From a7dbdcd8bfa62a80eaecf700412276c060c2c12a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Larry Sallee Date: Tue, 22 Jun 2021 16:14:55 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Update GLQuotes and AT's in Philemon (#1869) Merge branch 'master' into lrsallee-tc-create-1 Edit 'en_tn_58-PHM.tsv' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'en_tn_58-PHM.tsv' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'en_tn_58-PHM.tsv' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'en_tn_60-JAS.tsv' using 'tc-create-app' Created 'en_tn_60-JAS.tsv' using 'tc-create-app' Co-authored-by: lrsallee Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/1869 Co-Authored-By: Larry Sallee Co-Committed-By: Larry Sallee --- en_tn_58-PHM.tsv | 75 +++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------- en_tn_60-JAS.tsv | 24 ++++++++-------- 2 files changed, 51 insertions(+), 48 deletions(-) diff --git a/en_tn_58-PHM.tsv b/en_tn_58-PHM.tsv index 518ad9f14..d4f4fc8e7 100644 --- a/en_tn_58-PHM.tsv +++ b/en_tn_58-PHM.tsv @@ -3,60 +3,63 @@ PHM front intro sz2w 0 # Introduction to Philemon
## Part 1: General Intro PHM 1 1 sg4f figs-you 0 General Information: Three times Paul identifies himself as the author of this letter. Evidently Timothy was with him and probably wrote the words down as Paul said them. Paul greets others who meet for church at Philemon’s house. All instances of “I,” “me,” and “my” refer to Paul. Philemon is the main person to whom this letter is written. All instances of “you” and “your” refer to him and are singular unless otherwise noted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) PHM 1 1 niq3 figs-exclusive Παῦλος, δέσμιος Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ, καὶ Τιμόθεος, ὁ ἀδελφὸς; Φιλήμονι 1 Paul, a prisoner of Christ Jesus, and the brother Timothy to Philemon Your language may have a particular way of introducing the authors of a letter. Alternate translation: “I, Paul, a prisoner of Christ Jesus, and Timothy, our brother, are writing this letter to Philemon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) PHM 1 1 cgs4 δέσμιος Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ 1 a prisoner of Christ Jesus “a prisoner for the sake of Christ Jesus.” People who opposed Paul’s preaching had punished him by putting him into prison. -PHM 1 1 sv3p ὁ ἀδελφὸς 1 brother Here this means a fellow Christian. -PHM 1 1 r3l9 figs-exclusive τῷ ἀγαπητῷ…ἡμῶν 1 our dear friend The word “our” here refers to Paul and those with him but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -PHM 1 1 ww3l καὶ…συνεργῷ 1 and fellow worker “who, like us, works to spread the gospel” -PHM 1 2 e8su figs-exclusive τῇ ἀδελφῇ…τῷ συνστρατιώτῃ ἡμῶν 1 our sister…our fellow soldier The word “our” here refers to Paul and those with him but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -PHM 1 2 zh5c translate-names Ἀπφίᾳ, τῇ ἀδελφῇ 1 Apphia our sister Here “sister” means she was a believer, and not a relative. Alternate translation: “Apphia our fellow believer” or “Apphia our spiritual sister” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +PHM 1 1 sv3p ὁ ἀδελφὸς 1 our brother Here **brother** means a fellow Christian. +PHM 1 1 r3l9 figs-exclusive ἡμῶν 1 our The word **our** here refers to Paul and those with him but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +PHM 1 1 ww3l καὶ συνεργῷ ἡμῶν 1 and our fellow worker “who, like us, works to spread the gospel” +PHM 1 2 e8su figs-exclusive ἡμῶν 1 our The word **our** here refers to Paul and those with him but not to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +PHM 1 2 zh5c translate-names Ἀπφίᾳ, τῇ ἀδελφῇ 1 to Apphia our sister Here **sister** means she was a believer, and not a relative. Alternate translation: “to Apphia our fellow believer” or “to Apphia our spiritual sister” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) PHM 1 2 sq44 translate-names Ἀρχίππῳ 1 Archippus This is the name of a man in the church with Philemon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) PHM 1 2 mnn5 figs-metaphor τῷ συνστρατιώτῃ ἡμῶν 1 our fellow soldier Paul speaks here of Archippus as if they were both soldiers in an army. He means that Archippus works hard, as Paul himself works hard, to spread the gospel. Alternate translation: “our fellow spiritual warrior” or “who also fights the spiritual battle with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PHM 1 3 r4nq χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη, ἀπὸ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς ἡμῶν καὶ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 May grace be to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ “May God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ give you grace and peace.” This is a blessing. -PHM 1 3 e5z8 figs-exclusive Θεοῦ Πατρὸς ἡμῶν 1 God our Father The word “our” here refers to Paul, those with him, and the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -PHM 1 3 lh8a guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Πατρὸς ἡμῶν 1 our Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) +PHM 1 3 r4nq χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη, ἀπὸ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς ἡμῶν καὶ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 Grace to you and peace from God our Father and our Lord Jesus Christ “May God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ give you grace and peace.” This is a blessing. +PHM 1 3 e5z8 figs-exclusive ἡμῶν 1 our The word **our** here refers to Paul, those with him, and the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +PHM 1 3 lh8a guidelines-sonofgodprinciples Πατρὸς 1 Father This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) PHM 1 4 kh5l figs-exclusive 0 General Information: The word “us” is plural and refers to Paul, those with him, and all Christians, including the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) PHM 1 6 t54l ἡ κοινωνία τῆς πίστεώς σου 1 the fellowship of your faith “your working together with us” -PHM 1 6 pxw1 ἐνεργὴς γένηται ἐν ἐπιγνώσει παντὸς ἀγαθοῦ 1 be effective for the knowledge of everything good “result in knowing what is good” +PHM 1 6 pxw1 ἐνεργὴς γένηται ἐν ἐπιγνώσει παντὸς ἀγαθοῦ 1 may be effective for the knowledge of everything good “may result in knowing what is good” PHM 1 6 n25e εἰς Χριστόν 1 in Christ “because of Christ” -PHM 1 7 aq4g figs-metonymy τὰ σπλάγχνα τῶν ἁγίων ἀναπέπαυται διὰ σοῦ 1 the hearts of the saints have been refreshed by you Here “hearts” is a metonym for a person’s emotions or inner being. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you have encouraged believers” or “you have helped the believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -PHM 1 7 m5ip σοῦ, ἀδελφέ 1 you, brother “you, dear brother” or “you, dear friend.” Paul called Philemon “brother” because they were both believers and he emphasizing their friendship. +PHM 1 7 aq4g figs-metonymy τὰ σπλάγχνα τῶν ἁγίων ἀναπέπαυται διὰ σοῦ 1 the inward parts of the saints are being refreshed by you Here **inward parts** is a metonym for a person’s emotions or inner being. