Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
EST	front	intro	d989			0		# Introduction to Esther<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of Esther<br><br>1. King Ahasuerus sends away his wife, the queen (1:1–22)<br>1. Ahasuerus chooses Esther as the new queen (2:1–23)<br>1. Haman plots to destroy the Jews (3:1–15)<br>1. Mordecai asks Esther to help her people (4:1–17)<br>1. Esther pleads with the king for the Jews (5:1–7:10)<br>1. The result of Haman’s plot to destroy the Jews (8:1–9:16)<br>1. The Feast of Purim (9:17–32)<br>1. Conclusion (10:1–3)<br><br>### What is the Book of Esther about?<br><br>The Book of Esther tells how a young Jewish woman named Esther became the queen of Persia. As queen, she worked to save all the Jews in the Persian Empire from being destroyed.<br><br>This book ends by telling why the Jews celebrate the festival of Purim. The name “Purim” comes from the word “pur.” It means “lots” or “dice.” Haman, the enemy of Jews, threw dice to choose when to attack and destroy the Jews. The Jews celebrate Purim to remember how Yahweh rescued his people from being destroyed.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators can use the traditional title of this book, which is “The Book of Esther” or just “Esther.” Or they can choose a clearer title, such as “The Book About Esther.”<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What was the Persian Empire?<br><br>King Cyrus the Great conquered and ruled over many kingdoms. This was in the part of the world called Persia, which is now Iran. So people named his kingdom the Persian Empire. When Cyrus conquered Babylonia in 539 B.C., he then controlled the Jews whom the Babylonians had exiled.<br><br>### Why were there Jews in Babylonia when the Persians conquered it?<br><br>In 586 B.C., the Babylonians conquered and took into exile the people of Judah. These Jews and their descendants were still in Babylon when the Persians conquered it.<br><br>### What was meant by “the laws of the Medes and Persians”?<br><br>The phrase “the laws of the Medes and Persians” is found in Esther 1:19 and Daniel 6:12. It referred to laws and decrees that could not be changed or removed once they were issued.  In the book of Esther, the king made a decree that the people could attack the Jews. Later he regretted that decision but he was not able to change the decree.<br><br>The term “Medes” refers to a people group that had formed its own nation, but the Persians conquered them.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### What different levels of language are in the Book of Esther?<br><br>In the Book of Esther, people talk to each other in many different situations. There is the polite and stately talk in the Persian court and the words of royal decrees. Friends and close relatives also talk to each other. There are even the words that one uses in speaking to oneself. Translators should use all the ways their own language has to express these different situations in a way that their readers will identify and understand.<br>
EST	1	intro	v1fp			0		# Esther 01 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The king’s divorce<br><br>The king’s advisers were afraid that husbands would lose their authority when they heard the queen had refused to come to show her beauty to the king’s guests; so the advisers told him to divorce her.<br>
EST	1	1	zzz2			0	In the days of Ahasuerus	“In the time of Ahasuerus” or “When Ahasuerus was ruling as king”
EST	1	1	v5ts	writing-background		0	this is Ahasuerus who reigned from India as far as Cush, over 127 provinces	This is background information to help the reader identify Ahasuerus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
EST	1	1	k8tn			0	provinces	A province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government.
EST	1	2	dk31	figs-metonymy		0	sat on his royal throne	Here “royal throne” may refer to his rule over the kingdom. Alternate translation: “ruled the empire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST	1	2	wf72			0	fortress	This refers to a castle, stronghold or fortified city.
EST	1	2	hgm3	translate-names		0	Susa	This was a royal city of Persian kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	1	3	ry7m	translate-numbers		0	In the third year of his reign	“After he had ruled for 2 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EST	1	3	prm1	figs-synecdoche		0	The army	This likely refers to the leaders of the army. Alternate translation: “The officers of the army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EST	1	4	m8xa	figs-doublet		0	the wealth of the splendor of his kingdom	These words have similar meaning and emphasize how great his kingdom was. Alternate translation: “the great wealth of his kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EST	1	4	lun5	figs-doublet		0	the honor of the glory of his greatness	These words have similar meaning and emphasize how great he was. Alternate translation: “the splendor of his greatness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EST	1	4	x1v6	translate-numbers		0	180 days	“one hundred and eighty days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EST	1	5	ue3x			0	When these days were completed	“At the end of that feast”
EST	1	5	fv9y			0	a feast lasting seven days	This was a second feast that was only for the officials in Susa. Alternate translation: “another feast that lasted seven days”
EST	1	5	eb65			0	fortress	This refers to a castle, stronghold or fortified city.See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
EST	1	5	mj16	translate-names		0	Susa	See how you translated the name of this place in [Esther 1:2](../01/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	1	6	asn4			0	a mosaic pavement	A “mosaic” consists of colored stones arranged in an attractive pattern.
EST	1	6	eyi2			0	porphyry	This is a kind of red and purple rock that contained pieces of crystal.
EST	1	7	urm7	figs-activepassive		0	Drinks were served in golden cups	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The guests drank wine from gold cups” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	1	7	r6ec			0	there was much royal wine that came because of the king’s generosity	“the king was very generous with the royal wine”
EST	1	7	wpq1			0	generosity	“great willingness to give”
EST	1	8	g5gu			0	There must be no compulsion	“No one must be forced to drink”
EST	1	8	f6px			0	king had given orders to all the officials of his palace to do according to the desire of each man	This statement means that the king told his workers to give all the guests as much wine as they wanted.
EST	1	10	jv7z	translate-numbers		0	On the seventh day	“After 6 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EST	1	10	le6l	figs-synecdoche		0	the king’s heart was feeling happy because of the wine	Here “heart” refers to the king, and “feeling happy” is an idiom that means he was drunk. Alternate translation: “the king was drunk with wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST	1	10	dcb2	translate-names		0	Mehuman, Biztha, Harbona, Bigtha, Abagtha, Zethar, and Karkas	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	1	10	ens5	writing-background		0	the seven officials who served before him	This is background information to explain who these men were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
EST	1	11	qvk4			0	her features were stunning	“she was very beautiful”
EST	1	12	b57q	figs-activepassive		0	at the word of the king that had been brought to her by the officials	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when the king’s officials told her about his command” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	1	12	kp6p			0	at the word	“at the command”
EST	1	12	bsd5	figs-metaphor		0	his rage burned within him	The intensity of the king’s anger is spoken of as if it was a fire that burned inside him. Alternate translation: “his rage was as intense as a fire inside him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST	1	13	g9fe			0	who understood the times	“who understood the things that happened in their lives”
EST	1	13	x2u7	writing-background		0	for this was the king’s procedure toward all who were expert in law and judgment	This background information explains why the king called these men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
EST	1	14	cc44	translate-names		0	Karshena, Shethar, Admatha, Tarshish, Meres, Marsena, and Memukan	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	1	15	j6sh	figs-explicit		0	In compliance with the law…by the officials?	It may be helpful to state who asked this question. Alternate translation: The king said to them, “In compliance with the law…by the officials?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST	1	15	ics9			0	In compliance with the law	“In observance of the law” or “In obedience to the law”
EST	1	16	ss5y	translate-names		0	Memukan	Translate his name as in [Esther 1:14](../01/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	1	16	yqr8	figs-hyperbole		0	all the officials and all the people…all the provinces	These are exaggerations to emphasize the damage that the queen’s refusal caused. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
EST	1	16	ecp2			0	provinces	a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
EST	1	17	gn4g	figs-hyperbole		0	all women	This is an exaggeration to emphasize the damage that the queen’s refusal caused. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
EST	1	18	u6d7			0	There will be much contempt and anger	“They will be angry with their husbands and treat them with contempt”
EST	1	19	j7p1			0	Connecting Statement:	Meremoth continues to answer the king.
