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Update GLQuotes and AT's in Jude (#1873) 

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Co-authored-by: lrsallee <lrsallee@noreply.door43.org>
Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/1873
Co-Authored-By: Larry Sallee <lrsallee@noreply.door43.org>
Co-Committed-By: Larry Sallee <lrsallee@noreply.door43.org>
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Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
JUD front intro xh5n 0 # Introduction to Jude<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of Jude<br><br>1. Introduction (1:1-2)<br>1. Warning against false teachers (1:3-4)<br>1. Old Testament examples (1:5-16)<br>1. Proper response (1:17-23)<br>1. Praises to God (1:24-25)<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Jude?<br><br>The author identified himself as Jude the brother of James. Both Jude and James were half-brothers of Jesus. It is unknown whether this letter was intended for a specific church.<br><br>### What is the Book of Jude about?<br><br>Jude wrote this letter to warn believers against false teachers. Jude often referred to the Old Testament. This may suggest that Jude was writing to a Jewish Christian audience. This letter and 2 Petter have similar content. They both speak about angels, Sodom and Gomorrah, and false teachers.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, “Jude.” Or they may choose a clearer title, such as “The Letter from Jude” or “The Letter Jude Wrote.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### Who were the people Jude spoke against?<br><br>It is possible that the people Jude spoke against were those who would become known as Gnostics. These teachers distorted the teachings of scripture for their own gain. They lived in immoral ways and taught others to do the same.
JUD front intro xh5n 0 # Introduction to Jude<br><br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of Jude<br><br>1. Introduction (1:1-2)<br>2. Warning against false teachers (1:3-4)<br>3. Old Testament examples (1:5-16)<br>4. Proper response (1:17-23)<br>5. Praises to God (1:24-25)<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Jude?<br><br>The author identified himself as Jude the brother of James. Both Jude and James were half-brothers of Jesus. It is unknown whether this letter was intended for a specific church.<br><br>### What is the Book of Jude about?<br><br>Jude wrote this letter to warn believers against false teachers. Jude often referred to the Old Testament. This may suggest that Jude was writing to a Jewish Christian audience. This letter and 2 Petter have similar content. They both speak about angels, Sodom and Gomorrah, and false teachers.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, “Jude.” Or they may choose a clearer title, such as “The Letter from Jude” or “The Letter Jude Wrote.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### Who were the people Jude spoke against?<br><br>It is possible that the people Jude spoke against were those who would become known as Gnostics. These teachers distorted the teachings of scripture for their own gain. They lived in immoral ways and taught others to do the same.
JUD 1 1 ek3q figs-you 0 General Information: Jude identifies himself as the writer of this letter and greets his readers. He was probably the half-brother of Jesus. There are two other Judes mentioned in the New Testament. The word “you” in this letter refers to the Christians to whom Jude was writing and is always plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JUD 1 1 npc3 translate-names Ἰούδας 1 Jude Jude is the brother of James. Alternate translation: “I am Jude” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JUD 1 1 m3v1 ἀδελφὸς…Ἰακώβου 1 brother of James **James** and Jude were half brothers of Jesus. Joseph as their physical father, but he was not the physical father or Jesus.
@ -43,30 +43,33 @@ JUD 1 12 t28p figs-metaphor ἐκριζωθέντα 1 having been torn up by the
JUD 1 13 e4rm figs-metaphor κύματα ἄγρια θαλάσσης 1 violent waves of the sea As the **waves of the sea** are blown by a strong wind, so the ungodly people are easily moved in many directions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JUD 1 13 fgr9 figs-metaphor ἐπαφρίζοντα τὰς ἑαυτῶν αἰσχύνας 1 foaming out their own shameful deeds As wind causes wild waves to stir up dirty foam—so these men, through their false teaching and actions, shame themselves. Alternate translation: “and just as waves bring up foam and dirt, these men pollute others with their shame” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JUD 1 13 r6rj figs-metaphor ἀστέρες πλανῆται 1 wandering stars Those who studied the **stars** in ancient times noticed that what we call planets do not move the way that stars do. Alternate translation: “like moving stars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JUD 1 13 djm4 figs-metonymy οἷς ὁ ζόφος τοῦ σκότους εἰς αἰῶνα τετήρηται 1 for whom the gloom of thick darkness has been reserved forever Here **darkness** is a metonym that represents the place of the dead or hell. Here “thick darkness” is an idiom that means “very dark.” The phrase “has been reserved” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and God will put them in the gloom and darkness of hell forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JUD 1 14 e5wv ἕβδομος ἀπὸ Ἀδὰμ 1 the seventh from Adam If Adam is counted as the first generation of mankind, Enoch is the seventh. If Adam’s son is counted as the first, Enoch is sixth in line.
