Update Ephesians notes for BP (#1384)

en_tn_50-EPH.tsv

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ EPH	1	14	g6dw	figs-metaphor	ἀρραβὼν τῆς κληρονομίας ἡ
 EPH	1	15	d9qy			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul prays for the Ephesian believers and praises God for the power that believers have through Christ.
 EPH	1	16	scy9	figs-litotes	οὐ παύομαι εὐχαριστῶν	1	I have not stopped thanking God	Paul uses “not stopped” to emphasize that he continues to thank God. Alternate translation: “I continue to thank God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
 EPH	1	17	b7l1		πνεῦμα σοφίας καὶ ἀποκαλύψεως, ἐν ἐπιγνώσει αὐτοῦ	1	a spirit of wisdom and revelation in the knowledge of him	“spiritual wisdom to understand his revelation”
-EPH	1	18	gbl7	figs-metonymy	πεφωτισμένους τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς τῆς καρδίας	1	that the eyes of your heart may be enlightened	Here “heart” is a metonym for a person’s mind. The phrase “eyes of your heart” is a metaphor for one’s ability to gain understanding. Alternate translation: “that you may gain understanding and be enlightened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+EPH	1	18	gbl7	figs-metonymy	πεφωτισμένους τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς τῆς καρδίας	1	that the eyes of your heart may be enlightened	Here “heart” refers to a person’s mind. The phrase “eyes of your heart” is a metaphor for one’s ability to gain understanding. Alternate translation: “that you may gain understanding and be enlightened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
 EPH	1	18	iv1h	figs-activepassive	πεφωτισμένους τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς τῆς καρδίας	1	that the eyes of your heart may be enlightened	This may be stated in the active tense. Alternate translation: that God may enlighten your heart” or “that God may enlighten your understanding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 EPH	1	18	m5j5		πεφωτισμένους	1	enlightened	“made to see”
 EPH	1	18	abc4		τῆς κλήσεως αὐτοῦ	1	of his calling	The **calling** of God refers to his choosing people to believe in him. Alternate translation: "that you have because he chose you to be his people"
@@ -57,12 +57,12 @@ EPH	1	20	f3dh	translate-symaction	καθίσας ἐν δεξιᾷ αὐτοῦ
 EPH	1	20	jrv1		ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις	1	in the heavenly places	“in the supernatural world.” The word “heavenly” refers to the place where God is. See how you translated this in [Ephesians 1:3](../01/03.md).
 EPH	1	21	k8k7		ὑπεράνω πάσης ἀρχῆς, καὶ ἐξουσίας, καὶ δυνάμεως, καὶ κυριότητος	1	far above all rule and authority and power and dominion	These are different terms for the ranks of supernatural beings, both angelic and demonic. Alternate translation: “far above all types of supernatural beings”
 EPH	1	21	ra11	figs-activepassive	παντὸς ὀνόματος ὀνομαζομένου	1	every name that is named	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are (1) “every name that man gives” or (2) “every name that God gives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
-EPH	1	21	x6qc	figs-metonymy	ὀνόματος	1	name	Possible meanings are (1) title or (2) position of authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+EPH	1	21	x6qc	bita-hq	ὀνόματος	1	name	Possible meanings are (1) title or (2) position of authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
 EPH	1	21	pym8		ἐν τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ	1	in this age	“at this time”
 EPH	1	21	qw2x		ἐν τῷ μέλλοντι	1	in the age to come	“in the future”
 EPH	1	22	jm9i	figs-metonymy	πάντα ὑπέταξεν ὑπὸ τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ	1	all things under Christ’s feet	Here “feet” represents Christ’s lordship, authority, and power. Alternate translation: “all things under Christ’s power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-EPH	1	22	pm4t	figs-metaphor	κεφαλὴν ὑπὲρ πάντα	1	head over all things	Here “head” refers to the leader or the one who is in charge. Alternate translation: “ruler over all things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-EPH	1	23	ge2c	figs-metaphor	τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ	1	his body	Just as with a human body, the head (verse 22) rules all things pertaining to its body, so Christ is the head of the church body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+EPH	1	22	pm4t	bita-hq	κεφαλὴν ὑπὲρ πάντα	1	head over all things	Here “head” refers to the leader or the one who is in charge. Alternate translation: “ruler over all things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
+EPH	1	23	ge2c	bita-hq	τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ	1	his body	Just as with a human body, the head (verse 22) rules all things pertaining to its body, so Christ is the head of the church body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
 EPH	1	23	w2kh		τὸ πλήρωμα τοῦ τὰ πάντα ἐν πᾶσιν πληρουμένου	1	the fullness of him who fills all in all	“Christ fills the church with his life and power just as he gives life to all things”
