From 3bfc1b280ad4fab7573694ff8436248dc93a7205 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Larry Sallee Date: Mon, 6 Apr 2020 20:36:36 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Update Acts note during BP process (#1366) --- en_tn_45-ACT.tsv | 121 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------- 1 file changed, 81 insertions(+), 40 deletions(-) diff --git a/en_tn_45-ACT.tsv b/en_tn_45-ACT.tsv index be40da2e0..ae783977b 100644 --- a/en_tn_45-ACT.tsv +++ b/en_tn_45-ACT.tsv @@ -202,7 +202,8 @@ ACT 3 5 e3c6 ὁ…ἐπεῖχεν αὐτοῖς 1 The lame man looked at the ACT 3 6 x6bm figs-metonymy ἀργύριον καὶ χρυσίον 1 Silver and gold These words refer to money. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ACT 3 6 zi9t figs-explicit ὃ…ἔχω 1 what I do have It is understood that Peter has the ability to heal the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ACT 3 6 t2vf figs-metonymy ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 In the name of Jesus Christ Here the word “name” refers to power and authority. Alternate translation: “With the authority of Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -ACT 3 7 ec6j ἤγειρεν αὐτόν 1 Peter raised him up “Peter caused him to stand” +ACT 3 7 ec6j ἤγειρεν αὐτόν 1 he raised him up “Peter caused him to stand” +ACT 3 8 abc1 ἐξαλλόμενος, ἔστη καὶ περιεπάτει, καὶ εἰσῆλθεν 1 leaping up, he stood and began to walk; and he entered The lame man did these actions. ACT 3 8 zp7x εἰσῆλθεν…εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν 1 he entered…into the temple He did not go inside the temple building where only the priests were allowed. Alternate translation: “he entered…the temple area” or “he entered…into the temple courtyard” ACT 3 10 zy7h ἐπεγίνωσκον…ὅτι αὐτὸς ἦν ὁ 1 noticed that it was the man “realized that it was the man” or “recognized him as the man” ACT 3 10 p2zh τῇ Ὡραίᾳ Πύλῃ 1 the Beautiful Gate This was the name of one of the entrances to the temple area. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Acts 3:2](../03/02.md). @@ -223,7 +224,9 @@ ACT 3 14 s6qj figs-activepassive ᾐτήσασθε ἄνδρα, φονέα χα ACT 3 15 jwb1 figs-exclusive 0 General Information: Here the word “we” includes just Peter and John. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) ACT 3 15 ljn8 figs-metaphor Ἀρχηγὸν τῆς ζωῆς 1 Founder of life This refers to Jesus. Possible meanings are 1) “the one who gives people eternal life” or 2) “the ruler of life” or 3) “the founder of life” or 4) “the one who leads people to life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ACT 3 16 xu92 καὶ 1 Now This word, “Now,” shifts the audiences’ attention to the lame man. -ACT 3 16 qt8w ἐστερέωσεν 1 made him strong “made him well” +ACT 3 16 abc2 ἐπὶ τῇ πίστει τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ 1 by faith in his name “by faith in the name of Jesus” +ACT 3 16 qt8w ἐστερέωσεν τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ 1 his name has made strong “the name of Jesus has made well” +ACT 3 16 abc3 ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ 1 gave to him “gave to the lame man” ACT 3 17 v45t καὶ νῦν 1 Now Here Peter shifts the audience’s attention from the lame man and continues to talk to them directly. ACT 3 17 x62k κατὰ ἄγνοιαν ἐπράξατε 1 you acted in ignorance Possible meanings are 1) that the people did not know that Jesus was the Messiah or 2) that the people did not understand the significance of what they were doing. ACT 3 18 gcc1 ὁ…Θεὸς…προκατήγγειλεν διὰ στόματος πάντων τῶν προφητῶν 1 God foretold by the mouth of all the prophets When the prophets spoke, it was as though God himself was speaking because he told them what to say. Alternate translation: “God foretold by telling all of the prophets what to speak” @@ -257,19 +260,22 @@ ACT 3 26 z5q6 τὸν παῖδα αὐτοῦ 1 his servant This refers to the ACT 3 26 x8ss figs-metaphor τῷ ἀποστρέφειν ἕκαστον ἀπὸ τῶν πονηριῶν ὑμῶν 1 turning every one of you from your wickedness Here “turning…from” is a metaphor for causing someone stop doing something. Alternate translation: “causing every one of you to stop doing wicked things” or “causing every one of you to repent from your wickedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ACT 4 intro pv3a 0 # Acts 04 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 4:25-26.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Unity

The first Christians wanted very much to be united. They wanted to believe the same things and share everything they owned and help those who needed help.

### “Signs and wonders”

This phrase refers to things that only God can do. The Christians wanted God to do what only he can do so that people would believe that what they said about Jesus was true.

## Important figures of speech in this chapter

### Cornerstone

The cornerstone was the first piece of stone that people put down when they were building a building. This is a metaphor for the most important part of something, the part on which everything depends. To say that Jesus is the cornerstone of the church is to say that nothing in the church is more important than Jesus and that everything about the church depends on Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### Name

“There is no other name under heaven given among men by which we must be saved” ([Acts 4:12](../../act/04/12.md)). With these words Peter was saying that no other person who has ever been on the earth or will ever be on earth can save people.
ACT 4 1 ew3l 0 Connecting Statement: The religious leaders arrest Peter and John after Peter’s having healed the man who was born lame. +ACT 4 1 abc4 λαλούντων…αὐτῶν 1 As they were speaking “As Peter and John were speaking” ACT 4 1 d3tv ἐπέστησαν αὐτοῖς 1 came upon them “approached them” or “came to them” ACT 4 2 m74s figs-explicit διαπονούμενοι 1 They were deeply troubled “They were very angry.” The Sadducees, in particular, would have been angry about what Peter and John were saying because they did not believe in resurrection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +ACT 4 2 abc5 τὸ διδάσκειν αὐτοὺς 1 they were teaching “Peter and John were teaching” ACT 4 2 mg5l καταγγέλλειν ἐν τῷ Ἰησοῦ τὴν ἀνάστασιν, τὴν ἐκ νεκρῶν 1 proclaiming in Jesus the resurrection from the dead Peter and John were saying that God would raise people from the dead in the same way as he had raised Jesus from among the dead. Translate this in a way that allows “the resurrection” to refer to both Jesus’ resurrection and the general resurrection of other people. ACT 4 2 np5g τὴν ἐκ νεκρῶν 1 from the dead From among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To come back from among them speaks of becoming alive again. ACT 4 3 zla7 ἐπέβαλον αὐτοῖς 1 They arrested them “The priests, the captain of the temple, and the Sadducees arrested Peter and John” ACT 4 3 h5f9 ἦν γὰρ ἑσπέρα 1 since it was now evening It was common practice not to question people at night. -ACT 4 4 bm1f ἀριθμὸς τῶν ἀνδρῶν 1 the number of the men who believed This refers only to men and does not include how many women or children believed. +ACT 4 4 bm1f ἀριθμὸς τῶν ἀνδρῶν 1 the number of the men This refers only to men who believed and does not include how many women or children believed. ACT 4 4 qd8g ἐγενήθη…ὡς χιλιάδες πέντε 1 was about five thousand “grew to about five thousand” ACT 4 5 j6p8 0 General Information: Here the word “their” refers to the Jewish people as a whole. ACT 4 5 i9tj 0 Connecting Statement: The rulers question Peter and John who answer without fear. ACT 4 5 lw2d ἐγένετο 1 It came about This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. ACT 4 5 cdj1 figs-synecdoche τοὺς ἄρχοντας, καὶ τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους, καὶ τοὺς γραμματεῖς 1 their rulers, elders and scribes This is a reference to the Sanhedrin, the Jewish ruling court, which consisted of these three groups of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) ACT 4 6 l44n Ἰωάννης, καὶ Ἀλέξανδρος 1 John, and Alexander These two men were members of the high priest’s family. This is not the same John as the apostle. +ACT 4 7 abc6 στήσαντες αὐτοὺς 1 When they had set them “When they had set Peter and John” ACT 4 7 t1eq ἐν ποίᾳ δυνάμει 1 By what power “Who gave you power” ACT 4 7 jc21 figs-metonymy ἐν ποίῳ ὀνόματι 1 in what name Here the word “name” refers to authority. Alternate translation: “by whose authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ACT 4 8 su5x figs-activepassive τότε Πέτρος πλησθεὶς Πνεύματος Ἁγίου 1 Then Peter, filled with the Holy Spirit This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Acts 2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “The Holy Spirit filled Peter and he” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -298,7 +304,7 @@ ACT 4 13 r6d6 καὶ καταλαβόμενοι 1 and realized “and understo ACT 4 13 erv7 figs-doublet ἄνθρωποι ἀγράμματοί…ἰδιῶτα 1 ordinary, uneducated men The words “ordinary” and “uneducated” share similar meanings. They emphasize that Peter and John had received no formal training in Jewish law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) ACT 4 14 h3cy figs-activepassive τόν…ἄνθρωπον…τὸν τεθεραπευμένον 1 the man who was healed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the man whom Peter and John had healed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ACT 4 14 fq4w οὐδὲν εἶχον ἀντειπεῖν 1 nothing to say against this “nothing to say against Peter and John’s healing of the man.” Here the word “this” refers to what Peter and John had done. -ACT 4 15 ql31 αὐτοὺς 1 the apostles This refers to Peter and John. +ACT 4 15 ql31 αὐτοὺς 1 them This refers to Peter and John. ACT 4 16 p4g6 figs-rquestion τί ποιήσωμεν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τούτοις 1 What shall we do to these men? The Jewish leaders ask this question out of frustration because they could not think of what to do with Peter and John. Alternate translation: “There is nothing that we can do with these men!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) ACT 4 16 nh5s figs-activepassive γὰρ γνωστὸν σημεῖον γέγονεν δι’ αὐτῶν, πᾶσιν τοῖς κατοικοῦσιν Ἰερουσαλὴμ φανερόν 1 For the fact that a remarkable miracle has been done through them is known to everyone who lives in Jerusalem This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For everyone who lives in Jerusalem knows that they have done a remarkable miracle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ACT 4 16 jn12 figs-hyperbole πᾶσιν τοῖς κατοικοῦσιν Ἰερουσαλὴμ 1 everyone who lives in Jerusalem This is a generalization. It may also be an exaggeration to show that the leaders think that this is a very big problem. Alternate translation: “many of the people who live in Jerusalem” or “people who live throughout Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) @@ -418,6 +424,7 @@ ACT 5 31 mr1d figs-abstractnouns τοῦ δοῦναι μετάνοιαν τῷ ACT 5 31 q1il figs-metonymy τῷ Ἰσραὴλ 1 Israel The word “Israel” refers to the Jewish people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ACT 5 32 yml6 τοῖς πειθαρχοῦσιν αὐτῷ 1 those who obey him “those who submit to God’s authority” ACT 5 33 ekh2 0 Connecting Statement: Gamaliel addresses the council members. +ACT 5 33 abc6 ἀνελεῖν αὐτούς 1 kill them “kill the apostles” ACT 5 34 i2rr writing-participants Γαμαλιήλ, νομοδιδάσκαλος τίμιος παντὶ τῷ λαῷ 1 Gamaliel, a teacher of the law, who was honored by all the people Luke introduces Gamaliel and provides background information about him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) ACT 5 34 fpr4 figs-activepassive τίμιος παντὶ τῷ λαῷ 1 who was honored by all the people This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom all the people honored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ACT 5 34 xk6g figs-activepassive ἐκέλευσεν ἔξω…τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ποιῆσαι 1 commanded the apostles to be taken outside This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “commanded the guards to take the apostles outside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -492,6 +499,7 @@ ACT 6 15 k8rw figs-simile ὡσεὶ πρόσωπον ἀγγέλου 1 was like ACT 7 intro p9h4 0 # Acts 07 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 7:42-43 and 49-50.

