Update Ephesians notes for BP (#1384)
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@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ EPH 1 14 g6dw figs-metaphor ἀρραβὼν τῆς κληρονομίας ἡ
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EPH 1 15 d9qy 0 Connecting Statement: Paul prays for the Ephesian believers and praises God for the power that believers have through Christ.
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EPH 1 16 scy9 figs-litotes οὐ παύομαι εὐχαριστῶν 1 I have not stopped thanking God Paul uses “not stopped” to emphasize that he continues to thank God. Alternate translation: “I continue to thank God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
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EPH 1 17 b7l1 πνεῦμα σοφίας καὶ ἀποκαλύψεως, ἐν ἐπιγνώσει αὐτοῦ 1 a spirit of wisdom and revelation in the knowledge of him “spiritual wisdom to understand his revelation”
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EPH 1 18 gbl7 figs-metonymy πεφωτισμένους τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς τῆς καρδίας 1 that the eyes of your heart may be enlightened Here “heart” is a metonym for a person’s mind. The phrase “eyes of your heart” is a metaphor for one’s ability to gain understanding. Alternate translation: “that you may gain understanding and be enlightened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EPH 1 18 gbl7 figs-metonymy πεφωτισμένους τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς τῆς καρδίας 1 that the eyes of your heart may be enlightened Here “heart” refers to a person’s mind. The phrase “eyes of your heart” is a metaphor for one’s ability to gain understanding. Alternate translation: “that you may gain understanding and be enlightened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
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EPH 1 18 iv1h figs-activepassive πεφωτισμένους τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς τῆς καρδίας 1 that the eyes of your heart may be enlightened This may be stated in the active tense. Alternate translation: that God may enlighten your heart” or “that God may enlighten your understanding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EPH 1 18 m5j5 πεφωτισμένους 1 enlightened “made to see”
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EPH 1 18 abc4 τῆς κλήσεως αὐτοῦ 1 of his calling The **calling** of God refers to his choosing people to believe in him. Alternate translation: "that you have because he chose you to be his people"
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@ -57,12 +57,12 @@ EPH 1 20 f3dh translate-symaction καθίσας ἐν δεξιᾷ αὐτοῦ
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EPH 1 20 jrv1 ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις 1 in the heavenly places “in the supernatural world.” The word “heavenly” refers to the place where God is. See how you translated this in [Ephesians 1:3](../01/03.md).
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EPH 1 21 k8k7 ὑπεράνω πάσης ἀρχῆς, καὶ ἐξουσίας, καὶ δυνάμεως, καὶ κυριότητος 1 far above all rule and authority and power and dominion These are different terms for the ranks of supernatural beings, both angelic and demonic. Alternate translation: “far above all types of supernatural beings”
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EPH 1 21 ra11 figs-activepassive παντὸς ὀνόματος ὀνομαζομένου 1 every name that is named This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are (1) “every name that man gives” or (2) “every name that God gives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EPH 1 21 x6qc figs-metonymy ὀνόματος 1 name Possible meanings are (1) title or (2) position of authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EPH 1 21 x6qc bita-hq ὀνόματος 1 name Possible meanings are (1) title or (2) position of authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
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EPH 1 21 pym8 ἐν τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ 1 in this age “at this time”
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EPH 1 21 qw2x ἐν τῷ μέλλοντι 1 in the age to come “in the future”
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EPH 1 22 jm9i figs-metonymy πάντα ὑπέταξεν ὑπὸ τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ 1 all things under Christ’s feet Here “feet” represents Christ’s lordship, authority, and power. Alternate translation: “all things under Christ’s power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EPH 1 22 pm4t figs-metaphor κεφαλὴν ὑπὲρ πάντα 1 head over all things Here “head” refers to the leader or the one who is in charge. Alternate translation: “ruler over all things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EPH 1 23 ge2c figs-metaphor τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ 1 his body Just as with a human body, the head (verse 22) rules all things pertaining to its body, so Christ is the head of the church body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EPH 1 22 pm4t bita-hq κεφαλὴν ὑπὲρ πάντα 1 head over all things Here “head” refers to the leader or the one who is in charge. Alternate translation: “ruler over all things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
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EPH 1 23 ge2c bita-hq τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ 1 his body Just as with a human body, the head (verse 22) rules all things pertaining to its body, so Christ is the head of the church body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
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EPH 1 23 w2kh τὸ πλήρωμα τοῦ τὰ πάντα ἐν πᾶσιν πληρουμένου 1 the fullness of him who fills all in all “Christ fills the church with his life and power just as he gives life to all things”