 EPH	2	intro	e7qn			0		# Ephesians 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter focuses on a Christian’s life before coming to believe in Jesus. Paul then uses this information to explain how a person’s former way of living is distinct from a Christian’s new identity “in Christ.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### One body<br>Paul teaches about the church in this chapter. The church is made of two different groups of people (Jews and Gentiles). They are now one group or “body.” The church is also known as the body of Christ. Jews and Gentiles are united in Christ.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### “Dead in trespasses and sins”<br>Paul teaches that those who are not Christians are “dead” in their sin. Sin binds or enslaves them. This makes them spiritually “dead.” Paul writes that God makes Christians alive in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/death]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Descriptions of worldly living<br>Paul uses many different ways to describe how non-Christians act. They “lived according to the ways of this world” and are “living according to the ruler of the authorities of the air,” “fulfilling the evil desires of our sinful nature,” and “carrying out the desires of the body and of the mind.”<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “It is the gift of God”<br>Some scholars believe “it” here refers to being saved. Other scholars believe that it is faith that is the gift of God. Because of how the Greek tenses agree, “it” here more likely refers to all of being saved by God’s grace through faith.<br><br>### Flesh<br><br>This is a complex issue. “Flesh” is possibly a metaphor for a person’s sinful nature. The phrase “Gentiles in the flesh” indicates the Ephesians once lived without any concern for God. “Flesh” is also used in this verse to refer to the physical part of man. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]])
 EPH	2	1	xf5s			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul reminds the believers of their past and the way they now are before God.
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ EPH	2	15	bn71		τὸν νόμον τῶν ἐντολῶν ἐν δόγμασι
 EPH	2	15	sr2r	figs-metaphor	ἕνα καινὸν ἄνθρωπον	1	one new man	a single new people, the people of redeemed humanity (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EPH	2	15	b628		ἐν αὑτῷ	1	in himself	It is union with Christ that makes reconciliation possible between Jews and Gentiles.
 EPH	2	16	zz8k		ἀποκαταλλάξῃ τοὺς ἀμφοτέρους	1	Christ reconciles both peoples	“Christ brings the Jews and the Gentiles together in peace”
-EPH	2	16	abc0	figs-metaphor	ἐν ἑνὶ σώματι	1	as one body	The church is often referred to as the body of Christ. Here it is comprised of both Jews and Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+EPH	2	16	abc0	bita-hq	ἐν ἑνὶ σώματι	1	as one body	The church is often referred to as the body of Christ. Here it is comprised of both Jews and Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
 EPH	2	16	bj8x	figs-metonymy	διὰ τοῦ σταυροῦ	1	through the cross	The cross here represents Christ’s death on the cross. Alternate translation: “by means of Christ’s death on the cross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 EPH	2	16	lq3m	figs-metaphor	ἀποκτείνας τὴν ἔχθραν	1	putting to death the hostility	Stopping their hostility is spoken of as if he killed their hostility. By dying on the cross Jesus eliminated the reason for Jews and Gentiles to be hostile toward each other. Neither are now required to live according to the law of Moses. Alternate translation: “stopping them from hating one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EPH	2	17	vhi8			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul tells the Ephesian believers that present Gentile believers are also now made one with the Jewish apostles and prophets; they are a temple for God in the Spirit.
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ EPH	3	5	srn9	figs-activepassive	ὃ ἑτέραις γενεαῖς οὐκ ἐ
 EPH	3	5	eq5u	figs-activepassive	ὡς νῦν ἀπεκαλύφθη…ἐν Πνεύματι	1	But now it has been revealed by the Spirit	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But now the Spirit has revealed it” or “But now the Spirit has made it known” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 EPH	3	5	iux3		τοῖς ἁγίοις ἀποστόλοις αὐτοῦ καὶ προφήταις	1	his apostles and prophets who were set apart for this work	“the apostles and prophets whom God set apart to do this work”
 EPH	3	6	pqy3		εἶναι τὰ ἔθνη, συνκληρονόμα…διὰ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου	1	the Gentiles are fellow heirs…through the gospel	This is the hidden truth Paul began to explain in the previous verse. The Gentiles who receive Christ also receive the same things as the Jewish believers.
-EPH	3	6	y88q	figs-metaphor	σύνσωμα	1	fellow members of the body	The church is often referred to as the body of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+EPH	3	6	y88q	bita-hq	σύνσωμα	1	fellow members of the body	The church is often referred to as the body of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
 EPH	3	6	wxs4		ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	in Christ Jesus	“In Christ Jesus” and similar expressions are metaphors that frequently occur in the New Testament letters. They express the strongest kind of relationship possible between Christ and those who believe in him.
 EPH	3	6	i4h7		διὰ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου	1	through the gospel	Possible meanings are (1) because of the gospel the Gentiles are fellow sharers in the promise or (2) because of the gospel the Gentiles are fellow heirs and members of the body and fellow sharers in the promise.
