diff --git a/en_tn_50-EPH.tsv b/en_tn_50-EPH.tsv index c08bac6f0..6b6eda859 100644 --- a/en_tn_50-EPH.tsv +++ b/en_tn_50-EPH.tsv @@ -334,14 +334,14 @@ EPH 5 8 iw4q figs-metaphor νῦν δὲ φῶς ἐν Κυρίῳ 1 but now are EPH 5 8 abdu grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 but The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. The fact that the Ephesian believers were formerly darkness is in contrast to the fact that they are now light. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) EPH 5 8 l6ki figs-metaphor ὡς τέκνα φωτὸς περιπατεῖτε 1 Walk as children of light To **Walk** on a path is a metaphor for how a person lives his life. Alternate translation: “Live as people who understand what the Lord wants them to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EPH 5 8 abc9 figs-simile ὡς τέκνα φωτὸς 1 as children of light God desires us to imitate or follow him since we are his spiritual **children**. Alternate translation: “as God’s children who know the truth” or “because you are God’s children and see the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -EPH 5 9 q194 figs-metaphor ὁ…καρπὸς τοῦ φωτὸς ἐν πάσῃ ἀγαθωσύνῃ, καὶ δικαιοσύνῃ, καὶ ἀληθείᾳ 1 the fruit of the light consists in all goodness and righteousness and truth Here, **fruit** here is a metaphor for “result” or “outcome.” Alternate translation: “the result of living in the light is good work, right living, and truthful behavior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +EPH 5 9 q194 figs-metaphor ὁ…καρπὸς τοῦ φωτὸς ἐν πάσῃ ἀγαθωσύνῃ, καὶ δικαιοσύνῃ, καὶ ἀληθείᾳ 1 the fruit of the light consists in all goodness and righteousness and truth Here, **fruit** is a metaphor for “result” or “outcome.” Alternate translation: “the result of living in the light is good work, right living, and truthful behavior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EPH 5 9 abdv grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 for The connecting word **for** introduces the reason of a reason-result relationship. The reason is that fruit of the light is goodness and righteousness and truth. The result is that the Ephesian believers should walk as children of light. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) EPH 5 11 zdu1 figs-metaphor μὴ συνκοινωνεῖτε τοῖς ἔργοις τοῖς ἀκάρποις τοῦ σκότους 1 do not take part in the unfruitful works of darkness Paul speaks of the useless, sinful things that unbelievers do as if they are evil deeds that people do in the dark so no one will see them. Alternate translation: “do not do useless, sinful things with unbelievers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EPH 5 11 v4d1 figs-metaphor τοῖς ἔργοις τοῖς ἀκάρποις τοῦ σκότους 1 in the unfruitful works of darkness Here Paul is comparing evil actions to an unhealthy tree that produces nothing good. Alternate translation: “actions that do nothing good, useful, or profitable, caused by darkness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EPH 5 11 abc8 figs-metaphor τοῖς ἔργοις τοῖς ἀκάρποις τοῦ σκότους 1 in the unfruitful works of darkness The word **darkness** is often used to represent sin. In this instance, these works result from sinful motives. Alternate translation: “deeds that are worthless because they were done from sinful motives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) EPH 5 11 abdx grammar-connect-logic-contrast μᾶλλον δὲ 1 but rather The connecting phrase **but rather** introduces contrast relationship. Participating in the works of darkness is in contrast to exposing them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) EPH 5 11 hpl2 figs-metaphor ἐλέγχετε 1 expose them Speaking against the works of darkness is spoken of as bringing them out into the light so that people can see them. Alternate translation: “bring them out into the light” or “uncover them” or “show and tell people how wrong these actions are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -EPH 5 12 cd23 writing-pronouns αὐτῶν 1 them Here, **them** here refers to the “sons of disobedience” mentioned in 5:6 and also referred to as “them” in 5:7. If it is unclear who “them” refers to in either place, then use “those who disobey God” or a similar phrase. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) +EPH 5 12 cd23 writing-pronouns αὐτῶν 1 them Here, **them** refers to the “sons of disobedience” mentioned in 5:6 and also referred to as “them” in 5:7. If it is unclear who “them” refers to in either place, then use “those who disobey God” or a similar phrase. