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finish ex 31 (#2139)
Co-authored-by: deferredreward <deferredreward@noreply.door43.org> Co-authored-by: Benjamin Wright <benjamin.wright@unfoldingword.org> Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/2139 Co-authored-by: Benjamin Wright <deferredreward@noreply.door43.org> Co-committed-by: Benjamin Wright <deferredreward@noreply.door43.org>
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@ -1734,9 +1734,9 @@ EXO 24 16 27l1 translate-ordinal בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ
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EXO 24 17 e4n6 figs-simile כְּאֵ֥שׁ אֹכֶ֖לֶת 1 like a devouring fire This means the glory of Yahweh was very large and seemed to burn brightly like a fire. Alternate translation: “like a big fire burning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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EXO 24 17 k5lj figs-metaphor לְעֵינֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל 1 in the eyes of the Israelites Their eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents their thoughts or judgment about they saw. Alternate translation: “to the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 24 18 h1wy translate-numbers אַרְבָּעִ֣ים י֔וֹם וְאַרְבָּעִ֖ים לָֽיְלָה 1 forty days and forty nights “40 days and 40 nights” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
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EXO 25 intro t23a 0 # Exodus 25 General Notes<br><br>## Structure:<br><br>* v. 1-7: Instructions for gifts the Israelites may give to help build the place where they will worship God<br>* v. 8-9: Introductory building instructions<br>* v. 10-22: Instructions for building the box of the testimony<br>* v. 23-30: Instructions for building the table<br>* v. 31-39: Instructions for building the lampstand<br>* v. 40: Summary instruction<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>* The tent of meeting and box of the testimony are introduced in this chapter.<br>* Translators will need to take special care when translating the concept of atonement.<br><br>## Potential translation issues in this chapter:<br><br>* There are many unfamiliar items in this chapter. Fortunately, they are almost all physical items. Translators will have to try to understand what each item is and translate it into the closest equivalent in their culture. It may be helpful for translators to try to find images depicting some of the items the Israelites were to make.<br>* There are some biblical weights and measurements that translators may not have encountered before.<br>* From [verse 11](../25/11.md) until the end of chapter 30, almost every instruction regarding the construction of the tent of meeting and all the associated items are given with a singular form of “you,” as if Moses himself would make them. However, it is clear and made explicit in [chapter 31](../31/01.md) that certain skilled craftsmen would receive these instructions from Moses and make these items. In some languages you may need to change from second to third person throughout, following the pattern in [25:10](../25/10.md). There are a few exceptions, which will have their own notes. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]].
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EXO 25 2 ygtd figs-quotemarks דַּבֵּר֙ 1 who is motivated by a willing heart At the beginning of this verse, a direct quote begins that continues until the end of [Exo 30:10](../30/10.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 25 2 tktu figs-quotations דַּבֵּר֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְיִקְחוּ־לִ֖י תְּרוּמָ֑ה 1 who is motivated by a willing heart In some languages you may have to make **and they shall take a contribution for me** a direct quote. Note that this will make it a second-level quotation, and you will need to mark it with second-level quotation marking, if your language uses them. Alternate translation: “Say to the sons of Israel, ‘You shall take a contribution for me.’ ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
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EXO 25 intro t23a 0 # Exodus 25 General Notes<br>## Structure:<br>- v. 1-7: Instructions for gifts the Israelites may give to help build the place they will worship God<br>- v. 8-9: Introductory building instructions<br>- v. 10-22: Instructions for building the Box of the Testimony<br>- v. 23-30: Instructions for building the table<br>- v. 31-39: Instructions for building the lampstand<br>- v. 40: Summary instruction<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>- The tent of meeting and Box of the Testimony are introduced in this chapter.<br>- Translators will need to take care translating the concept of atonement.<br><br><br>## Potential translation issues in this chapter:<br>- There are many unfamiliar items in this chapter. Fortunately they are mostly all physical items. Translators will have to try to understand what each item is and translate it into the closest equivalent in their culture. It may be helpful for translators to try to find images depicting some of the items the Israelites were to make.<br>- There are some biblical weights and measurements that translators may not have encountered before.<br>- From [verse 11](../25/11.md) until the end of chapter 30 almost every instruction regarding the construction of the tent of meeting and all the associated items are given with a singular form of “you” as if Moses himself would make them. However, it is clear and made explicit in [chapter 31](../31/01.md) that certain skilled craftsmen will receive these instructions from Moses and make these items. In some languages you may need to change from second to third person throughout, following the pattern in [25:10](../25/10.md). There are a few exceptions which will have their own note. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youcrowd]].<br>