It appears that 8:1 is part of the narrative of this chapter.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### “Stephen said”

Stephen told the history of Israel very briefly. He paid special attention to the times that the Israelites had rejected the people God had chosen to lead them. At the end of the story, he said that the Jewish leaders he was talking to had rejected Jesus just as the evil Israelites had always rejected the leaders God had appointed for them.

### “Full of the Holy Spirit”

The Holy Spirit completely controlled Stephen so that he said only and all of what God wanted him to say.

### Foreshadowing

When an author speaks of something that is not important at that time but will be important later in the story, this is called foreshadowing. Luke mentions Saul, also known as Paul, here, even though he is not an important person in this part of the story. This is because Paul is an important person in the rest of the Book of Acts.

## Important figures of speech in this chapter

### Implied information

Stephen was talking to Jews who knew the law of Moses well, so he did not explain things that his hearers already knew. But you may need to explain some of these things so that your readers will be able to understand what Stephen was saying. For example, you may need to make explicit that when Joseph’s brothers “sold him into Egypt” ([Acts 7:9](../../act/07/09.md)), Joseph was going to be a slave in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

### Metonymy

Stephen spoke of Joseph ruling “over Egypt” and over all of Pharaoh’s household. By this he meant that Joseph ruled over the people of Egypt and of the people and possessions in Pharaoh’s household. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### Background knowledge

