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Corrected format and spacing errors in Ephesians (#1423)

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Larry Sallee 2020-07-21 14:18:51 +00:00 committed by Gogs
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@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ EPH 1 22 jm9i figs-metonymy πάντα ὑπέταξεν ὑπὸ τοὺς πό
EPH 1 22 pm4t bita-hq κεφαλὴν ὑπὲρ πάντα 1 head over all things Here **head** is a metaphor that refers to the leader or the one who is in charge. Alternate translation: “ruler over all things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
EPH 1 23 ge2c bita-hq τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ 1 his body Just as the head (verse 22) rules all things pertaining to a human body, so Christ is the head of the church body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
EPH 1 23 w2kh τὸ πλήρωμα τοῦ τὰ πάντα ἐν πᾶσιν πληρουμένου 1 the fullness of the one who fills all in all “Christ fills the church with his life and power just as he gives life to all things”
EPH 1 23 12kh τὸ πλήρωμα 1 the fullness This could have either 1) a passive sense, which would mean that Christ fills or completes the church, or 2) an active sense, which would mean that the church completes Christ (as a body completes a head).
EPH 1 23 x2kh τὸ πλήρωμα 1 the fullness This could have either 1) a passive sense, which would mean that Christ fills or completes the church, or 2) an active sense, which would mean that the church completes Christ (as a body completes a head).
EPH 2 intro e7qn 0 # Ephesians 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter focuses on the life that a Christian had before coming to believe in Jesus. Paul then uses this information to explain how a person’s former way of living is distinct from a Christian’s new identity “in Christ.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### One body<br>Paul teaches about the church in this chapter. The church is made of two different groups of people (Jews and Gentiles). They are now one group or “body.” The church is also known as the body of Christ. Jews and Gentiles are united in Christ.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### “Dead in trespasses and sins”<br>Paul teaches that those who are not Christians are “dead” in their sin. Sin binds or enslaves them. This makes them spiritually “dead.” Paul writes that God makes Christians alive in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/death]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Descriptions of worldly living<br>Paul uses many different ways to describe how non-Christians act. They “lived according to the ways of this world” and are “living according to the ruler of the authorities of the air,” “fulfilling the evil desires of our sinful nature,” and “carrying out the desires of the body and of the mind.”<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “It is the gift of God”<br>Some scholars believe “it” here refers to being saved. Other scholars believe that it is faith that is the gift of God. Because of how the Greek tenses agree, “it” here probably refers to both things: the gift is that we are saved by God’s grace through faith.<br><br>### Flesh<br><br> “Flesh” is sometimes used as a metaphor for a person’s sinful nature. The phrase “Gentiles in the flesh” indicates the Ephesians once lived without any concern for God. But “lesh” is also used n this verse to refer to the physia person, similar to “body “part of man. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]])
EPH 2 1 xf5s 0 Connecting Statement: Paul reminds the believers of their past and the way they now are before God.
EPH 2 1 dxx8 figs-metaphor ὑμᾶς ὄντας νεκροὺς τοῖς παραπτώμασιν καὶ ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις ὑμῶν 1 you were dead in your trespasses and sins This shows how sinful people are unable to obey God similar to the way that a dead person is unable to respond physically. Alternate translation: “you were spiritually dead, unable to do anything but sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ EPH 2 8 abpc figs-abstractnouns τῇ γὰρ χάριτί ἐστε σεσῳσ
EPH 2 8 r8u8 τοῦτο 1 this The word **this** refers back to **by grace you have been saved by faith**.
EPH 2 9 al4s οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων, ἵνα μή τις καυχήσηται 1 not from works, so that no one may boast You may want to start a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “Salvation does not come from works, so that no one may boast” or “God does not save a person because of what that person does, so no one can boast and say that he earned his salvation”
EPH 2 9 abcr grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 so that The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a goal relationship. The goal or purpose of God of saving believers by grace instead of by their works is that no person might boast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
EPH 2 10 abcs grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 For The connecting word **For** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that God is the one who created us to do any good works that we do. The result is that people cannot boast. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 2 10 abcs grammar-connect-logic-result γάρ 1 For The connecting word **For** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that God is the one who created us to do any good works that we do. The result is that people cannot boast. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 2 10 fa4l ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 in Christ Jesus **In Christ Jesus** and similar expressions are metaphors that frequently occur in the New Testament letters. They express the strongest kind of relationship possible between Christ and those who believe in him.
EPH 2 10 abd0 grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 so that The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a goal relationship. The goal or purpose of God creating us as he did is that we would do the good works that he intended for us to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
EPH 2 10 lws4 figs-metaphor ἐν αὐτοῖς περιπατήσωμεν 1 we would walk in them Walking on a path is a metaphor for how a person lives his life. Here **in them** refers to the **good works**. Alternate translation: “we would always and continually do those good deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ EPH 2 12 sti2 figs-metaphor ξένοι τῶν διαθηκῶν τῆς ἐπα
EPH 2 13 abcw grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 But The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. The current condition of the Gentile Ephesian believers, after they believed in Christ, is near to God. That is in contrast to their previous condition, before they believed in Christ, of being separated from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 2 13 uf8m figs-metaphor ὑμεῖς οἵ ποτε ὄντες μακρὰν, ἐγενήθητε ἐγγὺς ἐν τῷ αἵματι τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 you who once were far away have been brought near by the blood of Christ Not belonging to God due to sin is spoken of as being far away from God. Belonging to God because of the blood of Christ is spoken of as being brought near to God. Alternate translation: “you who once did not belong to God now belong to God because of the blood of Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 2 13 tth1 figs-metonymy ἐν τῷ αἵματι τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 by the blood of Christ The blood of Christ is a metonym for his death. Alternate translation: “by Christ’s death” or “when Christ died for us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EPH 2 14 abcv grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 For The connecting word **For** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that Christ himself joined them to the Jewish believers. The result is that the Gentile Ephesian believers were brought near to God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 2 14 abcv grammar-connect-logic-result γάρ 1 For The connecting word **For** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that Christ himself joined them to the Jewish believers. The result is that the Gentile Ephesian believers were brought near to God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 2 14 ue4u αὐτὸς…ἐστιν ἡ εἰρήνη ἡμῶν 1 he himself is our peace “Jesus gives us his peace”
EPH 2 14 ccy8 figs-inclusive ἡ εἰρήνη ἡμῶν 1 our peace The word **our** refers to Paul and his readers and so is inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
EPH 2 14 t9zn ὁ ποιήσας τὰ ἀμφότερα ἓν 1 who has made the two one “who made the Jews and Gentiles one”
@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ EPH 3 17 g4g1 figs-metaphor ἐν ἀγάπῃ, ἐρριζωμένοι καὶ
EPH 3 18 abd8 grammar-connect-logic-result ἵνα 1 so that The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that Christ would live in their hearts. The result is that the Ephesian believers would fully know the love of God and be filled with God’s fullness. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 3 18 bkk6 καταλαβέσθαι 1 so you can understand This is the third item for which Paul bends his knees and prays; the first is that God will grant that they be strengthened ([Ephesians 3:16](../03/16.md)) and the second is that Christ may live in their hearts through faith ([Ephesians 3:17](../03/17.md)).
