If you become angry, do not sin”
EPH 4 26 ki7p figs-metonymy ὁ ἥλιος μὴ ἐπιδυέτω ἐπὶ παροργισμῷ ὑμῶν 1 Do not let the sun go down on your indignation The sun going down represents nightfall or the end of the day. Alternate translation: “you must stop being angry before night comes” or “let go of your anger before the day ends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EPH 4 27 w71s μηδὲ δίδοτε τόπον τῷ διαβόλῳ 1 nor give an opportunity to the devil “and do not give the devil an opportunity to lead you into sin”
@ -369,13 +369,13 @@ EPH 5 19 egk6 figs-merism ψαλμοῖς, καὶ ὕμνοις, καὶ ᾠδ
EPH 5 19 n5jj ψαλμοῖς 1 psalms These are probably songs from the Old Testament book of Psalms that Christians sang.
EPH 5 19 g5ss ὕμνοις 1 hymns These are songs of praise and worship that may have been written specifically for Christians to sing.
EPH 5 19 v9ay figs-doublet ᾠδαῖς πνευματικαῖς 1 spiritual songs Possible meanings are: (1) these are songs that the Holy Spirit inspires a person to sing right at that moment or (2) **spiritual songs** and **hymns** form a doublet. They mean basically the same thing, and you could use one word for these instead of two. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EPH 5 19 v3ql bita-hq τῇ καρδίᾳ ὑμῶν 1 in your heart Here, **heart** is a metonym for a person’s thoughts or inner being. The phrase **in your heart** can mean either to do this: (1) with true motives and sincerity, Alternate translation: “from deep within your being” or “sincerely” or, (2) with enthusiasm, Alternate translation: “with all of your being” or “enthusiastically” See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
EPH 5 20 e6w5 bita-hq ἐν ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ Here, **name** may represent (1) Jesus himself, Alternate translation: “because you belong to our Lord Jesus Christ” or (2) the authority of Jesus, Alternate translation: “with the authority of our Lord Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
EPH 5 19 v3ql figs-metonym τῇ καρδίᾳ ὑμῶν 1 in your heart Here, **heart** is a metonym for a person’s thoughts or inner being. The phrase **in your heart** can mean either to do this: (1) with true motives and sincerity, Alternate translation: “from deep within your being” or “sincerely” or, (2) with enthusiasm, Alternate translation: “with all of your being” or “enthusiastically” See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonym]])
EPH 5 20 e6w5 figs-metaphor ἐν ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ Here, **name** may represent (1) Jesus himself, Alternate translation: “because you belong to our Lord Jesus Christ” or (2) the authority of Jesus, Alternate translation: “with the authority of our Lord Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 5 20 abw5 τῷ Θεῷ καὶ Πατρί 1 to God the Father “to God, who is our father”
EPH 5 22 isd7 0 Connecting Statement: Paul begins to explain how Christians are to submit themselves to one another ([Ephesians 5:21](../05/21.md)). He starts with instructions to wives and husbands on how they should act toward each other.
EPH 5 23 abe7 grammar-connect-logic-result ὅτι 1 For The connecting word **For** introduces the reason of a reason-result relationship. The reason is that the husband is head of the wife in the same way Christ is head of the church. The result is that wives should submit to their husbands. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 5 23 x637 bita-hq κεφαλὴ τῆς γυναικὸς…κεφαλὴ τῆς ἐκκλησίας 1 the head of the wife…the head of the church The word **head** here represents the leader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
EPH 5 23 abc1 bita-hq τοῦ σώματος 1 the body The church is often referred to as the body of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
EPH 5 23 x637 figs-metaphor κεφαλὴ τῆς γυναικὸς…κεφαλὴ τῆς ἐκκλησίας 1 the head of the wife…the head of the church The word **head** here represents the leader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 5 23 abc1 τοῦ σώματος 1 the body The church is often referred to as the body of Christ.
EPH 5 25 sx8d 0 General Information: Here the words **himself** and **he** refer to Christ. The word **her** refers to the church.
EPH 5 25 sm9e ἀγαπᾶτε τὰς γυναῖκας 1 love your wives Here, **love** means that the husband unselfishly does what is best for the wife, unselfishly serving or giving to his wife.