The Jewish leaders to whom Stephen spoke already knew much about the events he was telling them about. They knew what Moses had written in the Book of Genesis. If the Book of Genesis has not been translated into your language, it may be difficult for your readers to understand what Stephen said.
ACT 7 1 pt4h figs-you 0 General Information: The word “our” includes both Steven, the Jewish council to whom he spoke, and the entire audience. The word “your” is singular refers to Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) ACT 7 1 hy9r 0 Connecting Statement: The part of the story about Stephen, which began in [Acts 6:8](../06/08.md), continues. Stephen begins his response to the high priest and the council by talking about things that happened in Israel’s history. Most of this history comes from Moses’ writings. +ACT 7 2 abc7 ὁ δὲ ἔφη 1 Then he said Stephen is speaking. ACT 7 2 v5si ἀδελφοὶ καὶ πατέρες, ἀκούσατε 1 Brothers and fathers, listen to me Stephen was being very respectful to the council in greeting them as extended family. ACT 7 4 pfg3 0 General Information: In verse 4 the words “he,” “his,” and “him” refer to Abraham. In verse 5 the words “He” and “he” refer to God, but the word “him” refers to Abraham. ACT 7 4 pfg4 figs-you 0 General Information: Here the word “you” refers to the Jewish council and audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) @@ -539,13 +547,14 @@ ACT 7 22 att9 figs-hyperbole πάσῃ σοφίᾳ Αἰγυπτίων 1 all the ACT 7 22 m3dm δυνατὸς ἐν λόγοις καὶ ἔργοις αὐτοῦ 1 mighty in his words and works “effective in his speech and actions” or “influential in what he said and did” ACT 7 23 fj9s figs-metonymy ἀνέβη ἐπὶ τὴν καρδίαν αὐτοῦ 1 it came into his heart Here “heart” is a metonym for “mind.” The phrase “it came into his heart” is an idiom that means to decide something. Alternate translation: “it came into his mind” or “he decided” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) ACT 7 23 x493 figs-explicit ἐπισκέψασθαι τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοῦ, τοὺς υἱοὺς Ἰσραήλ 1 visit his brothers, the children of Israel This refers to his people, and not just to his family. Alternate translation: “see how his own people, the children of Israel, were doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -ACT 7 24 l4zv figs-activepassive καὶ ἰδών τινα ἀδικούμενον, ἠμύνατο καὶ ἐποίησεν ἐκδίκησιν τῷ καταπονουμένῳ, πατάξας τὸν Αἰγύπτιον 1 Seeing an Israelite being mistreated…the Egyptian This can be stated in active form by rearranging the order. Alternate translation: “Seeing an Egyptian mistreating an Israelite, Moses defended and avenged the Israelite by striking the Egyptian who was oppressing him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +ACT 7 24 l4zv figs-activepassive καὶ ἰδών τινα ἀδικούμενον, ἠμύνατο καὶ ἐποίησεν ἐκδίκησιν τῷ καταπονουμένῳ, πατάξας τὸν Αἰγύπτιον 1 Seeing a certain one being mistreated…the Egyptian This can be stated in active form by rearranging the order. Alternate translation: “Seeing an Egyptian mistreating an Israelite, Moses defended and avenged the Israelite by striking the Egyptian who was oppressing him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +ACT 7 24 abc8 ἠμύνατο 1 he defended him Moses defended the Israelite who was being mistreated. ACT 7 24 r2e8 πατάξας τὸν Αἰγύπτιον 1 striking the Egyptian Moses hit the Egyptian so hard that he died. ACT 7 25 wm3j ἐνόμιζεν 1 he thought “he imagined” ACT 7 25 nhb9 figs-metonymy διὰ χειρὸς αὐτοῦ δίδωσιν σωτηρίαν αὐτοῖς 1 by his hand was rescuing them Here “hand” refers to the actions of Moses. Alternate translation: “was rescuing them through what Moses was doing” or “was using the actions of Moses to rescue them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ACT 7 26 t1hw figs-exclusive 0 General Information: Here the word “us” refers to the Israelites but does not include Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -ACT 7 26 t2vc figs-explicit αὐτοῖς 1 some Israelites The audience would have known from the account in Exodus that these were two men, but Stephen does not specify that. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -ACT 7 26 mpc7 συνήλλασσεν αὐτοὺς εἰς εἰρήνην 1 put them at peace with each other “make them stop fighting” +ACT 7 26 t2vc figs-explicit αὐτοῖς μαχομένοις 1 to those who were quarreling The audience would have known from the account in Exodus that these were two Israelite men, but Stephen does not specify that. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +ACT 7 26 mpc7 συνήλλασσεν αὐτοὺς εἰς εἰρήνην 1 he urged them to be at peace “urged them to stop fighting” ACT 7 26 zzt4 ἄνδρες, ἀδελφοί ἐστε 1 Men, you are brothers Moses was addressing the Israelites who were fighting. ACT 7 26 k1ku figs-rquestion ἱνα τί ἀδικεῖτε ἀλλήλου 1 why are you hurting one another? Moses asked this question to encourage them to stop fighting. Alternate translation: “you should not hurt each other!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) ACT 7 27 q2r4 figs-rquestion τίς σε κατέστησεν ἄρχοντα καὶ δικαστὴν ἐφ’ ἡμῶν? 1 Who made you a ruler and a judge over us? The man used this question to rebuke Moses. Alternate translation: “You have no authority over us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) @@ -566,9 +575,10 @@ ACT 7 34 x5bg τοῦ λαοῦ μου 1 my people The word “my” emphasizes ACT 7 34 j32c κατέβην ἐξελέσθαι αὐτούς 1 I have come down to rescue them “will personally cause their release” ACT 7 34 sq8y νῦν δεῦρο 1 now come “get ready.” God uses an order here. ACT 7 35 x4p2 0 General Information: Verses 35-38 contains a series of connected phrases referring to Moses. Each phrase begins with statements such as “This Moses” or “This same Moses” or “This is the man” or “It is the same Moses.” If possible, use similar statements to emphasize Moses. After the Israelites left Egypt, they spent 40 years wandering around the wilderness before God led them into the land he had promised them. -ACT 7 35 gn6e τοῦτον τὸν Μωϋσῆν, ὃν ἠρνήσαντο 1 This Moses whom they rejected This refers back to the events recorded in [Acts 7:27-28](../07/27.md). +ACT 7 35 gn6e τοῦτον τὸν Μωϋσῆν, ὃν ἠρνήσαντο 1 This same Moses, whom they rejected This refers back to the events recorded in [Acts 7:27-28](../07/27.md). ACT 7 35 vp7e λυτρωτὴν 1 deliverer “rescuer” ACT 7 35 yjz9 figs-metonymy σὺν χειρὶ ἀγγέλου τοῦ ὀφθέντος αὐτῷ ἐν τῇ βάτῳ 1 by the hand of the angel…bush The hand is a metonym for the action performed by the person. In this case, the angel had commanded Moses to return to Egypt. Stephen speaks as if the angel had a physical hand. You may need to make explicit what action the angel did. Alternate translation: “by the action of the angel” or “by having the angel…bush command him to return to Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +ACT 7 35 abc9 ὀφθέντος αὐτῷ 1 appeared to him The angel appeared to Moses. ACT 7 36 gz9r figs-explicit ἔτη τεσσεράκοντα 1 during forty years Stephen’s audience knew about the forty years the Israelites spent in the wilderness. Alternate translation: “during the 40 years that the Israelite people lived in the wilderness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ACT 7 37 b4sg προφήτην…ἀναστήσει 1 raise up a prophet “cause a man to be a prophet” ACT 7 37 j2rx ἐκ τῶν ἀδελφῶν ὑμῶν 1 from among your brothers “from among your own people” @@ -618,9 +628,9 @@ ACT 7 52 agd9 ὑμεῖς προδόται καὶ φονεῖς ἐγένεσ ACT 7 52 fcc6 φονεῖς 1 murderers of him “murderers of the Righteous One” or “murderers of the Christ” ACT 7 53 euw5 τὸν νόμον εἰς διαταγὰς ἀγγέλων 1 the law that angels had established “the laws that God caused angels to give to our ancestors” ACT 7 54 t4u2 0 Connecting Statement: The council reacts to Stephen’s words. -ACT 7 54 ef2g ἀκούοντες δὲ ταῦτα 1 Now when the council members heard these things This is the turning point; the sermon ends and the council members react. +ACT 7 54 ef2g ἀκούοντες δὲ ταῦτα 1 Now when they heard these things This is the turning point; the sermon ends and the council members react. ACT 7 54 u4l7 figs-idiom διεπρίοντο 1 were cut to the heart To “cut to the heart” is an idiom for making a person extremely angry. Alternate translation: “were extremely angry” or “became very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -ACT 7 54 ae9s translate-symaction ἔβρυχον τοὺς ὀδόντας ἐπ’ αὐτόν 1 ground their teeth at Stephen This action expressed their strong anger at Stephen or hatred of Stephen. Alternate translation: “they became so angry that they ground their teeth together” or “moved their teeth back and forth as they looked at Stephen”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) +ACT 7 54 ae9s translate-symaction ἔβρυχον τοὺς ὀδόντας ἐπ’ αὐτόν 1 ground their teeth at him This action expressed their strong anger at Stephen or hatred of Stephen. Alternate translation: “they became so angry that they ground their teeth together” or “moved their teeth back and forth as they looked at Stephen”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) ACT 7 55 ntp4 ἀτενίσας εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν 1 looked up intently into heaven “Stared up into heaven.” It appears that only Stephen saw this vision and not anyone else in the crowd. ACT 7 55 bl2j figs-explicit εἶδεν δόξαν Θεοῦ 1 saw the glory of God People normally experienced the glory of God as a bright light. Alternate translation: “saw a bright light from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ACT 7 55 vyz3 translate-symaction καὶ Ἰησοῦν ἑστῶτα ἐκ δεξιῶν τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 and he saw Jesus standing at the right hand of God To stand at the “right hand of God” is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. Alternate translation: “and he saw Jesus standing in the place of honor and authority beside God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) @@ -682,8 +692,8 @@ ACT 8 15 bun9 προσηύξαντο περὶ αὐτῶν 1 they prayed for t ACT 8 15 n7vc ὅπως λάβωσιν Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον 1 that they might receive the Holy Spirit “that the Samaritan believers might receive the Holy Spirit” ACT 8 16 m1nw figs-activepassive μόνον…βεβαπτισμένοι ὑπῆρχον 1 they had only been baptized This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Philip had only baptized the Samaritan believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ACT 8 16 rn3c figs-metonymy μόνον…βεβαπτισμένοι ὑπῆρχον εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ 1 they had only been baptized into the name of the Lord Jesus Here “name” represents authority, and being baptized into his name represents being baptized in order to be under his authority. Alternate translation: “they had only been baptized to become disciples of the Lord Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -ACT 8 17 fwh8 ἐπετίθεσαν τὰς χεῖρας ἐπ’ αὐτούς 1 Peter and John placed their hands on them The word “them” refers to the Samaritan people who believed Stephen’s message of the gospel. -ACT 8 17 q7gd translate-symaction ἐπετίθεσαν τὰς χεῖρας ἐπ’ αὐτούς 1 placed their hands on them This symbolic action shows that Peter and John wanted God to give the Holy Spirit to the believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) +ACT 8 17 fwh8 ἐπετίθεσαν τὰς χεῖρας ἐπ’ αὐτούς 1 they placed their hands on them Peter and John placed their hands on the Samaritan people who had believed Stephen’s message of the gospel. +ACT 8 17 q7gd translate-symaction ἐπετίθεσαν τὰς χεῖρας ἐπ’ αὐτούς 1 they placed their hands on them This symbolic action shows that Peter and John wanted God to give the Holy Spirit to the believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) ACT 8 18 rh79 figs-activepassive διὰ τῆς ἐπιθέσεως τῶν χειρῶν τῶν ἀποστόλων δίδοται τὸ Πνεῦμα 1 the Holy Spirit was given through the laying on of the apostles’ hands This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the apostles gave the Holy Spirit by laying their hands on people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ACT 8 19 fbw9 ἵνα ᾧ ἐὰν ἐπιθῶ τὰς χεῖρας, λαμβάνῃ Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον 1 that whoever I place my hands on might receive the Holy Spirit “that I can give the Holy Spirit to anyone on whom I place my hands” ACT 8 20 df1j 0 General Information: Here the words him, your, you, and yours all refer to Simon. @@ -729,7 +739,7 @@ ACT 8 34 htb2 δέομαί σου 1 I beg you “Please tell me” ACT 8 35 uw21 figs-metonymy τῆς Γραφῆς ταύτης 1 this scripture This refers to Isaiah’s writings in the Old Testament. Alternate translation: “in the writings of Isaiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ACT 8 36 ip13 ἐπορεύοντο κατὰ τὴν ὁδόν 1 they went on the road “they continued to travel along the road” ACT 8 36 muz2 figs-rquestion τί κωλύει με βαπτισθῆναι 1 What prevents me from being baptized? The eunuch uses this question as a way of asking Philip for permission to be baptized. Alternate translation: “Please allow me to be baptized” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -ACT 8 38 l8wl ἐκέλευσεν στῆναι τὸ ἅρμα 1 commanded the chariot to stop “told the driver of the chariot to stop” +ACT 8 38 l8wl ἐκέλευσεν στῆναι τὸ ἅρμα 1 he commanded the chariot to stop “the eunich told the driver of the chariot to stop” ACT 8 39 tz5u 0 Connecting Statement: This is the end of the part of the story about Philip and the man from Ethiopia. The story of Philip ends at Caesarea. ACT 8 39 xp52 οὐκ εἶδεν αὐτὸν οὐκέτι ὁ εὐνοῦχος 1 the eunuch saw him no more “the eunuch did not see Philip again” ACT 8 40 r1x7 Φίλιππος…εὑρέθη εἰς Ἄζωτον 1 Philip appeared at Azotus There was no indication of Philip’s traveling between where he baptized the Ethiopian and Azotus. He just suddenly disappeared along the road to Gaza and reappeared at the town of Azotus. @@ -753,6 +763,7 @@ ACT 9 4 y4u4 πεσὼν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν 1 he fell upon the ground Pos ACT 9 4 c9l4 figs-rquestion τί με διώκεις 1 why are you persecuting me? This rhetorical question communicates a rebuke to Saul. In some languages a statement would be more natural (AT): “You are persecuting me!” or a command (AT): “Stop persecuting me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) ACT 9 5 q8ge 0 General Information: Every occurrence of the word “you” here is singular. ACT 9 5 jaq2 τίς εἶ, κύριε 1 Who are you, Lord? Saul was not acknowledging that Jesus is the Lord. He uses that title because he understood that he spoke to someone of supernatural power. +ACT 9 5 abc0 ὁ 1 He said Jesus is speaking. ACT 9 6 i1kj ἀλλὰ ἀνάστηθι καὶ εἴσελθε εἰς τὴν πόλιν 1 but rise, enter into the city “get up and go into the city Damascus” ACT 9 6 fbi6 figs-activepassive λαληθήσεταί σοι 1 it will be told you This can be stated in the active form. Alternate translation: “someone will tell you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ACT 9 7 xu7c ἀκούοντες μὲν τῆς φωνῆς, μηδένα δὲ θεωροῦντες 1 hearing the voice, but seeing no one “they heard the voice, but they did not see anyone” @@ -797,6 +808,9 @@ ACT 9 25 lc8m οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ 1 his disciples people who bel ACT 9 25 u8g8 διὰ τοῦ τείχους, καθῆκαν αὐτὸν, χαλάσαντες ἐν σπυρίδι 1 let him down through the wall, lowering him in a basket “used ropes to lower him in a large basket through an opening in the wall” ACT 9 26 j1el 0 General Information: Here the words “he” and “him” refer to Saul all but one time. “And ‘he’ told them how” in verse 27 refers to Barnabas. ACT 9 26 e38m figs-hyperbole καὶ πάντες ἐφοβοῦντο αὐτόν 1 but they were all afraid of him Here “they were all” is a generalization, but it is possible that it refers to every person. Alternate translation: “but they were afraid of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +ACT 9 27 abca διηγήσατο αὐτοῖς 1 he told them “Barnabas told the apostles” +ACT 9 27 abcb εἶδεν 1 he had seen “Saul had seen” +ACT 9 27 abcc ἐλάλησεν αὐτῷ 1 he had spoken to him “the Lord had spoken to Saul” ACT 9 27 n9f1 figs-metonymy ἐπαρρησιάσατο ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Ἰησοῦ 1 had spoken boldly in the name of Jesus This is a way of saying he preached or taught the gospel message of Jesus Christ without fear. Alternate translation: “had openly preached the message about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ACT 9 28 m5rs ἦν μετ’ αὐτῶν 1 He met with them Here the word “He” refers to Paul. The word “them” probably refers to the apostles and other disciples in Jerusalem. ACT 9 28 fbb7 figs-metonymy ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου 1 in the name of the Lord Jesus Possible meanings are 1) this simply refers to the Lord Jesus and tells who Paul spoke about. Alternate translation: “about the Lord Jesus” or 2) “name” is a metonym for authority. Alternate translation: “under the authority of the Lord Jesus” or “with the authority that the Lord Jesus gave him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -822,7 +836,7 @@ ACT 9 33 k7hw παραλελυμένος 1 paralyzed unable to walk, probably u ACT 9 34 ff2a στρῶσον σεαυτῷ 1 make your bed “roll up your mat” ACT 9 35 z3fp figs-hyperbole πάντες οἱ κατοικοῦντες Λύδδα καὶ τὸν Σαρῶνα 1 everyone who lived in Lydda and in Sharon This is a generalization referring to many of the people there. Alternate translation: “those who lived in Lydda and in Sharon” or “many people who lived in Lydda and Sharon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) ACT 9 35 qkv4 Λύδδα καὶ τὸν Σαρῶνα 1 in Lydda and in Sharon The city of Lydda was located in the Plain of Sharon. -ACT 9 35 pf23 εἶδαν αὐτὸν 1 saw the man It may be helpful to state that they saw that he was healed. Alternate translation: “saw the man whom Peter had healed” +ACT 9 35 pf23 εἶδαν αὐτὸν 1 saw him It may be helpful to state that they saw that the man was healed. Alternate translation: “saw the man whom Peter had healed” ACT 9 35 x9yw figs-metaphor οἵτινες ἐπέστρεψαν ἐπὶ τὸν Κύριον 1 and they turned to the Lord Here “turned to the Lord” is a metaphor for starting to obey the Lord. Alternate translation: “and they repented of their sins and started obeying the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ACT 9 36 gy8u writing-background 0 General Information: These verses give background information about the woman named Tabitha. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) ACT 9 36 du3s 0 Connecting Statement: Luke continues the story with a new event about Peter. @@ -849,12 +863,16 @@ ACT 10 intro ym7z 0 # Acts 10 General Notes
## Special concepts in this ch ACT 10 1 m1vx writing-background 0 General Information: These verses give background information about Cornelius. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) ACT 10 1 nfy5 0 Connecting Statement: This is the beginning of the part of the story about Cornelius. ACT 10 1 wtb9 writing-participants ἀνὴρ δέ τις 1 Now there was a certain man This was a way of introducing a new person to this part of the historical account. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -ACT 10 1 x476 ὀνόματι Κορνήλιος, ἑκατοντάρχης ἐκ Σπείρης τῆς καλουμένης Ἰταλικῆς 1 Cornelius by name, a centurion of what was called the Italian Regiment “his name was Cornelius. He was an officer in charge of 100 soldiers from the Italian section of the Roman army. +ACT 10 1 x476 ὀνόματι Κορνήλιος, ἑκατοντάρχης ἐκ Σπείρης τῆς καλουμένης Ἰταλικῆς 1 named Cornelius, a centurion of the regiment that was called ‘Italian.’ “his name was Cornelius. He was an officer in charge of 100 soldiers from the Italian section of the Roman army. +ACT 10 1 abcd Σπείρης τῆς καλουμένης Ἰταλικῆς 1 the regiment that was called ‘Italian.’ “the Italian Regiment” ACT 10 2 s6rh εὐσεβὴς καὶ φοβούμενος τὸν Θεὸν 1 He was a devout man, one who worshiped God “He believed in God and sought to honor and worship God in his life” ACT 10 2 n8i3 φοβούμενος τὸν Θεὸν 1 worshiped God The word for “worshiped” here has the sense of deep respect and awe. +ACT 10 2 abce τῷ λαῷ 1 to the people This here refers to Jewish people who were in need. ACT 10 2 w2kx figs-hyperbole δεόμενος τοῦ Θεοῦ διὰ παντός 1 he constantly prayed to God The word “constantly” is a generalization. Alternate translation: “he prayed to God a lot” or “he prayed to God regularly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) ACT 10 3 up3j ὥραν ἐνάτην 1 the ninth hour “three o’clock in the afternoon.” This is the normal afternoon prayer time for Jews. ACT 10 3 g3lv εἶδεν…φανερῶς 1 he clearly saw “Cornelius clearly saw” +ACT 10 4 abcf ὁ δὲ, ἀτενίσας αὐτῷ 1 But he stared at him Cornelius looked intently at the angel. +ACT 10 4 abcg εἶπεν δὲ αὐτῷ 1 Then he said to him “Then the angel said to Cornelius” ACT 10 4 p5ml figs-explicit αἱ προσευχαί σου, καὶ αἱ ἐλεημοσύναι σου, ἀνέβησαν εἰς μνημόσυνον ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Your prayers and your gifts…a memorial offering into God’s presence It is implied that his gifts and prayers had been accepted by God. Alternate translation: “God is pleased by your prayers and your gifts…a memorial offering to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ACT 10 6 lt9n βυρσεῖ 1 a tanner a person who makes leather from animal skins ACT 10 7 g6lq ὡς δὲ ἀπῆλθεν ὁ ἄγγελος ὁ λαλῶν αὐτῷ 1 When the angel who spoke to him had left “When Cornelius’ vision of the angel had ended.” @@ -885,7 +903,7 @@ ACT 10 18 qe9d φωνήσαντες 1 They called out Cornelius’ men remained ACT 10 19 e8ai διενθυμουμένου περὶ τοῦ ὁράματος 1 thinking about the vision “wondering about the meaning of the vision” ACT 10 19 d9q8 τὸ Πνεῦμα 1 the Spirit “the Holy Spirit” ACT 10 19 iqx5 ἰδοὺ 1 behold “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: three” -ACT 10 19 va39 translate-textvariants ἄνδρες τρεῖς ζητοῦσιν σε 1 three men are looking for you Some ancient texts have a different number of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) +ACT 10 19 va39 translate-textvariants ἄνδρες τρεῖς ζητοῦσιν σε 1 three men are looking for you Cornelius sent two of his servants and one soldier. Some ancient texts have a different number of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) ACT 10 20 ym1x κατάβηθι 1 go down “go down from the roof of the house” ACT 10 20 wx4n πορεύου σὺν αὐτοῖς, μηδὲν διακρινόμενος 1 Do not hesitate to go with them It would be natural for Peter not to want to go with them, because they were strangers and they were Gentiles. ACT 10 21 lj1f ἐγώ εἰμι ὃν ζητεῖτε 1 I am he whom you are seeking “I am the man you are looking for” @@ -1062,7 +1080,7 @@ ACT 12 3 wpm1 ρεστόν ἐστιν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις 1 pleased ACT 12 3 cu7s ὅτι…ἐστιν 1 That was “Herod did this” or “This happened” ACT 12 3 ly66 ἡμέραι τῶν Ἀζύμων 1 the days of unleavened bread This refers to a time of Jewish religious feast time during the Passover season. Alternate translation: “the festival when the Jewish people ate bread without yeast” ACT 12 4 pps1 τέσσαρσιν τετραδίοις στρατιωτῶν 1 four squads of soldiers “four groups of soldiers.” Each squad had four soldiers that guarded Peter, one group at a time. The groups divided the 24 hour day into four shifts. Each time two soldiers would have been at his side and the other two soldiers by the entrance. -ACT 12 4 i23a βουλόμενος…ἀναγαγεῖν αὐτὸν τῷ λαῷ 1 he was intending to bring him to the people “Herod planned to judge Peter in the presence of the people” or “Herod planned to judge Peter before the Jewish people” +ACT 12 4 i23a βουλόμενος…ἀναγαγεῖν αὐτὸν τῷ λαῷ 1 he was intending to bring him out to the people “Herod planned to judge Peter in the presence of the people” or “Herod planned to judge Peter before the Jewish people” ACT 12 5 v2yz figs-activepassive ὁ μὲν οὖν Πέτρος ἐτηρεῖτο ἐν τῇ φυλακῇ 1 So Peter was kept in the prison This implies that the soldiers continually guarded Peter in prison. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “So the soldiers guarded Peter in the prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ACT 12 5 f8qc figs-activepassive προσευχὴ…ἦν ἐκτενῶς γινομένη ὑπὸ τῆς ἐκκλησίας πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν περὶ αὐτοῦ 1 prayer was made earnestly to God for him by those in the church This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the group of believers in Jerusalem earnestly prayed to God for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ACT 12 5 g189 ἐκτενῶς 1 earnestly continuously and with dedication @@ -1075,8 +1093,10 @@ ACT 12 7 lu25 ἐπέστη 1 stood by him “next to him” or “beside him ACT 12 7 z2i1 ἐν τῷ οἰκήματι 1 in the prison cell “in the prison room” ACT 12 7 dc5b πατάξας…τοῦ Πέτρου 1 He struck Peter “The angel tapped Peter” or “The angel poked Peter.” Peter was evidently sleeping deeply enough that this was required to wake him. ACT 12 7 dqn9 ἐξέπεσαν αὐτοῦ αἱ ἁλύσεις ἐκ τῶν χειρῶν 1 his chains fell off his hands The angel caused the chains to fall from Peter without touching them. -ACT 12 8 hxt9 ἐποίησεν…οὕτως 1 Peter did so “Peter did what the angel told him to do” or “Peter obeyed” +ACT 12 8 hxt9 ἐποίησεν…οὕτως 1 He did that “Peter did what the angel told him to do” or “Peter obeyed” +ACT 12 8 abch λέγει αὐτῷ 1 He said to him “The angel said to Peter” ACT 12 9 gx77 0 General Information: Here the word “He” refers to Peter. The words “they” and “They” refer to Peter and the angel. +ACT 12 9 abci ἠκολούθει 1 he followed him “Peter followed the angel” ACT 12 9 sh8k οὐκ ᾔδει 1 He did not know “He did not understand” ACT 12 9 p9ty figs-activepassive ἀληθές ἐστιν τὸ γινόμενον διὰ τοῦ ἀγγέλου 1 what was done by the angel was real This could be changed to active form. Alternate translation: “the actions of the angel were real” or “what the angel did truly happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ACT 12 10 r7gy figs-explicit διελθόντες δὲ πρώτην φυλακὴν καὶ δευτέραν 1 After they had passed by the first guard and the second It is implied that the soldiers were not able to see Peter and the angel as they walked by. Alternate translation: “The first and second guards did not see them as they passed by, and then” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -1152,6 +1172,7 @@ ACT 13 3 ku45 translate-symaction ἐπιθέντες τὰς χεῖρας α ACT 13 3 p1us ἀπέλυσαν 