EST	1	19	d8qk	figs-123person		0	If it pleases the king…from him…before him…Let the king	Meremoth speaks to the king in third person as a form of respect. Alternate translation: “If it pleases you…from you…before you…Please” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EST	1	19	mh1a	figs-activepassive		0	which cannot be repealed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which no one can change” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	1	20	des3	figs-123person		0	the king’s decree…his vast kingdom	Meremoth speaks to the king in third person as a form of respect. Alternate translation: “your decree…your vast kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EST	1	20	v9l3	figs-activepassive		0	When the king’s decree is proclaimed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When they hear the king’s decree” or “When they hear what you have commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	1	20	p8nz			0	vast	very wide
EST	1	20	be9r	figs-merism		0	from the greatest to the least significant	This is a merism that refers to both extremes and everyone in between. This probably refers to the husbands, but it is possible that it refers to the wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
EST	1	21	p5us	translate-names		0	Memukan	Translate his name as in [Esther 1:14](../01/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	1	22	n1pr			0	province	A province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
EST	1	22	jj9n			0	every man should be master of his own household	“all men should have complete authority over their wives and their children”
EST	1	22	e481	figs-activepassive		0	This decree was given	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They wrote this decree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	2	intro	eb4q			0		# Esther 02 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Esther becomes queen<br><br>Esther was humble and took the advice of the royal officials about how to dress for her time with the king.  The king chose Esther to be the new queen.<br><br>### Mordecai warns the king against a plot<br><br>Esther’s cousin, Mordecai, discovered that two men planned to kill the king. He told Esther, who then told the king. She also gave Mordecai credit for telling her.<br>
EST	2	1	dpc3	writing-newevent		0	After these things	This introduces a new event that happened a while later. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
EST	2	1	e4lp			0	the anger of King Ahasuerus subsided	“the king became less angry”
EST	2	1	xpt9			0	the decree	This is refers to the decree in [Esther 1:19-20](../01/19.md).
EST	2	2	s4hv	figs-activepassive		0	Let a search be made	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Tell your servants to search” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	2	2	abt8	figs-123person		0	on the king’s behalf	The men speak to the king in the third person as a sign of respect. Alternate translation: “on your behalf” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EST	2	3	lu87			0	Connecting Statement:	The young servants continue to speak to the king.
EST	2	3	g9vp	figs-123person		0	Let the king…the king’s official	The servants spoke to the king in third person as a sign of respect. Alternate translation: “You should…your official” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EST	2	3	f1hs			0	provinces	A province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
EST	2	3	j4ka			0	harem	where the wives of a man with many wives live
EST	2	3	my1y			0	the fortress	This refers to a castle, stronghold or fortified city. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:2](../01/02.md).
EST	2	3	xqf9	translate-names		0	Susa	See how you translated the name of this place in [Esther 1:2](../01/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	2	3	d754	figs-activepassive		0	Let them be put under the care of Hegai, the king’s official, who is in charge of the women	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Let Hegai, the king’s official, who is in charge of the women, take care of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	2	3	lf71	translate-names		0	Hegai	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	2	3	w1ly			0	their cosmetics	A “cosmetic” is a substance such as a cream, lotion, or powder that women usually put on their face or body to improve their appearance.
EST	2	4	lh3n	figs-123person		0	pleases the king	The servants spoke to the king in third person as a sign of respect. Alternate translation: “pleases you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EST	2	5	h6z2	writing-participants		0	There was a certain Jew	This introduces Mordecai as a new character in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
EST	2	5	uu9i	translate-names		0	Susa	Translate the name of this city as in [Esther 1:2](../01/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	2	5	q2rz	translate-names		0	son of Jair son of Shimei son of Kish	“Jair,” “Shimei,” and “Kish” are men from whom “Mordecai” is the male descendant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	2	5	kw5t			0	a Benjamite	“of the tribe of Benjamin”
EST	2	6	egm7	writing-background		0	He had been taken away…king of Babylonia carried away	This background information explains how Mordecai came to live in Susa. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia carried him and other exiles away along with Jehoiachin, king of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	2	6	z7fe			0	He had been taken away from Jerusalem	The Hebrew text leaves unclear who is being spoken of here. It is perhaps Kish, who seems to have been the great-grandfather of Mordecai. If it was Mordecai himself, then he would be extremely old at the time of the events concerning Esther. Many modern versions leave this matter unclear. A few versions, including the UST, choose to assume that it was Mordecai who had been taken away from Jerusalem.
EST	2	6	ch1t	translate-names		0	Jehoiachin, king of Judah	(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	2	7	skt5	writing-background		0		This continues the background information about Mordecai and explains his relationship to Esther. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
EST	2	7	m9kx	translate-names		0	Hadassah	This is Esther’s Hebrew name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	2	7	hfm9			0	his uncle’s daughter	“his cousin”
EST	2	7	ccb1			0	she had neither father nor mother	“her father and mother had died”
EST	2	7	jl3y			0	took her as his own daughter	“cared for her as if she was his own daughter”
EST	2	8	c52i	figs-activepassive		0	When the king’s order and decree were proclaimed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “After the king commanded that they search for some beautiful women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	2	8	qz1y			0	proclaimed	“announced”
EST	2	8	m3ld	figs-activepassive		0	many young women were brought	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they brought many young women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	2	8	mbk1	figs-activepassive		0	They were put under Hegai’s care	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Hegai began to take care of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	2	8	n3zc	figs-activepassive		0	Esther also was taken into the king’s palace and put under the care of Hegai, the overseer of the women	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Hegai, the overseer of the women, also began to take care of Esther when they brought her to the king’s palace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	2	8	a7n7			0	palace	See how you translated this in [Esther 1:5](../01/05.md).
EST	2	9	wqb3	figs-doublet		0	The young girl pleased him, and she found favor with him	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how much she pleased him. Alternate translation: “The young girl greatly pleased him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EST	2	9	f8i8			0	The young girl	“Esther”
EST	2	11	nz1p			0	about Esther’s welfare	“how Esther was doing” or “about Esther’s well-being”
EST	2	12	jcj8	writing-background		0	General Information:	Verses 12-14 are background information about the customs for the women who became the king’s wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
EST	2	12	p7i5			0	complying with the regulations for the women	“acting in accordance with the requirements for the women”
EST	2	12	zhd1			0	beauty treatments	Things done to make the girls look more beautiful and smell good.
EST	2	13	v133	figs-activepassive		0	whatever she desired was given to her	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “she could take whatever she desired” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	2	13	te4h			0	palace	See how you translated this in [Esther 1:5](../01/05.md).