EPH 5 25 i24y ἑαυτὸν παρέδωκεν 1 gave himself up “allowed people to kill him”
@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ EPH 5 28 wp8b figs-explicit ὡς τὰ ἑαυτῶν σώματα 1 as their o
EPH 5 29 h5aa ἀλλὰ ἐκτρέφει 1 but he nourishes “but he feeds”
EPH 5 29 abed grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ 1 but The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. Hating one’s own body is in contrast to caring for it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 5 30 abee grammar-connect-logic-result ὅτι 1 because The connecting word **because** introduces the reason of a reason-result relationship. The reason is that the church is Christ’s body. The result is that Christ cares for the church. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 5 30 h44f bita-hq μέλη ἐσμὲν τοῦ σώματος αὐτοῦ 1 we are members of his body Here Paul speaks of the close union of believers with Christ as if they were part of his own body, for which he would naturally care. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
EPH 5 30 h44f figs-metaphor μέλη ἐσμὲν τοῦ σώματος αὐτοῦ 1 we are members of his body Here Paul speaks of the close union of believers with Christ as if they were part of his own body, for which he would naturally care. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 5 31 yp23 0 General Information: The quotation is from the writings of Moses in the Old Testament.
EPH 5 31 yp24 0 General Information: The words **his** and **himself** refer to a male believer who marries.
EPH 5 31 abef grammar-connect-logic-result ἀντὶ τούτου 1 For this reason The connecting phrase **For this reason** introduces the result of a reason-result relationship. In this case, this phrase is part of a quotation from Genesis 2:24 and so the reason is not stated here, but it is stated in Genesis 2:23 that woman was created out of man. The result is that a man will leave his father and mother and be joined to his wife. If it is confusing to not state the reason, you can include a footnote that says, “the reason for this is that woman was created out of man. See Genesis 2:23” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ EPH 6 4 abei grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ 1 Instead The connecting
EPH 6 4 ytg5 figs-abstractnouns ἐκτρέφετε αὐτὰ ἐν παιδείᾳ καὶ νουθεσίᾳ Κυρίου 1 raise them in the discipline and instruction of the Lord The abstract nouns **discipline** and **instruction** can be expressed as verbs. Alternate translation: “teach them to become adults by making sure that they know and do what the Lord wants them to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 6 5 s1pq figs-doublet φόβου καὶ τρόμου 1 fear and trembling The phrase **fear and trembling** uses two similar ideas to emphasize the importance of honoring their masters. Alternate translation: “with deep respect” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EPH 6 5 z6xx figs-hyperbole καὶ τρόμου 1 and trembling Here, **trembling** is an exaggeration used to emphasize how important it is that slaves obey their masters. Alternate translation: “and deep respect” or “as though you were shaking with fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
EPH 6 5 pd6z bita-hq ἐν ἁπλότητι τῆς καρδίας ὑμῶν 1 in honesty of your heart Here, **heart** is a metonym for a person’s mind or intentions. Alternate translation: “with honesty” or “with sincerity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
EPH 6 5 pd6z figs-metonym ἐν ἁπλότητι τῆς καρδίας ὑμῶν 1 in honesty of your heart Here, **heart** is a metonym for a person’s mind or intentions. Alternate translation: “with honesty” or “with sincerity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonym]])
EPH 6 5 ab6z figs-abstractnouns ἐν ἁπλότητι 1 in honesty **Honesty** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “honestly” or “sincerely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 6 5 cd6z figs-explicit ὡς τῷ Χριστῷ 1 as to Christ To make this clear, you may want to include the verb here: “as you obey Christ.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EPH 6 6 abej grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλ’ 1 but The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. Obeying our masters as men-pleasers is in contrast to obeying them because we are slaves of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ EPH 6 20 cdep figs-pronouns ἐν αὐτῷ 1 in it **It** refers back to the *
EPH 6 21 aber grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 so that The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a goal relationship. The goal or purpose of Paul sending Tychicus to Ephesus was to tell the Ephesian believers what was happening to Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
EPH 6 21 cxs9 translate-names Τυχικὸς 1 Tychicus Tychicus was one of several men who served with Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EPH 6 21 abc2 figs-metaphor ἀδελφὸς 1 brother Paul speaks of Tychicus as if he were a brother to all the other believers who were in God’s spiritual family. Alternate translation: “fellow believer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 6 22 nv5m bita-hq παρακαλέσῃ τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν 1 your hearts may be encouraged Here, **hearts** is a metonym for people’s inner beings. Alternate translation: “he may encourage you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
EPH 6 22 nv5m figs-metonym παρακαλέσῃ τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν 1 your hearts may be encouraged Here, **hearts** is a metonym for people’s inner beings. Alternate translation: “he may encourage you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonym]])
EPH 6 22 abes grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 so that The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a goal relationship. The goal or purpose of Paul sending Tychicus to the Ephesians is to encourage their hearts and to let them know what was happening to Paul and his companions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
EPH 6 23 j395 0 Connecting Statement: Paul closes his letter to the Ephesian believers with a blessing of peace and grace on all believers who love Christ.
