Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
JDG	front	intro	v8pn			0		# Introduction to Judges<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of Judges<br><br>1. History of the judges of Israel (1:1–16:31)<br>- Introduction (1:1-3:6)<br>- Othniel, Ehud, and Shamgar (3:7–31)<br>- Deborah and Barak (4:1–5:31)<br>- Gideon (6:1–8:35)<br>- Abimelech, Tola, and Jair (9:1–10:5)<br>- Jephthah (10:6-12:7)<br>- Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon (12:8-15)<br>- Samson (13:1–16:31)<br>1. The account of Micah and his idols (17:1–18:31)<br>1. The account of Gibeah; the other Israelites take revenge (19:1–21:25)<br><br>### What is the Book of Judges about?<br><br>The Book of Judges tells of events that occurred after the Israelites settled in the Promised Land. The events in this book happened over a period of about 150 years.<br><br>This book describes how the Israelites repeatedly sinned against Yahweh during this time. They worshiped false gods and did the same wicked things as the peoples who lived around them. Therefore, God would allow enemies to defeat and oppress the Israelites. Eventually, the Israelites would call to Yahweh for help. Yahweh would then cause someone to help the Israelites defeat their enemies. This person was called a “judge.” The Israelites would live in peace until the judge died.<br><br>After that judge died, the Israelites would start sinning again. So this pattern of events would repeat.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>This book traditionally has the title “Judges” because it gives accounts of some of the main leaders or judges in Israel before there were any kings over the people. Unless there are good reasons for following the title in other Bible versions, the translator should probably use the title “Judges” or a title such as “The Book about the Leaders in Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What kind of leaders were the judges?<br><br>These were men and women whom God chose to help the Israelites defeat their enemies. After defeating their enemies, these leaders usually continued to help the people by deciding disputes among them. They also helped them make important decisions. Many of these leaders served all the people of Israel, but some of these leaders may have served only certain tribes.<br><br>### What kind of society was Israel during the time of the judges?<br><br>During this time, the twelve tribes of Israel were independent of one another. They were not a unified nation with one ruler. The tribes would sometimes help each other when enemies were threatening them.<br><br>These tribes were descended from the same ancestors: Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. They shared in the same covenant with Yahweh.<br><br>### What spiritual struggles did Israel experience during the time of the judges?<br><br>During this time, Israel struggled to remain faithful to Yahweh. The best judges encouraged Israel to be faithful to him, but some of the judges failed to do so. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### What is the meaning of the phrase “in those days there was no king in Israel, and everyone did what was right in his own eyes”?<br><br>This phrase occurs twice in the book of Judges. Shorter versions of the phrase occur two other times. These phrases imply that the writer or editor of this book was alive at a later time when there was a king in Israel. They also seem to imply that the writer thought that things were not good in Israel because there was no king.<br><br>The translation of these phrases should imply to the reader that the book’s writer is looking back into the past.<br><br>### What is the meaning of the phrase “to this day”?<br><br>The narrator used this phrase to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that “to this day” refers to a time already passed. The translator must avoid giving the impression that the present day of the translation’s readers is meant. The translator might decide to say, “to this day, at the time when this is being written,” or, “to this day, at the time of writing.” This Hebrew phrase occurs in Judges 1:21, 26; 6:24; 10:4; 15:19; 18:12.<br>
JDG	1	intro	a4am			0		# Judges 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br>### “After the death of Joshua”<br>This statement creates a seamless transition from the book of Joshua.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Finishing the conquest of the Promised Land<br><br>Israel fought to clear the land of the Canaanites, but they also made treaties with other peoples and made some of them do hard labor. This was against God’s instruction to completely remove the Canaanite people from the land.<br>
JDG	1	1	r9ee			0	Connecting Statement:	The book of Judges continues the story about Joshua and is also the beginning of a new part of the story.
JDG	1	1	b9my			0	Yahweh	This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
JDG	1	1	c92j	figs-exclusive		0	will attack the Canaanites for us	The word “us” refers to the people of Israel, but not to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
JDG	1	2	c4zw	figs-synecdoche		0	Judah will attack	Here “Judah” represents the men of the tribe of Judah. Yahweh is commanding these men to attack first. Alternate translation: “The men of Judah must attack first” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	1	2	i2v6			0	See	“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JDG	1	2	ysi6	figs-explicit		0	this land	This refers to the land where the Canaanites lived. Alternate translation: “the land of the Canaanites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	1	3	k7aq			0	their brothers	“their fellow Israelites” or “their relatives”
JDG	1	3	x2kz			0	Come up with us	The people of the tribes of Judah and Simeon were camped with the rest of the Israelite people in the valley of the Jordan River. The land given to Judah was in the hills above the valley. Some languages do not usually indicate whether people were going up or down. Alternate translation: “Come with us” or “Go with us”
JDG	1	3	p8mq	figs-activepassive		0	that was assigned to us…that was assigned to you	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that Yahweh assigned to us…that Yahweh assigned to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	1	3	yz2b			0	We will likewise go with you	“We will also go with you” or “In the same way, we will go with you”
JDG	1	4	ku4h	figs-explicit		0	The men of Judah attacked	It is implied that the men of Simeon attacked with the men of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	1	4	n19d	translate-numbers		0	They killed ten thousand	“They killed about 10,000” or “They killed a large number” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	1	4	vmc4			0	of them	“soldiers of the Canaanites and Perizzites” or “enemies”
JDG	1	4	c9xq	translate-names		0	Bezek	This is an area in the mountains of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	1	5	w88l	translate-names		0	Adoni-Bezek	This man was the leader of the army of the Canaanites and the Perizzites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	1	5	i3pn	figs-synecdoche		0	they fought against him	Here “him” actually refers to Adoni-Bezek and his army. Alternate translation: “they fought against him and his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	1	6	vz6p			0	pursued him	“chased him”
JDG	1	7	es2p	translate-numbers		0	Seventy kings	“70 kings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	1	7	t5fd	figs-activepassive		0	who had their thumbs and their big toes cut off	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whose thumbs and big toes I told my men to cut off” or “whose thumbs and big toes we cut off” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	1	7	p5cw	figs-metonymy		0	gathered their food from under my table	Forcing these kings to eat scraps of food represents all the ways that Adoni-Bezek humiliated these kings. Here “gathering” food represents eating it. Alternate translation: “ate scraps of food from under my table” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	1	8	hh58	figs-metonymy		0	the city of Jerusalem and took it	Here “city” represents the people. Alternate translation: “the people who lived in Jerusalem and defeated them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	1	8	ca78	figs-metonymy		0	They attacked it	Here “it” refers to the city which represents the people of the city. Alternate translation: “They attacked the people of the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	1	8	k6ze	figs-synecdoche		0	with the edge of the sword	“with the point of the sword.” Here “sword” represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. Alternate translation: “with their swords” or “with their weapons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	1	9	cs3t			0	the men of Judah went down to fight	It was common to use the word “down” when it refers to traveling from Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “the men of Judah went to fight”
JDG	1	9	q3x9			0	in the Negev	“in the southern Judean wilderness”
JDG	1	9	x4ew			0	foothills	hills at the base of a mountain or mountain range
JDG	1	10	ax37	writing-background		0	the name of Hebron was previously Kiriath Arba	This is background information. Some people who first read this book had probably heard of Kiriath Arba but did not know that it was the same as the city that they called Hebron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG	1	10	edk7	translate-names		0	Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai	These are the names of three Canaanite leaders of Hebron. Each leader represents his army. Alternate translation: “Sheshai, Ahiman, Talmai, and their armies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	1	11	lh59	writing-background		0	the name of Debir was previously Kiriath Sepher	The author probably wrote this because his readers knew the city as Debir. But at the time Israel attacked it, it was called Kiriath Sepher. Alternate translation: “which used to be called Kiriath Sepher” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG	1	11	fn5g			0	was previously	“was in times past” or “was at an earlier time”
JDG	1	12	e7kf	figs-metonymy		0	Whoever attacks Kiriath Sepher and takes it	Here “Kiriath Sepher” represents the people. Alternate translation: “Whoever attacks and defeats the people of Kiriath Sepher and takes their city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	1	12	n39v	translate-names		0	Aksah	This is the name of Caleb’s daughter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	1	13	xa4b	translate-names		0	Othniel, son of Kenaz	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	1	14	u3cc			0	she urged him	“Aksah urged Othniel”
JDG	1	15	m3cg			0	Give me a blessing	“Do a favor for me” or “Do this for me”
JDG	1	15	rz4u	figs-explicit		0	Since you have given me the land of the Negev	Caleb gave Aksah in marriage to Othniel, so she lived with Othniel in the city that he had captured in the Negev. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Since you have given me in marriage to live in the Negev” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	1	15	n8di	figs-explicit		0	Since you have given me the land	This implies that Caleb did give her the field when she asked him for it (verse 14). She is now asking for springs of water in addition to that field. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	1	16	x6ei			0	of Moses’ father-in-law	“of the father of Moses’ wife”
JDG	1	16	fqe9			0	father-in-law the Kenite went up	“father-in-law, who was one of the Ken people, went up”
JDG	1	16	n6kh			0	went up from the City of Palms…into the wilderness	“left the City of Palms…and went into the wilderness”
JDG	1	16	a29w	figs-explicit		0	City of Palms	This is another name for the city of Jericho. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	1	16	u7t8	translate-names		0	Arad	This is the name of a city in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	1	17	e48a			0	the men of Simeon their brothers	Here “brothers” means relatives who were in another tribe of Israel.
JDG	1	17	nd84	translate-names		0	Zephath	This is the name of a city in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	1	17	iy2d	figs-explicit		0	The name of the city was called Hormah	After the Israelites destroyed Zephath, they changed its name to “Hormah.” The name “Hormah” means “complete destruction.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	1	19	vtq2	figs-idiom		0	Yahweh was with the people of Judah	Here “was with” means that Yahweh helped the people of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	1	19	g27v			0	plains	a very large area of level, treeless ground
JDG	1	20	ys79	figs-activepassive		0	Hebron was given to Caleb (like Moses had said)	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Moses had given Hebron to Caleb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	1	20	eml1	figs-synecdoche		0	three sons of Anak	The leaders of the people groups are used to refer to the entire group. Alternate translation: “three sons of Anak and their people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	1	20	tyj7	translate-names		0	Anak	This is the name of a man. Anak and his descendants were famous for being very tall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	1	21	l6aj			0	to this day	“until now.” This refers to the time the book of Judges was written.
JDG	1	22	da33	figs-metonymy		0	The house of Joseph	Here “house” represents descendants. Manasseh and Ephraim were sons of Joseph, and the “house of Joseph” can refer to the descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim” or “The men of the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	1	22	pc1n	figs-metonymy		0	to attack Bethel	Here “Bethel” represents the people who live in Bethel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	1	23	ffy3			0	spy	to get information secretly
JDG	1	23	vx3f	writing-background		0	the city that was formerly called Luz	This is background information. Some people who first read this book had probably heard of Luz but did not know that it was the same as the city that they called Bethel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	1	24	qdm8			0	spies	people who get information secretly
JDG	1	25	dj1j	figs-metonymy		0	they attacked the city	Here “city” represents the people. Alternate translation: “they attacked the people of the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	1	25	ncm9	figs-synecdoche		0	with the edge of the sword	“with the point of the sword.” Here “sword” represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. Alternate translation: “with their swords” or “with their weapons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	1	25	uw87	figs-idiom		0	get away	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “escape” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	1	26	i4r5			0	Luz	This new town started in the land of the Hittites was named after the town of Luz, near Bethel, that the man had left.
JDG	1	26	ym4e			0	which is its name to this day	“which is still its name.” Here “to this day” refers to the time when the book of Judges was written.
JDG	1	27	va98	translate-names		0	Beth Shan…Taanach…Dor…Ibleam…Megiddo	These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	1	27	grh4			0	because the Canaanites were determined to live in that land	To “determine” is to firmly decide something. Alternate translation: “because the Canaanites firmly decided not to leave that land”
JDG	1	28	m64k	figs-metonymy		0	When Israel became strong	Here “Israel” represents the people. Alternate translation: “When the people of Israel became stronger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	1	28	h7tu			0	they forced the Canaanites to serve them with hard labor	“they forced the Canaanites to do hard work for them”
JDG	1	29	ek8n	figs-metonymy		0	Ephraim did not	Here “Ephraim” the men or the soldiers of the tribe of Ephraim. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	1	29	u8mq	translate-names		0	Gezer	The name of one of the cities in the Ephraim area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	1	30	z9je	figs-metonymy		0	Zebulun did not drive out	Here “Zebulun” represents the men or the soldiers of the tribe of Zebulun. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	1	30	p5am	translate-names		0	Kitron…Nahalol	These are names of cities in the land of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	1	30	l8tv	figs-metonymy		0	but Zebulun forced	Here “Zebulun” represents the people of the tribe of Zebulun. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	1	30	cp5q			0	hard labor	“difficult labor”
JDG	1	31	e29r	figs-metonymy		0	Asher did not drive	Here “Asher” represents the men or the soldiers of the tribe of Asher. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	1	31	b612	translate-names		0	Akko…Sidon…Ahlab, Akzib, Helbah, Aphek…Rehob	These are names of cities in the land of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	1	33	d9v1	translate-names		0	Beth Shemesh…Beth Anath	These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	1	33	pck2	figs-activepassive		0	the inhabitants of Beth Shemesh and Beth Anath were forced into hard labor for Naphthali	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the people of Naphtali forced the people of Beth Shemesh and Beth Anath to work for them as slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	1	34	w8it			0	not allowing them to come down	“stopping them from coming down”
JDG	1	34	ijt5			0	plain	a very large area of flat land without trees
JDG	1	35	qwt2	translate-names		0	Mount Heres	This is the name of a large hill on which the city of Aijalon was built. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	1	35	cw8t	translate-names		0	Aijalon…Shaalbim	These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	1	35	x276			0	the military might of the house of Joseph conquered them	“the tribes of people who descended from Joseph were able to conquer them because of their powerful army”
JDG	1	35	uvw1	figs-metonymy		0	house of Joseph	Here “house” represents descendants. Manasseh and Ephraim were sons of Joseph, and the “house of Joseph” can refer to the descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Manasseh and Ephraim” or “the men of the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	1	36	g7nx	translate-names		0	the hill of Akrabbim	This was a pass southwest of the Dead Sea. It is also called the “Scorpion Pass.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	1	36	qr2w	translate-names		0	Sela	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	2	intro	mf6a			0		# Judges 02 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh tests Israel<br><br>Yahweh said, “Because this nation has broken the terms of my covenant.” Completely removing the Canaanites from the land was a test from Yahweh. While Yahweh displayed covenant faithfulness, Israel did not. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/test]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]])<br>
JDG	2	1	tt9y			0	angel of Yahweh	Possible meaning are 1) “angel who represents Yahweh” or 2) “messenger who serves Yahweh” or 3) it may refer to Yahweh himself, who looked like an angel as he talked to a person. Either one of these meanings would explain the angel’s use of “I” as if Yahweh himself were talking.
JDG	2	1	q2ka			0	went up from Gilgal to Bokim	“left Gilgal and went to Bokim”
JDG	2	1	x66i	translate-names		0	Bokim	This is what the Israelites named this place in 2:5 after the angel rebukes the people. “Bokim” means “crying.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	2	1	te37	figs-ellipsis		0	and said	It is understood that the angel of Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “and said to the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JDG	2	1	im2i			0	brought you up from Egypt	“led you from Egypt”
JDG	2	1	ha9u			0	your fathers	“your ancestors” or “your forefathers”
JDG	2	1	p92u	figs-idiom		0	break my covenant with you	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “fail to do what I said I would do for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	2	2	syq4	figs-metonymy		0	you have not listened to my voice	Here “voice” represents what Yahweh said. Alternate translation: “you have not obeyed my commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	2	2	w8ys	figs-rquestion		0	What is this that you have done?	This question is asked to cause the people of Israel to realize they have disobeyed Yahweh and will suffer because of it. Alternate translation: “You have done a terrible thing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	2	3	lva5			0	General Information:	The angel of Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel.
JDG	2	3	kdq3	figs-quotesinquotes		0	So now I say, ‘I will not…trap for you.’	This has a quotation within a quotation. This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “So now I tell you that I will not…trap for you.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
JDG	2	3	plg4	figs-metaphor		0	become thorns in your sides	The Canaanites troubling the Israelites is spoken of as if the Canaanites would be thorns in the side of the Israelites. Alternate translation: “cause you trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	2	3	y4wm			0	thorns	sharp pieces of wood up to 7 centimeters long that stick out from some plants
JDG	2	3	b6w1	figs-metaphor		0	their gods will become a trap for you	The Israelites worshiping the Canaanite gods is spoken of as if the false gods were a hunter’s trap that catches an animal and causes it harm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	2	4	f5v2			0	shouted and wept	“cried many tears”
JDG	2	6	p53v			0	Now when Joshua	Here “Now” is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator begins a summary that explains how the generations of Israelites after Joshua sinned and worshiped false gods so that Yahweh punished them, but then he would send judges to rescue them. This summary ends in 2:23.
JDG	2	6	u1xb	writing-background		0	when Joshua…of their land	The events of 1:1-2:5 happened after Joshua died. This is recounting events that happened at the end of the book of Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG	2	6	i12e	figs-explicit		0	to the place assigned	This statement can be made clearer. Alternate translation: “to the place Yahweh gave them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	2	7	kcc2	writing-background		0		The background information that begins with the words “Now when Joshua” in verse 6 continues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG	2	7	ydz9			0	during the lifetime	This means the time that someone lived. Alternate translation: “during the life”
JDG	2	7	g5ah			0	the elders	Here this means the men who helped lead Israel, participating in matters of social justice and in religious matters such as maintaining the law of Moses.
JDG	2	7	qml9			0	outlived him	This means to live longer than someone else. Alternate translation: “lived longer than he did”
JDG	2	8	ii19	writing-background		0		The background information that begins with the words “Now when Joshua” in verse 6 continues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG	2	8	m4jx	writing-background		0	Joshua son of Nun…died at the age of 110 years old	The background information that begins with the words “Now when Joshua” in verse 6 ends. The events of 1:1-2:5 happened after Joshua died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG	2	8	k12w	translate-names		0	Nun	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	2	8	xfn6	translate-numbers		0	110 years old	“one hundred and ten years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	2	9	ne2z	figs-activepassive		0	he was assigned	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that God gave him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	2	9	yk2s	translate-names		0	Timnath Heres	This is the name of an area of land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	2	9	f8u2	translate-names		0	Mount Gaash	This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	2	10	umh1	figs-euphemism		0	All that generation was also gathered to their fathers	The phrase “was also gathered to their fathers” means that as the people of that generation died, their souls went to the same place as their ancestors who died before them. It is a polite way of saying they died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JDG	2	10	r6cs			0	fathers	Here this means the ancestors of a certain person or people group.
JDG	2	10	flq1			0	grew up	“grew older” or “became older”
JDG	2	10	qd7f			0	who did not know Yahweh	Here “did not know” means they had not experienced Yahweh or his power the way the previous generation had.
JDG	2	11	yhh4	figs-metaphor		0	what was evil in the sight of Yahweh	The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	2	11	gx61	translate-names		0	Baals	This is the plural of Baal. While “Baal” was generally the name of one false god, the word was also used for various other gods that were often worshiped along with Baal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	2	12	tp3f	figs-metaphor		0	They broke away from Yahweh	The Israelites no longer obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if they physically broke away from him and left him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	2	12	re2c			0	their fathers	“their ancestors” or “their forefathers”
JDG	2	12	n4xl	figs-metaphor		0	They went after other gods	The Israelites starting to worship false gods is spoken of as if the Israelites walked and went after the false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	2	12	w9r2	translate-symaction		0	bowed down to them	This is an act of worship and giving honor to someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JDG	2	12	j3xw			0	They provoked Yahweh to anger	“They caused Yahweh to become angry”
JDG	2	13	ddu6	translate-names		0	Ashtoreths	This is the plural of Ashtoroth, who was worshiped as a goddess in many different forms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	2	14	r6xm	figs-metaphor		0	The anger of Yahweh burned against Israel	The anger of Yahweh is described as burning like a fire. Alternate translation: “Yahweh became very angry with the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	2	14	bjf9			0	he gave them to the raiders who stole their possessions from them	“he let raiders steal their possessions”
JDG	2	14	v1ki	figs-metaphor		0	He sold them as slaves who were held by the strength of their enemies around them, so they could no longer defend themselves against their enemies	Yahweh allowing the enemies to take the Israelites as slaves is spoken of as if he sold them into slavery. The phrase “who were held by” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He allowed their enemies to conquer them and take them as slaves, and they could no longer resist their powerful enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	2	15	b13p	figs-metonymy		0	Yahweh’s hand was against them to defeat them	Here “hand” represents Yahweh’s power. Alternate translation: “Yahweh helped their enemies defeat them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	2	15	n59g			0	they were in terrible distress	“they were suffering terribly”
JDG	2	16	t2b3	figs-metaphor		0	Then Yahweh raised up judges	Yahweh appointing persons to be judges is spoken of as if he were raising or lifting the persons up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	2	16	myh2	figs-metonymy		0	out of the hand of those	Here “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “from the power of the enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	2	17	p49i			0	they would not listen to their judges	“they would not obey their judges”
JDG	2	17	dv8s	figs-simile		0	gave themselves like prostitutes to other gods and worshiped them	The people betraying Yahweh and worshiping other gods is spoken of as if the people were prostitutes. Alternate translation: “betrayed him by worshiping false gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JDG	2	17	wwn4			0	their fathers	“their ancestors” or “their forefathers”
JDG	2	18	eau5	figs-metaphor		0	When Yahweh raised up judges	Yahweh appointing persons to be judges is spoken of as if he raised or lifted up the persons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	2	18	hz8j			0	judges for them…rescued them	The word “them” refers to the Israelites.
JDG	2	18	ql9k	figs-metonymy		0	the hand of their enemies	Here “hand” refers to power of the enemies to hurt Israel. Alternate translation: “the power of their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	2	18	j2rk			0	all the days the judge lived	“as long as the judge lived”
JDG	2	18	n8w4			0	pity	to have compassion for someone or something
JDG	2	18	g95t	figs-metonymy		0	as they groaned	The sound made by a person who suffers is used to describe the pain of the Israelites as they suffer. Alternate translation: “as they suffered” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	2	19	q63w	figs-metaphor		0	they would turn away	The people no longer obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if they would physically turn away from Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	2	19	fnt4			0	their fathers	“their ancestors” or “their forefathers”
JDG	2	19	kid3	figs-metaphor		0	They would go after other gods to serve them and worship them	The Israelites worshiping other gods is spoken of as if they were walking and going after other gods. Alternate translation: “They would serve and worship other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	2	19	lq1a	figs-litotes		0	They refused to give up any of their evil practices or their stubborn ways	“They refused to stop doing evil things and being stubborn.” This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “They continued doing evil things and being stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JDG	2	20	b7rk	figs-metaphor		0	The anger of Yahweh burned against Israel	The anger of Yahweh is described as burning like a fire. See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 2:14](../02/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	2	20	clk3	figs-metonymy		0	this nation has broken	Here “nation” represents the people. Alternate translation: “these people have broken” or “the Israelites have broken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	2	21	ry6q	figs-metonymy		0	any of the nations	Here “nations” represents the people groups that lived in Canaan before the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	2	22	n194	figs-metaphor		0	they will keep the way of Yahweh and walk in it	How Yahweh wants people to live or behave is spoken of as if it were a way or road. A person obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if they were walking in his way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	2	23	tn49	figs-doublet		0	did not drive them out quickly and give them into the hand of Joshua	These two phrases mean the same thing and can be combined. Alternate translation: “he did not let Joshua quickly conquer them and drive them out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JDG	2	23	b618	figs-metonymy		0	into the hand of Joshua	Here “hand” is a metonym for power, and “Joshua” represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “into the power of Joshua and his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	3	intro	k35h			0		# Judges 03 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The people worship false gods<br><br>Israel worshiped idols and false gods. Because of this, Yahweh allowed Aram and Moab to rule over them. In the period of Judges, when Israel sinned, they were often placed under the rule of a foreign power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Blew a trumpet”<br><br>When Ehud “blew a trumpet,” he was calling all of the men to come help him fight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
JDG	3	1	w2is			0	Now Yahweh	Here “Now” begins a new section of the story.
JDG	3	1	hp8z			0	these nations	This refers to the people groups that the narrator will list in 3:3.