EST	2	14	leb8	writing-background		0		This continues the background information that began in [Esther 2:12](../02/12.md) about the customs for the women who became the king’s wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
EST	2	14	ded5	figs-explicit		0	in the morning	It is implied that this is the following morning. This information can be made clear. Alternate translation: “the next morning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST	2	14	lq9h	translate-numbers		0	second house	“a different house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EST	2	14	yw63			0	to the custody of Shaashgaz,…concubines	“to where Shaashgaz,…concubines would take care of her”
EST	2	14	ze74			0	custody	“supervision” or “protection”
EST	2	14	q5yx	translate-names		0	Shaashgaz	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	2	15	fiy8	writing-newevent		0	Now when the time came	This introduces a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
EST	2	15	jk51	writing-newevent		0	daughter of Abihail, the uncle of Mordecai, who had taken her as his own daughter	This background information reminds the reader of Esther’s relationship to Mordecai. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
EST	2	15	mg8y	translate-names		0	Abihail	Esther’s father and Mordecai’s uncle (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	2	15	qx3u			0	she did not ask for anything but what	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “she asked only for what”
EST	2	15	vw9r	translate-names		0	Hegai	See how you translated this man’s name in [Esther 2:3](../02/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	2	15	z519	figs-idiom		0	received the favor of all	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “pleased all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST	2	16	jr5s	translate-hebrewmonths		0	the tenth month, which is the month of Tebeth	“Tebeth” is the name of the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part December and the first part January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	2	16	x6yg	translate-ordinal		0	seventh year	“year number 7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EST	2	17	p3s7			0	The king loved	This is the romantic use of the word “love.”
EST	2	17	bcu8	figs-idiom		0	received acceptance and favor before him	These idioms mean the same thing and emphasize how much the Esther pleased the king. Alternate translation: “greatly pleased him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EST	2	17	sym3	translate-symaction		0	set the royal crown on her head	The king did this to show that he was making her his queen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EST	2	18	b1hd	figs-explicit		0	“Esther’s feast,”	It may be helpful to state that this is the name of the feast. Alternate translation: “he called it, ‘Esther’s feast,’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST	2	18	ufm8			0	he granted relief from taxation to the provinces	“he collected fewer taxes from the provinces than he had been collecting”
EST	2	18	n5cv			0	provinces	A province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
EST	2	18	n3vx			0	royal generosity	“generosity that only a king can give”
EST	2	19	g38f			0	when the virgins had been gathered together a second time	It is unclear when this second gathering happened, and why. Therefore some versions have altered the text somewhat. It is probably best to translate it as it is written.
EST	2	19	p842	translate-numbers		0	a second time	“one more time” or “an additional time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EST	2	19	a23f			0	Mordecai was sitting at the king’s gate	Possible meanings are 1) Mordecai sat there so he could hear how Esther was doing from the many people who passed through the gate or 2) “sitting at the king’s gate” is an idiom that means Mordecai was given a position of authority by the king.
EST	2	19	i8in			0	the king’s gate	“the gate to the king’s palace”
EST	2	20	fb39			0	as Mordecai had instructed her	Mordecai told her not to tell anyone about her family.
EST	2	21	vi16	writing-newevent		0	In those days	This introduces a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
EST	2	21	y2vl	translate-names		0	Bigthana and Teresh	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	2	22	y7tv	figs-activepassive		0	When the matter was revealed to Mordecai	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When Mordecai learned about what they were planning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	2	22	dgp3	figs-idiom		0	in the name of Mordecai	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “on behalf of Mordecai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST	2	23	ld4y	figs-activepassive		0	The report was investigated and confirmed, and both the men were hanged	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The king investigated and confirmed the report, and ordered his servants to hang both men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	2	23	y28j	translate-unknown		0	a gallows	This was a structure used for killing people by tying one end of a rope around the top of the structure and the other end of the rope around their necks and hanging them from it. Alternate translation: “a frame for hanging people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EST	2	23	g9nh	figs-activepassive		0	This account was written	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They recorded this account” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	3	intro	zb26			0		# Esther 03 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Haman plots against the Jews<br><br>Mordecai considered prostrating himself before Haman. This would be considered to be worship. It was wrong to worship someone other than Yahweh. Because of this, he refused to do it on religious grounds. This made Haman angry  so he decided to kill all the Jews in the Persian Empire.<br>
EST	3	1	mm4c	writing-newevent		0	After these things	This introduces a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
EST	3	1	ir5v	translate-names		0	Haman son of Hammedatha the Agagite	This is the name and description of Haman, one of the king’s officials. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	3	1	ptm4	figs-idiom		0	placed his seat of authority above all the officials who were with him	Here “seat of authority” represents his position or status in the government. Alternate translation: “promoted him above the other officials” or “gave him more authority than all the other officials” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST	3	2	e25k	translate-symaction		0	knelt…prostrated	These acts represent submission to the authority of Haman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EST	3	2	fg8v			0	prostrated themselves to Haman	“humbled themselves and lay flat on the ground before Haman”
EST	3	4	uek4			0	to see if the matter about Mordecai would remain like that	“to find out what Haman would do about Mordecai’s actions”
EST	3	5	njt5	translate-symaction		0	did not kneel and bow down	Mordecai showed disrespect for Haman’s status in the government by not doing these actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EST	3	5	wk8p	figs-metaphor		0	Haman was filled with rage	Here Haman’s rage is spoken of as something that could fill him up. Alternate translation: “Haman became very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST	3	6	k5h9			0	He had contempt for the idea of killing only Mordecai	“He rejected the idea of killing just Mordecai.” This can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “He decided to kill more than just Mordecai”
EST	3	6	hue9			0	exterminate all the Jews	“get rid of all the Jews” or “kill all the Jews”
EST	3	7	zl12	translate-ordinal		0	In the first month	“In month one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EST	3	7	wyv6	translate-hebrewmonths		0	which is the month of Nisan	“Nisan” is the name of the first month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	3	7	tw99	translate-ordinal		0	in the twelfth year of King Ahasuerus	“in year number 12 of King Ahasuerus” or “when King Ahasuerus had reigned for about twelve years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EST	3	7	g4lt	translate-names		0	the Pur—that is the lot—was thrown	“they cast the Pur—that is the lot—” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	3	7	k3vd	translate-ordinal		0	the twelfth month	“month twelve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EST	3	7	ih4b	translate-hebrewmonths		0	the month of Adar	“Adar” is the name of the twelfth and last month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of February and the first part of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	3	8	aig9			0	a certain people	“a group of people” This refers to the Jews as an ethnic group.
EST	3	8	p4a8			0	scattered and distributed	“who live in many different places”
EST	3	8	id3h			0	provinces	A province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
EST	3	8	r34x	figs-123person		0	the king’s…the king	Haman speaks to the king in the third person as a sign of respect. Alternate translation: “your…you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EST	3	8	bf9g			0	it is not suitable for the king to let them stay	“the king should not let them remain.” This can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “the king should remove them”
EST	3	9	eh3w	figs-synecdoche		0	I will weigh out…into the hands of those	Here “hands” stands for the men. To “weigh out” is an idiom that means to pay them. Alternate translation: “I will pay…to the men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST	3	9	lhv5	translate-bmoney		0	ten thousand talents of silver	“330 metric tons of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EST	3	10	c9md			0	signet ring	a special ring that could be used to imprint the king’s official seal on a proclamation
EST	3	11	sz4b	figs-activepassive		0	I will see that the money is given back to you	The meaning of this phrase is not clear. Possible meanings are 1) “I will return the money to you” or 2) “Take the money and give it to the men just as you have said.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	3	12	hx6c	figs-activepassive		0	the king’s scribes were summoned…a decree containing all that Haman had commanded was written	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the king summoned his scribes…they wrote a decree containing all that Haman had commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	3	12	t6qa	translate-hebrewmonths		0	thirteenth day of the first month	This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The thirteenth day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EST	3	12	th6l			0	king’s provincial governors	“governors of the provinces.” Translate “province” as in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
EST	3	12	lyf2	figs-activepassive		0	It was written in the name of King Ahasuerus and was sealed with his ring	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They wrote the decree in the name of King Ahasuerus and Haman sealed it with the king’s signet ring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	3	12	h6xp	figs-metonymy		0	in the name of	Here “name” represents the authority of the king. Alternate translation: “in the authority of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST	3	13	hxx6	figs-activepassive		0	Documents were hand-delivered by couriers	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Couriers hand-delivered the documents” or “Courtiers gave the documents directly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	3	13	xs6g	figs-doublet		0	annihilate, kill, and destroy	These words mean the same thing and emphasize the completeness of the destruction. Alternate translation: “completely destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EST	3	13	g5br	translate-ordinal		0	thirteenth day of the twelfth month	“day thirteen of month twelve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EST	3	13	i5ur	translate-hebrewmonths		0	which is the month of Adar	“Adar” is the name of the twelfth and last month of the Hebrew calendar. The thirteenth day is near the beginning of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	3	13	pbp1			0	plunder	steal by force
EST	3	14	tj7n	figs-activepassive		0	A copy of the letter was made law in every province	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The officials in every province made a copy of the letter become the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	3	14	vga2			0	province	A province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
EST	3	14	l9w7	figs-activepassive		0	In every province it was made known to all the people	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They told all the people in every province” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	3	14	f6dc			0	this day	“that day”
EST	3	15	i12c	figs-activepassive		0	The decree was also distributed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They also distributed the decree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	3	15	m927			0	the fortress	This refers to a castle, stronghold or fortified city. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:2](../01/02.md).