EPH 6 23 ab33 figs-abstractnouns εἰρήνη 1 peace **Peace** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “a peaceful spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
66 EPH 1 20 jrv1 ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις 1 in the heavenly places “in the supernatural world.” The word **heavenly** refers to the place where God is. See how you translated this in [Ephesians 1:3](../01/03.md).
67 EPH 1 21 k8k7 figs-doublet ὑπεράνω πάσης ἀρχῆς, καὶ ἐξουσίας, καὶ δυνάμεως, καὶ κυριότητος 1 far above all rule and authority and power and dominion These are all terms for the ranks of supernatural beings, both angelic and demonic. If your language does not have four different terms for rulers or authorities, you can combine them. Alternate translation: “far above all types of supernatural beings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
68 EPH 1 21 ra11 figs-activepassive παντὸς ὀνόματος ὀνομαζομένου 1 every name that is named This can be stated in active form. Possible meaning for alternate translation: (1) “every name that man gives” or (2) “every name that God gives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
69 EPH 1 21 x6qc bita-hq ὀνόματος 1 name Possible meanings are: (1) title or (2) position of authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]]) Possible meanings are: (1) title or (2) position of authority.
70 EPH 1 21 pym8 ἐν τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ 1 in this age “at this time”
71 EPH 1 21 qw2x ἐν τῷ μέλλοντι 1 in the age to come “in the future”
72 EPH 1 22 jm9i figs-metonymy πάντα ὑπέταξεν ὑπὸ τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ 1 all things under Christ’s feet Here, **feet** represents Christ’s lordship, authority, and power. Alternate translation: “all things under Christ’s power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
73 EPH 1 22 pm4t bita-hq figs-metaphor κεφαλὴν ὑπὲρ πάντα 1 head over all things Here, **head** is a metaphor that refers to the leader or the one who is in charge. Alternate translation: “ruler over all things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]]) Here, **head** is a metaphor that refers to the leader or the one who is in charge. Alternate translation: “ruler over all things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
74 EPH 1 23 ge2c bita-hq figs-metaphor τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ 1 his body Just as the head (verse 22) rules all things pertaining to a human body, so Christ is the head of the church body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]]) Just as the head (verse 22) rules all things pertaining to a human body, so Christ is the head of the church body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
75 EPH 1 23 w2kh τὸ πλήρωμα τοῦ τὰ πάντα ἐν πᾶσιν πληρουμένου 1 the fullness of the one who fills all in all “Christ fills the church with his life and power just as he gives life to all things”
76 EPH 1 23 x2kh τὸ πλήρωμα 1 the fullness This could have either (1) a passive sense, which would mean that Christ fills or completes the church, or (2) an active sense, which would mean that the church completes Christ (as a body completes a head).
77 EPH 2 intro e7qn 0 # Ephesians 02 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter focuses on the life that a Christian had before coming to believe in Jesus. Paul then uses this information to explain how a person’s former way of living is distinct from a Christian’s new identity “in Christ.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### One body<br><br>Paul teaches about the church in this chapter. The church is made of two different groups of people (Jews and Gentiles). They are now one group or “body.” The church is also known as the body of Christ. Jews and Gentiles are united in Christ.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### “Dead in trespasses and sins”<br><br>Paul teaches that those who are not Christians are “dead” in their sin. Sin binds or enslaves them. This makes them spiritually “dead.” Paul writes that God makes Christians alive in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/death]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Descriptions of worldly living<br><br>Paul uses many different ways to describe how non-Christians act. They “lived according to the ways of this world” and are “living according to the ruler of the authorities of the air,” “fulfilling the evil desires of our sinful nature,” and “carrying out the desires of the body and of the mind.”<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “It is the gift of God”<br><br>Some scholars believe “it” here refers to being saved. Other scholars believe that it is faith that is the gift of God. Because of how the Greek tenses agree, “it” here probably refers to both things: the gift is that we are saved by God’s grace through faith.<br><br>### Flesh<br><br>“Flesh” is sometimes used as a metaphor for a person’s sinful nature. The phrase “Gentiles in the flesh” indicates the Ephesians once lived without any concern for God. But “flesh” is also used in this verse to refer to the physical person, similar to “body part of man.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]])