 EPH	3	8	y97f	figs-metaphor	ἀνεξιχνίαστον	1	unsearchable	unable to be completely known (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ EPH	3	16	z9q5		δῷ ὑμῖν κατὰ τὸ πλοῦτος τῆς δόξη
 EPH	3	16	rgf5		δῷ	1	would grant	“would give”
 EPH	3	17	n87p			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul continues the prayer he began in [Ephesians 3:14](../03/14.md).
 EPH	3	17	wg1v		κατοικῆσαι τὸν Χριστὸν διὰ τῆς πίστεως ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν ἐν ἀγάπῃ, ἐρριζωμένοι καὶ τεθεμελιωμένοι	1	that Christ may live in your hearts through faith, that you will be rooted and grounded in his love	This is the second item for which Paul prays that God will “grant” the Ephesians “according to the riches of his glory.” The first is that they would “be strengthened” ([Ephesians 3:16](../03/16.md)).
-EPH	3	17	q6yy	figs-metonymy	κατοικῆσαι τὸν Χριστὸν διὰ τῆς πίστεως ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν	1	that Christ may live in your hearts through faith	Here “heart” represents a person’s inner being, and “through” expresses the means by which Christ lives within the believer. Christ lives in the hearts of believers because God graciously allows them to have faith. Alternate translation: “that Christ may live within you because you trust in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+EPH	3	17	q6yy	bita-hq	κατοικῆσαι τὸν Χριστὸν διὰ τῆς πίστεως ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν	1	that Christ may live in your hearts through faith	Here “heart” represents a person’s inner being, and “through” expresses the means by which Christ lives within the believer. Christ lives in the hearts of believers because God graciously allows them to have faith. Alternate translation: “that Christ may live within you because you trust in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
 EPH	3	17	g4g1	figs-metaphor	ἐν ἀγάπῃ, ἐρριζωμένοι καὶ τεθεμελιωμένοι	1	that you will be rooted and grounded in his love	Paul speaks of their faith as if it were a tree that has deep roots or a house built on a solid foundation. Alternate translation: “that you will be like a firmly rooted tree and a building built on stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EPH	3	18	cja8		ἵνα ἐξισχύσητε καταλαβέσθαι	1	May you have strength so you can understand	These words can be combined with the words that begin with “faith, that you will be rooted and grounded in his love” in verse 17 in two ways. Possible meanings are (1) “faith. I pray that you will be rooted and grounded in his love so that you have strength and can understand” or (2) “faith so you will be rooted and grounded in his love. I also pray that you will have strength so you can understand”
 EPH	3	18	bkk6		καταλαβέσθαι	1	so you can understand	This is the second item for which Paul bends his knees and prays; the first is that God will grant that they be strengthened ([Ephesians 3:16](../03/16.md)) and that Christ may live in their hearts through faith ([Ephesians 3:17](../03/17.md)). And “understand” is the first thing that Paul prays that the Ephesians themselves will be able to do.
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ EPH	4	1	zxr1	figs-metaphor	ἀξίως περιπατῆσαι τῆς κλήσ
 EPH	4	1	abc5		τῆς κλήσεως ἧς ἐκλήθητε	1	of the calling by which you were called	Here **the calling** refers to the fact that God chose them to be his people. Alternate translation: "because God chose you to be his people"
 EPH	4	2	zs6s		μετὰ πάσης ταπεινοφροσύνης καὶ πραΰτητος	1	to live with great humility and gentleness and patience	“to learn to be humble, gentle, and patient”
 EPH	4	3	pi5c		τηρεῖν τὴν ἑνότητα τοῦ Πνεύματος ἐν τῷ συνδέσμῳ τῆς εἰρήνης	1	to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace	Here Paul speaks of “peace” as if it were a bond that ties people together. This is a metaphor for being united with other people by living peacefully with them. Alternate translation: “to live peacefully with one another and remain united as the Spirit made possible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-EPH	4	4	x5kv	figs-metaphor	ἓν σῶμα	1	one body	The church is often referred to as the body of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+EPH	4	4	x5kv	bita-hq	ἓν σῶμα	1	one body	The church is often referred to as the body of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
 EPH	4	4	y6ep		ἓν Πνεῦμα	1	one Spirit	“only one Holy Spirit”
 EPH	4	4	b9mr	figs-activepassive	ἐκλήθητε ἐν μιᾷ ἐλπίδι τῆς κλήσεως ὑμῶν	1	you were called in one certain hope of your calling	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God called you to have one confident hope in your calling” or “there is one thing that God also chose you to be confident in and expect him to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 EPH	4	6	bz5i		Πατὴρ πάντων…ἐπὶ πάντων…διὰ πάντων…ἐν πᾶσιν	1	Father of all…over all…through all…and in all	The word “all” here means “everything.”