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EPH 2 intro e7qn 0 # Ephesians 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter focuses on a Christian’s life before coming to believe in Jesus. Paul then uses this information to explain how a person’s former way of living is distinct from a Christian’s new identity “in Christ.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### One body<br>Paul teaches about the church in this chapter. The church is made of two different groups of people (Jews and Gentiles). They are now one group or “body.” The church is also known as the body of Christ. Jews and Gentiles are united in Christ.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### “Dead in trespasses and sins”<br>Paul teaches that those who are not Christians are “dead” in their sin. Sin binds or enslaves them. This makes them spiritually “dead.” Paul writes that God makes Christians alive in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/death]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Descriptions of worldly living<br>Paul uses many different ways to describe how non-Christians act. They “lived according to the ways of this world” and are “living according to the ruler of the authorities of the air,” “fulfilling the evil desires of our sinful nature,” and “carrying out the desires of the body and of the mind.”<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “It is the gift of God”<br>Some scholars believe “it” here refers to being saved. Other scholars believe that it is faith that is the gift of God. Because of how the Greek tenses agree, “it” here more likely refers to all of being saved by God’s grace through faith.<br><br>### Flesh<br><br>This is a complex issue. “Flesh” is possibly a metaphor for a person’s sinful nature. The phrase “Gentiles in the flesh” indicates the Ephesians once lived without any concern for God. “Flesh” is also used in this verse to refer to the physical part of man. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]])
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EPH 2 1 xf5s 0 Connecting Statement: Paul reminds the believers of their past and the way they now are before God.
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@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ EPH 2 15 bn71 τὸν νόμον τῶν ἐντολῶν ἐν δόγμασι
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EPH 2 15 sr2r figs-metaphor ἕνα καινὸν ἄνθρωπον 1 one new man a single new people, the people of redeemed humanity (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EPH 2 15 b628 ἐν αὑτῷ 1 in himself It is union with Christ that makes reconciliation possible between Jews and Gentiles.
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EPH 2 16 zz8k ἀποκαταλλάξῃ τοὺς ἀμφοτέρους 1 Christ reconciles both peoples “Christ brings the Jews and the Gentiles together in peace”
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EPH 2 16 abc0 figs-metaphor ἐν ἑνὶ σώματι 1 as one body The church is often referred to as the body of Christ. Here it is comprised of both Jews and Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EPH 2 16 abc0 bita-hq ἐν ἑνὶ σώματι 1 as one body The church is often referred to as the body of Christ. Here it is comprised of both Jews and Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
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EPH 2 16 bj8x figs-metonymy διὰ τοῦ σταυροῦ 1 through the cross The cross here represents Christ’s death on the cross. Alternate translation: “by means of Christ’s death on the cross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EPH 2 16 lq3m figs-metaphor ἀποκτείνας τὴν ἔχθραν 1 putting to death the hostility Stopping their hostility is spoken of as if he killed their hostility. By dying on the cross Jesus eliminated the reason for Jews and Gentiles to be hostile toward each other. Neither are now required to live according to the law of Moses. Alternate translation: “stopping them from hating one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EPH 2 17 vhi8 0 Connecting Statement: Paul tells the Ephesian believers that present Gentile believers are also now made one with the Jewish apostles and prophets; they are a temple for God in the Spirit.
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@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ EPH 3 5 srn9 figs-activepassive ὃ ἑτέραις γενεαῖς οὐκ ἐ
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EPH 3 5 eq5u figs-activepassive ὡς νῦν ἀπεκαλύφθη…ἐν Πνεύματι 1 But now it has been revealed by the Spirit This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But now the Spirit has revealed it” or “But now the Spirit has made it known” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EPH 3 5 iux3 τοῖς ἁγίοις ἀποστόλοις αὐτοῦ καὶ προφήταις 1 his apostles and prophets who were set apart for this work “the apostles and prophets whom God set apart to do this work”
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EPH 3 6 pqy3 εἶναι τὰ ἔθνη, συνκληρονόμα…διὰ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου 1 the Gentiles are fellow heirs…through the gospel This is the hidden truth Paul began to explain in the previous verse. The Gentiles who receive Christ also receive the same things as the Jewish believers.
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EPH 3 6 y88q figs-metaphor σύνσωμα 1 fellow members of the body The church is often referred to as the body of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EPH 3 6 y88q bita-hq σύνσωμα 1 fellow members of the body The church is often referred to as the body of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
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EPH 3 6 wxs4 ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 in Christ Jesus “In Christ Jesus” and similar expressions are metaphors that frequently occur in the New Testament letters. They express the strongest kind of relationship possible between Christ and those who believe in him.
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EPH 3 6 i4h7 διὰ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου 1 through the gospel Possible meanings are (1) because of the gospel the Gentiles are fellow sharers in the promise or (2) because of the gospel the Gentiles are fellow heirs and members of the body and fellow sharers in the promise.
