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EXO 21 review (#1914)
Co-authored-by: deferredreward <deferredreward@noreply.door43.org> Co-authored-by: Benjamin Wright <benjamin.wright@unfoldingword.org> Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/1914 Co-authored-by: Benjamin Wright <deferredreward@noreply.door43.org> Co-committed-by: Benjamin Wright <deferredreward@noreply.door43.org>
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@ -1498,69 +1498,79 @@ EXO 20 24 zmc4 figs-activepassive אַזְכִּ֣יר אֶת־שְׁמִ֔י
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EXO 20 26 qm1b figs-explicit וְלֹֽא־תַעֲלֶ֥ה בְמַעֲלֹ֖ת עַֽל־מִזְבְּחִ֑י 1 You must not go up to my altar on steps If you need to connect this statement more explicitly to the previous statements regarding building the alter you could add a phrase about building steps. Alternate translation: “Do not build steps up to the altar and go up to it on those steps” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 20 26 e28y figs-activepassive אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹֽא־תִגָּלֶ֥ה עֶרְוָתְךָ֖ עָלָֽיו 1 You must not go up to my altar on steps This could be stated in an active manner. Alternate translation: “so that you do not expose your nakedness over it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 20 26 h2qd עֶרְוָתְךָ֖ 1 your nakedness “your private parts”
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EXO 21 intro dnd3 0 # Exodus 21 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Covenant with Moses<br>Although the covenant Yahweh made with Moses began in the previous chapter, it formally begins with the statement, “Now these are the decrees that you must set before them.” The law of Moses was a major part of this covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>### Slavery<br>This passage does not condone slavery as an acceptable practice. However, it does impose some restrictions on the practice.<br><br>### Justice in society<br>The rules and law of this chapter are not intended to be followed by every society. Israel was God’s chosen nation and was required to live in a special way. These laws concerned creating a just society and a holy nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
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EXO 21 1 b3g4 1 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
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EXO 21 1 hhf7 1 you must set before them “you must give them” or “you must tell them”
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EXO 21 intro dnd3 0 # Exodus 21 General Notes<br><br>This chapter begins to give the Israelite civil case law, that is, the explanation of how to apply the principles condensed in the ten commandments.<br><br>## Structure:<br>- 1: Introduction<br>- 2-6: Laws regarding male slaves<br>- 7-11: Laws regarding female slaves<br>- 12-17: Capital crimes<br>- 18-36: Liability laws<br> - 18-27: Regarding human violence<br> - 28-36: Regarding damage done by or to animals<br><br>## Translation issues in this chapter<br><br>### Hypothetical situations<br>Throughout the case law a hypothetical situation is introduced with “when” or “if,” then there is a description of the situation, then there is the penalty or action to be taken in those situations. A hypothetical person may be introduced with “anyone” or “whoever.” Most verses for the next several chapters will have these hypothetical situations. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]] Translators familiar with Hebrew may want to notice that, generally, major divisions are introduced by כִּי (ki) and minor divisions within a topic are introduced by אִם (’im).<br><br>### Daughters sold as servants<br>The section from [verses 7-11](../21/07.md) may be some what confusing because a daughter that is sold as a servant is seamlessly connected to her becoming someone’s wife.<br><br>### Ransom payment<br>In [verse 30](../21/30.md) a man whose bull killed someone may evade the death penalty by paying a ransom price, but the conditions for that happening are not clear.
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EXO 21 1 xxf4 1 you must set before them Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. There is no quote break between chapters.