132 EPH 2 15 sr2r figs-metaphor ἕνα καινὸν ἄνθρωπον 1 one new man Paul talks about the unity of Jews and Gentiles as if they had become one person. Alternate translation: “a single new people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
133 EPH 2 15 b628 figs-metaphor ἐν αὑτῷ 1 in himself It is being joined to Christ that makes reconciliation possible between Jews and Gentiles. Paul describes this relationship as though Christ surrounded all of us. Alternate translation: “because he made it possible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
134 EPH 2 16 zz8k ἀποκαταλλάξῃ τοὺς ἀμφοτέρους 1 he might reconcile both “Christ might bring the Jews and the Gentiles together in peace”
135 EPH 2 16 abc0 bita-hq figs-metaphor ἐν ἑνὶ σώματι 1 as one body The church is often pictured as the **body** of Christ, who is its head. Here it is comprised of both Jews and Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]]) The church is often pictured as the **body** of Christ, who is its head. Here it is comprised of both Jews and Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
136 EPH 2 16 bj8x figs-metonymy διὰ τοῦ σταυροῦ 1 through the cross **The cross** here represents Christ’s death on the cross. Alternate translation: “by means of Christ’s death on the cross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
137 EPH 2 16 lq3m figs-metaphor ἀποκτείνας τὴν ἔχθραν 1 putting to death the hostility Stopping their hostility is spoken of as if he killed their hostility. By dying on the cross, Jesus eliminated the reason for Jews and Gentiles to be hostile toward each other. Neither are now required to live according to the law of Moses. Alternate translation: “stopping them from hating one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
138 EPH 2 17 vhi8 0 Connecting Statement: Paul tells the Ephesians that Gentile believers are also now just as much a part of God’s people as are Jewish believers. The Jewish apostles and prophets are theirs, as is Christ, and they all form a temple for God in the Spirit.
164 EPH 3 5 srn9 figs-activepassive ὃ ἑτέραις γενεαῖς οὐκ ἐγνωρίσθη τοῖς υἱοῖς τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1 which in other generations was not made known to the sons of men This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God did not make these things known to people in the past” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
165 EPH 3 5 eq5u figs-activepassive ὡς νῦν ἀπεκαλύφθη…ἐν Πνεύματι 1 as it now has been revealed by the Spirit This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but now the Spirit has revealed it” or “but now the Spirit has made it known” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
166 EPH 3 6 pqy3 εἶναι τὰ ἔθνη, συνκληρονόμα…διὰ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου 1 that the Gentiles are fellow heirs…through the gospel This is the hidden truth that Paul began to explain in the previous verse. The Gentiles who receive Christ also receive everything that the Jewish believers receive from God.
167 EPH 3 6 y88q bita-hq σύνσωμα 1 fellow members of the body The church is often referred to as the body of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]]) The church is often referred to as the body of Christ.
168 EPH 3 6 wxs4 ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 in Christ Jesus **In Christ Jesus** and similar expressions are metaphors that frequently occur in the New Testament letters. They express the strongest kind of relationship possible between Christ and those who believe in him.
169 EPH 3 6 i4h7 διὰ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου 1 through the gospel Possible meanings are (1) because of the gospel, the Gentiles are fellow sharers in the promise or (2) because of the gospel, the Gentiles are fellow heirs and members of the body and fellow sharers in the promise.
170 EPH 3 8 y97f figs-metaphor ἀνεξιχνίαστον 1 unsearchable Paul speaks of everything that Christ offers as something so physically vast that it cannot be fully explored. Alternate Translation: “unable to be completely known” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
192 EPH 3 16 rgf5 δῷ 1 would grant “would give”
193 EPH 3 17 n87p 0 Connecting Statement: Paul continues the prayer he began in [Ephesians 3:14](../03/14.md).
194 EPH 3 17 wg1v κατοικῆσαι τὸν Χριστὸν διὰ τῆς πίστεως ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν ἐν ἀγάπῃ, ἐρριζωμένοι καὶ τεθεμελιωμένοι 1 that Christ may live in your hearts through faith, being rooted and grounded in love This is the second item for which Paul prays that God will **grant** the Ephesians **according to the riches of his glory.** The first is that they would **be strengthened** ([Ephesians 3:16](../03/16.md)).