1 sent them off “sent those men off” or “sent those men off to do the work the Holy Spirit told them to do” ACT 13 4 br2m 0 General Information: Here the words “they,” “They,” and “their” refer to Barnabas and Silas. ACT 13 4 mt3h οὖν 1 So This word marks an event that happened because of a previous event. In this case, the previous event is Barnabas and Saul being set apart by the Holy Spirit. +ACT 13 4 abcj αὐτοὶ…ἐκπεμφθέντες 1 they…were sent out “Barnabas and Saul were sent out” ACT 13 4 iyh8 κατῆλθον 1 went down The phrase “went down” is used here because Seleucia is lower in elevation than Antioch. ACT 13 4 d1q5 Σελεύκιαν 1 Seleucia a city by the sea ACT 13 5 at85 Σαλαμῖνι 1 city of Salamis The city of Salamis was on Cyprus Island. @@ -1165,16 +1186,17 @@ ACT 13 6 cl2z Πάφου 1 Paphos a major city on Cyprus island where the proco ACT 13 6 zf3b εὗρον 1 they found Here “found” means they came upon him without looking for him. Alternate translation: “they met” or “they came upon” ACT 13 6 xe7h ἄνδρα, τινὰ μάγον 1 a certain magician “a particular person who practices witchcraft” or “a person who practices supernatural magic arts” ACT 13 6 ak38 translate-names ᾧ ὄνομα Βαριησοῦς 1 whose name was Bar Jesus “Bar Jesus” means “Son of Jesus.” There is no relation between this man and Jesus Christ. Jesus was a common name at that time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -ACT 13 7 bee2 σὺν 1 associated with “was often with” or “was often in the company of” +ACT 13 7 bee2 σὺν 1 with “was often with” or “was often in the company of” ACT 13 7 s1su ἀνθυπάτῳ 1 proconsul This was a governor in charge of a Roman province. Alternate translation: “governor” ACT 13 7 h5xx writing-background ἀνδρὶ συνετῷ 1 who was an intelligent man This is background information about Sergius Paulus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +ACT 13 7 abck προσκαλεσάμενος 1 He summoned “The proconsul summoned” ACT 13 8 lp2u translate-names Ἐλύμας ὁ μάγος 1 Elymas “the magician” This was Bar-Jesus, who was also called “the magician.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) ACT 13 8 qw4j οὕτως…μεθερμηνεύεται τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ 1 that is how his name is translated “that was what he was called in Greek” ACT 13 8 n23s ἀνθίστατο…αὐτοῖς…ζητῶν διαστρέψαι 1 opposed them; he tried to turn “resisted them by trying to turn” or “attempted to stop them by trying to turn” ACT 13 8 w2xt figs-metaphor ζητῶν διαστρέψαι τὸν ἀνθύπατον ἀπὸ τῆς πίστεως 1 tried to turn the proconsul away from the faith Here “to turn…away from” is a metaphor for convincing someone to not do something. Alternate translation: “attempted to persuade the governor not to believe the gospel message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ACT 13 9 gws2 0 General Information: The word “him” refers to the magician Elymas, who is also called Bar Jesus ([Acts 13:6-8](./06.md)). ACT 13 9 nau1 0 Connecting Statement: While on the island of Paphos, Paul begins to talk to Elymas. -ACT 13 9 ey6d figs-activepassive Σαῦλος…ὁ καὶ Παῦλος 1 Saul, who is also called Paul “Saul” as his Jewish name, and “Paul” was his Roman name. Since he was speaking to a Roman official, he used his Roman name. Alternate translation: “Saul, who now called himself Paul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +ACT 13 9 ey6d figs-activepassive Σαῦλος…ὁ καὶ Παῦλος 1 Saul, who is also Paul “Saul” as his Jewish name, and “Paul” was his Roman name. Since he was speaking to a Roman official, he used his Roman name. Alternate translation: “Saul, who now called himself Paul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ACT 13 9 xjy9 ἀτενίσας εἰς αὐτὸν 1 stared at him intensely “looked at him intensely” ACT 13 10 d2pk figs-metonymy υἱὲ διαβόλου 1 You son of the devil Paul is saying the man is acting like the devil. Alternate translation: “You are like the devil” or “You act like the devil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ACT 13 10 r8x2 ὦ πλήρης παντὸς δόλου καὶ πάσης ῥᾳδιουργίας 1 you are full of all kinds of deceit and wickedness “you are always intent in causing others to believe what is not true using falsehood and always doing what is wrong” @@ -1196,6 +1218,7 @@ ACT 13 12 twa8 figs-activepassive ἐκπλησσόμενος ἐπὶ τῇ δ ACT 13 13 i65t writing-background 0 General Information: Verses 13 and 14 give background information about this part of the story. “Paul and his friends” were Barnabas and John Mark (also called John). From this point on, Saul is called Paul in Acts. Paul’s name is listed first which indicates that he had become the leader of the group. It is important to keep this order in the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) ACT 13 13 rk3k 0 Connecting Statement: This is a new part of the story about Paul in Antioch in Pisidia. ACT 13 13 r9hi δὲ 1 Now This marks the beginning of a new part of the story. +ACT 13 13 abcl οἱ περὶ, Παῦλον 1 those around Paul This refers to Paul and his companions. ACT 13 13 k4s9 ἀναχθέντες…ἀπὸ τῆς Πάφου 1 set sail from Paphos “traveled by sailboat from Paphos” ACT 13 13 h1cb ἦλθον εἰς Πέργην τῆς Παμφυλίας 1 came to Perga in Pamphylia “arrived in Perga which is in Pamphylia” ACT 13 13 g6l5 Ἰωάννης δὲ ἀποχωρήσας ἀπ’ αὐτῶν 1 But John left them “But John Mark left Paul and Barnabas” @@ -1218,7 +1241,8 @@ ACT 13 17 b74t ἐξ αὐτῆς 1 out of it “out from the land of Egypt” ACT 13 18 zv9e ἐτροποφόρησεν αὐτοὺς 1 he put up with them This means “he tolerated them.” Some versions have a different word that means “he took care of them.” Alternate translation: “God endured their disobedience” or “God took care of them” ACT 13 19 nvp7 figs-inclusive 0 General Information: Here the word “he” refers to God. The words “their land” refer to the land the seven nations had previously occupied. The word “them” refers to the people of Israel. The word “our” refers to Paul and his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) ACT 13 19 h5qg ἔθνη 1 nations Here the word “nations” refers to different people groups and not to geographical boundaries. -ACT 13 20 m4jd ὡς ἔτεσι τετρακοσίοις καὶ πεντήκοντα 1 took place over four hundred and fifty years “took more than 450 years to accomplish” +ACT 13 20 m4jd ὡς ἔτεσι τετρακοσίοις καὶ πεντήκοντα 1 took about 450 years “took more than 450 years to accomplish” +ACT 13 20 abcm ἔδωκεν 1 he gave them “God gave them” ACT 13 20 qmc8 ἕως Σαμουὴλ προφήτου 1 until Samuel the prophet “until the time of the prophet Samuel” ACT 13 21 akg6 0 General Information: The quotation here is from the history of Samuel and from a Psalm of Ethan in the Old Testament. ACT 13 21 yxi8 ἔτη τεσσεράκοντα 1 for forty years “to be their king for forty years” @@ -1231,8 +1255,9 @@ ACT 13 22 mp53 figs-idiom ἄνδρα κατὰ τὴν καρδίαν μου 1 ACT 13 23 lby6 0 General Information: The quotation here is from the Gospels. ACT 13 23 xj5a τούτου…ἀπὸ τοῦ σπέρματος 1 From this man’s descendants “From David’s descendants.” This is placed at the beginning of the sentence to emphasize that the savior had to be one of David’s descendants ([Acts 13:22](../13/22.md)). ACT 13 23 kc76 figs-metonymy ἤγαγεν τῷ Ἰσραὴλ 1 brought to Israel This refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “gave to the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -ACT 13 23 mk5g κατ’ ἐπαγγελίαν 1 as he promised to do “just as God promised he would do” -ACT 13 24 x892 figs-abstractnouns βάπτισμα μετανοίας 1 the baptism of repentance You can translate the word “repentance” as the verb “repent.” Alternate translation: “the baptism to repent” or “the baptism that people requested when they wanted to repent for their sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +ACT 13 23 mk5g κατ’ ἐπαγγελίαν 1 according to promise “just as God promised he would do” +ACT 13 24 abcn πρὸ προσώπου τῆς εἰσόδου αὐτοῦ 1 before his coming “before the coming of Jesus” +ACT 13 24 x892 figs-abstractnouns βάπτισμα μετανοίας 1 a baptism of repentance You can translate the word “repentance” as the verb “repent.” Alternate translation: “the baptism to repent” or “the baptism that people requested when they wanted to repent for their sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) ACT 13 25 vww3 figs-rquestion τί ἐμὲ ὑπονοεῖτε εἶναι? 1 Who do you think I am? John asked this question to compel the people to think about who he was. Alternate translation: “Think about who I am” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) ACT 13 25 rp32 figs-explicit οὐκ εἰμὶ ἐγώ 1 I am not the one John was referring to the Messiah, whom they were expecting to come. Alternate translation: “I am not the Messiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ACT 13 25 nnl5 ἀλλ’ ἰδοὺ 1 But listen This emphasizes the importance of what he will say next. @@ -1279,10 +1304,10 @@ ACT 13 36 u8vh ἰδίᾳ γενεᾷ 1 in his own generation “during his lif ACT 13 36 m5wx ὑπηρετήσας τῇ τοῦ Θεοῦ βουλῇ 1 served the desires of God “did what God wanted him to do” or “did what pleased God” ACT 13 36 rpb4 figs-euphemism ἐκοιμήθη 1 he fell asleep This was a polite way to refer to death. Alternate translation: “he died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) ACT 13 36 nwy9 προσετέθη πρὸς τοὺς πατέρας αὐτοῦ 1 was laid with his fathers “was buried with his ancestors who had died” -ACT 13 36 la5s figs-metonymy εἶδεν διαφθοράν 1 experienced decay The phrase “experienced decay” is a metonym for “his body decayed.” Alternate translation: “his body rotted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +ACT 13 36 la5s figs-metonymy εἶδεν διαφθοράν 1 he saw decay The phrase “experienced decay” is a metonym for “his body decayed.” Alternate translation: “his body rotted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ACT 13 37 bmw3 ὃν δὲ 1 But he whom “but Jesus whom” ACT 13 37 n9pl figs-idiom ὁ Θεὸς ἤγειρεν 1 God raised up Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Alternate translation: “God caused to live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -ACT 13 37 j52x figs-metonymy οὐκ εἶδεν διαφθοράν 1 experienced no decay The phrase “experienced no decay” is a way to say “his body did not decay.” Alternate translation: “did not rot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +ACT 13 37 j52x figs-metonymy οὐκ εἶδεν διαφθοράν 1 did not see decay The phrase “experienced no decay” is a way to say “his body did not decay.” Alternate translation: “did not rot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ACT 13 38 ki8q 0 General Information: Here the word “him” refers to Jesus. ACT 13 38 yg35 γνωστὸν…ἔστω ὑμῖν 1 let it be known to you “know this” or “this is important for you to know” ACT 13 38 qy18 ἀδελφοί 1 brothers Paul uses this term because they are his fellow-Jews and followers of Judaism. They are not Christian believers at this point. Alternate translation: “my fellow Israelites and other friends” @@ -1302,7 +1327,7 @@ ACT 13 41 nm2q ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ὑμῶν 1 in your days “dur ACT 13 41 w6tq ἔργον ὃ 1 A work that “I am doing something which” ACT 13 41 p4c2 ἐάν τις ἐκδιηγῆται ὑμῖν 1 even if someone announces it to you “even if someone tells you about it” ACT 13 42 ax8v ἐξιόντων δὲ 1 As Paul and Barnabas left “When Paul and Barnabas were leaving” -ACT 13 42 f3sw παρεκάλουν 1 begged “begged them to” +ACT 13 42 f3sw ἐξιόντων δὲ, αὐτῶν παρεκάλουν 1 As they left, they begged them “As Paul and Barnabas left, the people begged them” ACT 13 42 y4p9 figs-metonymy τὰ ῥήματα ταῦτα 1 these same words Here “words” refers to the message that Paul had spoken. Alternate translation: “this same message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ACT 13 43 a58z λυθείσης δὲ τῆς συναγωγῆς 1 When the synagogue meeting ended Possible meanings are 1) this restates “As Paul and Barnabas left” in verse 42 or 2) Paul and Barnabas left the meeting before it ended and this occurs later. ACT 13 43 sws7 προσηλύτων 1 proselytes These were non-Jewish people who converted to Judaism. @@ -1333,11 +1358,13 @@ ACT 13 50 cf21 παρώτρυναν 1 urged on “convinced” or “stirred up ACT 13 50 wmm5 τοὺς πρώτους 1 the leading men “the most important men” ACT 13 50 n7qe ἐπήγειραν διωγμὸν ἐπὶ τὸν Παῦλον καὶ Βαρναβᾶν 1 These stirred up a persecution against Paul and Barnabas “They convinced the important men and women to persecute Paul and Barnabas” ACT 13 50 cq9h ἐξέβαλον αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ τῶν ὁρίων αὐτῶν 1 threw them out beyond the border of their city “removed Paul and Barnabas from their city” +ACT 13 51 abco οἱ δὲ, ἐκτιναξάμενοι 1 But they shook off “But Paul and Silas shook off” ACT 13 51 xi1z writing-symlanguage ἐκτιναξάμενοι τὸν κονιορτὸν τῶν ποδῶν ἐπ’ αὐτοὺς 1 shook off the dust from their feet against them This was a symbolic act to indicate to the unbelieving people that God had rejected them and would punish them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) ACT 13 52 dp5k οἵ…μαθηταὶ 1 the disciples This probably refers to the new believers in the Antioch of Pisidia that Paul and Silas just left. ACT 14 intro rsg2 0 # Acts 14 General Notes
## Special concepts in this chapter