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) EPH 5 13 sp1z 0 General Information: It is unknown if this quotation is a combination of quotations from the prophet Isaiah or a quotation from a hymn sung by the believers. EPH 5 13 abdy grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 But The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. Hiding the shameful works of darkness now is in contrast to the light exposing them later. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) EPH 5 13 vqi7 figs-metaphor πᾶν…τὸ φανερούμενον φῶς ἐστιν 1 everything that is revealed is light Paul makes this general statement in order to imply that God’s Word shows people’s actions to be good or bad. The Bible often speaks of God’s truth as if it were **light** that could reveal the character of something. Alternate translation: “if you compare everything to what God says, you can know if it is good or bad” See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/en_tn_51-PHP.tsv b/en_tn_51-PHP.tsv index 043c43549..d011982de 100644 --- a/en_tn_51-PHP.tsv +++ b/en_tn_51-PHP.tsv @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ PHP 1 12 yrp2 δὲ 1 Now Here the word **Now** is used to mark a new part of t PHP 1 12 tu2t ἀδελφοί 1 brothers Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women, because all believers in Christ are members of one spiritual family, with God as their heavenly Father. PHP 1 12 zy4g figs-explicit ὅτι τὰ κατ’ ἐμὲ 1 that the things concerning me Paul is talking about his time in prison. Alternate translation: “that the things I suffered because I was put into prison for preaching about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) PHP 1 12 q288 μᾶλλον εἰς προκοπὴν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου ἐλήλυθεν 1 have really happened for the advancement of the gospel “have caused more people to hear the gospel” -PHP 1 13 h1ly figs-metonymy τοὺς δεσμούς μου φανεροὺς ἐν Χριστῷ γενέσθαι 1 my chains in Christ became apparent Here, **chains in Christ** here is a metonym for being in prison for the sake of Christ. Alternate translation: “It became known that I am in prison for the sake of Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +PHP 1 13 h1ly figs-metonymy τοὺς δεσμούς μου φανεροὺς ἐν Χριστῷ γενέσθαι 1 my chains in Christ became apparent Here, **chains in Christ** is a metonym for being in prison for the sake of Christ. Alternate translation: “It became known that I am in prison for the sake of Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PHP 1 13 wi6n figs-activepassive τοὺς δεσμούς μου φανεροὺς ἐν Χριστῷ γενέσθαι, ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ πραιτωρίῳ καὶ τοῖς λοιποῖς πᾶσιν 1 my chains in Christ became apparent among the whole palace guard and all the others This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the palace guards and many other people in Rome came to know that I am in chains for the sake of Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) PHP 1 13 f8az τοὺς δεσμούς μου…ἐν Χριστῷ 1 my chains in Christ Here Paul uses the preposition **in** to mean “for the sake of.” Alternate translation: “my chains for the sake of Christ” or “my chains because I teach people about Christ” PHP 1 13 i46j figs-metonymy τοὺς δεσμούς μου 1 my chains Here the word **chains** is a metonym for imprisonment. Alternate translation: “my imprisonment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/en_tn_52-COL.tsv b/en_tn_52-COL.tsv index 5464f22e3..7ed171e07 100644 --- a/en_tn_52-COL.tsv +++ b/en_tn_52-COL.tsv @@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ COL 3 19 lc4a μὴ πικραίνεσθε πρὸς 1 do not be bitter against COL 3 21 bvi3 μὴ ἐρεθίζετε τὰ τέκνα ὑμῶν 1 do not provoke your children “do not needlessly make your children angry” COL 3 22 cx6a ὑπακούετε…τοῖς κατὰ σάρκα κυρίοις 1 obey your masters according to the flesh “obey your human masters” COL 3 22 iy1n πάντα…μὴ ἐν ὀφθαλμοδουλεία, ὡς ἀνθρωπάρεσκοι 1 all things, not with eyeservice as people pleasers “all things. Do not obey only when your master is watching, as though you need only to please people” -COL 3 22 r22m figs-metonymy ἐν ἁπλότητι καρδίας 1 with sincerity of heart Here, **heart** here is a metonym for a person’s thoughts or intentions. Alternate translation: “with all honest intentions” or “with sincerity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +COL 3 22 r22m figs-metonymy ἐν ἁπλότητι καρδίας 1 with sincerity of heart Here, **heart** is