EPH 3 18 uu6l πᾶσιν τοῖς ἁγίοις 1 all the saints “all the believers in Christ”
EPH 3 18 ef4t figs-metaphor τὸ πλάτος, καὶ μῆκος, καὶ ὕψος, καὶ βάθος 1 the width and length and height and depth In this metaphor Paul pictures something that is not physical or measurable as something that is physical but stretches out in all directions, and thus is very large. Possible meanings are: (1) these word describe the intensity of Christ’s love for us. Alternate translation: “how very much Christ loves us” or (2) these words describe the greatness of God’s wisdom. Alternate translation: “how very wise God is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 3 18 ef4s figs-metaphor τὸ πλάτος, καὶ μῆκος, καὶ ὕψος, καὶ βάθος 1 the width and length and height and depth In this metaphor Paul pictures something that is not physical or measurable as something that is physical but stretches out in all directions, and thus is very large. Possible meanings are: (1) these word describe the intensity of Christ’s love for us. Alternate translation: “how very much Christ loves us” or (2) these words describe the greatness of God’s wisdom. Alternate translation: “how very wise God is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 3 18 ef4t figs-explicit τὸ πλάτος, καὶ μῆκος, καὶ ὕψος, καὶ βάθος 1 the width and length and height and depth It may be necessary to state explicitly what these words refer to. If so, you can combine this with the phrase from the next verse and say: “the width and length and height and depth of, and truly know, the love of Christ” or “the width and length and height and depth of the love of Christ, and truly know it”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EPH 3 19 rev9 γνῶναί…ἀγάπην τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 to know the love of Christ This continues the idea from the previous verse. They both refer to knowing the greatness of the love of Christ. Alternate translation: “that you can know how great Christ’s love for us is”
EPH 3 19 px4z ἵνα πληρωθῆτε εἰς πᾶν τὸ πλήρωμα τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 so that you may be filled with all the fullness of God This is the fourth item for which Paul bends his knees and prays ([Ephesians 3:14](../03/14.md)). The first is that they would **be strengthened** ([Ephesians 3:16](../03/16.md)), the second is that **Christ would live in their hearts through faith** ([Ephesians 3:17](../03/17.md)), and the third is that they **can comprehend Christ’s love** ([Ephesians 3:18](../03/18.md)).
@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ EPH 3 20 jk5c figs-inclusive 0 General Information: The words “we” and “u
EPH 3 20 m7gi 0 Connecting Statement: Paul concludes his prayer with a blessing.
EPH 3 20 zxj3 τῷ δὲ 1 Now to him who “Now to God, who”
EPH 3 20 zxt3 ποιῆσαι ὑπέρ ἐκ περισσοῦ ὧν αἰτούμεθα ἢ νοοῦμεν 1 to do exceedingly abundantly above all that we ask or think “to do much more than all that we ask or think” or “to do things that are much greater than anything that we ask him for or think about”
EPH 3 21 AB11 figs-abstractnouns αὐτῷ ἡ δόξα ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ 1 to him be glory in the church **glory** is an abstract noun. Alternate Translation: “May God’s people glorify him” or “May God’s people praise him for how great he is” See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 3 21 ab11 figs-abstractnouns αὐτῷ ἡ δόξα ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ 1 to him be glory in the church **glory** is an abstract noun. Alternate Translation: “May God’s people glorify him” or “May God’s people praise him for how great he is” See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 intro ang8 0 # Ephesians 04 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verse 8, which is quoted from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Spiritual gifts<br>Spiritual gifts are specific supernatural abilities that the Holy Spirit gives to Christians after they come to believe in Jesus. These spiritual gifts were foundational to developing the church. Paul lists here only some of the spiritual gifts. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>### Unity<br>Paul considers it very important that the church is united. This is a major theme of this chapter.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Old man and new man<br>The term “old man” probably refers to the sinful nature with which a person is born. The “new man” is the new nature or new life that God gives a person after they come to believe in Christ.
EPH 4 1 sb64 0 Connecting Statement: Because of what Paul has been writing to the Ephesians, he tells them how they should live their lives as believers and again emphasizes that believers are to agree with each other.
EPH 4 1 abda grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that God will be glorified in the church for all generations. The result is that believers should walk in a way that is worthy of the Lord. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ EPH 4 12 x5gd bita-hq σώματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 body of Christ Th
EPH 4 13 w1ik καταντήσωμεν…εἰς τὴν ἑνότητα τῆς πίστεως, καὶ τῆς ἐπιγνώσεως τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 reach to the unity of the faith and the knowledge of the Son of God The believers need to know Jesus as the Son of God if they are to be united in faith and mature as believers.