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ EPH	4	12	jx12		πρὸς τὸν καταρτισμὸν τῶν ἁγίων	1	t
 EPH	4	12	y9gd		εἰς ἔργον διακονίας	1	for the work of service	“so they can serve others”
 EPH	4	12	n33m	figs-metaphor	εἰς οἰκοδομὴν τοῦ σώματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	for the building up of the body of Christ	Paul is speaking of people who grow spiritually as if they were doing exercises to increase the strength of their physical bodies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 EPH	4	12	pdh4		οἰκοδομὴν	1	building up	“improvement”
-EPH	4	12	x5gd		σώματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	body of Christ	The “body of Christ” refers to all of the individual members of Christ’s Church.
+EPH	4	12	x5gd	bita-hq	σώματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	body of Christ	The “body of Christ” refers to all of the individual members of Christ’s Church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
 EPH	4	13	w1ik		καταντήσωμεν…εἰς τὴν ἑνότητα τῆς πίστεως, καὶ τῆς ἐπιγνώσεως τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	reach the unity of faith and knowledge of the Son of God	The believers need to know Jesus as the Son of God if they are to be united in faith and mature as believers.
 EPH	4	13	er6a		καταντήσωμεν…εἰς τὴν ἑνότητα τῆς πίστεως	1	reach the unity of faith	“become equally strong in faith” or “become united together in faith”
 EPH	4	13	x7k3	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	Son of God	This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
@@ -201,10 +201,10 @@ EPH	4	13	gv6m		τέλειον	1	mature	“fully developed” or “grown up” o
 EPH	4	14	xgi4	figs-metaphor	ὦμεν νήπιοι	1	be children	Paul refers to believers who have not grown spiritually as if they were children who have had very little experience in life. Alternate translation: “be like children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EPH	4	14	ndj2	figs-metaphor	κλυδωνιζόμενοι καὶ περιφερόμενοι παντὶ ἀνέμῳ τῆς διδασκαλίας	1	tossed back and forth…carried away by every wind of teaching	This speaks of a believer who has not become mature and follows wrong teaching as if that believer were a boat that the wind is blowing in different directions on the water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EPH	4	14	r3bj		ἐν τῇ κυβίᾳ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ἐν πανουργίᾳ πρὸς τὴν μεθοδίαν τῆς πλάνης	1	by the trickery of people in their deceitful schemes	“by crafty people who trick believers with clever lies”
-EPH	4	15	zw32	figs-metaphor	εἰς αὐτὸν…ὅς ἐστιν ἡ κεφαλή	1	into him who is the head	Paul uses the human body to describe how Christ causes believers to work together in harmony as the head of a body causes the body parts to work together to grow healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+EPH	4	15	zw32	bita-hq	εἰς αὐτὸν…ὅς ἐστιν ἡ κεφαλή	1	into him who is the head	Paul uses the human body to describe how Christ causes believers to work together in harmony as the head of a body causes the body parts to work together to grow healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
 EPH	4	15	i2ff		ἐν ἀγάπῃ	1	in love	“as the members love one another”
-EPH	4	16	ll7f	figs-metaphor	ἐξ οὗ πᾶν τὸ σῶμα…τὴν αὔξησιν τοῦ σώματος ποιεῖται εἰς οἰκοδομὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἐν ἀγάπῃ	1	Christ builds the whole body…makes the body grow so that it builds itself up in love	Paul uses the human body to describe how Christ causes believers to work together in harmony as the head of a body causes the body parts to work together to grow healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-EPH	4	16	l5r6		διὰ πάσης ἁφῆς τῆς ἐπιχορηγίας	1	by every supporting ligament	A “ligament” is a strong band that connects bones or organs in place in the body.
+EPH	4	16	ll7f	bita-hq	ἐξ οὗ πᾶν τὸ σῶμα…τὴν αὔξησιν τοῦ σώματος ποιεῖται εἰς οἰκοδομὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἐν ἀγάπῃ	1	Christ builds the whole body…makes the body grow so that it builds itself up in love	Paul uses the human body to describe how Christ causes believers to work together in harmony as the head of a body causes the body parts to work together to grow healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
+EPH	4	16	l5r6	bita-hq	διὰ πάσης ἁφῆς τῆς ἐπιχορηγίας	1	by every supporting ligament	A “ligament” is a strong band that connects bones or organs in place in the body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
 EPH	4	17	n5cy			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul tells them what they should no longer do now that they as believers are sealed by the Holy Spirit of God.