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EPH 3 8 y97f figs-metaphor ἀνεξιχνίαστον 1 unsearchable unable to be completely known (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ EPH 3 16 z9q5 δῷ ὑμῖν κατὰ τὸ πλοῦτος τῆς δόξη
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EPH 3 16 rgf5 δῷ 1 would grant “would give”
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EPH 3 17 n87p 0 Connecting Statement: Paul continues the prayer he began in [Ephesians 3:14](../03/14.md).
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EPH 3 17 wg1v κατοικῆσαι τὸν Χριστὸν διὰ τῆς πίστεως ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν ἐν ἀγάπῃ, ἐρριζωμένοι καὶ τεθεμελιωμένοι 1 that Christ may live in your hearts through faith, that you will be rooted and grounded in his love This is the second item for which Paul prays that God will “grant” the Ephesians “according to the riches of his glory.” The first is that they would “be strengthened” ([Ephesians 3:16](../03/16.md)).
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EPH 3 17 q6yy figs-metonymy κατοικῆσαι τὸν Χριστὸν διὰ τῆς πίστεως ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν 1 that Christ may live in your hearts through faith Here “heart” represents a person’s inner being, and “through” expresses the means by which Christ lives within the believer. Christ lives in the hearts of believers because God graciously allows them to have faith. Alternate translation: “that Christ may live within you because you trust in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EPH 3 17 q6yy bita-hq κατοικῆσαι τὸν Χριστὸν διὰ τῆς πίστεως ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν 1 that Christ may live in your hearts through faith Here “heart” represents a person’s inner being, and “through” expresses the means by which Christ lives within the believer. Christ lives in the hearts of believers because God graciously allows them to have faith. Alternate translation: “that Christ may live within you because you trust in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
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EPH 3 17 g4g1 figs-metaphor ἐν ἀγάπῃ, ἐρριζωμένοι καὶ τεθεμελιωμένοι 1 that you will be rooted and grounded in his love Paul speaks of their faith as if it were a tree that has deep roots or a house built on a solid foundation. Alternate translation: “that you will be like a firmly rooted tree and a building built on stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EPH 3 18 cja8 ἵνα ἐξισχύσητε καταλαβέσθαι 1 May you have strength so you can understand These words can be combined with the words that begin with “faith, that you will be rooted and grounded in his love” in verse 17 in two ways. Possible meanings are (1) “faith. I pray that you will be rooted and grounded in his love so that you have strength and can understand” or (2) “faith so you will be rooted and grounded in his love. I also pray that you will have strength so you can understand”
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EPH 3 18 bkk6 καταλαβέσθαι 1 so you can understand This is the second item for which Paul bends his knees and prays; the first is that God will grant that they be strengthened ([Ephesians 3:16](../03/16.md)) and that Christ may live in their hearts through faith ([Ephesians 3:17](../03/17.md)). And “understand” is the first thing that Paul prays that the Ephesians themselves will be able to do.
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@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ EPH 4 1 zxr1 figs-metaphor ἀξίως περιπατῆσαι τῆς κλήσ
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EPH 4 1 abc5 τῆς κλήσεως ἧς ἐκλήθητε 1 of the calling by which you were called Here **the calling** refers to the fact that God chose them to be his people. Alternate translation: "because God chose you to be his people"
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EPH 4 2 zs6s μετὰ πάσης ταπεινοφροσύνης καὶ πραΰτητος 1 to live with great humility and gentleness and patience “to learn to be humble, gentle, and patient”
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EPH 4 3 pi5c τηρεῖν τὴν ἑνότητα τοῦ Πνεύματος ἐν τῷ συνδέσμῳ τῆς εἰρήνης 1 to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace Here Paul speaks of “peace” as if it were a bond that ties people together. This is a metaphor for being united with other people by living peacefully with them. Alternate translation: “to live peacefully with one another and remain united as the Spirit made possible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EPH 4 4 x5kv figs-metaphor ἓν σῶμα 1 one body The church is often referred to as the body of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EPH 4 4 x5kv bita-hq ἓν σῶμα 1 one body The church is often referred to as the body of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
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EPH 4 4 y6ep ἓν Πνεῦμα 1 one Spirit “only one Holy Spirit”
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EPH 4 4 b9mr figs-activepassive ἐκλήθητε ἐν μιᾷ ἐλπίδι τῆς κλήσεως ὑμῶν 1 you were called in one certain hope of your calling This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God called you to have one confident hope in your calling” or “there is one thing that God also chose you to be confident in and expect him to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EPH 4 6 bz5i Πατὴρ πάντων…ἐπὶ πάντων…διὰ πάντων…ἐν πᾶσιν 1 Father of all…over all…through all…and in all The word “all” here means “everything.”