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EXO 25 2 ygtd figs-quotemarks דַּבֵּר֙ 1 who is motivated by a willing heart At the beginning of this verse, a direct quote begins that continues until the end of [Exo 30:10](../30/10.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 25 2 tktu figs-quotations דַּבֵּר֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְיִקְחוּ־לִ֖י תְּרוּמָ֑ה 1 who is motivated by a willing heart In some languages you may have to make **and they shall take a contribution for me** a direct quote. Note that this will make it a second-level quotation and you will need to mark it with second-level quotation marking if your language uses them. Alternate translation: “Say to the sons of Israel, ‘You shall take a contribution for me.’ ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
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EXO 25 2 r5yr figs-idiom אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִדְּבֶ֣נּוּ לִבּ֔וֹ 1 who is motivated by a willing heart This is an idiom that indicates a person’s desire to give an offering. Alternate translation: “who wants to give one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 25 2 k78q figs-youdual תִּקְח֖וּ 1 You must receive The word **you** is plural and refers to Moses and the leaders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
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EXO 25 4 c1qn figs-explicit וּתְכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י 1 blue, purple, and scarlet material Possible meanings are (1) “material that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet,” probably wool yarn, or (2) “blue, purple and scarlet dye” to dye the linen. The original audience would have known what was meant. This material seems to have been used for embroidery later, so “yarn” or ”thread” may be the best understanding. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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@ -2026,104 +2026,98 @@ EXO 29 43 ic8i figs-activepassive וְנִקְדַּ֖שׁ בִּכְבֹ
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EXO 29 45 zcs1 1 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
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EXO 30 intro z3yc 0 # Exodus 30 General Notes<br>This chapter is mostly a return to instructions for building worship equipment for the sacred tent.<br>The forms of you are mostly singular, however, they again refer to the workmen that Moses will instruct so you should return to whatever form you have been following in chapters 25-28.<br><br><br>## Structure:<br>- v. 1-10: Incense altar<br> - v. 1-6: Instructions for making the incense altar<br> - v. 7-10: Use of the incense altar <br>- v. 11-16: Ransom money for taking a census<br>- v. 17-21: Instructions for a washbasin<br>- v. 22-30: Anointing oil<br> - v. 22-25: Instructions for making the oil<br> - v. 26-33: Instructions for using the oil<br>v- 34-38: Making and using sacred incense<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Atonement<br>Through the offering of blood and money things and people were kept in God’s favor. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]])<br><br><br>### Holiness<br>Some items in this chapter became so holy that they could make other things holy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])<br><br><br>### Unknown terms<br>There are a number of ingredient terms that are unknown even to scholars.
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EXO 30 1 r1f4 1 General Information: Yahweh tells Moses how to build the worship equipment.
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EXO 30 1 v8vb figs-you וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ 1 You must make Here **you** refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
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EXO 30 2 w56e translate-unknown קַרְנֹתָֽיו 1 Its horns must be made See how you translated **horns** in [Exodus 27:2](../27/02.md)
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EXO 30 2 a39m translate-bdistance אַמָּ֨ה … וְאַמָּ֤ה … וְאַמָּתַ֖יִם 1 Its horns must be made You can convert these lengths to a measurement system familiar to your people if that is the style of translation that you are using. A **cubit** is approximately 46cm. For your reference, a more precise conversion to metric is: 46cm … 46cm … 94cm (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
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EXO 30 1 v8vb figs-you וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ 1 You must make Here **you** refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
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EXO 30 2 w56e translate-unknown קַרְנֹתָֽיו 1 Its horns must be made See how you translated **horns** in [Exodus 27:2](../27/02.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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EXO 30 2 a39m translate-bdistance אַמָּ֨ה … וְאַמָּ֤ה … וְאַמָּתַ֖יִם 1 Its horns must be made You can convert these lengths to a measurement system familiar to your people if that is the style of translation that you are using. A **cubit** is approximately 46cm. For your reference, a more precise conversion to metric is: 46cm … 46cm … 94cm (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
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EXO 30 3 d3uu 1 General Information: This verse is very similar to [Exodus 25:11](../25/11.md), see how you translated there.
