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Updated snippets in Colossians to match corrected ULT. (#2042) 

Co-authored-by: lrsallee <lrsallee@noreply.door43.org>
Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/2042
Co-authored-by: Larry Sallee <lrsallee@noreply.door43.org>
Co-committed-by: Larry Sallee <lrsallee@noreply.door43.org>
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Larry Sallee 2021-08-26 17:42:39 +00:00
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@ -5,26 +5,26 @@ COL 1 1 h5gl 0 General Information: Though this letter is from Paul and Timoth
COL 1 1 nlf1 figs-exclusive 0 General Information: Throughout this letter the words “we,” “our,” and “ours” include the Colossians unless noted otherwise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
COL 1 1 bqvt figs-you 0 General Information: The words “you,” “your,” and “yours” refer to the Colossian believers and so are plural unless noted otherwise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
COL 1 1 fny3 ἀπόστολος Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ διὰ θελήματος Θεοῦ 1 an apostle of Christ Jesus through the will of God “whom God chose to be an apostle of Christ Jesus”
COL 1 3 q1su figs-exclusive εὐχαριστοῦμεν…τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν 1 We give thanks … of our Lord These words do not include the Colossians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
COL 1 3 q1su figs-exclusive εὐχαριστοῦμεν…τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν 1 We give thanks … of our Lord The words **We** and **our** do not include the Colossians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
COL 1 4 z6eb τὴν πίστιν ὑμῶν ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 your faith in Christ Jesus “your belief in Christ Jesus”
COL 1 5 n1qz figs-metonymy διὰ τὴν ἐλπίδα τὴν ἀποκειμένην ὑμῖν ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς 1 because of the hope that is reserved for you in the heavens Here, **hope** stands for what the believer can confidently expect, that is, the things that God has promised to do for all believers. These things are spoken of as if they were physical objects that God was keeping in the **heavens** for the believers to possess later. Alternate translation: “because you are certain that God, who is in heaven, will do the many good things that he has promised you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
COL 1 5 xn8s τῷ λόγῳ τῆς ἀληθείας, τοῦ εὐαγγελίου 1 the word of truth, the gospel This could mean: (1) This refers to the message about the truth, the gospel. (2) This refers to the true message, the gospel.
COL 1 6 wk21 figs-metaphor ἐστὶν καρποφορούμενον καὶ αὐξανόμενον 1 it is … bearing fruit and is growing Here, **fruit** is a metaphor for “result” or “outcome.” Alternate translation: “it is … having good results, more and more” or “this gospel is … having increasing results” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 1 6 wk21 figs-metaphor ἐστὶν καρποφορούμενον καὶ αὐξανόμενον 1 is bearing fruit and is growing Here, **fruit** is a metaphor for “result” or “outcome.” Alternate translation: “is having good results, more and more” or “this gospel is having increasing results” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 1 6 z3g5 figs-hyperbole ἐν παντὶ τῷ κόσμῳ 1 in all the world This is a generalization referring to the part of the **world** that they knew about. Alternate translation: “throughout the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
COL 1 6 ait7 τὴν χάριν τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν ἀληθείᾳ 1 the grace of God in truth “the true grace of God”
COL 1 7 f8t1 figs-exclusive ἡμῶν…ἡμῶν 1 our … our The word **our** does not include the Colossians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
COL 1 7 mjv5 ἐμάθετε ἀπὸ Ἐπαφρᾶ, τοῦ ἀγαπητοῦ συνδούλου ἡμῶν, ὅς 1 gospel as you learned it from Epaphras, our beloved fellow servant, who “you learned from Epaphras, who is our beloved fellow servant and who” or “Epaphras, our beloved fellow servant, taught you. He”
COL 1 7 mjv5 ἐμάθετε ἀπὸ Ἐπαφρᾶ, τοῦ ἀγαπητοῦ συνδούλου ἡμῶν, ὅς 1 as you learned it from Epaphras, our beloved fellow servant, who “you learned from Epaphras, who is our beloved fellow servant and who” or “Epaphras, our beloved fellow servant, taught you. He”
COL 1 7 q8gt Ἐπαφρᾶ, τοῦ ἀγαπητοῦ συνδούλου ἡμῶν, ὅς ἐστιν πιστὸς ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν διάκονος τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 Epaphras, our beloved fellow servant, who is a faithful servant of Christ on our behalf Here, **on our behalf** means that Epaphras was doing work for Christ that Paul himself would have done if he were not in prison.
COL 1 7 pz3h translate-names Ἐπαφρᾶ 1 Epaphras This is the man who preached the gospel to the people in Colossae. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
COL 1 8 k2k9 figs-exclusive ἡμῖν 1 to us The word **us** does not include the Colossians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
COL 1 8 e7ez figs-metaphor τὴν ὑμῶν ἀγάπην ἐν Πνεύματι 1 your love in the Spirit Paul speaks of the Holy Spirit as if he were a place in which the believers were located. Alternate translation: “how the Holy Spirit has enabled you to love believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 1 9 iyq4 0 Connecting Statement: Because the Spirit has enabled them to love others, Paul prays for them and tells them here how he prays for them.
COL 1 9 s83e διὰ τοῦτο 1 Because of this “Because the Holy Spirit has enabled you to love other believers”
COL 1 9 f2xd figs-exclusive ἡμεῖς…ἠκούσαμεν, οὐ παυόμεθα 1 we heard this … we … have not stopped The word **we** does not include the Colossians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
COL 1 9 f2xd figs-exclusive καὶ ἡμεῖς…ἠκούσαμεν, οὐ παυόμεθα 1 we heard this we also have not stopped The word **we** does not include the Colossians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
COL 1 9 u7zh ἀφ’ ἧς ἡμέρας ἠκούσαμεν 1 from the day we heard this “from the day Epaphras told us these things”
COL 1 9 w2a7 figs-metaphor ἵνα πληρωθῆτε τὴν ἐπίγνωσιν τοῦ θελήματος αὐτοῦ 1 that you might be filled with the knowledge of his will Paul speaks of the Colossian believers as though they were containers. Alternate translation: “that God would fill you with what you need to know so that you can do his will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 1 9 mzz8 ἐν πάσῃ σοφίᾳ καὶ συνέσει πνευματικῇ 1 in all wisdom and spiritual understanding “, so that the Holy Spirit will make you wise and able to understand what God wants you to do”
COL 1 10 m4hf figs-metaphor περιπατῆσαι ἀξίως τοῦ Κυρίου 1 that you will walk worthily of the Lord Here to **walk** signifies behavior in life. Alternate translation: “to live the way God expects you to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 1 10 m4hf figs-metaphor περιπατῆσαι ἀξίως τοῦ Κυρίου 1 to walk worthily of the Lord Here to **walk** signifies behavior in life. Alternate translation: “to live the way God expects you to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 1 10 vv4g εἰς πᾶσαν ἀρεσκείαν 1 in every pleasing way “in ways that will please the Lord”
COL 1 10 vfp3 figs-metaphor καρποφοροῦντες 1 bearing fruit Paul is speaking of the Colossian believers as if they were trees or plants. As a plant grows and bears **fruit**, so also believers are to keep getting to know God better and doing good deeds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 1 11 gxv6 figs-activepassive δυναμούμενοι 1 being strengthened You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God strengthening you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ COL 1 12 lt2q ἱκανώσαντι ὑμᾶς 1 who has made you able Here Pau
COL 1 12 r2zw figs-metaphor τοῦ κλήρου 1 the inheritance Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 1 12 hkf5 figs-metaphor ἐν τῷ φωτί 1 in the light This idea is opposite to the idea of the dominion of darkness in the next verse. Alternate translation: “in the glory of his presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 1 13 g9d3 0 Connecting Statement: Paul talks about the ways in which Christ is excellent.
COL 1 13 dw5k figs-metaphor τῆς ἐξουσίας τοῦ σκότους 1 the authority of darkness Here, **darkness** is a metaphor for evil. Alternate translation: “the evil forces that controlled us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 1 13 dw5k figs-metaphor τῆς ἐξουσίας τοῦ σκότους 1 the authority of the darkness Here, **darkness** is a metaphor for evil. Alternate translation: “the evil forces that controlled us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 1 13 zav6 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τοῦ Υἱοῦ τῆς ἀγάπης αὐτοῦ 1 of his beloved Son “Son” is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
COL 1 14 wh6q figs-metaphor ἐν ᾧ 1 in whom Paul often speaks as if the believers were **in** Jesus Christ or “in” God. You can translate this as the beginning of a new sentence. Alternate translation: “by means of whom” or “by means of his Son” or “because of his Son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 1 14 v5d8 figs-abstractnouns ἔχομεν τὴν ἀπολύτρωσιν, τὴν ἄφεσιν τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν 1 we have redemption, the forgiveness of sins The nouns **redemption** and **forgiveness** can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “we are redeemed; our sins are forgiven” or “God redeems us; he forgives our sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ COL 1 26 a9kw figs-activepassive νῦν…ἐφανερώθη 1 now has been re
COL 1 27 c8yb figs-metaphor τὸ πλοῦτος τῆς δόξης τοῦ μυστηρίου τούτου 1 the riches of the glory of this mystery Paul speaks of the value of this **mystery** about God as if it were a treasure of material wealth. “riches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 1 27 c7ln figs-metaphor Χριστὸς ἐν ὑμῖν 1 Christ in you Paul speaks of the believers as if they were actual containers in which **Christ** is present. This is one of his ways of expressing the union of the believers with Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 1 27 mr83 ἡ ἐλπὶς τῆς δόξης 1 the hope of glory “so you can confidently expect to share in God’s glory”
COL 1 28 va1x figs-exclusive ἡμεῖς καταγγέλλομεν…παραστήσωμεν 1 we proclaim … we may present These word **we** does not include the Colossians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
COL 1 28 va1x figs-exclusive ἡμεῖς καταγγέλλομεν…παραστήσωμεν 1 We proclaim … we may present These words **We** and **we** do not include the Colossians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
COL 1 28 na8w νουθετοῦντες πάντα ἄνθρωπον 1 admonishing every man “warning everyone”
COL 1 28 lyz1 figs-explicit ἵνα παραστήσωμεν πάντα ἄνθρωπον 1 so that we may present every man You may need to make explicit to whom they will present every person. Alternate translation: “so that we may present to God every person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
COL 1 28 uk2i figs-metaphor τέλειον 1 complete Being **complete** is a metaphor for being spiritually mature. Alternate translation: “spiritually mature” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -85,20 +85,20 @@ COL 2 2 a4px συμβιβασθέντες 1 having been brought together This m
COL 2 2 kdg8 figs-metaphor πᾶν πλοῦτος τῆς πληροφορίας τῆς συνέσεως 1 all the riches of the full assurance of understanding Paul speaks of a person who is completely sure that the good news is true as though that person were rich in physical things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 2 2 qgi2 τοῦ μυστηρίου τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 of the mystery of God This is knowledge that can be revealed only by God.