EST	3	15	nlk8	translate-names		0	Susa	See how you translated the name of this place in [Esther 1:2](../01/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	3	15	wm4u			0	was in turmoil	“was in a state of great confusion”
EST	4	intro	z7u2			0		# Esther 04 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Mordecai warns Esther to act<br><br>Mordecai tells Esther she must beg the king for the Jews’ lives, even if she risks her own death.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Implicit information<br><br>There is implicit information translators may not understand. “Who knows whether you have come to this royal position for such a time as this?”  This means “maybe God made you the queen so you could save the Jews.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
EST	4	1	nya6			0	learned of all that had been done	“found out about those letters”
EST	4	1	vgy8	translate-symaction		0	tore his clothes and put on sackcloth and ashes	These acts are signs of severe sadness. Alternate translation: “tore his clothes and put on sackcloth and ashes to show his grief” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EST	4	3	e73y			0	province	A province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
EST	4	3	e7zx			0	there was great mourning among the Jews	“the Jews mourned greatly”
EST	4	3	djf6			0	Many of them lay in sackcloth and ashes	“Many of them were on the ground, dressed in sackcloth and sitting in ashes”
EST	4	4	q7ll			0	young women and her servants	“female servants and male servants”
EST	4	4	y8bc			0	to clothe Mordecai	“for Mordecai to wear”
EST	4	5	vf4m	translate-names		0	Hathak	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	4	5	lp8m	figs-activepassive		0	one of the king’s officials who had been assigned to serve her	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “one of the officials whom the king had assigned to serve her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	4	6	icg7	translate-names		0	Hathak	See how you translated this man’s name in [Esther 4:5](../04/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	4	6	mgl5			0	the city square	“the city plaza”
EST	4	7	zq3s	translate-names		0	Haman	See how you translated this man’s name in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	4	8	zt49			0	He also gave him	“Mordecai also gave Hathak”
EST	4	8	gds6			0	to beg for his favor	“to beg for the king’s favor”
EST	4	11	d9mh			0	if any man or woman goes to the king…the king holds out the golden scepter	This conditional clause can be expressed as a statement. It may also be helpful to divide it into two sentences. Alternate translation: “no man or woman is allowed to go to the king inside the inner courtyard unless the king summons them. The person who breaks this law will be executed unless the king holds out his golden scepter to him”
EST	4	11	gv1v	translate-numbers		0	thirty days	“30 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EST	4	14	i1uy	figs-personification		0	relief and rescue will rise up for the Jews from another place	Here “relief” and “rescue” are spoken of as if they are living things that can rise up. Alternate translation: “someone else will rise up from another place and rescue the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
EST	4	14	dtg7	figs-rquestion		0	Who knows whether you have come to this royal position for such a time as this?	The purpose of this question is to have Esther think deeply about her role in this situation. Alternate translation: “Who knows, perhaps it was for just for a time like this that you were made queen.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EST	4	16	d6cq	translate-names		0	Susa	See how you translated the name of this place in [Esther 1:2](../01/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	4	16	t2wg	translate-symaction		0	fast for me…will fast	Fasting was a symbolic act that the Jews did when they were praying intensely. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “fast and pray for me…will fast and pray” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EST	4	16	qw8v	translate-numbers		0	three days	“3 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST	5	intro	k5ff			0		# Esther 05 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a section about Haman’s fall (Chapters 5-7).<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Esther’s respect<br>Esther approached the king with the utmost of respect. By doing this, her character became respected by the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
EST	5	1	uk7p			0	facing the entrance to the house	“across the room from the entrance of the house” or “looking toward the entrance to the house”
EST	5	2	pw4x	figs-metaphor		0	she received approval in his eyes	The word “eyes” refers to his sight and is a metaphor for his evaluation of her. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he was pleased with her” or “he approved of her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	5	2	uu8s			0	He held out to her the golden scepter in his hand	He did this to show that he was pleased with her.
EST	5	2	z4mn			0	touched the tip of the scepter	She probably did this to show that she respected his authority and was thankful for his kindness to her.