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@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ EPH 4 12 jx12 πρὸς τὸν καταρτισμὸν τῶν ἁγίων 1 t
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EPH 4 12 y9gd εἰς ἔργον διακονίας 1 for the work of service “so they can serve others”
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EPH 4 12 n33m figs-metaphor εἰς οἰκοδομὴν τοῦ σώματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 for the building up of the body of Christ Paul is speaking of people who grow spiritually as if they were doing exercises to increase the strength of their physical bodies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EPH 4 12 pdh4 οἰκοδομὴν 1 building up “improvement”
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EPH 4 12 x5gd σώματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 body of Christ The “body of Christ” refers to all of the individual members of Christ’s Church.
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EPH 4 12 x5gd bita-hq σώματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 body of Christ The “body of Christ” refers to all of the individual members of Christ’s Church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
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EPH 4 13 w1ik καταντήσωμεν…εἰς τὴν ἑνότητα τῆς πίστεως, καὶ τῆς ἐπιγνώσεως τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 reach the unity of faith and knowledge of the Son of God The believers need to know Jesus as the Son of God if they are to be united in faith and mature as believers.
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EPH 4 13 er6a καταντήσωμεν…εἰς τὴν ἑνότητα τῆς πίστεως 1 reach the unity of faith “become equally strong in faith” or “become united together in faith”
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EPH 4 13 x7k3 guidelines-sonofgodprinciples τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 Son of God This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
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@ -201,10 +201,10 @@ EPH 4 13 gv6m τέλειον 1 mature “fully developed” or “grown up” o
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EPH 4 14 xgi4 figs-metaphor ὦμεν νήπιοι 1 be children Paul refers to believers who have not grown spiritually as if they were children who have had very little experience in life. Alternate translation: “be like children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EPH 4 14 ndj2 figs-metaphor κλυδωνιζόμενοι καὶ περιφερόμενοι παντὶ ἀνέμῳ τῆς διδασκαλίας 1 tossed back and forth…carried away by every wind of teaching This speaks of a believer who has not become mature and follows wrong teaching as if that believer were a boat that the wind is blowing in different directions on the water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EPH 4 14 r3bj ἐν τῇ κυβίᾳ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ἐν πανουργίᾳ πρὸς τὴν μεθοδίαν τῆς πλάνης 1 by the trickery of people in their deceitful schemes “by crafty people who trick believers with clever lies”
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EPH 4 15 zw32 figs-metaphor εἰς αὐτὸν…ὅς ἐστιν ἡ κεφαλή 1 into him who is the head Paul uses the human body to describe how Christ causes believers to work together in harmony as the head of a body causes the body parts to work together to grow healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EPH 4 15 zw32 bita-hq εἰς αὐτὸν…ὅς ἐστιν ἡ κεφαλή 1 into him who is the head Paul uses the human body to describe how Christ causes believers to work together in harmony as the head of a body causes the body parts to work together to grow healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
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EPH 4 15 i2ff ἐν ἀγάπῃ 1 in love “as the members love one another”
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EPH 4 16 ll7f figs-metaphor ἐξ οὗ πᾶν τὸ σῶμα…τὴν αὔξησιν τοῦ σώματος ποιεῖται εἰς οἰκοδομὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἐν ἀγάπῃ 1 Christ builds the whole body…makes the body grow so that it builds itself up in love Paul uses the human body to describe how Christ causes believers to work together in harmony as the head of a body causes the body parts to work together to grow healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EPH 4 16 l5r6 διὰ πάσης ἁφῆς τῆς ἐπιχορηγίας 1 by every supporting ligament A “ligament” is a strong band that connects bones or organs in place in the body.
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EPH 4 16 ll7f bita-hq ἐξ οὗ πᾶν τὸ σῶμα…τὴν αὔξησιν τοῦ σώματος ποιεῖται εἰς οἰκοδομὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἐν ἀγάπῃ 1 Christ builds the whole body…makes the body grow so that it builds itself up in love Paul uses the human body to describe how Christ causes believers to work together in harmony as the head of a body causes the body parts to work together to grow healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
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EPH 4 16 l5r6 bita-hq διὰ πάσης ἁφῆς τῆς ἐπιχορηγίας 1 by every supporting ligament A “ligament” is a strong band that connects bones or organs in place in the body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
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EPH 4 17 n5cy 0 Connecting Statement: Paul tells them what they should no longer do now that they as believers are sealed by the Holy Spirit of God.