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EXO 21 1 hhf7 תָּשִׂ֖ים 1 you must set before them “you must give” or “you must tell”
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EXO 21 1 ddql figs-metonymy לִפְנֵיהֶֽם 1 you must set before them Here, **faces** figuratively represents the presence of the nation. Alternate translation: “before them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 21 2 di5z 1 General Information: Yahweh tells Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
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EXO 21 3 ln3r figs-explicit 1 If he came by himself, he must go free by himself What “by himself” means can be stated clearly. Some languages require that the additional condition, that he marries while a slave, be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “If he became a slave while he had no wife, and if he marries while he is a slave, the master need only free the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 21 3 pfn3 1 by himself “alone” or “without a wife”
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EXO 21 3 e467 1 if he is married “if he was married when he became a slave” or “if he came as a married man”
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EXO 21 5 yj8x 1 plainly says “clearly says”
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EXO 21 5 jqh4 1 I will not go out free “I do not want my master to set me free”
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EXO 21 6 z8x1 1 bore his ear through “put a hole in his ear”
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EXO 21 6 xpd3 1 awl a pointed tool used to make a hole
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EXO 21 6 k6ev 1 for life “until the end of his life” or “until he dies”
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EXO 21 8 p8se 1 has designated “has chosen”
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EXO 21 8 t2zf figs-activepassive 1 he must let her be bought back This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he must allow her father to buy her back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 21 8 bi4y 1 has no right to sell “has no authority to sell”
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EXO 21 8 h7f7 1 he has treated her deceitfully “he has deceived her”
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EXO 21 9 w99z 1 designates her as a wife for his son “decides that she is the one who will be his son’s wife”
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EXO 21 10 rxk4 figs-doublenegatives 1 he must not diminish her food, clothing, or her marital rights This can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “he must give the first wife the same food, clothing, and marital rights she had before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
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EXO 21 10 q2gt 1 must not diminish her food “must not take away her food” or “must not give her less food”
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EXO 21 10 np9b figs-euphemism 1 or her marital rights This includes things that a husband must do for his wife, including sleeping with her. Alternate translation: “and he must continue to sleep with her as before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
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EXO 21 12 gks4 1 strikes a man “hits a man” or “attacks a man”
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EXO 21 12 su6b figs-activepassive 1 that person must surely be put to death This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must certainly execute that person” or “you must certainly kill that person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 21 13 h4ka 1 did not do it with premeditation “did not plan to do it” or “did not do it on purpose”
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EXO 21 13 gme9 figs-explicit 1 I will fix a place to where he can flee The purpose of choosing a place can be stately clearly here. Alternate translation: “I will choose a place that he can run away to be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 21 14 st5h 1 according to a cunning plan “after thinking carefully about it”
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EXO 21 14 abx6 1 must take him The word “him” refers to the one who killed his neighbor.
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EXO 21 14 bcc6 figs-activepassive 1 so that he may die This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that you can kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 21 15 y3hd figs-activepassive 1 Whoever hits his father or mother must surely be put to death This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If anyone hits his father or mother, you must surely put him to death” or “You must surely kill anyone who hits his father or mother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 21 15 qh2j 1 must surely “must certainly”
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EXO 21 16 iu81 figs-activepassive 1 that kidnapper must be put to death This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must kill that kidnapper” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 21 17 h8qf figs-activepassive 1 Whoever curses his father or his mother must surely be put to death This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must surely kill anyone who curses his father or his mother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 21 18 hk3c figs-activepassive 1 is confined to his bed This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “cannot get out of bed” or “has to stay in bed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 21 19 c7rv 1 he recovers “he gets better”
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EXO 21 19 fa8t 1 staff This is a stick that can be leaned on for support while walking.
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EXO 21 19 xg6c figs-explicit 1 the loss of his time This refers to a situation when someone cannot work to earn money. You can express this clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “the time he could not work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 21 19 ws14 1 pay for his complete recovery “pay his medical costs” or “pay for his costs for healing”
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EXO 21 20 te41 1 as a result of the blow “because of the injury” or “because his master hit him”
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EXO 21 20 h4eg figs-activepassive 1 that man must surely be punished This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must certainly punish that man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 21 21 r65u figs-explicit 1 for he will have suffered the loss of the servant You can express clearly in the translation that the servant was valuable to his master. Alternate translation: “because he has already lost his servant who was valuable to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 21 22 a6av 1 she miscarries “her baby dies in her womb” or “her baby is born too soon and dies”
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EXO 21 22 cn4h figs-activepassive 1 the guilty man must surely be fined This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must certainly fine the guilty man” or “the guilty man must pay a fine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 21 22 v5ye 1 as the judges determine “what the judges decide”
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EXO 21 23 x2ek figs-explicit 1 you must give a life for a life This means that if she is hurt, the person who hurt her must be hurt in the same way. Alternate translation: “he must give his life for her life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 21 24 c5bq figs-explicit 1 an eye for an eye This means that if she is hurt, the person who hurt her must be hurt in the same way. Alternate translation: “his eye for her eye” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 21 26 i8cg 1 If a man Here “man” refers to the owner of a slave.