 EPH	4	17	ksr8		τοῦτο οὖν λέγω καὶ μαρτύρομαι ἐν Κυρίῳ	1	Therefore, I say and insist on this in the Lord	“Because what I have just said, I will say something more to strongly encourage you because we all belong to the Lord”
 EPH	4	17	wcx2		μηκέτι ὑμᾶς περιπατεῖν, καθὼς καὶ τὰ ἔθνη περιπατεῖ ἐν ματαιότητι τοῦ νοὸς αὐτῶν	1	that you must no longer live as the Gentiles live, in the futility of their minds	“stop living like the Gentiles with their worthless thoughts”
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ EPH	4	18	lab7	figs-metaphor	ἐσκοτωμένοι τῇ διανοίᾳ	1	They
 EPH	4	18	w69u	figs-activepassive	ἀπηλλοτριωμένοι τῆς ζωῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ, διὰ τὴν ἄγνοιαν τὴν οὖσαν ἐν αὐτοῖς	1	alienated from the life of God because of the ignorance that is in them	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Because they do not know God, they cannot live the way God wants his people to live” or “They have cut themselves off from the life of God by their ignorance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 EPH	4	18	w235		ἀπηλλοτριωμένοι	1	alienated	“cut off” or “separated”
 EPH	4	18	s1uz		ἄγνοιαν	1	ignorance	“lack of knowledge” or “lack of information”
-EPH	4	18	k8qv	figs-metonymy	διὰ τὴν πώρωσιν τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶν	1	because of the hardness of their hearts	Here “hearts” is a metaphor for people’s minds. The phrase “hardness of their hearts” is a metaphor that means “stubbornness.” Alternate translation: “because they are stubborn” or “because they refuse to listen to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+EPH	4	18	k8qv	bita-hq	διὰ τὴν πώρωσιν τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶν	1	because of the hardness of their hearts	Here “hearts”represents people’s minds. The phrase “hardness of their hearts” is a metaphor that means “stubbornness.” Alternate translation: “because they are stubborn” or “because they refuse to listen to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EPH	4	19	ldy8	figs-metaphor	ἑαυτοὺς παρέδωκαν τῇ ἀσελγείᾳ	1	have handed themselves over to sensuality	Paul speaks of these people as if they were objects that they themselves were giving to other people, and he speaks of the way they want to satisfy their physical desires as if it were the person to whom they give themselves. Alternate translation: “only want to satisfy their physical desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EPH	4	20	e5vk		ὑμεῖς δὲ οὐχ οὕτως ἐμάθετε τὸν Χριστόν	1	But that is not how you learned about Christ	The word “that” refers to the way the Gentiles live, as described in [Ephesians 4:17-19](./17.md). This emphasizes that what the believers learned about Christ was the opposite of that. Alternate translation: “But what you learned about Christ was not like that”
 EPH	4	21	hy7r	figs-irony	εἴ γε αὐτὸν ἠκούσατε καὶ ἐν αὐτῷ ἐδιδάχθητε	1	I assume that you have heard…and that you were taught	Paul knows that the Ephesians have heard and been taught. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ EPH	4	23	jy7h	figs-activepassive	ἀνανεοῦσθαι…τῷ πνεύματ
 EPH	4	24	x41y		ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ καὶ ὁσιότητι τῆς ἀληθείας	1	in true righteousness and holiness	“truly righteous and holy”
 EPH	4	24	abc7	figs-metaphor	ἐνδύσασθαι τὸν καινὸν ἄνθρωπον	1	to put on the new man	Here seeking to have the character qualities of the new man is spoken of as if they were putting them on like clothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EPH	4	25	abn8		ἀποθέμενοι τὸ ψεῦδος	1	get rid of lies	“stop telling lies”
-EPH	4	25	zh2g		ἐσμὲν ἀλλήλων μέλη	1	we are members of one another	“we belong to one another” or “we are members of God’s family”
+EPH	4	25	zh2g	bita-hq	ἐσμὲν ἀλλήλων μέλη	1	Alternate translation: “we are members of one another”	Here Paul speaks of the close union of believers with each other as if they were each part of one single body. Alternate translation: “we belong to one another” or “we are all members of God’s family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
 EPH	4	26	w8rw		ὀργίζεσθε, καὶ μὴ ἁμαρτάνετε	1	Be angry and do not sin	“You may get angry, but do not sin” or “If you become angry, do not sin”
 EPH	4	26	ki7p	figs-metonymy	ὁ ἥλιος μὴ ἐπιδυέτω ἐπὶ παροργισμῷ ὑμῶν	1	Do not let the sun go down on your anger	The sun going down represents nightfall, or the end of the day. Alternate translation: “You must stop being angry before night comes” or “Let go of your anger before the day ends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 EPH	4	27	w71s		μηδὲ δίδοτε τόπον τῷ διαβόλῳ	1	Do not give an opportunity to the devil	“Do not give the devil an opportunity to lead you into sin”
@@ -255,10 +255,11 @@ EPH	5	6	px7p		κενοῖς λόγοις	1	empty words	words that have no truth