JDG	3	1	xj63	figs-activepassive		0	who had not experienced any of the wars fought in Canaan	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “who had not fought in any of the wars in Canaan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	3	2	l4u8	writing-background		0	He did this to teach warfare to the new generation of the Israelites who had not known it before	This breaks from the main story line. The narrator gives background information about why Yahweh left some of the people groups in Canaan. Alternate translation: “Yahweh left nations among the Israelites to teach the young men who had not fought in battle before how to fight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG	3	3	mgb4	figs-synecdoche		0	the five kings	These five kings represent themselves and their people. Alternate translation: “the five kings and their people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	3	3	upq5	translate-names		0	Mount Baal Hermon	This is the highest mountain in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	3	3	z6zc	translate-names		0	Hamath Pass	This is the name of an area at the northern boundary of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	3	4	vqn2	figs-activepassive		0	These nations were left	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh left these nations in Canaan” or “Yahweh allowed these nations to continue to live in Canaan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	3	4	dzs7			0	as a means	“as a way”
JDG	3	4	f89f			0	whether they would…gave their ancestors	The words “they” and “their” refer to the people of Israel.
JDG	3	4	wbc7			0	the commands he gave	“the commands Yahweh gave”
JDG	3	7	p6m5	figs-metaphor		0	what was evil in the sight of Yahweh	The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	3	7	e1t1	figs-idiom		0	forgot Yahweh their God	Here “forgot” is an idiom that means “they stopped obeying.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	3	8	yg7p	figs-metaphor		0	the anger of Yahweh was set on fire	Yahweh becoming very angry is spoken of as if his anger were something that could be set on fire. Alternate translation: “Yahweh became very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	3	8	gwp8	figs-metaphor		0	sold them into the hand of Cushan-Rishathaim	Allowing the people of Israel to be conquered is spoken of as if Yahweh sold them to Cushan-Rishathaim. Alternate translation: “allowed Cushan-Rishathaim and his army to defeat them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	3	8	zj78	figs-metonymy		0	into the hand of Cushan-Rishathaim	Here “hand” is a metonym that represents power or control. Also, “Cushan-Rishathaim” is a synechdoche that represents himself and his army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	3	8	b1vl	translate-names		0	Cushan-Rishathaim	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	3	8	a27l	translate-names		0	Aram Naharaim	This is the name of a country. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	3	9	vg5k	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh raised up someone	Yahweh appointing someone to do a special work for him is spoken of as if Yahweh raised or lifted up the person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	3	9	k6r6			0	Othniel…Kenaz	See how you translated these men’s names in [Judges 1:13](../01/13.md).
JDG	3	10	y845			0	empowered him	This phrase means that Yahweh helped Othniel to have and develop the qualities he needed to be a great leader.
JDG	3	10	rq2z			0	he judged Israel	Here “judged” means he led the people of Israel.
JDG	3	10	k8cd	figs-synecdoche		0	he went out to war	Here “he” refers to Othniel who represents himself and the army of Israel. Alternate translation: “Othniel and the Israelite soldiers went to fight against the army of Cushan-Rishathaim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	3	10	l4lh	figs-synecdoche		0	Yahweh gave him victory over Cushan-Rishathaim king of Aram	Here “Cushan-Rishathaim” represents his army. Alternate translation: “Yahweh helped the Israelite army defeat the army of Cushan-Rishathaim king of Aram” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	3	10	f953	figs-metonymy		0	The hand of Othniel	Here “hand” is a metonym for army. Alternate translation: “The army of Othniel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	3	11	svg9	figs-metonymy		0	The land had peace	“The land” is used to refer to the people who lived in the land. Alternate translation: “The people lived peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	3	11	i8ks	translate-numbers		0	forty years	“40 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	3	12	l914	figs-metaphor		0	what was evil in the sight of Yahweh	The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	3	12	nj1t	figs-abstractnouns		0	Yahweh gave strength to Eglon king of Moab	The abstract noun “strength” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “Yahweh made Eglon king of Moab strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JDG	3	12	s1wn	figs-synecdoche		0	to Eglon king of Moab to overpower the Israelites	Here “Eglon king of Moab” represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “to Eglon king of Moab and his soldiers as they attacked the Israelite army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	3	12	z23q	translate-names		0	Eglon	This is the name of a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	3	13	rp3h			0	the City of Palms	This is another name for the city of Jericho. See how you translated this in [Judges 1:16](../01/16.md).
JDG	3	14	h6y6	translate-numbers		0	eighteen years	“18 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	3	15	mpv5			0	called out to Yahweh	Here this means to shout or speak loudly to someone far away. It can also mean to ask someone for help, especially God.
JDG	3	15	zn6d	figs-metaphor		0	raised up someone	Yahweh appointing someone to do a special service for him is spoken of as if he raised or lifted up the person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	3	15	jja5	translate-names		0	Ehud…Gera	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	3	15	w4sk			0	left-handed	Ehud was better able to hold a sword with his left hand.
JDG	3	16	fm5l	translate-bdistance		0	one cubit	If it is necessary to use a modern measurement of length, here are two ways of doing it. Alternate translation: “46 centimeters” or “about one half meter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
JDG	3	16	i3y7			0	he strapped it on under his clothing on his right thigh	“he tied it to his right thigh under his clothing”
JDG	3	16	s4wh			0	thigh	the part of the leg between the knee and the hip
JDG	3	17	k42d	writing-background		0	Now Eglon was a very fat man	Here “Now” is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells background information about Eglon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG	3	19	q56y	figs-activepassive		0	when he reached the place where the carved images were made near Gilgal	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when he arrived at the place near Gilgal where people made carved images” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	3	20	f67g			0	in the coolness of the upper room	This is a room above the lower level that was used for rest and to remain cool during the hot part of the day.
JDG	3	20	p7ft	translate-symaction		0	The king got up out of his seat	Standing up was a sign of honoring God will listening to his message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JDG	3	22	k49p			0	The tip of the sword came out of his back	“The sharp end of the sword came out of his back”
JDG	3	23	djg4			0	porch	an outside room with low walls and a roof covering
JDG	3	24	z2qt	figs-euphemism		0	Surely he is relieving himself	This is a polite way to speak about a person having a bowel movement (defecating) or urinating. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JDG	3	25	d7zv			0	until they felt they were neglecting their duty	They waited until they became worried that something was wrong and it was their duty to open the doors to their king’s private room.
JDG	3	25	e1jf			0	took the key and opened them	“took the key and opened the doors”
JDG	3	26	r2ig	figs-events		0	While the servants were waiting…Ehud escaped	This tells what happened before the servants opened the doors to the upper room and found the king dead. Alternate translation: “Meanwhile, as the servants were still waiting outside of the upper room…Ehud escaped” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
JDG	3	26	x36q	translate-names		0	Seirah	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	3	27	zet1	figs-ellipsis		0	When he arrived	This could be made clearer. Alternate translation: “When he arrived in Seirah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JDG	3	28	s9y4			0	General Information:	Ehud speaks to the people of Israel in Ephraim.
JDG	3	28	ax6h	figs-metaphor		0	for Yahweh is about to defeat your enemies	Yahweh helping the Israelites to defeat their enemies is spoken of as if Yahweh were a warrior who would fight and defeat their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	3	28	i3vy			0	captured the fords	“gained control of the fords”
JDG	3	28	k9q1			0	fords	the areas of a river where it is shallow and easy to walk across to the other side
JDG	3	28	uf81			0	did not allow anyone to cross	“did not let anyone cross”
JDG	3	29	jjy8	translate-numbers		0	ten thousand men	“10,000 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	3	29	e6ge			0	capable men	“able men” or “men able to fight well”
JDG	3	30	ch1z	figs-activepassive		0	Moab was subdued by the strength of Israel	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Israelite army defeated the Moabites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	3	30	par9	figs-metonymy		0	the strength of Israel	Here “strength” represents the Israelite army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	3	30	w1xr	figs-metonymy		0	the land had rest	Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “the Israelites lived peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	3	30	dln1	translate-numbers		0	eighty years	“80 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	3	31	psq1			0	judge	God appointed judges to lead the people of Israel in times of trouble after they entered the Promised Land and before they had kings. Often judges rescued the Israelites from their enemies.
JDG	3	31	xdh8	translate-names		0	Shamgar	The name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	3	31	uz68	translate-names		0	Anath	The name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	3	31	f6s9	translate-numbers		0	600 men	“six hundred men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	3	31	z3lr			0	a stick used to goad cattle	Cattle farmers would poke their cattle with a sharp stick to make them move. AT “a stick used to urge cattle to move” or “a stick used to direct cattle”
JDG	3	31	n8z3	figs-metonymy		0	He also delivered Israel from danger	The word “danger” refers to enemies that tried to harm the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “He also delivered the people of Israel from their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	4	intro	pjw5			0		# Judges 04 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br>Chapters 4 and 5 form one section about Barak and Deborah.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Barak’s leadership<br><br>At this time, it was very unusual for a woman to be a leader, especially a military leader. Barak lacked the strength to go into battle without Deborah. This indicates that Barak was a poor leader. If a woman won the battle for him, it would have brought Barak shame. It also indicates that Deborah was very well respected. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
JDG	4	1	h4q7			0	Ehud	See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md).
JDG	4	1	aq65	figs-metaphor		0	what was evil in the sight of Yahweh	The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	4	2	yj14	figs-metonymy		0	Yahweh sold them into the hand of Jabin king of Canaan	Here “hand” refers to Jabin’s power over Israel. Yahweh’s decision to give Jabin power over them is spoken of as if Yahweh had sold them to Jabin. Alternate translation: “Yahweh allowed them to be defeated by the power of Jabin king of Canaan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	4	2	i943	translate-names		0	Jabin…Sisera	These are the names of men (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	4	2	fk1t	translate-names		0	Hazor…Harosheth Haggoyim	These are the names of cities or places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	4	3	ftq8	translate-numbers		0	nine hundred iron chariots	“900 iron chariots” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	4	3	k27q			0	twenty years	“20 years”
JDG	4	4	e7xn	writing-background		0	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells background information about Deborah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG	4	4	nnu6	translate-names		0	Deborah	This is the name of a woman (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	4	4	gru6	translate-names		0	Lappidoth	This is the name of a man (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	4	4	lj93			0	judge	God appointed judges to lead the Israelites in times of trouble. Often the judges rescued them from their enemies.
JDG	4	5	uy3x			0	palm of Deborah	This tree was named after Deborah.
JDG	4	6	b5l8	translate-names		0	General Information:	The writer of Judges refers to men, a city, a mountain, and a river by their names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	4	6	ehp5	translate-names		0	Barak…Abinoam	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	4	6	yn83	translate-names		0	Mount Tabor	This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	4	6	vi2x	translate-numbers		0	ten thousand men	“10,000 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	4	7	rm5r			0	I will draw out	Here “I” refers to God.
JDG	4	7	mmc1	figs-synecdoche		0	draw out Sisera	Here “Sisera” represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “draw out Sisera and his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	4	7	hl3v			0	draw out	to cause people to come away from a safe location
JDG	4	7	k3na			0	Sisera…Jabin	See how you translated these men’s names in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
JDG	4	7	sue6	translate-names		0	Kishon	This is the name of a river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	4	8	qr6v			0	General Information:	Barak has a discussion with Deborah.
JDG	4	8	b27v			0	Barak	See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
JDG	4	9	y6ww	figs-metaphor		0	the road on which you are going will not lead to your honor	The choice Barak makes is spoken of as if Barak were choosing a road on which to travel. And, “honor” is spoken of as if it were a destination to which one travels. Alternate translation: “no one will honor you for what you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	4	9	v8ri	figs-metonymy		0	for Yahweh will sell Sisera into the hand of a woman	Here “hand” refers to her power to kill him. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh will cause a woman to defeat Sisera” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	4	9	msw7			0	Sisera	See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
JDG	4	9	bi9q			0	Deborah	See how you translated this woman’s name in [Judges 4:4](../04/04.md).
JDG	4	10	g69f	translate-numbers		0	Ten thousand men	“10,000 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	4	11	wq16	writing-background		0	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells background information about Heber the Kenite. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG	4	11	fty7	translate-names		0	Heber…Hobab	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	4	11	aup8			0	Kenite	See how you translated this in [Judges 1:16](../01/16.md)
JDG	4	11	jez1			0	Moses’ father-in-law	“the father of Moses’ wife”
JDG	4	11	y5mf	translate-names		0	Zaanannim	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	4	12	rkt1			0	When they told Sisera	Here “they” does not identify anyone specifically. Alternate translation: “When someone told Sisera”
JDG	4	12	dcw1			0	Sisera	See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
JDG	4	12	i2cf			0	Barak…Abinoam…Mount Tabor	See how you translated these names in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
JDG	4	13	r3xw	figs-metonymy		0	Sisera called out all his chariots	Here “chariots” represents the soldiers who drove the chariots. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	4	13	avt4	translate-numbers		0	nine hundred iron chariots	“900 iron chariots” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	4	13	x4xy			0	Harosheth Haggoyim	See how you translated the name of this city in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
JDG	4	13	a7q6			0	Kishon River	See how you translated this in [Judges 4:7](../04/07.md).
JDG	4	14	pb3b	figs-pastforfuture		0	Yahweh has given you victory	Because Deborah is certain of victory, she speaks as if Barak had already won the battle. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will give you victory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
JDG	4	14	r1ph	figs-rquestion		0	Is not Yahweh leading you?	Deborah asks this question to remind Barak that they fight on the side of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Remember, Yahweh is leading you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	4	14	fv1q	translate-numbers		0	with ten thousand	“with 10,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	4	15	t5qj			0	Yahweh confused Sisera and all his chariots and all his army	“Yahweh made Sisera and all his chariots and all his army unable to think clearly” or “Yahweh made Sisera and all his chariots and all his army panic”
JDG	4	15	u8qh	figs-metonymy		0	all his chariots	Here the word “chariots” is a metonym for the soldiers driving the chariots. Alternate translation: “all the men driving chariots” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	4	16	qj43	figs-synecdoche		0	Barak pursued	Here “Barak” represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “Barak and his soldiers chased” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	4	16	ce5l			0	Harosheth	Translate this the same way you did in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
JDG	4	16	x3gk	figs-synecdoche		0	the whole army of Sisera was killed by the edge of the sword	Here “sword” represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Barak and his soldiers killed Sisera’s whole army with their swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	4	17	ayi3			0	Sisera…Jabin…Hazor	See how you translated these names in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
JDG	4	17	h17w	figs-idiom		0	ran away on foot	This is an idiom that means he was walking rather than riding a horse or in a chariot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	4	17	mp3u	translate-names		0	Jael	This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	4	17	s2ne			0	Heber	See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 4:11](../04/11.md).
JDG	4	17	kwu8			0	Kenite	See how you translated this in [Judges 1:16](../01/16.md).
JDG	4	18	k8b1	figs-explicit		0	Turn aside	This means to change course during a journey in order to rest. Alternate translation: “Come here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	4	18	u5k9			0	blanket	a large covering for the body to sleep under for warmth, made of wool or animal skins
JDG	4	19	cn6j			0	He said to her	“Sisera said to Jael”
JDG	4	21	ctd6			0	tent peg	a pointed piece of wood or metal, like a large nail, that is hammered into the ground to hold down a corner of a tent
JDG	4	21	i8q2			0	hammer	a heavy tool made of wood used to hit a tent peg into the ground
JDG	4	21	lvc4	figs-metaphor		0	a deep sleep	Like a person in a deep hole cannot easily climb out, a person in a deep sleep cannot easily wake up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	4	22	n7wq			0	Barak was pursuing	“Barak was chasing” or “Barak was following after”
JDG	4	23	xzh1	figs-metaphor		0	God defeated Jabin, the king of Canaan, before the people of Israel	God causing the Israelites to defeat Jabin and his army is spoken of as is God himself defeated Jabin as the people of Israel watched. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	4	24	y25t			0	The might	“The military power”
JDG	4	24	zcb9	figs-synecdoche		0	they destroyed him	Here “him” refers to Jabin who represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “they destroyed Jabin and his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	5	intro	jgd9			0		# Judges 05 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Deborah and Barak continues in this chapter.<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart quotations, prayers, and songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of Chapter 5, which is a song, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### The flood<br><br>God caused rain and flooding to bog down Jaban’s chariots making<br>them vulnerable to soldiers on foot, even though it is not said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
JDG	5	1	w7ex	figs-explicit		0	On that day	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “On the day the Israelites defeated the army of King Jabin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	5	1	pfq9			0	Deborah	See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:4](../04/04.md).
JDG	5	1	l3sj			0	Barak…Abinoam	See how you translated these names in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
JDG	5	2	s181			0	when the people gladly volunteer for war	“when the men agree to fight in battle”
JDG	5	3	awd4	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Deborah and Barak’s song continues using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
JDG	5	3	hs8j	figs-apostrophe		0	Listen, you kings! Pay attention, you leaders	Deborah and Barak speak to the kings and leaders as if they were there listening to the song. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
JDG	5	3	cbt1			0	you kings…you leaders	This refers to kings and leaders in general, not to specific kings or leaders.
JDG	5	4	f5pu	figs-metaphor		0	when you went out from Seir, when you marched from Edom	This refers to the time when the Israelites left Edom to start conquering the people in Canaan. Yahweh empowering his people to defeat the people of Canaan is spoken of as if he were a warrior leading the Israelite army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	5	4	vj7e	translate-names		0	Seir	Seir is a mountain on the border of the land of Israel and Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	5	4	hw54	figs-metaphor		0	the earth shook, and the skies also trembled; also the clouds poured down water	Possible meanings are 1) this is poetic language that emphasizes Yahweh’s power by describing it as causing earthquakes and storms or 2) the people of Canaan being terrified as the Israelites were about to attack them is spoken of as if the earth and sky were shaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	5	5	db6h	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Deborah and Barak’s song continues using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
JDG	5	5	p4qp	figs-personification		0	The mountains quaked	This probably refers to earthquakes and gives the impression that the mountains quaked because they were very afraid of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “The mountains trembled in fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	5	5	d62l	figs-metonymy		0	before the face of Yahweh	Here “face” refers Yahweh’s presence. Alternate translation: “in the presence of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	5	5	wuf5	figs-explicit		0	even Mount Sinai quaked	When Moses and Israel were at Mount Sinai, it quaked. Alternate translation: “long ago, even Mount Sinai quaked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	5	6	he9e			0	In the days of	“During the lifetime of”
JDG	5	6	asi7	translate-names		0	Shamgar…Anath…Jael	These are the names of people. See how you translated Shamgar and Anath in [Judges 3:31](../03/31.md) and Jael in [Judges 4:18](../04/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	5	6	rw34	writing-background		0	son of Anath	Shamgar’s father is mentioned to help identify Shamgar and when he lived. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG	5	6	ki5e	figs-activepassive		0	the main roads were abandoned	This can be stated in active form and you can make explicit why the roads were abandoned Alternate translation: “people stopped using the main roads; because they were afraid of Israel’s enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	5	6	i6j5			0	the winding paths	This refers to smaller roads that fewer people traveled on.
JDG	5	7	n27x	figs-metaphor		0	I, Deborah, arose—arose as a mother in Israel	Deborah speaks of becoming a leader in Israel as if she were a mother taking care of young children. Alternate translation: “I, Deborah, began to lead—I took care of the Israelites as a mother takes care of her children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	5	8	mxk4	figs-explicit		0	they chose new gods	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel worshiped new gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	5	8	duj5	figs-synecdoche		0	there was fighting at the city gates	Here “gates” represents the entire city. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “enemies attacked the people within the Israelite cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	5	8	v83h	figs-hyperbole		0	there were no shields or spears seen among forty thousand in Israel	This statement is probably an exaggeration about how few weapons the Israelites had. Alternate translation: “few weapons for battle remained in Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JDG	5	8	dl2n	translate-numbers		0	forty thousand in Israel	“40,000 in Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	5	9	u5zy	figs-metonymy		0	My heart goes out to the commanders of Israel	The word “heart” represents a person’s emotions. The phrase “My heart goes out to” is a way of saying that Deborah feels gratitude or appreciation. Alternate translation: “I appreciate the commanders of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	5	10	dt2p	figs-merism		0	you who ride on white donkeys…you who walk along the road	This contrast probably refers to rich people and poor people. Alternate translation: “you rich people who ride on white donkeys…you poor people who walk along the road” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JDG	5	10	vf24			0	sitting on rugs for saddles	These rugs were probably used as saddles on the donkey’s back to make the rider more comfortable.
JDG	5	11	v16w			0	General Information:	The song of Deborah and Barak continues.
JDG	5	11	v4bj	figs-synecdoche		0	Hear the voices of those	Here “voices” represents the people singing. Alternate translation: “Listen to those” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	5	11	f6il	figs-synecdoche		0	went down to the city gates	Here “gates” represents the whole city. Alternate translation: “returned to their cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	5	12	q8vl	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Deborah and Barak’s song continues using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
JDG	5	12	de7e			0	Awake, awake	Possible speakers are 1) the people of Israel or 2) Deborah who is speaking to herself or 3) the poet who wrote the song.
JDG	5	12	jc43			0	Deborah	See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:4](../04/04.md).
JDG	5	12	qc51			0	Barak…Abinoam	See how you translated these names in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
JDG	5	13	tl3e			0	to me with the warriors	The word “me” refers to Deborah.
JDG	5	14	e478	figs-metaphor		0	from Ephraim, whose root is in Amalek	The people of Ephraim living in the land where the descendants of Amalek originally lived is spoken of as if the people of Ephraim were planted and their roots grew into the land. Alternate translation: “from Ephraim, that land where the descendants of Amalek once lived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	5	14	k3ph	figs-you		0	followed you	Here “you” refers to the people of Ephraim. It can be stated in third person. Alternate translation: “followed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JDG	5	14	yna1	translate-names		0	Machir	This is the place where the descendants of Machir live. Machir was the son of Manasseh and the grandson of Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	5	14	rl91	figs-metonymy		0	from Zebulun those who carry an officer’s staff	Military leaders are described by the staff, a symbol of their authority. Alternate translation: “military leaders from Zebulun” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	5	15	ruv4	figs-123person		0	My princes in Issachar were with Deborah	Here “My” refers to Deborah. This whole statement can be translated in first person. Alternate translation: “My princes in Issachar were with me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JDG	5	15	w1en			0	Deborah	See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:4](../04/04.md).
JDG	5	15	sn4n	figs-metonymy		0	Issachar was with Barak	Here “Issachar” refers to the tribe of Issachar. Alternate translation: “the tribe of Issachar was with Barak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	5	15	yt1t			0	Barak	See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
JDG	5	15	z2wa			0	rushing after him into the valley under his command	“obeying his command and rushing after him into the valley”
JDG	5	15	u31z			0	rushing after	“following after” or “hurrying after”
JDG	5	15	sdi1	figs-metonymy		0	there were great searchings of heart	Here “heart” represents thoughts. The people discussing with each other but being unable to decide what they should do is spoken of as if they were searching their heart. Alternate translation: “there was a lot of discussing about what they should do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	5	16	wc6c	figs-rquestion		0	Why did you sit between the fireplaces, listening to the shepherds playing their pipes for their flocks?	This question is asked to criticize the people of Reuben because they did not decide to come fight in the battle. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have helped us fight, instead of staying at home and listening to the shepherds playing their pipes for their flocks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	5	16	xdd2			0	the fireplaces	Some versions of the Bible have the translation “the sheepfolds” or “the sheep pens.”