JUD 1 14 lu2y ἰδοὺ 1 Look “Listen” or “Pay attention to this important thing I am going to say”
JUD 1 13 djm4 figs-activepassive οἷς ὁ ζόφος τοῦ σκότους εἰς αἰῶνα τετήρηται 1 for whom the gloom of thick darkness has been reserved forever The phrase **has been reserved** can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and God will put them in the gloom and darkness forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JUD 1 13 oey6 figs-metonymy ὁ ζόφος τοῦ σκότους 1 the gloom of thick darkness Here **darkness** is a metonym that represents the place of the dead or hell. Alternate translation: “the gloom and darkness of hell” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JUD 1 13 bgza figs-idiom τοῦ σκότους 1 of thick darkness Here **thick darkness** is an idiom that means “very dark.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JUD 1 14 e5wv ἕβδομος ἀπὸ Ἀδὰμ 1 the seventh from Adam If **Adam** is counted as the first generation of mankind, Enoch is the seventh. If Adam’s son is counted as the first, Enoch is sixth in line.
JUD 1 14 lu2y ἰδοὺ 1 Behold “Listen” or “Pay attention to this important thing I am going to say”
JUD 1 15 bl4q ποιῆσαι κρίσιν κατὰ 1 to execute judgment on “to make judgment on” or “to judge”
JUD 1 16 zs28 γογγυσταί μεμψίμοιροι 1 grumblers, complainers People who do not want to obey and speak against godly authority. “Grumblers” tend to speak quietly, while “complainers” speak openly.
JUD 1 16 eaf2 λαλεῖ ὑπέρογκα 1 loud boasters People who praise themselves so that others can hear.
JUD 1 16 j8rh θαυμάζοντες πρόσωπα 1 flatter others “give false praise to others”
JUD 1 18 w1mx figs-metaphor κατὰ τὰς ἑαυτῶν ἐπιθυμίας πορευόμενοι τῶν ἀσεβειῶν 1 will follow their own ungodly desires These people are spoken of as if their desires were kings who ruled over them. Alternate translation: “are never able to stop dishonoring God by doing the evil things they wish to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JUD 1 18 j5m4 figs-metaphor κατὰ τὰς ἑαυτῶν ἐπιθυμίας πορευόμενοι τῶν ἀσεβειῶν 1 will follow their own ungodly desires Ungodly desires are spoken of as if they were a path that a person will follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JUD 1 19 r28j οὗτοί εἰσιν 1 It is these “It is these mockers” or “These mockers are the ones”
JUD 1 19 ba6u figs-metaphor ψυχικοί 1 are worldly think as other ungodly people think, they value the things that unbelievers value (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JUD 1 19 qn4p Πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες 1 they do not have the Spirit The Holy Spirit is spoken of as if he were something that people can possess. Alternate translation: “the Spirit is not within them”
JUD 1 16 zs28 γογγυσταί μεμψίμοιροι 1 grumblers, complainers People who do not want to obey and speak against godly authority. **Grumblers** tend to speak quietly, while **complainers** speak openly.
JUD 1 16 6uf0 figs-metonymy τὸ στόμα αὐτῶν λαλεῖ 1 their mouth speaks Here **mouth** represents the person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “they speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JUD 1 16 eaf2 λαλεῖ ὑπέρογκα 1 speaks boastful things These people praise themselves so that others can hear.