195 EPH 3 17 q6yy bita-hq figs-metaphor κατοικῆσαι τὸν Χριστὸν διὰ τῆς πίστεως ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν 1 being rooted and grounded in love Here, **heart** represents a person’s inner being, and **through** expresses the means by which Christ lives within the believer. Christ lives in the hearts of believers because God graciously allows them to have faith. Alternate translation: “that Christ may live within you because you trust in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]]) Here, **heart** represents a person’s inner being, and **through** expresses the means by which Christ lives within the believer. Christ lives in the hearts of believers because God graciously allows them to have faith. Alternate translation: “that Christ may live within you because you trust in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
196 EPH 3 17 g4g1 figs-metaphor ἐν ἀγάπῃ, ἐρριζωμένοι καὶ τεθεμελιωμένοι 1 being rooted and grounded in love Paul speaks of their faith as if it were a tree that has deep roots or a house built on a solid foundation. Alternate translation: “you will be like a firmly rooted tree and a building built on stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
197 EPH 3 18 abd8 grammar-connect-logic-result ἵνα 1 so that The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that Christ would live in their hearts. The result is that the Ephesian believers would fully know the love of God and be filled with God’s fullness. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
198 EPH 3 18 bkk6 καταλαβέσθαι 1 so you can understand This is the third item for which Paul bends his knees and prays; the first is that God will grant that they be strengthened ([Ephesians 3:16](../03/16.md)) and the second is that Christ may live in their hearts through faith ([Ephesians 3:17](../03/17.md)).
219 EPH 4 2 zs6s figs-abstractnouns μετὰ πάσης ταπεινοφροσύνης καὶ πραΰτητος 1 with all humility and gentleness, with patience **Humility**, **gentleness**, and **patience** are abstract nouns. Alternate Translation: “to learn to be humble, gentle, and patient” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
220 EPH 4 3 pi5c figs-metaphor τηρεῖν τὴν ἑνότητα τοῦ Πνεύματος ἐν τῷ συνδέσμῳ τῆς εἰρήνης 1 to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace Here Paul speaks of **peace** as if it were a bond that ties people together. This is a metaphor for being united with other people by living peacefully with them. Alternate translation: “to live peacefully with one another and remain united as the Spirit made possible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
221 EPH 4 3 ab5c figs-abstractnouns τηρεῖν τὴν ἑνότητα τοῦ Πνεύματος ἐν τῷ συνδέσμῳ τῆς εἰρήνης 1 to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace **Unity** and **peace** are abstract nouns. Alternate translation: “to live peacefully with one another and remain united as the Spirit made possible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
222 EPH 4 4 x5kv bita-hq ἓν σῶμα 1 one body The church is often referred to as the body of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]]) The church is often referred to as the body of Christ.
223 EPH 4 4 y6ep ἓν Πνεῦμα 1 one Spirit “only one Holy Spirit”
224 EPH 4 4 b9mr figs-activepassive ἐκλήθητε ἐν μιᾷ ἐλπίδι τῆς κλήσεως ὑμῶν 1 you were called in one certain hope of your calling This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God called you to have one confident hope in your calling” or “there is one thing that God also chose you to be confident in and expect him to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
225 EPH 4 6 bz5i Πατὴρ πάντων…ἐπὶ πάντων…διὰ πάντων…ἐν πᾶσιν 1 Father of all…over all…through all…and in all The word **all** here means **everything**.
238 EPH 4 12 y9gd εἰς ἔργον διακονίας 1 for the work of serving “so that they can serve others”
239 EPH 4 12 n33m figs-metaphor εἰς οἰκοδομὴν τοῦ σώματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 for the building up of the body of Christ Paul is speaking of people who grow spiritually as if they were doing exercises to increase the strength of their physical bodies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
240 EPH 4 12 pdh4 οἰκοδομὴν 1 building up “improvement”
241 EPH 4 12 x5gd bita-hq σώματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 body of Christ The **body of Christ** refers to all of the members of Christ’s Church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]]) The **body of Christ** refers to all of the members of Christ’s Church.
242 EPH 4 13 w1ik καταντήσωμεν…εἰς τὴν ἑνότητα τῆς πίστεως, καὶ τῆς ἐπιγνώσεως τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 reach to the unity of the faith and the knowledge of the Son of God The believers need to know Jesus as the Son of God if they are to be united in faith and mature as believers.