JDG	5	16	jg14	figs-metonymy		0	there were great searchings of heart	Here “heart” represents thoughts. The people discussing with each other but being unable to decide what they should do is spoken of as if they were searching their heart. See how you translated this in [Judges 5:15](../05/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	5	17	pg1n	figs-metonymy		0	Gilead stayed	Here “Gilead” the men from Gilead who should have gone to fight in battle. Alternate translation: “The men of Gilead stayed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	5	17	zwj6	figs-explicit		0	the other side of the Jordan	This refers to the east side of the Jordan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	5	17	l6vz	figs-rquestion		0	Dan, why did he wander about on ships?	This question is asked to express anger because the people of the tribe of Dan would not fight for Israel. Alternate translation: “the men of Dan should not have remained on their ships!” or “the people of the tribe of Dan did not help us in the battle. Instead they were wandering around on the sea in ships!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	5	17	wn8k	figs-metonymy		0	Dan, why did he	Here “Dan” represents the men from Dan who should have gone to fight in battle. Alternate translation: “the men of Dan, why did they” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	5	17	wy1c	figs-explicit		0	wander about on ships	The tribe of Dan was located near the Mediterranean sea. They sailed on the sea to make money through trade and fishing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	5	17	q466	figs-explicit		0	Asher remained on the coast and lived close to his harbors	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “The people of the tribe of Asher also failed to help us, they just remained on the coast near their harbors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	5	17	hk9v	figs-metonymy		0	Asher remained	Here “Asher” represents the men who should have gone to fight in battle. Alternate translation: “The men of Asher remained” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	5	17	s37f			0	harbors	places at the seacoast with deeper water where ships were kept
JDG	5	18	iq38	figs-ellipsis		0	Naphtali, also	You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “Naphtali was a tribe who would also risk their lives to the point of death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JDG	5	19	klr4	figs-synecdoche		0	The kings came, they fought…the kings of Canaan fought	The king of a people group is used to refer to himself and the army he commands. Alternate translation: “The kings and their armies came and fought…the kings of Canaan and their armies fought” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	5	19	qh9s	figs-ellipsis		0	they fought…fought	The word “us” is understood. Alternate translation: “they fought us…fought us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JDG	5	19	bwx4			0	Taanach…Megiddo	Translate the names of these places as you did in [Judges 1:27](../01/27.md).
JDG	5	19	jn5l	figs-synecdoche		0	no silver as plunder	Here “silver” represents any treasure in general. Alternate translation: “no silver or other treasures as plunder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	5	19	lin6			0	plunder	things taken by force, usually in battle or by thieves
JDG	5	20	uwf8	figs-personification		0	From heaven the stars fought, from their paths across the heavens they fought against Sisera	Yahweh helping the Israelite to defeat Sisera and his army is spoken of as if the stars themselves fought against Sisera and his army. This may refer to Yahweh using natural elements, specifically rain storms, to defeat Sisera. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JDG	5	20	r9rm	figs-synecdoche		0	against Sisera	Here “Sisera” represents himself and his whole army. Alternate translation: “Sisera and his army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	5	20	ac6p			0	Sisera	See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
JDG	5	21	yn1b	figs-explicit		0	The Kishon River swept them away	Because of the heavy rain the river flooded quickly causing the chariots to be stuck in the mud and drowning many soldiers. Alternate translation: “The Kishon River flooded and swept away Sisera’s soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	5	21	h8ac			0	Kishon	See how you translated this in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
JDG	5	21	je12	figs-synecdoche		0	March on my soul, be strong	Here “soul” refers to the whole person. The word “my” refers to Deborah. Alternate translation: “I tell myself to march on and to be strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	5	22	wx9v	figs-explicit		0	Then came the sound of horses’ hooves—galloping, the galloping of his mighty ones	This describes the sound of many horses running away from the battle. Alternate translation: “Then I heard the sound of horses running away. Sisera’s mighty horses were running away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	5	22	n754			0	galloping	runninb quickly
JDG	5	23	gg5n	figs-metonymy		0	Curse Meroz	Here “Meroz” represents the people who lived there. Alternate translation: “Curse the people of Meroz” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	5	23	cdl6	translate-names		0	Meroz	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	5	24	n5q6			0	Jael	See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:18](../04/18.md).
JDG	5	24	r37w			0	Heber	See how you translated this name in [Judges 4:11](../04/11.md).
JDG	5	24	jve5			0	Kenite	Translate the name of this people group as you did in [Judges 1:16](../01/16.md).
JDG	5	25	a4wl			0	brought him butter	Here “butter” refers to curdled milk. This was the best milk and a favorite drink among Jael’s people. Alternate translation: “brought him yogurt” or “brought him curds”
JDG	5	25	viu5	figs-explicit		0	a dish fit for princes	This phrase means the dish was of the best quality because princes were given the best things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	5	26	k8d2			0	She put her hand to the tent peg	“Jael grabbed the tent peg with her left hand”
JDG	5	26	iyf8			0	tent peg	This is a pointed piece of wood or metal, like a large nail, that is hammered into the ground to hold down a corner of a tent. See how you translated this in [Judges 4:21](../04/21.md).
JDG	5	26	c1yp	figs-ellipsis		0	her right hand to the workman’s hammer	This can be stated as a complete sentence. Alternate translation: “she grabbed a hammer with her right hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JDG	5	26	va7c			0	hammer	This is a heavy tool made of wood used to hit a tent peg into the ground. See how you translated this in [Judges 4:21](../04/21.md).
JDG	5	26	hkm3			0	Sisera	See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 4:2](../04/02.md).
JDG	5	27	e9gf			0	limp	without strength or movement
JDG	5	27	ezv3	figs-activepassive		0	he was violently killed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “she killed him” or “he died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	5	28	duq1			0	the lattice	This is a frame in the window made of crossed wood.
JDG	5	28	mw4d	figs-parallelism		0	Why has it taken his chariot so long to come? Why have the hoofbeats of the horses that pull his chariots been delayed?	Both of these questions mean the same thing. These two statements can be combined. Alternate translation: “Why is it taking Sisera so long to arrive home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JDG	5	28	k2dy	figs-metonymy		0	taken his chariot…Why have the hoofbeats of the horses that pull his chariots	Both of these represent Sisera. Alternate translation: “taken Sisera…Why has he” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	5	29	xa2n			0	wisest princesses	A “princess” is the daughter of a king, but a “princess” can also mean female advisers to the king’s family. Alternate translation: “wisest ladies”
JDG	5	29	mw32			0	she gave herself the same answer	“she said to herself the same thing”
JDG	5	30	l98i	figs-rquestion		0	Have they not found and divided up the plunder—a womb…plunder?	The women use a question to emphasize that they believe this is what certainly happened. Alternate translation: “They must have so much plunder that it is taking a long time to divide it. They have…plunder.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	5	30	cw6v	figs-rquestion		0	a womb, two wombs for every man…of those who plunder?	The women use a question to emphasize that they believe this is what certainly happened. Alternate translation: “There must be a womb, two wombs for every man…of those who plunder.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	5	30	xgr7	figs-synecdoche		0	a womb, two wombs for every man	Here “womb” represents a woman. Sisera’s mother believes Sisera’s men have captured many women. Alternate translation: “Each soldier will receive a woman or two” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	5	30	p9nz			0	dyed fabric	“colored cloth” or “colored clothes”
JDG	5	30	zp9h			0	embroidered	having designs made of colored threads
JDG	5	30	yg2c	figs-synecdoche		0	for the necks of those who plunder	Here “necks” represents Sisera’s soldiers. Alternate translation: “for the soldiers who plunder to wear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	5	31	bi4x	figs-simile		0	like the sun when it rises in its might	The people of Israel wish to be like the sun that rises because no nation’s army is powerful enough to stop the sunrise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JDG	5	31	q1yt	figs-metonymy		0	the land had peace	Here “the land” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “and the people of Israel lived peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	5	31	mw3u	translate-numbers		0	for forty years	“for 40 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	6	intro	p5sj			0		# Judges 06 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a section about Gideon. (Chapters 6-8)<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Israel’s punishment<br>In Judges, Israel’s actions are connected to their obedience to Yahweh. When Israel does evil, they are oppressed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]])<br>
JDG	6	1	ht3z	figs-metaphor		0	what was evil in the sight of Yahweh	The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	6	1	l9nl	figs-metonymy		0	the hand of Midian	Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Also, “hand” represents control. Alternate translation: “the control of the people of Midian” or “the control of the Midianites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	6	2	bs4z	figs-metonymy		0	The power of Midian oppressed Israel	Here “the power of Midian” refers to the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “The people of Midian were more powerful than the people of Israel and they oppressed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	6	2	pl5z			0	dens	places in the rocky cliffs that would provide shelter
JDG	6	4	zcp1			0	They would set up their army	“The army would encamp” or “The army would set up their tents”
JDG	6	5	i2ld			0	Whenever they and their livestock and tents came up	The land of Midian was south of the land of Israel, near the Red Sea. It was common to use the phrase “came up” when speaking of traveling from Midian to Israel. Alternate translation: “Whenever the Midianites brought their livestock and tents to the land of Israel”
JDG	6	5	e5sl	figs-simile		0	they would come as a swarm of locusts	The Midianites are compared to a swarm of locusts because they came in with a great number of people and their livestock ate everything that grew. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JDG	6	5	ra2i	figs-hyperbole		0	it was impossible to count	This is an exaggeration, a hyperbole, showing the number is very great. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JDG	6	6	eg3l	figs-metonymy		0	Midian weakened	Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	6	6	lcc3	figs-idiom		0	called out to Yahweh	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “prayed to Yahweh for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	6	7	z7sa	figs-idiom		0	called out to Yahweh	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “prayed to Yahweh for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	6	7	r2ej	figs-metonymy		0	because of Midian	Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “because of the Midianites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	6	8	q22q			0	I brought you up from Egypt	“I led you out of Egypt”
JDG	6	8	h336	figs-metaphor		0	the house of slavery	Moses speaks of Egypt as if it were a house where people keep slaves. Alternate translation: “the place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	6	9	ue1t	figs-metonymy		0	from the hand	In this phrase “hand” represents power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	6	10	ne4s	figs-metonymy		0	obeyed my voice	- Here “my voice” represents what Yahweh commanded. Alternate translation: “obeyed my command” or “obeyed me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	6	11	sex8			0	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
JDG	6	11	r6sg	translate-names		0	Ophrah	This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	6	11	iz4d	translate-names		0	Abiezrite	This is a people group named after their ancestor Abiezer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	6	11	y3ww			0	was separating out the wheat by beating it on the floor	This is a process called “threshing.” Gideon was beating the wheat against the floor to separate the wheat grain from the rest of the wheat plant.
JDG	6	12	fe5w			0	appeared to him	“went to him”
JDG	6	13	as35			0	my master	Gideon uses the word “master” as a polite way to greet a stranger. He does not realize he is speaking to Yahweh in the form of an angel or a man.
JDG	6	13	in9x	figs-rquestion		0	Where are all his wonderful deeds that our fathers told us about, when they said, ‘Did not Yahweh bring us up from Egypt?’	Gideon uses a question to challenge the stranger’s statement that Yahweh was with him. Also, the direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “We have not seen any wonderful deeds like the ones our fathers told us about when Yahweh brought them up from Egypt.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
JDG	6	13	e2k9	figs-idiom		0	gave us into the hand of Midian	The phrase “gave us into” means Yahweh allowed the Israelites to be defeated. Alternate translation: “allowed the Midianites to defeat us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	6	13	vi7e	figs-metonymy		0	gave us into the hand	Here “hand” represents power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	6	13	buc4	figs-metonymy		0	of Midian	Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “of the Midianites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	6	14	n2w1			0	Yahweh looked at him	“Yahweh looked at Gideon”
JDG	6	14	kx2t	figs-metonymy		0	from the hand	Here “hand” represents power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	6	14	wuu9	figs-metonymy		0	of Midian	Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “of the Midianites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	6	14	zs9h	figs-rquestion		0	Have I not sent you?	Yahweh uses a question to ensure Gideon that he is sending him. Here “sent” means Yahweh has appointed Gideon with a specific task. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, am sending you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	6	15	w5e8			0	Please, Lord	Gideon now calls the person “Lord” instead of “my master” as in [Judges 6:13](../06/13.md). Here it seems Gideon either knows or suspects that he is speaking with Yahweh.
JDG	6	15	wn75	figs-rquestion		0	how can I deliver Israel?	Gideon uses a question to emphasize that he does not think he can rescue the Israelites. Alternate translation: “I cannot possibly rescue the Israelites!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	6	15	gpv8			0	See, my family	“Look at my family and me and you will see that it”
JDG	6	15	gp6c			0	in Manasseh	“in the tribe of Manasseh”
JDG	6	15	tw55	figs-metonymy		0	in my father’s house	Here “house” represents a family. Alternate translation: “in my father’s family” or “in my family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	6	16	p1xa	figs-idiom		0	I will be with you	Here “be with you” is an idiom that means Yahweh will help and bless Gideon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	6	16	fhe8	figs-explicit		0	as one man	You can state the full meaning explicitly. Alternate translation: “as easily as if you were fighting only one man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	6	18	ngy5			0	set it before you	“place it in front of you”
JDG	6	19	kmz6	translate-bvolume		0	from an ephah of flour	If it is necessary to use a modern measurement; here is one way of doing it. Alternate translation: “with 22 liters of flour” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
JDG	6	19	c4pf			0	broth	water that has had food, such as meat, cooked in it
JDG	6	19	r55k			0	them to him	“them to the angel of God”
JDG	6	20	u9cs			0	angel of God	This is the same as the angel of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “God, who was in the form of an angel” or “God”
JDG	6	21	ggc2			0	angel of Yahweh	In 6:11-24 Yahweh appears to Gideon in the form of an angel. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
JDG	6	21	x8t9			0	went away	“disappeared”
JDG	6	22	x6iw			0	angel of Yahweh	In 6:11-24 Yahweh appears to Gideon in the form of an angel. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
JDG	6	22	l2pp	figs-exclamations		0	Ah, Lord Yahweh!	The word “Ah” here shows that Gideon was very frightened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
JDG	6	22	c1kt	figs-idiom		0	seen the angel of Yahweh face to face	This phrase refers to two people being close to each other. Alternate translation: “really seen the angel of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	6	23	b3ha	figs-explicit		0	Yahweh said to him	Apparently Yahweh spoke to Gideon from heaven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	6	24	s81y			0	To this day	This means to the time when the book of Judges was written.
JDG	6	24	y4ya			0	Ophrah	Translate the name of this town as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
JDG	6	24	w4kn			0	the clan of Abiezer	Translate the name of this people group as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
JDG	6	25	h71y	translate-ordinal		0	a second bull	The word “second” is the ordinal number for “two.” Alternate translation: “another bull” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JDG	6	25	n1rh			0	that is beside it	“that is beside the altar of Baal”
JDG	6	26	tj4p			0	on the top of this place of refuge	The city of Ophrah was on top of a hill. Israelites fled there for refuge from the Midianites.
JDG	6	26	gvr9			0	construct it the correct way	“place the stones in an orderly manner” or “and build it properly”
JDG	6	27	xp8k			0	did as Yahweh had told him	This refers to Yahweh’s command in [Judges 6:25-26](./25.md).
JDG	6	28	mii1			0	got up	“got up out of bed” or “woke up”
JDG	6	28	i5zb	figs-activepassive		0	the altar of Baal was broken down, and the Asherah that was beside it was cut down, and the second bull had been offered on the altar that had been built	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they noticed that someone had broken down the altar of Baal, cut down the Asherah that was beside it, and built an altar and sacrificed the second bull on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	6	30	r7h5	figs-activepassive		0	he may be put to death	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “we may kill him as punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	6	31	jw4v	figs-rquestion		0	Will you plead the case for Baal?	Joash uses a question to emphasize that a human should not have to defend a god. Alternate translation: “You should not have to defend Baal.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	6	31	xk3a			0	plead the case	“make a defense” or “give an excuse”
JDG	6	31	n471	figs-rquestion		0	Will you save him?	Joash uses a question to emphasize that a human should not have to rescue a god. Alternate translation: “You should not have to save Baal.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	6	32	j4wk	translate-names		0	Jerub Baal	This is another name for Gideon. It means “let Baal defend himself.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	6	32	q44c			0	because he said	“because Joash said”
JDG	6	33	ual5			0	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
JDG	6	33	eu5d	figs-explicit		0	gathered together	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “gathered together as an army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	6	34	d9eb	figs-idiom		0	came over Gideon	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “took control of Gideon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	6	34	sz1y			0	clan of Abiezer	Translate the name of this people group as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
JDG	6	34	zxl8	figs-ellipsis		0	so they might follow him	The words “to battle” are understood. Alternate translation: “so they might follow him to battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JDG	6	35	sy9t	figs-activepassive		0	and they too, were called out to follow him	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “calling them out to follow him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	6	35	qb25	figs-metonymy		0	to Asher, Zebulun, and Naphtali	These all represent the people of each tribe. Alternate translation: “to the tribes of Asher, Zebulun, and Naphtali” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	6	37	uf1b			0	woolen fleece	the woolly coat of a sheep
JDG	6	37	qz5z			0	dew	water that forms on plants during the night
JDG	6	37	s8ri	figs-explicit		0	then I will know that you will	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “this will be a sign from you, and then I will know that you will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	6	38	cs87			0	Gideon rose	“Gideon got out of bed”
JDG	6	38	ub6l			0	wrung	twist and squeeze something to remove water
JDG	7	intro	q545			0		# Judges 07 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Gideon continues in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### God gets all of the credit<br><br>God said, “There are too many soldiers for me to give you victory over the Midianites. Make sure that Israel will not boast against me, saying, ‘Our own power has saved us.’” By lowering the number of fighting soldiers, it emphasizes that the victory is achieved through God’s power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]])<br>
JDG	7	1	u963			0	Jerub Baal	This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated his name in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
JDG	7	1	se4n			0	they encamped	“they set up their camp”
JDG	7	1	q9lu	translate-names		0	spring of Harod…hill of Moreh	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	7	1	w8xb	figs-metonymy		0	The camp of Midian was to their north	Here “Midian” represents the Midianite army. Alternate translation: “The Midianite army set up their camp to the north of the Israelite army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	7	2	ja78	figs-abstractnouns		0	for me to give you victory over the Midianites	The word “victory” is an abstract noun that can be translated as a verb or an adjective. Alternate translation: “for me to allow you to defeat the Midianites” or “for me to cause you to be victorious over the Midianites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JDG	7	2	ww36	figs-metonymy		0	Our own power has saved us	Here “power” represents the people themselves. Alternate translation: “We have saved ourselves without God’s help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	7	3	i31q			0	Now	This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
JDG	7	3	ahw6	figs-synecdoche		0	proclaim in the ears of the people	Here “the ears” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “proclaim to the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	7	3	gt6x	figs-parallelism		0	Whoever is afraid, whoever trembles	Both of these phrases have the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JDG	7	3	h7mv			0	trembles	This word describes fear that causes a person to uncontrollably shake. Alternate translation: “shakes with fear”
JDG	7	3	m53a	figs-explicit		0	let him return	You can make explicit where he will go. Alternate translation: “let him return to his home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	7	3	iup9	translate-names		0	Mount Gilead	This is the name of a mountain in the region of Gilead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	7	3	s1sd	translate-numbers		0	twenty-two thousand	“22,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	7	3	wn6f	figs-ellipsis		0	ten thousand remained	The word “people” or “men” is understood. Alternate translation: “10,000 people remained” or “10,000 men remained” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JDG	7	3	z1zr	translate-numbers		0	ten thousand	“10,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	7	4	t9yd	figs-metonymy		0	I will make their number smaller for you there	Here “number” represents the army. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “there, I will show you who to send home so the army will have less men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	7	5	iem1	figs-go		0	Gideon brought	The word “brought” can be translated as “took” or “led.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
JDG	7	5	w69s			0	laps	to drink by licking with the tongue
JDG	7	6	ae7k	translate-numbers		0	Three hundred men	“300 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	7	7	e8uv	translate-numbers		0	three hundred men	“300 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	7	7	gk97	figs-you		0	I will rescue you and give you victory	Here “you” is plural and refers to Gideon and the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JDG	7	8	j7gy	figs-activepassive		0	So those who were chosen	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “So those whom Yahweh chose” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	7	8	u2nh			0	took their supplies and their trumpets	Here “their” refers to the Israelite soldiers who were leaving the army.
JDG	7	8	cx8b			0	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
JDG	7	9	u84q	figs-metonymy		0	Attack the camp, for I am going to give you victory over it	Here “camp” refers to the whole Midianite army. The word “victory” is an abstract noun that can be translated as a verb or an adjective. Alternate translation: “Attack the Midianites at their camp, for I am going to help you defeat them” or “Attack the Midianites at their camp, for I am going to cause you to be victorious over them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JDG	7	10	xqh7	figs-ellipsis		0	afraid to go down	You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “afraid to go down to attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JDG	7	10	u4w3	translate-names		0	Purah	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	7	11	j99j	figs-activepassive		0	your courage will be strengthened	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “what you hear will be encourage you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	7	11	wv5r			0	guard posts	places around the edge of an area where soldiers stand to watch for an enemy army
JDG	7	12	r5ww	figs-simile		0	as thick as a cloud of locusts	Here “cloud” means a swarm. The author speaks of the army as if it were a swarm of locusts to emphasize how many soldiers there were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JDG	7	12	zt6s	figs-hyperbole		0	Their camels were more…in number than the grains of the sand on the seashore	The author uses a hyperbole, an exaggeration, to emphasize that there were very many camels. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JDG	7	12	d37k	figs-activepassive		0	Their camels were more than could be counted	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Their camels were more than anyone could count” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	7	14	yg52	figs-metonymy		0	This is nothing other than the sword of Gideon	Here “the sword of Gideon” refers to Gideon’s army attacking. Alternate translation: “The loaf of barley bread in your dream must be the army of Gideon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	7	14	v4e2	figs-pastforfuture		0	God has given him victory over Midian	This future event is spoken of as if it were a past event. This emphasizes that it will certainly happen. Alternate translation: “God will certainly help the Israelites defeat the Midianites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
JDG	7	16	xjf2	translate-numbers		0	three hundred men	“300 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	7	18	rj9w	figs-explicit		0	For Yahweh and for Gideon!	The words “we fight” are implied. Alternate translation: “We fight for Yahweh and for Gideon!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	7	19	cxa7	translate-numbers		0	hundred men	“100 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	7	19	wba7			0	right at the beginning of the middle watch	The beginning of the middle watch would be around 10 o’clock at night.
JDG	7	20	zfw1	figs-metonymy		0	The sword of Yahweh and of Gideon	Here “sword” refers to their fighting. Alternate translation: “We fight for Yahweh and for Gideon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	7	22	nw1r	translate-numbers		0	three hundred trumpets	“300 trumpets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	7	22	nk36	figs-metonymy		0	Yahweh set every Midianite man’s sword against his comrades	Here “sword” refers to their attack with the use of the sword. Alternate translation: “Yahweh caused every Midianite man to fight against his fellow soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	7	22	rv5b	translate-names		0	Beth Shittah…Zererah…Abel Meholah…Tabbath	These are the names of towns and cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	7	23	u5e9	figs-activepassive		0	The men of Israel from Naphtali, Asher, and all Manasseh were called out	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Gideon called out the Israelites from the tribes of Naphtali, Asher, and all Mannasseh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	7	24	js9y	translate-names		0	Beth Barah	This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	7	24	u7ze			0	took control of the waters, as far as Beth Barah and the Jordan River	“took control of the area of the Jordan River as far south as Beth Barah”
JDG	7	25	hn84	figs-explicit		0	at the rock of Oreb…at the winepress of Zeeb	The places were given these names after the Israelites killed Oreb and Zeeb there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	7	25	rvj8	translate-names		0	Oreb…Zeeb	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	8	intro	zh95			0		# Judges 08 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Gideon concludes in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Succoth’s refusal to help Gideon<br>The men of Succoth feared the Midianites more than Gideon. This is why they refused to help Gideon. By allying themselves with the Midianites, they aligned themselves against Yahweh. Because of this, Gideon treated them like he treated the Midianites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>### Gideon refuses to be king<br><br>Gideon said to them, “I will not rule over you, neither will my son rule over you. Yahweh will rule over you.” Although the book of Deuteronomy anticipates a king in Israel, it was sinful for Israel to desire to have a king. He did though take a share of everyone’s plunder as a king would have done through taxes. This may serve as a warning to Israel about their desire to have a king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
JDG	8	1	sea3	figs-rquestion		0	What is this you have done to us?	The people of the tribe of Ephraim were rebuking Gideon with this rhetorical question for not including them in his army. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have not treated us fairly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	8	1	f8fy	figs-metonymy		0	against Midian	Here “Midian” represents the Midianite army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	8	1	whc1			0	they had a violent argument with him	they argued angrily with him” or “they rebuked him severely”
JDG	8	2	xg1a			0	General Information:	Gideon replies to the men from Ephraim.