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EXO 21 26 bmc1 1 in compensation “as payment.” Compensation is what someone does for another person or gives to another person to make up for what he has caused that person to lose.
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EXO 21 28 sp6w 1 an ox gores “an ox injures with its horns”
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EXO 21 28 qk3u figs-activepassive 1 the ox must surely be stoned This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must stone the ox to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 21 28 q2gv figs-activepassive 1 its flesh must not be eaten This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must not eat its flesh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 21 28 d4li figs-activepassive 1 the ox’s owner must be acquitted This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must acquit the ox’s owner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 21 29 nzn1 figs-activepassive 1 its owner also must be put to death This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must also kill its owner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 21 30 t5rs figs-explicit 1 If a payment is required for his life If the ox’s owner can pay a fine to save his own life, then he must pay whatever the judges decide. The full meaning of this can be stated clearly. This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if the owner of the bull can pay a fine to save his own life, he must pay the full amount that the judges say that he must pay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 21 31 kg25 1 has gored “has injured with its horns”
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EXO 21 32 qzv3 translate-bmoney 1 thirty shekels of silver “330 grams of silver.” A shekel weighed eleven grams. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
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EXO 21 32 wm9a figs-activepassive 1 the ox must be stoned This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must kill the ox by stoning it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 21 33 fd4p 1 opens a pit “uncovers a hole in the ground” or “takes a cover off a hole in the ground”
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EXO 21 34 b48a figs-explicit 1 repay the loss The owner must be paid for the loss of his animal. Alternate translation: “pay the owner for the dead animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 21 34 j8qz figs-explicit 1 will become his The one who paid for the loss of the animal will become the owner of the dead animal and can do what he wants with it. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “will belong to the owner of the pit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 21 35 z9ug 1 divide its price “divide the money” or “divide the money they receive”
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EXO 21 36 fkx2 figs-activepassive 1 if it was known This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if people knew” or “if the owner knew” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 21 36 v64b 1 a habit of goring in time past “had gored other animals before”
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EXO 21 36 ix8h figs-explicit 1 its owner has not kept it in This means that the owner did not keep his ox securely inside a fence. This can be clearly stated in the translation. Alternate translation: “its owner did not keep it inside a fence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 21 36 dcv2 figs-explicit 1 he must surely pay ox for ox The owner of the ox that killed must give an ox to the man who lost his ox. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “the owner of the ox that killed must surely give a living ox to the owner of the ox that died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 21 2 wj0e grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical כִּ֤י תִקְנֶה֙ עֶ֣בֶד עִבְרִ֔י 1 General Information: This is the first of many hypothetical situations, introduced by “when” or **if,** which you will encounter over the next several chapters. See the [introduction to chapter 21](../21/intro.md). You will need to translate these consistently in a manner that expresses that these situations have not happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
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EXO 21 3 ln3r figs-explicit אִם־בְּגַפּ֥וֹ יָבֹ֖א בְּגַפּ֣וֹ יֵצֵ֑א 1 If he came by himself, he must go free by himself What “by himself” means can be stated clearly. Some languages require that the additional condition, that he marries while a slave, be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “If he became a slave while he had no wife, and if he marries while he is a slave, the master need only free the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 21 3 pfn3 בְּגַפּ֥וֹ …בְּגַפּ֣וֹ 1 by himself “alone” or “without a wife”
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EXO 21 3 e467 אִם־בַּ֤עַל אִשָּׁה֙ ה֔וּא 1 if he is married “if he was married when he became a slave” or “if he came as a married man”
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EXO 21 5 yj8x אָמֹ֤ר יֹאמַר֙ 1 plainly says “makes a statement”
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EXO 21 5 jqh4 לֹ֥א אֵצֵ֖א חָפְשִֽׁי 1 I will not go out free “I do not want my master to set me free”
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EXO 21 6 z8x1 וְרָצַ֨ע … אֶת־אָזְנוֹ֙ 1 bore his ear through “will put a hole in his ear”
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EXO 21 6 xpd3 בַּמַּרְצֵ֔עַ 1 awl a pointed tool used to make a hole
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EXO 21 6 k6ev לְעֹלָֽם 1 for life “until the end of his life” or “until he dies”
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EXO 21 8 lpqh 1 has designated This verse is the first of three possible situations between a master and his female slave.