EST	5	3	c6h7	figs-activepassive		0	Up to half of my kingdom, it will be given to you	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If you ask for up to half of my kingdom, I will give it to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	5	4	m3uy	figs-123person		0	If it pleases the king, let the king and Haman come…for him	In order to show respect to a king, people sometimes did not call him “you.” This can be translated with the word “you” along with other words that show respect. Alternate translation: “O King, if it pleases you, come and bring Haman…for you” or “If you are willing to do this, Sir, come, and let Haman come with you…for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EST	5	4	nx4v	translate-names		0	Haman	See how you translated this man’s name in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	5	6	d5wr	figs-abstractnouns		0	What is your petition	The abstract noun “petition” can be expressed with the verb “ask for” or “want”? Alternate translation: “What do you ask for” or “What do you want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EST	5	6	e2v2	figs-activepassive		0	It will be granted you	This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “I will give you what you ask for” or “I will do for you what you ask” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	5	6	q5nt	figs-abstractnouns		0	What is your request	The abstract noun “request” can be expressed with the verb “ask for” or “want”? Alternate translation: “What do you ask for” or “What do you want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EST	5	6	pj3p	figs-activepassive		0	Up to half of the kingdom, it will be granted	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If you ask for up to half of my kingdom, I will give it to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	5	7	r4aw	figs-doublet		0	My petition and my request	The words “petition” and “request” mean the same thing. She probably used these words together as a way of speaking very formally and respectfully to the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
EST	5	8	c2jy	figs-123person		0	if I have found favor in the eyes of the king and if it pleases the king	In order to show respect to a king, people sometimes did not call him “you.” This can be translated with the word “you” along with other words that show respect. Alternate translation: “if you are pleased with me, O King, and if it pleases you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EST	5	8	c2br	figs-idiom		0	if I have found favor in the eyes of the king	“Find favor” here is an idiom that means be approved of or that he is pleased with her. “In the eyes of the king” is a metaphor representing his evaluation. Alternate translation: “if the king evaluates me and approves” or “if the king is pleased with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST	5	8	x8hf	figs-123person		0	let the king and Haman come	This can be translated with the word “you” along with other words that show respect. Alternate translation: “please come and bring Haman” or “please come and let Haman come with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EST	5	8	gf9b	figs-123person		0	I will answer the king’s question	This can be translated with the word “you” along with other words that show respect. Alternate translation: “I will answer your question” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
EST	5	9	dkg6	translate-symaction		0	Mordecai neither rose up	Rising was a sign of respect. Mordecai did not give Haman special respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EST	5	9	s47u	figs-metaphor		0	he was filled with rage	Being “filled with rage” represents being very angry. Alternate translation: he was extremely angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST	5	10	uc3i			0	Nevertheless	This can be translated with a phrase. “Even though he was so angry”
EST	5	10	v5nl	figs-metaphor		0	Haman restrained himself	Restraining himself represents refusing to do something that he wanted very much to do. Haman wanted to show Mordecai that he was very angry. Alternate translation: “Haman refused to show how angry he was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST	5	10	bcn1	translate-names		0	Zeresh	This is a woman’s name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	5	11	mvm5	figs-abstractnouns		0	Haman recounted to them the splendor of his riches	“Splendor” and “riches” are both abstract nouns. Alternate translation: “Haman told them about how great his wealth was” or “Haman told them about the many great things he owned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EST	5	11	m7fq	figs-abstractnouns		0	all the promotions by which the king honored him	The abstract noun “promotion” can be expressed with the verb “promote.” It means that the king gave him more important work. Alternate translation: “How the king had promoted him many times and honored him” or “how the king had honored him many times by giving him more important work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EST	5	11	b7c5	figs-metaphor		0	how he had advanced above all the officials and the servants of the king	Advancing above people represents becoming more important than them. Alternate translation: “how he had become more important than all the officials and the servants of the king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST	5	12	w1bm			0	no one else but me	This can be expressed positively. Alternate translation: “only me”
EST	5	13	wu84			0	is worth nothing to me	“does not make me happy” or “does not satisfy me”
EST	5	14	i2f3	translate-unknown		0	a gallows	a structure used for killing a person by tying one end of a rope around the top of the structure and the other end of the rope around the person’s neck and hanging him from it. See how you translated this in [Esther 2:23](../02/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EST	5	14	k8zd	translate-numbers		0	fifty cubits high	“50 cubits high.” You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: “twenty-three meters high” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EST	5	14	i8is			0	he had the gallows constructed	“he told people to construct the gallows”
EST	5	14	bbs9			0	This pleased Haman	“Haman liked this idea”
EST	6	intro	i9x7			0		# Esther 06 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues the story of Haman’s fall.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Approaching the king<br>It was not possible for a person to easily approach the king. Normally, access to him was very limited. There are several events in this chapter which show the layers of protection surrounding the king.<br>
EST	6	2	syd9	translate-names		0	Bigthana and Teresh	These are the names of two men. See how your translated their names in [Esther 2:21](../02/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	6	2	u4gi	figs-metaphor		0	It was found recorded there	Here “found” is an metaphor for learning. Both “found” and “recorded” can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “They found that the writers had recorded there” or “They learned that the writers had written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	6	3	lmz6	figs-activepassive		0	What was done to give honor	This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “What did I do to give honor” or “What did we do to give honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	6	3	n2az	figs-activepassive		0	Nothing was done for him	This can be expressed in active form. However it may be good to find a way that does not give the impression that servants were accusing the king. Alternate translation: “No one did anything for Mordecai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	6	4	ys6c			0	Haman	See how you translated this man’s name in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md)
EST	6	4	guv8			0	the outer courtyard	“the first courtyard from the outside”
EST	6	4	vu7p	figs-explicit		0	hanging Mordecai	It can be made clear what the purpose of hanging him was. Alternate translation: “killing Mordecai by hanging him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST	6	4	at53	translate-unknown		0	the gallows he set up for him	The gallows was a structure that was used to kill people by hanging them from it. See how you translated “gallows” in [Esther 5:14](../05/14.md). Alternate translation: “the structure Haman set up for hanging Mordecai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EST	6	4	rg8t			0	set up	“built”
EST	6	6	ky5i	figs-123person		0	What should be done for the man whom the king takes pleasure in honoring	Here the king speaks of himself in the third person. This can be stated in first person and in active form. Alternate translation: “What should I do for the man whom I take pleasure in honoring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	6	6	n3r5	figs-idiom		0	the king takes pleasure in honoring	Taking pleasure in doing something is an idiom for being glad to do something or wanting to do something. Alternate translation: “the king is glad to honor” or “the king wants to honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST	6	6	jh4i	figs-metaphor		0	said in his heart	The heart represents the thoughts and attitudes. Alternate translation: “thought” or “said to himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST	6	6	yft1	figs-rquestion		0	Whom would the king take pleasure in honoring more than me?	This can be expressed as a statement. “Surely there is no one whom the king would take pleasure in honoring more than me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EST	6	8	mz79	figs-activepassive		0	let royal robes be brought	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “let someone bring royal robes” or “tell your servants to bring royal robes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	6	8	r63j			0	on whose head is the royal crest	The word “whose” refers to the horse. The royal crest is a special symbol that represents the king’s family.
EST	6	9	pp3l	figs-activepassive		0	Then let the robes and the horse be given	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then let them give the robes and the horse” or “Then tell them to give the robes and the horse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	6	9	pfz6			0	Let them dress…in honoring, and let them lead him	“Tell them to dress…in honoring and to lead him”
EST	6	9	qs3k			0	Let them proclaim	“Tell the noble official and servants to proclaim”
EST	6	10	gln7			0	Do not fail in a single matter of what you have said	The phrase “a single matter” emphasizes that he must do absolutely everything he said. It can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “Be sure to do absolutely everything you have said”
EST	6	12	uri5	translate-symaction		0	with his head covered	People often covered their head to show that they were either extremely sad or ashamed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EST	6	13	pkd2	translate-names		0	Zeresh	See how you translated this woman’s name in [Esther 6:13](../06/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	6	13	fd5k	figs-metaphor		0	before whom you have begun to fall…you will certainly fall before him	They spoke as if Haman and Mordecai were in a battle, and Haman was beginning to lose the battle. Here “to fall” represents being dishonored and defeated. Alternate translation: “who has already humiliated you…he will certainly defeat you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST	6	13	nan5	figs-metaphor		0	you will not overcome him	“you will not win against him.” They spoke as if Haman and Mordecai were in a battle. Here overcoming a person represents having greater honor than that person. Alternate translation: “you will not have greater honor than he has” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST	7	intro	x4w3			0		# Esther 07 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The story of Haman’s fall concludes in this chapter.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Covering Haman’s face<br><br>When “the servants covered Haman’s face,” they were showing that he had been condemned to be executed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/condemn]])<br>