JDG	8	2	wpi2	figs-rquestion		0	What have I done now compared to you?	Gideon uses this question to honor the people of Ephraim. Alternate translation: “I have done very little compared with what you have done!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	8	2	xg8b	figs-rquestion		0	Are not the gleanings of Ephraim’s grapes better than the full grape harvest of Abiezer?	Gideon was calming the people of Ephraim with this rhetorical question. Alternate translation: “Certainly the grapes you people of Ephraim gleaned are better than what we the descendants of Abiezer gathered from the whole harvest!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	8	2	i6yr	figs-rquestion		0	Are not the gleanings of Ephraim’s grapes better than the full grape harvest of Abiezer?	Gideon and his army defeating the Medianites is spoken of as if it were a grape harvest. The people of Ephraim killing Oreb and Zeeb at the end of the battle is spoken of as if they were gleaning grapes at the end of the harvest. Alternate translation: “What you people of Ephraim did at the end of the battle is more important than what we descendants of Abiezer did at the beginning.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	8	2	rr59	figs-metonymy		0	Abiezer	This is the name of one of Gideon’s ancestors. Gideon used his name to refer to Abiezer’s descendants and their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	8	3	x1xa			0	Oreb and Zeeb	See how you translated these names in [Judges 7:25](../07/25.md).
JDG	8	3	bi55	figs-rquestion		0	What have I accomplished compared to you?	Gideon uses this question to honor the people of Ephraim. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “What you have done is more important than what I have done.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	8	3	riv2			0	died down	“became less”
JDG	8	4	f6yp	translate-numbers		0	the three hundred men	“the 300 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	8	4	s9yv	figs-abstractnouns		0	kept up the pursuit	The word “pursuit,” an abstract noun, can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “continued to chase their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JDG	8	5	zt2q	translate-names		0	Zebah and Zalmunna	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	8	6	l71p	figs-rquestion		0	Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in your hand?	The leaders use a question to emphasize that the Israelites have not yet captured Zebah and Zalumnna. Alternate translation: “You have not captured Zebah and Zalmunna yet.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	8	6	aw3g	figs-synecdoche		0	Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna	Here “hands” refer to the whole body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	8	6	bn4x	figs-metonymy		0	now in your hand	Here “hand” represents power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	8	6	k3em	figs-rquestion		0	Why should we give bread to your army?	The leaders use a question to emphasize that they have no reason to give bread to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “We see no reason to give bread to your army.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	8	7	gwp6	figs-explicit		0	I will tear your skin with the desert thorns and briers	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “I will make whips out of desert thorns and briers and use them to beat you and cut you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	8	7	j77m			0	thorns and briers	sharp, pointed pieces on vines or tree limbs that stick out and can cut people and animals
JDG	8	8	bi3x	figs-synecdoche		0	He went up from there	Here “He” refers to Gideon. Gideon represents himself and the soldiers following him. Alternate translation: “They left there” or “Gideon and his 300 men left there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	8	8	ikw7	translate-names		0	Peniel	The name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	8	8	ak91	figs-ellipsis		0	spoke to the people there in the same way	You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “asked for food there in the same way” or “he also asked them for food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JDG	8	9	y4qf	figs-euphemism		0	When I come again in peace	This is a polite way of referring to the defeat of his enemies. Alternate translation: “After I have completely defeated the Midian army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JDG	8	9	nth4	figs-synecdoche		0	I will pull down this tower	Here “I” refers to Gideon and represents himself and his men. Alternate translation: “My men and I will pull down this tower” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	8	10	nfu6			0	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.
JDG	8	10	tli8			0	Zebah and Zalmunna	See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](../08/05.md).
JDG	8	10	vw38	translate-names		0	Karkor	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	8	10	bh2j	translate-numbers		0	fifteen thousand men	“15,000 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	8	10	p2iw	figs-euphemism		0	had fallen	This is a polite way of referring to people who died in battle. Alternate translation: “had been killed” or “had died in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JDG	8	10	j3dk	translate-numbers		0	120,000 men	“one hundred thousand men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	8	10	mz6t	figs-metonymy		0	men who drew the sword	Here drawing the sword represents using the sword in battle. Possible meanings are 1) this phrase refers to soldiers who use swords in battle. Alternate translation: “swordsmen” or “men who fought with swords” or 2) this phrase refers to any soldiers. Alternate translation: “soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	8	11	t81p	figs-synecdoche		0	Gideon went up	Here “Gideon” represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers went up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	8	11	y551	figs-synecdoche		0	He defeated	Here “He” refers to Gideon and represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers defeated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	8	11	jbu9	translate-names		0	Nobah and Jogbehah	These are names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	8	12	dmu9			0	Zebah and Zalmunna	See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](../08/05.md).
JDG	8	12	if5y			0	panic	extreme fear or worry that makes someone unable to think or act normally
JDG	8	13	w2l7	translate-names		0	the pass of Heres	This is the name of a road that passes between two mountains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	8	14	a6z2	figs-explicit		0	questioned him	It can be stated explicitly what Gideon asked the young man. Alternate translation: “he asked him to identify all the names of the leaders in the town” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	8	14	l2rr	translate-numbers		0	seventy-seven officials	“77 officials” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	8	15	buj3			0	Zebah and Zalmunna	See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](../08/05.md).
JDG	8	15	bnf8	figs-rquestion		0	Have you already conquered Zebah and Zalmunna?	Gideon quotes the people of Succoth as using a question to mock him. Alternate translation: “You have not yet conquered Zebah and Zalmunna.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	8	16	ct8g	figs-synecdoche		0	Gideon took…he punished	Here “Gideon” represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers took…they punished” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	8	16	vr3e			0	thorns and briers	These are sharp, pointed pieces on vines or tree limbs that stick out and can cut people and animals. See how you translated this in [Judges 8:7](../08/07.md).
JDG	8	17	dbh6	figs-synecdoche		0	he pulled	Gideon and his soldiers pulled. Alternate translation: “Gideon and his soldiers pulled” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	8	17	jg81			0	Peniel	Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 8:8](../08/08.md).
JDG	8	18	lav2			0	Zebah and Zalmunna	See how you translated these names in [Judges 8:5](../08/05.md).
JDG	8	18	gw8k			0	Tabor	Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 4:6](../04/06.md).
JDG	8	18	q1pd			0	As you are, so were they	“They were just like you”
JDG	8	19	jb1y	figs-idiom		0	As Yahweh lives	This idiom is a religious oath used for emphasis that what he is about to say is true. Alternate translation: “I promise you that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	8	20	xg9f	translate-names		0	Jether	This is the name of Gideon’s son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	8	21	p21p	figs-idiom		0	For as the man is, so is his strength	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “It is a job for a man to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	8	21	lzn1			0	crescent	This is a curved shape with two points. This shape occurs when the moon is mostly covered in shadow.
JDG	8	21	eu98			0	ornaments	decorations
JDG	8	22	n3hy	figs-metonymy		0	out of the hand of Midian	Here “hand” represents the power of Midian over Israel. Alternate translation: “from the power of Midian” or “from Midian” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	8	22	zz2f	figs-metonymy		0	of Midian	Here “Midian” represents the people of Midian. Alternate translation: “of the Midianites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	8	24	va81			0	Gideon said to them	“Gideon said to the men of Israel”
JDG	8	24	qb9s			0	earrings	jewelry worn on the ear
JDG	8	24	e5zj			0	plunder	things stolen by force or taken off of people killed in war
JDG	8	24	c2b3	writing-background		0	The Midianites had golden earrings because they were Ishmaelites	Here the narrator tells background information about the Midianites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG	8	25	ark2			0	cloak	clothing made from a large piece of fabric and worn over the shoulders as a coat
JDG	8	26	z8qb	translate-numbers		0	1,700 shekels of gold	“one thousand seven hundred shekels of gold.” If it is necessary to use modern weight units, here are two ways of doing it. Alternate translation: “18.7 kilograms of gold” or “about 20 kilograms of gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
JDG	8	26	w5mz			0	crescent ornaments	See how you translated this in [Judges 8:21](../08/21.md).
JDG	8	26	rc47			0	pendants	pieces of jewelry that hang at the end of the chains or cords of necklaces
JDG	8	26	z7ld	figs-activepassive		0	that was worn by the kings of Midian	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that the kings of Midian wore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	8	27	awh9			0	Gideon made an ephod out of the earrings	“Gideon used the gold from the earrings to make an ephod”
JDG	8	27	tir6			0	Ophrah	Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
JDG	8	27	tyw2	figs-metaphor		0	all Israel prostituted themselves by worshiping it there	This speaks of worshiping a false god as if it were prostitution. Alternate translation: “the Israelites sinned against Yahweh by worshiping the ephod there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	8	27	j6ye	figs-hyperbole		0	all Israel	Here “all” is an exaggeration to emphasize that very many worshiped the garment. Alternate translation: “very many people in Israel worshiped the garment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JDG	8	27	bbx3	figs-metaphor		0	It became a trap for Gideon and for those in his house	This speaks of Gideon and his family being tempted to worship the ephod as if the ephod were a hunter’s snare that would trap them. Alternate translation: “It became a temptation for Gideon and his family” or “Gideon and his family sinned by worshiping it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	8	27	i29y	figs-metonymy		0	for those in his house	Here “his house” represents Gideon’s family. Alternate translation: “for his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	8	28	wui8	figs-activepassive		0	So Midian was subdued before the people of Israel	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “So Yahweh subdued the Midianites before the people of Israel” or “So Yahweh helped the Israelites defeat the Midianites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	8	28	u2ar	figs-idiom		0	they did not raise their heads up again	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “they did not attack Israel again” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	8	28	un4l	figs-metonymy		0	So the land had peace	Here “land” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “So the Israelites lived peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	8	28	mw8q	translate-numbers		0	forty years	“40 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	8	28	z3zj			0	in the days of Gideon	“during the life of Gideon”
JDG	8	29	z3sb			0	Jerub Baal	This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated his name in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
JDG	8	30	m14n	translate-numbers		0	seventy sons	“70 sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	8	32	i3jl	figs-idiom		0	a good old age	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “when he was very old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	8	32	w8yg	figs-activepassive		0	was buried	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they buried him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	8	32	aen4			0	Ophrah	Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
JDG	8	32	pc1f			0	the clan of Abiezer	Translate the name of this people group as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
JDG	8	33	be44			0	It came about	This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
JDG	8	33	l1r2	figs-metaphor		0	turned again	The people rejecting Yahweh is spoken of as if they physically turned away from him. Alternate translation: “they stopped worshiping Yahwheh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	8	33	gh13	figs-metaphor		0	prostituted themselves by worshiping the Baals	This speaks of worshiping false gods as if it were prostitution. Alternate translation: “they sinned against Yahweh by worshiping the Baals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	8	33	ce8s	translate-names		0	Baal-Berith	This is the name of a false god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	8	34	k1h5	figs-metonymy		0	from the hand of all their enemies	Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “from the power of all their enemies” or “from all their enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	8	34	lqk5			0	on every side	“who surrounded them”
JDG	8	35	svf8	figs-metonymy		0	the house of Jerub Baal	Here “the house of” represents a person’s family. Alternate translation: “the family of Jerub Baal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	8	35	w3k3			0	Jerub Baal	This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
JDG	9	intro	zl19			0		# Judges 09 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Jotham’s curse<br><br>Gideon’s son, Abimelech, killed all of his brothers except Jotham in order to become king of Shechem. Jotham cursed Abimelech for having murdered Gideon’s other sons. “Let fire come out from Abimelech and burn up the men of Shechem and the house of Millo. Let fire come out from the men of Shechem and Beth Millo, to burn up Abimelech.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])<br><br>=##### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Tree metaphor<br>This chapter contains an extended metaphor about trees. This metaphor functions as a parable instructing Israel about their sinful desire to have a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
JDG	9	1	cb58			0	Jerub Baal	This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
JDG	9	2	gfl5	figs-quotesinquotes		0	Please say this, so that all the leaders in Shechem may hear, ‘Which is better for you, that all seventy sons of Jerub Baal rule over you, or that just one rule over you?’	This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Please ask the leaders of Shechem if they would rather have all seventy sons of Jerub Baal rule over them, or if they would rather have just one of his sons rule over them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
JDG	9	2	lpf2	translate-numbers		0	seventy	“70” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	9	2	e38y	figs-metonymy		0	I am your bone and your flesh	Here “your bone and your flesh” represents being someone’s relative. Alternate translation: “I am a member of your family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	9	3	ie29			0	His mother’s relatives spoke for him to the leaders	This means that the relatives of the mother of Abimelech spoke to the leaders, suggesting that they make Abimelech their king.
JDG	9	3	ubh9			0	they agreed to follow Abimelech	“they agreed to let Abimelech be their leader”
JDG	9	4	yf44	figs-metonymy		0	the house	Here “house” represents a temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	9	4	yf3w	translate-bmoney		0	seventy pieces of silver	This means seventy shekels of silver. A shekel weighs 11 grams. If it is necessary to translate this with modern measurements, you can translate it like this. Alternate translation: “almost one kilo of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
JDG	9	4	v8x5	translate-numbers		0	seventy	“70” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	9	4	g7i4			0	Baal-Berith	This is the name of a false god. See how you translated it in [Judges 8:33](../08/33.md).
JDG	9	4	mi77			0	worthless and reckless	“violent and foolish”
JDG	9	5	c56j			0	Ophrah	Translate the name of this city as you did in [Judges 6:11](../06/11.md).
JDG	9	5	jer7	translate-numbers		0	one stone	“1 stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	9	5	gnp3	translate-numbers		0	seventy	“70” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	9	5	ilv2			0	Jerub Baal	This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
JDG	9	6	up6d	translate-names		0	Beth Millo	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	9	7	d3ws	figs-parables		0	General Information:	Jotham begins telling a parable in which the trees try to find someone to rule them. The trees represent the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
JDG	9	7	ksz5	figs-activepassive		0	When Jotham was told about this	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When Jotham heard that Abimelech had murdered his brothers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	9	7	z9vx	translate-names		0	Mount Gerizim	This is a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	9	8	p19p	figs-parables		0	The trees once went out to anoint a king over them. For they said to the olive tree, ‘Reign over us.’	In this parable Jotham describes the trees doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JDG	9	8	x1ky	translate-symaction		0	to anoint a king over them	Here, to anoint with oil is a symbolic action that represents appointing a person to be king. Alternate translation: “to appoint a king to rule over all of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JDG	9	8	ai6t			0	Reign over us	“Be our king”
JDG	9	9	ns1k			0	General Information:	Jotham continues telling the parable he begins in [Judges 9:7](../09/07.md), where the trees represent the Israelites.
JDG	9	9	q6h3	figs-rquestion		0	Should I give up my abundance…over the other trees?	The olive tree is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not give up my abundance…over the other trees.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	9	9	v5cc	figs-metonymy		0	abundance	This word for “wealth” is a metonym for the olives that come from the tree. People ate olives as food and crushed them to make oil for lamps. Alternate translation: “oil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	9	9	b42t			0	by which gods and men are honored	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “by which people honor both gods and other men”
JDG	9	9	ctc8			0	gods	It is possible to translate the same Hebrew word as “god,” “God,” or “gods,” so possible meanings here are 1) “gods” or 2) “God.”
JDG	9	9	a9cy	figs-metaphor		0	sway over	To sway is to move back and forth. Trees sway when the wind blows them. Here this is a metaphor for ruling over people. Jotham is also using irony, saying that the work of any ruler will be useless because the “trees,” the people, will not obey anyone who rules them. Alternate translation: “rule over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JDG	9	11	df3r	figs-parables		0	the fig tree said to them	Jotham continues describing the trees as doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JDG	9	11	bi3f	figs-rquestion		0	Should I give up my sweetness…over the other trees?	The fig tree is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not give up my sweetness…over the other trees.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	9	11	jkz5	figs-abstractnouns		0	my sweetness and my good fruit	The word “sweetness” is an abstract noun. It can be stated as an adjective that describes the fruit that grows on the tree. Alternate translation: “my good sweet fruit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JDG	9	12	akj6			0	General Information:	Jotham continues telling the parable he begins in [Judges 9:7](../09/07.md), where the trees represent the Israelites.
JDG	9	12	m2h3	figs-parables		0	The trees said to the vine	In this parable, Jotham describes the trees and the vine as doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JDG	9	13	i2y3	figs-rquestion		0	Should I give up my new wine…over the other trees?	The vine is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not give up my new wine…over the other trees.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	9	14	mp3a			0	thornbush	Thorns are sharp spikes or spurs that hurt. This bush has many sharp spikes along its branches.
JDG	9	15	ne2j			0	General Information:	Jotham continues telling his parable, where trees represent various people groups, and makes the application.
JDG	9	15	g1p2	figs-parables		0	The thornbush said to the trees	In this parable, Jotham describes the thornbush and the trees as doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JDG	9	15	zea8	translate-symaction		0	to anoint me as king over you	To anoint someone with oil is a symbolic action that appoints a person to be king. Alternate translation: “to appoint me as your king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JDG	9	15	cm8a	figs-abstractnouns		0	find safety	The word “safety” is an abstract noun that can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JDG	9	15	hvs5			0	fire come out of the thornbush and let it burn up the cedars of Lebanon	This means to let the thornbush burn so that it will burn the cedars.
JDG	9	15	xn44	figs-123person		0	then let fire come out of the thornbush	The thornbush refers to itself as “the thornbush.” Alternate translation: “then may fire come out from me, the thornbush” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JDG	9	16	ayq2			0	Now	This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
JDG	9	16	y7g3			0	Jerub Baal	This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
JDG	9	16	nu7n	figs-metonymy		0	his house	Here “house” represents Gideon’s family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	9	17	x8ae			0	General Information:	Jotham makes the application to the situation at that time and place.
JDG	9	17	fpm7			0	to think that my father fought for you…out of the hand of Midian	Here Jotham is expressing that he cannot believe how badly the people of Shechem have treated Gideon and his family even after Gideon fought to save the people of Shechem.
JDG	9	17	kqc3	figs-metonymy		0	out of the hand of Midian	Here “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “from the power of the Midianites” or “from the Midianites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	9	18	cr5w	figs-idiom		0	you have risen up against	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you have opposed” or “you have rebelled against” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	9	18	i5zw	figs-metonymy		0	my father’s house	Here “house” represents family. Alternate translation: “my father’s family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	9	18	yy47	translate-numbers		0	seventy	“70” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	9	18	ym97	translate-numbers		0	one stone	“1 stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	9	18	c154			0	his female servant	Here “his” refers to Gideon.
JDG	9	19	cwl5	figs-hypo		0	If you acted with honesty and integrity with Jerub Baal and his house	Jotham offered the possibility that what they did was good, but Jotham does not actually believe what they did was good. Alternate translation: “If you treated Jerub Baal and his family as they deserved to be treated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JDG	9	19	re1x			0	Jerub Baal	This is another name for Gideon. It means “let Baal defend himself.” See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
JDG	9	19	r5ce	figs-metonymy		0	his house	Here “house” refers to family. Alternate translation: “his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	9	20	rv9v	figs-hypo		0	But if not	Jotham offered the opposite possibility that what they did was evil and applied a curse. Jotham does believe what they did was evil. Alternate translation: “But if you treated Jerub Baal and his family as they did not deserve to be treated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JDG	9	20	g8i6	figs-metaphor		0	let fire come out from Abimelech and burn up the men of Shechem	Jotham is speaking a curse. He speaks of Abimelech destroying the people of Shechem as if he would burn them with fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	9	20	ibq3	figs-metaphor		0	Let fire come out from the men of Shechem and Beth Millo, to burn up Abimelech	Jotham is speaking a curse. He speaks of the people of Shechem and Beth Millo destroying Abimelech as if they would burn him with fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	9	20	iey1			0	Beth Millo	This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:6](../09/06.md).
JDG	9	21	pan4	translate-names		0	Beer	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	9	23	bv9r			0	God sent an evil spirit between Abimelech and the leaders of Shechem	This means that God applied the curse Jotham made by sending an evil spirit to cause trouble and animosity between Abimelech and the leaders of Shechem.
JDG	9	24	xf1e	figs-activepassive		0	God did this so the violence done…helped him murder his brothers	The passive phrases can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God did this to avenge the seventy sons whom Abimelech their brother murdered and the men of Shechem helped murder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	9	24	cb41	translate-numbers		0	seventy	“70” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	9	24	b1g1			0	Jerub Baal	This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
JDG	9	25	b7tx			0	positioned men to lie in wait on the hilltops that they might ambush him	“sent men to hide on the hilltops and wait to attack Abimelech”
JDG	9	25	pd3x	figs-activepassive		0	This was reported to Abimelech	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone told Abimelech about the men waiting to attack him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	9	26	r2ue	translate-names		0	Gaal…Ebed	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	9	26	mv9b	figs-abstractnouns		0	had confidence in him	The word “confidence” is an abstract noun that can be stated with the verb “trust.” Alternate translation: “trusted him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JDG	9	27	i6sf			0	They went out into the field	Here “They” refers to Gaal and his relatives and the men of Shechem.
JDG	9	27	r8w9	figs-explicit		0	they trampled on them	They did this to squeeze out the grape juice to make wine with it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	9	27	c3x3			0	trampled	“crushed” or “stomped”
JDG	9	27	d9l2	figs-metonymy		0	in the house	Here “house” represents a temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	9	28	yyy5			0	Gaal…Ebed	See how you translated these names in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
JDG	9	28	w9hj	figs-rquestion		0	Who is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him?	Gaal uses a question to emphasize that the people of Shechem should not serve Abimelech. Alternate translation: “We should not serve Abimelech!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	9	28	dfp7	figs-parallelism		0	Who is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him?	Both of these questions means the same thing. Gaal refers to Abimelech as “Shechem” because Abimelech’s mother was from Shechem. Alternate translation: “We should not serve Abimelech, that is, Shechem!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	9	28	a6ws	figs-rquestion		0	Is he not the son of Jerub Baal? Is Zebul not his officer?	Gaal uses a question to emphasize that the people of Shechem should not serve Abimelech. Alternate translation: “He is just the son of Jerub Baal, and Zebul is just his officer.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	9	28	p2s8			0	Jerub Baal	This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
JDG	9	28	b36z	translate-names		0	Zebul	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	9	28	rq5n			0	Serve the men of Hamor, Shechem’s father	Gaal means the people of Shechem should serve those who descended from Hamor, that is, those who are truly Canaanites, and not serve someone whose father was an Israelite.
JDG	9	28	ju72	figs-rquestion		0	Why should we serve Abimelech?	Gaal uses a question to emphasize that the people of Shechem should not serve Abimelech. Alternate translation: “We should not serve Abimelech!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	9	29	v1e2			0	I wish that this people were under my command	“I wish that I ruled the people of Shechem”
JDG	9	30	qj5l			0	Zebul	See how you translated this name in [Judges 9:28](../09/28.md).
JDG	9	30	a53k			0	heard the words of Gaal son of Ebed	“heard what Gaal son of Ebed said”
JDG	9	30	p2rs			0	Gaal…Ebed	See how you translated these names in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
JDG	9	30	u13b	figs-metaphor		0	his anger was kindled	Becoming angry is spoken of as if a fire were starting. Alternate translation: “he became very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	9	30	lx8u	figs-metonymy		0	the city	Here “city” represents the people of the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	9	31	u898			0	in order to deceive	Zebul is deceiving Gaal and the people of Shechem. Alternate translation: “secretly”
JDG	9	31	gvg1	figs-metaphor		0	they are stirring up the city against you	This speaks of the people of the city becoming upset as if they were liquid in a pot moving around. Alternate translation: “they are persuading the people of the city to rebel against you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	9	32	yn4z			0	General Information:	Zebul’s messengers continue talking to Abimelech.
JDG	9	32	j18v			0	Now	This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
JDG	9	32	mrh8			0	an ambush	“to hide and attack them suddenly”
JDG	9	33	k1f3			0	do whatever you can to them	This means that they can do what they want to destroy the followers of Gaal.
JDG	9	34	be8t			0	all the men who were with him	“all the men accompanying Abimelech” or “all the men fighting for Abimelech”
JDG	9	34	b14p	translate-numbers		0	dividing into four units	“separating into 4 groups” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	9	35	q22c			0	Gaal…Ebed	See how you translated these names in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
JDG	9	36	v8bb			0	Gaal	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
JDG	9	36	vu4i			0	Zebul	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:28](../09/28.md).
JDG	9	36	gz9v			0	You are seeing the shadows on the hills like they are men	Zebul is trying to confuse Gaal and keep him from preparing for battle. Alternate translation: “That is not people, it is only shadows on the hills”
JDG	9	37	kmf8	translate-numbers		0	one unit	“1 group” or “1 troop” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	9	38	tqh1			0	Zebul	See how you translated this name in [Judges 9:28](../09/28.md).