COL 2 2 v13e Χριστοῦ 1 Christ Jesus Christ is the mystery revealed by God.
COL 2 3 w74d figs-activepassive ἐν ᾧ εἰσιν πάντες οἱ θησαυροὶ τῆς σοφίας καὶ γνώσεως ἀπόκρυφοι 1 In him all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge are hidden Only Christ can reveal God’s true **wisdom** and **knowledge**. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God has hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge in Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
COL 2 3 w74d figs-activepassive ἐν ᾧ εἰσιν πάντες οἱ θησαυροὶ τῆς σοφίας καὶ γνώσεως ἀπόκρυφοι 1 in whom all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge are hidden Only Christ can reveal God’s true **wisdom** and **knowledge**. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God has hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge in Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
COL 2 3 w4mr figs-metaphor οἱ θησαυροὶ τῆς σοφίας καὶ γνώσεως 1 the treasures of wisdom and knowledge Paul speaks of God’s **wisdom** and **knowledge** as if they were material wealth. Alternate translation: “the very precious wisdom and knowledge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 2 3 vd98 figs-doublet τῆς σοφίας καὶ γνώσεως 1 of wisdom and knowledge These words mean basically the same thing here. Paul uses them together to emphasize that all spiritual understanding comes from Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
COL 2 4 j8di παραλογίζηται 1 may deceive This means to cause someone to believe something that is not true, so he acts on that belief, and suffers harm as a result.
COL 2 4 j8di παραλογίζηται 1 might deceive This means to cause someone to believe something that is not true, so he acts on that belief, and suffers harm as a result.
COL 2 4 y4r3 πιθανολογίᾳ 1 persuasive speech speech that will make a person think differently
COL 2 5 g1rp figs-metonymy τῇ σαρκὶ ἄπειμι 1 I am absent in the flesh The person’s **flesh**, or physical body, is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “not physically present with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
COL 2 5 bz56 figs-idiom τῷ πνεύματι σὺν ὑμῖν εἰμι 1 I am with you in the spirit Being with someone **in spirit** is a metaphor for thinking continually about that person. Alternate translation: “I continually think about you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
COL 2 5 bz56 figs-idiom τῷ πνεύματι σὺν ὑμῖν εἰμι 1 I am with you in the spirit Being with someone **in the spirit** is a metaphor for thinking continually about that person. Alternate translation: “I continually think about you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
COL 2 5 ev9p τὴν τάξιν 1 good order doing things properly
COL 2 5 hth1 τὸ στερέωμα…πίστεως ὑμῶν 1 the strength of your faith “how nothing and no one can cause you to stop believing”
COL 2 6 m3f1 figs-metaphor ἐν αὐτῷ περιπατεῖτε 1 walk in him To **walk** on a path is a metaphor for how a person lives his life. The words **in him** refer to being in close relationship with Christ and so doing what pleases him. Alternate translation: “live your lives the way he wants you to” or “live so that people can see that you belong to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 2 7 e2x6 figs-idiom ἐρριζωμένοι…ἐποικοδομούμενοι ἐν αὐτῷ…βεβαιούμενοι τῇ πίστει…περισσεύοντες ἐν εὐχαριστίᾳ 1 being rooted … built up in him … confirmed in the faith … abounding in thanksgiving These words explain what it means to “walk in him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
COL 2 7 fw47 figs-metaphor ἐρριζωμένοι 1 being rooted Paul speaks of a person with true faith in Christ as if that person were a tree growing in solid ground with deep roots. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 2 7 tb5m figs-metaphor ἐποικοδομούμενοι ἐν αὐτῷ 1 built up in him Paul speaks of a person with true faith in Christ as if that person were a building that has a strong foundation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 2 7 yh83 βεβαιούμενοι τῇ πίστει 1 be confirmed in the faith “trusting in Jesus for everything”
COL 2 7 yh83 βεβαιούμενοι τῇ πίστει 1 confirmed in the faith “trusting in Jesus for everything”
COL 2 7 l1is καθὼς ἐδιδάχθητε 1 just as you were taught This is best stated without naming or otherwise calling attention to the teacher, who was Epaphras ([Colossians 1:7](../01/07.md)). Alternate translation: “just as you learned” or “just as they taught you” or “just as he taught you”
COL 2 7 j47d figs-metaphor περισσεύοντες ἐν εὐχαριστίᾳ 1 abounding in thanksgiving Paul speaks of **thanksgiving** as if it were objects that a person could obtain more of. Alternate translation: “be very thankful to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 2 8 cbw5 0 Connecting Statement: Paul urges the believers to be careful not to turn to the words and rules of others because nothing can add to the fullness of God that believers have in Christ.
@ -107,17 +107,17 @@ COL 2 8 p3vx τῆς φιλοσοφίας 1 philosophy religious doctrines and
COL 2 8 t8xx figs-metaphor κενῆς ἀπάτης 1 empty deceit Paul speaks of false ideas that produce nothing and so are without value as though they are containers with nothing in them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 2 8 l9jt τὴν παράδοσιν τῶν ἀνθρώπων…τὰ στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου 1 the tradition of men … the elemental teaching of the world Both Jewish traditions and pagan (Gentile) belief systems are worthless. The **elemental teaching of the world** perhaps refers to evil spirits that claimed to rule the world and that were adored by people. But some interpreters view the **elemental teaching of the world** as people’s basic teachings about the world.
COL 2 9 ahq5 ἐν αὐτῷ κατοικεῖ πᾶν τὸ πλήρωμα τῆς Θεότητος σωματικῶς 1 in him all the fullness of God dwells in bodily form “God’s total nature lives in physical form in Christ”
COL 2 10 lbk7 figs-metaphor ἐστὲ ἐν αὐτῷ πεπληρωμένοι 1 you are filled in him Paul speaks of people as though they were containers into which God has placed Christ. Alternate translation: “You are made complete in Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 2 10 lbk7 figs-metaphor ἐστὲ ἐν αὐτῷ πεπληρωμένοι 1 you are filled in him Paul speaks of people as though they were containers into which God has placed Christ. Alternate translation: “you are made complete in Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 2 10 je36 figs-metaphor ὅς ἐστιν ἡ κεφαλὴ πάσης ἀρχῆς καὶ ἐξουσίας 1 who is the head of all rule and authority Christ is the ruler over every other ruler (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 2 11 xeq7 figs-metaphor ἐν ᾧ καὶ περιετμήθητε 1 In him you were also circumcised Paul is speaking of those who belong to Christ as if they were inside Christ’s body. Alternate translation: “Because you are in Christ, you have been circumcised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 2 11 f6ek figs-activepassive ἐν ᾧ καὶ περιετμήθητε 1 In him you were also circumcised This can also be made active. Alternate translation: “In Christ, God circumcised you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
COL 2 11 ii43 figs-metaphor περιτομῇ ἀχειροποιήτῳ 1 a circumcision made without hands With this metaphor, Paul says that God has made Christian believers acceptable to himself in a way that reminded him of **circumcision**, the ceremony through which Hebrew male babies were added to the community of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 2 12 ln8e figs-metaphor συνταφέντες αὐτῷ ἐν τῷ βαπτισμῷ 1 You were buried with him in baptism Paul speaks of being baptized and joining the assembly of believers as if it were being buried with Christ. Alternate translation: “It is as if you were buried with Christ when you were baptized” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 2 12 r8l8 figs-activepassive συνταφέντες αὐτῷ ἐν τῷ βαπτισμῷ 1 You were buried with him in baptism This can be made active. Alternate translation: “When someone baptized you, it was as if God buried you with Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
COL 2 12 g1rq figs-metaphor ἐν ᾧ…συνηγέρθητε 1 in him you were raised up With this metaphor, Paul speaks of the new spiritual life of believers that God made possible by making Christ come alive again. Alternate translation: “in him God caused you to live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 2 12 yp7u figs-activepassive ἐν ᾧ…συνηγέρθητε 1 in him you were raised up This can be made active. Alternate translation: “because you have joined yourself to Christ, God raised you up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
COL 2 11 xeq7 figs-metaphor ἐν ᾧ καὶ περιετμήθητε 1 in whom you were also circumcised Paul is speaking of those who belong to Christ as if they were inside Christ’s body. Alternate translation: “because you are in Christ, you have been circumcised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 2 11 f6ek figs-activepassive ἐν ᾧ καὶ περιετμήθητε 1 in whom you were also circumcised This can also be made active. Alternate translation: “in Christ, God circumcised you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
COL 2 11 ii43 figs-metaphor περιτομῇ ἀχειροποιήτῳ 1 with a circumcision made without hands With this metaphor, Paul says that God has made Christian believers acceptable to himself in a way that reminded him of **circumcision**, the ceremony through which Hebrew male babies were added to the community of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 2 12 ln8e figs-metaphor συνταφέντες αὐτῷ ἐν τῷ βαπτισμῷ 1 having been buried with him in baptism Paul speaks of being baptized and joining the assembly of believers as if it were being buried with Christ. Alternate translation: “as if you were buried with Christ when you were baptized” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 2 12 r8l8 figs-activepassive συνταφέντες αὐτῷ ἐν τῷ βαπτισμῷ 1 having been buried with him in baptism This can be made active. Alternate translation: “when someone baptized you, it was as if God buried you with Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
COL 2 12 g1rq figs-metaphor ἐν ᾧ…συνηγέρθητε 1 in whom you were raised up With this metaphor, Paul speaks of the new spiritual life of believers that God made possible by making Christ come alive again. Alternate translation: “in him God caused you to live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 2 12 yp7u figs-activepassive ἐν ᾧ…συνηγέρθητε 1 in whom you were raised up This can be made active. Alternate translation: “because you have joined yourself to Christ, God raised you up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
COL 2 12 rec6 figs-idiom συνηγέρθητε 1 you were raised up Here to be **raised up** is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Alternate translation: “God caused you to live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
COL 2 12 qcsm figs-activepassive συνηγέρθητε 1 you were raised You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God raised you up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
COL 2 12 qcsm figs-activepassive συνηγέρθητε 1 you were raised up You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God raised you up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
COL 2 13 v6vi figs-metaphor ὑμᾶς νεκροὺς ὄντας 1 you, being dead Paul speaks of unresponsiveness to God as if it were death. Alternate translation: “when you Colossian believers were unable to respond to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 2 13 f9ms figs-metaphor ὑμᾶς νεκροὺς ὄντας…συνεζωοποίησεν ὑμᾶς 1 you, being dead … he made you alive together With this metaphor Paul speaks of coming into new spiritual life as if it were coming back to life physically. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 2 13 wh4z νεκροὺς…ἐν τοῖς παραπτώμασιν καὶ τῇ ἀκροβυστίᾳ τῆς σαρκὸς ὑμῶν 1 dead in your trespasses and the uncircumcision of your flesh You were dead on two accounts: (1) You were spiritually dead, living a life of sin against Christ. (2) You were not circumcised according to the law of Moses.