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EXO 21 8 p8se יְעָדָ֖הּ 1 has designated “has chosen”
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EXO 21 8 t2zf figs-activepassive וְהֶפְדָּ֑הּ 1 he must let her be bought back This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he must allow her father to buy her back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 21 8 h7f7 בְּבִגְדוֹ־בָֽהּ 1 he has treated her deceitfully “since he has deceived her”
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EXO 21 9 h9ni 1 he has treated her deceitfully This verse is the second of three possible situations between a master and his female slave.
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EXO 21 9 w99z לִבְנ֖וֹ יִֽיעָדֶ֑נָּה 1 designates her as a wife for his son “he decides that she is the one who will be his son’s wife”
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EXO 21 9 suz0 כְּמִשְׁפַּ֥ט הַבָּנ֖וֹת יַעֲשֶׂה־לָּֽהּ 1 designates her as a wife for his son “he must do to her according to the manner that daughters are customarily treated”
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EXO 21 10 i0xh 1 designates her as a wife for his son This verse and the next are the third of three possible situations between a master and his female slave.
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EXO 21 10 rxk4 figs-doublenegatives שְׁאֵרָ֛הּ כְּסוּתָ֥הּ וְעֹנָתָ֖הּ לֹ֥א יִגְרָֽע 1 he must not diminish her food, clothing, or her marital rights This can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “he must give the first wife the same food, clothing, and marital rights she had before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
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EXO 21 10 np9b figs-euphemism וְעֹנָתָ֖הּ 1 or her marital rights This term only occurs here in the Bible. It probably means things that a husband must do for his wife. Most commentators believe it specifically means having sexual relations with her, possibly so that she can bear children. Alternate translation: “or her right to intimacy” or “or her childbearing rights” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
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EXO 21 12 gks4 מַכֵּ֥ה אִ֛ישׁ 1 strikes a man “Whoever attacks a man”
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EXO 21 12 su6b figs-activepassive מ֥וֹת יוּמָֽת 1 that person must surely be put to death This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must certainly execute that person” or “you must certainly kill that person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 21 13 h4ka וַאֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א צָדָ֔ה 1 did not do it with premeditation “but if he did not plan to do it” or “but if he did not do it on purpose”
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EXO 21 13 gme9 figs-explicit וְשַׂמְתִּ֤י לְךָ֙ מָק֔וֹם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָנ֖וּס שָֽׁמָּה 1 I will fix a place to where he can flee The purpose of choosing a place can be stately clearly here. Alternate translation: “I will choose a place that he can run away to be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 21 14 st5h בְעָרְמָ֑ה 1 according to a cunning plan “after thinking carefully about it”
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EXO 21 14 abx6 תִּקָּחֶ֖נּוּ 1 must take him The word “him” refers to the one who killed his neighbor.
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EXO 21 14 293e לָמֽוּת 1 must take him “to execute him”
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EXO 21 15 y3hd figs-activepassive וּמַכֵּ֥ה אָבִ֛יו וְאִמּ֖וֹ מ֥וֹת יוּמָֽת 1 Whoever hits his father or mother must surely be put to death This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If anyone hits his father or mother, you must surely put him to death” or “You must surely kill anyone who hits his father or mother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 21 15 qh2j מ֥וֹת 1 must surely “must certainly”
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EXO 21 16 iu81 figs-activepassive מ֥וֹת יוּמָֽת 1 that kidnapper must be put to death This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must kill that kidnapper” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 21 17 h8qf figs-activepassive וּמְקַלֵּ֥ל אָבִ֛יו וְאִמּ֖וֹ מ֥וֹת יוּמָֽת 1 Whoever curses his father or his mother must surely be put to death This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must surely kill anyone who curses his father or his mother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 21 17 kvbc וּמְקַלֵּ֥ל 1 Whoever curses his father or his mother must surely be put to death The word translated **acts contemptuously** means the opposite of “honor” (as in the commandment to honor one’s parents). Alternate translation: “Whoever acts dishonorably towards”
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EXO 21 19 c7rv יָק֞וּם 1 he recovers “he gets better”
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EXO 21 19 54rb וְנִקָּ֣ה 1 he recovers “then … is innocent”