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EXO 30 4 qyg4 1 to be attached to it You may want to refer back to several other passages regarding making rings for carrying poles when translating this verse. See [Exo 25:12](../25/12.md), [Exo 25:26](../25/26.md), [Exo 25:27](../25/27.md), & [Exo 27:4](../27/04.md).
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EXO 30 4 bvxi figs-idiom לְבָתִּ֣ים 1 to be attached to it Here, **housings** means that the rings will hold the poles. Since they are where the poles belong for use, they are figuratively their **house.** If you have a similar idiom meaning “place of belonging” you may use it or you may translate the idea. Alternate translation: “to be a place for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 30 6 ulvn figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֣י …לִפְנֵ֣י 1 to be attached to it Here, **before the face of** means in front of.
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EXO 30 6 e87s figs-you לְךָ֖ 1 to be attached to it Here **you** refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
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EXO 30 4 bvxi figs-idiom לְבָתִּ֣ים 1 to be attached to it Here, **housings** means that the rings will hold the poles. Since they are where the poles belong for use, they are figuratively their **house.** If you have a similar idiom meaning “place of belonging” you may use it or you may translate the idea. Alternate translation: “to be a place for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 30 6 ulvn figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֣י …לִפְנֵ֣י 1 to be attached to it Here, **before the face of** means in front of. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 30 6 e87s figs-you לְךָ֖ 1 to be attached to it Here **you** refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
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EXO 30 7 o1zo בַּבֹּ֣קֶר בַּבֹּ֗קֶר 1 General Information: “each morning” or “daily, in the morning”
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EXO 30 7 l2rl בְּהֵיטִיב֛וֹ אֶת־הַנֵּרֹ֖ת 1 General Information: The lamps had burned overnight and weren't needed during the day so he would put them out and do whatever maintenance was required for them to be ready in the evening. Alternate translation: “trims the lamps”
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EXO 30 8 nrgk וּבְהַעֲלֹ֨ת אַהֲרֹ֧ן אֶת־הַנֵּרֹ֛ת 1 throughout your generations This may indicate that in the morning Aaron had taken the lamps down and he would light them and then put them up on the holders in the evening.
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EXO 30 8 sq7x figs-idiom בֵּ֥ין הָעֲרְבַּ֖יִם 1 throughout your generations The exact meaning of this phrase is debated. See how you translated it in [29:39](../29/39.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 30 8 qm7i לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶֽם 1 throughout your generations “through all the generations of your descendants.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:14](../12/14.md).
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EXO 30 9 ckf9 לֹא־תַעֲל֥וּ עָלָ֛יו קְטֹ֥רֶת זָרָ֖ה וְעֹלָ֣ה וּמִנְחָ֑ה 1 But you must offer Later, in [verses 34](../30/34.md) and following, God describes how to make the one sort of incense that he wants burnt on this altar. Alternate translation: “You shall only offer up the kind of incense I tell you. You shall not make burnt or grain offerings on it.”
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EXO 30 10 dgny grammar-connect-logic-goal קֹֽדֶשׁ־קָֽדָשִׁ֥ים ה֖וּא לַיהוָֽה 1 horns This last clause defines the purpose of the ritual described in this verse. See [Exo 29:37](../29/37.md). Alternate translation: “This is to make it holy of holies to Yahweh.”