@ -126,8 +126,8 @@ COL 2 14 w22z figs-metaphor ἐξαλείψας τὸ καθ’ ἡμῶν χε
COL 2 15 gh24 figs-metaphor ἐδειγμάτισεν ἐν παρρησίᾳ 1 he made a public spectacle of them In Roman times, it was common practice for the Roman armies to have a victory parade when they returned home, displaying all the prisoners they had captured and goods they had obtained. God was victorious over the evil powers and authorities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 2 15 cg37 figs-metonymy ἐν αὐτῷ 1 in the cross Here, **the cross** stands for Christ’s death on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
COL 2 16 cii9 ἐν βρώσει, καὶ ἐν πόσει 1 in food or in drink The law of Moses included what one can eat and drink. “for what you eat or what you drink”
COL 2 16 b4kd ἐν μέρει ἑορτῆς, ἢ νουμηνίας, ἢ Σαββάτων 1 in regard to a festival, or a new moon, or Sabbath days The law of Moses specified the days to celebrate, to worship, and to offer sacrifice. “for the way you celebrate feast days or new moons or the Sabbath”
COL 2 17 ip3a figs-metaphor ἅ ἐστιν σκιὰ τῶν μελλόντων, τὸ δὲ σῶμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 which are a shadow of the things that are coming, but the body is of Christ A **shadow** shows the shape of an object, but it is not the object itself. In a similar way, the festivals, celebrations, and Sabbath show us something about how God would save people, but those things do not save people. The savior is **Christ**. Alternate translation: “which are like a shadow of what would happen, but the reality is Christ” or “which are like a shadow of the savior who would come, but the savior is Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 2 16 b4kd ἐν μέρει ἑορτῆς, ἢ νουμηνίας, ἢ Σαββάτων 1 in regard to a festival, or a new moon, or Sabbaths The law of Moses specified the days to celebrate, to worship, and to offer sacrifice. “for the way you celebrate feast days or new moons or the Sabbath”
COL 2 17 ip3a figs-metaphor ἅ ἐστιν σκιὰ τῶν μελλόντων, τὸ δὲ σῶμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 which are a shadow of the things coming, but the body is of Christ A **shadow** shows the shape of an object, but it is not the object itself. In a similar way, the festivals, celebrations, and Sabbath show us something about how God would save people, but those things do not save people. The savior is **Christ**. Alternate translation: “which are like a shadow of what would happen, but the reality is Christ” or “which are like a shadow of the savior who would come, but the savior is Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 2 18 zv2t figs-metaphor μηδεὶς ὑμᾶς καταβραβευέτω 1 Let no one … deprive you of your prize Here Paul refers to false teachers as if they were corrupt judges at an athletic contest who would unjustly disqualify the believers from winning the **prize** they deserve, and he speaks of Christ saving a person as if Christ were giving a prize to the winner of such a contest. Alternate translation: “Let no one … disqualify you from winning a prize” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 2 18 b5ce figs-metonymy θέλων ἐν ταπεινοφροσύνῃ 1 delighting in false humility The word **humility** is a metonym for actions one does to make others think that one is humble. Alternate translation: “who wants you to do things to show that you are humble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
COL 2 18 kn5d figs-metaphor ἃ ἑόρακεν ἐμβατεύων 1 standing on things he has seen Here Paul speaks about people who claim to have dreams and visions from God and who talk proudly about them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -146,8 +146,8 @@ COL 2 23 e7p5 ἐστιν…οὐκ ἐν τιμῇ τινι πρὸς πλησ
COL 3 intro qtl2 0 # Colossians 03 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The second part of this chapter parallels Ephesians 5 and 6.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Old and new self<br><br>The old and new self mean the same as the old and new man. The term “old man” probably refers to the sinful nature with which a person is born. The “new man” is the new nature or new life that God gives a person after they come to believe in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Character<br><br>Many of the things Paul encourages his readers to pursue or avoid are not actions but character qualities. Because of this, they may be difficult to translate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])<br><br>### “The things above”<br><br>Where God dwells is often pictured as being located “above.” Paul says to “seek the things above” and to “think about the things above.” He is implying Christians should seek and think about heavenly and godly things.
COL 3 1 ya97 0 Connecting Statement: Paul warns the believers that because they are one with Christ, they ought not do certain things.
COL 3 1 r5yh figs-idiom εἰ οὖν 1 If, therefore This is an idiom that means “Because.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
COL 3 1 t1jv figs-idiom συνηγέρθητε τῷ Χριστῷ 1 you have been raised with Christ Here to be **raised** is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. This could mean: (1) Because God has caused Christ to come alive again, God has already given the believers in Colossae new spiritual life. Alternate translation: “God has given you new life because you belong to Christ” (2) Because God has caused Christ to come alive again, the believers in Colossae can know that after they die they will live with Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
COL 3 1 qmzv figs-pastforfuture συνηγέρθητε τῷ Χριστῷ 1 you have been raised with Christ Because the believers in Colossae can know that after they die they will live with Christ, Paul can speak of the believers living again as if it has already happened. Alternate translation: “you can be sure that God will give you life as he has caused Christ to come alive again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
COL 3 1 t1jv figs-idiom συνηγέρθητε τῷ Χριστῷ 1 you were raised with Christ Here to be **raised** is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. This could mean: (1) Because God has caused Christ to come alive again, God has already given the believers in Colossae new spiritual life. Alternate translation: “God has given you new life because you belong to Christ” (2) Because God has caused Christ to come alive again, the believers in Colossae can know that after they die they will live with Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
COL 3 1 qmzv figs-pastforfuture συνηγέρθητε τῷ Χριστῷ 1 you were raised with Christ Because the believers in Colossae can know that after they die they will live with Christ, Paul can speak of the believers living again as if it has already happened. Alternate translation: “you can be sure that God will give you life as he has caused Christ to come alive again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
COL 3 1 p3fw τὰ ἄνω 1 the things above “the things in heaven”
COL 3 3 l9yk figs-metaphor ἀπεθάνετε γάρ 1 For you died As Christ actually died, so God counts the Colossian believers as having **died** with Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 3 3 gkz6 figs-metaphor ἡ ζωὴ ὑμῶν κέκρυπται σὺν τῷ Χριστῷ ἐν τῷ Θεῷ 1 your life has been hidden with Christ in God Paul speaks of people’s lives as if they were objects that can be hidden in containers and speaks of God as if he were a container. Alternate translation: This could mean: (1) “it is as though God has taken your life and concealed it with Christ in God’s presence” (2) “only God knows what your true life really is, and he will reveal it when he reveals Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ COL 3 5 p9w9 ἀκαθαρσίαν 1 uncleanness impure behavior
COL 3 5 e65k πάθος 1 passion strong, lustful desire
COL 3 5 h5v4 τὴν πλεονεξίαν, ἥτις ἐστὶν εἰδωλολατρία 1 envy, which is idolatry “covetousness, which is the same thing as idolatry” or “do not desire what other people have because that is the same as worshiping idols”
COL 3 6 s9lm ἡ ὀργὴ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the wrath of God God’s anger against those who do evil as shown by what he does to punish them.