JUD 1 16 j8rh figs-metonymy θαυμάζοντες πρόσωπα 1 flattering faces Here **faces** refers to the people they are flattering. Alternate translation: “give false praise to others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JUD 1 18 w1mx figs-metaphor κατὰ τὰς ἑαυτῶν ἐπιθυμίας πορευόμενοι τῶν ἀσεβειῶν 1 going according to their own ungodly lusts These people are spoken of as if their desires were kings who ruled over them. Alternate translation: “are never able to stop dishonoring God by doing the evil things they wish to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JUD 1 18 j5m4 figs-metaphor κατὰ τὰς ἑαυτῶν ἐπιθυμίας πορευόμενοι τῶν ἀσεβειῶν 1 going according to their own ungodly lusts **Ungodly lusts** are spoken of as if they were a path that a person will follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JUD 1 19 r28j οὗτοί εἰσιν 1 These are “It is these mockers” or “These mockers are the ones”
JUD 1 19 ba6u figs-metaphor ψυχικοί 1 natural-minded These people think as other ungodly people think, they value the things that unbelievers value. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JUD 1 19 qn4p Πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες 1 not having the Spirit The Holy **Spirit** is spoken of as if he were something that people can possess. Alternate translation: “the Spirit is not within them”
JUD 1 20 e3ga 0 Connecting Statement: Jude tells the believers how they should live and how they should treat others.
JUD 1 20 xm93 ὑμεῖς δέ, ἀγαπητοί 1 But you, beloved “Do not be like them, beloved. Instead”
JUD 1 20 cc68 figs-metaphor ἐποικοδομοῦντες ἑαυτοὺς 1 build yourselves up Becoming increasingly able to trust in God and obey him is spoken of as if it were the process of constructing a building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JUD 1 21 zd2c figs-metaphor ἑαυτοὺς ἐν ἀγάπῃ Θεοῦ τηρήσατε 1 Keep yourselves in God’s love Remaining able to receive God’s love is spoken of as if one were keeping oneself in a certain place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JUD 1 21 s6w6 προσδεχόμενοι 1 wait for “eagerly look forward to”
JUD 1 21 p3bw figs-metonymy τὸ ἔλεος τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον 1 the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ that brings you eternal life Here “mercy” stands for Jesus Christ himself, who will show his mercy to the believers by making them live forever with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JUD 1 22 wbr5 οὓς…διακρινομένους 1 those who doubt “those who do not yet believe that Jesus is God”
JUD 1 23 wkj9 figs-metaphor ἐκ πυρὸς ἁρπάζοντες 1 snatching them out of the fire The picture is that of pulling people from a fire before they start to burn. Alternate translation: “doing for them whatever needs to be done to keep them from dying without Christ. This is like pulling them from the fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JUD 1 23 ign7 οὓς…ἐλεᾶτε ἐν φόβῳ 1 To others be merciful with fear “Be kind to others, but be afraid of sinning the way they did”
JUD 1 23 u4px figs-hyperbole μισοῦντες καὶ τὸν ἀπὸ τῆς σαρκὸς ἐσπιλωμένον χιτῶνα 1 Hate even the garment stained by the flesh Jude exaggerates to warn his readers that they can become like those sinners. Alternate translation: “Treat them as though you could become guilty of sin just by touching their clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JUD 1 20 cc68 figs-metaphor ἐποικοδομοῦντες ἑαυτοὺς 1 building yourselves up Becoming increasingly able to trust in God and obey him is spoken of as if it were the process of constructing a building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JUD 1 21 zd2c figs-metaphor ἑαυτοὺς ἐν ἀγάπῃ Θεοῦ τηρήσατε 1 keep yourselves in the love of God Remaining able to receive the **love of God** is spoken of as if one were keeping oneself in a certain place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JUD 1 21 s6w6 προσδεχόμενοι 1 waiting for “eagerly looking forward to”
JUD 1 21 p3bw figs-metonymy τὸ ἔλεος τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον 1 the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ to eternal life Here **mercy** stands for Jesus Christ himself, who will show his mercy to the believers by making them live forever with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JUD 1 22 wbr5 οὓς…διακρινομένους 1 those who are doubting “those who do not yet believe that Jesus is God”
JUD 1 23 wkj9 figs-metaphor ἐκ πυρὸς ἁρπάζοντες 1 snatching them out of the fire The picture is that of pulling people from a **fire** before they start to burn. Alternate translation: “doing for them whatever needs to be done to keep them from dying without Christ. This is like pulling them from the fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JUD 1 23 ign7 οὓς…ἐλεᾶτε ἐν φόβῳ 2 have mercy on others with fear “be kind to others, but be afraid of sinning the way they did”
JUD 1 23 u4px figs-hyperbole μισοῦντες καὶ τὸν ἀπὸ τῆς σαρκὸς ἐσπιλωμένον χιτῶνα 1 hating even the garment defiled by the flesh Jude exaggerates to warn his readers that they can become like those sinners. Alternate translation: “Treat them as though you could become guilty of sin just by touching their clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JUD 1 24 r3jx 0 Connecting Statement: Jude closes with a blessing.