EPH 4 13 er6a figs-abstractnouns καταντήσωμεν…εἰς τὴν ἑνότητα τῆς πίστεως 1 reach to the unity of the faith **unity** is an abstract noun. Alternate Translation: “become equally strong in faith” or “become united together in faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 13 ab6a figs-abstractnouns καταντήσωμεν…εἰς τὴν ἑνότητα τῆς πίστεως 1 reach to the unity of the faith **faith** is an abstract noun. Alternate Translation: “become united together as believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 13 cd6a figs-abstractnouns καὶ εἰς τῆς ἐπιγνώσεως τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 and the knowledge of the Son of God **knowledge** is an abstract noun. Alternate Translation: “and all know well the Son of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 13 cd6a figs-abstractnouns καὶ τῆς ἐπιγνώσεως τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 and the knowledge of the Son of God **knowledge** is an abstract noun. Alternate Translation: “and all know well the Son of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 13 x7k3 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the Son of God This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
EPH 4 13 m3rt εἰς ἄνδρα τέλειον 1 to a mature man “a mature believer”
EPH 4 13 gv6m τέλειον 1 mature “fully developed” or “grown up” or “complete”
@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ EPH 4 14 xgi4 figs-metaphor ὦμεν νήπιοι 1 be children Paul refers to
EPH 4 14 ndj2 figs-metaphor κλυδωνιζόμενοι καὶ περιφερόμενοι παντὶ ἀνέμῳ τῆς διδασκαλίας 1 tossed back and forth…carried away by every wind of teaching Paul speaks of a believer who has not become mature and follows various wrong teachings as if that believer were a boat and the teachings were the wind and waves that move the boat in different directions on the water. See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 4 14 r3bj figs-abstractnouns ἐν τῇ κυβίᾳ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ἐν πανουργίᾳ πρὸς τὴν μεθοδίαν τῆς πλάνης 1 through the trickery of people in cleverness for deceitful scheming **trickery**, **cleverness**, and **scheming** are abstract nouns. Alternate Translation: “by crafty people who trick believers with clever lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 15 abdd grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Instead The connecting word **Instead** introduces a contrast relationship. Following every changing teaching is in contrast to becoming mature in Christ and building up his body. Use a word in your language that indicates contrast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 4 15 AB88 figs-abstractnouns ἀληθεύοντες 1 speaking the truth **truth** is an abstract noun. Alternate Translation: “speaking truthfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 15 ab88 figs-abstractnouns ἀληθεύοντες 1 speaking the truth **truth** is an abstract noun. Alternate Translation: “speaking truthfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 15 i2ff figs-abstractnouns ἐν ἀγάπῃ 1 in love **love** is an abstract noun. Alternate Translation: “as the members love one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 15 zw32 bita-hq εἰς αὐτὸν…ὅς ἐστιν ἡ κεφαλή 1 into him who is the head Paul uses a metaphor of the human body to describe how Christ causes believers to work together in harmony as the head of a body causes the body parts to work together to grow in a healthy way. See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
EPH 4 16 ll7f bita-hq ἐξ οὗ πᾶν τὸ σῶμα…τὴν αὔξησιν τοῦ σώματος ποιεῖται 1 from whom the whole body…causes the growth of the body Paul continues the metaphor of the believers as a human body with Christ as the head to describe how Christ causes believers to work together in harmony as the head of a body causes the body parts to work together to grow in a healthy way. See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ EPH 4 24 x41y figs-abstractnouns ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ καὶ ὁσιότ
EPH 4 24 abc7 figs-metaphor ἐνδύσασθαι τὸν καινὸν ἄνθρωπον 1 to put on the new man Paul continues to speak of a way of living as if it were a person, and also as if it were clothing, so that one could **put on** the new person like a robe. Alternate Translation: “be the new person” or “start living in the new way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 4 25 abdi grammar-connect-logic-result διὸ 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that God has created the believers as new, holy people. The result is that they would stop acting immorally like they used to live. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 4 25 abn8 ἀποθέμενοι τὸ ψεῦδος 1 putting aside lying Paul speaks of telling lies as if they were objects that the believers could set aside. Alternate translation: “no longer telling lies” or “instead of telling lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 4 25 AB23 figs-abstractnouns λαλεῖτε ἀλήθειαν 1 speak truth **truth** is an abstract noun. Alternate Translation: “speak truthfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 25 ab23 figs-abstractnouns λαλεῖτε ἀλήθειαν 1 speak truth **truth** is an abstract noun. Alternate Translation: “speak truthfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 4 25 abdj grammar-connect-logic-result ὅτι 1 because The connecting word **because** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that believers are members of the same body of Christ. The result is that believers should speak the truth to each other. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 4 25 zh2g bita-hq ἐσμὲν ἀλλήλων μέλη 1 we are members of one another Here Paul speaks of the close union of believers with each other as if they were each part of one single body. Alternate translation: “we belong to one another” or “we are all members of God’s family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
EPH 4 26 w8rw ὀργίζεσθε, καὶ μὴ ἁμαρτάνετε 1 Be angry and do not sin “You may get angry, but do not sin” or “If you become angry, do not sin”
@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ EPH 5 6 ab16 figs-abstractnouns ἔρχεται ἡ ὀργὴ τοῦ Θεοῦ
EPH 5 6 ab73 figs-idiom τοὺς υἱοὺς τῆς ἀπειθείας 1 the sons of disobedience This is an idiom that means, “people who habitually disobey” or “people who are characterized by disobedience” Alternate Translation: “those who disobey God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EPH 5 7 abdt grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that God will judge those people in his wrath. The result is that the Ephesian believers should not become partners with evil men. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 5 8 wy9d figs-metaphor ἦτε γάρ ποτε σκότος 1 because formerly you were darkness Just as one cannot see in the dark, so people who love to sin cannot see or understand the things of God. Alternate Translation: “because formerly you did not understand anything about God” See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 5 8 abdw grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 because The connecting word **because** introduces a reason-result relationship. The result is stated first (v.7): that the Ephesian believers should not become partners with evil men. The reason is stated second (v. 8): that the Ephesian believers are no longer darkness, but are now light. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result, in the order that is most natural for your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 5 8 abdw grammar-connect-logic-result γάρ 1 because The connecting word **because** introduces a reason-result relationship. The result is stated first (v.7): that the Ephesian believers should not become partners with evil men. The reason is stated second (v. 8): that the Ephesian believers are no longer darkness, but are now light. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result, in the order that is most natural for your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 5 8 iw4q figs-metaphor νῦν δὲ φῶς ἐν Κυρίῳ 1 but now are light in the Lord Just as one can see in the light, so people whom God has saved understand how to please God. Alternate Translation: “but now you know God and can live for him” See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 5 8 abdu grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 but The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. The fact that the Ephesian believers were formerly darkness is in contrast to the fact that they are now light. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 5 8 l6ki figs-metaphor ὡς τέκνα φωτὸς περιπατεῖτε 1 Walk as children of light Walking on a path is a metaphor for how a person lives his life. Alternate translation: “Live as people who understand what the Lord wants them to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ EPH 5 11 v4d1 figs-metaphor ἔργοις τοῖς ἀκάρποις 1 unfruitf
EPH 5 11 abc8 figs-metaphor τοῖς ἔργοις τοῖς ἀκάρποις τοῦ σκότους 1 the unfruitful works of darkness The word **darkness** is often used to represent sin. In this instance, these works result from sinful motives. Alternate translation: “deeds that are worthless because they were done from sinful motives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 5 11 abdx grammar-connect-logic-contrast μᾶλλον δὲ 1 but rather The connecting phrase **but rather** introduces contrast relationship. Participating in the works of darkness is in contrast to exposing them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 5 11 hpl2 figs-metaphor ἐλέγχετε 1 expose them Speaking against the works of darkness is spoken of as bringing them out into the light so that people can see them. Alternate translation: “bring them out into the light” or “uncover them” or “show and tell people how wrong these actions are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 5 12 CD23writing-pronouns αὐτῶν 1 them **them** here refers to the **sons of disobedience** mentioned in 5:6 and also referred to as **them** in 5:7. If it is unclear who **them** refers to in either place, then use “those who disobey God” or a similar phrase.