COL 3 7 p4q8 figs-metaphor ἐν οἷς καὶ ὑμεῖς περιεπατήσατέ ποτε 1 In these things you also formerly walked Paul speaks of the way a person behaves as if it were a road or path a person walks on. Alternate translation: “These are the things you used to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 3 7 p4q8 figs-metaphor ἐν οἷς καὶ ὑμεῖς περιεπατήσατέ ποτε 1 in which you also formerly walked Paul speaks of the way a person behaves as if it were a road or path a person walks on. Alternate translation: “the things you used to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 3 7 s824 figs-metaphor ὅτε ἐζῆτε ἐν τούτοις 1 when you were living in them This could mean: (1) This means they practiced these things. (2) This means they lived among the people who disobey God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 3 8 d3wr κακίαν 1 evil desire “desire to do wicked deeds”
COL 3 8 lgz1 βλασφημίαν 1 slander speech used to hurt others
@ -175,8 +175,8 @@ COL 3 12 b5ti figs-activepassive ὡς ἐκλεκτοὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἅ
COL 3 12 d217 figs-metaphor ἐνδύσασθε…σπλάγχνα οἰκτιρμοῦ, χρηστότητα, ταπεινοφροσύνην, πραΰτητα, μακροθυμίαν 1 put on inward parts of mercy, kindness, humility, gentleness, and patience The ** inward parts** is a metaphor for feelings and attitudes. Here it is spoken of as if it has certain feelings and attitudes, and as if it were clothing to wear. Alternate translation: “have a merciful, kind, humble, gentle, and patient heart” or “be merciful, kind, humble, gentle, and patient” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 3 13 r8iy ἀνεχόμενοι ἀλλήλων 1 bearing with one another “being patient with one another” or “accepting each other even when you disappoint each other”
COL 3 13 rts1 χαριζόμενοι ἑαυτοῖς 1 being gracious to each other “treating each other better than they deserve for you to treat them”
COL 3 13 p474 figs-abstractnouns πρός…ἔχῃ μομφήν 1 hay have a complaint against You can state the abstract noun **complaint** as “complain.” Alternate translation: “might have a reason to complain against” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
COL 3 14 x5g8 figs-metaphor τὴν ἀγάπην, ὅ ἐστιν σύνδεσμος τῆς τελειότητος 1 put on love, which is the bond of perfection Here, **bond of perfection** is a metaphor for something that causes perfect unity among people. Alternate translation: “love one another because it will unite you perfectly together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 3 13 p474 figs-abstractnouns πρός…ἔχῃ μομφήν 1 may have a complaint against You can state the abstract noun **complaint** as “complain.” Alternate translation: “might have a reason to complain against” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
COL 3 14 x5g8 figs-metaphor τὴν ἀγάπην, ὅ ἐστιν σύνδεσμος τῆς τελειότητος 1 love, which is the bond of perfection Here, **the bond of perfection** is a metaphor for something that causes perfect unity among people. Alternate translation: “love one another because it will unite you perfectly together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 3 15 hdg5 figs-metonymy ἡ εἰρήνη τοῦ Χριστοῦ βραβευέτω ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν 1 let the peace of Christ rule in your hearts Paul speaks of the **peace** that **Christ** gives as if it were a ruler. This could mean: (1) They should do everything so that they can have peaceful relationships with each other. (2) This means they should allow God to give them peace in their heart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
COL 3 15 i9hg figs-metonymy ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν 1 in your hearts Here, **hearts** is a metonym for a people’s minds or inner being. Alternate translation: “in your minds” or “inside of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
COL 3 16 w9dv figs-metaphor ὁ λόγος τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐνοικείτω ἐν ὑμῖν 1 Let the word of Christ dwell in you Paul speaks of the **word of Christ** as if it were a person capable of living inside other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ COL 3 17 bv84 figs-metaphor δι’ αὐτοῦ 1 through him This could mean:
COL 3 18 flu9 0 Connecting Statement: Paul then gives some special instructions to wives, husbands, children, fathers, slaves, and masters.
COL 3 18 tt9u αἱ γυναῖκες, ὑποτάσσεσθε τοῖς ἀνδράσιν 1 Wives, submit to your husbands “Wives, obey your own husbands”
COL 3 18 b2y3 ἀνῆκεν 1 is fitting “is proper” or “is right”
COL 3 19 lc4a μὴ πικραίνεσθε πρὸς 1 do not be bitter against “do not be harsh with” or “do not be angry toward”
COL 3 19 lc4a μὴ πικραίνεσθε πρὸς 1 do not be embittered against “do not be harsh with” or “do not be angry toward”
COL 3 21 bvi3 μὴ ἐρεθίζετε τὰ τέκνα ὑμῶν 1 do not provoke your children “do not needlessly make your children angry”
COL 3 22 cx6a ὑπακούετε…τοῖς κατὰ σάρκα κυρίοις 1 obey your masters according to the flesh “obey your human masters”
COL 3 22 iy1n πάντα…μὴ ἐν ὀφθαλμοδουλεία, ὡς ἀνθρωπάρεσκοι 1 all things, not with eyeservice as people pleasers “all things. Do not obey only when your master is watching, as though you need only to please people”
@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ COL 3 23 arw4 ὡς τῷ Κυρίῳ 1 as to the Lord “as you would work for
COL 3 24 f3ed τὴν ἀνταπόδοσιν τῆς κληρονομίας 1 the reward of the inheritance “the inheritance as your reward”
COL 3 24 p3pw figs-metaphor τῆς κληρονομίας 1 of the inheritance Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 3 25 u5lx ὁ…ἀδικῶν, κομιεῖται ὃ ἠδίκησεν 1 the one who does unrighteousness will receive what he did unrighteously The phrase **receive the what he did unrighteously** means to be punished for bad actions. Alternate translation: “anyone who does unrighteousness will be punished for those things” or “God will punish anyone who does what is unrighteous”
COL 3 25 ak8j ἀδικῶν 1 who does unrighteousness who actively does wrong of any kind
COL 3 25 ak8j ἀδικῶν 1 doing unrighteousness actively doing wrong of any kind
COL 3 25 c9fx figs-abstractnouns οὐκ ἔστιν προσωπολημψία 1 there is no favoritism The abstract noun **favoritism** can be expressed with the verb “favor.” To favor some people is to judge them by different standards so the result is better for them than for others who do the same actions. Alternate translation: “God does not favor anyone” or “God judges everyone by the same standard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
COL 4 intro nm3y 0 # Colossians 04 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>[Colossians 4:1](../../col/04/01.md) appears to belong with the topics of Chapter 3 instead of Chapter 4.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “In my own hand”<br><br>It was common in the ancient Near East for the author to speak and someone else to write down the words. Many of the New Testament letters were written this way. Paul wrote the final greeting himself.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Secret truth<br><br>Paul refers to a “secret truth” in this chapter. The role of the church in the plans of God was once unknown. But God has now revealed it. Part of this involves the Gentiles having equal standing with the Jews in the plans of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])
COL 4 1 qhd2 0 Connecting Statement: After speaking to masters, Paul ends his special instructions to the different kinds of believers in the church at Colossae.
@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ COL 4 3 ub1i figs-metaphor ὁ Θεὸς ἀνοίξῃ…θύραν 1 God may o
COL 4 3 lj4f ἀνοίξῃ ἡμῖν θύραν τοῦ λόγου 1 may open a door to us for the word “may make an opportunity for us tp preach his message”
COL 4 3 ce37 τὸ μυστήριον τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 the mystery of Christ This refers to the gospel of Jesus Christ, which was not understood before Christ came.
COL 4 3 q4jx figs-metonymy δι’ ὃ καὶ δέδεμαι 1 on account of which also I have been bound Here, **bound** is a metonym for being in prison. Alternate translation: “It is for proclaiming the message of Jesus Christ that I am now in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
COL 4 4 hm5w ἵνα φανερώσω αὐτὸ 1 in order that I may make it clear “that I might be able to speak the message of Jesus Christ clearly”
COL 4 4 hm5w ἵνα φανερώσω αὐτὸ 1 in order that I may make it clear “so that I might be able to speak the message of Jesus Christ clearly”
COL 4 5 z3ax figs-metaphor ἐν σοφίᾳ περιπατεῖτε πρὸς τοὺς ἔξω 1 Walk in wisdom toward those outside The idea of walking is often used for the idea of conducting one’s life. Alternate translation: “Live in such a way that those who are not believers will see that you are wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 4 5 b525 figs-metaphor τὸν καιρὸν ἐξαγοραζόμενοι 1 redeeming the time To redeem something means to restore it to its rightful owner. Here, **time** is spoken of as something that can be restored and used to serve God. Alternate translation: “doing the best things you can with your time” or “putting the time to its best use” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 4 6 fuv5 figs-metaphor ὁ λόγος ὑμῶν πάντοτε ἐν χάριτι, ἅλατι ἠρτυμένος 1 your words always with grace, seasoned with salt Food with **salt** is a metaphor for words that teach others and that others enjoy hearing. Alternate translation: “your conversation always gracious and attractive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -222,14 +222,14 @@ COL 4 7 ut91 0 Connecting Statement: Paul closes with special instructions abo
COL 4 7 xzz4 τὰ κατ’ ἐμὲ 1 the things concerning me “everything that has been happening to me”
COL 4 7 p7c1 σύνδουλος 1 fellow slave “fellow servant.” Though Paul is a free man, he sees himself as a slave of Christ and sees Tychicus as a fellow slave.
COL 4 8 vyq5 figs-exclusive τὰ περὶ ἡμῶν 1 the things concerning us These words do not include the Colossians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
COL 4 8 fr1z figs-metaphor παρακαλέσῃ τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν 1 he may encourage your hearts The heart was thought to be the center of many emotions. Alternate translation: “he may encourage you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 4 8 fr1z figs-metaphor παρακαλέσῃ τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν 1 he might encourage your hearts The heart was thought to be the center of many emotions. Alternate translation: “he might encourage you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL 4 9 yqh9 τῷ πιστῷ καὶ ἀγαπητῷ ἀδελφῷ 1 the faithful and beloved brother Paul calls Onesimus a fellow Christian and servant of Christ.
COL 4 9 n15d ὑμῖν γνωρίσουσιν 1 they will make known to you “Tychicus and Onesimus will tell you”
COL 4 9 vb7j πάντα…τὰ ὧδε 1 all the things here They will tell the Colossian believers all that is taking place where Paul is currently living. Tradition says Paul was in Rome under house arrest or in prison at this time.
COL 4 10 wmf4 Ἀρίσταρχος 1 Aristarchus He was in prison with Paul in Ephesus when Paul wrote this letter to the Colossians.
COL 4 10 cg3a ἐὰν ἔλθῃ 1 if he comes “if Mark comes”
COL 4 10 cg3a ἐὰν ἔλθῃ 1 if he may come “if Mark comes”
COL 4 11 bm6s Ἰησοῦς, ὁ λεγόμενος Ἰοῦστος 1 Jesus who is called Justus This is a man who also worked with Paul.
COL 4 11 ci74 figs-metonymy οἱ ὄντες ἐκ περιτομῆς οὗτοι, μόνοι συνεργοὶ εἰς τὴν Βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 These are the only fellow workers for the kingdom of God who are from the circumcision Paul uses **circumcision** here to refer to Jews because, under the Old Testament law, all male Jews had to be circumcised. Alternate translation: “These three men are the only Jewish believers working with me to proclaim God as king through Christ Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
COL 4 11 ci74 figs-metonymy οἱ ὄντες ἐκ περιτομῆς οὗτοι, μόνοι συνεργοὶ εἰς τὴν Βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 These are the only fellow workers for the kingdom of God being from the circumcision Paul uses **circumcision** here to refer to Jews because, under the Old Testament law, all male Jews had to be circumcised. Alternate translation: “These three men are the only Jewish believers working with me to proclaim God as king through Christ Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
COL 4 11 p8e9 οὗτοι 1 These are “These men—Aristarchus, Mark, and Justus—are”
COL 4 12 et2g 0 General Information: Laodicea and Hierapolis were towns close to Colossae.