 EPH	5	8	wy9d	figs-metaphor	ἦτε γάρ ποτε σκότος	1	For you were once darkness	Just as one cannot see in the dark, so people who love to sin lack spiritual understanding. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EPH	5	8	iw4q	figs-metaphor	νῦν δὲ φῶς ἐν Κυρίῳ	1	but now you are light in the Lord	Just as one can see in the light, so people whom God has saved understand how to please God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EPH	5	8	l6ki	figs-metaphor	ὡς τέκνα φωτὸς περιπατεῖτε	1	Walk as children of light	Walking on a path is a metaphor for how a person lives his life. Alternate translation: “Live as people who understand what the Lord wants them to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-EPH	5	8	abc5	figs-simile	ὡς τέκνα φωτὸς	1	as children of light	God desires us to imitate or follow him since we are his spiritual children. Alternate translation: “as God's children who know the truth” or “because you are God's children and see the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
+EPH	5	8	abc9	figs-simile	ὡς τέκνα φωτὸς	1	as children of light	God desires us to imitate or follow him since we are his spiritual children. Alternate translation: “as God's children who know the truth” or “because you are God's children and see the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
 EPH	5	9	q194	figs-metaphor	ὁ…καρπὸς τοῦ φωτὸς ἐν πάσῃ ἀγαθωσύνῃ, καὶ δικαιοσύνῃ, καὶ ἀληθείᾳ	1	the fruit of the light consists in all goodness, righteousness, and truth	“Fruit” here is a metaphor for “result” or “outcome.” Alternate translation: “the result of living in the light is good work, right living, and truthful behavior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EPH	5	11	zdu1	figs-metaphor	μὴ συνκοινωνεῖτε τοῖς ἔργοις τοῖς ἀκάρποις τοῦ σκότους	1	Do not associate with the unfruitful works of darkness	Paul speaks of the useless, sinful things that unbelievers do as if they are evil deeds people do in the dark so no one will see them. Alternate translation: “Do not do useless, sinful things with unbelievers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EPH	5	11	v4d1	figs-metaphor	ἔργοις τοῖς ἀκάρποις	1	unfruitful works	actions that do nothing good, useful, or profitable. Paul is comparing evil actions to an unhealthy tree that produces nothing good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+EPH	5	11	abc8	figs-metaphor	τοῖς ἔργοις τοῖς ἀκάρποις τοῦ σκότους	1	the unfruitful works of darkness	 The word **darkness** is often used to represent sin. In this instance, these works result from sinful motives. Alternate translation: "deeds that are worthless because they were done from sinful motives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EPH	5	11	hpl2	figs-metaphor	ἐλέγχετε	1	expose them	Speaking against the works of darkness is spoken of as bringing them out into the light so that people can see them. Alternate translation: “bring them out into the light” or “uncover them” or “show and tell people how wrong these actions are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EPH	5	13	sp1z			0	General Information:	It is unknown if this quotation is a combination of quotations from the prophet Isaiah or a quotation from a hymn sung by the believers.
 EPH	5	13	vqi7	figs-metaphor	πᾶν…τὸ φανερούμενον φῶς ἐστιν	1	anything that becomes visible is light	“people can clearly see everything that comes into the light.” Paul makes this general statement in order to imply that God’s Word shows people’s actions to be good or bad. The Bible often speaks of God’s truth as if it were light that could reveal the character of something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -276,11 +277,11 @@ EPH	5	19	egk6	figs-merism	ψαλμοῖς, καὶ ὕμνοις, καὶ ᾠδ
 EPH	5	19	n5jj		ψαλμοῖς	1	psalms	These are probably songs from the Old Testament book of Psalms that Christians sang.
 EPH	5	19	g5ss		ὕμνοις	1	hymns	These are songs of praise and worship that may have been written specifically for Christians to sing.
 EPH	5	19	v9ay	figs-doublet	ᾠδαῖς πνευματικαῖς	1	spiritual songs	Possible meanings are (1) these are songs that Holy Spirit inspires a person to sing right at that moment or (2) “spiritual songs” and “hymns” are doublets and mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
-EPH	5	19	v3ql	figs-metonymy	τῇ καρδίᾳ ὑμῶν	1	with all your heart	Here “heart” is a metonym for a person’s thoughts or inner being. The phrase “with all your heart” means to do something with enthusiasm. Alternate translation: “with all of your being” or “enthusiastically” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
-EPH	5	20	e6w5		ἐν ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ	“because you belong to our Lord Jesus Christ” or “as people who belong to our Lord Jesus Christ”
+EPH	5	19	v3ql	bita-hq	τῇ καρδίᾳ ὑμῶν	1	with all your heart	Here “heart” is a metonym for a person’s thoughts or inner being. The phrase “with all your heart” means to do something with enthusiasm. Alternate translation: “with all of your being” or “enthusiastically” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
+EPH	5	20	e6w5	bita-hq	ἐν ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ	Here **name** may represent (1) Jesus himself or (2) the authority of Jesus. Alternate translation: “because you belong to our Lord Jesus Christ” or “with the authority of our Lord Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]]) 
 EPH	5	22	isd7			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul begins to explain how Christians are to submit themselves to one another ([Ephesians 5:21](../05/21.md)). He starts with instructions to wives and husbands on how they should act toward each other.