a metonym for a person’s thoughts or intentions. Alternate translation: “with all honest intentions” or “with sincerity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) COL 3 23 arw4 ὡς τῷ Κυρίῳ 1 as to the Lord “as you would work for the Lord” COL 3 24 f3ed τὴν ἀνταπόδοσιν τῆς κληρονομίας 1 the reward of the inheritance “the inheritance as your reward” COL 3 24 p3pw figs-metaphor τῆς κληρονομίας 1 of the inheritance Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/en_tn_57-TIT.tsv b/en_tn_57-TIT.tsv index 6b7b38b8f..c051e51aa 100644 --- a/en_tn_57-TIT.tsv +++ b/en_tn_57-TIT.tsv @@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ TIT 1 16 i3l2 τοῖς…ἔργοις ἀρνοῦνται 1 they deny him by TIT 1 16 ja47 βδελυκτοὶ ὄντες 1 They are detestable “They are disgusting” TIT 2 intro h3il 0 # Titus 02 General Notes

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Gender roles

Scholars are divided over how to understand this passage in its historical and cultural context. Some scholars believe men and women are perfectly equal in all things. Other scholars believe God created men and women to serve in distinctly different roles in marriage and the church. Translators should be careful not to let how they understand this issue affect how they translate this passage.

### Slavery

Paul does not write in this chapter about whether slavery is good or bad. Paul teaches slaves to faithfully serve their masters. He teaches all believers to be godly and live rightly in every situation. TIT 2 1 lfu1 0 Connecting Statement: Paul continues giving Titus reasons to preach God’s word, and explains how the older men, older women, young men, and slaves or servants should live as believers. -TIT 2 1 tpi2 figs-explicit σὺ δὲ 1 But you Here, **you** here is singular and refers to Titus. If it is helpful, you can include the name “Titus” here as in the UST ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +TIT 2 1 tpi2 figs-explicit σὺ δὲ 1 But you Here, **you** is singular and refers to Titus. If it is helpful, you can include the name “Titus” here as in the UST ([[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) TIT 2 1 ph2j τῇ ὑγιαινούσῃ διδασκαλίᾳ 1 with sound teaching See the note on [Titus 1:9](../01/09/pzi1). Alternate translation: “with sound doctrine” or “with correct teachings” TIT 2 2 xyz3 figs-ellipsis πρεσβύτας…εἶναι 1 Older men are to be The Greek does not have **are**, but only “Older men to be.” We need to supply a verb here, drawing from the idea of **speak** in the previous verse, such as **teach** or **exhort**. Alternate translation: “Teach older men to be” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) TIT 2 2 xy13 figs-doublet νηφαλίους…σεμνούς, σώφρονας 1 temperate, dignified, sensible These three words are very close in meaning and may be combined into one or two terms if the target language does not have three separate terms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) @@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ TIT 2 3 abc4 καλοδιδασκάλους 1 but to be teachers of what is goo TIT 2 4 abc5 φιλάνδρους 1 lovers of their husbands “lovers of their own husbands” TIT 2 4 abca φιλοτέκνους 1 and lovers of their children “and lovers of their own children” TIT 2 5 abcb ὑποτασσομένας τοῖς ἰδίοις ἀνδράσιν 1 and subject to their own husbands “and to obey their own husbands” -TIT 2 5 t5v6 figs-metonymy ἵνα μὴ ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ βλασφημῆται 1 so that the word of God may not be insulted Here, **word** here is a metonym for “message”, which in turn is a metonym for God himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +TIT 2 5 t5v6 figs-metonymy ἵνα μὴ ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ βλασφημῆται 1 so that the word of God may not be insulted Here, **word** is a metonym for “message”, which in turn is a metonym for God himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) TIT 2 5 abcq figs-activepassive ἵνα μὴ ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ βλασφημῆται 1 so that the word of God may not be insulted This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that no one insults the word of God” or “so that no one insults God by saying bad things about his message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) TIT 2 6 i3hv ὡσαύτως 1 In the same way Titus was to train the younger men just as he was to train the older people. TIT 2 7 x73u σεαυτὸν παρεχόμενος 1 present yourself “show yourself to be” or “you yourself must be”