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EXO 30 10 k6xk קַרְנֹתָ֔יו 1 horns These were projections that looked like ox horns attached to the four corners of the altar. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:2](../27/02.md).
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EXO 30 10 san2 לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם 1 throughout your generations “through all the generations of your descendants.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:14](../12/14.md).
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EXO 30 10 dgny grammar-connect-logic-goal קֹֽדֶשׁ־קָֽדָשִׁ֥ים ה֖וּא לַיהוָֽה 1 horns This last clause defines the purpose of the ritual described in this verse. See [Exo 29:37](../29/37.md). Alternate translation: “This is to make it holy of holies to Yahweh.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
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EXO 30 10 k6xk קַרְנֹתָ֔יו 1 horns These were projections that looked like ox horns attached to the four corners of the altar. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:2](../27/02.md).
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EXO 30 10 san2 לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם 1 throughout your generations “through all the generations of your descendants.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:14](../12/14.md).
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EXO 30 10 uxb4 figs-quotemarks לַיהוָֽה 1 throughout your generations After **Yahweh**, the direct quote that began in [Exo 25:2](../25/02.md) ends. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing first-level quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 30 12 dprx figs-idiom תִשָּׂ֞א אֶת־רֹ֥אשׁ 1 When you take In this context, **lift up the head** means to take a census. Alternate translation: “take a census”
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EXO 30 12 s73c figs-you תִשָּׂ֞א 1 When you take Possible meanings are (1) **you** refers to Moses and the leaders of Israel in future generations when they take a census or (2) **you** refers to just Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
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EXO 30 12 k5p1 אִ֣ישׁ 1 a census of the Israelites The leaders only counted the Israelite men.
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EXO 30 13 y1kn figs-idiom כָּל־הָעֹבֵר֙ עַל־הַפְּקֻדִ֔ים 1 half a shekel of silver This is an idiom that suggests that the men were counted by walking past someone who was counting people as they walked by. Alternate translation: “Everyone counted”
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EXO 30 13 i4wk translate-bweight הַשֶּׁ֖קֶל …בְּשֶׁ֣קֶל …גֵּרָה֙ הַשֶּׁ֔קֶל…הַשֶּׁ֔קֶל 1 half a shekel of silver These are units of weight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
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EXO 30 13 a2py translate-bmoney הַשֶּׁ֖קֶל …בְּשֶׁ֣קֶל …הַשֶּׁ֔קֶל…הַשֶּׁ֔קֶל 1 half a shekel of silver The **shekel** was used as both a weight and a unit of money. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
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EXO 30 12 dprx figs-idiom תִשָּׂ֞א אֶת־רֹ֥אשׁ 1 When you take In this context, **lift up the head** means to take a census. Alternate translation: “take a census” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 30 12 s73c figs-you תִשָּׂ֞א 1 When you take Possible meanings are (1) **you** refers to Moses and the leaders of Israel in future generations when they take a census or (2) **you** refers to just Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
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EXO 30 12 k5p1 אִ֣ישׁ 1 a census of the Israelites The leaders only counted the Israelite men.
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EXO 30 13 y1kn figs-idiom כָּל־הָעֹבֵר֙ עַל־הַפְּקֻדִ֔ים 1 half a shekel of silver This is an idiom that suggests that the men were counted by walking past someone who was counting people as they walked by. Alternate translation: “Everyone counted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 30 13 i4wk translate-bweight הַשֶּׁ֖קֶל …בְּשֶׁ֣קֶל …גֵּרָה֙ הַשֶּׁ֔קֶל…הַשֶּׁ֔קֶל 1 half a shekel of silver These are units of weight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
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EXO 30 13 a2py translate-bmoney הַשֶּׁ֖קֶל …בְּשֶׁ֣קֶל …הַשֶּׁ֔קֶל…הַשֶּׁ֔קֶל 1 half a shekel of silver The **shekel** was used as both a weight and a unit of money. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
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EXO 30 13 w3hx translate-fraction מַחֲצִ֥ית … מַחֲצִ֣ית 1 half a shekel of silver “1/2” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
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EXO 30 13 nfp6 בְּשֶׁ֣קֶל הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ עֶשְׂרִ֤ים גֵּרָה֙ הַשֶּׁ֔קֶל 1 according to the weight of the shekel of the sanctuary There were evidently shekels of more than one weight at the time. This specified which one was to be used.