-EPH	5	23	x637	figs-metaphor	κεφαλὴ τῆς γυναικὸς…κεφαλὴ τῆς ἐκκλησίας	1	the head of the wife…the head of the church	The word “head” represents the leader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-EPH	5	23	abc1	figs-metaphor	τοῦ σώματος	1	the body	The church is often referred to as the body of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+EPH	5	23	x637	bita-hq	κεφαλὴ τῆς γυναικὸς…κεφαλὴ τῆς ἐκκλησίας	1	the head of the wife…the head of the church	The word “head” represents the leader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
+EPH	5	23	abc1	bita-hq	τοῦ σώματος	1	the body	The church is often referred to as the body of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
 EPH	5	25	sx8d			0	General Information:	Here the words “himself” and “he” refer to Christ. The word “her” refers to the church.
 EPH	5	25	sm9e		ἀγαπᾶτε τὰς γυναῖκας	1	love your wives	Here “love” refers to unselfish serving or giving love to wives.
 EPH	5	25	i24y		ἑαυτὸν παρέδωκεν	1	gave himself up	“allowed people to kill him”
@@ -291,7 +292,7 @@ EPH	5	27	d1sm	figs-metaphor	μὴ ἔχουσαν σπίλον, ἢ ῥυτίδ
 EPH	5	27	jvi4	figs-doublet	ἁγία καὶ ἄμωμος	1	holy and without fault	The phrase “without fault” means basically the same thing as “holy.” Paul uses the two together to emphasize the church’s purity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
 EPH	5	28	wp8b	figs-explicit	ὡς τὰ ἑαυτῶν σώματα	1	as their own bodies	That people love their own bodies may be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “as husbands love their own bodies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 EPH	5	29	h5aa		ἀλλὰ ἐκτρέφει	1	but nourishes	“but feeds”
-EPH	5	30	h44f	figs-metaphor	μέλη ἐσμὲν τοῦ σώματος αὐτοῦ	1	we are members of his body	Here Paul speaks of the close union of believers with Christ as if they were part of his own body, for which he would naturally care. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+EPH	5	30	h44f	bita-hq	μέλη ἐσμὲν τοῦ σώματος αὐτοῦ	1	we are members of his body	Here Paul speaks of the close union of believers with Christ as if they were part of his own body, for which he would naturally care. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
 EPH	5	31	yp23			0	General Information:	The quotation is from the writings of Moses in the Old Testament.
 EPH	5	31	yp24			0	General Information:	The words “his” and “himself” refer to a male believer who marries.
 EPH	6	intro	r7c3			0		# Ephesians 06 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Slavery<br>Paul does not write in this chapter about whether slavery is good or bad. Paul teaches about working to please God whether as a slave or as a master. What Paul teaches here about slavery would have been surprising. In his time, masters were not expected to treat their slaves with respect and not threaten them.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Armor of God<br>This extended metaphor describes how Christians can protect themselves when spiritually attacked. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -303,7 +304,7 @@ EPH	6	4	ytg5	figs-abstractnouns	ἐκτρέφετε αὐτὰ ἐν παιδε
 EPH	6	5	r29d		ὑπακούετε	1	be obedient to	“obey.” This is a command.
 EPH	6	5	s1pq	figs-doublet	φόβου καὶ τρόμου	1	deep respect and trembling	The phrase “deep respect and trembling” uses two similar ideas to emphasize the importance of honoring their masters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 EPH	6	5	z6xx	figs-hyperbole	καὶ τρόμου	1	and trembling	Here “trembling” is an exaggeration used to emphasize how important it is that slaves obey their masters. Alternate translation: “and fear” or “as though you were shaking with fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
-EPH	6	5	pd6z	figs-metonymy	ἐν ἁπλότητι τῆς καρδίας ὑμῶν	1	in the honesty of your heart	Here “heart” is a metonym for a person’s mind or intentions. Alternate translation: “with honesty” or “with sincerity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+EPH	6	5	pd6z	bita-hq	ἐν ἁπλότητι τῆς καρδίας ὑμῶν	1	in the honesty of your heart	Here “heart” is a metonym for a person’s mind or intentions. Alternate translation: “with honesty” or “with sincerity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
 EPH	6	6	l9ve		ὡς δοῦλοι Χριστοῦ	1	as slaves of Christ	Serve your earthly master as though your earthly master were Christ himself.