JDG	9	38	qap7	figs-rquestion		0	Where are your proud words now, you	Zebul is scolding Gaal with this rhetorical question. Alternate translation: “You are not speaking proudly now, you” or “You are not proud now, you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	9	38	fub2	figs-rquestion		0	you who said, ‘Who is Abimelech that we should serve him?’	Zebul is quoting Gaal’s boast back to Gaal. This can be translated as a statement and as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “you who said that we should not serve Abimelech.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
JDG	9	38	qdj1	figs-rquestion		0	Are these not the men you despised?	Zebul is challenging Gaal with this rhetorical question. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Here are the men that you despised.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	9	38	u392			0	despised	strongly disliked or hated
JDG	9	39	h55i			0	Gaal	See how you translated this name in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
JDG	9	40	p7lv	figs-idiom		0	Many fell with deadly wounds	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “And many men died of wounds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	9	41	y21z	translate-names		0	Arumah	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	9	41	q5ep			0	Zebul	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:28](../09/28.md).
JDG	9	41	f6ud			0	Gaal	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Judges 9:26](../09/26.md).
JDG	9	42	em2h	figs-activepassive		0	this was reported to Abimelech	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone reported this to Abimelech” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	9	43	rm73	translate-numbers		0	divided them into three units	“separated them into 3 groups” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	9	43	e8ph			0	they set an ambush in the fields	“they hid in the fields to attack the people by surprise”
JDG	9	43	l12e	figs-synecdoche		0	he attacked	Here “he” refers to Abimelech who represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate translation: “they attacked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	9	44	h6g9			0	the units	“the groups of soldiers”
JDG	9	44	a246	translate-numbers		0	other two	“other 2” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	9	45	e7uy	figs-synecdoche		0	Abimelech fought…He tore down	Here “Abimelech” represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Abimelech and his soldiers fought…They tore down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	9	45	ch7p	figs-metonymy		0	against the city	Here “city” represents the people. Alternate translation: “against the people of Shechem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	9	45	zi77			0	tore down	“demolished”
JDG	9	45	t928	figs-explicit		0	spread salt over it	“spread salt over the land.” Spreading salt over land keeps anything from growing there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	9	46	lty1	figs-metonymy		0	the house	Here this represents a temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	9	46	kw6q	translate-names		0	El-Berith	The word “El” means “god.” This is the same false god as “Baal-Berith” in [Judges 8:33](../08/33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	9	47	hnv1	figs-activepassive		0	Abimelech was told	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone told Abimelech” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	9	48	h1s8	translate-names		0	Mount Zalmon	This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	9	49	thc7			0	piled	This means to stack the branches into a large heap.
JDG	9	49	f9xs	translate-numbers		0	about a thousand men	“about 1,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	9	50	jh8f	translate-names		0	Thebez	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	9	50	nyj8			0	encamped against Thebez	“camped outside the city of Thebez”
JDG	9	52	jgq2			0	fought against it	“attacked it”
JDG	9	53	z9j6			0	upper millstone	Two large, flat, round stones were used to grind grain in a mill. An upper millstone was the top one that was rolled on the lower one to crush the grain in between them.
JDG	9	54	vm49			0	armor-bearer	This is the man who carried the weapons of Abimelech.
JDG	9	54	is1h			0	pierced him through	This means the young man put the sword right through the body of Abimelech.
JDG	9	56	h9fb	translate-numbers		0	seventy	“70” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	9	57	fx65	figs-idiom		0	made all the evil of the men of Shechem turn back on their own heads	“Evil turn back on their heads” here is an idiom. Alternate translation: “punished the men of Shechem for all the evil they had done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	9	57	hua1	figs-idiom		0	on them came the curse of Jotham son of Jerub Baal	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “the curse of Jotham son of Jerub Baal happened to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	9	57	q7dp			0	Jerub Baal	This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this name in [Judges 6:32](../06/32.md).
JDG	10	intro	zqn2			0		# Judges 10 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins the account of Jephthah ([Judges 10-12](./01.md)).<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Israel’s punishment<br>In Judges, Israel’s actions are connected to their obedience to Yahweh. When Israel does evil, they are oppressed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]])<br>
JDG	10	1	g7ww	translate-names		0	Tola…Puah…Dodo	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	10	1	ti4g	translate-names		0	Shamir	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	10	1	lxh7			0	arose to deliver Israel	“came to deliver Israel” or “became the leader to deliver Israel”
JDG	10	1	i5f3	figs-metonymy		0	deliver Israel	Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	10	2	m2fd			0	He judged Israel	Here “judged” means he led the people of Israel.
JDG	10	2	m93u	translate-numbers		0	twenty-three years	“23 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	10	2	unp5	figs-activepassive		0	was buried	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they buried him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	10	3	f3wi	figs-activepassive		0	He was followed by Jair the Gileadite	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Jair the Gileadite was leader after Tola” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	10	3	m9uk	translate-names		0	Jair	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	10	3	j6fm			0	the Gileadite	Jair was from the tribe of Gilead.
JDG	10	3	fmn8			0	He judged Israel	Here “judged” means he led the people of Israel.
JDG	10	3	d5gs	figs-metonymy		0	Israel	Here “Israel” represents the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	10	3	ezp7	translate-numbers		0	twenty-two years	“22 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	10	4	i1hv	translate-numbers		0	thirty sons	“30 sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	10	4	vb1y	translate-names		0	Havvoth Jair	This is the name of a region, which is named after a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	10	4	h644			0	to this day	This means to the time when the book of Judges was being written.
JDG	10	5	t8ka	figs-activepassive		0	was buried	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they buried him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	10	5	s19j	translate-names		0	Kamon	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	10	6	lj2d	figs-metaphor		0	added to the evil they had done in the sight of Yahweh	This speaks of evil as if it were an object that a person could add to and make bigger. Alternate translation: “continued doing what Yahweh said was evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	10	6	ki1z	figs-metaphor		0	in the sight of Yahweh	The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “according to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	10	6	p7j4			0	Ashtoreths	This is the plural of Ashtoroth, who was worshiped as a goddess in many different forms. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:13](../02/13.md).
JDG	10	6	r515	figs-parallelism		0	They abandoned Yahweh and no longer worshiped him	The author basically said the same thing twice for emphasis. These can be combined. Alternate translation: “They completely stopped worshiping Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JDG	10	6	p6q5	figs-metaphor		0	They abandoned Yahweh	No longer obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if the people left Yahweh and went somewhere else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	10	7	zf61	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh burned with anger toward Israel	Yahweh becoming angry is spoken of as if anger were a burning fire. Alternate translation: “Yahweh was very angry at Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	10	7	f4v2	figs-metaphor		0	he sold them into the hand of the Philistines and into the hand of the Ammonites	Yahweh allowing the Philistines and the Ammonites to defeat the Israelites is spoken of as if he sold the Israelites to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	10	7	aj5n	figs-metonymy		0	into the hand	Here “hand” represents power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	10	8	psa9	figs-doublet		0	crushed and oppressed	These two words basically mean the same and emphasize how much the Israelites suffered. Alternate translation: “terribly oppressed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JDG	10	8	q2ml	translate-numbers		0	eighteen years	“18 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	10	8	msz6			0	who were beyond the Jordan	This means on the east side of the Jordan River.
JDG	10	8	b5w4			0	which is in Gilead	“this region is also called Gilead”
JDG	10	9	wq6g	figs-metonymy		0	Judah…Benjamin	“Judah” and “Benjamin” refer to the people belonging to those tribes. Alternate translation: “the people of the tribe of Judah…the people of the tribe of Benjamin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	10	9	nt9c	figs-metonymy		0	house of Ephraim	The “house” refers to the people of the tribe of Ephraim. Alternate translation: “the people of the tribe of Ephraim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	10	9	gl3b	figs-metonymy		0	so that Israel was greatly distressed	“Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “so that the people of Israel suffered much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	10	10	lda9			0	the people of Israel called out to Yahweh	This means the people of Israel desperately asked Yahweh for help.
JDG	10	10	b8t5	figs-metaphor		0	because we abandoned our God	The people no longer obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if they left Yahweh and went somewhere else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	10	10	t38a	figs-123person		0	abandoned our God	The people are speaking to Yahweh and refer to him as “our God.” This can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “abandoned you, our God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JDG	10	12	lf73	figs-rquestion		0	and also from the Sidonians?	God is rebuking the people of Israel for their worship of other gods. The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Did I not deliver you” in verse 11 ends here. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am the one who delivered you…and also from the Sidonians.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	10	12	w39a	translate-names		0	Maonites	These are the people from the clan or family of Maon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	10	12	e4ml	figs-metonymy		0	from their power	Here “power” represents the Amalekites and the Maonites. Alternate translation: “from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	10	13	p759	figs-metaphor		0	you abandoned me again	The people no longer obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if they left Yahweh and went somewhere else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	10	13	zdy2	figs-idiom		0	I will not keep adding to the times I deliver you	The phrase “keep adding to the times” is an idiom that means to continue to do something. You can make explicit the implicit meaning of Yahweh’s saying. Alternate translation: “I will not keep on delivering you again and again” or “You can be sure that I will stop delivering you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	10	16	i2l8	figs-explicit		0	foreign gods among them	You can make explicit the implicit meaning of this statement. Alternate translation: “foreign gods whose images they possessed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	10	16	m6hd	figs-metonymy		0	Yahweh could bear Israel’s misery no longer	Here Israel refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “And Yahweh did not want the people of Israel to suffer any longer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	10	18	j3k2			0	Who is the man who will begin to fight the Ammonites?	“Who will lead our army to fight against the Ammonites?”
JDG	11	intro	q7si			0		# Judges 11 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Jephthah continues in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Jephthah the leader<br>Jephthah was half Israelite and half Canaanite by birth. While all of the judges were called by Yahweh, it is the leaders who called Jephthah to help them, but Yahweh still used Jephthah to help them.<br>
JDG	11	1	yk6s	translate-names		0	Gileadite	This is someone who is from the region of Gilead. It is a coincidence that his father’s name is also Gilead. See how you translated this in [Judges 10:3](../10/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	11	2	r35b			0	When his wife’s sons grew up	“When the sons of Gilead’s wife became adults”
JDG	11	3	aw1r	translate-names		0	the land of Tob	Tob is the name of a region. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	11	3	f5ze			0	they traveled with him	“they followed him” or “they went everywhere together”
JDG	11	4	cn67			0	Some days later	“Some time later”
JDG	11	4	s6ku	figs-idiom		0	made war against Israel	The phrase “made war” is an idiom which means that they attacked Israel and were at war with them. Here “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “attacked the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	11	6	b37n			0	that we may fight with	“so that we can fight against”
JDG	11	7	f7vj	figs-metonymy		0	my father’s house	Here “house” refers to people living in the house. Alternate translation: “my family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	11	8	ph3x	figs-explicit		0	That is why we are turning to you now	The word “that” refers to what Jephthah said about them being in trouble. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “We are turning to you now because we are in trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	11	8	uem9			0	fight with the people of Ammon	“fight against the people of Ammon”
JDG	11	11	hf4c	figs-doublet		0	leader and commander	These two words basically have the same meaning repeated to emphasize how important Jephthah had became. You can combine the two words. Alternate translation: “commander” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JDG	11	11	v6uq	figs-idiom		0	When he was before Yahweh in Mizpah, Jephthah repeated all the promises he made	This is an idiom. Here the phrase “before Yahwheh” means that he repeated his promises as a vow before Yahweh. Alternate translation: “When Jephthah was in Mizpah he repeated all of these promises as a vow before Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	11	11	w6mk			0	all the promises he made	This refers to the promises he made to the leaders of Gilead about becoming their leader.
JDG	11	12	ybt9			0	What is this conflict between us	“Why is there conflict between us?” Jephthah is asking the king why they are angry with Israel.
JDG	11	12	su7k	figs-synecdoche		0	Why have you come with force to take our land	The word “you” refers to the King of Ammon and represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Why have your soldiers come to seize our land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	11	12	hwk4			0	come with force to take	“come to forcefully take”
JDG	11	13	qdz6	translate-names		0	Arnon…Jabbok	These are the names of two rivers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	11	13	ps71			0	over to the Jordan	“on the other side of the Jordan River”
JDG	11	13	tsw4			0	in peace	“peacefully” or “and do not try to defend them”
JDG	11	15	i4ns	figs-explicit		0	he said	Here the word “he” refers to the messenger who was speaking to the king. This may be written with the word “they” as in the UST, referring to the group of messengers. Alternate translation: “Jephthah told the messengers to say” or “they said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	11	16	e7sj	figs-idiom		0	they came up from Egypt	Whenever people traveled to the promised land it is referred to as going “up” to the promised land. When the Israelites left Egypt they were on their way to the promised land. Alternate translation: “they left Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	11	17	je4p			0	General Information:	Jephthah’s messengers continue to speak.
JDG	11	17	tn6f	figs-synecdoche		0	When Israel sent messengers	The messengers were sent by the leaders of Israel. Alternate translation: “When the leaders of Israel sent messengers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	11	17	kl4c			0	pass through	“go through” or “cross”
JDG	11	17	v8aa	figs-idiom		0	would not listen	This phrase is an idiom that means to “refuse.” Alternate translation: “refused” or “denied their request” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	11	17	q2mz	figs-explicit		0	They also sent messengers to the king of Moab	The reason that Israel sent messengers to the king of Moab can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “They also send messengers to the king of Moab with the same request” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	11	17	x2ue	figs-explicit		0	but he refused	The king of Moab refused Israel’s request to pass through Moab. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “but he also refused and would not let them pass through the land of Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	11	18	el82			0	Arnon	This is the name of a river. See how you translated this in [Judges 11:13](../11/13.md).
JDG	11	19	msq6			0	General Information:	Jephthah’s messengers continue to speak.
JDG	11	19	ur8x	figs-synecdoche		0	Israel sent messengers to Sihon	The messengers were sent by the leaders of Israel. Alternate translation: “When the leaders of Israel sent messengers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	11	19	j2t5	translate-names		0	Sihon	This is the name of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	11	19	pyu6	translate-names		0	Heshbon	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	11	20	mn9x	translate-names		0	Jahaz	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	11	20	ew16	figs-explicit		0	But Sihon did not trust Israel to pass through his territory	Sihon did not trust the people of Israel to pass through his land peacefully. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “But Sihon did not trust the people of Israel to pass through his territory peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	11	20	d9ga	figs-synecdoche		0	there he fought	The word “he” refers to Sihon and represents himself and his army. Alternate translation: “there they fought” or “there his army fought” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	11	21	sf5x			0	General Information:	Jephthah’s messengers continue to speak.
JDG	11	21	fsk6			0	Sihon	See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 11:19](../11/19.md).
JDG	11	21	vp7w	figs-metonymy		0	gave Sihon and all his people into the hand of Israel	Here “hand” refers to power to defeat in battle. Alternate translation: “gave Israel power over Sihon and all his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	11	22	ce2e			0	Arnon…Jabbok	See how you translated the names of these rivers in [Judges 11:13](../11/13.md).
JDG	11	23	v22e			0	General Information:	Jephthah’s messengers continue to speak.
JDG	11	23	ru3n	figs-rquestion		0	should you now take possession of their land?	Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with this rhetorical question. The word “their” refers to the Israel. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “therefore, you should not take possession of their land.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	11	24	nr59	figs-rquestion		0	Will you not take over the land that Chemosh, your god, gives you?	Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should only take over the land that Chemosh, your god, gives you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	11	24	bcm5	figs-idiom		0	take over	This is an idiom which means to take control of something. Alternate translation: “take control of” or “take possession of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	11	24	z3zh	translate-names		0	Chemosh	This is the name of a false god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	11	25	wln3	figs-rquestion		0	Now are you really better than Balak son of Zippor, king of Moab?	Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are not better than Balak son of Zippor, who was king of Moab.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	11	25	fk7m	translate-names		0	Balak…Zippor	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	11	25	giw3	figs-rquestion		0	Did he dare to have an argument with Israel?	Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. This question can be translated with a statement. Alternate translation: “Yet he did not dare to have an argument with Israel.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	11	25	k8y5	figs-rquestion		0	Did he ever wage war against them?	Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. This question can be translated with a statement. Alternate translation: “Nor did he ever wage war against them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	11	26	pty2			0	General Information:	Jephthah’s messengers continue to speak.
JDG	11	26	t5g4	translate-numbers		0	three hundred years	“300 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	11	26	pu9w			0	Heshbon	Translate the name of this city the same way that you did in [Judges 11:19](../11/19.md).
JDG	11	26	c2xi	translate-names		0	Aroer	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	11	26	h61t	figs-rquestion		0	why then did you not take them back during that time?	Jephthah is rebuking the king of the Ammonites with a rhetorical question. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “you should have taken them back during that time.” or “now it is too late; you should have taken them back long ago.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	11	27	aei3	figs-synecdoche		0	I have not done you wrong, but you are doing me wrong by attacking me	Jephthah is speaking to the Sihon. Here Jephthah speaks about the Israelites as though they were himself and of the Ammonites as if they were Sihon their king. Alternate translation: “The Israelites have not done wrong to your people, but your people are doing us wrong by attacking us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	11	27	n4fk	figs-idiom		0	done you wrong…doing me wrong	This is an idiom. To do someone wrong means to do something wrong to them. Alternate translation: “treated you wrongly…treating me wrongly” or “treated you unfairly…treating me unfairly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	11	29	p2lw	figs-idiom		0	the Spirit of Yahweh came on Jephthah	This is an idiom which means that the Spirit influenced Jephthah’s decisions. Alternate translation: “the Spirit of Yahweh took control of Jephthah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	11	29	dq1c	figs-explicit		0	he passed through Gilead and Manasseh…from Mizpah of Gilead	Jephthah passed through these places enlisting men for his army to go to war with the people of Ammon. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “he gathered men for his army as he passed through Gilead and Manasseh…from Mizpah of Gilead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	11	31	kh4e	figs-idiom		0	I will offer it up	This is an idiom which means to give something as an offering. Alternate translation: “I will offer it to you” or “I will sacrifice it to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	11	32	wr1n	figs-synecdoche		0	So Jephthah passed through…Yahweh gave him victory	Since Jephthah was the leader of his army, he and his army are often spoken of as Jephthah himself. Alternate translation: “So Jephthah and his army passed through…Yahweh gave them victory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	11	33	rt2j	figs-synecdoche		0	He attacked	Since Jephthah was the leader of his army, he and his army are often spoken of as Jephthah himself (verse 32). Alternate translation: “they attacked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	11	33	dl1t			0	Aroer	Translate the name of this city the same way you did in [Judges 11:26](../11/26.md).
JDG	11	33	pfq6	translate-names		0	Minnith…Abel Keramim	These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	11	33	i18j	translate-numbers		0	twenty cities	“including 20 cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	11	34	ng9v	translate-unknown		0	tambourines	musical instruments with heads like drums that can be hit and with pieces of metal around their sides that sound when the instruments are shaken (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
JDG	11	35	md3n	translate-symaction		0	he tore his clothes	This is an act that shows mourning or great sadness. Alternate translation: “he tore his clothes from grief” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JDG	11	35	puu2	figs-parallelism		0	You have crushed me with sorrow…you have become one who causes me pain	Jephthah said basically the same thing twice to emphasize that he was very sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JDG	11	35	qi6c	figs-metaphor		0	You have crushed me with sorrow	Here Jephthah speaks of his great sorrow as something that crushes him. Alternate translation: “You have caused me great sorrow” or “You have filled me with sorrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	11	35	dvs5	figs-metaphor		0	you have become one who causes me pain	Here Jephthah talks about his great distress and trouble as if it were pain. Alternate translation: “you have become someone who troubles me” or “you cause me great distress” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	11	35	gvy5	figs-idiom		0	I cannot turn back on my promise	This is an idiom. To turn back on a promise means to not do what you have promised to do. Alternate translation: “I must do what I have promised” or “I cannot break my promise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	11	36	e6gu	figs-explicit		0	has taken vengeance for you against your enemies, the Ammonites	Yahweh has taken vengence for him by defeating his enemies. The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “has taken vengeance for you against your enemies, the Ammonites, by defeating them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	11	37	hj6q	figs-activepassive		0	Let this promise be kept for me	This can be stated in an active form. Alternate translation: “Keep this promise for me” or “Keep this promise concerning me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	11	37	dh7s			0	grieve over my virginity	“weep because I am a virgin” or “cry because I will never be married”
JDG	11	39	n4my	figs-euphemism		0	had never known a man	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “had never had sexual relations with a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JDG	11	40	s739			0	the Gileadite	This refers to someone from Gilead. See how you translated this in [Judges 10:3](../10/03.md).
JDG	12	intro	p8zn			0		# Judges 12 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Jephthah concludes in this chapter.<br><br>### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Shibboleth<br>This is a word in Hebrew. Its importance in this chapter is because of its sounds, not its meaning. The translator should not translate the meaning of this word, but should transliterate or transfer it into the target language by substituting letters that have the same sounds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])<br>
JDG	12	1	mp3k	figs-abstractnouns		0	A call went out to the men of Ephraim	Here the abstract noun “call” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “The men of Ephraim were called together” or “The men…of Ephraim called together their soldiers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JDG	12	1	ubq3	translate-names		0	Zaphon	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	12	1	hh1l			0	passed through…pass through	or “traveled through…travel” or “journeyed through…journey”
JDG	12	1	lt7l	figs-idiom		0	We will burn your house down over you	This idiom means to burn down a house with people inside it. Alternate translation: “We will burn your house down with you still in it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	12	2	fsb1	figs-you		0	When I called you, you	Here the word “you” is plural and refers to the people of Ephraim. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JDG	12	2	nxf4	figs-synecdoche		0	did not rescue me	Jephthah uses the word “me” to refer to himself and all the people of Gilead. Alternate translation: “do not rescue us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	12	3	s3v2	figs-you		0	you did not rescue me	The word “you” is plural and refers to the men of Ephraim. Jephthah is referring to the people of Gilead, including himself, when he says “me.” Alternate translation: “you did not rescue us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	12	3	zev7	figs-idiom		0	I put my life in my own hand	This is an idiom which means to risk one’s life and to rely only on one’s own strength. Jephthah continues to refer to the people of Gilead as himself. Alternate translation: “We risked our lives, relying on our own strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	12	3	u5y7	figs-explicit		0	Yahweh gave me victory	Jephthah is referring to Yahweh giving the men of Gilead victory over the Ammonites. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave us victory over them” or “Yahweh allowed us to defeat them in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	12	3	uje8	figs-you		0	Why have you come to fight against me	The word “you” is plural and refers to the men of Ephraim. Jephthah is referring to the people of Gilead, including himself, when he says “me.” Alternate translation: “Why have you come to fight against us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	12	3	nt4r	figs-explicit		0	passed through against the people of Ammon	This means that they fought against the Ammonites as they passed through Ammon. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “fought against the people of Ammon as we passed through their region” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	12	4	by47	figs-synecdoche		0	he fought against Ephraim	The word “he” refers to Jephthah and all the fighting men of Gilead. Alternate translation: “they fought against Ephraim” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	12	4	y6zx	figs-explicit		0	You Gileadites are fugitives	You can make the meaning of this insult explicit. Alternate translation: “You Gileadites do not really belong here. You are just people who came here to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	12	4	p9f2			0	Gileadites	people from Gilead
JDG	12	4	h3vl			0	in Ephraim—in Ephraim and Manasseh	“in the regions of Ephraim and Manasseh” or “in the land of Ephraim and Manasseh.” Here “Ephraim” and “Manasseh” refer to regions and are named after the tribes which live there.
JDG	12	5	dcy5			0	to Ephraim	“to the land of Ephraim”
JDG	12	5	f8sh			0	The Gileadites captured	“The Gileadites controlled” or “The Gileadites occupied”
JDG	12	5	yc1p			0	fords	These are places where you can cross the river on foot because the water is shallow.