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you have encouraged believers” or “you have helped the believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +PHM 1 7 m5ip σοῦ, ἀδελφέ 1 you, brother “you, dear brother” or “you, dear friend.” Paul called Philemon **brother** because they were both believers and he emphasizing their friendship. PHM 1 8 ayy1 0 Connecting Statement: Paul begins his plea and the reason for his letter. -PHM 1 8 fd84 πολλὴν ἐν Χριστῷ παρρησίαν 1 all the boldness in Christ Possible meanings are (1) “authority because of Christ” or (2) “courage because of Christ.” Alternate translation: “courage because Christ has given me authority” -PHM 1 9 l9fh διὰ τὴν ἀγάπην 1 yet because of love Possible meanings: (1) “because I know that you love God’s people” (2) “because you love me” or (3) “because I love you” +PHM 1 8 fd84 πολλὴν ἐν Χριστῷ παρρησίαν 1 all boldness in Christ Possible meanings are (1) “all authority because of Christ” or (2) “all courage because of Christ.” Alternate translation: “all courage because Christ has given me authority” +PHM 1 9 l9fh διὰ τὴν ἀγάπην 1 because of love Possible meanings: (1) “because I know that you love God’s people” (2) “because you love me” or (3) “because I love you” PHM 1 10 lsr6 0 General Information: Onesimus is the name of a man. He was apparently Philemon’s slave and had stolen something and ran away. -PHM 1 10 m6fw figs-metaphor τοῦ ἐμοῦ τέκνου…Ὀνήσιμον 1 my child Onesimus “my son Onesimus.” Paul speaks of the way he is friends with Onesimus as if it were the way a father and his son love each other. Onesimus was not Paul’s actual son, but he received spiritual life when Paul taught him about Jesus, and Paul loved him. Alternate translation: “my spiritual son Onesimus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PHM 1 10 dj9h translate-names Ὀνήσιμον 1 Onesimus The name “Onesimus” means “profitable” or “useful.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -PHM 1 10 mui3 figs-metaphor ὃν ἐγέννησα ἐν τοῖς δεσμοῖς 1 whom I have fathered in my chains Here “fathered” is a metaphor that means Paul converted Onesimus to Christ. Alternate translation: “who became my spiritual son when I taught him about Christ and he received new life while I was in my chains” or “who became like a son to me while I was in my chains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PHM 1 10 nx1p figs-metonymy ἐν τοῖς δεσμοῖς 1 in my chains Prisoners were often bound in chains. Paul was in prison when he taught Onesimus and was still in prison when he wrote this letter. Alternate translation: “while I was in prison…while I am in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -PHM 1 12 t1kp ὃν ἀνέπεμψά σοι 1 I have sent him back to you Paul was probably sending Onesimus with another believer who carried this letter. -PHM 1 12 h9qv figs-metonymy τοῦτ’ ἔστιν τὰ ἐμὰ σπλάγχνα 1 who is my very heart Here “heart” is a metonym for a person’s emotions. The phrase “who is my very heart” is a metaphor for loving someone. Paul was saying this about Onesimus. Alternate translation: “whom I love dearly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -PHM 1 13 t4xl ἵνα ὑπὲρ σοῦ μοι διακονῇ 1 so he could serve me for you “so that, since you cannot be here, he might help me” or “so that he could help me in your place” -PHM 1 13 bb3t figs-metonymy ἐν τοῖς δεσμοῖς 1 while I am in chains Prisoners were often bound in chains. Paul was in prison when he taught Onesimus and was still in prison when he wrote this letter. Alternate translation: “while I am in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -PHM 1 13 iwa8 figs-explicit τοῦ εὐαγγελίου 1 for the sake of the gospel Paul was in prison because he preached the gospel publicly. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “because I preach the gospel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +PHM 1 10 m6fw figs-metaphor τοῦ ἐμοῦ τέκνου…Ὀνήσιμον 1 my child Onesimus Paul speaks of the way he is friends with **Onesimus** as if it were the way a father and his son love each other. Onesimus was not Paul’s actual son, but he received spiritual life when Paul taught him about Jesus, and Paul loved him. Alternate translation: “my spiritual son Onesimus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PHM 1 10 dj9h translate-names Ὀνήσιμον 1 Onesimus The name **Onesimus** means “profitable” or “useful.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +PHM 1 10 mui3 figs-metaphor ὃν ἐγέννησα ἐν τοῖς δεσμοῖς 1 whom I have fathered in my chains Here **fathered** is a metaphor that means Paul converted Onesimus to Christ. Alternate translation: “who became my spiritual son when I taught him about Christ and he received new life while I was in my chains” or “who became like a son to me while I was in my chains” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PHM 1 10 nx1p figs-metonymy ἐν τοῖς δεσμοῖς 1 in my chains Prisoners were often bound in **chains**. Paul was in prison when he taught Onesimus and was still in prison when he wrote this letter. Alternate translation: “while I was in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +PHM 1 12 t1kp ὃν ἀνέπεμψά σοι 1 I sent him back to you Paul was probably sending Onesimus with another believer who carried this letter. +PHM 1 12 h9qv figs-metonymy τοῦτ’ ἔστιν τὰ ἐμὰ σπλάγχνα 1 he who is my inward parts Here ** inward parts** is a metonym for a person’s emotions. The phrase “who is my inward parts” is a metaphor for deep feelings about someone. Paul was saying this about Onesimus. Alternate translation: “whom I love dearly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +PHM 1 13 t4xl ἵνα ὑπὲρ σοῦ μοι διακονῇ 1 so that he might serve me on behalf of you “so that, since you cannot be here, he might help me” or “so that he could help me in your place” +PHM 1 13 bb3t figs-metonymy ἐν τοῖς δεσμοῖς 1 in the chains Prisoners were often bound in **chains**. Paul was in prison when he taught Onesimus and was still in prison when he wrote this letter. Alternate translation: “while I am in prison because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +PHM 1 13 iwa8 figs-explicit τοῦ εὐαγγελίου 1 for the sake of the gospel Paul was in prison because he preached **the gospel** publicly. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “because I preach the gospel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) PHM 1 14 g9wp figs-doublenegatives χωρὶς δὲ τῆς σῆς γνώμης, οὐδὲν ἠθέλησα ποιῆσαι 1 But I did not want to do anything without your consent Paul states a double negative to mean the opposite. Alternate translation: “But I wanted to keep him with me only if you approved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) -PHM 1 14 jxi7 ἵνα μὴ ὡς κατὰ ἀνάγκην τὸ ἀγαθόν σου ᾖ, ἀλλὰ κατὰ ἑκούσιον 1 I did not want your good deed to be from necessity but from good will “I did not want you to do this good deed because I commanded you to do it, but because you wanted to do it” -PHM 1 14 ngg8 ἀλλὰ κατὰ ἑκούσιον 1 but from good will “but because you freely chose to do the right thing” -PHM 1 15 q1dr figs-activepassive τάχα γὰρ διὰ τοῦτο, ἐχωρίσθη πρὸς ὥραν, ἵνα 1 Perhaps for this he was separated from you for a time, so that This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Perhaps the reason God took Onesimus away from you for a time was so that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -PHM 1 15 fp5v πρὸς ὥραν 1 for a time “during this