COL 4 12 gg86 Ἐπαφρᾶς 1 Epaphras Epaphras was the man who had preached the good news to the people in Colossae ([Colossians 1:7](../01/07.md)).
@ -237,12 +237,12 @@ COL 4 12 rq61 ὁ ἐξ ὑμῶν 1 He is from among you “He is from your ci
COL 4 12 ek51 δοῦλος Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ 1 a servant of Christ Jesus “a committed disciple of Christ Jesus”
COL 4 12 p8ff πάντοτε ἀγωνιζόμενος ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν ἐν ταῖς προσευχαῖς 1 always striving on behalf of you in prayers “always earnestly praying for you”
COL 4 12 nuh9 σταθῆτε τέλειοι καὶ πεπληροφορημένοι 1 you may stand complete and fully assured “you may stand mature and confident”
COL 4 13 k8vv μαρτυρῶ…αὐτῷ, ὅτι ἔχει πολὺν πόνον ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν 1 I testify for him, that he has much pain on behalf of you “I have observed and can report that he has suffered much on your behalf”
COL 4 13 k8vv μαρτυρῶ…αὐτῷ, ὅτι ἔχει πολὺν πόνον ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν 1 I testify for him, that he has much hard labor on behalf of you “I have observed and can report that he has worked very hard on your behalf”
COL 4 14 hq1k Δημᾶς 1 Demas This is another co-worker with Paul.
COL 4 15 sc5g τοὺς…ἀδελφοὺς 1 the brothers Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
COL 4 15 zkp3 ἐν Λαοδικίᾳ 1 in Laodicea a city very close to Colossae where there was also a church
COL 4 15 wyk3 Νύμφαν, καὶ τὴν κατ’ οἶκον αὐτῆς ἐκκλησίαν 1 Nympha, and the church that is in her house A woman named **Nympha** hosted a **house** **church**. Alternate translation: “Nympha and the group of believers that meets in her house”
COL 4 17 d39x figs-you εἴπατε Ἀρχίππῳ, βλέπε τὴν διακονίαν ἣν παρέλαβες ἐν Κυρίῳ, ἵνα αὐτὴν πληροῖς. 1 say to Archippus, “Look to the ministry that you have received in the Lord, that you may fulfill it.” Paul reminds Archippus of the task God had given him and that he, Archippus, was under obligation to the Lord to fulfill it. The words **Look**, **you have received**, and **you may fulfill** all refer to Archippus and should be singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
COL 4 17 d39x figs-you εἴπατε Ἀρχίππῳ, βλέπε τὴν διακονίαν ἣν παρέλαβες ἐν Κυρίῳ, ἵνα αὐτὴν πληροῖς. 1 say to Archippus, “Look to the ministry that you have received in the Lord, so that you may fulfill it.” Paul reminds Archippus of the task God had given him and that he, Archippus, was under obligation to the Lord to fulfill it. The words **Look**, **you have received**, and **you may fulfill** all refer to Archippus and should be singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
COL 4 18 an7s 0 Connecting Statement: Paul closes his letter with a greeting written in his own handwriting.
COL 4 18 h3kx figs-metonymy μνημονεύετέ μου τῶν δεσμῶν 1 Remember my chains Paul speaks of **chains** when he means his imprisonment. Alternate translation: “Remember me and pray for me while I am in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
COL 4 18 w2vm figs-metonymy ἡ χάρις μεθ’ ὑμῶν 1 Grace be with you Here, **Grace** stands for God, who shows grace or acts kindly to believers. Alternate translation: “I pray that our Lord Jesus Christ would continue to act graciously toward you all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
5 COL 1 1 nlf1 figs-exclusive 0 General Information: Throughout this letter the words “we,” “our,” and “ours” include the Colossians unless noted otherwise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
6 COL 1 1 bqvt figs-you 0 General Information: The words “you,” “your,” and “yours” refer to the Colossian believers and so are plural unless noted otherwise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
7 COL 1 1 fny3 ἀπόστολος Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ διὰ θελήματος Θεοῦ 1 an apostle of Christ Jesus through the will of God “whom God chose to be an apostle of Christ Jesus”
8 COL 1 3 q1su figs-exclusive εὐχαριστοῦμεν…τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν 1 We give thanks … of our Lord These words do not include the Colossians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) The words **We** and **our** do not include the Colossians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
9 COL 1 4 z6eb τὴν πίστιν ὑμῶν ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 your faith in Christ Jesus “your belief in Christ Jesus”
10 COL 1 5 n1qz figs-metonymy διὰ τὴν ἐλπίδα τὴν ἀποκειμένην ὑμῖν ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς 1 because of the hope that is reserved for you in the heavens Here, **hope** stands for what the believer can confidently expect, that is, the things that God has promised to do for all believers. These things are spoken of as if they were physical objects that God was keeping in the **heavens** for the believers to possess later. Alternate translation: “because you are certain that God, who is in heaven, will do the many good things that he has promised you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11 COL 1 5 xn8s τῷ λόγῳ τῆς ἀληθείας, τοῦ εὐαγγελίου 1 the word of truth, the gospel This could mean: (1) This refers to the message about the truth, the gospel. (2) This refers to the true message, the gospel.
12 COL 1 6 wk21 figs-metaphor ἐστὶν καρποφορούμενον καὶ αὐξανόμενον 1 it is … bearing fruit and is growing is bearing fruit and is growing Here, **fruit** is a metaphor for “result” or “outcome.” Alternate translation: “it is … having good results, more and more” or “this gospel is … having increasing results” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Here, **fruit** is a metaphor for “result” or “outcome.” Alternate translation: “is having good results, more and more” or “this gospel is having increasing results” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13 COL 1 6 z3g5 figs-hyperbole ἐν παντὶ τῷ κόσμῳ 1 in all the world This is a generalization referring to the part of the **world** that they knew about. Alternate translation: “throughout the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
14 COL 1 6 ait7 τὴν χάριν τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν ἀληθείᾳ 1 the grace of God in truth “the true grace of God”
15 COL 1 7 f8t1 figs-exclusive ἡμῶν…ἡμῶν 1 our … our The word **our** does not include the Colossians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
16 COL 1 7 mjv5 ἐμάθετε ἀπὸ Ἐπαφρᾶ, τοῦ ἀγαπητοῦ συνδούλου ἡμῶν, ὅς 1 gospel as you learned it from Epaphras, our beloved fellow servant, who as you learned it from Epaphras, our beloved fellow servant, who “you learned from Epaphras, who is our beloved fellow servant and who” or “Epaphras, our beloved fellow servant, taught you. He”
17 COL 1 7 q8gt Ἐπαφρᾶ, τοῦ ἀγαπητοῦ συνδούλου ἡμῶν, ὅς ἐστιν πιστὸς ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν διάκονος τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 Epaphras, our beloved fellow servant, who is a faithful servant of Christ on our behalf Here, **on our behalf** means that Epaphras was doing work for Christ that Paul himself would have done if he were not in prison.
18 COL 1 7 pz3h translate-names Ἐπαφρᾶ 1 Epaphras This is the man who preached the gospel to the people in Colossae. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
19 COL 1 8 k2k9 figs-exclusive ἡμῖν 1 to us The word **us** does not include the Colossians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
20 COL 1 8 e7ez figs-metaphor τὴν ὑμῶν ἀγάπην ἐν Πνεύματι 1 your love in the Spirit Paul speaks of the Holy Spirit as if he were a place in which the believers were located. Alternate translation: “how the Holy Spirit has enabled you to love believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21 COL 1 9 iyq4 0 Connecting Statement: Because the Spirit has enabled them to love others, Paul prays for them and tells them here how he prays for them.
22 COL 1 9 s83e διὰ τοῦτο 1 Because of this “Because the Holy Spirit has enabled you to love other believers”
23 COL 1 9 f2xd figs-exclusive ἡμεῖς…ἠκούσαμεν, οὐ παυόμεθα καὶ ἡμεῖς…ἠκούσαμεν, οὐ παυόμεθα 1 we heard this … we … have not stopped we heard this we also have not stopped The word **we** does not include the Colossians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
24 COL 1 9 u7zh ἀφ’ ἧς ἡμέρας ἠκούσαμεν 1 from the day we heard this “from the day Epaphras told us these things”
25 COL 1 9 w2a7 figs-metaphor ἵνα πληρωθῆτε τὴν ἐπίγνωσιν τοῦ θελήματος αὐτοῦ 1 that you might be filled with the knowledge of his will Paul speaks of the Colossian believers as though they were containers. Alternate translation: “that God would fill you with what you need to know so that you can do his will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
26 COL 1 9 mzz8 ἐν πάσῃ σοφίᾳ καὶ συνέσει πνευματικῇ 1 in all wisdom and spiritual understanding “, so that the Holy Spirit will make you wise and able to understand what God wants you to do”
27 COL 1 10 m4hf figs-metaphor περιπατῆσαι ἀξίως τοῦ Κυρίου 1 that you will walk worthily of the Lord to walk worthily of the Lord Here to **walk** signifies behavior in life. Alternate translation: “to live the way God expects you to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
28 COL 1 10 vv4g εἰς πᾶσαν ἀρεσκείαν 1 in every pleasing way “in ways that will please the Lord”
29 COL 1 10 vfp3 figs-metaphor καρποφοροῦντες 1 bearing fruit Paul is speaking of the Colossian believers as if they were trees or plants. As a plant grows and bears **fruit**, so also believers are to keep getting to know God better and doing good deeds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
30 COL 1 11 gxv6 figs-activepassive δυναμούμενοι 1 being strengthened You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God strengthening you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
34 COL 1 12 r2zw figs-metaphor τοῦ κλήρου 1 the inheritance Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
35 COL 1 12 hkf5 figs-metaphor ἐν τῷ φωτί 1 in the light This idea is opposite to the idea of the dominion of darkness in the next verse. Alternate translation: “in the glory of his presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