JDG	12	5	w1cc			0	Ephraimite	person from the tribe of Ephraim
JDG	12	6	cee8	translate-transliterate		0	Shibboleth…Sibboleth	These words have no meaning. Copy these words into your language, and make sure that the beginning of the words, that is the letters “Sh” and “S” are translated differently. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])
JDG	12	6	uc7k			0	pronounce the word	“make the sound of the word”
JDG	12	6	d82p	translate-numbers		0	Forty-two thousand	“42,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	12	6	c2bb	figs-activepassive		0	Forty-two thousand Ephraimites were killed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They killed forty-two thousand Ephraimites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	12	7	v8rv	figs-activepassive		0	Jephthah the Gileadite died and was buried	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Jephthah the Gileadite died and they buried him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	12	8	ha85	translate-names		0	Ibzan of Bethlehem	This is the name of a man from Bethlehem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	12	9	d515	figs-idiom		0	He gave away thirty daughters in marriage	Here “give away…in marriage” is an idiom which means that he allowed his daughters to get married. Alternate translation: “He had thirty daughters and arranged a marriage for each of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	12	9	r2m9	figs-idiom		0	he brought in thirty daughters of other men for his sons, from the outside	The idiom “bring them in from the outside” means that he had women from other clans marry his sons. Alternate translation: “he arranged for thirty daughters of other men from outside of his clan to marry his sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	12	10	jbg6	figs-activepassive		0	was buried at Bethlehem	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they buried him in Bethlehem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	12	11	k8nx	translate-names		0	Elon	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	12	11	jl6e			0	Zebulunite	someone from the tribe of Zebulun
JDG	12	12	dn79			0	Aijalon	Translate the name of this place the same way you did in [Judges 1:35](../01/35.md).
JDG	12	12	dzh4	figs-activepassive		0	was buried in Aijalon	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they buried him in Aijalon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	12	13	x9gz	translate-names		0	Abdon…Hillel	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	12	13	z3n6	translate-names		0	Pirathon	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	12	14	n7k2	figs-metonymy		0	They rode on seventy donkeys	These men owned seventy donkeys, which they did ride. Here the word “rode” is used instead of “owned.” Alternate translation: “They owned seventy donkeys” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	12	14	ua8s	translate-numbers		0	forty sons…thirty grandsons…seventy donkeys	“40 sons…30 grandsons…70 donkeys (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	12	15	wqm2	translate-names		0	Pirathonite…Pirathon	Pirathon is the name of a place, someone who is from that place is called a Pirathonite. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	13	intro	eu67			0		# Judges 13 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins the account of Samson ([Judges 13-16](./01.md)).<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Warning not to cut his hair<br><br>The angel of the Lord prophesied about Samson and gave instructions to Samson’s mother. Samson’s mother was to offer up her son under a Nazarite vow. This was a special type of vow, dedicating Samson to Yahweh. Part of this vow prohibited the cutting of the person’s hair. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]])<br>
JDG	13	1	acr5	figs-metaphor		0	what was evil in the sight of Yahweh	The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. See how you translated this in [Judges 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “what was evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considered to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	13	1	g29r	figs-metonymy		0	he gave them into the hand of the Philistines	Here “hand” refers to power to gain victory in battle. Alternate translation: “he allowed the Philistines to defeat them” or “he allowed them to be oppressed by the Philistines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	13	1	jxd2	translate-numbers		0	forty years	“40 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	13	2	y3dj	translate-names		0	Zorah	This was the name of a town in Israel. It was in the region of Judah near the border of Dan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	13	2	l3wl			0	Danites	people from the tribe of Dan
JDG	13	2	v9vw	translate-names		0	Manoah	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	13	3	a36u	figs-idiom		0	give birth to a son	This refers to childbirth. Alternate translation: “bear a son” or “have a baby boy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	13	4	nfl8	figs-metaphor		0	anything unclean	Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	13	5	q3p1			0	Look	“Pay attention” or “Listen”
JDG	13	5	wb3h	figs-metonymy		0	No razor will be used upon his head	Here the word “head” refers to his hair. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “No one should ever cut his hair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	13	5	lb1d			0	razor	a sharp knife used to cut hair close to the skin
JDG	13	5	vq8h	figs-explicit		0	a Nazirite to God	This means that he will be devoted to God as a Nazirite. Alternate translation: “a Nazirite devoted to God” or “devoted to God as a Nazirite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	13	5	zui7	figs-metonymy		0	from the womb	Here the word “womb” refers to the time before the child is born. Alternate translation: “from before he is born” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	13	5	am6s	figs-metonymy		0	the hand of the Philistines	Here the word “hand” means control. Alternate translation: “the control of the Philistines” or “being under the Philistine’s control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	13	6	djg9	figs-explicit		0	A man of God	This means that the man was sent by God. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “A man that God sent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	13	6	w3z3	figs-simile		0	his appearance was like that of an angel of God, very terrible	Here “terrible” means “frightening.” Alternate translation: “I was very afraid of him because he looked like an angel of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JDG	13	7	n53c			0	Look	“Pay attention” or “Listen”
JDG	13	7	p1sr	figs-idiom		0	give birth to a son	This refers to childbirth. Alternate translation: “bear a son” or “have a baby boy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	13	7	s1qy	figs-metaphor		0	any food that the law declares to be unclean	Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	13	7	pd9a	figs-explicit		0	a Nazirite to God	This means that he will be devoted to God as a Nazirite. See how you translated this in [Judges 3:5](../03/05.md). Alternate translation: “a Nazirite devoted to God” or “devoted to God as a Nazirite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	13	7	xct1	figs-merism		0	from the time he is in your womb until the day of his death	This emphasizes that it would be for his entire life. Alternate translation: “all his life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JDG	13	8	nb4i			0	Manoah	See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md).
JDG	13	9	m96n	figs-explicit		0	came to the woman	You can make explicit the implicit meaning of the author’s words. Alternate translation: “came to Manoah’s wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	13	10	me6y			0	Look	“Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
JDG	13	10	snn4	figs-explicit		0	The man	This refers to the angel of God in [Judges 13:3](../13/03.md). This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the man of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	13	12	gti5			0	your words	“what you have said”
JDG	13	14	u67r	figs-metonymy		0	anything that comes from the vines	Here the angel refers to any food that grow on a vine as “coming” from the vine. Alternate translation: “anything that grows on a vine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	13	14	f8vu	figs-metaphor		0	unclean	Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 13:7](../13/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	13	15	aw65	figs-explicit		0	prepare a young goat for you	You can make explicit the implicit meaning of Manoah’s statement. Alternate translation: “cook a young goat for you to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	13	17	ut4y			0	your words come true	“what you have said comes true”
JDG	13	18	dsd7	figs-rquestion		0	Why do you ask my name?	The angel asks this question as a rebuke. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not ask me what my name is.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	13	18	rr96	figs-explicit		0	It is wonderful	It may be helpful to explain more explicitly why they should not ask his name. Alternate translation: “It is too wonderful for you to understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	13	19	lw91	figs-explicit		0	with the grain offering	This law requires a grain offering to be offered when a burnt offering is made. Alternate translation: “with the grain offering required with it” or “with the grain offering to accompany it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	13	19	d2km			0	on the rock	“on the altar.” The altar Manoah sacrificed the offering on was a rock.
JDG	13	19	pqv4			0	He did something	“The angel did something”
JDG	13	20	s8h8			0	the angel of Yahweh went up in the flame of the altar	“the angel of Yahweh went back up into heaven through the flames on the altar”
JDG	13	20	g2fz	translate-symaction		0	lay facedown on the ground	“lay with their faces to the ground.” This is a sign of respect and honor, but it also shows their fear of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JDG	13	21	yi5q			0	that he was the angel of Yahweh	The word “he” refers to the man who Manoah and his wife had seen.
JDG	13	22	f9uz	figs-explicit		0	We are sure to die, because we have seen God	It is implied that they think God will cause them to die. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “God will cause us to die because we have seen him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	13	23	u22x	figs-parallelism		0	He would not have shown us all these things, nor at this time would he have let us hear such things	Manoah’s wife said basically the same thing twice for emphasis. These two statements can be combined. Alternate translation: “He would not have told us what he wanted us to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JDG	13	24	n565			0	the woman	“Manoah’s wife”
JDG	13	24	lz2q	figs-idiom		0	gave birth to a son	This refers to childbirth. Alternate translation: “bore a son” or “had a baby boy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	13	24	ht9i			0	grew up	“became an adult” or “matured”
JDG	13	25	hmc1	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh’s Spirit began to stir him	Here the way Yahweh’s Spirit influences Samson is compared to the way a spoon stirs food in a pot. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s Spirit began to influence Samson” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	13	25	wnc2	translate-names		0	Mahaneh Dan…Eshtaol	Mahaneh Dan is the name of a temporary camp that the tribe of Dan lived in while they looked for a permanent home. Eshtaol is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	13	25	x4d3			0	Zorah	Translate the name of this town the same way you did in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md).
JDG	14	intro	cl2d			0		# Judges 14 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Samson continues in this chapter.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 14:14, 18.<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Intermarriage<br>It was considered sinful for an Israel to marry a Canaanite or anyone from a different people group. This is why Samson’s parents did not want him to marry a Philistine woman. They use rhetorical questions to convince him that he is sinning. This woman caused Samson many problems. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br>
JDG	14	1	bwa3	translate-names		0	Samson went down to Timnah	The phrase “went down” is used here because Timnah is lower in elevation than where his father’s house was. Timah is the name of a city in the Sorek Valley. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	14	1	u7xb	figs-euphemism		0	one of the daughters of the Philistines	The word “daughter” is a polite way to refer to a young, unmarried woman. Alternate translation: “one of the unmarried women among the Philistine people” or “a Philistine girl” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JDG	14	2	b9h1	figs-idiom		0	Now get her for me to be my wife	This is an idiom. Samson was demanding his parents to speak to the Philistine woman’s parents about marriage. Alternate translation: “Now arrange for her to become my wife” or “Make the arrangements for me to marry her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	14	3	lcb9	figs-rquestion		0	Is there not a woman among the daughters of your relatives, or among all our people?	They ask this question to suggest that they could find Samson a wife among their own people. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely there are women among your people whom you could marry.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	14	3	x278	figs-euphemism		0	the daughters of your relatives	The word “daughter” is a polite way to refer to a young, unmarried woman. Alternate translation: “one of the unmarried women among your relatives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JDG	14	3	wj22	figs-rquestion		0	Are you going to take a wife from the uncircumcised Philistines?	This question is asked to rebuke Samson. This question can be written as a statement. You can make explicit the reason his parents do not want him to marry a Philistine. Alternate translation: “You really should not marry a Philistine woman because the Philistine people do not worship Yahweh.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	14	3	srv6	figs-idiom		0	Get her for me	This is an idiom. Samson was demanding his parents to speak to the Philistine woman’s parents about marriage. Alternate translation: “Now arrange for her to be my wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	14	3	r62c	figs-explicit		0	she pleases me	This means that Samson thinks she is beautiful. “I am pleased by how beautiful she is” or “she is beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	14	4	ubq9			0	this matter	This refers to Samson’s request to marry the Philistine woman.
JDG	14	4	k7hy			0	for he desired to create a conflict	The word “he” refers to Yahweh.
JDG	14	5	d4lt	translate-names		0	Samson went down to Timnah	The phrase “went down” is used here because Timnah is lower in elevation than where his father’s house was. Timnah was a city in the Sorek Valley. Translate the name of this city the same way you did in [Judges 14:1](../14/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	14	5	ty9r	figs-idiom		0	And, look, there one of the young lions came up	Here the word “look” is used to draw the readers attention to a surprising event that happens in the story. The phrase “came up” means that the lion came near him. Alternate translation: “Suddenly, a young lion came near him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	14	5	szi7			0	was roaring at him	“threatened him.” This is the kind of noise that a lion makes when it threatens to attack something.
JDG	14	6	m9m5	figs-idiom		0	Yahweh’s Spirit suddenly came on him	The phrase “came on” means that Yahweh’s Spirit influenced Samson. In this case, he made him very strong. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s Spirit made him very strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	14	6	ryx9			0	tore…apart	tore into two pieces
JDG	14	6	t92d	figs-litotes		0	had nothing in his hand	Here it states that he had nothing in his hand to emphasize that he was not holding a weapon. Alternate translation: “did not have a weapon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JDG	14	7	s2mj	figs-explicit		0	she pleased Samson	This means that he thought she was very beautiful. Alternate translation: “he was pleased by how beautiful she was” or “he thought she was very beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	14	8	d5v9	figs-idiom		0	he turned aside	This means that he left his path to do something. Alternate translation: “he left the path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	14	8	ude7			0	carcass	dead body
JDG	14	8	um8z	figs-idiom		0	And, look, there was a swarm of bees	Here the word “look” is used to draw the reader’s attention to something surprising that happens in the story. Alternate translation: “He found a swarm of bees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	14	8	y8ha			0	swarm	large group of insects
JDG	14	9	u3ie			0	scraped up	“gathered up”
JDG	14	10	cm3z	figs-idiom		0	Samson’s father went down to where the woman was	The phrase “went down” is used to describe Timnah which is lower in elevation than where Samson’s father lives. Alternate translation: “Samson’s father went to where the woman lived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	14	10	ugh2	figs-explicit		0	the custom of the young men	It may be helpful to state that this was a marriage custom. Alternate translation: “the custom of young men who were getting married” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	14	11	ff89	translate-numbers		0	thirty of their friends	“30 of their friends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	14	12	kh6c			0	riddle	a game in which the players must discover the answer to a difficult question
JDG	14	12	a8er	figs-idiom		0	can find it out	This means to figure out the meaning of the riddle. Alternate translation: “can figure out its meaning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	14	12	fk4t	translate-numbers		0	thirty linen robes and thirty sets of clothes	“30 linen robes and 30 sets of clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	14	12	ze1u			0	linen	a type of cloth
JDG	14	13	yu1y	figs-you		0	But if you cannot tell me	Here the word “you” is plural and refers to the guests at the feast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JDG	14	14	z49r			0	General Information:	Samson tells his riddle. Since it is supposed to be hard to understand, do not translate it in a way that people will immediately know what it means.
JDG	14	14	j8sv			0	Out of the eater was something to eat	“Out of the eater came something to eat” or “Something to eat came out of something that eats”
JDG	14	14	mcm3			0	the eater	The noun “eater” can be expressed as a verb phrase. Alternate translation: “the thing that eats”
JDG	14	14	hsz9			0	out of the strong was something sweet	“out of the strong came something sweet” or “Something that is sweet came out of something that is strong”
JDG	14	14	ck4e	figs-nominaladj		0	the strong	This refers to something that is strong. Alternate translation: “the strong thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
JDG	14	14	bdu6			0	his guests	“the men at his feast”
JDG	14	14	mf31	figs-metaphor		0	could not find the answer	Here figuring out the answer to the riddle is spoke of as if it were something hidden that the guest had to search for and find. Alternate translation: “could not figure out the answer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	14	15	wrs2	translate-ordinal		0	the fourth day	“day 4” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JDG	14	15	w5dc			0	Trick	mislead or fool someone into doing something they would not want to do
JDG	14	15	jx5r	figs-metonymy		0	your father’s house	Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the actual house. Alternate translation: “the house your father and his family live in” or 2) “house” refers to the people who live in it. Alternate translation: “your family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	14	15	t8sh	figs-idiom		0	will burn up	The phrase “burn up” means to burn something completely. If a person is “burnt up,” it means that person is burned to death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	14	15	si25	figs-rquestion		0	Did you invite us here in order to make us poor?	They ask her this question to accuse her of doing evil. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have brought us here to make us poor!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	14	15	sg4i	figs-explicit		0	to make us poor	They would become poor if they had to buy him new clothes if they could not solve the riddle. Alternate translation: “to make us poor by forcing us to buy him new clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	14	16	hr3k	figs-parallelism		0	All you do is hate me! You do not love me	Samson’s wife basically said the same thing twice for emphasis. Alternate translation: “You do not really love me at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JDG	14	16	d72a			0	riddle	a game in which the players must discover the answer to a difficult question
JDG	14	16	j4gp			0	Look here	This is used to get someones attention. Here “look” means to “listen.” Alternate translation: “Listen to me” or “Pay attention to what I am about to say”
JDG	14	16	zq8z	figs-rquestion		0	if I have not told my father or my mother, should I tell you?	Samson was rebuking her for demanding that he tell her the answer. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have not even told my father or mother. I will not tell you.” or “you should not demand that I tell you, since I have not even told my parents, and they are closer to me than you are.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	14	17	ejm7			0	during the seven days that their feast lasted	Possible meanings are 1) “during the seven days of their feast” or 2) “during the rest of the seven days of their feast.”
JDG	14	17	rfq6	translate-ordinal		0	the seventh day	“day 7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JDG	14	17	xid1	figs-idiom		0	she pressured him very much	Here the word “pressured” means “urged.” Alternate translation: “she kept urging him to tell her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	14	18	ui6t	figs-explicit		0	the men of the city	This refers to Samson’s wife’s relatives. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the young men” or “her relatives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	14	18	mq6y	translate-ordinal		0	the seventh day	“day 7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JDG	14	18	vi1z	figs-rquestion		0	What is sweeter than honey? What is stronger than a lion?	This is the answer to the riddle. It may be written as a statement instead of as questions. If necessary it could be made clear how this relates to the riddle by adding more information. Alternate translation: “Honey is sweet and a lion is strong.” or “Honey is sweet and it came out of a lion.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	14	18	scv6	figs-metaphor		0	If you had not plowed with my heifer	Samson compares their using his wife to get the answer to someone using another person’s heifer to plow his field. Alternate translation: “If you had not used my wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	14	18	cl8w			0	plowed	To plow is to use an animal to pull a blade through soil to prepare the soil for seeds.
JDG	14	19	m2gz	figs-idiom		0	came on Samson with power	The phrase “came on” means that Yahweh’s Spirit influenced Samson. In this case, he made him very strong. Alternate translation: “made Samson very strong” or “made Samson very powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	14	19	ht3c	translate-numbers		0	killed thirty of their men	“killed 30 of their men” - (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	14	19	kc4e			0	their men	“the men who lived there”
JDG	14	19	u2u5			0	plunder	things taken by force, usually after a fight or battle
JDG	14	19	axx7	figs-explicit		0	their clothes	These were from the plunder he had taken from Ashkelon. Alternate translation: “the sets of clothing that he had taken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	14	19	ym43			0	Burning with anger	“Very angry”
JDG	14	19	d5ji			0	went up to his father’s house	The phrase “went up” is used here because Samson was at Timnah which is lower in elevation than where his father’s house is located.
JDG	14	20	hb14	figs-activepassive		0	Samson’s wife was given to his best friend	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “his wife’s father gave her to his best friend” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	14	20	ibt7			0	best friend	“closest friend”
JDG	15	intro	dn16			0		# Judges 15 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Samson continues in this chapter.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 15:16.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Samson’s strength<br><br>The Spirit of Yahweh rushed upon Samson. This meant God gave Samson extraordinary strength. Samson’s power is the power of Yahweh himself and he enacted the judgment of God on the Philistines. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])<br>
JDG	15	1	gn7w	figs-idiom		0	He said to himself	This refers to thinking. Alternate translation: “He thought to himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	15	1	n6ml	figs-explicit		0	I will go to my wife’s room	Samson intended to sleep with his wife. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I will go to my wife’s room, so we may sleep together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	15	1	hmg4	figs-ellipsis		0	would not allow him to go in	The phrase “her room” is understood from what Samson said to himself. It can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “would not permit him to go into her room” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JDG	15	2	f2qk	figs-explicit		0	so I gave her to your friend	This means that he gave her to be his friend’s wife. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “so I gave her to be married to your friend” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	15	2	pn1a	figs-rquestion		0	is she not?	He asks this question to imply that Samson should agree with him. This question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “I hope you agree.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	15	2	ruf2	figs-explicit		0	Take her instead	He is suggesting that Samson take her as his wife. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Take her to be your wife instead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	15	3	b19a	figs-explicit		0	I will be innocent in regard to the Philistines when I hurt them	Samson thinks that he will be innocent if he attacks the Philistines because they wronged him. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I will be innocent if I hurt the Philistines because they have wronged me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	15	4	vl3y	translate-numbers		0	three hundred foxes	“300 foxes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	15	4	bxn9			0	foxes	Foxes are animals like dogs that have long tails and that eat nesting birds and other small animals.
JDG	15	4	g4ms			0	each pair	a pair is two of anything, such as two foxes, or two tails
JDG	15	4	l3z7			0	tail to tail	“by their tails”
JDG	15	4	b6p3			0	torches	A torch is a stick of wood with something flammable attached to one end; a torch is often used to light other things or to be carried for light.
JDG	15	5	p7mc			0	standing grain	grain that is still growing on its stalk in the field
JDG	15	5	i6qn			0	stacked grain	the stalks of grain collected in piles after it has been harvested
JDG	15	5	a7kw			0	orchards	An orchard is a place where fruit trees are grown.
JDG	15	6	mns7			0	the Timnite’s son-in-law	The husband of a man’s daughter is a “son-in-law.”
JDG	15	6	r78s	translate-names		0	Timnite	This is a person from Timnah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	15	6	uk9a	figs-explicit		0	took Samson’s wife and gave her to his friend	Samson’s wife’s father gave her in marriage to Samson’s friend. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “took Samson’s wife and allowed her to marry Samson’s friend” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	15	6	hz8u	figs-idiom		0	burned up	The phrase “burned up” means to burn something completely. If a person is “burned up,” it means that person is burned to death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	15	7	sj8e			0	said to them	“said to the Philistines”
JDG	15	7	k4eu			0	If this is what you do	“Because you have done this.”
JDG	15	8	x42b	figs-synecdoche		0	he cut them to pieces, hip and thigh	Here “hip and thigh” refers to the whole body. This is a graphic description of how Samson killed the Philistines. Alternate translation: “He cut their bodies to pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	15	8	m2qa	figs-idiom		0	he went down	Here the phrase “went down” does not likely mean that he changed elevation, but rather, it is a way to describe someone going to another place. Alternate translation: “he went” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	15	8	xk3p			0	cave	an opening in a hill or mountainside
JDG	15	8	yl63			0	cliff	a high, rocky hill or mountainside
JDG	15	8	b6rw	translate-names		0	Etam	This is the name of the rocky hill country near Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	15	9	g7cb			0	the Philistines came up…in Judah	The phrase “came up” is used here because the Philistines went to Judah which is higher in elevation than where they traveled from.
JDG	15	9	fkh2			0	prepared for battle	“organized themselves for battle”
JDG	15	9	v6jw	translate-names		0	Lehi	This is the name of a town in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	15	10	ut2q	figs-explicit		0	do to him as he has done to us	The Philistines are comparing how they want to kill Samson to how he killed many of the Philistines. Alternate translation: “kill him like he killed many of our people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JDG	15	11	y64p	translate-numbers		0	three thousand men of Judah	“3,000 men of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	15	11	ji18			0	cave in the cliff of Etam	See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 15:8](../15/08.md).
JDG	15	11	k7fw	figs-rquestion		0	Do you not know that the Philistines are rulers over us? What is this you have done to us?	The men of Judah ask Samson these questions to rebuke him. This questions may be written as a statements. Alternate translation: “You know that the Philistines are rulers over us but you act like they are not. What you have done has caused us great harm.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	15	11	td2d	figs-explicit		0	They did to me, and so I have done to them	Samson is referring to how they killed his wife and how he killed them in revenge. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “They killed my wife, so I killed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	15	12	a6ty	figs-metonymy		0	the hands of the Philistines	Here “hands” refers to power. Alternate translation: “the Philistine’s control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	15	13	nz1k	figs-idiom		0	hand you over to them	This means to cause someone to be under someone else’s control. Alternate translation: “give you to the Philistines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	15	13	m8g6	figs-explicit		0	up from the rock	This refers to the cave in the cliff of Etam where Samson had gone in [Judges 15:8](../15/08.md). Here the words “up from” mean that they had brought him away from the cave. Alternate translation: “away from the cave in the large rock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	15	14	dr4z	figs-explicit		0	When he came	Samson was not travelling alone, he was being led by the men who had tied him with ropes. Alternate translation: “When they came” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	15	14	xp7l			0	Lehi	This is the name of a town in Judah. See how you translated this in [Judges 15:9](../15/09.md).
JDG	15	14	w48h	figs-idiom		0	came on him with power	The phrase “came on” means that Yahweh’s Spirit influenced Samson. In this case, he made him very strong. Alternate translation: “made Samson very strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	15	14	nue5	figs-simile		0	The ropes on his arms became like burnt flax	Samson easily broken the ropes that bound his hands. The author describes how easily he broke the ropes by saying it was as if they had become burnt flax. Alternate translation: “He snapped the ropes on his arms as easily as if they had been stalks of burned flax” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JDG	15	14	d1fe			0	flax	fibers from the flax plant used for making threads and cloth
JDG	15	15	w6nt			0	a fresh jawbone	This means that the donkey had died very recently and its bones had not yet begun to decay. A jawbone is the bone in which the lower rows of teeth are set.