243 EPH 4 13 er6a figs-abstractnouns καταντήσωμεν οἱ πάντες εἰς τὴν ἑνότητα τῆς πίστεως 1 we all reach to the unity of the faith **Unity** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “we all become equally strong in faith” or “we all become united together in faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
244 EPH 4 13 ab6a figs-abstractnouns καταντήσωμεν…εἰς τὴν ἑνότητα τῆς πίστεως 1 reach to the unity of the faith **Faith** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “become united together as believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
253 EPH 4 15 abdd grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Instead The connecting word **Instead** introduces a contrast relationship. Following every changing teaching is in contrast to becoming mature in Christ and building up his body. Use a word in your language that indicates contrast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
254 EPH 4 15 ab88 figs-abstractnouns ἀληθεύοντες 1 speaking the truth **Truth** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “speaking truthfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
255 EPH 4 15 i2ff figs-abstractnouns ἐν ἀγάπῃ 1 in love **Love** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “as the members love one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
256 EPH 4 15 zw32 bita-hq figs-metaphor εἰς αὐτὸν…ὅς ἐστιν ἡ κεφαλή 1 into him who is the head Paul uses a metaphor of the human body to describe how Christ causes believers to work together in harmony as the head of a body causes the body parts to work together to grow in a healthy way. See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]]) Paul uses a metaphor of the human body to describe how Christ causes believers to work together in harmony as the head of a body causes the body parts to work together to grow in a healthy way. See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
257 EPH 4 16 ll7f bita-hq figs-metaphor ἐξ οὗ πᾶν τὸ σῶμα…τὴν αὔξησιν τοῦ σώματος ποιεῖται 1 from whom the whole body…causes the growth of the body Paul continues the metaphor of the believers as a human body with Christ as the head to describe how Christ causes believers to work together in harmony as the head of a body causes the body parts to work together to grow in a healthy way. See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]]) Paul continues the metaphor of the believers as a human body with Christ as the head to describe how Christ causes believers to work together in harmony as the head of a body causes the body parts to work together to grow in a healthy way. See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
258 EPH 4 16 ab7f grammar-connect-logic-goal εἰς οἰκοδομὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἐν ἀγάπῃ 1 for building up itself in love **For** indicates a purpose clause. The purpose of all of the believers working together in harmony, as the members of a human body do, is so that all believers will grow in our ability to love each other and to love God. Use a word in your language that marks this as a purpose clause. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
259 EPH 4 16 abff figs-abstractnouns ἐν ἀγάπῃ 1 in love **Love** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “as the members love one another” or “to be able to love each other more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
260 EPH 4 16 l5r6 bita-hq figs-metaphor διὰ πάσης ἁφῆς τῆς ἐπιχορηγίας 1 by every supporting ligament Paul continues the metaphor comparing the believers to a human body. A **ligament** is a strong band that connects bones or holds organs in place in the body. Just as the body is held together by strong ligaments, so the believers are held together by love that grows stronger as the body parts grow and work together. See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]]) Paul continues the metaphor comparing the believers to a human body. A **ligament** is a strong band that connects bones or holds organs in place in the body. Just as the body is held together by strong ligaments, so the believers are held together by love that grows stronger as the body parts grow and work together. See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
261 EPH 4 17 n5cy 0 Connecting Statement: Paul tells them what they should no longer do now that they, as believers, are sealed by the Holy Spirit of God.
262 EPH 4 17 abde grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that Christ wants every believer to become spiritually mature and to serve the other believers. The result is that the Ephesian believers should no longer act as the Gentiles act. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
263 EPH 4 17 ksr8 τοῦτο οὖν λέγω καὶ μαρτύρομαι 1 Therefore, I say this and strongly urge you “Because of what I have just said, I will now say something more in order to strongly encourage you”
288 EPH 4 25 abn8 figs-metaphor ἀποθέμενοι τὸ ψεῦδος 1 putting aside lying Paul speaks of telling lies as if they were objects that the believers could set aside. Alternate translation: “no longer telling lies” or “instead of telling lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
289 EPH 4 25 ab23 figs-abstractnouns λαλεῖτε ἀλήθειαν 1 speak truth **Truth** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “speak truthfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
290 EPH 4 25 abdj grammar-connect-logic-result ὅτι 1 because The connecting word **because** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that believers are members of the same body of Christ. The result is that believers should speak the truth to each other. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
291 EPH 4 25 zh2g bita-hq figs-metaphor ἐσμὲν ἀλλήλων μέλη 1 we are members of one another Here Paul speaks of the close union of believers with each other as if they were each part of one single body. Alternate translation: “we belong to one another” or “we are all members of God’s family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]]) Here Paul speaks of the close union of believers with each other as if they were each part of one single body. Alternate translation: “we belong to one another” or “we are all members of God’s family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
292 EPH 4 26 w8rw ὀργίζεσθε, καὶ μὴ ἁμαρτάνετε 1 Be angry and do not sin “You may get angry, but do not sin” or “If you become angry, do not sin”
293 EPH 4 26 ki7p figs-metonymy ὁ ἥλιος μὴ ἐπιδυέτω ἐπὶ παροργισμῷ ὑμῶν 1 Do not let the sun go down on your indignation The sun going down represents nightfall or the end of the day. Alternate translation: “you must stop being angry before night comes” or “let go of your anger before the day ends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
294 EPH 4 27 w71s μηδὲ δίδοτε τόπον τῷ διαβόλῳ 1 nor give an opportunity to the devil “and do not give the devil an opportunity to lead you into sin”
