diff --git a/en_tn_56-2TI.tsv b/en_tn_56-2TI.tsv index 54a270d57..ad580dc26 100644 --- a/en_tn_56-2TI.tsv +++ b/en_tn_56-2TI.tsv @@ -91,10 +91,10 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2TI 2 4 p7n5 figs-metaphor ἐμπλέκεται ταῖς τοῦ βίου πραγματίαις 1 gets entangled in the affairs of life Paul speaks of being involved in other matters as if they were a net that trapped people and kept them from being able to move freely. Alternate translation: “allows the affairs of life to distract him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2TI 2 4 p028 figs-activepassive ἐμπλέκεται ταῖς τοῦ βίου πραγματίαις 1 gets entangled in the affairs of life If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “allows the affairs of life to distract him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 2TI 2 4 p029 figs-explicit ταῖς τοῦ βίου πραγματίαις 1 the affairs of life By **life**, Paul means, in the context of this metaphor, “civilian life.” The implication is that Timothy and all believers should not allow competing concerns to keep them from serving Christ. Alternate translation: “everyday life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -2TI 2 4 d2lg τῷ στρατολογήσαντι 1 the one who enlisted him Alternate translation: “his leader” or “the one who commands him” +2TI 2 4 d2lg τῷ στρατολογήσαντι 1 the one who enlisted him Alternate translation: “his leader” or “the one who commands him” 2TI 2 5 d483 figs-metaphor ἐὰν…ἀθλῇ τις, οὐ στεφανοῦται, ἐὰν μὴ νομίμως ἀθλήσῃ 1 if anyone competes, he is not crowned if he has not competed lawfully To help Timothy understand something important about following Jesus, Paul introduces the metaphor of an athlete who has to decide between competing lawfully or not lawfully. The athlete will only receive the crown given to the winner if he competes lawfully. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this directly. Alternate translation: “Consider that the officials only crown an athlete as the winner if he competes according to the rules” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2TI 2 5 p031 figs-hypo ἐὰν…ἀθλῇ τις, οὐ στεφανοῦται, ἐὰν μὴ νομίμως ἀθλήσῃ 1 if anyone competes, he is not crowned if he has not competed lawfully Paul is also using a hypothetical situation to teach Timothy. Alternate translation: “Suppose an athlete did not compete by the rules. Then he would not be crowned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -2TI 2 5 p032 ἐὰν…ἀθλῇ τις 1 if anyone competes This expression has a specific meaning. Alternate translation: “if an athlete competes in an event” +2TI 2 5 p032 ἐὰν…ἀθλῇ τις 1 if anyone competes This expression has a specific meaning. Alternate translation: “if an athlete competes in an event” 2TI 2 5 xbn6 figs-doublenegatives οὐ στεφανοῦται, ἐὰν μὴ νομίμως ἀθλήσῃ 1 he is not crowned if he has not competed lawfully If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this double negative as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “the officials will only crown him if he competes by the rules” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) 2TI 2 5 p033 figs-activepassive οὐ στεφανοῦται 1 he is not crowned If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “the officials will not crown him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 2TI 2 5 p034 figs-explicit οὐ στεφανοῦται 1 he is not crowned Paul assumes that Timothy will know that in this culture, crowning indicated the winner of a competition. Alternate translation: “the officials will not crown him as the winner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) @@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2TI 2 8 p037 translate-names Δαυείδ 1 David This is the name of a man, a great king of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 2TI 2 8 wt31 figs-idiom ἐγηγερμένον ἐκ νεκρῶν 1 raised from the dead The expression **raise from the dead** is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Alternate translation: “whom God caused to live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 2TI 2 8 p038 figs-activepassive ἐγηγερμένον ἐκ νεκρῶν 1 raised from the dead If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “whom God raised from the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -2TI 2 8 s4vh κατὰ τὸ εὐαγγέλιόν μου 1 according to my gospel The term **my** conveys the idea that it is the gospel associated with Paul because he preaches it. Alternate translation: “according to the gospel message that I preach” +2TI 2 8 s4vh κατὰ τὸ εὐαγγέλιόν μου 1 according to my gospel The term **my** conveys the idea that it is the gospel associated with Paul because he preaches it. Alternate translation: “according to the gospel message that I preach” 2TI 2 9 t2ax figs-metonymy μέχρι δεσμῶν 1 unto chains Paul uses the expression **unto chains** figuratively to express how far his suffering has gone, from being beaten to being arrested to being in chains in prison. Alternate translation: “to the point of being imprisoned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2TI 2 9 p039 figs-simile ὡς κακοῦργος 1 like a criminal Paul compares his situation to the shameful one that a person would be in who had actually committed a crime. Alternate translation: “as if I were a criminal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 2TI 2 9 pc6t figs-metaphor ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ οὐ δέδεται 1 the word of God is not bound Here **bound** means being held in chains as a prisoner, referring to Paul’s condition. Paul contrasts himself, an actual prisoner, with God’s message, which can never be held prisoner. Alternate translation: “nothing is holding back the message from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -117,27 +117,27 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2TI 2 9 p041 figs-metonymy ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 the word of God Paul uses the term **word** figuratively to describe the message from God that he and others are communicating with words. Alternate translation: “the message from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2TI 2 10 p042 figs-hyperbole πάντα ὑπομένω 1 I endure all things Here the term **all** is a generalization that likely refers to the sufferings that Paul describes in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “I endure all of these sufferings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) 2TI 2 10 aa1x figs-nominaladj διὰ τοὺς ἐκλεκτούς 1 for the chosen The term **chosen** is an adjective that functions as a noun here and refers to a group of people. If your language would not use an adjective in that