JDG	15	15	nb59	translate-numbers		0	a thousand men	“1,000 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	15	16	dzp6			0	the jawbone of a donkey	“a donkey’s jawbone”
JDG	15	16	dm4v	figs-explicit		0	heaps upon heaps	This phrase describes how many people Samson killed. There were enough bodies to make large piles of bodies. Alternate translation: “I have made heaps of dead bodies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	15	17	ra2d	translate-names		0	Ramath Lehi	This is the name of a place. It’s name means “Jawbone Hill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	15	18	ta26			0	was very thirsty	“needed water to drink”
JDG	15	18	t3wx	figs-hyperbole		0	But now will I die of thirst and fall into…uncircumcised?	Possible meanings are 1) Samson is so thirsty he could literally die. Alternate translation: “But now I will die of thirst and my body will fall into…uncircumcised.” or 2) Samson exaggerates how thirsty he is by asking if he will die of thirst. Alternate translation: “But now will you allow me to become so weak from my thirst that I fall into…uncircumcised?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JDG	15	18	h9yr	figs-idiom		0	die of thirst	This means to die because you have not drank enough and therefore, you do not have enough water in your body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	15	18	u4x9	figs-idiom		0	fall into the hands of those who are uncircumcised	The phrase “fall into the hands” means to be captured. “Those who are uncircumcised” refers to the Philistines and with the word “uncircumcised” emphasizing that they do not worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: “be captured by those godless Philistines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	15	19	c7pf			0	split open the hollow place	“opened a hole in the ground” or “opened the low place.” This refers to a low area of ground where Yahweh caused a spring of water to appear.
JDG	15	19	c776			0	Lehi	See how you translated this in [Judges 15:9](../15/09.md)
JDG	15	19	rty1	figs-parallelism		0	his strength returned and he revived	These two phrase mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Samson became strong again. These two statements can be combined. Alternate translation: “he became strong again” or “he was revived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JDG	15	19	r7ji	translate-names		0	En Hakkore	This is the name of a spring of water. The name means “spring of him who prayed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	15	19	k47v	figs-idiom		0	it is at Lehi to this day	This means that the spring did not dry up but that it remained. The phrase “to this day” refers to the “present” time. Alternate translation: “the spring can still be found at Lehi, even today” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	15	20	ru29	figs-explicit		0	in the days of the Philistines	This refers to the time period that the Philistines controlled the land of Israel. Alternate translation: “during the time the Philistines controlled Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	15	20	l52v	translate-numbers		0	for twenty years	“for 20 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	16	intro	u81n			0		# Judges 16 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The account of Samson concludes in this chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Samson’s mistake<br><br>Samson mistakenly thought that he was the source of his strength. He did not realize that Yahweh had left him and without Yahweh, he had no strength. This was not Samson’s only mistake. His foreign wife created most of his problems.<br>
JDG	16	1	l289	figs-euphemism		0	he went to bed with her	The phrase “went to bed with” is a polite way of referring to having sex. Alternate translation: “he had sex with her” or “he slept with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JDG	16	2	j859	translate-names		0	The Gazites were told	The word “Gazites” refers to people from Gaza. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone told the people of Gaza” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	16	2	fyj2			0	The Gazites surrounded the place…they waited for him all night at the city gate	This implies that some Gazites surrounded the place where Samson was staying and others waited at the city gate so that he could not leave.
JDG	16	2	lsy6			0	They kept silent all night	Possible meanings are 1) “They did not make any noise all night” or 2) “They made no attempt to attack him all night.”
JDG	16	3	iye2			0	until midnight	“until the middle of the night”
JDG	16	3	fv5x			0	its two posts	These are supports for the city gate. These posts were probably made from tree trunks and were buried deep into the ground. The doors of the city gate were attached to these posts.
JDG	16	3	c2m4			0	bar and all	The bar was probably a heavy rod of iron that connected the gate to the posts. The doors of the city gate were probably made of heavy wooden beams or iron bars.
JDG	16	3	m4dx			0	shoulders	the part of the human body where the arms and the neck attach to the body
JDG	16	3	yq6t	translate-names		0	Hebron	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	16	4	itb4	translate-names		0	Valley of Sorek	This is the name of a valley near Samson’s home. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	16	5	c6wz			0	Trick	to mislead or fool someone into doing something they would not want to do
JDG	16	5	x4w2	figs-idiom		0	to see	This is an idiom that means to learn something. Alternate translation: “to understand” or “to learn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	16	5	vq28	figs-idiom		0	where his great strength lies	This is an idiom that refers to where his strength comes from. Alternate translation: “what causes him to be very strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	16	5	y38x			0	by what means we may overpower him	“how we might overpower him”””
JDG	16	5	g3bg	translate-numbers		0	1,100 pieces of silver	“one thousand one hundred pieces of silver.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	16	6	r4hy	figs-activepassive		0	bind you, so you might be controlled	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “bind you to control you” or “bind you to restrain you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	16	7	ae1p			0	fresh bowstrings	Bowstrings were often made from parts of an animal, often from the tendons. The words “fresh bowstrings” refer to those that come from a freshly slaughtered animal that have not yet dried.
JDG	16	7	z8ml	figs-activepassive		0	that have not been dried	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that have not yet dried” or “that are not dry yet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	16	8	xv64	figs-activepassive		0	that had not been dried	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that had not yet dried” or “that were not dry yet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	16	8	xt1g			0	she tied Samson up with them	“Delilah tied Samson up with the fresh bowstrings”
JDG	16	9	n6px	writing-background		0	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author tells background information about Philistine men that Delilah had waiting to capture Samson. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG	16	9	by3q	figs-idiom		0	The Philistines are upon you	The phrase “upon you” means that they are ready to capture him. Alternate translation: “The Philistines are here to capture you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	16	9	sy3a	figs-simile		0	he broke the bowstrings like a thread of yarn when it touches the fire	The author describes how easily he broke the bowstrings by comparing them to how yarn breaks when it is burned. Alternate translation: “he broke the bowstrings as easily as if he were breaking burned yarn” or “he broke the bowstrings as easily as if they were made of thin yarn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JDG	16	10	x2km	figs-parallelism		0	This is how you have deceived me and told me lies.	Deceiving and lying mean the same thing and are stated to emphasize how angry Delilah felt. Alternate translation: “You have greatly deceived me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JDG	16	10	e5iw			0	you can be overpowered	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people can overpower you”
JDG	16	12	vpr3	figs-idiom		0	The Philistines are upon you	The phrase “upon you” means that they are there to capture him. Alternate translation: “The Philistines are here to capture you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	16	12	rnx9	figs-idiom		0	lying in wait	This means that they were hiding and waiting for the right moment to attack. Alternate translation: “waiting to attack him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	16	12	j7zp	figs-simile		0	like they were a piece of thread	The author describes how easily Samson broke the ropes by comparing it to him breaking a piece of thread. Alternate translation: “as easily as if they were only a piece of thread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JDG	16	13	hg41	figs-parallelism		0	you have deceived me and told me lies	Deceiving and lying mean the same thing and are stated to emphasize how angry Delilah felt. Alternate translation: “you have greatly deceived me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JDG	16	13	t97z	figs-activepassive		0	you may be overpowered	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people can overpower you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	16	13	s6f3			0	weave	crossing pieces of material together so they hold each other in place
JDG	16	13	h8x3			0	locks of my hair	small bunches of hair
JDG	16	13	c2e8			0	fabric	cloth made from weaving material together
JDG	16	13	wv5v	translate-unknown		0	loom	a machine used for combining many threads of material into a cloth (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
JDG	16	13	gkr7			0	then nail that to the loom	“then nail the fabric to the loom”
JDG	16	13	pn2m			0	nail	to hammer a nail in order to hold something in one place
JDG	16	13	w58a	figs-explicit		0	I will be like any other man	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “I will be as weak as any other man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	16	14	h61l	figs-idiom		0	The Philistines are upon you	The phrase “upon you” means that they are there to capture him. Alternate translation: “The Philistines are here to capture you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	16	14	k9fi	figs-explicit		0	he pulled out the fabric and the pin from the loom	Samson pulled out the fabric from the loom when he pulled his hair away from the loom. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “pulled away his hair, taking with it the pin of the loom and the fabric in the loom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	16	14	lc6p			0	the pin	This is the wooden nail or peg used to fasten the fabric to the loom.
JDG	16	15	zzt1	figs-rquestion		0	How can you say, ‘I love you,’ when you do not share your secrets with me?	Delilah asks this question to say that if Samson really loved her he would tell her his secrets. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “When you say ‘I love you,’ you are lying because you do not share your secrets with me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	16	16	s5ui	figs-idiom		0	pressed him hard…pressured him	Here the author speaks of how Delilah tries to persuade Samson as if she were putting pressure on him to convince him to tell her what she wants to know. Alternate translation: “tried hard to persuade him…kept trying to persuade him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	16	16	imn2			0	with her words	“by what she said to him”
JDG	16	16	iqa6	figs-hyperbole		0	that he wished he would die	The author used a hyperbole, an exaggeration, to emphasize how miserable Sampson felt. Alternate translation: “that he was completely miserable” or “that he was very unhappy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JDG	16	17	c8q9	figs-explicit		0	told her everything	everything about the source of his strength. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “told her the source of his strength” or “told her the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	16	17	y8xz			0	razor	a sharp blade used to cut hair close to a person’s skin
JDG	16	17	z2nf	figs-explicit		0	a Nazirite for God	This means that he is devoted to God as a Nazirite. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Judges 13:5](../13/05.md). Alternate translation: “a Nazirite devoted to God” or “devoted to God as a Nazirite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	16	17	fhm4	figs-metonymy		0	from my mother’s womb	Here “from my mother’s womb” refers to when he was born. This means that he has been a Nazirite since he was born. Alternate translation: “my entire life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	16	17	t2us	figs-activepassive		0	If my head is shaved	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If someone shaves my head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	16	17	seg5			0	shaved	to have had the hair cut close to the skin with a razor
JDG	16	17	iq1l	figs-personification		0	my strength will leave me	Samson speaks about his strength as if it were a person who could leave him. Alternate translation: “I will not be strong any more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JDG	16	18	m9zg	figs-idiom		0	Delilah saw	Here the word “saw” is a idiom that means to realize something. Alternate translation: “Delilah realized” or “Delilah learned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	16	18	z2eu	figs-explicit		0	the truth about everything	Here the word “everything” refers to everything about why Samson was strong. Alternate translation: “the truth about why he is strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	16	18	x4mm			0	Come up again	Delilah is telling the rulers to come again to where she lives. Her home is likely at a higher elevation than where the rulers would be travelling from.
JDG	16	18	ipi8	figs-explicit		0	bringing the silver in their hands	This means that they brought to her the silver that they had promised to give her if she helped them capture Samson. Alternate translation: “bringing the silver that they had promised to give her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	16	19	h2jg			0	She had him fall asleep	“She caused him to fall asleep”
JDG	16	19	x4y8	figs-explicit		0	in her lap	This means that he slept with his head on her lap. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “with his head on her lap” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	16	19	gjg3			0	lap	The lap is the level area of the upper legs when a person is sitting down.
JDG	16	19	vai4	figs-possession		0	the seven locks of his head	Samson had seven locks of hair on his head. Locks are small bunches of hair. Here his locks of hair are described as “belonging” to his head. Alternate translation: “the seven locks of hair on his head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
JDG	16	19	w8dj			0	subdue him	“control him”
JDG	16	19	qt31	figs-personification		0	his strength had left him	Here Samson’s strength is described as if it were a person who could leave him. Alternate translation: “his strength was gone” or “he was no longer strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JDG	16	20	e9dj	figs-idiom		0	The Philistines are upon you	The phrase “upon you” means that they are ready to capture him. Alternate translation: “The Philistines are here to capture you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	16	20	jt7e			0	woke up	“awakened”
JDG	16	20	n31e			0	get out	“escape”
JDG	16	20	n47x	figs-explicit		0	But he did not know that Yahweh had left him	It is implied that if Yahweh left Samson, he would no longer be strong. Alternate translation: “But he did not know that Yahweh had left him and that he would not be strong enough to defeat the Philistines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	16	21	ve9n	figs-idiom		0	put out his eyes	This means that they removed his eyes from his head. Alternate translation: “removed his eyes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	16	21	z2vv			0	down to Gaza	The phrase “down to” is used here because they brought Samson to Gaza which is lower in elevation than his home where they captured him.
JDG	16	21	t7gr			0	bound him with bronze shackles	“chained him with bronze shackles” or “tied him up using bronze shackles”
JDG	16	21	t1sq			0	shackles	locks on the end of chains that hold a prisoner at his feet or hands, or both
JDG	16	21	mn74			0	turned the millstone	“pulled the millstone around in a circle”
JDG	16	21	ujq1			0	millstone	This is a very large, heavy, circular stone. Normally, a large animal pulls the millstone around in a circle to crush grain. Here the Philistines humiliate Samson by making him pull it.
JDG	16	22	ru6p	figs-activepassive		0	after it had been shaved	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “after the Philistines had shaved it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	16	23	b13v	translate-names		0	Dagon	a major false god of the Philistines (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	16	23	p125			0	has conquered	“has defeated”
JDG	16	23	ekg1	figs-metaphor		0	put him in our grasp	Here the author speak of Samson being under the rulers’ control as if he were something grasped tightly by their hands. Alternate translation: “put him under our control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	16	24	ums1			0	the destroyer of our country	This refers to Samson. The word “destroyer” can be expressed with the verb “destroy.” Alternate translation: “the man who has destroyed our country”
JDG	16	24	y4qk	figs-synecdoche		0	who killed many of us	Here the word “us” refers to the Philistine people. Those who are talking are not counting themselves among the people whom Samson killed. Alternate translation: “who killed many of our people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	16	25	hiy5	figs-explicit		0	Call for Samson…They called for Samson	Since Samson was a prisoner, he would not be called directly, but rather the people were asking for the men in charge of the prison to bring him to them. Alternate translation: “Call for them to bring out Samson…They brought Samson” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	16	26	b8yg			0	the boy	“the young man” This was not a young child, but rather a youth.
JDG	16	26	d2gs			0	Permit me to touch the pillars on which the building rests	“Allow me to touch the pillars which hold up the building”
JDG	16	27	fx8p	writing-background		0	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story while the writer tells background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG	16	27	cp19	translate-numbers		0	three thousand men and women	“3,000 men and women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	16	27	l6hc			0	looking on	“watching”
JDG	16	27	ulj6			0	while Samson was entertaining them	It is unclear what Samson did to entertain them. It seems the Philistines were making him do things that would humiliate him so that they could make fun of him.
JDG	16	28	n4yh			0	called to Yahweh	“prayed to Yahweh”
JDG	16	28	ypq4	figs-idiom		0	call me to mind	This means to remember him and his situation. Alternate translation: “remember me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	16	28	ld69			0	only this once	“one more time”
JDG	16	28	f2en	figs-idiom		0	in one blow on the Philistines	This idiom means that he wants to have one more powerful act against the Philistines to get full revenge for what they did to him. Alternate translation: “with one strike against the Philistine” or “in one powerful act against the Philistines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	16	29	dmd3			0	on which the building rested	“which held up the building”
JDG	16	30	mt5g	figs-explicit		0	He stretched out with his strength	When Samson stretched out his arms he pushed down the pillars of the building. Alternate translation: “He used his strength to push down the pillars” or “He used his strength to push over the pillars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	16	30	i5lw	figs-nominaladj		0	the dead	This refers to people who are dead. Alternate translation: “the dead people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
JDG	16	30	u7yd			0	were more	“were a greater amount”
JDG	16	31	rl5r	figs-metonymy		0	all the house of his father	Here the word “house” refers to his family. Alternate translation: “all of his father’s family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	16	31	jg6m			0	came down	The phrase “came down” is used here because the place that Samson’s family traveled form was higher in elevation than Gaza.
JDG	16	31	na1k			0	Zorah…Eshtaol	See how you translated the names of these places in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md) and [Judges 13:25](../13/25.md).
JDG	16	31	de6c			0	in the burial place of Manoah, his father	“where his father, Manoah, is buried”
JDG	16	31	i2d4	translate-names		0	Manoah	See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	16	31	wv8z	figs-explicit		0	Samson had judged Israel for twenty years	This same sentence is also in [Judges 15:20](../15/20.md). It is repeated here to remind readers of how long he judged Israel. Alternate translation: “Samson had judged Israel for twenty years before he died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	16	31	vmv2	translate-numbers		0	twenty years	“20 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	17	intro	c454			0		# Judges 17 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a section explaining how Israel came to have a king.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Idols and figures<br><br>According to the law of Moses, the Israelites were prohibited from making wooden figures or cast metal idols. This was a form of idolatry. This practice was common in Canaan and it shows the influence the Israelites allowed these people to have on them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br>
JDG	17	1	rrp1	writing-participants		0	There was a man	This is a way to introduce a new person to the story line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
JDG	17	1	ke46	translate-names		0	Micah	This is the name of a man. It is not the same man who wrote the book of Micah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	17	2	c1x6	translate-numbers		0	1,100 pieces	“one thousand one hundred pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	17	2	k7it	figs-activepassive		0	that were taken from you	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which someone stole from you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	17	2	m56x			0	I stole it	“I was the one who took it”
JDG	17	3	z9j9	translate-numbers		0	1,100 pieces	“one thousand one hundred” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	17	3	p6yd	figs-idiom		0	set apart	This means to dedicate something to a specific purpose. Alternate translation: “dedicate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	17	3	sc6v			0	cast metal	metal that has been melted and poured into a mold to form a special shape
JDG	17	3	ss9u			0	I restore it to you	“I give it back to you”
JDG	17	4	xsr8	translate-numbers		0	two hundred pieces of silver	“200 pieces of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	17	4	r9hl	figs-activepassive		0	they were placed in the house of Micah	The word “they” refers to the metal figures. This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Micah placed them in his house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	17	5	f5zy	figs-explicit		0	a house of idols	This refers to a house used specifically for worshiping idols. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “a house for worshiping idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	17	6	mxx3	figs-metaphor		0	everyone did what was right in his own eyes	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “each person did what he decided was right” or “each person did what he judged to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	17	7	z9bc			0	of Bethlehem	“from Bethlehem”
JDG	17	7	u5wv	figs-explicit		0	of the clan of Judah	This means that he was living among the family of Judah, that is, the tribe of Judah. Alternate translation: “who was living among the tribe of Judah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	17	7	ktm7			0	He stayed there to fulfill his duties	“He lived and worked there”
JDG	17	8	pd1z			0	find a place to live	“find a different place to live”
JDG	17	9	u9x8	figs-explicit		0	where I might live	It is implied that he is looking for a place to live and work. Alternate translation: “where I might live and have a job” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	17	10	s5tz	figs-metonymy		0	a father and a priest	The word “father” is here used in the sense of an advisor, and not to a literal father. Alternate translation: “an advisor and a priest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	17	10	mw13			0	I will give you ten pieces of silver a year	“I will give you ten pieces of silver each year”
JDG	17	10	j73e			0	a suit of clothes	“a set of clothes”
JDG	17	10	tm7m	figs-explicit		0	So the Levite went into his house	It is implied that the Levite accepted Micah’s offer, and therefore, entered Micah’s house. Alternate translation: “So the Levite accepted his offer and went into his house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	17	11	mvs9	figs-simile		0	the young man became to Micah like one of his sons	The relationship between the Levite and Micah became like the close relationship between a father and son. Alternate translation: “the young man became close to Micah and was like one of his sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JDG	17	12	t9an	figs-idiom		0	Micah set apart the Levite	Here “set apart” means that Micah “dedicated” or “ordained” him. Alternate translation: “Micah dedicated the Levite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	17	12	s6d6	figs-metonymy		0	was in Micah’s house	Here living in Micah’s house is spoken of as “being” in his house. Alternate translation: “lived in Micah’s house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	18	intro	y2ru			0		# Judges 18 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The tribe of Dan<br><br>The tribe of Dan lacked faith in Yahweh and had yet to conquer its inheritance. In this chapter, they begin to conquer their land, but they also started to worship an idol. Their conquering of the land is much different than the other tribes’ victories. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]])<br>
JDG	18	1	d1r4	writing-newevent		0	In those days	This phrase introduces the beginning of another event in the story line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
JDG	18	1	w9qn	writing-background		0	In those days…from among the tribes of Israel	This is background information about Israel and the people of the tribe of Dan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG	18	1	g4f2	figs-explicit		0	not received any inheritance from	This refers specifically to land inherited where they would live. Alternate translation: “not received a land inheritance from” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	18	2	f83t	figs-metonymy		0	from the whole number of their tribe	The phrase “the whole number” refers to all of the men in the tribe. Alternate translation: “from among all of the men in their tribe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	18	2	j6xd			0	experienced warriors	“experienced fighters”
JDG	18	2	jv96			0	Zorah	See how you translated the name of this town in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md).
JDG	18	2	cgy7			0	Eshtaol	See how you translated the name of this town in [Judges 13:25](../13/25.md).
JDG	18	2	wg6e	figs-idiom		0	to scout the land on foot	The phrase “on foot” means to walk. Alternate translation: “to scout the land by walking through it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	18	2	bt98			0	Micah	See how you translated this man’s name in [Judges 17:1](../17/01.md).
JDG	18	3	c2tl	figs-metonymy		0	they recognized the speech of the young Levite	They recognized the man by the sound of his voice. Here “speech” refers to his “voice.” Alternate translation: “they heard the young Levite talking, and they recognized his voice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	18	7	i57p	translate-names		0	Laish	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	18	7	a8c9			0	There was no one who conquered	“There were no enemies living in their land who had conquered them”
JDG	18	7	ch81			0	had no dealings with anyone	“had no contact with any outsiders.” This means they lived far enough away from any other city that they lived secluded from other people.
JDG	18	8	f5il			0	Zorah	Translate the name of this city the same as you did in [Judges 13:2](../13/02.md).
JDG	18	8	lih2			0	Eshtaol	Translate the name of this city the same as you did in [Judges 13:25](../13/25.md).
JDG	18	9	zpe9	figs-rquestion		0	Are you doing nothing?	This rhetorical question is asked sarcastically and means that they should be doing the opposite. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should be acting now!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JDG	18	9	n8um	figs-doublenegatives		0	Do not be slow to attack	These two negative words “not” and “slow” together emphasize the positive idea to attack quickly. Alternate translation: “Hurry! Attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JDG	18	10	r61z			0	the land is wide	“the land is large.” This is a description of the size of the land.
JDG	18	10	ab9j	figs-hyperbole		0	that does not lack anything in the land	The men use a hyperbole, an exaggeration, to emphasize that it is a very desirable place to live. Alternate translation: “where we will have everything there that we need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JDG	18	10	aj2l	figs-doublenegatives		0	that does not lack anything	The two negative words together emphasize a positive idea. Alternate translation: “has everything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JDG	18	11	b97l	translate-numbers		0	Six hundred men	“600 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	18	12	z66i	translate-names		0	Kiriath Jearim	This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	18	12	q4cf			0	Mahaneh Dan	Translate the name of this place the same as you did in [Judges 13:25](../13/25.md).
JDG	18	12	f453	figs-idiom		0	to this day	This means that something remains the same. It refers to the “present” time. Alternate translation: “and that is still its name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	18	14	l46p			0	Laish	Translate the name of this town the same as you did in [Judges 18:7](../18/07.md).
JDG	18	14	g3gr	figs-rquestion		0	in these houses there are an ephod,…metal figure? Decide…will do	The five men asked this question to suggest and encourage the men that they should steal the idols. This can be written as a statement, and the implied information may be given in a parenthetical phrase. Alternate translation: “these houses contain an ephod,…metal figure. (They were suggesting that the men steal these things.) Decide…will do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	18	14	g8xi			0	in these houses there are	“in one of these house there is” or “among these houses is”
JDG	18	15	cx88			0	they turned in there	“they turned”
JDG	18	15	tf6m			0	they greeted him	The word “him” refers to the Levite.