JUD 1 24 w1dc figs-metaphor στῆσαι κατενώπιον τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ 1 to cause you to stand before his glorious presence His glory is brilliant light that represents his greatness. Alternate translation: “and to allow you to enjoy and worship his glory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JUD 1 24 gq9e figs-metaphor τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ ἀμώμους ἐν 1 glorious presence without blemish and with Here sin is spoken of as if it were dirt on one’s body or a flaw on one’s body. Alternate translation: “glorious presence, where you will be without sin and have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JUD 1 24 w1dc figs-metaphor στῆσαι κατενώπιον τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ 1 to cause you to stand before his glory His **glory** is brilliant light that represents his greatness. Alternate translation: “to allow you to enjoy and worship his glory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JUD 1 24 gq9e figs-metaphor τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ ἀμώμους ἐν 1 glorious presence without blemish and with Here sin is spoken of as if it were dirt on one’s body or a flaw on one’s body. Alternate translation: “his glorious presence, where you will be without sin and have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JUD 1 25 a3ua μόνῳ Θεῷ Σωτῆρι ἡμῶν, διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν 1 to the only God our Savior through Jesus Christ our Lord “to the only God, who saved us because of what Jesus Christ did.” This emphasizes that God the Father as well as the Son is the Savior.
JUD 1 25 kql5 δόξα, μεγαλωσύνη, κράτος, καὶ ἐξουσία, πρὸ παντὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος, καὶ νῦν, καὶ εἰς πάντας τοὺς αἰῶνας. ἀμήν 1 be glory, majesty, dominion, and power, before all time, now, and forevermore God has always had, now has, and always will have glory, absolute leadership, and complete control of all things.
JUD 1 25 kql5 δόξα, μεγαλωσύνη, κράτος, καὶ ἐξουσία, πρὸ παντὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος, καὶ νῦν, καὶ εἰς πάντας τοὺς αἰῶνας 1 be glory, majesty, dominion, and power, before all the age, both now and for all the ages God has always had, now has, and always will have glory, absolute leadership, and complete control of all things.