### “The message of his grace”

The message of Jesus is the message that God will show grace to those who believe in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])

### Zeus and Hermes

The Gentiles in the Roman Empire worshiped many different false gods who do not really exist. Paul and Barnabas told them to believe in the “living God.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])

## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

### “We must enter into the kingdom of God through many sufferings.”

Jesus told his followers before he died that everyone who followed him would suffer persecution. Paul is saying the same thing using different words.
ACT 14 1 vh8u 0 General Information: The story of Paul and Barnabas in Iconium continues. -ACT 14 1 hk1z ἐγένετο δὲ, ἐν Ἰκονίῳ 1 It came about in Iconium that Possible meanings here are 1) “It happened in Iconium that” or 2) “In Iconium as usual” +ACT 14 1 abcp εἰσελθεῖν αὐτοὺς 1 they entered +ACT 14 1 hk1z ἐγένετο δὲ, ἐν Ἰκονίῳ 1 It came about in Iconium that “Paul and Barnabas entered” ACT 14 1 f4sq figs-explicit λαλῆσαι οὕτως 1 spoke in such a way “spoke so powerfully.” It may be helpful to state that they spoke the message about Jesus. Alternate translation: “spoke the message about Jesus so powerfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ACT 14 2 wc4x οἱ…ἀπειθήσαντες Ἰουδαῖοι 1 the Jews who were disobedient This refers to a portion of the Jews who did not believe the message about Jesus. ACT 14 2 n2pp figs-metaphor ἐπήγειραν…τὰς ψυχὰς τῶν ἐθνῶν 1 stirred up the minds of the Gentiles Causing the Gentiles to become angry is spoken of as if calm waters were disturbed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -1354,8 +1381,7 @@ ACT 14 4 smz5 ἦσαν σὺν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις 1 sided with the ACT 14 4 q1xc figs-ellipsis σὺν τοῖς ἀποστόλοις 1 with the apostles The second group mentioned agreed with the message about grace. It may be helpful to restate the verb. Alternate translation: “sided with the apostles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) ACT 14 4 mw9h τοῖς ἀποστόλοις 1 the apostles Luke refers to Paul and Barnabas. Here “apostle” might be used in the general sense of “ones sent out.” ACT 14 5 s5h7 0 General Information: Here the word “they” refers to Paul and Barnabas. -ACT 14 5 yiv9 ἐγένετο ὁρμὴ…τοῖς ἄρχουσιν αὐτῶν 1 attempted to persuade their leaders “tried to convince the leaders of Iconium.” Here “attempted” implies they were not able to fully persuade them before the apostles left the city. -ACT 14 5 q6g2 ὑβρίσαι καὶ λιθοβολῆσαι αὐτούς 1 to mistreat and stone Paul and Barnabas “to beat Paul and Barnabas and to kill them by throwing stones at them” +ACT 14 5 q6g2 ὑβρίσαι καὶ λιθοβολῆσαι αὐτούς 1 to mistreat and stone them “to beat Paul and Barnabas and to kill them by throwing stones at them” ACT 14 6 tpl1 translate-names τῆς Λυκαονίας 1 Lycaonia A district in Asia Minor (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) ACT 14 6 m5gv translate-names Λύστραν 1 Lystra A city in Asia Minor south of Iconium and north of Derbe (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) ACT 14 6 tl4q translate-names Δέρβην 1 Derbe A city in Asia Minor south of Iconium and Lystra (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) @@ -1366,7 +1392,7 @@ ACT 14 8 wb5k writing-participants τις ἀνὴρ…ἐκάθητο 1 a certa ACT 14 8 kz7d ἀδύνατος…τοῖς ποσὶν 1 powerless in his feet “unable to move his legs” or “unable to walk on his feet” ACT 14 8 tca1 χωλὸς ἐκ κοιλίας μητρὸς αὐτοῦ 1 a cripple from his mother’s womb “having been born as a cripple” ACT 14 8 hw4l χωλὸς 1 cripple person who cannot walk -ACT 14 9 di49 ὃς ἀτενίσας αὐτῷ 1 Paul fixed his eyes on him “Paul looked straight at him” +ACT 14 9 di49 ὃς ἀτενίσας αὐτῷ 1 He looked intently at him “Paul looked straight at the man” ACT 14 9 xak4 figs-abstractnouns ἔχει πίστιν τοῦ σωθῆναι 1 had faith to be made well The abstract noun “faith” can be translated with the verb “believe.” Alternate translation: “believed that Jesus could heal him” or “believed that Jesus could make him well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ACT 14 10 v1kz ἥλατο 1 jumped up “leaped in the air.” This implies that his legs were completely healed. ACT 14 11 axe6 ὃ ἐποίησεν Παῦλος 1 what Paul had done This refers to Paul’s healing the crippled man. @@ -1419,13 +1445,15 @@ ACT 14 26 f2cg ὅθεν ἦσαν παραδεδομένοι τῇ χάριτ ACT 14 27 vcd3 0 General Information: Here the words “they,” “them,” and “They” refer to Paul and Barnabas. The word “he” refers to God. ACT 14 27 i9dv συναγαγόντες τὴν ἐκκλησίαν 1 gathered the church together “called the local believers to meet together” ACT 14 27 b4id figs-metaphor ἤνοιξεν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν θύραν πίστεως 1 he had opened a door of faith for the Gentiles God’s enabling the Gentiles to believe is spoken of as if he had opened a door that had prevented them from entering into faith. Alternate translation: “God had made it possible for the Gentiles to believe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +ACT 14 28 abcq figs-litotes χρόνον οὐκ ὀλίγον 1 for not a little time This phrase is a litotes. The words **not* and **a little** together mean ‘a lot.’ Alternate translation: “for a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) ACT 15 intro h917 0 # Acts 15 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 15:16-17.

The meeting that Luke describes in this chapter is commonly called the “Jerusalem Council.” This was a time when many church leaders got together to decide if believers needed to obey the whole law of Moses.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Brothers

In this chapter Luke begins to use the word “brothers” to refer to fellow Christians instead of fellow Jews.

### Obeying the law of Moses

Some believers wanted the Gentiles to be circumcised because God had told Abraham and Moses that everyone who wanted to belong to him had to be circumcised and that this was a law that would always exist. But Paul and Barnabas had seen God give uncircumcised Gentiles the gift of the Holy Spirit, so they did not want the Gentiles to be circumcised. Both groups went to Jerusalem to have the church leaders decide what they should do.