EPH 5 12 cd23 writing-pronouns αὐτῶν 1 them **them** here refers to the **sons of disobedience** mentioned in 5:6 and also referred to as **them** in 5:7. If it is unclear who **them** refers to in either place, then use “those who disobey God” or a similar phrase.
EPH 5 13 sp1z 0 General Information: It is unknown if this quotation is a combination of quotations from the prophet Isaiah or a quotation from a hymn sung by the believers.
EPH 5 13 abdy grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 But The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. Hiding the shameful works of darkness now is in contrast to the light exposing them later. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 5 13 vqi7 figs-metaphor πᾶν…τὸ φανερούμενον φῶς ἐστιν 1 anything that becomes visible is light Paul makes this general statement in order to imply that God’s Word shows people’s actions to be good or bad. The Bible often speaks of God’s truth as if it were light that could reveal the character of something. Alternate Translation: “if you compare everything to what God says, you can know if it is good or bad” See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ EPH 5 14 ma8w figs-you ἐπιφαύσει σοι 1 shine on you Here **you** re
EPH 5 14 ym6b figs-metaphor ἐπιφαύσει σοι ὁ Χριστός 1 Christ will shine on you Christ will enable an unbeliever to understand how evil his deeds are and how Christ will forgive him and give him new life, just as light shows what actually is there that the darkness had hid. This aso applies to anything that a believer has not yet recognized as sinful. Alternate Translation: “Christ will show you what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 5 15 du5n βλέπετε…ἀκριβῶς πῶς περιπατεῖτε, μὴ ὡς ἄσοφοι, ἀλλ’ ὡς σοφοί 1 Watch carefully, therefore, how you walk—not as unwise but as wise Unwise people do not guard themselves against sin. Wise people, however, can identify sin and flee from it. Alternate translation: “Therefore you must be careful to live as a wise person rather than a foolish person”
EPH 5 15 abe0 grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 therefore The connecting word **therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that Christ has shown the light on him. The result is that the sinner will walk carefully in the light. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 5 15 abe1 grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 but The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. Being unwise is in contrast to being wise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 5 15 abe1 grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλ’ 1 but The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. Being unwise is in contrast to being wise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 5 15 abe2 figs-ellipsis ὡς σοφοί 1 as wise The verb “walk” is left out. It can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “walk as wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
EPH 5 16 h8b1 figs-metaphor ἐξαγοραζόμενοι τὸν καιρόν 1 redeeming the time Using time wisely is spoken of as if it were redeeming the time. Alternate translation: “doing the best things you can with your time” or “using time wisely” or “putting time to its best use” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 5 16 lrb6 figs-metonymy ὅτι αἱ ἡμέραι πονηραί εἰσιν 1 because the days are evil The word **days** is a metonym for what people do during those days. Alternate translation: “because the people around you are constantly doing all kinds of evil things and the opportunities that you have to do good may become few” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ EPH 5 17 abe4 grammar-connect-logic-result διὰ τοῦτο 1 Therefore The c
EPH 5 17 abe5 grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ 1 but The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. Being foolish is in contrast to understanding God’s will. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 5 18 tz9e 0 Connecting Statement: Paul ends his instructions on how all believers should live.
EPH 5 18 scp1 καὶ μὴ μεθύσκεσθε οἴνῳ 1 And do not get drunk with wine “You should not get drunk from drinking wine”
EPH 5 18 cd33 figs-abstractnouns ἐν ᾧ ἐστιν ἀσωτία in which is recklessness **recklessness** is an abstract noun. Alternate Translation: “which leads to reckless behavior” or “because that will ruin you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 5 18 cd33 figs-abstractnouns ἐν ᾧ ἐστιν ἀσωτία 1 in which is recklessness **recklessness** is an abstract noun. Alternate Translation: “which leads to reckless behavior” or “because that will ruin you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EPH 5 18 lgw3 ἀλλὰ πληροῦσθε ἐν Πνεύματι 1 Instead, be filled with the Spirit “Instead, you should be controlled by the Holy Spirit”
EPH 5 18 abe6 grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ 1 Instead The connecting word **Instead** introduces a contrast relationship. Being drunk is in contrast to being filled with the Spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
EPH 5 19 egk6 figs-merism ψαλμοῖς, καὶ ὕμνοις, καὶ ᾠδαῖς πνευματικαῖς 1 psalms, and hymns, and spiritual songs Possible meanings are that (1) Paul is using these words as a merism for “all sorts of songs to praise God” or (2) Paul is listing specific forms of music. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ EPH 6 12 abel grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ 1 but The connecting wor
EPH 6 12 ftu4 figs-explicit πρὸς τοὺς κοσμοκράτορας 1 against the world-controllers Here it is implied that **the world-controllers** refers to powerful spiritual beings. Alternate translation: “against the powerful spiritual beings that rule over people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EPH 6 12 abcn figs-explicit τοῦ σκότους τούτου 1 this darkness Here **darkness** is a metaphor for things that are evil. Alternate translation: “during this present evil time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 6 13 jrn9 figs-metaphor διὰ τοῦτο, ἀναλάβετε τὴν πανοπλίαν τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Therefore, put on the whole armor of God Christians should use the protective resources God gives them in fighting the devil in the same way that a soldier puts on armor to protect himself against his enemies. See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 6 13 abem grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces the result of a reason-result relationship. The reason is that we are in a battle against evil spiritual forces. The result is that we should put on the whole armor of God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 6 13 abem grammar-connect-logic-result διὰ τοῦτο 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces the result of a reason-result relationship. The reason is that we are in a battle against evil spiritual forces. The result is that we should put on the whole armor of God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
EPH 6 13 cy9h figs-metaphor ἵνα δυνηθῆτε ἀντιστῆναι ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ πονηρᾷ 1 so that you may be able to withstand in the evil day The word **withstand** means to successfully resist something. Alternate translation: “so that you may be able to resist when evil attacks you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EPH 6 13 ab9h figs-explicit ἵνα δυνηθῆτε ἀντιστῆναι 1 so that you may be able to withstand It may be helpful to state explicitly what beleivers are to withstand. Alternate translation: “so that you may be able to withstand the attacks of the devil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EPH 6 13 aben grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 so that The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a goal relationship. The goal or purpose of putting on the whole armor of God is to be able to withstand the attacks of the spiritual forces of darkness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])

1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
73 EPH 1 22 pm4t bita-hq κεφαλὴν ὑπὲρ πάντα 1 head over all things Here **head** is a metaphor that refers to the leader or the one who is in charge. Alternate translation: “ruler over all things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
74 EPH 1 23 ge2c bita-hq τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ 1 his body Just as the head (verse 22) rules all things pertaining to a human body, so Christ is the head of the church body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
75 EPH 1 23 w2kh τὸ πλήρωμα τοῦ τὰ πάντα ἐν πᾶσιν πληρουμένου 1 the fullness of the one who fills all in all “Christ fills the church with his life and power just as he gives life to all things”
76 EPH 1 23 12kh x2kh τὸ πλήρωμα 1 the fullness This could have either 1) a passive sense, which would mean that Christ fills or completes the church, or 2) an active sense, which would mean that the church completes Christ (as a body completes a head).