time” +PHM 1 14 jxi7 ἵνα μὴ ὡς κατὰ ἀνάγκην τὸ ἀγαθόν σου ᾖ, ἀλλὰ κατὰ ἑκούσιον 1 so that your good deed might not be as according to compulsion but according to good will “for I did not want you to do this good deed because I commanded you to do it, but because you wanted to do it” +PHM 1 14 ngg8 ἀλλὰ κατὰ ἑκούσιον 1 but according to good will “but because you freely chose to do the right thing” +PHM 1 15 q1dr figs-activepassive τάχα γὰρ διὰ τοῦτο, ἐχωρίσθη πρὸς ὥραν, ἵνα 1 For perhaps for this reason he was separated from you for an hour, so that This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For perhaps the reason God took Onesimus away from you for a time was so that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +PHM 1 15 fp5v πρὸς ὥραν 1 for an hour “for this short time” PHM 1 16 l3e4 ὑπὲρ δοῦλον 1 better than a slave “more valuable than a slave” PHM 1 16 f8tz ἀδελφὸν ἀγαπητόν 1 a beloved brother “a dear brother” or “a precious brother in Christ” -PHM 1 16 f38v πόσῳ δὲ μᾶλλον σοὶ 1 much more so to you “he means even more to you” +PHM 1 16 f38v πόσῳ δὲ μᾶλλον σοὶ 1 but much more so to you “but he means even more to you” PHM 1 16 yub9 figs-metaphor καὶ ἐν σαρκὶ 1 in both the flesh “both as a man.” Paul is referring to Onesimus’ being a trustworthy servant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) PHM 1 16 scj1 ἐν Κυρίῳ 1 in the Lord “as a brother in the Lord” or “because he belongs to the Lord” PHM 1 17 e1j2 εἰ…με ἔχεις κοινωνόν 1 if you have me as a partner “if you think of me as a fellow worker for Christ” PHM 1 18 u5m1 τοῦτο ἐμοὶ ἐλλόγα 1 charge that to me “say that I am the one who owes you” -PHM 1 19 wb53 ἐγὼ Παῦλος ἔγραψα τῇ ἐμῇ χειρί 1 I, Paul, write this with my own hand “I, Paul, write this myself.” Paul wrote this part with his own hand so that Philemon would know that the words were really from Paul. Paul really would pay him. -PHM 1 19 gn6c figs-irony ἵνα μὴ λέγω σοι 1 not to mention “I do not need to remind you” or “You already know.” Paul says he does not need to tell Philemon this, but then continues to tell him anyway. This emphasizes the truth of what Paul is telling him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -PHM 1 19 st7e figs-explicit σεαυτόν μοι προσοφείλεις 1 you owe me your own self “you owe me your own life.” Paul was implying that Philemon should not say that Onesimus or Paul owed him anything because Philemon owed Paul even more. The reason Philemon owed Paul his life can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “you owe me much because I saved your life” or “you owe me your own life because what I told you saved your life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -PHM 1 20 j8lh figs-metaphor ἀνάπαυσόν μου τὰ σπλάγχνα ἐν Χριστῷ 1 refresh my heart in Christ Here “refresh” is a metaphor for comfort or encourage. Here “heart” is a metonym for a person’s feelings, thoughts, or inner being. How Paul wanted Philemon refresh his heart can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “encourage me in Christ” or “comfort me in Christ” or “refresh my heart in Christ by accepting Onesimus kindly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +PHM 1 19 wb53 ἐγὼ Παῦλος ἔγραψα τῇ ἐμῇ χειρί 1 I, Paul, write this with my own hand “I, Paul, write this myself.” Paul wrote this part with his **own hand** so that Philemon would know that the words were really from Paul. Paul really would pay him. +PHM 1 19 gn6c figs-irony ἵνα μὴ λέγω σοι 1 in order not to say to you “I do not need to remind you” or “You already know.” Paul says he does not need to tell Philemon this, but then continues to tell him anyway. This emphasizes the truth of what Paul is telling him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +PHM 1 19 st7e figs-explicit καὶ σεαυτόν μοι προσοφείλεις 1 you also owe me your own self “you even owe me your own life.” Paul was implying that Philemon should not say that Onesimus or Paul owed him anything because Philemon owed Paul even more. The reason Philemon owed Paul his life can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “you owe me much because I saved your life” or “you owe me your own life because what I told you saved your life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +PHM 1 20 4p0b figs-explicit ἀνάπαυσόν μου τὰ σπλάγχνα ἐν Χριστῷ 1 refresh my inward parts in Christ How Paul wanted Philemon refresh him can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “refresh my inward parts in Christ by accepting Onesimus kindly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +PHM 1 20 j8lh figs-metaphor ἀνάπαυσόν μου τὰ σπλάγχνα 1 refresh my inward parts Here **refresh** is a metaphor for comfort or encourage. Alternate translation: “encourage me” or “comfort me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] ) +PHM 1 20 kmpp figs-metonymy ἀνάπαυσόν μου τὰ σπλάγχνα 1 refresh my inward parts Here “inward parts” is a metonym for a person’s feelings, thoughts, or inner being. Alternate translation: “encourage me” or “comfort me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) PHM 1 21 am1e figs-you 0 General Information: Here the words “your” and “you” are plural and refer to Philemon and the believers that met at his house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) PHM 1 21 xpn6 0 Connecting Statement: Paul closes his letter and gives a blessing on Philemon and the believers that met for church in Philemon’s house. -PHM 1 21 g6fx πεποιθὼς τῇ ὑπακοῇ σου 1 Confident about your obedience “Because I am sure that you will do what I ask” -PHM 1 22 bx62 ἅμα 1 At the same time “Also” -PHM 1 22 akw1 καὶ ἑτοίμαζέ μοι ξενίαν 1 prepare a guest room for me “make a room in your house ready for me.” Paul asked Philemon to do this for him. +PHM 1 21 g6fx πεποιθὼς τῇ ὑπακοῇ σου 1 Having confidence in your obedience “Because I am sure that you will do what I ask” +PHM 1 22 bx62 ἅμα 1 at the same time “while you are doing this” +PHM 1 22 akw1 καὶ ἑτοίμαζέ μοι ξενίαν 1 also prepare a guest room for me “also make a room in your house ready for me.” Paul asked Philemon to do this for him. PHM 1 22 ctr4 χαρισθήσομαι ὑμῖν 1 I will be given back to you “those who are keeping me in prison will set me free so that I can go to you.” PHM 1 23 x2d8 translate-names Ἐπαφρᾶς 1 Epaphras This is a fellow believer and prisoner with Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) PHM 1 23 khx1 ὁ συναιχμάλωτός μου ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 my fellow prisoner in Christ Jesus “who is in prison with me because he serves Christ Jesus” -PHM 1 24 si6p Μᾶρκος, Ἀρίσταρχος, Δημᾶς, Λουκᾶς, οἱ συνεργοί μου 1 So do Mark, Aristarchus, Demas, and Luke, my fellow workers “Mark, Aristarchus, Demas, and Luke, my fellow workers, also greet you” +PHM 1 24 si6p Μᾶρκος, Ἀρίσταρχος, Δημᾶς, Λουκᾶς, οἱ συνεργοί μου 1 as do Mark, Aristarchus, Demas, and Luke, my fellow workers “and Mark, Aristarchus, Demas, and Luke, my fellow workers, also greet you” PHM 1 24 i5gc translate-names Μᾶρκος, Ἀρίσταρχος, Δημᾶς, Λουκᾶς 1 Mark…Aristarchus…Demas…Luke These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) PHM 1 24 gf6e οἱ συνεργοί μου 1 my fellow workers “the men who work with me” or “who all work with me.” -PHM 1 25 gq7p figs-you ἡ χάρις τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, μετὰ τοῦ πνεύματος ὑμῶν 1 May the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit The word “your” here refers to Philemon and all who met in his house. The words “your spirit” are a synecdoche and represent the people themselves. Alternate translation: “May our Lord Jesus Christ be kind to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +PHM 1 25 gq7p figs-you τοῦ πνεύματος ὑμῶν 1 your spirit The word **your** here refers to Philemon and all who met in his house. Alternate translation: “your spirits” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +PHM 1 25 apvl figs-you μετὰ τοῦ πνεύματος ὑμῶν 1 be with your spirit The words **your spirit** are a synecdoche and represent the people themselves. Alternate translation: “be kind to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/en_tn_60-JAS.tsv b/en_tn_60-JAS.tsv index 1f746d7f2..cf6d6b5d9 100644 --- a/en_tn_60-JAS.tsv +++ b/en_tn_60-JAS.tsv @@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ JAS 1 22 j058 grammar-connect-logic-contrast δὲ 1 But **But** draws a contras JAS 1 22 j059 figs-ellipsis γίνεσθε δὲ ποιηταὶ λόγου, καὶ μὴ μόνον ἀκροαταὶ 1 be doers of the word and not only hearers At the end of this clause, James is leaving out some of the words that it would need in many languages in order to be complete. These words can be supplied from earlier in the clause. Alternate translation: “be doers of the word and not only hearers of the word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) JAS 1 22 x14m figs-metonymy γίνεσθε δὲ ποιηταὶ λόγου, καὶ μὴ μόνον ἀκροαταὶ 1 be doers of the word and not only hearers James is using term **word** figuratively to describe the message about Jesus that was conveyed by using words. Alternate translation: “obey the message about Jesus, do not just listen to it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JAS 1 22 wvp4 figs-idiom καὶ μὴ μόνον ἀκροαταὶ 1 and not only hearers In the Bible, the word “hear” often has the idiomatic sense of agreeing with what is heard. James may be using the word in that sense. Alternate translation: “and do not just decide that you agree with it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -JAS 1 23 ewn9 grammar-connect-logic-result ὅτι 1 For **For** introduces an explanation of what the results would be if the readers did not do what James told them in the previous verse. That is, **for** introduces the reason why they should do what he told them. Alternate translation: “And this is why:” +JAS 1 23 ewn9 grammar-connect-logic-result ὅτι 1 For **For** introduces an explanation of what the results would be if the readers did not do what James told them in the previous verse. That is, **for** introduces the reason why they should do what he told them. Alternate translation: “And this is why:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) JAS 1 23 j060 figs-hypo εἴ τις ἀκροατὴς λόγου ἐστὶν, καὶ οὐ ποιητής, οὗτος ἔοικεν ἀνδρὶ κατανοοῦντι τὸ πρόσωπον τῆς γενέσεως αὐτοῦ ἐν ἐσόπτρῳ 1 if anyone is a hearer of the word and not a doer, he is like a man beholding the face of his birth in a mirror James is using a hypothetical situation to teach. Alternate translation: “Suppose someone is a hearer of the word and not a doer. Then he is like a man beholding the face of his birth in a mirror” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) JAS 1 23 r6pp figs-ellipsis ἀκροατὴς λόγου ἐστὶν, καὶ οὐ ποιητής 1 is a hearer of the word and not a doer At the end of this clause, James is leaving out some of the words that it would need in many languages in order to be complete. These words can be supplied from earlier in the clause. Alternate translation: “a hearer of the word and not a doer of the word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) JAS 1 23 j061 figs-idiom ἀκροατὴς λόγου ἐστὶν, καὶ οὐ ποιητής 1 is a hearer of the word and not a doer See how you translated these expressions in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “just listens to the word but does not obey it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ JAS 1 26 j080 translate-unknown μὴ χαλιναγωγῶν γλῶσσαν α JAS 1 26 vxu1 figs-metonymy μὴ χαλιναγωγῶν γλῶσσαν αὐτοῦ 1 not bridling his tongue By association with the way that the **tongue** is used in speech, James is using the term **tongue** figuratively to mean what a person says. Alternate translation: “but he does not control what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JAS 1 26 sex6 figs-synecdoche ἀπατῶν καρδίαν αὐτοῦ 1 deceiving his heart James is figuratively using one part of this hypothetical person, his **heart**, to mean the person himself. Alternate translation: “deceiving himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) JAS 1 26 q83d figs-hyperbole τούτου μάταιος ἡ θρησκεία 1 the religion of that one is worthless James says **worthless** as an overstatement for emphasis. There would conceivably still be some value in the religion of a person even if he did not carefully control what he said. But James wants to emphasize how inconsistent it is to claim to love God but then to say things that hurt and disparage other people. He will develop this point further in [3:9–10](../03/09.md). Alternate translation: “his actions are not as pleasing to God as he thinks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -JAS 1 27 j081 θρησκεία καθαρὰ καὶ ἀμίαντος 1 Pure and undefiled religion James is speaking figuratively of **religion** as if it could be physically **pure** and **undefiled**. Alternate translation: “Religion that is pleasing and acceptable to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JAS 1 27 j081 figs-metaphor θρησκεία καθαρὰ καὶ ἀμίαντος 1 Pure and undefiled religion James is speaking figuratively of **religion** as if it could be physically **pure** and **undefiled**. Alternate translation: “Religion that is pleasing and acceptable to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JAS 1 27 g11k figs-doublet θρησκεία καθαρὰ καὶ ἀμίαντος 1 Pure and undefiled religion The terms **pure** and **undefiled** mean similar things. They both indicate that something is free of contamination. James is using these terms together for emphasis. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could combine them into a single phrase. Alternate translation: “Religion that is completely acceptable to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) JAS 1 27 skf4 figs-metaphor παρὰ τῷ Θεῷ 1 before God The word **before** means “in front of” or “in the presence of” another person, and in this case **before him** indicates “where God can see.” Seeing, for its part, represents attention and judgment. Alternate translation: “from God’s perspective” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JAS 1 27 j082 figs-hendiadys τῷ Θεῷ καὶ Πατρί 1 God and the Father James is not talking about two different people. He is expressing a single idea by using two nouns connected with **and**. The noun **Father** further identifies **God**. Alternate translation: “God the Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) @@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ JAS 2 1 en1c figs-abstractnouns μὴ ἐν προσωπολημψίαις ἔχ JAS 2 1 qs2x figs-possession τὴν πίστιν τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1 the faith of