369 EPH 5 19 n5jj ψαλμοῖς 1 psalms These are probably songs from the Old Testament book of Psalms that Christians sang.
370 EPH 5 19 g5ss ὕμνοις 1 hymns These are songs of praise and worship that may have been written specifically for Christians to sing.
371 EPH 5 19 v9ay figs-doublet ᾠδαῖς πνευματικαῖς 1 spiritual songs Possible meanings are: (1) these are songs that the Holy Spirit inspires a person to sing right at that moment or (2) **spiritual songs** and **hymns** form a doublet. They mean basically the same thing, and you could use one word for these instead of two. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
372 EPH 5 19 v3ql bita-hq figs-metonym τῇ καρδίᾳ ὑμῶν 1 in your heart Here, **heart** is a metonym for a person’s thoughts or inner being. The phrase **in your heart** can mean either to do this: (1) with true motives and sincerity, Alternate translation: “from deep within your being” or “sincerely” or, (2) with enthusiasm, Alternate translation: “with all of your being” or “enthusiastically” See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]]) Here, **heart** is a metonym for a person’s thoughts or inner being. The phrase **in your heart** can mean either to do this: (1) with true motives and sincerity, Alternate translation: “from deep within your being” or “sincerely” or, (2) with enthusiasm, Alternate translation: “with all of your being” or “enthusiastically” See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonym]])
373 EPH 5 20 e6w5 bita-hq figs-metaphor ἐν ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ Here, **name** may represent (1) Jesus himself, Alternate translation: “because you belong to our Lord Jesus Christ” or (2) the authority of Jesus, Alternate translation: “with the authority of our Lord Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]]) Here, **name** may represent (1) Jesus himself, Alternate translation: “because you belong to our Lord Jesus Christ” or (2) the authority of Jesus, Alternate translation: “with the authority of our Lord Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
374 EPH 5 20 abw5 τῷ Θεῷ καὶ Πατρί 1 to God the Father “to God, who is our father”
375 EPH 5 22 isd7 0 Connecting Statement: Paul begins to explain how Christians are to submit themselves to one another ([Ephesians 5:21](../05/21.md)). He starts with instructions to wives and husbands on how they should act toward each other.
376 EPH 5 23 abe7 grammar-connect-logic-result ὅτι 1 For The connecting word **For** introduces the reason of a reason-result relationship. The reason is that the husband is head of the wife in the same way Christ is head of the church. The result is that wives should submit to their husbands. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
377 EPH 5 23 x637 bita-hq figs-metaphor κεφαλὴ τῆς γυναικὸς…κεφαλὴ τῆς ἐκκλησίας 1 the head of the wife…the head of the church The word **head** here represents the leader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]]) The word **head** here represents the leader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
378 EPH 5 23 abc1 bita-hq τοῦ σώματος 1 the body The church is often referred to as the body of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]]) The church is often referred to as the body of Christ.
379 EPH 5 25 sx8d 0 General Information: Here the words **himself** and **he** refer to Christ. The word **her** refers to the church.
380 EPH 5 25 sm9e ἀγαπᾶτε τὰς γυναῖκας 1 love your wives Here, **love** means that the husband unselfishly does what is best for the wife, unselfishly serving or giving to his wife.