77 EPH 2 intro e7qn 0 # Ephesians 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter focuses on the life that a Christian had before coming to believe in Jesus. Paul then uses this information to explain how a person’s former way of living is distinct from a Christian’s new identity “in Christ.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### One body<br>Paul teaches about the church in this chapter. The church is made of two different groups of people (Jews and Gentiles). They are now one group or “body.” The church is also known as the body of Christ. Jews and Gentiles are united in Christ.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### “Dead in trespasses and sins”<br>Paul teaches that those who are not Christians are “dead” in their sin. Sin binds or enslaves them. This makes them spiritually “dead.” Paul writes that God makes Christians alive in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/death]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Descriptions of worldly living<br>Paul uses many different ways to describe how non-Christians act. They “lived according to the ways of this world” and are “living according to the ruler of the authorities of the air,” “fulfilling the evil desires of our sinful nature,” and “carrying out the desires of the body and of the mind.”<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “It is the gift of God”<br>Some scholars believe “it” here refers to being saved. Other scholars believe that it is faith that is the gift of God. Because of how the Greek tenses agree, “it” here probably refers to both things: the gift is that we are saved by God’s grace through faith.<br><br>### Flesh<br><br> “Flesh” is sometimes used as a metaphor for a person’s sinful nature. The phrase “Gentiles in the flesh” indicates the Ephesians once lived without any concern for God. But “lesh” is also used n this verse to refer to the physia person, similar to “body “part of man. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]])
78 EPH 2 1 xf5s 0 Connecting Statement: Paul reminds the believers of their past and the way they now are before God.
79 EPH 2 1 dxx8 figs-metaphor ὑμᾶς ὄντας νεκροὺς τοῖς παραπτώμασιν καὶ ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις ὑμῶν 1 you were dead in your trespasses and sins This shows how sinful people are unable to obey God similar to the way that a dead person is unable to respond physically. Alternate translation: “you were spiritually dead, unable to do anything but sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
104 EPH 2 8 r8u8 τοῦτο 1 this The word **this** refers back to **by grace you have been saved by faith**.
105 EPH 2 9 al4s οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων, ἵνα μή τις καυχήσηται 1 not from works, so that no one may boast You may want to start a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “Salvation does not come from works, so that no one may boast” or “God does not save a person because of what that person does, so no one can boast and say that he earned his salvation”
106 EPH 2 9 abcr grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 so that The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a goal relationship. The goal or purpose of God of saving believers by grace instead of by their works is that no person might boast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
107 EPH 2 10 abcs grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ γάρ 1 For The connecting word **For** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that God is the one who created us to do any good works that we do. The result is that people cannot boast. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
108 EPH 2 10 fa4l ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 in Christ Jesus **In Christ Jesus** and similar expressions are metaphors that frequently occur in the New Testament letters. They express the strongest kind of relationship possible between Christ and those who believe in him.
109 EPH 2 10 abd0 grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 so that The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a goal relationship. The goal or purpose of God creating us as he did is that we would do the good works that he intended for us to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
110 EPH 2 10 lws4 figs-metaphor ἐν αὐτοῖς περιπατήσωμεν 1 we would walk in them Walking on a path is a metaphor for how a person lives his life. Here **in them** refers to the **good works**. Alternate translation: “we would always and continually do those good deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
121 EPH 2 13 abcw grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 But The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. The current condition of the Gentile Ephesian believers, after they believed in Christ, is near to God. That is in contrast to their previous condition, before they believed in Christ, of being separated from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. The current condition of the Gentile Ephesian believers, after they believed in Christ, is near to God. That is in contrast to their previous condition, before they believed in Christ, of being separated from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
122 EPH 2 13 uf8m figs-metaphor ὑμεῖς οἵ ποτε ὄντες μακρὰν, ἐγενήθητε ἐγγὺς ἐν τῷ αἵματι τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 you who once were far away have been brought near by the blood of Christ Not belonging to God due to sin is spoken of as being far away from God. Belonging to God because of the blood of Christ is spoken of as being brought near to God. Alternate translation: “you who once did not belong to God now belong to God because of the blood of Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
123 EPH 2 13 tth1 figs-metonymy ἐν τῷ αἵματι τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 by the blood of Christ The blood of Christ is a metonym for his death. Alternate translation: “by Christ’s death” or “when Christ died for us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
124 EPH 2 14 abcv grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ γάρ 1 For The connecting word **For** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that Christ himself joined them to the Jewish believers. The result is that the Gentile Ephesian believers were brought near to God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) The connecting word **For** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that Christ himself joined them to the Jewish believers. The result is that the Gentile Ephesian believers were brought near to God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
125 EPH 2 14 ue4u αὐτὸς…ἐστιν ἡ εἰρήνη ἡμῶν 1 he himself is our peace “Jesus gives us his peace”
126 EPH 2 14 ccy8 figs-inclusive ἡ εἰρήνη ἡμῶν 1 our peace The word **our** refers to Paul and his readers and so is inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
127 EPH 2 14 t9zn ὁ ποιήσας τὰ ἀμφότερα ἓν 1 who has made the two one “who made the Jews and Gentiles one”
197 EPH 3 18 abd8 grammar-connect-logic-result ἵνα 1 so that The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that Christ would live in their hearts. The result is that the Ephesian believers would fully know the love of God and be filled with God’s fullness. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
198 EPH 3 18 bkk6 καταλαβέσθαι 1 so you can understand This is the third item for which Paul bends his knees and prays; the first is that God will grant that they be strengthened ([Ephesians 3:16](../03/16.md)) and the second is that Christ may live in their hearts through faith ([Ephesians 3:17](../03/17.md)). This is the third item for which Paul bends his knees and prays; the first is that God will grant that they be strengthened ([Ephesians 3:16](../03/16.md)) and the second is that Christ may live in their hearts through faith ([Ephesians 3:17](../03/17.md)).