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EPH 4 17 ksr8 τοῦτο οὖν λέγω καὶ μαρτύρομαι ἐν Κυρίῳ 1 Therefore, I say and insist on this in the Lord “Because what I have just said, I will say something more to strongly encourage you because we all belong to the Lord”
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EPH 4 17 wcx2 μηκέτι ὑμᾶς περιπατεῖν, καθὼς καὶ τὰ ἔθνη περιπατεῖ ἐν ματαιότητι τοῦ νοὸς αὐτῶν 1 that you must no longer live as the Gentiles live, in the futility of their minds “stop living like the Gentiles with their worthless thoughts”
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@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ EPH 4 18 lab7 figs-metaphor ἐσκοτωμένοι τῇ διανοίᾳ 1 They
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EPH 4 18 w69u figs-activepassive ἀπηλλοτριωμένοι τῆς ζωῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ, διὰ τὴν ἄγνοιαν τὴν οὖσαν ἐν αὐτοῖς 1 alienated from the life of God because of the ignorance that is in them This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Because they do not know God, they cannot live the way God wants his people to live” or “They have cut themselves off from the life of God by their ignorance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EPH 4 18 w235 ἀπηλλοτριωμένοι 1 alienated “cut off” or “separated”
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EPH 4 18 s1uz ἄγνοιαν 1 ignorance “lack of knowledge” or “lack of information”
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EPH 4 18 k8qv figs-metonymy διὰ τὴν πώρωσιν τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶν 1 because of the hardness of their hearts Here “hearts” is a metaphor for people’s minds. The phrase “hardness of their hearts” is a metaphor that means “stubbornness.” Alternate translation: “because they are stubborn” or “because they refuse to listen to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EPH 4 18 k8qv bita-hq διὰ τὴν πώρωσιν τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶν 1 because of the hardness of their hearts Here “hearts”represents people’s minds. The phrase “hardness of their hearts” is a metaphor that means “stubbornness.” Alternate translation: “because they are stubborn” or “because they refuse to listen to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EPH 4 19 ldy8 figs-metaphor ἑαυτοὺς παρέδωκαν τῇ ἀσελγείᾳ 1 have handed themselves over to sensuality Paul speaks of these people as if they were objects that they themselves were giving to other people, and he speaks of the way they want to satisfy their physical desires as if it were the person to whom they give themselves. Alternate translation: “only want to satisfy their physical desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EPH 4 20 e5vk ὑμεῖς δὲ οὐχ οὕτως ἐμάθετε τὸν Χριστόν 1 But that is not how you learned about Christ The word “that” refers to the way the Gentiles live, as described in [Ephesians 4:17-19](./17.md). This emphasizes that what the believers learned about Christ was the opposite of that. Alternate translation: “But what you learned about Christ was not like that”
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EPH 4 21 hy7r figs-irony εἴ γε αὐτὸν ἠκούσατε καὶ ἐν αὐτῷ ἐδιδάχθητε 1 I assume that you have heard…and that you were taught Paul knows that the Ephesians have heard and been taught. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
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@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ EPH 4 23 jy7h figs-activepassive ἀνανεοῦσθαι…τῷ πνεύματ
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EPH 4 24 x41y ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ καὶ ὁσιότητι τῆς ἀληθείας 1 in true righteousness and holiness “truly righteous and holy”
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EPH 4 24 abc7 figs-metaphor ἐνδύσασθαι τὸν καινὸν ἄνθρωπον 1 to put on the new man Here seeking to have the character qualities of the new man is spoken of as if they were putting them on like clothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EPH 4 25 abn8 ἀποθέμενοι τὸ ψεῦδος 1 get rid of lies “stop telling lies”
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EPH 4 25 zh2g ἐσμὲν ἀλλήλων μέλη 1 we are members of one another “we belong to one another” or “we are members of God’s family”
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EPH 4 25 zh2g bita-hq ἐσμὲν ἀλλήλων μέλη 1 Alternate translation: “we are members of one another” Here Paul speaks of the close union of believers with each other as if they were each part of one single body. Alternate translation: “we belong to one another” or “we are all members of God’s family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
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EPH 4 26 w8rw ὀργίζεσθε, καὶ μὴ ἁμαρτάνετε 1 Be angry and do not sin “You may get angry, but do not sin” or “If you become angry, do not sin”
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EPH 4 26 ki7p figs-metonymy ὁ ἥλιος μὴ ἐπιδυέτω ἐπὶ παροργισμῷ ὑμῶν 1 Do not let the sun go down on your anger The sun going down represents nightfall, or the end of the day. Alternate translation: “You must stop being angry before night comes” or “Let go of your anger before the day ends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EPH 4 27 w71s μηδὲ δίδοτε τόπον τῷ διαβόλῳ 1 Do not give an opportunity to the devil “Do not give the devil an opportunity to lead you into sin”
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@ -255,10 +255,11 @@ EPH 5 6 px7p κενοῖς λόγοις 1 empty words words that have no truth