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EXO 30 14 uqt6 figs-idiom כֹּ֗ל הָעֹבֵר֙ עַל־הַפְּקֻדִ֔ים 1 from twenty years old and up This is an idiom that suggests that the men were counted by walking past someone who was counting people as they walked by. It is the same phrase as in the [previous verse](../30/13.md). Alternate translation: “Everyone counted”
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EXO 30 14 uqt6 figs-idiom כֹּ֗ל הָעֹבֵר֙ עַל־הַפְּקֻדִ֔ים 1 from twenty years old and up This is an idiom that suggests that the men were counted by walking past someone who was counting people as they walked by. It is the same phrase as in the [previous verse](../30/13.md). Alternate translation: “Everyone counted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 30 14 vhim figs-idiom מִבֶּ֛ן עֶשְׂרִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה 1 from twenty years old and up This is an idiom that refers to age. See UST and how you translated the same idiom in [Exo 7:7](../07/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 30 14 k4h9 figs-metaphor מִבֶּ֛ן עֶשְׂרִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה וָמָ֑עְלָה 1 from twenty years old and up Larger numbers are spoken of as being up or above smaller numbers. Alternate translation: “from twenty years old and more” or “who is twenty years old or older” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 30 15 e8xa translate-bmoney מִֽמַּחֲצִ֖ית הַשָּׁ֑קֶל 1 the half shekel See how you translated this in [Exodus 3:13](../03/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
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EXO 30 15 ew8p figs-123person נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶֽם 1 the half shekel The plural form of you is used here. In many cases, since Yahweh is speaking to Moses about the people that will be counted, it may make more sense to change to the third person. However, Moses would be counted as well and would have to pay the ransom, so a form of you that could include Moses and all the other Israelite men would also be an appropriate translation. Alternate translation: “for their lives”
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EXO 30 15 ew8p figs-123person נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶֽם 1 the half shekel The plural form of you is used here. In many cases, since Yahweh is speaking to Moses about the people that will be counted, it may make more sense to change to the third person. However, Moses would be counted as well and would have to pay the ransom, so a form of you that could include Moses and all the other Israelite men would also be an appropriate translation. Alternate translation: “for their lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
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EXO 30 16 z6tn וְהָיָה֩ לִבְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל לְזִכָּרוֹן֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה לְכַפֵּ֖ר עַל־נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶֽם 1 It must be a reminder to the Israelites before me, to make atonement for your lives This sentence is very unclear. It is not clear who is being reminded of what. This could mean: (1) It will remind Yahweh that the Israelites have given money for their lives. Therefore he should welcome them. (2) It will remind the Israelites that they have given Yahweh money for their lives. Therefore he will welcome them.
|
||||
EXO 30 16 mwix figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 It must be a reminder to the Israelites before me, to make atonement for your lives Here, **face** figuratively represents the presence of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “before Yahweh”
|
||||
EXO 30 18 v88y translate-unknown כִּיּ֥וֹר נְחֹ֛שֶׁת 1 bronze basin “bronze bowl” or “bronze tub”
|
||||
EXO 30 18 bh82 וְכַנּ֥וֹ 1 a bronze stand This is what the basin would be put on.
|
||||
EXO 30 18 iq8n לְרָחְצָ֑ה 1 a basin for washing This phrase explains what the priests were to use the bronze basin for.
|
||||
EXO 30 19 ivb1 מִמֶּ֑נּוּ 1 water in it “in the water in the basin”
|
||||
EXO 30 20 dyku grammar-connect-logic-goal וְלֹ֣א יָמֻ֑תוּ 1 water in it The priests must wash in order to not die. If the goal of some action needs to be placed elsewhere in the structure of your language move it to the usual location.