way, you can translate this term with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “for the people whom God has chosen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -2TI 2 10 j2bk σωτηρίας τύχωσιν τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 obtain the salvation that is in Christ Jesus The phrase **obtain the salvation** could also be expressed with Christ Jesus as the subject who grants salvation. Alternate translation: “Christ Jesus may grant them salvation” +2TI 2 10 j2bk σωτηρίας τύχωσιν τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 obtain the salvation that is in Christ Jesus The phrase **obtain the salvation** could also be expressed with Christ Jesus as the subject who grants salvation. Alternate translation: “Christ Jesus may grant them salvation” 2TI 2 10 p043 figs-abstractnouns σωτηρίας τύχωσιν τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 obtain the salvation that is in Christ Jesus If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **salvation** with a verb. Alternate translation: “Christ Jesus may save them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 2TI 2 10 el68 figs-abstractnouns μετὰ δόξης αἰωνίου 1 with eternal glory If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **glory** with an adjective. This could mean one of two things. (1) God will give his people a glorious place to live in that will last forever. Alternate translation: “and they will be in a glorious place with him forever” (2) God will allow his people to experience a glorious condition or body that will last forever. Alternate translation: “and they will have a glorious body forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -2TI 2 11 nr7u πιστὸς ὁ λόγος 1 This word is trustworthy In this context, the term **word** has a specific meaning. Alternate translation: “This statement is dependable” -2TI 2 11 p044 πιστὸς ὁ λόγος 1 This word is trustworthy You could represent the meaning of the adjective **trustworthy** with an active verb, if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “You can trust this statement” +2TI 2 11 nr7u πιστὸς ὁ λόγος 1 This word is trustworthy In this context, the term **word** has a specific meaning. Alternate translation: “This statement is dependable” +2TI 2 11 p044 πιστὸς ὁ λόγος 1 This word is trustworthy You could represent the meaning of the adjective **trustworthy** with an active verb, if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “You can trust this statement” 2TI 2 11 p045 figs-quotemarks πιστὸς ὁ λόγος 1 This word is trustworthy Paul uses this phrase to introduce a direct quotation. The words that follow in the rest of this verse and in [2:12](../02/12.md) and [2:13](../02/13.md) are a poem or hymn that expresses the message that Paul says is trustworthy. It may be helpful to your readers if you indicate this by marking these words as a direct quotation or by setting them farther to the right, as the General Notes at the beginning of this chapter suggest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]]) 2TI 2 11 g6e4 writing-poetry εἰ γὰρ συναπεθάνομεν, καὶ συνζήσομεν 1 For if we died with him, we will also live with him This is the beginning of a poem or hymn that Paul is probably quoting. If your language has a way of indicating that this is poetry, such as by setting individual phrases on separate lines, you could use it here and in [2:12](../02/12.md) and [2:13](../02/13.md). If not, you could translate this material as regular prose rather than as poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]]) 2TI 2 11 in38 figs-metaphor εἰ…συναπεθάνομεν 1 if we died with him Paul is speaking figuratively, since he and Timothy and other believers who should trust this statement have not actually died. This could mean one of two things. (1) Paul could be referring to the way that believers identify with Jesus’ death when they trust him for salvation. Alternate translation: “if we have identified with Jesus’ death for us” (2) Paul could be referring to the way that people who believe in Jesus may suffer for him, possibly to the point of dying for him. Alternate translation: “if we are prepared to die for Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2TI 2 11 p046 figs-metaphor καὶ συνζήσομεν 1 we will also live with him If **died** is figurative, then Paul may intend the term **live** in a figurative sense as well. If so, it could mean one of two things. (1) If **died** refers to the way that believers identify with Jesus’ death, then **live** may refer to how they will act as a result. Alternate translation: “we will not pursue our own desires, instead we will do what Jesus wants us to do” (2) If **died** refers to being prepared to die for Jesus, then **live** may refer to life after death. Alternate translation: “God will raise us from the dead as he raised Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2TI 2 12 p047 figs-metaphor συνβασιλεύσομεν 1 we will reign with him Paul uses the expression **reign** to refer figuratively to the reward of obedience on earth, which is eternal life. In the eternal state, believers actually will **reign** with Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “we will have eternal life with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -2TI 2 12 p048 εἰ ἀρνησόμεθα 1 if we deny him Paul uses the term **deny** to refer to the action of believers saying that they do not know Jesus Christ during this present life. Alternate translation: “if we say now that we do not know him” -2TI 2 12 p049 κἀκεῖνος ἀρνήσεται ἡμᾶς 1 he also will deny us Paul uses **deny** to refer to the action of Jesus Christ on the day of final judgment. Jesus will either receive a faithful believer or reject those who are not true followers. Alternate translation: “he will reject us on the day of judgment” -2TI 2 13 ke4w εἰ ἀπιστοῦμεν 1 if we are unfaithful Paul uses the word **unfaithful** to express the idea that believers do not continue to obey but rather disobey. Alternate translation: “if we disobey Jesus” or “if we do not do what Jesus wants us to do” +2TI 2 12 p048 εἰ ἀρνησόμεθα 1 if we deny him Paul uses the term **deny** to refer to the action of believers saying that they do not know Jesus Christ during this present life. Alternate translation: “if we say now that we do not know him” +2TI 2 12 p049 κἀκεῖνος ἀρνήσεται ἡμᾶς 1 he also will deny us Paul uses **deny** to refer to the action of Jesus Christ on the day of final judgment. Jesus will either receive a faithful believer or reject those who are not true followers. Alternate translation: “he will reject us on the day of judgment” +2TI 2 13 ke4w εἰ ἀπιστοῦμεν 1 if we are unfaithful