1 Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNote
2 JUD front intro xh5n 0 # Introduction to Jude<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of Jude<br><br>1. Introduction (1:1-2)<br>1. Warning against false teachers (1:3-4)<br>1. Old Testament examples (1:5-16)<br>1. Proper response (1:17-23)<br>1. Praises to God (1:24-25)<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Jude?<br><br>The author identified himself as Jude the brother of James. Both Jude and James were half-brothers of Jesus. It is unknown whether this letter was intended for a specific church.<br><br>### What is the Book of Jude about?<br><br>Jude wrote this letter to warn believers against false teachers. Jude often referred to the Old Testament. This may suggest that Jude was writing to a Jewish Christian audience. This letter and 2 Petter have similar content. They both speak about angels, Sodom and Gomorrah, and false teachers.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, “Jude.” Or they may choose a clearer title, such as “The Letter from Jude” or “The Letter Jude Wrote.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### Who were the people Jude spoke against?<br><br>It is possible that the people Jude spoke against were those who would become known as Gnostics. These teachers distorted the teachings of scripture for their own gain. They lived in immoral ways and taught others to do the same. # Introduction to Jude<br><br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of Jude<br><br>1. Introduction (1:1-2)<br>2. Warning against false teachers (1:3-4)<br>3. Old Testament examples (1:5-16)<br>4. Proper response (1:17-23)<br>5. Praises to God (1:24-25)<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Jude?<br><br>The author identified himself as Jude the brother of James. Both Jude and James were half-brothers of Jesus. It is unknown whether this letter was intended for a specific church.<br><br>### What is the Book of Jude about?<br><br>Jude wrote this letter to warn believers against false teachers. Jude often referred to the Old Testament. This may suggest that Jude was writing to a Jewish Christian audience. This letter and 2 Petter have similar content. They both speak about angels, Sodom and Gomorrah, and false teachers.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, “Jude.” Or they may choose a clearer title, such as “The Letter from Jude” or “The Letter Jude Wrote.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### Who were the people Jude spoke against?<br><br>It is possible that the people Jude spoke against were those who would become known as Gnostics. These teachers distorted the teachings of scripture for their own gain. They lived in immoral ways and taught others to do the same.
3 JUD 1 1 ek3q figs-you 0 General Information: Jude identifies himself as the writer of this letter and greets his readers. He was probably the half-brother of Jesus. There are two other Judes mentioned in the New Testament. The word “you” in this letter refers to the Christians to whom Jude was writing and is always plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
4 JUD 1 1 npc3 translate-names Ἰούδας 1 Jude Jude is the brother of James. Alternate translation: “I am Jude” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5 JUD 1 1 m3v1 ἀδελφὸς…Ἰακώβου 1 brother of James **James** and Jude were half brothers of Jesus. Joseph as their physical father, but he was not the physical father or Jesus.
43 JUD 1 13 e4rm figs-metaphor κύματα ἄγρια θαλάσσης 1 violent waves of the sea As the **waves of the sea** are blown by a strong wind, so the ungodly people are easily moved in many directions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
44 JUD 1 13 fgr9 figs-metaphor ἐπαφρίζοντα τὰς ἑαυτῶν αἰσχύνας 1 foaming out their own shameful deeds As wind causes wild waves to stir up dirty foam—so these men, through their false teaching and actions, shame themselves. Alternate translation: “and just as waves bring up foam and dirt, these men pollute others with their shame” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
45 JUD 1 13 r6rj figs-metaphor ἀστέρες πλανῆται 1 wandering stars Those who studied the **stars** in ancient times noticed that what we call planets do not move the way that stars do. Alternate translation: “like moving stars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
46 JUD 1 13 djm4 figs-metonymy figs-activepassive οἷς ὁ ζόφος τοῦ σκότους εἰς αἰῶνα τετήρηται 1 for whom the gloom of thick darkness has been reserved forever Here **darkness** is a metonym that represents the place of the dead or hell. Here “thick darkness” is an idiom that means “very dark.” The phrase “has been reserved” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and God will put them in the gloom and darkness of hell forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) The phrase **has been reserved** can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and God will put them in the gloom and darkness forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
47 JUD 1 14 13 e5wv oey6 figs-metonymy ἕβδομος ἀπὸ Ἀδὰμ ὁ ζόφος τοῦ σκότους 1 the seventh from Adam the gloom of thick darkness If Adam is counted as the first generation of mankind, Enoch is the seventh. If Adam’s son is counted as the first, Enoch is sixth in line. Here **darkness** is a metonym that represents the place of the dead or hell. Alternate translation: “the gloom and darkness of hell” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
48 JUD 1 14 13 lu2y bgza figs-idiom ἰδοὺ τοῦ σκότους 1 Look of thick darkness “Listen” or “Pay attention to this important thing I am going to say” Here **thick darkness** is an idiom that means “very dark.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
49 JUD 1 14 e5wv ἕβδομος ἀπὸ Ἀδὰμ 1 the seventh from Adam If **Adam** is counted as the first generation of mankind, Enoch is the seventh. If Adam’s son is counted as the first, Enoch is sixth in line.
