## Moreover, I say, "Did Israel not know?" ##

Paul uses a question for emphasis. The word "Israel" refers to the people who lived in the nation of Israel. Alternate translation: "Again I tell you the people of Israel did know the message." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

## First Moses says, "I will provoke you...I will stir you up... ##

This means that Moses wrote down what God said. "I" refers to God, and "you" refers to the Israelites. Alternate translation: "First Moses says that God will provoke you...God will stir you up...." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])

## by what is not a nation ##

"by those you do not consider to be a real nation" (see UDB) or "by people who do not belong to any nation"

## By means of a nation without understanding ##

"By a nation with people that do not know me or my commands"

## I will stir you up to anger ##

"I will make you angry."