199 EPH 3 18 uu6l πᾶσιν τοῖς ἁγίοις 1 all the saints “all the believers in Christ”
200 EPH 3 18 ef4t ef4s figs-metaphor τὸ πλάτος, καὶ μῆκος, καὶ ὕψος, καὶ βάθος 1 the width and length and height and depth In this metaphor Paul pictures something that is not physical or measurable as something that is physical but stretches out in all directions, and thus is very large. Possible meanings are: (1) these word describe the intensity of Christ’s love for us. Alternate translation: “how very much Christ loves us” or (2) these words describe the greatness of God’s wisdom. Alternate translation: “how very wise God is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) In this metaphor Paul pictures something that is not physical or measurable as something that is physical but stretches out in all directions, and thus is very large. Possible meanings are: (1) these word describe the intensity of Christ’s love for us. Alternate translation: “how very much Christ loves us” or (2) these words describe the greatness of God’s wisdom. Alternate translation: “how very wise God is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
201 EPH 3 18 ef4t figs-explicit τὸ πλάτος, καὶ μῆκος, καὶ ὕψος, καὶ βάθος 1 the width and length and height and depth It may be necessary to state explicitly what these words refer to. If so, you can combine this with the phrase from the next verse and say: “the width and length and height and depth of, and truly know, the love of Christ” or “the width and length and height and depth of the love of Christ, and truly know it”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) It may be necessary to state explicitly what these words refer to. If so, you can combine this with the phrase from the next verse and say: “the width and length and height and depth of, and truly know, the love of Christ” or “the width and length and height and depth of the love of Christ, and truly know it”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
202 EPH 3 19 rev9 γνῶναί…ἀγάπην τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 to know the love of Christ This continues the idea from the previous verse. They both refer to knowing the greatness of the love of Christ. Alternate translation: “that you can know how great Christ’s love for us is”
203 EPH 3 19 px4z ἵνα πληρωθῆτε εἰς πᾶν τὸ πλήρωμα τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 so that you may be filled with all the fullness of God This is the fourth item for which Paul bends his knees and prays ([Ephesians 3:14](../03/14.md)). The first is that they would **be strengthened** ([Ephesians 3:16](../03/16.md)), the second is that **Christ would live in their hearts through faith** ([Ephesians 3:17](../03/17.md)), and the third is that they **can comprehend Christ’s love** ([Ephesians 3:18](../03/18.md)).
209 EPH 3 20 m7gi 0 Connecting Statement: Paul concludes his prayer with a blessing.
210 EPH 3 20 zxj3 τῷ δὲ 1 Now to him who “Now to God, who”
211 EPH 3 20 zxt3 ποιῆσαι ὑπέρ ἐκ περισσοῦ ὧν αἰτούμεθα ἢ νοοῦμεν 1 to do exceedingly abundantly above all that we ask or think “to do much more than all that we ask or think” or “to do things that are much greater than anything that we ask him for or think about”
212 EPH 3 21 AB11 ab11 figs-abstractnouns αὐτῷ ἡ δόξα ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ 1 to him be glory in the church **glory** is an abstract noun. Alternate Translation: “May God’s people glorify him” or “May God’s people praise him for how great he is” See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
213 EPH 4 intro ang8 0 # Ephesians 04 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verse 8, which is quoted from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Spiritual gifts<br>Spiritual gifts are specific supernatural abilities that the Holy Spirit gives to Christians after they come to believe in Jesus. These spiritual gifts were foundational to developing the church. Paul lists here only some of the spiritual gifts. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>### Unity<br>Paul considers it very important that the church is united. This is a major theme of this chapter.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Old man and new man<br>The term “old man” probably refers to the sinful nature with which a person is born. The “new man” is the new nature or new life that God gives a person after they come to believe in Christ.
214 EPH 4 1 sb64 0 Connecting Statement: Because of what Paul has been writing to the Ephesians, he tells them how they should live their lives as believers and again emphasizes that believers are to agree with each other.
215 EPH 4 1 abda grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that God will be glorified in the church for all generations. The result is that believers should walk in a way that is worthy of the Lord. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that God will be glorified in the church for all generations. The result is that believers should walk in a way that is worthy of the Lord. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
242 EPH 4 13 w1ik καταντήσωμεν…εἰς τὴν ἑνότητα τῆς πίστεως, καὶ τῆς ἐπιγνώσεως τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 reach to the unity of the faith and the knowledge of the Son of God The believers need to know Jesus as the Son of God if they are to be united in faith and mature as believers.
243 EPH 4 13 er6a figs-abstractnouns καταντήσωμεν…εἰς τὴν ἑνότητα τῆς πίστεως 1 reach to the unity of the faith **unity** is an abstract noun. Alternate Translation: “become equally strong in faith” or “become united together in faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
244 EPH 4 13 ab6a figs-abstractnouns καταντήσωμεν…εἰς τὴν ἑνότητα τῆς πίστεως 1 reach to the unity of the faith **faith** is an abstract noun. Alternate Translation: “become united together as believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
245 EPH 4 13 cd6a figs-abstractnouns καὶ εἰς τῆς ἐπιγνώσεως τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ τῆς ἐπιγνώσεως τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 and the knowledge of the Son of God **knowledge** is an abstract noun. Alternate Translation: “and all know well the Son of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
246 EPH 4 13 x7k3 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the Son of God This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
247 EPH 4 13 m3rt εἰς ἄνδρα τέλειον 1 to a mature man “a mature believer”
248 EPH 4 13 gv6m τέλειον 1 mature “fully developed” or “grown up” or “complete”
251 EPH 4 14 ndj2 figs-metaphor κλυδωνιζόμενοι καὶ περιφερόμενοι παντὶ ἀνέμῳ τῆς διδασκαλίας 1 tossed back and forth…carried away by every wind of teaching Paul speaks of a believer who has not become mature and follows various wrong teachings as if that believer were a boat and the teachings were the wind and waves that move the boat in different directions on the water. See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
252 EPH 4 14 r3bj figs-abstractnouns ἐν τῇ κυβίᾳ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ἐν πανουργίᾳ πρὸς τὴν μεθοδίαν τῆς πλάνης 1 through the trickery of people in cleverness for deceitful scheming **trickery**, **cleverness**, and **scheming** are abstract nouns. Alternate Translation: “by crafty people who trick believers with clever lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) **trickery**, **cleverness**, and **scheming** are abstract nouns. Alternate Translation: “by crafty people who trick believers with clever lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
253 EPH 4 15 abdd grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 Instead The connecting word **Instead** introduces a contrast relationship. Following every changing teaching is in contrast to becoming mature in Christ and building up his body. Use a word in your language that indicates contrast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
254 EPH 4 15 AB88 ab88 figs-abstractnouns ἀληθεύοντες 1 speaking the truth **truth** is an abstract noun. Alternate Translation: “speaking truthfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) **truth** is an abstract noun. Alternate Translation: “speaking truthfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