Paul uses the word **unfaithful** to express the idea that believers do not continue to obey but rather disobey. Alternate translation: “if we disobey Jesus” or “if we do not do what Jesus wants us to do” 2TI 2 13 p050 figs-explicit ἐκεῖνος πιστὸς μένει 1 he remains faithful This could mean one of two things. Alternate translation: (1) “he remains true to himself” (2) “he remains faithful to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -2TI 2 13 ihd4 ἀρνήσασθαι…ἑαυτὸν οὐ δύναται 1 he is not able to deny himself Paul states that Jesus is not able to **deny himself**, meaning that Jesus is not able to go against his character and will remain true to what he said he would do. Alternate translation: “he must always act according to his character” -2TI 2 14 u661 ὑπομίμνῃσκε 1 remind them The word **them**, which is implicit in the Greek verb, probably refers to the people that Timothy has responsibility over. Alternate translation: “remind the people there” +2TI 2 13 ihd4 ἀρνήσασθαι…ἑαυτὸν οὐ δύναται 1 he is not able to deny himself Paul states that Jesus is not able to **deny himself**, meaning that Jesus is not able to go against his character and will remain true to what he said he would do. Alternate translation: “he must always act according to his character” +2TI 2 14 u661 ὑπομίμνῃσκε 1 remind them The word **them**, which is implicit in the Greek verb, probably refers to the people that Timothy has responsibility over. Alternate translation: “remind the people there” 2TI 2 14 p051 figs-metaphor ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 before God Paul uses the expression **before God**, which means “in front of God,” to mean “where God can see.” Seeing, in turn, figuratively means attention and judgment. Alternate translation: “as God is watching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2TI 2 14 r5lq figs-explicit ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ 1 before God The implication is that Paul is telling Timothy to tell the believers, when he gives them this command, that God will be watching what they do. Alternate translation: “with God as their witness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 2TI 2 14 g6p7 figs-metaphor μὴ λογομαχεῖν 1 not to battle about words Paul uses the term **battle** figuratively to describe arguments. This could mean one of two things. (1) The believers are not to argue about foolish things that people say. Alternate translation: “not to fight about foolish comments” (2) The believers are not to argue about what words mean. Alternate translation: “not to fight about the meanings of words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -2TI 2 14 rke6 ἐπ’ οὐδὲν χρήσιμον 1 it is useful for nothing Paul adds that battling about words has no benefit for those involved. Alternate translation: “it does not benefit anyone” -2TI 2 15 m3vy σεαυτὸν δόκιμον παραστῆσαι τῷ Θεῷ, ἐργάτην ἀνεπαίσχυντον 1 to present yourself approved to God, a worker not ashamed Alternate translation: “do your best to please God and to seek God’s approval” +2TI 2 14 rke6 ἐπ’ οὐδὲν χρήσιμον 1 it is useful for nothing Paul adds that battling about words has no benefit for those involved. Alternate translation: “it does not benefit anyone” +2TI 2 15 m3vy σεαυτὸν δόκιμον παραστῆσαι τῷ Θεῷ, ἐργάτην ἀνεπαίσχυντον 1 to present yourself approved to God, a worker not ashamed Alternate translation: “do your best to please God and to seek God’s approval” 2TI 2 15 rj6y figs-metaphor ἐργάτην 1 a worker Paul says figuratively that Timothy will be a skilled workman if he correctly teaches God’s word. Alternate translation: “like a craftsman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2TI 2 15 xgz9 figs-metaphor ὀρθοτομοῦντα τὸν λόγος τῆς ἀληθείας 1 cutting the word of truth straight Paul refers figuratively to **the word of truth** as if it were a path that someone was cutting through difficult terrain. When such a path is **straight**, travelers can follow it directly to their destination. By contrast, the useless discussions that Paul describes in [2:14](../01/32.md) and [2:16](../01/32.md) would be needless detours in terms of this same metaphor. Alternate translation: “show people how to follow the Scriptures directly” or “teach the Scriptures correctly so that people can follow them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2TI 2 15 p052 figs-metonymy τὸν λόγος τῆς ἀληθείας 1 the word of truth Paul uses the term **word** figuratively to refer to something that is expressed in words. This could mean one of two things. (1) It could refer to the message that Timothy is to teach. Alternate translation: “the true message” (2) It could refer to the Scriptures. Alternate translation: “the true things that God has said in the Scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) @@ -146,8 +146,8 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2TI 2 17 i73t figs-simile ὁ λόγος αὐτῶν ὡς γάγγραινα νομὴν ἕξει 1 their word will have a spreading like gangrene This is a simile. It means that what the people who were taking part in empty discussions were saying would spread from person to person and harm the faith of those who heard it. Alternate translation: “what people who take part in these discussions say will spread quickly and cause destruction like an infectious disease” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 2TI 2 17 p054 figs-metonymy ὁ λόγος αὐτῶν 1 their word Paul uses the term **word** figuratively to refer to something that is expressed in words. Alternate translation: “what people who take part in these discussions say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2TI 2 17 p055 translate-unknown ὡς γάγγραινα 1 like gangrene The illness **gangrene** is an infection that destroys bodily tissues. It quickly spreads in a person’s body and can lead to death. If your readers would not know what **gangrene** was, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “like an infectious disease” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) -2TI 2 17 p056 ὧν ἐστιν Ὑμέναιος, καὶ Φίλητος 1 among whom are Hymenaeus and Philetus Paul gives Timothy the names of two men who are examples of ungodliness and foolish talk. To make the relationship between these names and the preceding **their word** clear in your language, you may have to make this explicit. Alternate translation: “Hymeneus and Philetus are such people” -2TI 2 17 x2k6 These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) Ὑμέναιος καὶ Φίλητος 1 Hymenaeus and Philetus +2TI 2 17 p056 ὧν ἐστιν Ὑμέναιος, καὶ Φίλητος 1 among whom are Hymenaeus and Philetus Paul gives Timothy the names of two men who are examples