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EXO 21 19 xg6c figs-explicit שִׁבְתּ֛וֹ 1 the loss of his time This refers to a situation when someone cannot work to earn money. You can express this clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “for the time he could not work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 21 19 ws14 וְרַפֹּ֥א יְרַפֵּֽא 1 pay for his complete recovery “and for his medical costs” or “and for his costs for healing”
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EXO 21 20 te41 תַּ֣חַת יָד֑וֹ 1 as a result of the blow “because of the injury” or “because his master hit him”
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EXO 21 20 h4eg figs-activepassive נָקֹ֖ם יִנָּקֵֽם 1 that man must surely be punished This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must certainly punish that man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 21 21 r65u figs-explicit כִּ֥י כַסְפּ֖וֹ הֽוּא 1 for he will have suffered the loss of the servant A common view is that the loss of the valuable property, the slave, is itself a punishment. It may be that the master loses the slave for a time and also has to pay for his healing, or it may be that the slave dies after a few days. You can express clearly in the translation that the servant was valuable to his master. Alternate translation: “because he has already lost his servant who was valuable to him” or “because he has already lost his servant’s work for a time and had to pay for his healing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 21 22 a6av וְיָצְא֣וּ יְלָדֶ֔יהָ וְלֹ֥א יִהְיֶ֖ה אָס֑וֹן 1 she miscarries It is not clear in the passage what happens to the child. The text is simply as in the ULT. Some have taken it to mean that the child dies because of premature birth and the **serious injury** only relates to the woman. In this case, a fine is imposed for the loss of the child. However, the text could also mean that the child is born at least mostly safely. A fine is still imposed because of the great danger to the two lives. Then the next few verses give consequences for any injury either to mother or child.
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EXO 21 22 w4p3 אָס֑וֹן 1 she miscarries “hurt”
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EXO 21 22 cn4h figs-activepassive עָנ֣וֹשׁ יֵעָנֵ֗שׁ 1 the guilty man must surely be fined This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must certainly fine the guilty man” or “the guilty man must pay a fine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 21 22 v5ye בִּפְלִלִֽים 1 as the judges determine “what the judges decide”
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EXO 21 23 2utf figs-explicit וְנָתַתָּ֥ה נֶ֖פֶשׁ תַּ֥חַת נָֽפֶשׁ 1 as the judges determine This means that if someone is hurt, the person who caused the hurt must be hurt in the same way. Alternate translation: “you must take the killer’s life for the murdered person’s life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 21 24 c5bq figs-explicit עַ֚יִן תַּ֣חַת עַ֔יִן 1 an eye for an eye This means that if someone is hurt, the person who caused the hurt must be hurt in the same way. Alternate translation: “the striker’s eye for the injured person’s eye” (and etc throughout this and the next verse) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 21 26 i8cg אִ֜ישׁ 1 If a man Here, **man** refers to the owner of a slave.
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EXO 21 26 bmc1 תַּ֥חַת 1 in compensation “as payment for”
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EXO 21 28 sp6w יִגַּ֨ח שׁ֥וֹר 1 an ox gores “an ox injures with its horns”
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EXO 21 28 qk3u figs-activepassive סָק֨וֹל יִסָּקֵ֜ל הַשּׁ֗וֹר 1 the ox must surely be stoned This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must surely stone the ox to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 21 28 q2gv figs-activepassive וְלֹ֤א יֵאָכֵל֙ אֶת־בְּשָׂר֔וֹ 1 its flesh must not be eaten This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and you must not eat its flesh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 21 29 3h5d figs-activepassive וְהוּעַ֤ד בִּבְעָלָיו֙ 1 its owner also must be put to death This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and someone warned its owner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 21 29 x2y0 figs-explicit וְהוּעַ֤ד בִּבְעָלָיו֙ 1 its owner also must be put to death The content of the warning could be made explicit. Alternate translation: “and its owner was warned that it gores” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 21 29 nzn1 figs-activepassive וְגַם־בְּעָלָ֖יו יוּמָֽת 1 its owner also must be put to death This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must also kill its owner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 21 30 t5rs figs-explicit אִם־כֹּ֖פֶר יוּשַׁ֣ת עָלָ֑יו וְנָתַן֙ פִּדְיֹ֣ן נַפְשׁ֔וֹ כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־יוּשַׁ֖ת עָלָֽיו 1 If a payment is required