EST	7	1	n8vb	translate-names		0	Haman	See how you translated this man’s name in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	7	2	xt9f			0	On this second day	“on this second day of feasting”
EST	7	2	s5ae			0	while they were serving wine	“while the servants were pouring the wine and giving it to them”
EST	7	2	p1xt	figs-abstractnouns		0	What is your petition	The abstract noun “petition” can be expressed with the verb “ask for” or “want.” Alternate translation: “What do you ask for” or “What do you want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EST	7	2	sem7	figs-activepassive		0	It will be granted to you	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will give you what you ask for” or “I will do for you what you ask” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	7	2	yks7	figs-activepassive		0	Up to half of the kingdom, and it will be granted	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If you ask for up to half of my kingdom, I will give it to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	7	3	k27c	figs-idiom		0	If I have found favor in your eyes, king	“Find favor” here is an idiom that means to be approved of or that he is pleased with her. “In your eyes” is a metaphor representing his evaluation. Alternate translation: “If you evaluate me and approve” or “If you are pleased with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST	7	3	bvi1	figs-abstractnouns		0	this is my petition	The abstract noun “petition” can be expressed with the verb “ask for.” Alternate translation: “this is what I ask for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EST	7	4	fhs7	figs-metaphor		0	For we have been sold	The metaphor “being sold” represents being betrayed. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For someone has betrayed us” or “For someone has put us in danger of our enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	7	4	e9cx	figs-doublet		0	to be destroyed, killed, and annihilated	Here all three words have the same meaning and are used for emphasis. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for our enemies to destroy, kill, and annihilate us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	7	5	dl4b	figs-idiom		0	Where is this person to be found who has filled his heart to do such a thing	To fill one’s heart to do something is an idiom meaning to dare to do something. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Where is the one who has dared to so such a thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	7	6	ar4f			0	was terrified	“was extremely afraid”
EST	7	7	bzd4	figs-idiom		0	The king got up in a rage	Being in a rage is an idiom for being extremely angry. Alternate translation: “The king was extremely angry and got up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST	7	7	uaq6			0	to beg for his life from Queen Esther	“to beg Queen Esther to save his life”
EST	7	7	qz1m	figs-metaphor		0	He saw that disaster was being decided	Here seeing represents realizing or understanding. Alternate translation: “He realized that disaster was being decided” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST	7	7	nin1	figs-activepassive		0	disaster was being decided against him by the king	This can be stated in active form. The abstract noun “disaster” can be expressed with the more concrete verbs “destroy” or “kill.” Alternate translation: “the king was deciding to cause a disaster against him” or “the king was deciding to destroy him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EST	7	8	mxd2	figs-activepassive		0	where the wine had been served	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “where servants had served the wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	7	8	h4c7			0	couch	a long piece of furniture where a person can sit or lie down
EST	7	8	thq6	figs-rquestion		0	Will he assault the queen in my presence in my own house?	The king uses this question to show his shock and anger at what Haman was doing. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “He even dares to attack the queen in my presence and in my own house!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EST	7	8	l4ce	figs-euphemism		0	assault the queen	“attack the queen.” This phrase is a polite way to refer to rape. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
EST	7	8	adq6	figs-metonymy		0	As soon as this sentence came out of the king’s mouth	Speech coming out of the mouth is a metonym that represents speaking. Alternate translation: “As soon as the king said this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST	7	8	ju8q	figs-explicit		0	the servants covered Haman’s face	Apparently they did this because they understood that the king wanted Haman to be killed. Alternate translation: “the servants covered Haman’s face as a sign that he would be killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
EST	7	9	a7ic	translate-names		0	Harbona	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	7	9	sre1	translate-numbers		0	A gallows fifty cubits tall	You may convert “fifty cubits” to a modern measure. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Esther 5:14](../05/14.md). Alternate translation: “A gallows twenty-three meters high” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EST	7	10	umd4	figs-metaphor		0	Then the king’s rage died down	The king’s rage is a spoken of as if it were a large fire that became smaller. Alternate translation: “Then the king’s rage lessened” or “Then the king was not so angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST	8	intro	z6j7			0		# Esther 08 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God’s protection<br>Yahweh is at work in this chapter preventing the Jews from possible destruction. God used Esther and Mordecai to protect their people.<br>
EST	8	1	nm3u			0	Haman	See how you translated this man’s name in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md).
EST	8	2	m5hz	translate-unknown		0	signet ring	This ring had the king’s name or mark on it. When he put a wax seal on important papers, he would press the mark onto the seal. If a paper had this mark on its seal, people would know that what was written on the paper was written with the king’s authority and had to be obeyed. See how you translated this in [Esther 3:10](../03/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EST	8	2	z5yn			0	gave it to Mordecai	By giving his signet ring to Mordecai, the king gave Mordecai the authority to write important papers that people would have to obey.
EST	8	2	d2tj			0	Haman’s estate	This refers to the things that had belonged to Haman and that the king had given to Esther.
EST	8	3	uh2a			0	pleaded with	“begged”
EST	8	3	jmn7	figs-explicit		0	to put an end to the evil plan of Haman the Agagite	“Put an end to” here is an idiom meaning to stop something. Alternate translation: “to stop the evil plan of Haman the Agagite” or “to prevent the evil things from happening that Haman the Agagite had planned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST	8	3	bp22			0	the Agagite	See how you translated this in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md)
EST	8	3	c2hw			0	scheme that he had devised	“the plot that he had invented” or “the plot that Haman invented”
EST	8	4	xh24			0	the king held out the golden scepter to Esther	He did this to show that he was pleased with her. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Esther 5:2](../05/02.md)
EST	8	5	w7yl			0	If it pleases the king	“If what I ask for pleases the king”
EST	8	5	ftc7	figs-idiom		0	if I have found favor in your eyes	Here “found favor” is an idiom that means be approved of or that he is pleased with her. Here “eyes” are a metonym for sight, and  sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. Alternate translation: “if you have evaluated me and approve” or “if you are pleased with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST	8	5	h8zb	figs-metaphor		0	if the thing seems right before the king	“Before the king” here is a metaphor representing his evaluation. Alternate translation: “if what I ask for seems right in the king’s evaluation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST	8	5	xci7	figs-metonymy		0	I am pleasing in your eyes	Here “your eyes” is a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. Alternate translation: “if you evaluate me and I please you” or “if you are pleased with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST	8	5	nbk3			0	revoke	take back and make of no effect
EST	8	5	s7bt	translate-names		0	Hammedatha	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	8	5	q2iz			0	provinces	A province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
EST	8	6	udt6	figs-rquestion		0	For how could I bear to see disaster fall on my people? How could I endure watching the destruction of my relatives?	Esther used these questions to show that she would be extremely sad if her people were to be destroyed. Alternate translation: “I cannot bear to see disaster fall on the Jews. I cannot endure watching my relatives be killed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EST	8	7	h44h	figs-synecdoche		0	the house of Haman	This represents all that Haman had owned. Alternate translation: “all that had belonged to Haman” or “all of Haman’s property” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EST	8	7	t1fv			0	gallows	See how you translated this in [Esther 6:4](../06/04.md)
EST	8	8	j3mn	figs-metonymy		0	Write…in the name of the king	Writing something in the king’s name represents writing it with his authority, or writing it as his representative. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST	8	8	t52i	figs-activepassive		0	For the decree…ring cannot be revoked	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For no one can revoke the decree…ring” or “For no one can cancel the decree…ring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	8	8	i9nn	figs-explicit		0	For the decree…ring cannot be revoked	The information given between the words “decree” and “cannot” is the reason that the king cannot revoke Haman’s decree. It can be shown clearly that it was the reason with the word “because.” Alternate translation: “For I cannot revoke the decree that has already been written, because it was written in the king’s name and sealed with the king’s ring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST	8	8	fg72	figs-metonymy		0	decree that has already been written in the king’s name	Writing something in the king’s name represents writing it with his authority, or writing it as his representative. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST	8	9	s4ue	figs-activepassive		0	the king’s scribes were called	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the king called his scribes.” The reader should understand that the king probably told an official to go and bring the scribes back with him. The king probably did not call out with a loud voice to get them to come. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST	8	9	j356	translate-hebrewmonths		0	the third month, which is the month of Sivan, on the twenty-third day of the month	“Sivan” is the name of the third month of the Hebrew calendar. The twenty-third day is near the middle of June on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	8	9	sz6j	figs-activepassive		0	A decree was written	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They wrote a decree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	8	9	zp4q	translate-numbers		0	127 provinces	“one hundred and twenty-seven provinces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EST	8	9	bvt4			0	provinces	A province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
EST	8	9	bj5s			0	written in their own writing	“written in their own script.” There are different writing systems around the world.