of ungodliness and foolish talk. To make the relationship between these names and the preceding **their word** clear in your language, you may have to make this explicit. Alternate translation: “Hymeneus and Philetus are such people” +2TI 2 17 x2k6 Ὑμέναιος καὶ Φίλητος 1 Hymenaeus and Philetus These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 2TI 2 18 fi9z figs-metaphor οἵτινες περὶ τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἠστόχησαν 1 who have missed the mark regarding the truth Paul uses this expression to speak figuratively of faith in Christ as if it were a target that people should aim at. Those who have **missed the mark** no longer believe or teach what is true. Alternate translation: “who have started saying things that are not true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2TI 2 18 p057 figs-abstractnouns οἵτινες περὶ τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἠστόχησαν 1 who have missed the mark regarding the truth If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **truth** with an adjective. Alternate translation: “who have started saying things that are not true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 2TI 2 18 pu22 figs-abstractnouns ἀνάστασιν ἤδη γεγονέναι 1 the resurrection has already happened If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **resurrection** with an equivalent expression. Alternative translation: “God has already raised the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) @@ -159,12 +159,12 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2TI 2 19 y3bc figs-abstractnouns ἀποστήτω ἀπὸ ἀδικίας 1 must abstain from unrighteousness If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **unrighteousness** with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “must stop doing evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 2TI 2 20 p060 figs-metaphor ἐν μεγάλῃ δὲ οἰκίᾳ, οὐκ ἔστιν μόνον σκεύη χρυσᾶ καὶ ἀργυρᾶ, ἀλλὰ καὶ ξύλινα καὶ ὀστράκινα 1 Now in a great house, there are not only gold and silver containers, but also wood and clay To help Timothy understand something important about following Jesus, Paul introduces the metaphor of the containers that are in the home of a wealthy person. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this. Alternate translation: “Consider that in the home of a wealthy person, there are containers made of gold and silver, and there are also containers made of wood and clay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2TI 2 20 p061 figs-ellipsis ἀλλὰ καὶ ξύλινα καὶ ὀστράκινα 1 but also wood and clay Paul leaves out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. Alternate translation: “and there are also containers made of wood and clay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -2TI 2 20 j75l σκεύη 1 containers The word **container** is a general term for items used to hold food or drink. If your language does not have a general word, you can use a specific word such as “bowl” or “pot.” +2TI 2 20 j75l σκεύη 1 containers The word **container** is a general term for items used to hold food or drink. If your language does not have a general word, you can use a specific word such as “bowl” or “pot.” 2TI 2 20 mt5e figs-abstractnouns ἃ μὲν εἰς τιμὴν, ἃ δὲ εἰς ἀτιμίαν 1 both some for honor and some for dishonor If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the ideas behind the abstract nouns **honor** and **dishonor** with equivalent phrases. This could mean one of two things. (1) Alternate translation: “dishes both for special occasions and for ordinary times” (2) Alternate translation: “dishes both for use in public and for use in private” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 2TI 2 21 jm3p figs-metaphor ἐκκαθάρῃ ἑαυτὸν ἀπὸ τούτων 1 has cleansed himself from these Paul speaks figuratively of a person washing himself to indicate giving up certain associations or activities. This could mean one of two things. (1) The word **these** could refer to the false teachers who are destroying the faith of some people. Alternate translation: “these false teachers” (2) The word **these** could refer to the quarrelling and false teaching that Paul has warned Timothy about. Alternate translation: “these ungodly actions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2TI 2 21 g79f figs-metaphor ἔσται σκεῦος εἰς τιμήν 1 he will be a container for honor Paul speaks figuratively of a person who has given up these associations or activities as if he were a particular kind of container. Alternate translation: “he will be like a dish for special occasions” or “he will be like a dish for use in public” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2TI 2 21 p062 figs-explicit ἔσται σκεῦος εἰς τιμήν 1 he will be a container for honor The implication is that God will be able to give important assignments to a person who is free from wrong associations or activities. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “he will be someone to whom God can give important assignments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -2TI 2 21 mh63 ἡγιασμένον εὔχρηστον τῷ Δεσπότῃ, εἰς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ἡτοιμασμένον 1 having been sanctified, useful to the Master, having been prepared for every good work These three expressions could relate in one of two ways to the phrase **he will be a container for honor**. (1) They could be a further description of such a person. Alternate translation: “someone who is sanctified, useful to the Master, and ready for every good work” (2) They could be explaining the reason why the person is ready for honorable use. Alternate translation: “because he is sanctified, because he is useful to the Maser, and because he is ready for every good work” +2TI 2 21 mh63 ἡγιασμένον εὔχρηστον τῷ Δεσπότῃ, εἰς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ἡτοιμασμένον 1 having been sanctified, useful to the Master, having been prepared for every good work These three expressions could relate in one of two ways to the phrase **he will be a container for honor**. (1) They could be a further description of such a person. Alternate translation: “someone who is sanctified, useful to the Master, and ready for every good work” (2) They could be explaining the reason why the person is ready for honorable use. Alternate translation: “because he is sanctified, because he is useful to the Maser, and because he is ready for every good work” 2TI 2 21 p063 figs-activepassive ἡγιασμένον 1 having been sanctified If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea, and you can say who did the action. Alternate translation: “whom God has set