36 COL 1 13 g9d3 0 Connecting Statement: Paul talks about the ways in which Christ is excellent.
37 COL 1 13 dw5k figs-metaphor τῆς ἐξουσίας τοῦ σκότους 1 the authority of darkness the authority of the darkness Here, **darkness** is a metaphor for evil. Alternate translation: “the evil forces that controlled us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
38 COL 1 13 zav6 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τοῦ Υἱοῦ τῆς ἀγάπης αὐτοῦ 1 of his beloved Son “Son” is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
39 COL 1 14 wh6q figs-metaphor ἐν ᾧ 1 in whom Paul often speaks as if the believers were **in** Jesus Christ or “in” God. You can translate this as the beginning of a new sentence. Alternate translation: “by means of whom” or “by means of his Son” or “because of his Son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
40 COL 1 14 v5d8 figs-abstractnouns ἔχομεν τὴν ἀπολύτρωσιν, τὴν ἄφεσιν τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν 1 we have redemption, the forgiveness of sins The nouns **redemption** and **forgiveness** can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “we are redeemed; our sins are forgiven” or “God redeems us; he forgives our sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
71 COL 1 27 c8yb figs-metaphor τὸ πλοῦτος τῆς δόξης τοῦ μυστηρίου τούτου 1 the riches of the glory of this mystery Paul speaks of the value of this **mystery** about God as if it were a treasure of material wealth. “riches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
72 COL 1 27 c7ln figs-metaphor Χριστὸς ἐν ὑμῖν 1 Christ in you Paul speaks of the believers as if they were actual containers in which **Christ** is present. This is one of his ways of expressing the union of the believers with Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
73 COL 1 27 mr83 ἡ ἐλπὶς τῆς δόξης 1 the hope of glory “so you can confidently expect to share in God’s glory”
74 COL 1 28 va1x figs-exclusive ἡμεῖς καταγγέλλομεν…παραστήσωμεν 1 we proclaim … we may present We proclaim … we may present These word **we** does not include the Colossians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) These words **We** and **we** do not include the Colossians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
75 COL 1 28 na8w νουθετοῦντες πάντα ἄνθρωπον 1 admonishing every man “warning everyone”
76 COL 1 28 lyz1 figs-explicit ἵνα παραστήσωμεν πάντα ἄνθρωπον 1 so that we may present every man You may need to make explicit to whom they will present every person. Alternate translation: “so that we may present to God every person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
77 COL 1 28 uk2i figs-metaphor τέλειον 1 complete Being **complete** is a metaphor for being spiritually mature. Alternate translation: “spiritually mature” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
85 COL 2 2 kdg8 figs-metaphor πᾶν πλοῦτος τῆς πληροφορίας τῆς συνέσεως 1 all the riches of the full assurance of understanding Paul speaks of a person who is completely sure that the good news is true as though that person were rich in physical things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
86 COL 2 2 qgi2 τοῦ μυστηρίου τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 of the mystery of God This is knowledge that can be revealed only by God.
87 COL 2 2 v13e Χριστοῦ 1 Christ Jesus Christ is the mystery revealed by God.
88 COL 2 3 w74d figs-activepassive ἐν ᾧ εἰσιν πάντες οἱ θησαυροὶ τῆς σοφίας καὶ γνώσεως ἀπόκρυφοι 1 In him all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge are hidden in whom all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge are hidden Only Christ can reveal God’s true **wisdom** and **knowledge**. You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God has hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge in Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
89 COL 2 3 w4mr figs-metaphor οἱ θησαυροὶ τῆς σοφίας καὶ γνώσεως 1 the treasures of wisdom and knowledge Paul speaks of God’s **wisdom** and **knowledge** as if they were material wealth. Alternate translation: “the very precious wisdom and knowledge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
90 COL 2 3 vd98 figs-doublet τῆς σοφίας καὶ γνώσεως 1 of wisdom and knowledge These words mean basically the same thing here. Paul uses them together to emphasize that all spiritual understanding comes from Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
91 COL 2 4 j8di παραλογίζηται 1 may deceive might deceive This means to cause someone to believe something that is not true, so he acts on that belief, and suffers harm as a result.
92 COL 2 4 y4r3 πιθανολογίᾳ 1 persuasive speech speech that will make a person think differently
93 COL 2 5 g1rp figs-metonymy τῇ σαρκὶ ἄπειμι 1 I am absent in the flesh The person’s **flesh**, or physical body, is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: “not physically present with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
94 COL 2 5 bz56 figs-idiom τῷ πνεύματι σὺν ὑμῖν εἰμι 1 I am with you in the spirit Being with someone **in spirit** is a metaphor for thinking continually about that person. Alternate translation: “I continually think about you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) Being with someone **in the spirit** is a metaphor for thinking continually about that person. Alternate translation: “I continually think about you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
95 COL 2 5 ev9p τὴν τάξιν 1 good order doing things properly
96 COL 2 5 hth1 τὸ στερέωμα…πίστεως ὑμῶν 1 the strength of your faith “how nothing and no one can cause you to stop believing”
97 COL 2 6 m3f1 figs-metaphor ἐν αὐτῷ περιπατεῖτε 1 walk in him To **walk** on a path is a metaphor for how a person lives his life. The words **in him** refer to being in close relationship with Christ and so doing what pleases him. Alternate translation: “live your lives the way he wants you to” or “live so that people can see that you belong to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
98 COL 2 7 e2x6 figs-idiom ἐρριζωμένοι…ἐποικοδομούμενοι ἐν αὐτῷ…βεβαιούμενοι τῇ πίστει…περισσεύοντες ἐν εὐχαριστίᾳ 1 being rooted … built up in him … confirmed in the faith … abounding in thanksgiving These words explain what it means to “walk in him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
99 COL 2 7 fw47 figs-metaphor ἐρριζωμένοι 1 being rooted Paul speaks of a person with true faith in Christ as if that person were a tree growing in solid ground with deep roots. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
100 COL 2 7 tb5m figs-metaphor ἐποικοδομούμενοι ἐν αὐτῷ 1 built up in him Paul speaks of a person with true faith in Christ as if that person were a building that has a strong foundation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
101 COL 2 7 yh83 βεβαιούμενοι τῇ πίστει 1 be confirmed in the faith confirmed in the faith “trusting in Jesus for everything”
102 COL 2 7 l1is καθὼς ἐδιδάχθητε 1 just as you were taught This is best stated without naming or otherwise calling attention to the teacher, who was Epaphras ([Colossians 1:7](../01/07.md)). Alternate translation: “just as you learned” or “just as they taught you” or “just as he taught you”
103 COL 2 7 j47d figs-metaphor περισσεύοντες ἐν εὐχαριστίᾳ 1 abounding in thanksgiving Paul speaks of **thanksgiving** as if it were objects that a person could obtain more of. Alternate translation: “be very thankful to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
104 COL 2 8 cbw5 0 Connecting Statement: Paul urges the believers to be careful not to turn to the words and rules of others because nothing can add to the fullness of God that believers have in Christ.
107 COL 2 8 t8xx figs-metaphor κενῆς ἀπάτης 1 empty deceit Paul speaks of false ideas that produce nothing and so are without value as though they are containers with nothing in them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
108 COL 2 8 l9jt τὴν παράδοσιν τῶν ἀνθρώπων…τὰ στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου 1 the tradition of men … the elemental teaching of the world Both Jewish traditions and pagan (Gentile) belief systems are worthless. The **elemental teaching of the world** perhaps refers to evil spirits that claimed to rule the world and that were adored by people. But some interpreters view the **elemental teaching of the world** as people’s basic teachings about the world.
109 COL 2 9 ahq5 ἐν αὐτῷ κατοικεῖ πᾶν τὸ πλήρωμα τῆς Θεότητος σωματικῶς 1 in him all the fullness of God dwells in bodily form “God’s total nature lives in physical form in Christ”
110 COL 2 10 lbk7 figs-metaphor ἐστὲ ἐν αὐτῷ πεπληρωμένοι 1 you are filled in him Paul speaks of people as though they were containers into which God has placed Christ. Alternate translation: “You are made complete in Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Paul speaks of people as though they were containers into which God has placed Christ. Alternate translation: “you are made complete in Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
111 COL 2 10 je36 figs-metaphor ὅς ἐστιν ἡ κεφαλὴ πάσης ἀρχῆς καὶ ἐξουσίας 1 who is the head of all rule and authority Christ is the ruler over every other ruler (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
112 COL 2 11 xeq7 figs-metaphor ἐν ᾧ καὶ περιετμήθητε 1 In him you were also circumcised in whom you were also circumcised Paul is speaking of those who belong to Christ as if they were inside Christ’s body. Alternate translation: “Because you are in Christ, you have been circumcised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Paul is speaking of those who belong to Christ as if they were inside Christ’s body. Alternate translation: “because you are in Christ, you have been circumcised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
113 COL 2 11 f6ek figs-activepassive ἐν ᾧ καὶ περιετμήθητε 1 In him you were also circumcised in whom you were also circumcised This can also be made active. Alternate translation: “In Christ, God circumcised you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) This can also be made active. Alternate translation: “in Christ, God circumcised you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
114 COL 2 11 ii43 figs-metaphor περιτομῇ ἀχειροποιήτῳ 1 a circumcision made without hands with a circumcision made without hands With this metaphor, Paul says that God has made Christian believers acceptable to himself in a way that reminded him of **circumcision**, the ceremony through which Hebrew male babies were added to the community of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
115 COL 2 12 ln8e figs-metaphor συνταφέντες αὐτῷ ἐν τῷ βαπτισμῷ 1 You were buried with him in baptism having been buried with him in baptism Paul speaks of being baptized and joining the assembly of believers as if it were being buried with Christ. Alternate translation: “It is as if you were buried with Christ when you were baptized” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Paul speaks of being baptized and joining the assembly of believers as if it were being buried with Christ. Alternate translation: “as if you were buried with Christ when you were baptized” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
116 COL 2 12 r8l8 figs-activepassive συνταφέντες αὐτῷ ἐν τῷ βαπτισμῷ 1 You were buried with him in baptism having been buried with him in baptism This can be made active. Alternate translation: “When someone baptized you, it was as if God buried you with Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) This can be made active. Alternate translation: “when someone baptized you, it was as if God buried you with Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
117 COL 2 12 g1rq figs-metaphor ἐν ᾧ…συνηγέρθητε 1 in him you were raised up in whom you were raised up With this metaphor, Paul speaks of the new spiritual life of believers that God made possible by making Christ come alive again. Alternate translation: “in him God caused you to live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
118 COL 2 12 yp7u figs-activepassive ἐν ᾧ…συνηγέρθητε 1 in him you were raised up in whom you were raised up This can be made active. Alternate translation: “because you have joined yourself to Christ, God raised you up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
119 COL 2 12 rec6 figs-idiom συνηγέρθητε 1 you were raised up Here to be **raised up** is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Alternate translation: “God caused you to live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
120 COL 2 12 qcsm figs-activepassive συνηγέρθητε 1 you were raised you were raised up You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “God raised you up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
121 COL 2 13 v6vi figs-metaphor ὑμᾶς νεκροὺς ὄντας 1 you, being dead Paul speaks of unresponsiveness to God as if it were death. Alternate translation: “when you Colossian believers were unable to respond to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
122 COL 2 13 f9ms figs-metaphor ὑμᾶς νεκροὺς ὄντας…συνεζωοποίησεν ὑμᾶς 1 you, being dead … he made you alive together With this metaphor Paul speaks of coming into new spiritual life as if it were coming back to life physically. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
123 COL 2 13 wh4z νεκροὺς…ἐν τοῖς παραπτώμασιν καὶ τῇ ἀκροβυστίᾳ τῆς σαρκὸς ὑμῶν 1 dead in your trespasses and the uncircumcision of your flesh You were dead on two accounts: (1) You were spiritually dead, living a life of sin against Christ. (2) You were not circumcised according to the law of Moses.