our Lord Jesus Christ James is using the possessive form to refer to **faith** that other people have in **Jesus**. Alternate translation: “faith in our Lord Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) JAS 2 1 x32n figs-possession τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, τῆς δόξης 1 our Lord Jesus Christ of glory James is using the possessive form to describe **Jesus** as characterized by **glory**. Alternate translation: “our glorious Lord Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) JAS 2 2 h5uh figs-hypo ἐὰν γὰρ 1 For if James is using a hypothetical situation to teach. He describes the condition in this verse and the next verse, and he describes the result in [2:4](../02/04.md). Alternate translation: “Suppose” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -JAS 2 2 j8d5 figs-explicit ἀνὴρ χρυσοδακτύλιος, ἐν ἐσθῆτι λαμπρᾷ 1 a gold-ringed man in splendid clothing James assumes that his readers will know that he is giving an example of what a wealthy person might wear. (The expression **a gold-ringed man** does not mean a man who is ringed around with gold, but a man who is wearing a gold ring.) If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a different example from your own culture, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “someone who is dressed like a wealthy person” +JAS 2 2 j8d5 figs-explicit ἀνὴρ χρυσοδακτύλιος, ἐν ἐσθῆτι λαμπρᾷ 1 a gold-ringed man in splendid clothing James assumes that his readers will know that he is giving an example of what a wealthy person might wear. (The expression **a gold-ringed man** does not mean a man who is ringed around with gold, but a man who is wearing a gold ring.) If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a different example from your own culture, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “someone who is dressed like a wealthy person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JAS 2 2 j086 figs-gendernotations ἀνὴρ 1 man James is using the term **man** in a generic sense that could mean either a man or a woman. Alternate translation: “person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) JAS 2 2 j087 translate-unknown συναγωγὴν 1 synagogue A **synagogue** is a Jewish meeting place for worship. James uses the term because he is writing primarily to Jews who have put their faith in Jesus as their Messiah. (See the discussion in Part 1 of the Introduction to James.) In your translation you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “meeting place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) JAS 2 2 j088 figs-nominaladj πτωχὸς 1 a poor one James is using the adjective **poor** as a noun in order to mean a kind of person. (ULT adds **one** to indicate this.) Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “a person who is poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) @@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ JAS 2 5 s38z figs-metaphor πλουσίους ἐν πίστει 1 to be rich in JAS 2 5 j101 figs-explicit πλουσίους ἐν πίστει 1 to be rich in faith Your language may require you to specify the object of **faith**. Alternate translation: “to have strong faith in Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JAS 2 5 qii5 figs-metaphor κληρονόμους τῆς βασιλείας ἧς 1 heirs of the kingdom that James speaks figuratively of the people to whom God has promised the kingdom as if they were going to inherit wealth from a family member. Alternate translation: “participants in the kingdom that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JAS 2 5 j102 figs-abstractnouns κληρονόμους τῆς βασιλείας ἧς 1 to be heirs of the kingdom that If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **kingdom** with a verb such as “rule.” Alternate translation: “to enjoy advantages when God rules, as” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -JAS 2 6 vr53 ἠτιμάσατε τὸν πτωχόν 1 you have dishonored the poor What James means by this is clear from the example he gives in [2:2–3](../02/03.md). Alternate translation: “you have treated people who are poor much worse than you have treated people who are rich” +JAS 2 6 vr53 ἠτιμάσατε τὸν πτωχόν 1 you have dishonored the poor What James means by this is clear from the example he gives in [2:23](../02/02.md). Alternate translation: “you have treated people who are poor much worse than you have treated people who are rich” JAS 2 6 j103 figs-nominaladj τὸν πτωχόν 1 the poor James is using the adjective **poor** as a noun to refer to a group of people. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “people who are poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) JAS 2 6 j104 writing-pronouns οὐχ οἱ πλούσιοι καταδυναστεύουσιν ὑμῶν, καὶ αὐτοὶ ἕλκουσιν ὑμᾶς εἰς κριτήρια 1 Do not the rich overpower you and themselves drag you into court The word that is translated **themselves** here is the same word that is translated **they** in the next verse. It is effectively the subject of a new independent clause, so you could translate this as two sentences. Alternate translation: “Do not the rich overpower you? Do they not drag you into court” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) JAS 2 6 l2lu figs-rquestion οὐχ οἱ πλούσιοι καταδυναστεύουσιν ὑμῶν, καὶ αὐτοὶ ἕλκουσιν ὑμᾶς εἰς κριτήρια? 1 Do not the rich overpower you and themselves drag you into court? James is using the question form as a teaching tool. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “It is the rich who overpower you and drag you into court themselves!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) @@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ JAS 2 18 j146 figs-abstractnouns κἀγώ σοι δείξω ἐκ τῶν ἔρ JAS 2 19 j147 σὺ πιστεύεις ὅτι εἷς ἐστιν ὁ Θεός 1 You believe that God is one The verb translated **believe** comes from the same root as the word translated “faith.” It may be helpful to show that in your translation to make it clearer that James is continuing to speak to the same person as in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “You have faith that God is one” JAS 2 19 j148 σὺ πιστεύεις ὅτι εἷς ἐστιν ὁ Θεός 1 You believe that God is one As Part 1 of the General Introduction to James explains, the people to whom James was writing were believers in Jesus who had a Jewish background. As a result, they would have known that he was referring here to the essential Jewish affirmation, “Listen, Israel, Yahweh our God is one.” Moses says this in Deuteronomy [6:4](../deu/06/04.md). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “You believe the essential teaching of Moses that there is one God” JAS 2 19 j149 figs-irony καλῶς ποιεῖς; καὶ τὰ δαιμόνια πιστεύουσιν καὶ φρίσσουσιν 1 You do well. The demons also believe, and they tremble When James says **you do well**, he is saying the opposite of what he really means. He grants that believing in one God is a good thing in itself, but he is actually saying that by itself, it is the kind of faith without works that cannot save a person. He proves this by observing that the demons, who are not saved, also believe that there is one God, and this makes them tremble. Alternate translation: “You may think that is a good thing to do. But the demons also believe in one God, and they tremble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -JAS 2 19 fv39 figs-explicit καὶ τὰ δαιμόνια πιστεύουσιν καὶ φρίσσουσιν 1 The demons also believe, and they tremble If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say explicitly why the demons **tremble** at the thought of God. Alternate translation: “The demons also believe in one God, and they tremble knowing that God is going to punish them” +JAS 2 19 fv39 figs-explicit καὶ τὰ δαιμόνια πιστεύουσιν καὶ φρίσσουσιν 1 The demons also believe, and they tremble If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say explicitly why the demons **tremble** at the thought of God. Alternate translation: “The demons also believe in one God, and they tremble knowing that God is going to punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JAS 2 20 ax95 figs-rquestion θέλεις δὲ γνῶναι, ὦ ἄνθρωπε κενέ, ὅτι ἡ πίστις χωρὶς τῶν ἔργων ἀργή ἐστιν? 1 But do you wish to know, O foolish man, that faith without works is idle? James is using the question form as a teaching tool. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate his words as a statement. Alternate translation: “But I will show you, O foolish man, that faith without works is idle.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JAS 2 20 j150 figs-idiom θέλεις…γνῶναι 1 do you wish to know This is an idiom. It means “I can show you” by suggesting implicitly, “If you really want to know, I can show you.” Alternate translation: “I will show you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) JAS 2 20 j151 ὦ ἄνθρωπε κενέ 1 O foolish man James is addressing this hypothetical **man** in the vocative after an exclamation. If your language has a vocative case, it would be appropriate to use it here. If not, you could express the meaning in another way that would be natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you foolish man” @@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ JAS 3 15 mzc9 δαιμονιώδης 1 demonic Alternate translation: “from d JAS 3 16 j237 grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 For James is giving the reason for the statement he made in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “It is clear that this is not godly wisdom, because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) JAS 3 16 x5jz figs-abstractnouns ὅπου…ζῆλος καὶ ἐριθεία, ἐκεῖ ἀκαταστασία καὶ πᾶν φαῦλον πρᾶγμα 1 where there is envy and ambition, there is unsettledness and every wicked deed If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the ideas behind the abstract nouns **envy**, **ambition**, and **unsettledness** with equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “For when people are envious and ambitious, this causes them to act in disorderly and evil ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JAS 3 16 vmt4 figs-hyperbole πᾶν φαῦλον πρᾶγμα 1 every wicked deed **Every** is a generalization for emphasis. Alternate translation: “many kinds of wicked deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -JAS 3 17 s8w4 figs-abstractnouns the wisdom 1 ἡ…σοφία If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **wisdom** with an adjective such as “wise.” Alternate translation: “the wise way of living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +JAS 3 17 s8w4 figs-abstractnouns ἡ…σοφία 1 the wisdom If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **wisdom** with an adjective such as “wise.” Alternate translation: “the wise way of living” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) JAS 3 17 hhk5 figs-metaphor ἄνωθεν 1 from above See how you translated this in [3:15](../03/15.md). Alternate translation: “that comes from God” or “that God teaches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JAS 3 17 hfh9 figs-metaphor καρπῶν ἀγαθῶν 1 good fruits James speaks figuratively of **good fruits** to mean kind things that people do for others as a result of having wisdom from God. Alternate translation: “good deeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JAS 3 17 by2l ἀνυπόκριτος 1 sincere Alternate translation: “not hypocritical” or “honest” or “truthful” @@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ JAS 4 10 an8i figs-metaphor ἐνώπιον Κυρίου 1 before the Lord The w JAS 4 10 tn5w figs-metaphor ὑψώσει ὑμᾶς 1 he will lift you up James is speaking figuratively as if his readers would humbly kneel down or bow down in front of God to show their repentance and God would have them stand up to show that he accepted them. Alternate translation: “he will show that he accepts you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JAS 4 11 r3hc μὴ καταλαλεῖτε ἀλλήλων 1 Do not speak against one another Alternate translation: “Do not say bad things about one another” JAS 4 11 uyi9 figs-metaphor ἀδελφοί…ἀδελφοῦ…τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ 1 brothers…a brother…his brother See how you translated the term **brothers** in [1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “my fellow believers … a fellow believer … his fellow believer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -JAS 4 11 j277 figs-explicit καταλαλεῖ νόμου καὶ κρίνει νόμον 1 speaks against the law and judges the law By **the law**, James means the same thing that he calls the “royal law” in [2:8](../02/08.md) and the “law of freedom” in [1:25](../01/25.md) and [2:12](../02/12.md). That is, he means the commandment “you will love your neighbor as yourself.” James is teaching his readers that by saying or assuming that their fellow believers were doing wrong things, they were not following this commandment and they were treating the commandment as if it were not important to follow. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. See how you translated the term “neighbor” in [2:8](../02/08.md). Alternate translation: “contradicts the law that says to love other people as oneself and judges that law to be unimportant” +JAS 4 11 j277 figs-explicit καταλαλεῖ νόμου καὶ κρίνει νόμον 1 speaks against the law and judges the law By **the law**, James means the same thing that he calls the “royal law” in [2:8](../02/08.md) and the “law of freedom” in [1:25](../01/25.md) and [2:12](../02/12.md). That is, he means the commandment “you will love your neighbor as yourself.” James is teaching his readers that by saying or assuming that their fellow believers were doing wrong things, they were not following this commandment and they were treating the commandment as if it were not important to follow. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate that explicitly. See how you translated the term “neighbor” in [2:8](../02/08.md). Alternate translation: “contradicts the law that says to love other people as oneself and judges that law to be unimportant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JAS 4 11 j278 figs-youcrowd εἰ…νόμον κρίνεις, οὐκ εἶ ποιητὴς νόμου 1 if you judge the law, you are not a doer of the law The word **you** is singular in these two cases because even though James is addressing a group of people, he is describing an individual situation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]]) JAS 4 11 j279 figs-ellipsis οὐκ εἶ ποιητὴς νόμου, ἀλλὰ κριτής 1 you are not a doer of the law, but a judge In the second phrase, James is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages in order to be complete. These words can be supplied from the first phrase. Alternate translation: “you are not a doer of the law, but a judge of the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) JAS 4 11 jlx4 figs-explicit οὐκ εἶ ποιητὴς νόμου, ἀλλὰ κριτής 1 you are not a doer of the law, but a judge If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say more explicitly what this means. See how you translate the similar phrase at the end of the previous sentence. Alternate translation: “instead of loving other people, you are saying that it is not important to love them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ JAS 5 12 s755 μὴ ὀμνύετε 1 do not swear Here, to **swear** means to JAS 5 12 j324 figs-ellipsis ἤτω…ὑμῶν τὸ ναὶ, ναὶ, καὶ τὸ οὒ, οὔ 1 let your “Yes” be “Yes” and “No,” “No” In the second phrase, James is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages in order to be complete. These words can be supplied from the first phrase. Alternate translation: “let your ‘Yes’ be ‘Yes’ and let your ‘No’ be ‘No’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) JAS 5 12 m3ve ἤτω…ὑμῶν τὸ ναὶ, ναὶ, καὶ τὸ οὒ, οὔ 1 let your “Yes” be “Yes” and “No,” “No” Alternate translation: “simply give your word, without making an oath” JAS 5 12 f6mx figs-metaphor ἵνα μὴ ὑπὸ κρίσιν πέσητε 1 so that you may not fall under judgment James is speaking figuratively of **judgment** as something that a person might **fall under**. Alternate translation: “so that you will not be judged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -JAS 5 12 j325 figs-explicit ἵνα μὴ ὑπὸ κρίσιν πέσητε 1 so that you may not fall under judgment If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say more explicitly what this means. Alternate translation: “so that God will not have to judge and punish you for breaking your oath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JAS 5 12 j325 figs-explicit ἵνα μὴ ὑπὸ κρίσιν πέσητε 1 so that you may not fall under judgment If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say more explicitly what this means. Alternate translation: “so that God will not have to judge and punish you for breaking your oath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JAS 5 13 m3e6 figs-rquestion κακοπαθεῖ τις ἐν ὑμῖν? προσευχέσθω 1 Is anyone among you suffering hardship? Let him pray James is not looking for information. He is using the question form to state a condition, and he describes the result in a short sentence right after the question. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate the question and that sentence together as a single statement. Alternate translation: “If anyone among you is suffering hardship, then he should pray” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JAS 5 13 wdf7 figs-rquestion εὐθυμεῖ τις? ψαλλέτω 1 Is anyone cheerful? Let him sing praise James is again using the question form to state a condition and describing the result in a following sentence. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate the question and that sentence together as a single statement. Alternate translation: “If anyone is cheerful, then he should sing praise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) JAS 5 14 in34 figs-rquestion ἀσθενεῖ τις ἐν ὑμῖν? προσκαλεσάσθω τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους τῆς ἐκκλησίας, καὶ προσευξάσθωσαν 1 Is anyone among you sick? Let him summon the elders of the church, and let them pray Once again James is using the question form to state a condition and describing the result in a following sentence. If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate the question and that sentence together as a single statement. Alternate translation: “If anyone among you sick, then he should summon the elders of the church and they should pray” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) @@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ JAS 5 14 j327 figs-metaphor προσευξάσθωσαν ἐπ’ αὐτὸν 1 JAS 5 14 j328 translate-unknown ἀλείψαντες αὐτὸν ἐλαίῳ 1 having anointed him with oil In the biblical culture, anointing people with **oil** was a way of consecrating them to God, but it was also a medical treatment. Since James is talking about a person who is **sick**, he seems to speak of the oil at least in part for its medical value. So he may be telling believers to do what they can practically to help the sick person recover, in addition to praying for him. If your readers would not recognize that the medical benefits were one reason why James says to anoint the sick person with oil, you could include an explanation in your translation or in a note, or you could translate this with a general expression. Alternate translation: “having done what they can to help him practically” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) JAS 5 14 fik7 figs-metonymy ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου 1 in the name of the Lord James is figuratively using the **name** of the Lord to mean his person and authority. Alternate translation: “on behalf of the Lord” or “with the authority of the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JAS 5 15 qiw4 figs-possession ἡ εὐχὴ τῆς πίστεως σώσει τὸν κάμνοντα 1 the prayer of faith will save the sick James is using the possessive form to describe **prayer** that is characterized by **faith**. Alternate translation: “the prayer that is offered in faith will save the sick” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) -JAS 5 15 j329 ἡ εὐχὴ τῆς πίστεως σώσει τὸν κάμνοντα 1 the prayer of faith will save the sick James is using the word translated **save** in one of its senses to mean “heal.” (He uses a more specific word to mean “healed” in the next verse.) Alternate translation: “the prayer that is offered in faith will heal the sick” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) +JAS 5 15 j329 ἡ εὐχὴ τῆς πίστεως σώσει τὸν κάμνοντα 1 the prayer of faith will save the sick James is using the word translated **save** in one of its senses to mean “heal.” (He uses a more specific word to mean “healed” in the next verse.) Alternate translation: “the prayer that is offered in faith will heal the sick” JAS 5 15 j330 figs-nominaladj ἡ εὐχὴ τῆς πίστεως σώσει τὸν κάμνοντα 1 the prayer of faith will save the sick James is using the adjective **sick** as a noun in order to indicate a type of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “the prayer that is offered in faith will heal the sick person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) JAS 5 15 c8q6 figs-personification ἡ εὐχὴ τῆς πίστεως σώσει τὸν κάμνοντα 1 the prayer of faith will save the sick James is speaking figuratively of this **prayer** as if it would heal the sick person itself. Alternate translation: “in answer to this prayer that is offered in faith, God will heal the sick person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JAS 5 15 ei3q figs-metonymy ἐγερεῖ αὐτὸν ὁ Κύριος 1 the Lord will raise him up James is speaking figuratively of the sick person’s restoration to health by association with the way that the person will get **up** out of bed when he recovers. Alternate translation: “the Lord will make him well” or “the Lord will enable him to resume his regular activities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -625,10 +625,10 @@ JAS 5 16 j333 figs-nominaladj πολὺ ἰσχύει δέησις δικαίο JAS 5 16 zk62 figs-personification πολὺ ἰσχύει δέησις δικαίου ἐνεργουμένη 1 The working prayer of the righteous is very strong James is speaking figuratively of **prayer** as if it were a living thing that was **very strong** by itself. Alternate translation: “When a person who is righteous prays, God does very powerful things in response” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JAS 5 17 j334 figs-explicit Ἠλείας 1 Elijah James assumes that his readers will know from the Scriptures about this episode in Elijah’s life. If your readers might not be familiar with it, you could describe it in more detail. Alternate translation: “You know from the Scriptures how a prophet named Elijah who lived long ago” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) JAS 5 17 j335 figs-explicit ὁμοιοπαθὴς ἡμῖν 1 of similar passions to us This expression means that Elijah had the same feelings as any other human being. In context, James is indicating specifically that he too had the kind of feelings that make it difficult for people to pray. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “who had the same doubts and fears that we all do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -JAS 5 17 vhw2 figs-explicitinfo προσευχῇ προσηύξατο 1 he prayed with prayer To indicate that Elijah prayed intensely, James is using an indirect object with a verb that comes from the same root. If your language uses a similar construction, it would be appropriate to have it here in your translation. But if this construction would seem to express unnecessary extra information in your language, you could express this emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “he prayed intensely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/ figs-explicitinfo]]) +JAS 5 17 vhw2 figs-explicitinfo προσευχῇ προσηύξατο 1 he prayed with prayer To indicate that Elijah prayed intensely, James is using an indirect object with a verb that comes from the same root. If your language uses a similar construction, it would be appropriate to have it here in your translation. But if this construction would seem to express unnecessary extra information in your language, you could express this emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “he prayed intensely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo]]) JAS 5 18 j336 writing-pronouns πάλιν προσηύξατο 1 he prayed again The pronoun **he** refers to Elijah. Alternate translation: “Elijah prayed again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]]) JAS 5 18 zwc9 figs-personification ὁ οὐρανὸς ὑετὸν ἔδωκεν 1 the heaven gave rain In this context, **the heaven** means “the sky.” James is speaking figuratively of the sky as if it were a living thing that **gave rain**. Alternate translation: “rain fell from the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -JAS 5 18 yi7m figs-personification the earth produced its fruit 1 ἡ γῆ ἐβλάστησεν τὸν καρπὸν αὐτῆς James is speaking figuratively of the **earth** as if it were a living thing that **produced fruit**. As in [5:7](../05/07.md), James is using the word **fruit** in a broad sense to mean things that plants produce that are good for food. He does not mean only the kind of fruit that grows on trees and vines. Alternate translation: “crops grew from the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +JAS 5 18 yi7m figs-personification ἡ γῆ ἐβλάστησεν τὸν καρπὸν αὐτῆς 1 the earth produced its fruit James is speaking figuratively of the **earth** as if it were a living thing that **produced fruit**. As in [5:7](../05/07.md), James is using the word **fruit** in a broad sense to mean things that plants produce that are good for food. He does not mean only the kind of fruit that grows on trees and vines. Alternate translation: “crops grew from the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) JAS 5 19 xr4l figs-metaphor ἀδελφοί μου 1 My brothers See how you translated the term **brothers** in [1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “My fellow believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JAS 5 19 dv4v figs-metaphor ἐάν τις ἐν ὑμῖν πλανηθῇ ἀπὸ τῆς ἀληθείας 1 if anyone among you may have been led astray from the truth As in [1:16](../01/16.md), James is speaking figuratively as if a deceptive guide may have led one of his readers in the wrong direction. Alternate translation: “if anyone among you may have been deceived regarding the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JAS 5 19 j337 figs-activepassive ἐάν τις ἐν ὑμῖν πλανηθῇ ἀπὸ τῆς ἀληθείας 1 if anyone among you may have been led astray from the truth If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “if someone may have deceived anyone among you regarding the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -640,4 +640,4 @@ JAS 5 20 xg1y figs-metaphor ὁ ἐπιστρέψας ἁμαρτωλὸν ἐκ JAS 5 20 j342 figs-metonymy σώσει ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἐκ θανάτου 1 will save his soul from death James is speaking figuratively as if this person’s actions would save the sinner’s soul from death. But James means by association that God will use those actions to persuade the sinner to repent and be saved. Alternate translation: “will be an instrument of God’s work to save the sinner’s soul from death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) JAS 5 20 pd78 figs-metaphor σώσει ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἐκ θανάτου 1 will save his soul from death James seems to be speaking not of literal, physical death but of spiritual death, that is, of eternal separation from God. Alternate translation: “from spiritual death” (as in UST) or “from eternal separation from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) JAS 5 20 j343 figs-synecdoche σώσει ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἐκ θανάτου 1 will save his soul from death However, some interpreters believe that James actually is speaking of literal, physical death. They believe he is saying that a person who stops his sinful lifestyle will not experience physical death as a consequence of his sin. In that case, James would be using one part of a person, his **soul**, to mean all of the person. Alternate translation: “will keep him from dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -JAS 5 20 rh4d figs-metaphor καλύψει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν 1 will cover a multitude of sins James is speaking figuratively of one person’s sins as if they were objects that another person could cover so that God would not see them. He means that by helping a sinner to repent, another believer can help that sinner to be forgiven. Alternate translation: “will help him to be forgiven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +JAS 5 20 rh4d figs-metaphor καλύψει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν 1 will cover a multitude of sins James is speaking figuratively of one person’s sins as if they were objects that another person could cover so that God would not see them. He means that by helping a sinner to repent, another believer can help that sinner to be forgiven. Alternate translation: “will help him to be forgiven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file