apart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 2TI 2 21 nl5d figs-metaphor ἡγιασμένον 1 having been sanctified If this phrase is continuing the metaphor of objects in a house, then Paul is referring to a person who is free from wrong associations or activities as if he were a precious object whose owner keeps it in a special place. Whether this phrase is continuing the metaphor or not, it still expresses the idea of being “dedicated” for a special purpose. Alternate translation: “whom God has set apart for a special purpose” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2TI 2 21 p064 figs-metaphor εὔχρηστον τῷ Δεσπότῃ 1 useful to the Master In the context of the metaphor of the house, Paul speaks of God figuratively as the head of the household. Alternate translation: “useful to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2TI 2 22 p066 figs-metonymy τὰς…νεωτερικὰς ἐπιθυμίας φεῦγε 1 flee youthful lusts Paul speaks figuratively of immoral activities by association with the desires that lead a person to engage in them. Alternate translation: “Refuse to do the wrong things that young people want to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2TI 2 22 srb7 figs-metaphor δίωκε δὲ δικαιοσύνην, πίστιν, ἀγάπην, εἰρήνην 1 and pursue righteousness, faith, love, and peace Paul is using the verb **pursue** in contrast to **flee**. He speaks of these positive things as if Timothy should run towards them because they will do him good. Alternate translation: “Be eager to do what is right, to believe in God, to love other people, and to live peacefully with other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2TI 2 22 p067 figs-abstractnouns δικαιοσύνην, πίστιν, ἀγάπην, εἰρήνην 1 righteousness, faith, love, and peace If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the ideas behind the abstract nouns **righteousness**, **faith**, **love**, and **peace** with equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “do what is right, believe in God, love other people, and live peacefully with other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -2TI 2 22 hg99 μετὰ τῶν ἐπικαλουμένων τὸν Κύριον ἐκ καθαρᾶς καρδίας 1 with those who call on the Lord from a clean heart This likely means that Paul wants Timothy to pursue these positive things together with others who are sincere in their faith. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could put this phrase at the beginning of Paul’s command to Timothy, before **pursue**. Alternate translation: “together with those who worship the Lord with sincere intentions” +2TI 2 22 hg99 μετὰ τῶν ἐπικαλουμένων τὸν Κύριον ἐκ καθαρᾶς καρδίας 1 with those who call on the Lord from a clean heart This likely means that Paul wants Timothy to pursue these positive things together with others who are sincere in their faith. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could put this phrase at the beginning of Paul’s command to Timothy, before **pursue**. Alternate translation: “together with those who worship the Lord with sincere intentions” 2TI 2 22 gl3q figs-idiom τῶν ἐπικαλουμένων τὸν Κύριον 1 those who call on the Lord The expression **call on the Lord** is an idiom that means to trust and worship the Lord. Alternate translation: “those who worship the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 2TI 2 22 p068 figs-metonymy ἐκ καθαρᾶς καρδίας 1 from a clean heart Paul uses a physical part of the body, the **heart**, figuratively to represent the intentions and desires of a person. Alternate translation: “with sincere intentions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2TI 2 22 b2ti figs-metaphor ἐκ καθαρᾶς καρδίας 1 from a clean heart Paul uses the word **clean** to describe the intentions or thoughts of a person as though they were an object that could be made clean. Alternate translation: “with sincere intentions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -184,9 +184,9 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2TI 2 24 p071 figs-metaphor δοῦλον…Κυρίου 1 the servant of the Lord Paul is using the expression **servant of the Lord** figuratively to refer to leaders in the church, including Timothy, who teach and must interact with the quarrelsome teachers who challenge their authority and the truth. Alternate translation: “a leader in the church” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2TI 2 24 p072 figs-metaphor οὐ δεῖ μάχεσθαι 1 must not battle Paul uses the term **battle** figuratively to describe arguments. Alternate translation: “must not argue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2TI 2 25 un9l figs-abstractnouns ἐν πραΰτητι 1 in meekness If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **meekness** in this expression with an adverb. Alternate translation: “meekly” or “gently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -2TI 2 25 u6rp παιδεύοντα 1 educating Paul presents this as the godly response to quarrels. This term can mean “teach” or “correct.” Alternate translation: “teaching” or “correcting” +2TI 2 25 u6rp παιδεύοντα 1 educating Paul presents this as the godly response to quarrels. This term can mean “teach” or “correct.” Alternate translation: “teaching” or “correcting” 2TI 2 25 jt1r figs-metaphor μήποτε δώῃ αὐτοῖς ὁ Θεὸς μετάνοιαν 1 God may perhaps give them repentance Paul speaks of **repentance** as if it were an object that God could give people. Alternate translation: “God may cause them to repent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -2TI 2 25 u8dy εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας 1 for the knowledge of the truth Paul speaks of the result of *repentance** as knowing the truth. Alternate translation: “so that they will know the truth” +2TI 2 25 u8dy εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας 1 for the knowledge of the truth Paul speaks of the result of *repentance** as knowing the truth. Alternate translation: “so that they will know the truth” 2TI 2 26 p073 figs-ellipsis ἀνανήψωσιν ἐκ τῆς τοῦ διαβόλου παγίδος 1 they may become sober again from the trap of the devil As Paul moves from one metaphor into another, he leaves out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. Alternate translation: “they may become sober again and escape from the trap of the devil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) 2TI 2 26 ef3q figs-metaphor ἀνανήψωσιν 1 they may become sober again Paul speaks of sinners learning to think correctly about God as if they were drunk people becoming sober again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2TI 2 26 mql8 figs-metaphor ἐκ τῆς τοῦ διαβόλου παγίδος 1 from the trap of the devil Paul refers to