EST	8	10	ijp2	figs-metonymy		0	wrote in the name of King Ahasuerus	Writing something in the king’s name represents writing it with his authority, or writing it as his representative. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST	8	10	jf31			0	signet ring	See how you translated this phrase in [Esther 8:2](../08/02.md)
EST	8	10	yt4j			0	couriers	people who carry messages
EST	8	10	p9uc	figs-explicit		0	bred from the royal stud	The royal stud was the king’s best male horse. The horses that were used in the king’s service were its offspring. Alternate translation: “the offspring of the king’s best horse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST	8	11	ig7u			0	gave to the Jews…permission to gather	“told the Jews…that he was allowing them to gather”
EST	8	11	e1mj	figs-metaphor		0	make a stand	This is a metaphor for fighting back and not running away. Alternate translation: “fight back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST	8	12	hi2y			0	the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month of Adar	See how you translated this in [Esther 3:13](../03/13.md)
EST	8	13	qk1d	figs-idiom		0	to take vengeance on their enemies	“To take vengeance on people” here is an idiom meaning to hurt people who have hurt you. Alternate translation: “to fight back against their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST	8	14	b69j	figs-idiom		0	They went without delay	“Without delay” here is an idiom meaning that they did not delay or wait. Alternate translation: “They went immediately” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST	8	14	s4qi	translate-names		0	Susa	This is the city where the king’s palace was. See how you translated it in [Esther 1:2](../01/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	8	15	eqc4	figs-metonymy		0	the city of Susa shouted and rejoiced	The “city” represents the people living in it. Alternate translation: “the people of the city of Susa shouted and rejoiced” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST	8	15	i1ec	figs-hendiadys		0	shouted and rejoiced	The word “rejoiced” tells how they shouted. Alternate translation: “shouted joyfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
EST	8	16	q2ru	figs-metaphor		0	had light and gladness	Possible meanings are that 1) having light is a metaphor for being happy. Alternate translation: “were happy and glad” or 2) having light is metaphor for feeling prosperous and safe. Alternate translation: “felt safe and were glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST	8	16	n94u	figs-explicit		0	honor	Possible meanings are that 1) other people honored the Jews. Alternate translation: “other people honored them” or 2) the Jews felt honored. Alternate translation: “they felt honored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST	8	17	k1eh			0	province	A province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
EST	8	17	va7t	figs-metaphor		0	wherever the king’s decree reached	Reaching places represents going to places. Alternate translation: “wherever the king’s men took his decree” or “wherever the king’s decree was read” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST	8	17	p89m			0	holiday	day on which people celebrate special events
EST	8	17	r3qf	figs-metaphor		0	the fear of the Jews had fallen on them	Fear falling on people represents people becoming very afraid. Alternate translation: “they had become very afraid of the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST	9	intro	yty1			0		# Esther 09 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Purim<br>The events of this chapter were so significant, the Jews celebrated these events every year after this. It is known as “Purim.”<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Ironic Situation<br>The day that was supposed to bring great victory to the enemies of the Jews became a day of great victory for the Jews. This is a type of irony.<br>
EST	9	1	t9yc			0	the twelfth month, which is the month of Adar, on the thirteenth day	See how you translated a similar phrase in [Esther 3:13](../03/13.md).
EST	9	1	wh56	figs-idiom		0	when the king’s law and decree were about to be carried out	“Carry out” here is an idiom meaning to do something that was commanded or planned. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when the people were about to obey the king’s law and decree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	9	1	ect2	figs-idiom		0	to gain power over them	Gaining power over people is an idiom for defeating them. Alternate translation: “to defeat the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST	9	1	lq9y	figs-metaphor		0	it was reversed	“the situation was reversed.” The situation being reversed is a metaphor meaning that the opposite of what was expected happened. Alternate translation: “the opposite happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST	9	2	t3lz			0	provinces	A province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:1](../01/01.md).
EST	9	2	tj62	figs-metonymy		0	to lay hands on those who tried to bring disaster on them	Laying hands on people is a metonym for fighting against them. Alternate translation: “to fight their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST	9	2	d44x	figs-idiom		0	who tried to bring disaster on them	To bring disaster on people is an idiom meaning to cause a disaster to happen to them. In this case it refers to destroying them. Alternate translation: “who tried to destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST	9	2	x8s3	figs-metonymy		0	No one could stand against them	Standing against people represents resisting their attack. Alternate translation: “No one could resist the attack of the Jews” or “No one could successfully fight against the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST	9	2	h7jh	figs-metaphor		0	the fear of them had fallen on all the peoples	Fear falling on people represents people becoming very afraid. Alternate translation: “all the peoples had become very afraid of the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST	9	3	xn99			0	provincial governors	“governors of the provinces”
EST	9	3	q2ue	figs-metaphor		0	the fear of Mordecai had fallen on them	Fear falling on people represents people becoming afraid. Alternate translation: “they had become afraid of Mordecai” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST	9	4	xd49			0	was great in the king’s house	“was very important in the king’s palace”
EST	9	4	mr66	figs-metaphor		0	his fame spread throughout all the provinces	Fame spreading through places represents people in those places learning about how great he was. Alternate translation: “throughout the provinces people learned about how great he was” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST	9	6	g8ht			0	the fortress	This refers to a castle, stronghold or fortified city. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:2](../01/02.md).
EST	9	6	b5ft	translate-names		0	Susa	This was a royal city of Persian kings. See how you translated this in [Esther 1:2](../01/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	9	6	ha18	translate-numbers		0	five hundred men	“500 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EST	9	7	s6x2	translate-names		0	Parshandatha, Dalphon, Aspatha	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	9	8	g6zx	translate-names		0	Poratha, Adalia, Aridatha	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	9	9	gj4p	translate-names		0	Parmashta, Arisai, Aridai, Vaizatha	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	9	10	fsa2	translate-numbers		0	ten sons	“10 sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EST	9	10	tv36	translate-names		0	Haman	This is the name and description of Haman, one of the king’s officials. See how you translated this in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	9	10	r3bi	translate-names		0	Hammedatha	See how you translated this man’s name in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	9	10	xt5b			0	the enemy of the Jews	This phrase tells us about Haman.
