## James, … ##

James is the half-brother of Jesus. This could be translated as “I, James,…”.

## a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ ##

The phrase “I am” is implied. It can be translated as “I am a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

## to the twelve tribes of the Dispersion ##

James was writing to all the Jewish believers who fled to Roman cities outside of Judea, away from the persecution that arose after the stoning of Stephen.

## the twelve tribes ##

Seek to be consistent in writing numbers. It can be displayed as "the 12 tribes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])

## greetings ##

A basic greeting such as "Hello" or "Good Day".

## Consider it all joy, my brothers, when you experience various troubles ##

"My fellow believers, think of all your different kinds of troubles as something to celebrate"

## knowing that the testing of your faith works endurance ##

"because you know that God uses these troubles to make your faith stronger"