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EPH 5 8 wy9d figs-metaphor ἦτε γάρ ποτε σκότος 1 For you were once darkness Just as one cannot see in the dark, so people who love to sin lack spiritual understanding. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EPH 5 8 iw4q figs-metaphor νῦν δὲ φῶς ἐν Κυρίῳ 1 but now you are light in the Lord Just as one can see in the light, so people whom God has saved understand how to please God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EPH 5 8 l6ki figs-metaphor ὡς τέκνα φωτὸς περιπατεῖτε 1 Walk as children of light Walking on a path is a metaphor for how a person lives his life. Alternate translation: “Live as people who understand what the Lord wants them to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EPH 5 8 abc5 figs-simile ὡς τέκνα φωτὸς 1 as children of light God desires us to imitate or follow him since we are his spiritual children. Alternate translation: “as God's children who know the truth” or “because you are God's children and see the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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EPH 5 8 abc9 figs-simile ὡς τέκνα φωτὸς 1 as children of light God desires us to imitate or follow him since we are his spiritual children. Alternate translation: “as God's children who know the truth” or “because you are God's children and see the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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EPH 5 9 q194 figs-metaphor ὁ…καρπὸς τοῦ φωτὸς ἐν πάσῃ ἀγαθωσύνῃ, καὶ δικαιοσύνῃ, καὶ ἀληθείᾳ 1 the fruit of the light consists in all goodness, righteousness, and truth “Fruit” here is a metaphor for “result” or “outcome.” Alternate translation: “the result of living in the light is good work, right living, and truthful behavior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EPH 5 11 zdu1 figs-metaphor μὴ συνκοινωνεῖτε τοῖς ἔργοις τοῖς ἀκάρποις τοῦ σκότους 1 Do not associate with the unfruitful works of darkness Paul speaks of the useless, sinful things that unbelievers do as if they are evil deeds people do in the dark so no one will see them. Alternate translation: “Do not do useless, sinful things with unbelievers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EPH 5 11 v4d1 figs-metaphor ἔργοις τοῖς ἀκάρποις 1 unfruitful works actions that do nothing good, useful, or profitable. Paul is comparing evil actions to an unhealthy tree that produces nothing good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EPH 5 11 abc8 figs-metaphor τοῖς ἔργοις τοῖς ἀκάρποις τοῦ σκότους 1 the unfruitful works of darkness The word **darkness** is often used to represent sin. In this instance, these works result from sinful motives. Alternate translation: "deeds that are worthless because they were done from sinful motives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EPH 5 11 hpl2 figs-metaphor ἐλέγχετε 1 expose them Speaking against the works of darkness is spoken of as bringing them out into the light so that people can see them. Alternate translation: “bring them out into the light” or “uncover them” or “show and tell people how wrong these actions are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EPH 5 13 sp1z 0 General Information: It is unknown if this quotation is a combination of quotations from the prophet Isaiah or a quotation from a hymn sung by the believers.
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EPH 5 13 vqi7 figs-metaphor πᾶν…τὸ φανερούμενον φῶς ἐστιν 1 anything that becomes visible is light “people can clearly see everything that comes into the light.” Paul makes this general statement in order to imply that God’s Word shows people’s actions to be good or bad. The Bible often speaks of God’s truth as if it were light that could reveal the character of something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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@ -276,11 +277,11 @@ EPH 5 19 egk6 figs-merism ψαλμοῖς, καὶ ὕμνοις, καὶ ᾠδ
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EPH 5 19 n5jj ψαλμοῖς 1 psalms These are probably songs from the Old Testament book of Psalms that Christians sang.
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EPH 5 19 g5ss ὕμνοις 1 hymns These are songs of praise and worship that may have been written specifically for Christians to sing.
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EPH 5 19 v9ay figs-doublet ᾠδαῖς πνευματικαῖς 1 spiritual songs Possible meanings are (1) these are songs that Holy Spirit inspires a person to sing right at that moment or (2) “spiritual songs” and “hymns” are doublets and mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
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EPH 5 19 v3ql figs-metonymy τῇ καρδίᾳ ὑμῶν 1 with all your heart Here “heart” is a metonym for a person’s thoughts or inner being. The phrase “with all your heart” means to do something with enthusiasm. Alternate translation: “with all of your being” or “enthusiastically” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EPH 5 20 e6w5 ἐν ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ “because you belong to our Lord Jesus Christ” or “as people who belong to our Lord Jesus Christ”
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EPH 5 19 v3ql bita-hq τῇ καρδίᾳ ὑμῶν 1 with all your heart Here “heart” is a metonym for a person’s thoughts or inner being. The phrase “with all your heart” means to do something with enthusiasm. Alternate translation: “with all of your being” or “enthusiastically” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
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EPH 5 20 e6w5 bita-hq ἐν ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ Here **name** may represent (1) Jesus himself or (2) the authority of Jesus. Alternate translation: “because you belong to our Lord Jesus Christ” or “with the authority of our Lord Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
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EPH 5 22 isd7 0 Connecting Statement: Paul begins to explain how Christians are to submit themselves to one another ([Ephesians 5:21](../05/21.md)). He starts with instructions to wives and husbands on how they should act toward each other.