255 EPH 4 15 i2ff figs-abstractnouns ἐν ἀγάπῃ 1 in love **love** is an abstract noun. Alternate Translation: “as the members love one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) **love** is an abstract noun. Alternate Translation: “as the members love one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
256 EPH 4 15 zw32 bita-hq εἰς αὐτὸν…ὅς ἐστιν ἡ κεφαλή 1 into him who is the head Paul uses a metaphor of the human body to describe how Christ causes believers to work together in harmony as the head of a body causes the body parts to work together to grow in a healthy way. See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
257 EPH 4 16 ll7f bita-hq ἐξ οὗ πᾶν τὸ σῶμα…τὴν αὔξησιν τοῦ σώματος ποιεῖται 1 from whom the whole body…causes the growth of the body Paul continues the metaphor of the believers as a human body with Christ as the head to describe how Christ causes believers to work together in harmony as the head of a body causes the body parts to work together to grow in a healthy way. See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
286 EPH 4 24 abc7 figs-metaphor ἐνδύσασθαι τὸν καινὸν ἄνθρωπον 1 to put on the new man Paul continues to speak of a way of living as if it were a person, and also as if it were clothing, so that one could **put on** the new person like a robe. Alternate Translation: “be the new person” or “start living in the new way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
287 EPH 4 25 abdi grammar-connect-logic-result διὸ 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that God has created the believers as new, holy people. The result is that they would stop acting immorally like they used to live. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that God has created the believers as new, holy people. The result is that they would stop acting immorally like they used to live. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
288 EPH 4 25 abn8 ἀποθέμενοι τὸ ψεῦδος 1 putting aside lying Paul speaks of telling lies as if they were objects that the believers could set aside. Alternate translation: “no longer telling lies” or “instead of telling lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Paul speaks of telling lies as if they were objects that the believers could set aside. Alternate translation: “no longer telling lies” or “instead of telling lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
289 EPH 4 25 AB23 ab23 figs-abstractnouns λαλεῖτε ἀλήθειαν 1 speak truth **truth** is an abstract noun. Alternate Translation: “speak truthfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) **truth** is an abstract noun. Alternate Translation: “speak truthfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
290 EPH 4 25 abdj grammar-connect-logic-result ὅτι 1 because The connecting word **because** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that believers are members of the same body of Christ. The result is that believers should speak the truth to each other. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) The connecting word **because** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that believers are members of the same body of Christ. The result is that believers should speak the truth to each other. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
291 EPH 4 25 zh2g bita-hq ἐσμὲν ἀλλήλων μέλη 1 we are members of one another Here Paul speaks of the close union of believers with each other as if they were each part of one single body. Alternate translation: “we belong to one another” or “we are all members of God’s family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
292 EPH 4 26 w8rw ὀργίζεσθε, καὶ μὴ ἁμαρτάνετε 1 Be angry and do not sin “You may get angry, but do not sin” or “If you become angry, do not sin”
329 EPH 5 6 ab73 figs-idiom τοὺς υἱοὺς τῆς ἀπειθείας 1 the sons of disobedience This is an idiom that means, “people who habitually disobey” or “people who are characterized by disobedience” Alternate Translation: “those who disobey God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
330 EPH 5 7 abdt grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that God will judge those people in his wrath. The result is that the Ephesian believers should not become partners with evil men. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) The connecting word **Therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that God will judge those people in his wrath. The result is that the Ephesian believers should not become partners with evil men. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
331 EPH 5 8 wy9d figs-metaphor ἦτε γάρ ποτε σκότος 1 because formerly you were darkness Just as one cannot see in the dark, so people who love to sin cannot see or understand the things of God. Alternate Translation: “because formerly you did not understand anything about God” See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
332 EPH 5 8 abdw grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ γάρ 1 because The connecting word **because** introduces a reason-result relationship. The result is stated first (v.7): that the Ephesian believers should not become partners with evil men. The reason is stated second (v. 8): that the Ephesian believers are no longer darkness, but are now light. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result, in the order that is most natural for your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) The connecting word **because** introduces a reason-result relationship. The result is stated first (v.7): that the Ephesian believers should not become partners with evil men. The reason is stated second (v. 8): that the Ephesian believers are no longer darkness, but are now light. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result, in the order that is most natural for your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
333 EPH 5 8 iw4q figs-metaphor νῦν δὲ φῶς ἐν Κυρίῳ 1 but now are light in the Lord Just as one can see in the light, so people whom God has saved understand how to please God. Alternate Translation: “but now you know God and can live for him” See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
334 EPH 5 8 abdu grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 but The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. The fact that the Ephesian believers were formerly darkness is in contrast to the fact that they are now light. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
335 EPH 5 8 l6ki figs-metaphor ὡς τέκνα φωτὸς περιπατεῖτε 1 Walk as children of light Walking on a path is a metaphor for how a person lives his life. Alternate translation: “Live as people who understand what the Lord wants them to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
341 EPH 5 11 abc8 figs-metaphor τοῖς ἔργοις τοῖς ἀκάρποις τοῦ σκότους 1 the unfruitful works of darkness The word **darkness** is often used to represent sin. In this instance, these works result from sinful motives. Alternate translation: “deeds that are worthless because they were done from sinful motives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
342 EPH 5 11 abdx grammar-connect-logic-contrast μᾶλλον δὲ 1 but rather The connecting phrase **but rather** introduces contrast relationship. Participating in the works of darkness is in contrast to exposing them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
343 EPH 5 11 hpl2 figs-metaphor ἐλέγχετε 1 expose them Speaking against the works of darkness is spoken of as bringing them out into the light so that people can see them. Alternate translation: “bring them out into the light” or “uncover them” or “show and tell people how wrong these actions are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
344 EPH 5 12 CD23writing-pronouns cd23 writing-pronouns αὐτῶν 1 them **them** here refers to the **sons of disobedience** mentioned in 5:6 and also referred to as **them** in 5:7. If it is unclear who **them** refers to in either place, then use “those who disobey God” or a similar phrase.
345 EPH 5 13 sp1z 0 General Information: It is unknown if this quotation is a combination of quotations from the prophet Isaiah or a quotation from a hymn sung by the believers.