EST	9	12	cz3e	translate-numbers		0	five hundred men	“500 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EST	9	12	j5p9	translate-numbers		0	ten sons	“10 sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EST	9	12	vh5l	figs-rquestion		0	What then have they done in the rest of the king’s provinces?	The king uses this question to show that he believes that the Jews must have also killed many people in the other provinces. Alternate translation: “What they must have done in the rest of the king’s provinces!” or “They must have killed many more in the rest of the king’s provinces!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EST	9	12	s3sr	figs-abstractnouns		0	what is your petition?	The abstract noun “petition” can be expressed with the verb “ask for” or “want.” Alternate translation: “what do you ask for?” or “what do you want?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EST	9	12	n3ua	figs-activepassive		0	It will be granted you	This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “I will give you what you ask for” or “I will do for you what you ask” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	9	12	ly4g	figs-abstractnouns		0	What is your request?	The abstract noun “request” can be expressed with the verb “ask for” or “want.” Alternate translation: “What do you ask for?” or “What do you want?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EST	9	13	nz41	figs-idiom		0	to carry out this day’s decree tomorrow also	“Carry out” here is an idiom meaning to do something that was commanded or planned. Alternate translation: “to obey today’s decree tomorrow also” or “to do tomorrow also what was decreed that they should do today” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST	9	13	nr1p	translate-numbers		0	ten sons	“10 sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EST	9	13	qyu8	translate-unknown		0	gallows	This was a structure used for killing people by tying one end of a rope around the top of the structure and the other end of the rope around their necks and hanging them from it. See how you translated this in [Esther 2:23](../02/23.md). Alternate translation: “a frame for hanging people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EST	9	15	p9gc			0	the fourteenth day of the month of Adar	See how you translated a similar phrase in [Esther 3:13](../03/13.md).
EST	9	15	lp12	figs-metonymy		0	laid no hands on the plunder	Laying their hands on things represents taking them. Alternate translation: “took none of the plunder” or “did not take any of the plunder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST	9	16	i1d1	translate-numbers		0	seventy-five thousand	“75,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EST	9	16	m2cx	figs-metonymy		0	they did not lay their hands on the valuables of those they killed	Laying their hands on things represents taking them. Alternate translation: “they did not take any of the valuables of the people they killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST	9	16	kms1			0	valuables	“valuable things” or “possessions”
EST	9	17	ll4f			0	the thirteenth day of the month of Adar	See how you translated a similar phrase in [Esther 3:13](../03/13.md).
EST	9	17	kjj1			0	On the fourteenth day they rested	“On the fourteenth day of Adar the Jews who were in the provinces rested”
EST	9	18	w531	figs-explicit		0	the Jews who were in Susa assembled together	Why they assembled together can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the Jews who were in Susa assembled together to fight against their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST	9	21	n4v9	figs-idiom		0	to keep the fourteenth and the fifteenth day of Adar every year	To keep a day is an idiom that means to celebrate it. Alternate translation: “to celebrate the fourteenth and fifteenth days of Adar every year” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST	9	22	nch1	figs-metaphor		0	their sorrow turned to joy	Turning represents changing. The abstract nouns sorrow and joy can be expressed with “sad” and “joyful.” Alternate translation: “they changed from being very sad to being joyful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST	9	23	fy5p			0	General Information:	This passage summarizes much of the story of Esther in order to explain the reason for the festival of Purim.
EST	9	24	ib25	translate-names		0	Haman son of Hammedatha the Agagite	This is the name and description of Haman, one of the king’s officials. See how you translated this in [Esther 3:1](../03/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	9	24	bcy2			0	he threw Pur (that is, he threw lots)	“Pur” was the Persian word for “lot.” The phrase “he threw lots” explains what “he threw Pur” means.
EST	9	24	xz7s	figs-explicit		0	he threw Pur (that is, he threw lots)	Why he threw Pur, or lots, can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “he threw Pur (that is, he threw lots) to find out what would be the best day to attack the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST	9	25	m8x3			0	But when the matter came before the king	The Hebrew text can also be interpreted to mean, “But when Esther came before the king.” Some modern versions choose this interpretation.
EST	9	25	y57b	figs-idiom		0	the wicked plan Haman developed against the Jews should come back on his own head	“Come back on his own head” means that it should be done to Haman. Alternate translation: “the wicked plan Haman developed against the Jews should be done to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST	9	26	buf1	figs-idiom		0	they called these days Purim, after the name of Pur	To call something after something else is an idiom that means to give it the same name or a similar name. Alternate translation: “They called these days Purim, like the word Pur” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EST	9	26	c1gi	translate-names		0	Purim	This is the name of the festival that commemorates the salvation of the Jewish people in ancient Persia from Haman’s plot to destroy and kill all the Jews in a single day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	9	26	yq8m	figs-explicit		0	the name of Pur.	It can be stated clearly what “Pur” means. Alternate translation: “the word Pur, which means ‘lot.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EST	9	28	hc8s	figs-activepassive		0	These days were to be celebrated and observed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The Jews were to celebrate and observe these days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	9	28	i2qk			0	would never cease to faithfully observe	This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “would always faithfully observe”
EST	9	29	je8e			0	Queen Esther daughter of Abihail and Mordecai the Jew wrote…this second letter	Esther was the daughter of Abihail. Esther and Mordecai wrote the letter.
EST	9	29	cm8c	translate-names		0	Abihail	Esther’s father and Mordecai’s uncle. See how you translated this in [Esther 2:15](../02/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EST	9	29	ku7d	translate-numbers		0	second letter	“additional letter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EST	9	30	iw9y	figs-activepassive		0	Letters were sent to all the Jews	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They sent letters to all the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EST	9	30	u389	translate-numbers		0	127 provinces	“one hundred and twenty-seven provinces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EST	9	30	iaf7	figs-abstractnouns		0	wishing the Jews safety and truth	The abstract nouns “safety” and “truth” can be expressed with phrases. Alternate translation: “wishing that the Jews would be safe and that people would be faithful to the Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EST	9	31	rl2s	figs-metaphor		0	The Jews accepted this obligation for themselves and their descendants	Accepting an obligation is a metaphor for agreeing with the obligation. The abstract noun “obligation” can be expressed with the verb “obligate.” Alternate translation: “The Jews agreed and said that they and their descendants were obligated to celebrate the days of Purim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EST	9	31	rgr9	figs-metaphor		0	they accepted times of fasting and lamenting	Accepting times of fasting and lamenting is a metaphor for agreeing to fast and lament at certain times. Alternate translation: “they agreed to fast and lament at certain times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST	10	intro	h4m4			0		# Esther 10 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Mordecai’s new position<br><br>Through the power of Yahweh, Mordecai was given a new position in the Persian Empire. Mordecai was now the second in command in the kingdom of Persia and he used his position to help other Jews.<br>
EST	10	1	b5ht	figs-metonymy		0	imposed a tax on the land and on the coastlands along the sea	To impose a tax means to make people pay a tax. The land and coastlands represent the people living there. Alternate translation: “made the people living in the land and on the coastlands along the sea pay a tax” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EST	10	2	p98n	figs-abstractnouns		0	All the achievements of his power and might	The abstract noun “achievements” can be expressed with the verb “achieve” or the phrase “do great things. The abstract nouns “power” and “might” can be translated with adjectives. Alternate translation: “All that he achieved because of how powerful and mighty he was” or “All the great things that he did because of his power and might” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EST	10	2	k7tc	figs-metaphor		0	the full account of the greatness of Mordecai to which the king had raised him	The king honoring Mordecai is spoken of as if the king physically raised him up. Alternate translation: “the full account of how the King had made it known that Mordecai was great” or “the full account of how the king had honored Mordecai for the great things he had done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST	10	3	wfb8			0	second in rank to King Ahasuerus	“the most important person after King Ahasuerus”
EST	10	3	iui7	figs-metaphor		0	Jewish brothers	The word brothers represents people who were like him. Alternate translation: “fellow Jews” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EST	10	3	wte9	figs-metaphor		0	he sought the welfare of his people	Seeking something is a metaphor for working hard for something. The abstract noun “welfare” can be translated as a phrase with the verb “prosper” or the adjective “secure.” Alternate translation: “He worked hard so his people would prosper” or “He worked hard so his people would be secure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EST	10	3	s8f8			0	he spoke for the peace of all his people	“he represented his people so that they might have peace”