### “Abstain from things sacrificed to idols, blood, things strangled, and from sexual immorality”

It is possible that the church leaders decided on these laws so that Jews and Gentiles could not only live together but eat the same foods together.
ACT 15 1 qck6 0 Connecting Statement: Paul and Barnabas are still in Antioch when there is a dispute about the Gentiles and circumcision. ACT 15 1 su66 figs-explicit τινες 1 Some men “Some men.” You can make explicit that these men were Jews who believed in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ACT 15 1 p3k9 κατελθόντες ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰουδαίας 1 came down from Judea The phrase “came down” is used here because Judea is higher in elevation than Antioch. ACT 15 1 zi1n figs-explicit ἐδίδασκον τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς 1 taught the brothers Here “brothers” stands for believers in Christ. It is implied that they were in Antioch. Alternate translation: “taught the believers at Antioch” or “were teaching the believers at Antioch” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ACT 15 1 pm8h figs-activepassive ἐὰν μὴ περιτμηθῆτε τῷ ἔθει τῷ Μωϋσέως, οὐ δύνασθε σωθῆναι 1 Unless you are circumcised according to the custom of Moses, you cannot be saved This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Unless someone circumcises you according to the custom of Moses, God cannot save you” or “God will not save you from your sins unless you receive circumcision according to the law of Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -ACT 15 2 f9nd figs-abstractnouns στάσεως καὶ ζητήσεως οὐκ ὀλίγης…πρὸς αὐτοὺς 1 a sharp dispute and debate with them The abstract nouns “sharp dispute” and “debate” can be stated as verbs and where the men came from can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “had confronted and debated with the men from Judea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +ACT 15 2 abcr figs-litotes στάσεως καὶ ζητήσεως οὐκ ὀλίγης 1 had not a little dispute and debate This phrase is a litotes. The words **not* and **a little** together mean ‘a lot.’ Alternate translation: “a sharp dispute and debate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) +ACT 15 2 f9nd figs-abstractnouns γενομένης…στάσεως καὶ ζητήσεως οὐκ ὀλίγης 1 had not a little dispute and debate The abstract nouns “dispute” and “debate” can be stated as verbs and where the men came from can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “strongly confronted and debated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ACT 15 2 ek6a ἀναβαίνειν…εἰς Ἰερουσαλὴμ 1 go up to Jerusalem Jerusalem was higher than almost any other place in Israel, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of going up to Jerusalem. ACT 15 2 z983 τοῦ ζητήματος τούτου 1 this question “this issue” ACT 15 3 h2mw 0 General Information: Here the words “They,” “they,” and “them” refer to Paul, Barnabas, and certain others ([Acts 15:2](../15/02.md)). @@ -1451,6 +1479,7 @@ ACT 15 7 b5s8 figs-metonymy τὸν λόγον τοῦ εὐαγγελίου 1 t ACT 15 8 m1xc figs-metonymy ὁ καρδιογνώστης 1 who knows the heart Here “heart” refers to the “minds” or “inner beings.” Alternate translation: “who knows the people’s minds” or “who knows what people think” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ACT 15 8 p6d2 ἐμαρτύρησεν αὐτοῖς 1 witnesses to them “witnesses to the Gentiles” ACT 15 8 i1gc δοὺς τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον 1 giving them the Holy Spirit “causing the Holy Spirit to come upon them” +ACT 15 8 abcs figs-ellipsis καθὼς καὶ ἡμῖν 1 just as also to us Here Luke expects his readers to understand the words ‘he gave’ that he leaves out. Alternate translation: “just as he also gave to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) ACT 15 9 zs2g οὐδὲν διέκρινεν 1 made no distinction God did not treat Jewish believers different from Gentile believers. ACT 15 9 ase1 figs-metaphor τῇ πίστει καθαρίσας τὰς καρδίας αὐτῶν 1 making their hearts clean by faith God’s forgiving the Gentile believers’ sins is spoken as though he literally cleaned their hearts. Here “heart” stands for the person’s inner being. Alternate translation: “forgiving their sins because they believed in Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ACT 15 10 ha45 figs-inclusive 0 General Information: Peter includes his audience by his use of “our” and “we.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) @@ -1465,7 +1494,8 @@ ACT 15 12 uks6 ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεὸς 1 God had worked “God had done ACT 15 13 vb25 0 General Information: Here the word “they” refers to Paul and Barnabas ([Acts 15:12](../15/12.md)). ACT 15 13 l7mp 0 Connecting Statement: James begins to speak to the apostles and elders ([Acts 15:6](../15/06.md)). ACT 15 13 pl6m ἀδελφοί, ἀκούσατέ 1 Brothers, listen “Fellow believers, listen.” James was probably speaking only to men. -ACT 15 14 s9dn λαβεῖν ἐξ ἐθνῶν λαὸν 1 in order to take from them a people “so that he might choose from among them a people” +ACT 15 14 abct ἐπεσκέψατο, λαβεῖν ἐξ ἐθνῶν 1 visited them to take from the Gentiles “graciously helped the Gentiles by taking out of them” +ACT 15 14 s9dn λαβεῖν ἐξ ἐθνῶν λαὸν 1 to take from them a people “so that he might choose from among them a people” ACT 15 14 pnr9 figs-metonymy τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ 1 for his name “for God’s name.” Here “name” refers to God. Alternate translation: “for himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ACT 15 15 h9um 0 General Information: Here “I” refers to God who spoke through the words of his prophet. ACT 15 15 ibb2 0 Connecting Statement: James quotes the prophet Amos from the Old Testament. @@ -1676,6 +1706,7 @@ ACT 17 5 ie1f τῶν ἀγοραίων 1 from the marketplace “from the publ ACT 17 5 t3bc figs-metonymy ἐθορύβουν τὴν πόλιν 1 set the city in an uproar Here “the city” stands for the people in the city. Alternate translation: “caused the people of the city to be in an uproar” or “caused the people of the city to riot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ACT 17 5 s3uv ἐπιστάντες τῇ οἰκίᾳ 1 Assaulting the house “Violently attacking the house.” This probably means the people were throwing rocks at the house and trying to break down the door of the house. ACT 17 5 ks2l translate-names Ἰάσονος 1 Jason This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +ACT 17 5 abcu αὐτοὺς προαγαγεῖν 1 to bring them out “to bring Paul and Silas out” ACT 17 5 pp7k προαγαγεῖν εἰς τὸν δῆμον 1 out to the people Possible meanings or “people” are 1) a governmental or legal group of citizens gathered to make a decision or 2) a mob. ACT 17 6 i79p τινας ἀδελφοὺς 1 certain other brothers Here “brothers” refers to believers. Alternate translation: “some other believers” ACT 17 6 e44z ἐπὶ τοὺς πολιτάρχας 1 before the officials “in the presence of the officials” @@ -1694,6 +1725,7 @@ ACT 17 11 hle3 figs-metonymy ἐδέξαντο τὸν λόγον 1 received the ACT 17 11 uh8a μετὰ πάσης προθυμίας 1 with all readiness of mind These Bereans were prepared to examine earnestly Paul’s teachings about the scripture. ACT 17 11 lzm3 καθ’ ἡμέραν ἀνακρίνοντες τὰς Γραφὰς 1 examining the scriptures daily “carefully reading and evaluating the scriptures every day” ACT 17 11 g8an ἔχοι ταῦτα οὕτως 1 these things were so “the things Paul said were true” +ACT 17 12 abcv figs-litotes ἀνδρῶν οὐκ ὀλίγοι 1 not a few men This is an understatement to emphasize that many men believed the message. Alternate translation: “many men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) ACT 17 13 vn8h translate-names 0 General Information: Athens is down the coast from Barea which is in Macedonia. Athens was one of the most important cities in Greece. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) ACT 17 13 asb4 figs-metaphor ἦλθον κἀκεῖ, σαλεύοντες 1 went there and stirred up This speaks about their agitating people as though it were a person stirring a liquid and causing the things at the bottom of the liquid to rise to the surface. Alternate translation: “went there and agitated” or “went there and disturbed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ACT 17 13 wjq3 ταράσσοντες τοὺς ὄχλους 1 troubled the crowds “and worried the crowds” or “caused dread and fear among the people” @@ -1771,6 +1803,7 @@ ACT 18 intro rky6 0 # Acts 18 General Notes
## Special concepts in this ch ACT 18 1 jat1 writing-background 0 General Information: Aquila and Priscilla are introduced to the story and verses 2 and 3 give background information about them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) ACT 18 1 qa9b 0 Connecting Statement: This is another part of the story of Paul’s travels as he goes to Corinth. ACT 18 1 fky7 μετὰ ταῦτα 1 After these things “After these events took place in Athens” +ACT 18 1 abcw χωρισθεὶς 1 he departed “Paul departed” ACT 18 1 h2si ἐκ τῶν Ἀθηνῶν 1 Athens Athens was one of the most important cities in Greece. See how you translated this in [Acts 17:15](../17/15.md). ACT 18 2 d9zx καὶ εὑρών 1 There he met Possible meanings are that 1) Paul happened to find by chance or 2) Paul intentionally found. ACT 18 2 hm16 writing-participants τινα Ἰουδαῖον ὀνόματι Ἀκύλαν 1 a Jew named Aquila Here the phrase “a certain” indicates this is introducing new person in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) @@ -1817,6 +1850,7 @@ ACT 18 18 ura9 0 Connecting Statement: This continues Paul’s missionary jour ACT 18 18 et8c figs-gendernotations τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς ἀποταξάμενος 1 left the brothers The word “brothers” refers to men and women believers. Alternate translation: “left the fellow believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) ACT 18 18 v5kl ἐξέπλει εἰς τὴν Συρίαν, καὶ σὺν αὐτῷ Πρίσκιλλα καὶ Ἀκύλας 1 sailed for Syria with Priscilla and Aquila Paul got on a ship that sailed for Syria. Priscilla and Aquila went with him. ACT 18 18 kq6f translate-symaction κειράμενος…τὴν κεφαλήν, εἶχεν γὰρ εὐχήν 1 he shaved his head…because he had madef a vow This is a symbolic action that indicates the completion of a vow. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he had someone cut off the hair on his head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +ACT 18 19 abcx κἀκείνους κατέλιπεν 1 he left them “Paul left Priscilla and Aquilla” ACT 18 19 st93 διελέξατο τοῖς 1 reasoned with “discussed with” or “debated with” ACT 18 20 u44s 0 General Information: Here the words “they” and “them” refer to the Jews in Ephesus. ACT 18 21 iz1u ἀποταξάμενος 1 taking his leave of them “saying good-bye to them” @@ -1880,7 +1914,8 @@ ACT 19 9 den4 translate-names Τυράννου 1 Tyrannus This is the name of a ACT 19 10 cw5g figs-hyperbole πάντας τοὺς κατοικοῦντας τὴν Ἀσίαν ἀκοῦσαι τὸν λόγον τοῦ Κυρίου 1 all who lived in Asia heard the word of the Lord Here “all” is a generalization that means very many people throughout Asia heard the gospel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) ACT 19 10 kj12 figs-metonymy τὸν λόγον τοῦ Κυρίου 1 the word of the Lord Here “word” stands for a message. Alternate translation: “the message about the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ACT 19 11 cb6w 0 General Information: Here the words “them” and “they” refer to those who were sick. -ACT 19 11 fa6h figs-synecdoche δυνάμεις τε οὐ τὰς τυχούσας, ὁ Θεὸς ἐποίει διὰ τῶν χειρῶν Παύλου 1 God was doing mighty deeds by the hands of Paul Here “hands” stands for Paul’s whole person. Alternate translation: “God was causing Paul to do miracles” or “God was doing miracles through Paul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +ACT 19 11 fa6h figs-synecdoche δυνάμεις τε οὐ τὰς τυχούσας, ὁ Θεὸς ἐποίει διὰ τῶν χειρῶν Παύλου 1 God was doing not ordinary miracles by the hands of Paul Here “hands” stands for Paul’s whole person. Alternate translation: “God was causing Paul to do miracles” or “God was doing miracles through Paul” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +ACT 19 11 abcy οὐ τὰς τυχούσας 1 not ordinary “unusual” ACT 19 12 m3kl καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀσθενοῦντας ἀποφέρεσθαι ἀπὸ τοῦ χρωτὸς αὐτοῦ σουδάρια ἢ σιμικίνθια, καὶ 1 even handkerchiefs and aprons that had touched him were taken to the sick and This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when they took to sick people even handkerchiefs and aprons that had touched Paul” ACT 19 12 vc1v καὶ…ἀπὸ τοῦ χρωτὸς αὐτοῦ σουδάρια ἢ σιμικίνθια 1 even handkerchiefs and aprons that had touched him Possible meanings are 1) these were cloth items that Paul had touched or 2) these were cloth items that Paul had worn or used. ACT 19 12 aks4 σουδάρια 1 handkerchiefs cloths worn around the head @@ -1919,12 +1954,12 @@ ACT 19 22 uy9x figs-rpronouns αὐτὸς 1 he himself This is repeated for emp ACT 19 23 y5ae writing-background 0 General Information: Demetrius is introduced to the story. Verse 24 introduces background information about Demetrius. Ephesus had a large temple dedicated to the goddess Artemis, sometimes translated as “Diana.” She was a false goddess of fertility. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) ACT 19 23 l7gz 0 Connecting Statement: Luke tells about a riot that broke out while Paul was in Ephesus. ACT 19 23 kn49 ἐγένετο…τάραχος οὐκ ὀλίγος περὶ τῆς ὁδοῦ 1 there was no small disturbance in Ephesus concerning the Way This is a summary opening statement. -ACT 19 23 nb3p ἐγένετο…τάραχος οὐκ ὀλίγος 1 there was no small disturbance “the people became very upset” See how you translated this in [Acts 12:18](../12/18.md) +ACT 19 23 nb3p figs-litotes ἐγένετο…τάραχος οὐκ ὀλίγος 1 there was no small disturbance “the people became very upset” See how you translated this in [Acts 12:18](../12/18.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) ACT 19 23 rwf2 τῆς ὁδοῦ 1 the Way This was a term used to refer to Christianity. See how you translated this title in [Acts 9:1](../09/01.md). ACT 19 24 cg16 writing-participants Δημήτριος…τις ὀνόματι ἀργυροκόπος 1 A certain silversmith named Demetrius The use of the words “a certain” introduces a new person in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) ACT 19 24 nwt7 ἀργυροκόπος 1 silversmith a craftsman who works with silver metal to make statues and jewelry ACT 19 24 v8cb translate-names Δημήτριος…ὀνόματι 1 named Demetrius This is the name of a man. Demetrius was a silversmith in Ephesus who was against Paul and the local church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -ACT 19 24 p58m παρείχετο…οὐκ ὀλίγην ἐργασίαν 1 brought in much business “made a lot of money for those who made the idols” +ACT 19 24 p58m figs-litotes παρείχετο…οὐκ ὀλίγην ἐργασίαν 1 brought in much business This is a way of saying that he brought in much business. Alternate translation: “made a lot of money for those who made the idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) ACT 19 25 kuz6 τοὺς περὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα ἐργάτας 1 the workmen of that occupation An occupation is a profession or job. Alternate translation: “others who did that kind of work” ACT 19 26 w5z6 0 Connecting Statement: Demetrius continues to speak to the craftsmen. ACT 19 26 rm6w θεωρεῖτε καὶ ἀκούετε ὅτι 1 You see and hear that “You have come to know and understand that” @@ -1994,6 +2029,7 @@ ACT 20 9 hw7b 0 General Information: Here the word “himself” refers to Pau ACT 20 9 v5q7 ἐπὶ τῆς θυρίδος 1 In the window This was an opening in the wall with a ledge that was wide enough on which a person could sit. ACT 20 9 ju64 translate-names Εὔτυχος 1 Eutychus This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) ACT 20 9 tsp4 figs-metaphor καταφερόμενος ὕπνῳ βαθεῖ 1 who fell into a deep sleep This speaks about sleep as if it were a deep hole into which a person could fall. Alternate translation: “who slept soundly” or “who became more and more tired until finally he was sleeping soundly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +ACT 20 9 abcz κατενεχθεὶς ἀπὸ τοῦ ὕπνου 1 overcome by sleep The young man was fell asleep, not Paul. ACT 20 9 jp89 figs-activepassive τριστέγου…καὶ ἤρθη νεκρός 1 third story and was picked up dead When they went down to check his condition, they saw he was dead. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “third story; and when they went to pick him up, they found that he was dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ACT 20 9 kh3h τριστέγου 1 third story This means two floors above the ground floor. If your culture does not count the ground floor, you may state this as the “second story.” ACT 20 11 av7m 0 General Information: Here the word “he” refers to Paul. @@ -2001,6 +2037,7 @@ ACT 20 11 lih8 0 Connecting Statement: This is the end of the part of the stor ACT 20 11 w5w8 figs-synecdoche κλάσας τὸν ἄρτον 1 broke bread Bread was a common food during meals. Here “break bread” probably means they shared a meal with more kinds of food than just bread. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) ACT 20 11 t88c οὕτως ἐξῆλθεν 1 he left “he went away” ACT 20 12 jkj5 τὸν παῖδα 1 the boy This refers to Eutychus ([Acts 20:9](../20/09.md)). Possible meanings are 1) he was a young man over 14 years old or 2) he was a boy between 9 and 14 years old or 3) the word “boy” implies that he was a servant or a slave. +ACT 20 12 figs-litotes οὐ μετρίως 1 not moderately This is a way of saying that they were greatly comforted. Alternate translation: “greatly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) ACT 20 13 dja7 figs-exclusive 0 General Information: The words “he,” “himself,” and “him” refer to Paul. Here the word “we” refers to the writer and those traveling with him, but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) ACT 20 13 awt9 0 Connecting Statement: The writer Luke, Paul, and his other companions continue their travels; however, Paul goes separately for part of the trip. ACT 20 13 w4ew figs-rpronouns ἡμεῖς…προελθόντες 1 We ourselves went The word “ourselves” adds emphasis and separates Luke and his traveling companions from Paul, who did not travel by boat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) @@ -2319,7 +2356,8 @@ ACT 23 16 d7cy 0 General Information: Here the word “he” refers to Paul’ ACT 23 16 w6fe υἱὸς τῆς ἀδελφῆς Παύλου 1 Paul’s sister’s son “the son of Paul’s sister” or “Paul’s nephew” ACT 23 16 pj5h τὴν ἐνέδραν 1 they were lying in wait “they were ready to ambush Paul” or “they were waiting to kill Paul” ACT 23 16 a5hx τὴν παρεμβολὴν 1 the fortress This fortress was connected to the outer temple court. See how you translated this in [Acts 21:34](../21/34.md). -ACT 23 18 lzf3 ὁ δέσμιος, Παῦλος, προσκαλεσάμενός με 1 Paul the prisoner called me to him “Paul the prisoner asked me to come talk with him” +ACT 23 18 abd0 ὁ μὲν οὖν παραλαβὼν αὐτὸν, ἤγαγεν 1 So taking him, he brought him “So taking the young man, the centurion brought him” +ACT 23 18 lzf3 ὁ δέσμιος, Παῦλος, προσκαλεσάμενός με 1 Paul the prisoner summoned me “Paul the prisoner asked me to come talk with him” ACT 23 18 ju2b τοῦτον τὸν νεανίαν 1 this young man Since the chief captain calls him a young man, this suggests Paul’s nephew may have been 12 to 15 years old. ACT 23 19 yp12 ἐπιλαβόμενος…τῆς χειρὸς αὐτοῦ ὁ χιλίαρχος 1 chief captain took him by the hand Since the chief captain took the young man by the hand and calls him a young man (verse 18), this suggests Paul’s nephew may have been 12 to 15 years old. ACT 23 20 uv6r figs-synecdoche οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι συνέθεντο 1 The Jews have agreed This does not mean all Jews, but all of the group that was there. Alternate translation: “Some of the Jews have agreed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) @@ -2353,8 +2391,11 @@ ACT 23 31 ifs1 translate-names 0 General Information: Here the first word “hi ACT 23 31 s9rf 0 Connecting Statement: This ends Paul’s time under arrest in Jerusalem and begins his time of arrest in Caesarea with Governor Felix. ACT 23 31 ny4k οἱ…οὖν στρατιῶται κατὰ τὸ διατεταγμένον αὐτοῖς 1 So the soldiers obeyed their orders The word “so” marks an event that happened because of something else that happened previously. In this case, the previous event is the chief captain’s commanding the soldiers to escort Paul. ACT 23 31 ptv4 ἀναλαβόντες τὸν Παῦλον, ἤγαγον διὰ νυκτὸς 1 They took Paul and brought him by night Here “brought” can be translated as “took.” Alternate translation: “They got Paul and took him at night” +ACT 23 32 abd1 ἐάσαντες…ὑπέστρεψαν 1 they allowed…but they returned Here both instances of **they** refer to the foot soldiers who left the horsemen and returned to their fortress. +ACT 23 33 εἰσελθόντες 1 they entered Here **they** refers to the horsemen who took Paul all the way to Caesarea. ACT 23 34 u44w 0 General Information: Here the first and second words “he” refer to Governor Felix, the third word “he” and the word “him” refer to Paul, and the last word “he” refers to Governor Felix. The words “you” and your” refer to Paul. -ACT 23 34 dtx1 figs-quotations ἐπερωτήσας ἐκ ποίας ἐπαρχείας ἐστὶν, καὶ 1 he asked what province Paul was from. When This can be stated as a direct quotation. Alternate translation: “he asked Paul, ‘What province are you from?’ When” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) +ACT 23 34 abd2 ἀναγνοὺς…ἐπερωτήσας…πυθόμενος 1 reading…asking…learning All of these actions are things the governor did. +ACT 23 34 dtx1 figs-quotations ἐπερωτήσας ἐκ ποίας ἐπαρχείας ἐστὶν 1 asking what province Paul was from This can be stated as a direct quotation. Alternate translation: “he asked Paul, ‘What province are you from?’ When” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) ACT 23 35 dwv2 figs-quotations ἔφη 1 he said This sentence, which begins with the words “When he learned” in verse 43, can be stated as a direct quotation. Alternate translation: “Paul said, ‘I am from Cilicia.’ Then the governor said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]]) ACT 23 35 uji1 διακούσομαί σου 1 I will hear you fully “I will listen to all you have to say” ACT 23 35 mga2 κελεύσας…φυλάσσεσθαι αὐτόν 1 he commanded him to be kept This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he commanded soldiers to keep him” or “commanded soldiers to restrain him” @@ -2437,9 +2478,9 @@ ACT 25 1 w8h3 οὖν 1 Now This word marks the beginning of a new event in the ACT 25 1 i7t9 Φῆστος…ἐπιβὰς τῇ ἐπαρχείᾳ 1 Festus entered the province Possible meanings are 1) Festus arrived in the area to begin his rule or 2) Festus simply arrived in the area. ACT 25 1 zz4l ἀνέβη εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα ἀπὸ Καισαρείας 1 he went from Caesarea up to Jerusalem The phrase “went up” is used here because Jerusalem is higher in elevation than Caesarea. ACT 25 2 qnc8 figs-metaphor ἐνεφάνισάν…οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ οἱ πρῶτοι τῶν Ἰουδαίων κατὰ τοῦ Παύλου 1 The chief priest and the prominent Jews brought accusations against Paul This speaks about accusations as if they were an object that a person could bring to someone else. Alternate translation: “The chief priest and the important Jews accused Paul to Festus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -ACT 25 2 uj5p παρεκάλουν αὐτὸν 1 they urged him Here the word “him” refers to Festus. -ACT 25 3 w8um αἰτούμενοι χάριν 1 asked him for a favor Here the word “him” refers to Festus. -ACT 25 3 qz46 ὅπως μεταπέμψηται αὐτὸν εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ 1 that Festus might summon Paul to Jerusalem This means that Festus would order his soldiers to bring Paul to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “that he might order his soldiers to bring Paul to Jerusalem” +ACT 25 2 uj5p παρεκάλουν αὐτὸν 1 they summoned him Here the word “him” refers to Festus. +ACT 25 3 w8um χάριν κατ’ αὐτοῦ 1 a favor against him Here the word “him” refers to Paul. +ACT 25 3 qz46 ὅπως μεταπέμψηται αὐτὸν εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ 1 that he might summon him to Jerusalem This means that Festus would order his soldiers to bring Paul to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “that he might order his soldiers to bring Paul to Jerusalem” ACT 25 3 pg8x ἀνελεῖν αὐτὸν κατὰ τὴν ὁδόν 1 so that they could kill him along the way They were going to ambush Paul. ACT 25 4 p3tt figs-exclusive 0 General Information: Here the word “us” refers to Festus and the Romans traveling with him, but not to his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) ACT 25 4 v5f9 figs-quotations Φῆστος ἀπεκρίθη, τηρεῖσθαι τὸν Παῦλον εἰς Καισάρειαν, ἑαυτὸν δὲ μέλλειν ἐν τάχει ἐκπορεύεσθαι 1 Festus answered that Paul was being held at Caesarea, and that he himself was going there soon. This can be stated as a direct quotation. Alternate translation: “But Festus said, ‘Paul is being held prisoner in Caesarea, and I myself will soon return there.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])