the deception of the devil as a physical trap that sinners are captured in. Alternate translation: “and escape from the devil’s deception” or “and reject the devil’s deception” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -196,11 +196,11 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2TI 3 1 g65r figs-idiom ἐν ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις 1 in the last days Paul is using the term **days** figuratively to refer to a particular time. Alternate translation: “during the period of time before the end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 2TI 3 1 n7gs figs-explicit ἐνστήσονται καιροὶ χαλεποί 1 there will be difficult times The implication from what Paul goes on to say about people becoming ungodly and violent is that it will be difficult for believers in this time period. Alternate translation: “Christians will face difficult situations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 2TI 3 2 p075 figs-gendernotations οἱ ἄνθρωποι 1 men Here Paul is using the term **men** in a generic sense that includes all people. Alternate translation: “people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -2TI 3 2 jb27 φίλαυτοι 1 self-loving Here **self-loving** refers to loving oneself more than family or friends with a natural human love. This is not the kind of love that comes from God. Alternate translation: “self-centered” -2TI 3 3 u3n7 ἄστοργοι 1 unloving The term **unloving** means that they will not love other people whom they should love. Alternate translation: “They will not love their own families” -2TI 3 3 r2uv ἄσπονδοι 1 irreconcilable The term **irreconcilable** means they will not agree to make peace with others and insist on living in a state of conflict. Alternate translation: “They will not agree with anyone” or “They will not live in peace with anyone” -2TI 3 3 ks9y ἀφιλάγαθοι 1 not good-loving The phrase **not good-loving** could be translated with **not** and **loving** expressed with the positive term “hating.” Alternate translation: “They will hate what is good” -2TI 3 4 dw5z προπετεῖς 1 reckless The adjective **reckless** conveys the idea of doing things without thinking about the negative things that could happen as a result. Alternate translation: “heedless of consequences” +2TI 3 2 jb27 φίλαυτοι 1 self-loving Here **self-loving** refers to loving oneself more than family or friends with a natural human love. This is not the kind of love that comes from God. Alternate translation: “self-centered” +2TI 3 3 u3n7 ἄστοργοι 1 unloving The term **unloving** means that they will not love other people whom they should love. Alternate translation: “They will not love their own families” +2TI 3 3 r2uv ἄσπονδοι 1 irreconcilable The term **irreconcilable** means they will not agree to make peace with others and insist on living in a state of conflict. Alternate translation: “They will not agree with anyone” or “They will not live in peace with anyone” +2TI 3 3 ks9y ἀφιλάγαθοι 1 not good-loving The phrase **not good-loving** could be translated with **not** and **loving** expressed with the positive term “hating.” Alternate translation: “They will hate what is good” +2TI 3 4 dw5z προπετεῖς 1 reckless The adjective **reckless** conveys the idea of doing things without thinking about the negative things that could happen as a result. Alternate translation: “heedless of consequences” 2TI 3 4 d6ng figs-metaphor τετυφωμένοι 1 puffed up The expression **puffed up** is a metaphor for being proud and considering oneself better than others. Alternate translation: “haughty” or “conceited” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2TI 3 4 p076 figs-activepassive τετυφωμένοι 1 puffed up If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “haughty” or “conceited” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 2TI 3 5 k5dc figs-idiom ἔχοντες μόρφωσιν εὐσεβείας 1 having a form of godliness The expression **a form of** indicates that their **godliness** is not genuine or true. Alternate translation: “appearing to have godliness” or “appearing to honor God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) @@ -208,21 +208,21 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2TI 3 5 p078 figs-nominaladj τούτους ἀποτρέπου 1 turn away from these The term **these** is a demonstrative adjective that refers to the people who show the ungodly qualities that Paul lists in the previous verses. Paul is using the term as a noun. If your language does not use adjectives in that way, you can add the word “people” in your translation. Alternate translation: “avoid these people” or “avoid such people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) 2TI 3 5 xm1c figs-metaphor τούτους ἀποτρέπου 1 turn away from these The expression **turn away** is a metaphor for avoiding someone. Alternate translation: “avoid these people” or “avoid such people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2TI 3 6 gu4b figs-metaphor αἰχμαλωτίζοντες 1 captivating Here Paul uses the term **captivating** figuratively to mean greatly influencing someone by the use of deception. Alternate translation: “manipulating” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -2TI 3 6 u9m5 γυναικάρια 1 foolish women The term **foolish women** refers to women who are spiritually weak and immature. They allow these men into their homes and listen to them because they are weak, idle, and have many sins. Alternate translation: “women who are spiritually weak” +2TI 3 6 u9m5 γυναικάρια 1 foolish women The term **foolish women** refers to women who are spiritually weak and immature. They allow these men into their homes and listen to them because they are weak, idle, and have many sins. Alternate translation: “women who are spiritually weak” 2TI 3 6 e9ex figs-metaphor σεσωρευμένα ἁμαρτίαις 1 who are loaded with sins Paul speaks figuratively of these **sins** as if they were heaped up on the backs of these women. Paul is explaining why these men can easily influence these women. This could mean one of two things. (1) These women sin often or even continually. Alternate translation: “who sin often” (2) These women feel terrible guilt because they sin. Alternate translation: “who feel terrible guilt for their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2TI 3 6 p079 figs-activepassive σεσωρευμένα ἁμαρτίαις 1 who are loaded with sins If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “who sin often” or “who feel terrible guilt for their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 2TI 3 6 p080 figs-activepassive ἀγόμενα ἐπιθυμίαις ποικίλαις 1 led away by various desires If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “various desires lead them away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 2TI 3 6 izz9 figs-personification ἀγόμενα ἐπιθυμίαις ποικίλαις 1 led away by various desires Paul speaks figuratively about these **various desires** as if they could lead a person away. He means that the women decide to do evil things in order to satisfy their desires. Alternate translation: “they decide to sin in various ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 2TI 3 6 p081 figs-explicit ἀγόμενα ἐπιθυμίαις ποικίλαις 1 led away by various desires The implication is that the women decide to sin with the men who are influencing them and deceiving them. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “they decide to sin in various ways with these evil men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 2TI 3 7 p082 figs-metaphor μηδέποτε εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας ἐλθεῖν δυνάμενα 1 never able to come to the knowledge of the truth Paul speaks figuratively of the **knowledge of the truth** as if it were a destination at which people could arrive. Alternate translation: “never able to understand the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -2TI 3 8 p083 ὃν τρόπον δὲ 1 And what way Alternate translation: “In the same way that” +2TI 3 8 p083 ὃν τρόπον δὲ 1 And what way Alternate translation: “In the same way that” 2TI 3 8 b8el translate-names Ἰάννης καὶ Ἰαμβρῆς 1 Jannes and Jambres These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 2TI 3 8 p084 figs-explicit Ἰάννης καὶ Ἰαμβρῆς 1 Jannes and Jambres Paul assumes that Timothy will know that these were the magicians in Pharaoh’s court who tried to duplicate the miracles that Moses was doing to show that Pharaoh did not have to obey Yahweh. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could identify them more explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jannes and Jambres, Pharaoh’s magicians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 2TI 3 8 p085 figs-nominaladj οὗτοι 1 these As in [3:5](../03/05.md), the term **these** is a demonstrative adjective that refers to the people who show the ungodly qualities that Paul has described. Paul is using the term as a noun. If your language does not use adjectives in that way, you can add the word “people” in your translation. Alternate translation: “these people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) 2TI 3 8 p086 figs-abstractnouns τῇ ἀληθείᾳ 1 the truth If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **truth** with an adjective. Alternate translation: “what is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 2TI 3 8 g4kk figs-metonymy ἄνθρωποι κατεφθαρμένοι τὸν νοῦν 1 men whose mind is corrupted Paul uses the word **mind** to refer to the way these evil men think. Alternate translation: “men who cannot think rightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2TI 3 8 p087 figs-activepassive ἄνθρωποι κατεφθαρμένοι τὸν νοῦν 1 men whose mind is corrupted If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “men who cannot think rightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -2TI 3 8 pfh1 ἀδόκιμοι περὶ τὴν πίστιν 1 unapproved regarding the faith Paul uses the adjective **unapproved** to convey the idea that these men have been tested regarding how well they trust in Christ and obey him, and they have failed the test. Alternate translation: “without sincere faith” or “whose faith is not genuine” +2TI 3 8 pfh1 ἀδόκιμοι περὶ τὴν πίστιν 1 unapproved regarding the faith Paul uses the adjective **unapproved** to convey the idea that these men have been tested regarding how well they trust in Christ and obey him, and they have failed the test. Alternate translation: “without sincere faith” or “whose faith is not genuine” 2TI 3 9 c6xx figs-metaphor οὐ προκόψουσιν ἐπὶ πλεῖον 1 they will not advance unto more Paul uses an expression about physical movement to mean that the false teachers will not have much success among the believers. Alternate translation: “they will not have much success” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2TI 3 9 mv4j figs-hyperbole ἡ…ἄνοια αὐτῶν ἔκδηλος ἔσται πᾶσιν 1 their foolishness will be obvious to all The word **all** is a generalization. Paul has just said that these men will have a little success in deceiving some people. But ultimately their foolishness will become widely apparent, as happened to Jannes and Jambres, who were publicly discredited when they were not able to equal the powerful miracles of Moses. Alternate translation: “their foolishness will become widely apparent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) 2TI 3 9 z4fu figs-nominaladj ἐκείνων 1 of those The term **those** is a demonstrative adjective that refers to Jannes and Jambres. Paul is using the term as a noun. If your language does not use adjectives in that way, you can supply the names of the two men. Alternate translation: “of Jannes and Jambres” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) @@ -235,12 +235,12 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2TI 3 10 p090 figs-abstractnouns μου…τῇ ἀγάπῃ 1 my love If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **love** with a relative clause. Alternative translation: “how I love others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 2TI 3 10 p091 figs-abstractnouns μου…τῇ ὑπομονῇ 1 my patience If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **love** with a relative clause. Alternative translation: “how I am patient with others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 2TI 3 11 p092 translate-names ἐν Ἀντιοχείᾳ, ἐν Ἰκονίῳ, ἐν Λύστροις 1 in Antioch, in Iconium, in Lystra These are the names of three cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -2TI 3 11 p093 οἵους διωγμοὺς ὑπήνεγκα 1 what kind of persecutions I endured Paul is reminding Timothy that he knows of the various ways in which Paul suffered and how he endured until God rescued him. Alternate translation: “how I endured various persecutions” +2TI 3 11 p093 οἵους διωγμοὺς ὑπήνεγκα 1 what kind of persecutions I endured Paul is reminding Timothy that he knows of the various ways in which Paul suffered and how he endured until God rescued him. Alternate translation: “how I endured various persecutions” 2TI 3 11 r9vk figs-metaphor ἐκ πάντων με ἐρρύσατο ὁ Κύριος 1 the Lord rescued me from them all Paul speaks figuratively as if God had physically removed him from a situation of danger. Alternate translation: “the Lord preserved me through them all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -2TI 3 12 ke7f ζῆν εὐσεβῶς 1 to live piously The term **piously** means to live in an