50 JUD 1 14 lu2y ἰδοὺ 1 Behold “Listen” or “Pay attention to this important thing I am going to say”
51 JUD 1 15 bl4q ποιῆσαι κρίσιν κατὰ 1 to execute judgment on “to make judgment on” or “to judge”
52 JUD 1 16 zs28 γογγυσταί μεμψίμοιροι 1 grumblers, complainers People who do not want to obey and speak against godly authority. “Grumblers” tend to speak quietly, while “complainers” speak openly. People who do not want to obey and speak against godly authority. **Grumblers** tend to speak quietly, while **complainers** speak openly.
53 JUD 1 16 eaf2 6uf0 figs-metonymy λαλεῖ ὑπέρογκα τὸ στόμα αὐτῶν λαλεῖ 1 loud boasters their mouth speaks People who praise themselves so that others can hear. Here **mouth** represents the person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “they speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
54 JUD 1 16 j8rh eaf2 θαυμάζοντες πρόσωπα λαλεῖ ὑπέρογκα 1 flatter others speaks boastful things “give false praise to others” These people praise themselves so that others can hear.
55 JUD 1 18 16 w1mx j8rh figs-metaphor figs-metonymy κατὰ τὰς ἑαυτῶν ἐπιθυμίας πορευόμενοι τῶν ἀσεβειῶν θαυμάζοντες πρόσωπα 1 will follow their own ungodly desires flattering faces These people are spoken of as if their desires were kings who ruled over them. Alternate translation: “are never able to stop dishonoring God by doing the evil things they wish to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Here **faces** refers to the people they are flattering. Alternate translation: “give false praise to others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
56 JUD 1 18 j5m4 w1mx figs-metaphor κατὰ τὰς ἑαυτῶν ἐπιθυμίας πορευόμενοι τῶν ἀσεβειῶν 1 will follow their own ungodly desires going according to their own ungodly lusts Ungodly desires are spoken of as if they were a path that a person will follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) These people are spoken of as if their desires were kings who ruled over them. Alternate translation: “are never able to stop dishonoring God by doing the evil things they wish to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
57 JUD 1 19 18 r28j j5m4 figs-metaphor οὗτοί εἰσιν κατὰ τὰς ἑαυτῶν ἐπιθυμίας πορευόμενοι τῶν ἀσεβειῶν 1 It is these going according to their own ungodly lusts “It is these mockers” or “These mockers are the ones” **Ungodly lusts** are spoken of as if they were a path that a person will follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
58 JUD 1 19 ba6u r28j figs-metaphor ψυχικοί οὗτοί εἰσιν 1 are worldly These are think as other ungodly people think, they value the things that unbelievers value (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) “It is these mockers” or “These mockers are the ones”
59 JUD 1 19 qn4p ba6u figs-metaphor Πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες ψυχικοί 1 they do not have the Spirit natural-minded The Holy Spirit is spoken of as if he were something that people can possess. Alternate translation: “the Spirit is not within them” These people think as other ungodly people think, they value the things that unbelievers value. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
60 JUD 1 19 qn4p Πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες 1 not having the Spirit The Holy **Spirit** is spoken of as if he were something that people can possess. Alternate translation: “the Spirit is not within them”