JDG	18	16	m84v	translate-numbers		0	six hundred Danites	“600 Danites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	18	17	a6nq	translate-numbers		0	six hundred men	“600 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	18	19	fje7	figs-rquestion		0	Is it better for you to be priest for the house of one man…a clan in Israel?	They ask this as a rhetorical question to imply that it is true. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is better for you to be priest for a tribe and a clan in Israel than for just the house of one man.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	18	20	z2bp	figs-synecdoche		0	The priest’s heart was glad	Here the priest is referred to by his “heart” to emphasize his emotions. Alternate translation: “The priest was glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	18	21	v31e	figs-explicit		0	They put the small children in front of themselves	They traveled this way to protect the children. If Micah and his people attacked them the would reach the warriors first and not the children. Alternate translation: “They put the small children in front of themselves to protect them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	18	21	t33e			0	they turned	“the Danites turned around”
JDG	18	22	p9e2	figs-idiom		0	a good distance	“some distance.” This refers a short distance but one that is long enough to be considered as measurable progress. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	18	22	l34e	figs-activepassive		0	the men who were in the houses near Micah’s house were called together	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he called together the men who were in the houses near his house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	18	22	vkf1			0	they caught up with the Danites	This implies that they ran after them. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “running after the Danites, they caught up with them”
JDG	18	23	c2k3	figs-rquestion		0	Why have you been called together?	This question is a rebuke. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have called your men together to chase us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	18	23	sbb8	figs-activepassive		0	been called together	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “called these men together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	18	24	dy7i	figs-metonymy		0	the gods that I made	Micah did not make his gods, rather the craftsman made them. Alternate translation: “the gods which I had made for me” or “the gods which a craftsman made for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	18	24	edz2	figs-rquestion		0	What else do I have left?	Micah asks this question to emphasize that he no longer has the things that are important to him. Alternate translation: “I have nothing left.” or “You have taken everything that is important to me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	18	24	i1v2	figs-rquestion		0	How can you ask me, ‘What is bothering you?’	Micah asks this question to emphasize that the Danites definitely know what is bothering him. Alternate translation: “You know that I am greatly distressed!’” or “You know how much I am bothered by what you have done to me!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	18	25	yzy3	figs-metonymy		0	let us hear you say anything	The phrase “us hear you say” refers to the Danites hearing Micah speaking about what had happened, but it also includes if they are told by others that Micah had spoken about what had happened. Alternate translation: “let us find out that you have said anything” or “say anything about this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	18	25	pgt9	figs-explicit		0	hear you say anything	The word “anything” refers to any information about the Danites coming to Micah’s house and stealing his idols. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “hear you say anything about this matter” or “hear you say anything about what has happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	18	25	fqe4	figs-activepassive		0	you and your family will be killed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “kill you and your family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	18	26	g59x	figs-idiom		0	went their way	This means that they continued on their journey. Alternate translation: “continued on their journey” or “continued travelling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	18	26	v6df	figs-explicit		0	they were too strong for him	This refers to the Danites being too strong for Micah and his men to fight against. Alternate translation: “they were too strong for him and his men to fight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	18	27	k9py	figs-metonymy		0	what Micah had made	Micah did not make his gods, rather a craftsman made them for him. Also, this can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the things that had been made for Micah” or “Micah’s things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	18	27	fw33			0	Laish	See how you translated this in [Judges 18:7](../18/07.md).
JDG	18	27	r1pv	figs-synecdoche		0	with the edge of the sword	“with their swords.” Here “the sword” represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	18	28	p5rb			0	they had no dealings with anyone	this means they lived far enough away from any other city, that they lived secluded from other people. See how you translated this phrase in [Judges 18:7](../18/07.md).
JDG	18	28	vw28	translate-names		0	Beth Rehob	This is a name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	18	30	z23n	figs-explicit		0	Jonathan son of Gershom, son of Moses	This is the name of the young Levite who used to serve as priest for Micah. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “The young Levite’s name was Jonathan the son of Gershom, son of Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	18	30	myi7	figs-metaphor		0	until the day of the land’s captivity	This refers to a time later on when the people of Dan would be captured by their enemies. Here the land being conquered is spoken of as if it were a prisoner taken captive by an enemy. Alternate translation: “until the day that their enemies conquered their land” or “until the day that their enemies took them captive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	18	31	m78z	figs-metonymy		0	that he made	Micah did not make his gods, rather the craftsman made them for him. Alternate translation: “that had been made for him” or “that his craftsman made for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	19	intro	gj7f			0		# Judges 19 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The sin of Benjamin<br>People from a village of the tribe of Benjamin raped a visitor’s wife to death. This was very evil, especially in the ancient Near East. The people of Israel considered mistreatment of a guest one of the worst crimes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br>
JDG	19	1	akh7	writing-newevent		0	In those days	This phrase introduces the beginning of another event in the story line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
JDG	19	1	u1qs			0	remote	far from where most people live
JDG	19	2	p37k	figs-explicit		0	was unfaithful to him	This means that she was unfaithful in their relationship and that she began to sleep with other men. This can be stated explicitly if necessary. Alternate translation: “began to sleep with other men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	19	3	e9q8			0	His servant was with him, and a pair of donkeys	“He took with him his servant and two donkeys”
JDG	19	4	bhr2			0	His father-in-law, the girl’s father, persuaded	“His father-in-law, that is, the girl’s father, persuaded” or “The girl’s father persuaded”
JDG	19	4	v2kw			0	persuaded him to stay	“spoke to him so he decided to stay”
JDG	19	5	in6x			0	he prepared	the Levite prepared
JDG	19	5	kp5g	figs-synecdoche		0	Strengthen yourself with a bit of bread	Here “bread” refers to “food.” Alternate translation: “Eat some food so you will be strong enough to travel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	19	6	j88k			0	Please be willing to spend the night	“Please stay another night”
JDG	19	8	a9ur	figs-metonymy		0	Strengthen yourself, and wait until the afternoon	The father-in-law is suggesting that he strengthen himself by eating. He is also asking him to wait until the afternoon to leave. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Eat some food so you will be strong enough to travel, and wait until afternoon to leave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	19	9	lvj4			0	now the day is advancing toward evening	“the day is almost over” or “it is almost evening”
JDG	19	10	amf9			0	that is Jerusalem	“which was later called Jerusalem”
JDG	19	11	l8er	figs-idiom		0	Come, let us	This is an idiom used to make a suggestion. Alternate translation: “I suggest that we” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	19	11	k4l3	figs-idiom		0	turn aside to	This means to take a break from their journey and stop somewhere along the route. Alternate translation: “stop at” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	19	12	yc4v	figs-idiom		0	turn aside into	This means to take a break from their journey and stop at a place along the route. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Judges 19:11](../19/11.md). Alternate translation: “stop at” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	19	13	mke2	figs-idiom		0	Come, let us	This is an idiom used to make a suggestion. Alternate translation: “I suggest that we” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	19	15	fgr6	figs-idiom		0	turned aside	This means to take a break from their journey and stop at a place along the route. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Judges 19:11](../19/11.md). Alternate translation: “stopped” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	19	15	bqt5			0	the city square	the marketplace where people gathered during the day
JDG	19	15	w9ny	figs-idiom		0	took them into his house	This phrase means for someone to invite them to spend the night in their home. Alternate translation: “invited them to stay in their house for that night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	19	16	z1l2			0	Benjamites	A Benjamite was a descendant of Benjamin. See how you translated the name of this people group in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md).
JDG	19	17	lsd3	figs-metaphor		0	He raised his eyes	Here the man looked up and paid attention to what was around him. Alternate translation: “He looked up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	19	17	h3nh			0	the city square	the marketplace where people gathered during the day. See how you translated this in [Judges 19:14](../19/14.md).
JDG	19	18	jzg4	figs-idiom		0	who will take me into his house	This phrase refers to someone inviting other people into his house to spend the night there. Alternate translation: “who has invited me to stay in his house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	19	18	c5ti	figs-synecdoche		0	will take me	Here the Levite says “me,” but he is actually referring to himself along with his servant and his concubine. Alternate translation: “will take us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	19	19	he3w	figs-activepassive		0	there is bread and wine	Change to active voice. Alternate translation: “we have plenty of bread and wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	19	19	gw93	figs-123person		0	me and your female servant here, and for this young man with your servants	The Levite speaks of himself and the others as servants and in the third person to show respect. Alternate translation: “me, my concubine, and my servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JDG	19	19	w8hb	figs-litotes		0	We lack nothing	This can be written as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “We have everything we need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JDG	19	20	ep3p			0	Only do not	“Do not.” The word “only” is used here to emphasize what he did not want the Levite to do.
JDG	19	20	jm1p			0	square	This refers to the city square. See how you translated this [Judges 19:17](../19/17.md).
JDG	19	21	z5ah	figs-idiom		0	brought the Levite into his house	This means that he invited the Levite to spend the night in his house. Also, by inviting the Levite he was inviting the man’s concubine and servant as well. Alternate translation: “invited the Levite and his servants to stay in his house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	19	22	dx6j	figs-idiom		0	they were making their hearts glad	The phrase “making their hearts glad” is an idiom that means to have a good time with someone else. Alternate translation: “they were have a good time together” or “they were enjoying themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	19	22	q1dh			0	some men of…surrounded the house	Some men stood on all sides of the house.
JDG	19	24	k4nm			0	See	This word is used to get the peoples’ attention. Alternate translation: “Listen”
JDG	19	25	lk3t	figs-metaphor		0	the men would not listen to him	Here the author speaks of “agreeing” as if it were “listening.” Alternate translation: “the men would not accept his offer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	19	25	ty8i			0	the man seized his concubine	there could be confusion as to the identity of the man. Alternate translation: “the Levite seized his concubine”
JDG	19	25	d28f			0	at dawn	“when the sun was coming up” or “at first light” This refers to when the sun begins to rise.
JDG	19	26	irp4	figs-idiom		0	it was light	This refers to morning when it is bright outside. Alternate translation: “the sun was fully risen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	19	28	gk5s	figs-explicit		0	But there was no answer	The woman did not answer because she was dead. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “But she did not answer because she was dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	19	29	r79a	figs-idiom		0	limb by limb	“section by section.” The author uses this graphic description of how the Levite cut up her body into specific pieces to emphasize what he did. “Limbs” refers to a person’s arms and legs. If there is not a similar phrase in your language, this description may be left out of the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	19	29	fx7u	translate-numbers		0	twelve pieces	“12 pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	19	29	xd3i	figs-explicit		0	sent the pieces everywhere throughout Israel	This means that he sent the different pieces to twelve different areas of Israel. Alternate translation: “sent each piece to a different place throughout Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	20	intro	lla1			0		# Judges 20 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Benjamin destroyed<br><br>The army of Israel destroys all the tribe of Benjamin except 600 men. After this point in time, the tribe of Benjamin becomes mostly insignificant.<br>
JDG	20	1	wg4p	figs-simile		0	as one man	This simile speaks of the group as acting as a single person. It refers to a group of who people do everything together in the same way. Alternate translation: “as if they were a single man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JDG	20	1	jp6a	figs-merism		0	from Dan to Beersheba	This refers to the land as a whole. Alternate translation: “from all the eleven tribes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
JDG	20	2	ze7s			0	God—400,000 men on foot	“God and also 400,000 regular soldiers came”
JDG	20	2	hzs8			0	ready to fight	“capable of going to war.” They were not going to fight each other.
JDG	20	3	sl7g			0	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author of the book tells background information about what the people of Benjamin knew.
JDG	20	3	x8r4			0	had gone up to Mizpah	Mizpah was located high in the mountains.
JDG	20	4	sa27			0	to spend the night	“for the night” or “to stay for a night”
JDG	20	6	gkc4	figs-hendiadys		0	wickedness and outrage	The word “outrage” describes the “wickedness.” Alternate translation: “outrageous wickedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
JDG	20	7	h9h3			0	Now	This word is used to introduce the conclusion of the speech of the Levite.
JDG	20	7	wp5t	figs-doublet		0	give your advice and counsel here	The words “advice” and “counsel” refer to the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. They can be combined. Alternate translation: “decide what we need to do about this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JDG	20	8	s9g2	figs-simile		0	as one	This simile speaks of the group as acting as a single person. They all acted together in exactly the same way. Alternate translation: “as if they were a single man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JDG	20	8	s835	figs-parallelism		0	None of us will go to his tent…none of us will return to his house	These two clauses say basically the same thing twice for emphasis. They can be combined. The words “none…go” and “none…return” emphasizes how the people will continue to stay there. They can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “We will all stay here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JDG	20	9	xy7l			0	But now	These words introduce the main portion of what the people say after the initial exclamation.
JDG	20	9	l369			0	as the lot directs	This involved tossing or rolling small marked stones to determine what God wants.
JDG	20	10	wsa9	translate-numbers		0	ten men of a hundred…one hundred of a thousand…one thousand of ten thousand	“10 men out of 100…100 out of 1,000…1,000 out of 10,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	20	10	mm9k			0	provisions	food and other things the people need
JDG	20	11	wfs1			0	assembled against the city	“came together to attack the city”
JDG	20	13	m9f5	figs-idiom		0	put them to death	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “kill them” or “execute them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	20	13	n1zx	figs-metonymy		0	the voice of their brothers	Here “voice” refers to the message that they spoke. Alternate translation: “what their brother said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	20	15	s9ku	translate-numbers		0	twenty-six thousand	“26,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	20	15	g1vk	translate-numbers		0	seven hundred	“700” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	20	16	a8xm			0	left-handed	A left-handed person is someone who is more skilled with their left hand than with their right hand.
JDG	20	16	u1tj			0	could sling a stone at a hair and not miss	This show how amazingly well they could aim and hit their target. It can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “could throw a stone at even a hair and hit it” or “could throw a stone at something as small as a hair and hit it”
JDG	20	17	apy5			0	not counting	“not including”
JDG	20	17	g8sz	translate-numbers		0	400000	“four hundred thousand men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	20	18	w2v7			0	asked for advice from God	“asked God what to do” or “asked God how to continue”
JDG	20	19	k8jq			0	moved their camp near Gibeah	There is some question about the meaning of the Hebrew text. Instead of meaning that they set up their camp near Gibeah, it could mean that the army went out and stood across from Gibeah ready to fight.
JDG	20	21	vj4c	translate-numbers		0	twenty-two thousand	“22,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	20	22	cr9j	figs-idiom		0	strengthened themselves	Here “strengthened” is an idiom that means they encouraged each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	20	22	wb6t			0	they formed the battle line	This probably means that the Israelites prepared their battle lines for the next day’s fighting. Alternate translation: “they got ready to fight the next day”
JDG	20	23	cpc2			0	they sought direction from Yahweh	The method they used is not stated. The priest may have cast lots to determine God’s will.
JDG	20	25	t59r	translate-numbers		0	eighteen thousand	“18,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	20	26	y97x			0	before Yahweh	“in Yahweh’s presence” or “to Yahweh”
JDG	20	27	usm6	writing-background		0	for the ark of the covenant of God was there in those days	This is background information that the author inserted to help the reader understand how the people asked Yahweh for an answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG	20	27	cs7a			0	was there in those days	“was at Bethel in those days”
JDG	20	28	ly8e	writing-background		0	and Phinehas…was serving before the ark in those days	This is background information that the author inserted to help the reader understand how the people asked Yahweh for an answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG	20	28	d9ma	figs-explicit		0	was serving before the ark	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “was serving as priest before the ark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	20	28	w427	figs-explicit		0	Attack	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Attack the army of Benjamin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	20	29	f7uq	figs-metonymy		0	Israel set men	Here “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	20	29	k5i5			0	secret places	“in ambush”
JDG	20	31	t9eh	figs-explicit		0	fought against the people	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “fought against the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	20	31	d8me	figs-activepassive		0	they were drawn away from the city	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel drew them away from the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	20	31	z77c	figs-explicit		0	They began to kill some of the people	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “The people of Benjamin began to kill some of the men of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	20	32	e81w			0	just as at first	“just as before” or “just like the first two times”
JDG	20	33	a2ik	translate-names		0	Baal Tamar	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	20	33	swx2	translate-names		0	Maareh Gibeah	This is the name of a place. Other translations may read “fields of Gibeah” or “west of Gibeah” or “Maareh Geba.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	20	34	de7z	translate-numbers		0	ten thousand	“10,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	20	34	wk8a	figs-idiom		0	chosen men	This is an idiom that means these were particularly good soldiers. Alternate translation: “well-trained soldier” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	20	34	p4k5	figs-metaphor		0	disaster was close to them	Here immanent disaster is spoken of as if it was standing very close by them. Alternate translation: “they would soon be completely defeated” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	20	35	bt91	translate-numbers		0	25,100 men	“twenty-five thousand one hundred men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	20	36	mrd4	writing-background		0	The men of Israel had given ground to Benjamin, because they were counting on the men…outside Gibeah	From this sentence until the end of verse 41 is background information that the writer inserted to explain to the readers how the ambush defeated the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG	20	36	i3ru	figs-idiom		0	had given ground to Benjamin	This is an idiom that means they intentionally retreated. Alternate translation: “had allowed Benjamin to move forward” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	20	36	sq9e	figs-idiom		0	they were counting on the men	This is an idiom that means they trusted their men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	20	39	btm9	writing-background		0	General Information:	This verse continues to give background information that the writer inserted to explain to the readers how the ambush defeated the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG	20	39	t29b			0	would turn from the battle	“would retreat from the fight”
JDG	20	39	vbr9	figs-activepassive		0	they are defeated before us	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “we have defeated them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	20	40	w5ns	writing-background		0	General Information:	This verse continues to give background information that the writer inserted to explain to the readers how the ambush defeated the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG	20	41	ltm1			0	disaster	great harm, trouble, misery
JDG	20	41	jg8p	figs-idiom		0	come on them	This idiom means it happened to them. Alternate translation: “happened to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	20	42	pdp2	figs-personification		0	But the fighting overtook them	This speaks about fighting as if it were a person who could overtake someone. Alternate translation: “But the soldiers of Israel caught up to them” or “But they were not able to escape the fighting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JDG	20	43	xh56	translate-names		0	Nohah	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	20	43	cis4	figs-metaphor		0	trampled them down	The completed destruction of the Benjamites is spoken of as if the Israelites stomped on their bodies. Alternate translation: “they completely destroyed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	20	44	jd79	translate-numbers		0	eighteen thousand	“18,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	20	44	c8tw			0	were distinguished in battle	“had fought bravely in the battle”
JDG	20	45	akn8			0	They turned and fled	“The remaining Benjamites turned and fled”
JDG	20	45	e3cs	translate-numbers		0	five thousand…two thousand	“5,000…2,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	20	45	y3ry	translate-names		0	Gidom	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	20	46	d674	translate-numbers		0	twenty-five thousand	“25,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	20	47	h1ci	translate-numbers		0	six hundred	“600” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	20	48	h7m3			0	turned back against the people of Benjamin	These people of Benjamin are not the soldiers who fled to the rock of Rimmon, but the ones who were still in the city.
JDG	20	48	l4rw	figs-metonymy		0	the city	Here “the city” refers to the people in that city. Alternate translation: “everyone who was in the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JDG	20	48	ue39	figs-idiom		0	in their path	This idiom refers to everything that they found as they went toward the city. Alternate translation: “they came to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JDG	21	intro	bf76			0		# Judges 21 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter concludes the account of the previous chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sin and immorality<br><br>At the end of Judges, there is much sin and immorality. The people are doing wrong and fixing their wrongs by doing more evil things. This period of Judges is typified by this final account and summarized by the statement, “everyone did what was right in his own eyes.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br>
JDG	21	1	w65e	writing-background		0	Now the men of Israel had made a promise…marry a Benjamite.”	This background information tells the reader about the promise that the Israelites made before the battle with the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG	21	1	rw2t			0	Benjamite	This is the name of the descendants of Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md).
JDG	21	3	q8cb	figs-rquestion		0	Why, Yahweh, God of Israel, has this happened to Israel, that one of our tribes should be missing today?	The people of Israel used this rhetorical question to express their deep sadness. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Oh Yahweh, we are so sad that one of the tribes of Israel has been completely destroyed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JDG	21	5	xs35			0	The people of Israel said, “Which of all the tribes of Israel did not come up in the assembly to Yahweh?”	The people are referring back to the assembly of the Israelites at Mizpah before they attacked the Benjamites.
JDG	21	5	p72f	writing-background		0	For they had made an important promise concerning anyone who did not come up to Yahweh at Mizpah. They said, “He would certainly be put to death.”	This is background information to explain to the reader the promise that the Israelites had made at Mizpah before they attacked the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG	21	5	flc8	figs-activepassive		0	He would certainly be put to death	Here “He” refers to anyone who did not go to Mizpah. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “We will certainly kill that person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	21	6	yb7g	figs-metaphor		0	their brother Benjamin	This speaks of the tribe of Benjamin as if it were Israel’s brother to show their closeness to the tribe. Alternate translation: “the surviving Benjamites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JDG	21	6	j93p	figs-metaphor		0	one tribe has been cut off from Israel	The destruction of the tribe of Benjamin is spoken of as if it had been cut off from Israel by a knife. This was an exaggeration because 600 men were still left. However, the women of Benjamin had been killed, so the future of the tribe was in question. Alternate translation: “one tribe has been removed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JDG	21	7	dms9			0	Who will provide wives for those who are left, since we have made a promise to Yahweh that we will not let any of them marry our daughters?	The Israelites wanted to provide wives for the few surviving Benjamites, but their promise at Mizpah prevented them from doing that.
JDG	21	8	vtf2	translate-names		0	Jabesh Gilead	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	21	9	jyg7			0	people were set out in an orderly manner	“people that were assembled at Mizpah were accounted for”
JDG	21	9	qs2v	figs-explicit		0	none of the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead were there	This refers back to the earlier assembly at Mizpah. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “none of the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead had been present at Mizpah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	21	10	p52b	translate-numbers		0	twelve thousand	“12,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	21	10	qw5x			0	strike the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead with the edge of the sword, including the women and children	The next verse will add an exception to this general instruction.
JDG	21	10	ajh8			0	strike…with the edge of the sword	“kill…with their swords”
JDG	21	12	n2u2			0	Jabesh Gilead	This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Judges 21:8](../21/08.md).
JDG	21	12	ani7	translate-numbers		0	four hundred young women	“400 young women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JDG	21	12	w47b	figs-euphemism		0	who had not known a man by lying with him	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “who had not had sexual relations with a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JDG	21	13	c39b	figs-abstractnouns		0	they were offering them peace	The abstract noun “peace” can be translated with a verb phrase. Alternate translation: “they wanted to stop fighting with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JDG	21	14	h1ad			0	Jabesh Gilead	This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Judges 21:8](../21/08.md).
JDG	21	14	iu7g			0	there were not enough women for all of them	There were six hundred Benjamite men, and only four hundred women from Jabesh Gilead.
JDG	21	15	v114			0	made a division between the tribes of Israel	“had caused the tribes of Israel not to be unified”
JDG	21	16	sc2b			0	Benjamites	This refers to the descendants of Benjamin. See how you translated this in [Judges 3:15](../03/15.md).
JDG	21	16	rgy2	figs-activepassive		0	the women of Benjamin have been killed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “we killed all the Benjamite women” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JDG	21	17	mk7l	figs-hyperbole		0	There must be an inheritance…is not destroyed from Israel	The Israelites are exaggerating. They had already given wives to four hundred of the Benjamites, so the tribe would not be completely destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JDG	21	18	qnk3	figs-synecdoche		0	a wife to Benjamin	Here Benjamin refers to the male descendants of Benjamin. Alternate translation: “a wife to the men of Benjamin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JDG	21	19	u453	writing-background		0	which is north of Bethel, east of the road that goes up from Bethel to Shechem, and south of Lebonah	This is background information to explain to the reader where the city of Shiloh is located. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JDG	21	19	m2hz	translate-names		0	Lebonah	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JDG	21	21	am3f	figs-explicit		0	each one of you should grab a wife…go back to the land of Benjamin	It is understood that the Benjamites would take these women back to their own land with them. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “each one of you should seize one of the girls of Shiloh, and then take her back with you to the land of Benjamin to become your wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	21	22	z5gg	figs-abstractnouns		0	Show us favor	The abstract noun “favor” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “Act kindly toward us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JDG	21	22	zsi5	figs-explicit		0	because we did not get wives for each man during the war	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “because we did not get wives for each of them during the war with Jabesh Gilead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JDG	21	22	pcc6			0	You are innocent…not give your daughters to them	This refers to the men of Shiloh. They did not voluntarily give their daughters to the Benjamites, and therefore did not break their promise not to do that.
JDG	21	23	ng9r			0	the number of wives that they needed	This refers to one wife for each of the two hundred Benjamite men who did not receive wives from Jabesh Gilead ([Judges 21:14](../21/14.md)).
JDG	21	25	b8xe			0	there was no king in Israel	“Israel did not yet have a king”
JDG	21	25	d46g	figs-metaphor		0	what was right in his own eyes	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “what he judged to be right” or “what he considered to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