126 COL 2 15 gh24 figs-metaphor ἐδειγμάτισεν ἐν παρρησίᾳ 1 he made a public spectacle of them In Roman times, it was common practice for the Roman armies to have a victory parade when they returned home, displaying all the prisoners they had captured and goods they had obtained. God was victorious over the evil powers and authorities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
127 COL 2 15 cg37 figs-metonymy ἐν αὐτῷ 1 in the cross Here, **the cross** stands for Christ’s death on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
128 COL 2 16 cii9 ἐν βρώσει, καὶ ἐν πόσει 1 in food or in drink The law of Moses included what one can eat and drink. “for what you eat or what you drink”
129 COL 2 16 b4kd ἐν μέρει ἑορτῆς, ἢ νουμηνίας, ἢ Σαββάτων 1 in regard to a festival, or a new moon, or Sabbath days in regard to a festival, or a new moon, or Sabbaths The law of Moses specified the days to celebrate, to worship, and to offer sacrifice. “for the way you celebrate feast days or new moons or the Sabbath”
130 COL 2 17 ip3a figs-metaphor ἅ ἐστιν σκιὰ τῶν μελλόντων, τὸ δὲ σῶμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 which are a shadow of the things that are coming, but the body is of Christ which are a shadow of the things coming, but the body is of Christ A **shadow** shows the shape of an object, but it is not the object itself. In a similar way, the festivals, celebrations, and Sabbath show us something about how God would save people, but those things do not save people. The savior is **Christ**. Alternate translation: “which are like a shadow of what would happen, but the reality is Christ” or “which are like a shadow of the savior who would come, but the savior is Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
131 COL 2 18 zv2t figs-metaphor μηδεὶς ὑμᾶς καταβραβευέτω 1 Let no one … deprive you of your prize Here Paul refers to false teachers as if they were corrupt judges at an athletic contest who would unjustly disqualify the believers from winning the **prize** they deserve, and he speaks of Christ saving a person as if Christ were giving a prize to the winner of such a contest. Alternate translation: “Let no one … disqualify you from winning a prize” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
132 COL 2 18 b5ce figs-metonymy θέλων ἐν ταπεινοφροσύνῃ 1 delighting in false humility The word **humility** is a metonym for actions one does to make others think that one is humble. Alternate translation: “who wants you to do things to show that you are humble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
133 COL 2 18 kn5d figs-metaphor ἃ ἑόρακεν ἐμβατεύων 1 standing on things he has seen Here Paul speaks about people who claim to have dreams and visions from God and who talk proudly about them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
146 COL 3 intro qtl2 0 # Colossians 03 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The second part of this chapter parallels Ephesians 5 and 6.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Old and new self<br><br>The old and new self mean the same as the old and new man. The term “old man” probably refers to the sinful nature with which a person is born. The “new man” is the new nature or new life that God gives a person after they come to believe in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Character<br><br>Many of the things Paul encourages his readers to pursue or avoid are not actions but character qualities. Because of this, they may be difficult to translate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])<br><br>### “The things above”<br><br>Where God dwells is often pictured as being located “above.” Paul says to “seek the things above” and to “think about the things above.” He is implying Christians should seek and think about heavenly and godly things.
147 COL 3 1 ya97 0 Connecting Statement: Paul warns the believers that because they are one with Christ, they ought not do certain things.
148 COL 3 1 r5yh figs-idiom εἰ οὖν 1 If, therefore This is an idiom that means “Because.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
149 COL 3 1 t1jv figs-idiom συνηγέρθητε τῷ Χριστῷ 1 you have been raised with Christ you were raised with Christ Here to be **raised** is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. This could mean: (1) Because God has caused Christ to come alive again, God has already given the believers in Colossae new spiritual life. Alternate translation: “God has given you new life because you belong to Christ” (2) Because God has caused Christ to come alive again, the believers in Colossae can know that after they die they will live with Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
150 COL 3 1 qmzv figs-pastforfuture συνηγέρθητε τῷ Χριστῷ 1 you have been raised with Christ you were raised with Christ Because the believers in Colossae can know that after they die they will live with Christ, Paul can speak of the believers living again as if it has already happened. Alternate translation: “you can be sure that God will give you life as he has caused Christ to come alive again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
151 COL 3 1 p3fw τὰ ἄνω 1 the things above “the things in heaven”
152 COL 3 3 l9yk figs-metaphor ἀπεθάνετε γάρ 1 For you died As Christ actually died, so God counts the Colossian believers as having **died** with Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
153 COL 3 3 gkz6 figs-metaphor ἡ ζωὴ ὑμῶν κέκρυπται σὺν τῷ Χριστῷ ἐν τῷ Θεῷ 1 your life has been hidden with Christ in God Paul speaks of people’s lives as if they were objects that can be hidden in containers and speaks of God as if he were a container. Alternate translation: This could mean: (1) “it is as though God has taken your life and concealed it with Christ in God’s presence” (2) “only God knows what your true life really is, and he will reveal it when he reveals Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
157 COL 3 5 e65k πάθος 1 passion strong, lustful desire
158 COL 3 5 h5v4 τὴν πλεονεξίαν, ἥτις ἐστὶν εἰδωλολατρία 1 envy, which is idolatry “covetousness, which is the same thing as idolatry” or “do not desire what other people have because that is the same as worshiping idols”
159 COL 3 6 s9lm ἡ ὀργὴ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the wrath of God God’s anger against those who do evil as shown by what he does to punish them.
160 COL 3 7 p4q8 figs-metaphor ἐν οἷς καὶ ὑμεῖς περιεπατήσατέ ποτε 1 In these things you also formerly walked in which you also formerly walked Paul speaks of the way a person behaves as if it were a road or path a person walks on. Alternate translation: “These are the things you used to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Paul speaks of the way a person behaves as if it were a road or path a person walks on. Alternate translation: “the things you used to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
161 COL 3 7 s824 figs-metaphor ὅτε ἐζῆτε ἐν τούτοις 1 when you were living in them This could mean: (1) This means they practiced these things. (2) This means they lived among the people who disobey God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
162 COL 3 8 d3wr κακίαν 1 evil desire “desire to do wicked deeds”
163 COL 3 8 lgz1 βλασφημίαν 1 slander speech used to hurt others
175 COL 3 12 d217 figs-metaphor ἐνδύσασθε…σπλάγχνα οἰκτιρμοῦ, χρηστότητα, ταπεινοφροσύνην, πραΰτητα, μακροθυμίαν 1 put on inward parts of mercy, kindness, humility, gentleness, and patience The ** inward parts** is a metaphor for feelings and attitudes. Here it is spoken of as if it has certain feelings and attitudes, and as if it were clothing to wear. Alternate translation: “have a merciful, kind, humble, gentle, and patient heart” or “be merciful, kind, humble, gentle, and patient” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
176 COL 3 13 r8iy ἀνεχόμενοι ἀλλήλων 1 bearing with one another “being patient with one another” or “accepting each other even when you disappoint each other”
177 COL 3 13 rts1 χαριζόμενοι ἑαυτοῖς 1 being gracious to each other “treating each other better than they deserve for you to treat them”
178 COL 3 13 p474 figs-abstractnouns πρός…ἔχῃ μομφήν 1 hay have a complaint against may have a complaint against You can state the abstract noun **complaint** as “complain.” Alternate translation: “might have a reason to complain against” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
179 COL 3 14 x5g8 figs-metaphor τὴν ἀγάπην, ὅ ἐστιν σύνδεσμος τῆς τελειότητος 1 put on love, which is the bond of perfection love, which is the bond of perfection Here, **bond of perfection** is a metaphor for something that causes perfect unity among people. Alternate translation: “love one another because it will unite you perfectly together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Here, **the bond of perfection** is a metaphor for something that causes perfect unity among people. Alternate translation: “love one another because it will unite you perfectly together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
180 COL 3 15 hdg5 figs-metonymy ἡ εἰρήνη τοῦ Χριστοῦ βραβευέτω ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν 1 let the peace of Christ rule in your hearts Paul speaks of the **peace** that **Christ** gives as if it were a ruler. This could mean: (1) They should do everything so that they can have peaceful relationships with each other. (2) This means they should allow God to give them peace in their heart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
181 COL 3 15 i9hg figs-metonymy ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν 1 in your hearts Here, **hearts** is a metonym for a people’s minds or inner being. Alternate translation: “in your minds” or “inside of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
182 COL 3 16 w9dv figs-metaphor ὁ λόγος τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐνοικείτω ἐν ὑμῖν 1 Let the word of Christ dwell in you Paul speaks of the **word of Christ** as if it were a person capable of living inside other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
190 COL 3 18 flu9 0 Connecting Statement: Paul then gives some special instructions to wives, husbands, children, fathers, slaves, and masters.