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EPH 5 23 x637 figs-metaphor κεφαλὴ τῆς γυναικὸς…κεφαλὴ τῆς ἐκκλησίας 1 the head of the wife…the head of the church The word “head” represents the leader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EPH 5 23 abc1 figs-metaphor τοῦ σώματος 1 the body The church is often referred to as the body of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EPH 5 23 x637 bita-hq κεφαλὴ τῆς γυναικὸς…κεφαλὴ τῆς ἐκκλησίας 1 the head of the wife…the head of the church The word “head” represents the leader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
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EPH 5 23 abc1 bita-hq τοῦ σώματος 1 the body The church is often referred to as the body of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
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EPH 5 25 sx8d 0 General Information: Here the words “himself” and “he” refer to Christ. The word “her” refers to the church.
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EPH 5 25 sm9e ἀγαπᾶτε τὰς γυναῖκας 1 love your wives Here “love” refers to unselfish serving or giving love to wives.
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EPH 5 25 i24y ἑαυτὸν παρέδωκεν 1 gave himself up “allowed people to kill him”
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@ -291,7 +292,7 @@ EPH 5 27 d1sm figs-metaphor μὴ ἔχουσαν σπίλον, ἢ ῥυτίδ
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EPH 5 27 jvi4 figs-doublet ἁγία καὶ ἄμωμος 1 holy and without fault The phrase “without fault” means basically the same thing as “holy.” Paul uses the two together to emphasize the church’s purity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
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EPH 5 28 wp8b figs-explicit ὡς τὰ ἑαυτῶν σώματα 1 as their own bodies That people love their own bodies may be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “as husbands love their own bodies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EPH 5 29 h5aa ἀλλὰ ἐκτρέφει 1 but nourishes “but feeds”
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EPH 5 30 h44f figs-metaphor μέλη ἐσμὲν τοῦ σώματος αὐτοῦ 1 we are members of his body Here Paul speaks of the close union of believers with Christ as if they were part of his own body, for which he would naturally care. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EPH 5 30 h44f bita-hq μέλη ἐσμὲν τοῦ σώματος αὐτοῦ 1 we are members of his body Here Paul speaks of the close union of believers with Christ as if they were part of his own body, for which he would naturally care. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
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EPH 5 31 yp23 0 General Information: The quotation is from the writings of Moses in the Old Testament.
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EPH 5 31 yp24 0 General Information: The words “his” and “himself” refer to a male believer who marries.
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EPH 6 intro r7c3 0 # Ephesians 06 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Slavery<br>Paul does not write in this chapter about whether slavery is good or bad. Paul teaches about working to please God whether as a slave or as a master. What Paul teaches here about slavery would have been surprising. In his time, masters were not expected to treat their slaves with respect and not threaten them.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Armor of God<br>This extended metaphor describes how Christians can protect themselves when spiritually attacked. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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@ -303,7 +304,7 @@ EPH 6 4 ytg5 figs-abstractnouns ἐκτρέφετε αὐτὰ ἐν παιδε
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EPH 6 5 r29d ὑπακούετε 1 be obedient to “obey.” This is a command.
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EPH 6 5 s1pq figs-doublet φόβου καὶ τρόμου 1 deep respect and trembling The phrase “deep respect and trembling” uses two similar ideas to emphasize the importance of honoring their masters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EPH 6 5 z6xx figs-hyperbole καὶ τρόμου 1 and trembling Here “trembling” is an exaggeration used to emphasize how important it is that slaves obey their masters. Alternate translation: “and fear” or “as though you were shaking with fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
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EPH 6 5 pd6z figs-metonymy ἐν ἁπλότητι τῆς καρδίας ὑμῶν 1 in the honesty of your heart Here “heart” is a metonym for a person’s mind or intentions. Alternate translation: “with honesty” or “with sincerity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EPH 6 5 pd6z bita-hq ἐν ἁπλότητι τῆς καρδίας ὑμῶν 1 in the honesty of your heart Here “heart” is a metonym for a person’s mind or intentions. Alternate translation: “with honesty” or “with sincerity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
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EPH 6 6 l9ve ὡς δοῦλοι Χριστοῦ 1 as slaves of Christ Serve your earthly master as though your earthly master were Christ himself.