 EPH	6	6	u5fn	figs-metonymy	ἐκ ψυχῆς	1	from your heart	Here “heart” is a metonym for “thoughts” or “intentions.” Alternate translation: “with sincerity” or “enthusiastically” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 EPH	6	7	h45y	figs-metonymy	μετ’ εὐνοίας δουλεύοντες	1	Serve with all your heart	Here “heart” is a metonym for “thoughts” or “inner being.” Alternate translation: “Serve with all of your being” or “Be completely dedicated when you serve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@@ -321,7 +322,7 @@ EPH	6	13	cy9h	figs-metaphor	ἵνα δυνηθῆτε ἀντιστῆναι ἐ
 EPH	6	14	r5m7	figs-metaphor	στῆτε οὖν	1	Stand, therefore	The words “stand” represents successfully resisting or fighting something. See how you translated “stand firm” in [Ephesians 6:13](../06/13.md). “So resist evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EPH	6	14	lbd4	figs-metaphor	τὴν ὀσφὺν ὑμῶν ἐν ἀληθείᾳ	1	the belt of truth	Truth holds everything together for a believer just as a belt holds the clothing of a soldier together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EPH	6	14	zt21		ἀληθείᾳ…δικαιοσύνης	1	truth…righteousness	We are to know the truth and act in ways that please God.
-EPH	6	14	abc7	figs-metaphor	ἐνδυσάμενοι τὸν θώρακα τῆς δικαιοσύνης	1	having put on the breastplate of righteousness	Christians trusting in righteousness is spoken of as if they were soldiers putting on a breastplate to protect himself from enemy attacks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+EPH	6	14	abca	figs-metaphor	ἐνδυσάμενοι τὸν θώρακα τῆς δικαιοσύνης	1	having put on the breastplate of righteousness	Christians trusting in righteousness is spoken of as if they were soldiers putting on a breastplate to protect himself from enemy attacks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EPH	6	14	ij1q	figs-metaphor	τὸν θώρακα τῆς δικαιοσύνης	1	the breastplate of righteousness	Possible meanings are (1) the gift of righteousness covers a believer’s heart just as a breastplate protects the chest of a soldier or (2) our living as God wants us, gives us a clear conscience that protects our hearts the way a breastplate protects a soldier’s chest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EPH	6	15	f6w1	figs-metaphor	καὶ ὑποδησάμενοι τοὺς πόδας ἐν ἑτοιμασίᾳ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου τῆς εἰρήνης	1	Then as shoes for your feet, put on the readiness to proclaim the gospel of peace	Just as a soldier wears shoes to give him solid footing, the believer must have solid knowledge of the gospel of peace in order to be ready to proclaim it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 EPH	6	16	n65c	figs-metaphor	ἐν πᾶσιν ἀναλαβόντες τὸν θυρεὸν τῆς πίστεως	1	In all circumstances take up the shield of faith	The believer must use the faith that God gives for protection when the devil attacks, just as a soldier uses a shield to protect him from enemy attacks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
@@ -339,6 +340,6 @@ EPH	6	20	wx9k	figs-metonymy	ὑπὲρ οὗ πρεσβεύω ἐν ἁλύσε
 EPH	6	20	pmm2	figs-explicit	ἵνα ἐν αὐτῷ παρρησιάσωμαι, ὡς δεῖ με λαλῆσαι	1	so that I may declare it boldly, as I ought to speak	The word “pray” is understood from verse 19. Alternate translation: “so pray that whenever I teach the gospel, I will speak it as boldly as I should” or “pray that I may speak the gospel as boldly as I should” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 EPH	6	21	cxs9	translate-names	Τυχικὸς	1	Tychicus	Tychicus was one of several men who served with Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
 EPH	6	21	abc2	figs-metaphor	ἀδελφὸς	1	brother	Paul speaks of Tychicus as if he were a brother to all the other believers who were in God's spiritual family, (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
-EPH	6	22	nv5m	figs-metonymy	ἵνα…παρακαλέσῃ τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν	1	so that he may encourage your hearts	Here “hearts” is a metonym for people’s inner beings. Alternate translation: “so that he may encourage you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+EPH	6	22	nv5m	bita-hq	ἵνα…παρακαλέσῃ τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν	1	so that he may encourage your hearts	Here “hearts” is a metonym for people’s inner beings. Alternate translation: “so that he may encourage you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
 EPH	6	23	j395			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul closes his letter to the Ephesian believers with a blessing of peace and grace on all believers who love Christ.
 EPH	6	23	abc3	figs-metaphor	ἀδελφοῖς	1	brothers	Paul speaks of the other believers as if they were brother to all the other believers who were in God's spiritual family, (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])