for his life The text does not specify who will impose a ransom on the ox’s owner. Since other texts indicate that justice is retributive and performed by the dead person’s family, that is one option. Another is that the judges will impose it. One of these can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: see UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 21 30 5a0v figs-activepassive אִם־כֹּ֖פֶר יוּשַׁ֣ת עָלָ֑יו…יוּשַׁ֖ת עָלָֽיו 1 If a payment is required for his life These statements can be made active rather than passive. However, you must make a decision regarding who is imposing the ransom, or use an unspecified pronoun if that is possible in your language (this second option would not make sense in English). Alternate translation: “If the judges impose a ransom on him … they impose on him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 21 31 kg25 יִגָּ֖ח …יִגָּ֑ח 1 has gored “it injures with its horns … it injures with its horns”
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EXO 21 31 to8k writing-pronouns לּֽוֹ 1 has gored Here, **him** probably refers to the ox’s owner. Alternate translation: “to the owner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
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EXO 21 32 qzv3 translate-bmoney 1 thirty shekels of silver A shekel weighed eleven grams. Alternate translation: “330 grams of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
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EXO 21 32 qy0g figs-explicit אִם־עֶ֛בֶד יִגַּ֥ח הַשּׁ֖וֹר 1 thirty shekels of silver Because they are to kill the ox, the slave must have died. You can make this explicit. Alternate translation: “If an ox kills a male servant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 21 32 wm9a figs-activepassive וְהַשּׁ֖וֹר יִסָּקֵֽל 1 the ox must be stoned This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must kill the ox by stoning it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 21 33 fd4p יִפְתַּ֨ח…בּ֗וֹר 1 opens a pit “uncovers a hole in the ground” or “takes a cover off a hole in the ground”
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EXO 21 34 b48a figs-explicit כֶּ֖סֶף יָשִׁ֣יב לִבְעָלָ֑יו 1 repay the loss The owner must be paid for the loss of his animal. Alternate translation: “he must pay the owner for the dead animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 21 34 ip1n יְשַׁלֵּ֔ם 1 repay the loss “must make restitution”
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EXO 21 34 j8qz figs-explicit וְהַמֵּ֖ת יִֽהְיֶה־לּֽוֹ 1 will become his The one who paid for the loss of the animal will become the owner of the dead animal and can do what he wants with it. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “will belong to the owner of the pit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 21 35 z9ug וְחָצ֣וּ אֶת־כַּסְפּ֔וֹ 1 divide its price “and divide the money” or “and divide the money they receive”
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EXO 21 36 fkx2 figs-activepassive א֣וֹ נוֹדַ֗ע 1 if it was known This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: see UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 21 36 v64b נַגָּ֥ח הוּא֙ מִתְּמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשֹׁ֔ם 1 a habit of goring in time past “had gored other animals before”
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EXO 21 36 ix8h figs-explicit לֹ֥א יִשְׁמְרֶ֖נּוּ בְּעָלָ֑יו 1 its owner has not kept it in This means that the owner did not keep his ox safely where it could not wander to hit other animals. This can be clearly stated in the translation. Alternate translation: “and its owner did not keep it inside a fence” or “and its owner did not tie it securely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 21 36 dcv2 figs-explicit שַׁלֵּ֨ם יְשַׁלֵּ֥ם שׁוֹר֙ תַּ֣חַת הַשּׁ֔וֹר 1 he must surely pay ox for ox The owner of the ox that killed must give an ox to the man who lost his ox. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “the owner of the ox that killed must surely give a living ox to the owner of the ox that died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 22 intro f9vb 0 # Exodus 22 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Justice in society<br>The rules and laws of this chapter are not intended to be followed by every society. Israel was God’s chosen nation and was required to live in a special way. These laws concerned creating a just society and a holy nation. In this chapter, the purpose of these laws often focuses on minimizing the people’s desire for vengeance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])
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EXO 22 1 syx5 1 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
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EXO 22 2 mt43 figs-activepassive 1 If a thief is found This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If anyone finds a thief” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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Reference in New Issue