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EPH 6 6 u5fn figs-metonymy ἐκ ψυχῆς 1 from your heart Here “heart” is a metonym for “thoughts” or “intentions.” Alternate translation: “with sincerity” or “enthusiastically” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EPH 6 7 h45y figs-metonymy μετ’ εὐνοίας δουλεύοντες 1 Serve with all your heart Here “heart” is a metonym for “thoughts” or “inner being.” Alternate translation: “Serve with all of your being” or “Be completely dedicated when you serve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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@ -321,7 +322,7 @@ EPH 6 13 cy9h figs-metaphor ἵνα δυνηθῆτε ἀντιστῆναι ἐ
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EPH 6 14 r5m7 figs-metaphor στῆτε οὖν 1 Stand, therefore The words “stand” represents successfully resisting or fighting something. See how you translated “stand firm” in [Ephesians 6:13](../06/13.md). “So resist evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EPH 6 14 lbd4 figs-metaphor τὴν ὀσφὺν ὑμῶν ἐν ἀληθείᾳ 1 the belt of truth Truth holds everything together for a believer just as a belt holds the clothing of a soldier together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EPH 6 14 zt21 ἀληθείᾳ…δικαιοσύνης 1 truth…righteousness We are to know the truth and act in ways that please God.
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EPH 6 14 abc7 figs-metaphor ἐνδυσάμενοι τὸν θώρακα τῆς δικαιοσύνης 1 having put on the breastplate of righteousness Christians trusting in righteousness is spoken of as if they were soldiers putting on a breastplate to protect himself from enemy attacks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EPH 6 14 abca figs-metaphor ἐνδυσάμενοι τὸν θώρακα τῆς δικαιοσύνης 1 having put on the breastplate of righteousness Christians trusting in righteousness is spoken of as if they were soldiers putting on a breastplate to protect himself from enemy attacks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EPH 6 14 ij1q figs-metaphor τὸν θώρακα τῆς δικαιοσύνης 1 the breastplate of righteousness Possible meanings are (1) the gift of righteousness covers a believer’s heart just as a breastplate protects the chest of a soldier or (2) our living as God wants us, gives us a clear conscience that protects our hearts the way a breastplate protects a soldier’s chest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EPH 6 15 f6w1 figs-metaphor καὶ ὑποδησάμενοι τοὺς πόδας ἐν ἑτοιμασίᾳ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου τῆς εἰρήνης 1 Then as shoes for your feet, put on the readiness to proclaim the gospel of peace Just as a soldier wears shoes to give him solid footing, the believer must have solid knowledge of the gospel of peace in order to be ready to proclaim it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EPH 6 16 n65c figs-metaphor ἐν πᾶσιν ἀναλαβόντες τὸν θυρεὸν τῆς πίστεως 1 In all circumstances take up the shield of faith The believer must use the faith that God gives for protection when the devil attacks, just as a soldier uses a shield to protect him from enemy attacks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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@ -339,6 +340,6 @@ EPH 6 20 wx9k figs-metonymy ὑπὲρ οὗ πρεσβεύω ἐν ἁλύσε
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EPH 6 20 pmm2 figs-explicit ἵνα ἐν αὐτῷ παρρησιάσωμαι, ὡς δεῖ με λαλῆσαι 1 so that I may declare it boldly, as I ought to speak The word “pray” is understood from verse 19. Alternate translation: “so pray that whenever I teach the gospel, I will speak it as boldly as I should” or “pray that I may speak the gospel as boldly as I should” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EPH 6 21 cxs9 translate-names Τυχικὸς 1 Tychicus Tychicus was one of several men who served with Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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EPH 6 21 abc2 figs-metaphor ἀδελφὸς 1 brother Paul speaks of Tychicus as if he were a brother to all the other believers who were in God's spiritual family, (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EPH 6 22 nv5m figs-metonymy ἵνα…παρακαλέσῃ τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν 1 so that he may encourage your hearts Here “hearts” is a metonym for people’s inner beings. Alternate translation: “so that he may encourage you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EPH 6 22 nv5m bita-hq ἵνα…παρακαλέσῃ τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν 1 so that he may encourage your hearts Here “hearts” is a metonym for people’s inner beings. Alternate translation: “so that he may encourage you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
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EPH 6 23 j395 0 Connecting Statement: Paul closes his letter to the Ephesian believers with a blessing of peace and grace on all believers who love Christ.
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EPH 6 23 abc3 figs-metaphor ἀδελφοῖς 1 brothers Paul speaks of the other believers as if they were brother to all the other believers who were in God's spiritual family, (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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