61 JUD 1 20 e3ga 0 Connecting Statement: Jude tells the believers how they should live and how they should treat others.
62 JUD 1 20 xm93 ὑμεῖς δέ, ἀγαπητοί 1 But you, beloved “Do not be like them, beloved. Instead”
63 JUD 1 20 cc68 figs-metaphor ἐποικοδομοῦντες ἑαυτοὺς 1 build yourselves up building yourselves up Becoming increasingly able to trust in God and obey him is spoken of as if it were the process of constructing a building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
64 JUD 1 21 zd2c figs-metaphor ἑαυτοὺς ἐν ἀγάπῃ Θεοῦ τηρήσατε 1 Keep yourselves in God’s love keep yourselves in the love of God Remaining able to receive God’s love is spoken of as if one were keeping oneself in a certain place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Remaining able to receive the **love of God** is spoken of as if one were keeping oneself in a certain place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
65 JUD 1 21 s6w6 προσδεχόμενοι 1 wait for waiting for “eagerly look forward to” “eagerly looking forward to”
66 JUD 1 21 p3bw figs-metonymy τὸ ἔλεος τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον 1 the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ that brings you eternal life the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ to eternal life Here “mercy” stands for Jesus Christ himself, who will show his mercy to the believers by making them live forever with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) Here **mercy** stands for Jesus Christ himself, who will show his mercy to the believers by making them live forever with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
67 JUD 1 22 wbr5 οὓς…διακρινομένους 1 those who doubt those who are doubting “those who do not yet believe that Jesus is God”
68 JUD 1 23 wkj9 figs-metaphor ἐκ πυρὸς ἁρπάζοντες 1 snatching them out of the fire The picture is that of pulling people from a fire before they start to burn. Alternate translation: “doing for them whatever needs to be done to keep them from dying without Christ. This is like pulling them from the fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) The picture is that of pulling people from a **fire** before they start to burn. Alternate translation: “doing for them whatever needs to be done to keep them from dying without Christ. This is like pulling them from the fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
69 JUD 1 23 ign7 οὓς…ἐλεᾶτε ἐν φόβῳ 1 2 To others be merciful with fear have mercy on others with fear “Be kind to others, but be afraid of sinning the way they did” “be kind to others, but be afraid of sinning the way they did”
70 JUD 1 23 u4px figs-hyperbole μισοῦντες καὶ τὸν ἀπὸ τῆς σαρκὸς ἐσπιλωμένον χιτῶνα 1 Hate even the garment stained by the flesh hating even the garment defiled by the flesh Jude exaggerates to warn his readers that they can become like those sinners. Alternate translation: “Treat them as though you could become guilty of sin just by touching their clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
71 JUD 1 24 r3jx 0 Connecting Statement: Jude closes with a blessing.
72 JUD 1 24 w1dc figs-metaphor στῆσαι κατενώπιον τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ 1 to cause you to stand before his glorious presence to cause you to stand before his glory His glory is brilliant light that represents his greatness. Alternate translation: “and to allow you to enjoy and worship his glory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) His **glory** is brilliant light that represents his greatness. Alternate translation: “to allow you to enjoy and worship his glory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
73 JUD 1 24 gq9e figs-metaphor τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ ἀμώμους ἐν 1 glorious presence without blemish and with Here sin is spoken of as if it were dirt on one’s body or a flaw on one’s body. Alternate translation: “glorious presence, where you will be without sin and have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Here sin is spoken of as if it were dirt on one’s body or a flaw on one’s body. Alternate translation: “his glorious presence, where you will be without sin and have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
74 JUD 1 25 a3ua μόνῳ Θεῷ Σωτῆρι ἡμῶν, διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν 1 to the only God our Savior through Jesus Christ our Lord “to the only God, who saved us because of what Jesus Christ did.” This emphasizes that God the Father as well as the Son is the Savior.
75 JUD 1 25 kql5 δόξα, μεγαλωσύνη, κράτος, καὶ ἐξουσία, πρὸ παντὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος, καὶ νῦν, καὶ εἰς πάντας τοὺς αἰῶνας. ἀμήν δόξα, μεγαλωσύνη, κράτος, καὶ ἐξουσία, πρὸ παντὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος, καὶ νῦν, καὶ εἰς πάντας τοὺς αἰῶνας 1 be glory, majesty, dominion, and power, before all time, now, and forevermore be glory, majesty, dominion, and power, before all the age, both now and for all the ages God has always had, now has, and always will have glory, absolute leadership, and complete control of all things.