381 EPH 5 25 i24y ἑαυτὸν παρέδωκεν 1 gave himself up “allowed people to kill him”
393 EPH 5 29 h5aa ἀλλὰ ἐκτρέφει 1 but he nourishes “but he feeds”
394 EPH 5 29 abed grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ 1 but The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. Hating one’s own body is in contrast to caring for it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
395 EPH 5 30 abee grammar-connect-logic-result ὅτι 1 because The connecting word **because** introduces the reason of a reason-result relationship. The reason is that the church is Christ’s body. The result is that Christ cares for the church. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
396 EPH 5 30 h44f bita-hq figs-metaphor μέλη ἐσμὲν τοῦ σώματος αὐτοῦ 1 we are members of his body Here Paul speaks of the close union of believers with Christ as if they were part of his own body, for which he would naturally care. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]]) Here Paul speaks of the close union of believers with Christ as if they were part of his own body, for which he would naturally care. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
397 EPH 5 31 yp23 0 General Information: The quotation is from the writings of Moses in the Old Testament.
398 EPH 5 31 yp24 0 General Information: The words **his** and **himself** refer to a male believer who marries.
399 EPH 5 31 abef grammar-connect-logic-result ἀντὶ τούτου 1 For this reason The connecting phrase **For this reason** introduces the result of a reason-result relationship. In this case, this phrase is part of a quotation from Genesis 2:24 and so the reason is not stated here, but it is stated in Genesis 2:23 that woman was created out of man. The result is that a man will leave his father and mother and be joined to his wife. If it is confusing to not state the reason, you can include a footnote that says, “the reason for this is that woman was created out of man. See Genesis 2:23” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
408 EPH 6 4 ytg5 figs-abstractnouns ἐκτρέφετε αὐτὰ ἐν παιδείᾳ καὶ νουθεσίᾳ Κυρίου 1 raise them in the discipline and instruction of the Lord The abstract nouns **discipline** and **instruction** can be expressed as verbs. Alternate translation: “teach them to become adults by making sure that they know and do what the Lord wants them to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
409 EPH 6 5 s1pq figs-doublet φόβου καὶ τρόμου 1 fear and trembling The phrase **fear and trembling** uses two similar ideas to emphasize the importance of honoring their masters. Alternate translation: “with deep respect” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
410 EPH 6 5 z6xx figs-hyperbole καὶ τρόμου 1 and trembling Here, **trembling** is an exaggeration used to emphasize how important it is that slaves obey their masters. Alternate translation: “and deep respect” or “as though you were shaking with fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
411 EPH 6 5 pd6z bita-hq figs-metonym ἐν ἁπλότητι τῆς καρδίας ὑμῶν 1 in honesty of your heart Here, **heart** is a metonym for a person’s mind or intentions. Alternate translation: “with honesty” or “with sincerity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]]) Here, **heart** is a metonym for a person’s mind or intentions. Alternate translation: “with honesty” or “with sincerity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonym]])
412 EPH 6 5 ab6z figs-abstractnouns ἐν ἁπλότητι 1 in honesty **Honesty** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “honestly” or “sincerely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
413 EPH 6 5 cd6z figs-explicit ὡς τῷ Χριστῷ 1 as to Christ To make this clear, you may want to include the verb here: “as you obey Christ.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
414 EPH 6 6 abej grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλ’ 1 but The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. Obeying our masters as men-pleasers is in contrast to obeying them because we are slaves of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
459 EPH 6 21 aber grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 so that The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a goal relationship. The goal or purpose of Paul sending Tychicus to Ephesus was to tell the Ephesian believers what was happening to Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
460 EPH 6 21 cxs9 translate-names Τυχικὸς 1 Tychicus Tychicus was one of several men who served with Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
461 EPH 6 21 abc2 figs-metaphor ἀδελφὸς 1 brother Paul speaks of Tychicus as if he were a brother to all the other believers who were in God’s spiritual family. Alternate translation: “fellow believer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
462 EPH 6 22 nv5m bita-hq figs-metonym παρακαλέσῃ τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν 1 your hearts may be encouraged Here, **hearts** is a metonym for people’s inner beings. Alternate translation: “he may encourage you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]]) Here, **hearts** is a metonym for people’s inner beings. Alternate translation: “he may encourage you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonym]])
463 EPH 6 22 abes grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 so that The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a goal relationship. The goal or purpose of Paul sending Tychicus to the Ephesians is to encourage their hearts and to let them know what was happening to Paul and his companions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
464 EPH 6 23 j395 0 Connecting Statement: Paul closes his letter to the Ephesian believers with a blessing of peace and grace on all believers who love Christ.
465 EPH 6 23 ab33 figs-abstractnouns εἰρήνη 1 peace **Peace** is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “a peaceful spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])