191 COL 3 18 tt9u αἱ γυναῖκες, ὑποτάσσεσθε τοῖς ἀνδράσιν 1 Wives, submit to your husbands “Wives, obey your own husbands”
192 COL 3 18 b2y3 ἀνῆκεν 1 is fitting “is proper” or “is right”
193 COL 3 19 lc4a μὴ πικραίνεσθε πρὸς 1 do not be bitter against do not be embittered against “do not be harsh with” or “do not be angry toward”
194 COL 3 21 bvi3 μὴ ἐρεθίζετε τὰ τέκνα ὑμῶν 1 do not provoke your children “do not needlessly make your children angry”
195 COL 3 22 cx6a ὑπακούετε…τοῖς κατὰ σάρκα κυρίοις 1 obey your masters according to the flesh “obey your human masters”
196 COL 3 22 iy1n πάντα…μὴ ἐν ὀφθαλμοδουλεία, ὡς ἀνθρωπάρεσκοι 1 all things, not with eyeservice as people pleasers “all things. Do not obey only when your master is watching, as though you need only to please people”
199 COL 3 24 f3ed τὴν ἀνταπόδοσιν τῆς κληρονομίας 1 the reward of the inheritance “the inheritance as your reward”
200 COL 3 24 p3pw figs-metaphor τῆς κληρονομίας 1 of the inheritance Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
201 COL 3 25 u5lx ὁ…ἀδικῶν, κομιεῖται ὃ ἠδίκησεν 1 the one who does unrighteousness will receive what he did unrighteously The phrase **receive the what he did unrighteously** means to be punished for bad actions. Alternate translation: “anyone who does unrighteousness will be punished for those things” or “God will punish anyone who does what is unrighteous”
202 COL 3 25 ak8j ἀδικῶν 1 who does unrighteousness doing unrighteousness who actively does wrong of any kind actively doing wrong of any kind
203 COL 3 25 c9fx figs-abstractnouns οὐκ ἔστιν προσωπολημψία 1 there is no favoritism The abstract noun **favoritism** can be expressed with the verb “favor.” To favor some people is to judge them by different standards so the result is better for them than for others who do the same actions. Alternate translation: “God does not favor anyone” or “God judges everyone by the same standard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
204 COL 4 intro nm3y 0 # Colossians 04 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>[Colossians 4:1](../../col/04/01.md) appears to belong with the topics of Chapter 3 instead of Chapter 4.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “In my own hand”<br><br>It was common in the ancient Near East for the author to speak and someone else to write down the words. Many of the New Testament letters were written this way. Paul wrote the final greeting himself.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Secret truth<br><br>Paul refers to a “secret truth” in this chapter. The role of the church in the plans of God was once unknown. But God has now revealed it. Part of this involves the Gentiles having equal standing with the Jews in the plans of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])
205 COL 4 1 qhd2 0 Connecting Statement: After speaking to masters, Paul ends his special instructions to the different kinds of believers in the church at Colossae.
212 COL 4 3 lj4f ἀνοίξῃ ἡμῖν θύραν τοῦ λόγου 1 may open a door to us for the word “may make an opportunity for us tp preach his message”
213 COL 4 3 ce37 τὸ μυστήριον τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 the mystery of Christ This refers to the gospel of Jesus Christ, which was not understood before Christ came.
214 COL 4 3 q4jx figs-metonymy δι’ ὃ καὶ δέδεμαι 1 on account of which also I have been bound Here, **bound** is a metonym for being in prison. Alternate translation: “It is for proclaiming the message of Jesus Christ that I am now in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
215 COL 4 4 hm5w ἵνα φανερώσω αὐτὸ 1 in order that I may make it clear “that I might be able to speak the message of Jesus Christ clearly” “so that I might be able to speak the message of Jesus Christ clearly”
216 COL 4 5 z3ax figs-metaphor ἐν σοφίᾳ περιπατεῖτε πρὸς τοὺς ἔξω 1 Walk in wisdom toward those outside The idea of walking is often used for the idea of conducting one’s life. Alternate translation: “Live in such a way that those who are not believers will see that you are wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
217 COL 4 5 b525 figs-metaphor τὸν καιρὸν ἐξαγοραζόμενοι 1 redeeming the time To redeem something means to restore it to its rightful owner. Here, **time** is spoken of as something that can be restored and used to serve God. Alternate translation: “doing the best things you can with your time” or “putting the time to its best use” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
218 COL 4 6 fuv5 figs-metaphor ὁ λόγος ὑμῶν πάντοτε ἐν χάριτι, ἅλατι ἠρτυμένος 1 your words always with grace, seasoned with salt Food with **salt** is a metaphor for words that teach others and that others enjoy hearing. Alternate translation: “your conversation always gracious and attractive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
222 COL 4 7 xzz4 τὰ κατ’ ἐμὲ 1 the things concerning me “everything that has been happening to me”
223 COL 4 7 p7c1 σύνδουλος 1 fellow slave “fellow servant.” Though Paul is a free man, he sees himself as a slave of Christ and sees Tychicus as a fellow slave.
224 COL 4 8 vyq5 figs-exclusive τὰ περὶ ἡμῶν 1 the things concerning us These words do not include the Colossians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
225 COL 4 8 fr1z figs-metaphor παρακαλέσῃ τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν 1 he may encourage your hearts he might encourage your hearts The heart was thought to be the center of many emotions. Alternate translation: “he may encourage you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) The heart was thought to be the center of many emotions. Alternate translation: “he might encourage you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
226 COL 4 9 yqh9 τῷ πιστῷ καὶ ἀγαπητῷ ἀδελφῷ 1 the faithful and beloved brother Paul calls Onesimus a fellow Christian and servant of Christ.
227 COL 4 9 n15d ὑμῖν γνωρίσουσιν 1 they will make known to you “Tychicus and Onesimus will tell you”
228 COL 4 9 vb7j πάντα…τὰ ὧδε 1 all the things here They will tell the Colossian believers all that is taking place where Paul is currently living. Tradition says Paul was in Rome under house arrest or in prison at this time.
229 COL 4 10 wmf4 Ἀρίσταρχος 1 Aristarchus He was in prison with Paul in Ephesus when Paul wrote this letter to the Colossians.
230 COL 4 10 cg3a ἐὰν ἔλθῃ 1 if he comes if he may come “if Mark comes”
231 COL 4 11 bm6s Ἰησοῦς, ὁ λεγόμενος Ἰοῦστος 1 Jesus who is called Justus This is a man who also worked with Paul.
232 COL 4 11 ci74 figs-metonymy οἱ ὄντες ἐκ περιτομῆς οὗτοι, μόνοι συνεργοὶ εἰς τὴν Βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 These are the only fellow workers for the kingdom of God who are from the circumcision These are the only fellow workers for the kingdom of God being from the circumcision Paul uses **circumcision** here to refer to Jews because, under the Old Testament law, all male Jews had to be circumcised. Alternate translation: “These three men are the only Jewish believers working with me to proclaim God as king through Christ Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
233 COL 4 11 p8e9 οὗτοι 1 These are “These men—Aristarchus, Mark, and Justus—are”
234 COL 4 12 et2g 0 General Information: Laodicea and Hierapolis were towns close to Colossae.
235 COL 4 12 gg86 Ἐπαφρᾶς 1 Epaphras Epaphras was the man who had preached the good news to the people in Colossae ([Colossians 1:7](../01/07.md)).
237 COL 4 12 ek51 δοῦλος Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ 1 a servant of Christ Jesus “a committed disciple of Christ Jesus”
238 COL 4 12 p8ff πάντοτε ἀγωνιζόμενος ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν ἐν ταῖς προσευχαῖς 1 always striving on behalf of you in prayers “always earnestly praying for you”
239 COL 4 12 nuh9 σταθῆτε τέλειοι καὶ πεπληροφορημένοι 1 you may stand complete and fully assured “you may stand mature and confident”
240 COL 4 13 k8vv μαρτυρῶ…αὐτῷ, ὅτι ἔχει πολὺν πόνον ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν 1 I testify for him, that he has much pain on behalf of you I testify for him, that he has much hard labor on behalf of you “I have observed and can report that he has suffered much on your behalf” “I have observed and can report that he has worked very hard on your behalf”
241 COL 4 14 hq1k Δημᾶς 1 Demas This is another co-worker with Paul.
242 COL 4 15 sc5g τοὺς…ἀδελφοὺς 1 the brothers Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
243 COL 4 15 zkp3 ἐν Λαοδικίᾳ 1 in Laodicea a city very close to Colossae where there was also a church
244 COL 4 15 wyk3 Νύμφαν, καὶ τὴν κατ’ οἶκον αὐτῆς ἐκκλησίαν 1 Nympha, and the church that is in her house A woman named **Nympha** hosted a **house** **church**. Alternate translation: “Nympha and the group of believers that meets in her house”
245 COL 4 17 d39x figs-you εἴπατε Ἀρχίππῳ, βλέπε τὴν διακονίαν ἣν παρέλαβες ἐν Κυρίῳ, ἵνα αὐτὴν πληροῖς. 1 say to Archippus, “Look to the ministry that you have received in the Lord, that you may fulfill it.” say to Archippus, “Look to the ministry that you have received in the Lord, so that you may fulfill it.” Paul reminds Archippus of the task God had given him and that he, Archippus, was under obligation to the Lord to fulfill it. The words **Look**, **you have received**, and **you may fulfill** all refer to Archippus and should be singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
246 COL 4 18 an7s 0 Connecting Statement: Paul closes his letter with a greeting written in his own handwriting.
247 COL 4 18 h3kx figs-metonymy μνημονεύετέ μου τῶν δεσμῶν 1 Remember my chains Paul speaks of **chains** when he means his imprisonment. Alternate translation: “Remember me and pray for me while I am in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
248 COL 4 18 w2vm figs-metonymy ἡ χάρις μεθ’ ὑμῶν 1 Grace be with you Here, **Grace** stands for God, who shows grace or acts kindly to believers. Alternate translation: “I pray that our Lord Jesus Christ would continue to act graciously toward you all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])