346 EPH 5 13 abdy grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 But The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. Hiding the shameful works of darkness now is in contrast to the light exposing them later. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast relationship. Hiding the shameful works of darkness now is in contrast to the light exposing them later. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
347 EPH 5 13 vqi7 figs-metaphor πᾶν…τὸ φανερούμενον φῶς ἐστιν 1 anything that becomes visible is light Paul makes this general statement in order to imply that God’s Word shows people’s actions to be good or bad. The Bible often speaks of God’s truth as if it were light that could reveal the character of something. Alternate Translation: “if you compare everything to what God says, you can know if it is good or bad” See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
353 EPH 5 14 ym6b figs-metaphor ἐπιφαύσει σοι ὁ Χριστός 1 Christ will shine on you Christ will enable an unbeliever to understand how evil his deeds are and how Christ will forgive him and give him new life, just as light shows what actually is there that the darkness had hid. This aso applies to anything that a believer has not yet recognized as sinful. Alternate Translation: “Christ will show you what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
354 EPH 5 15 du5n βλέπετε…ἀκριβῶς πῶς περιπατεῖτε, μὴ ὡς ἄσοφοι, ἀλλ’ ὡς σοφοί 1 Watch carefully, therefore, how you walk—not as unwise but as wise Unwise people do not guard themselves against sin. Wise people, however, can identify sin and flee from it. Alternate translation: “Therefore you must be careful to live as a wise person rather than a foolish person” Unwise people do not guard themselves against sin. Wise people, however, can identify sin and flee from it. Alternate translation: “Therefore you must be careful to live as a wise person rather than a foolish person”
355 EPH 5 15 abe0 grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν 1 therefore The connecting word **therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that Christ has shown the light on him. The result is that the sinner will walk carefully in the light. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) The connecting word **therefore** introduces a reason-result relationship. The reason is that Christ has shown the light on him. The result is that the sinner will walk carefully in the light. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
356 EPH 5 15 abe1 grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ ἀλλ’ 1 but The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. Being unwise is in contrast to being wise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. Being unwise is in contrast to being wise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
357 EPH 5 15 abe2 figs-ellipsis ὡς σοφοί 1 as wise The verb “walk” is left out. It can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “walk as wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) The verb “walk” is left out. It can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “walk as wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
358 EPH 5 16 h8b1 figs-metaphor ἐξαγοραζόμενοι τὸν καιρόν 1 redeeming the time Using time wisely is spoken of as if it were redeeming the time. Alternate translation: “doing the best things you can with your time” or “using time wisely” or “putting time to its best use” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
359 EPH 5 16 lrb6 figs-metonymy ὅτι αἱ ἡμέραι πονηραί εἰσιν 1 because the days are evil The word **days** is a metonym for what people do during those days. Alternate translation: “because the people around you are constantly doing all kinds of evil things and the opportunities that you have to do good may become few” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
362 EPH 5 17 abe5 grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ 1 but The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. Being foolish is in contrast to understanding God’s will. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast relationship. Being foolish is in contrast to understanding God’s will. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
363 EPH 5 18 tz9e 0 Connecting Statement: Paul ends his instructions on how all believers should live.
364 EPH 5 18 scp1 καὶ μὴ μεθύσκεσθε οἴνῳ 1 And do not get drunk with wine “You should not get drunk from drinking wine”
365 EPH 5 18 cd33 figs-abstractnouns ἐν ᾧ ἐστιν ἀσωτία 1 in which is recklessness **recklessness** is an abstract noun. Alternate Translation: “which leads to reckless behavior” or “because that will ruin you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
366 EPH 5 18 lgw3 ἀλλὰ πληροῦσθε ἐν Πνεύματι 1 Instead, be filled with the Spirit “Instead, you should be controlled by the Holy Spirit”
367 EPH 5 18 abe6 grammar-connect-logic-contrast ἀλλὰ 1 Instead The connecting word **Instead** introduces a contrast relationship. Being drunk is in contrast to being filled with the Spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) The connecting word **Instead** introduces a contrast relationship. Being drunk is in contrast to being filled with the Spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
368 EPH 5 19 egk6 figs-merism ψαλμοῖς, καὶ ὕμνοις, καὶ ᾠδαῖς πνευματικαῖς 1 psalms, and hymns, and spiritual songs Possible meanings are that (1) Paul is using these words as a merism for “all sorts of songs to praise God” or (2) Paul is listing specific forms of music. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
427 EPH 6 12 ftu4 figs-explicit πρὸς τοὺς κοσμοκράτορας 1 against the world-controllers Here it is implied that **the world-controllers** refers to powerful spiritual beings. Alternate translation: “against the powerful spiritual beings that rule over people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
428 EPH 6 12 abcn figs-explicit τοῦ σκότους τούτου 1 this darkness Here **darkness** is a metaphor for things that are evil. Alternate translation: “during this present evil time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
429 EPH 6 13 jrn9 figs-metaphor διὰ τοῦτο, ἀναλάβετε τὴν πανοπλίαν τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Therefore, put on the whole armor of God Christians should use the protective resources God gives them in fighting the devil in the same way that a soldier puts on armor to protect himself against his enemies. See the UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
430 EPH 6 13 abem grammar-connect-logic-result οὖν διὰ τοῦτο 1 Therefore The connecting word **Therefore** introduces the result of a reason-result relationship. The reason is that we are in a battle against evil spiritual forces. The result is that we should put on the whole armor of God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) The connecting word **Therefore** introduces the result of a reason-result relationship. The reason is that we are in a battle against evil spiritual forces. The result is that we should put on the whole armor of God. Use a phrase in your language that connects a reason to a result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
431 EPH 6 13 cy9h figs-metaphor ἵνα δυνηθῆτε ἀντιστῆναι ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ πονηρᾷ 1 so that you may be able to withstand in the evil day The word **withstand** means to successfully resist something. Alternate translation: “so that you may be able to resist when evil attacks you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
432 EPH 6 13 ab9h figs-explicit ἵνα δυνηθῆτε ἀντιστῆναι 1 so that you may be able to withstand It may be helpful to state explicitly what beleivers are to withstand. Alternate translation: “so that you may be able to withstand the attacks of the devil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
433 EPH 6 13 aben grammar-connect-logic-goal ἵνα 1 so that The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a goal relationship. The goal or purpose of putting on the whole armor of God is to be able to withstand the attacks of the spiritual forces of darkness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]]) The connecting phrase **so that** introduces a goal relationship. The goal or purpose of putting on the whole armor of God is to be able to withstand the attacks of the spiritual forces of darkness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])