obedient way that honors God. Alternate translation: “to live in a way that honors God” +2TI 3 12 ke7f ζῆν εὐσεβῶς 1 to live piously The term **piously** means to live in an obedient way that honors God. Alternate translation: “to live in a way that honors God” 2TI 3 12 xm9l figs-activepassive διωχθήσονται 1 will be persecuted If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “people will persecute” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 2TI 3 13 p094 figs-gendernotations ἄνθρωποι 1 men Here Paul is using the term **men** in a generic sense that includes all people. Alternate translation: “people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -2TI 3 13 s7f2 γόητες 1 impostors The term **impostor** refers here to a person who wants other people to think he is a true Christian when he is not. Alternate translation: “people who are pretending to be Christians” +2TI 3 13 s7f2 γόητες 1 impostors The term **impostor** refers here to a person who wants other people to think he is a true Christian when he is not. Alternate translation: “people who are pretending to be Christians” 2TI 3 13 imc8 figs-metaphor προκόψουσιν ἐπὶ τὸ χεῖρον 1 will advance unto the worse Paul speaks figuratively of evil people and their character as something that moves forward physically, making gradual progress in a direction. Alternate translation: “will become worse and worse” or “will become even more evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2TI 3 13 p095 figs-idiom ἐπὶ τὸ χεῖρον 1 unto the worse This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “worse and worse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 2TI 3 13 eyx5 figs-metaphor πλανῶντες καὶ πλανώμενοι 1 leading astray and being led astray The expression **leading astray** uses the image of physically taking a person to a place that he didn’t think he was going to. This is a figurative reference to persuading someone to believe something that is not true. Alternate translation: “teaching lies and believing lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) @@ -250,12 +250,12 @@ Book Chapter Verse ID SupportReference OrigQuote Occurrence GLQuote OccurrenceNo 2TI 3 15 w9l5 figs-personification τὰ δυνάμενά σε σοφίσαι 1 which are able to make you wise Paul speaks of the Scriptures as if they were a teacher who could instruct people and help them become wise. It may be convenient in your translation to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “By studying them you can become wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 2TI 3 15 p098 figs-abstractnouns εἰς σωτηρίαν διὰ πίστεως τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ 1 for salvation through the faith that is in Christ Jesus If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **salvation** with a verb such as “save.” Alternate translation: “so that you will know enough to trust Christ Jesus to save you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 2TI 3 16 s274 figs-metaphor πᾶσα Γραφὴ θεόπνευστος 1 All Scripture is God-breathed The term **God-breathed** uses the image of breathing to indicate that the Scriptures come directly from God through his Spirit. Characteristically in the Bible the breath of God represents the Spirit of God. Alternate translation: “God produced the Scriptures as his Spirit directed people what to write” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -2TI 3 16 uv35 ὠφέλιμος 1 is profitable Paul refers to the Scriptures as **profitable** to convey the idea that Timothy and all believers will benefit when they use the Scriptures to teach, reprove, correct, and train. Alternate translation: “you will benefit from them as you use them” +2TI 3 16 uv35 ὠφέλιμος 1 is profitable Paul refers to the Scriptures as **profitable** to convey the idea that Timothy and all believers will benefit when they use the Scriptures to teach, reprove, correct, and train. Alternate translation: “you will benefit from them as you use them” 2TI 3 16 vl2n figs-abstractnouns πρὸς ἐλεγμόν 1 for reproof Paul instructs Timothy to use the Scriptures as the standard for knowing what is right and wrong and showing people that they are wrong. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **reproof** with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “for showing people that they are wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 2TI 3 16 e5h9 figs-abstractnouns πρὸς ἐπανόρθωσιν 1 for correction Paul instructs Timothy to use the Scriptures as the standard for showing people how to make something right. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **correction** with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “for showing people how to make things right” or “for showing how to fix errors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 2TI 3 16 y1hf figs-abstractnouns πρὸς παιδείαν τὴν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ 1 for the training that is in righteousness Paul instructs Timothy to use the Scriptures as the standard for training people how to live lives that are right with God. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **righteousness** with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “for training people how to do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 2TI 3 17 nb12 figs-gendernotations ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος 1 the man of God This expression could mean one of two things. (1) Paul could be using it to refer to Timothy as the leader of his congregation, to encourage him to use the Scriptures in his teaching. Alternate translation: “you, man of God” (2) Paul could be using the word **man** in a generic sense that includes all believers in God, whether male or female. Alternate translation: “the person who serves God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) -2TI 3 17 uu7i ἄρτιος 1 proficient Alternative translation: “fully capable” +2TI 3 17 uu7i ἄρτιος 1 proficient Alternative translation: “fully capable” 2TI 3 17 p099 figs-activepassive ἐξηρτισμένος 1 equipped If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “and have everything he needs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 2TI 4 intro k2xa 0 # 2 Timothy 04 General Notes
## Structure and formatting

### “I adjure you”
Paul gives personal instructions to Timothy.

## Special concepts in this chapter

### Crown
Scripture uses different kinds of crowns as images for different things. It appears Christ will award the crown in this chapter to believers as a reward and confirmation for living rightly. 2TI 4 1 eh3x διαμαρτύρομαι 1 I adjure you Alternate translation: “I want you to swear an oath”