|
||||
EXO 30 20 it0h grammar-connect-logic-goal וְלֹ֣א יָמֻ֑תוּ 1 water in it The priests must wash in order to not die. If the goal of some action needs to be placed elsewhere in the structure of your language move it to the usual location.
|
||||
EXO 30 16 mwix figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה 1 It must be a reminder to the Israelites before me, to make atonement for your lives Here, **face** figuratively represents the presence of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “before Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
EXO 30 18 v88y translate-unknown כִּיּ֥וֹר נְחֹ֛שֶׁת 1 bronze basin “bronze bowl” or “bronze tub” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||||
EXO 30 18 bh82 וְכַנּ֥וֹ 1 a bronze stand This is what the basin would be put on.
|
||||
EXO 30 18 iq8n לְרָחְצָ֑ה 1 a basin for washing This phrase explains what the priests were to use the bronze basin for.
|
||||
EXO 30 19 ivb1 מִמֶּ֑נּוּ 1 water in it “in the water in the basin”
|
||||
EXO 30 20 dyku grammar-connect-logic-goal וְלֹ֣א יָמֻ֑תוּ 1 water in it The priests must wash in order to not die. If the goal of some action needs to be placed elsewhere in the structure of your language move it to the usual location. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
|
||||
EXO 30 20 it0h grammar-connect-logic-goal וְלֹ֣א יָמֻ֑תוּ 1 water in it The priests must wash in order to not die. If the goal of some action needs to be placed elsewhere in the structure of your language move it to the usual location. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
|
||||
EXO 30 21 hp35 וְהָיְתָ֨ה לָהֶ֧ם חָק־עוֹלָ֛ם ל֥וֹ וּלְזַרְע֖וֹ לְדֹרֹתָֽם 1 for Aaron and his descendants throughout their people’s generations See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 12:17](../12/17.md).
|
||||
EXO 30 23 m9g7 translate-unknown בְּשָׂמִ֣ים 1 spices These are dried plants that people grind into a powder and put in oil or food to give it a nice smell or flavor. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:6](../25/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||||
EXO 30 23 zq43 figs-explicit חֲמֵ֣שׁ מֵא֔וֹת…חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים וּמָאתָ֑יִם…חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים וּמָאתָֽיִם 1 five hundred shekels…250 shekels [The next verse](../30/24.md) mentions that these are shekel weight measurements, you may want to include some indication of that here. Alternate translation: “500 shekels … 250 shekels … 250 shekels”
|
||||
EXO 30 23 m9g7 translate-unknown בְּשָׂמִ֣ים 1 spices These are dried plants that people grind into a powder and put in oil or food to give it a nice smell or flavor. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:6](../25/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||||
EXO 30 23 zq43 figs-explicit חֲמֵ֣שׁ מֵא֔וֹת…חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים וּמָאתָ֑יִם…חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים וּמָאתָֽיִם 1 five hundred shekels…250 shekels [The next verse](../30/24.md) mentions that these are shekel weight measurements, you may want to include some indication of that here. Alternate translation: “500 shekels … 250 shekels … 250 shekels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||||
EXO 30 23 xga2 translate-unknown וְקִנְּמָן 1 cinnamon…cane This is a sweet spice taken from the inside of the bark of a tree that grows in south-east Asia. [See Wikipeda](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamon) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||||
EXO 30 23 t2me translate-unknown וּקְנֵה 1 cinnamon…cane This plant is unknown to scholars. Alternate translation: “and reed of”
|
||||
EXO 30 24 p9jh translate-unknown וְקִדָּ֕ה 1 cassia This is a sweet spice taken from the bark of a tree that grows in east Asia. It is slightly different than the spice cinnamon in the previous verse. [See Wikipeda](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamomum_cassia) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||||
EXO 30 23 t2me translate-unknown וּקְנֵה 1 cinnamon…cane This plant is unknown to scholars. Alternate translation: “and reed of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||||
EXO 30 24 p9jh translate-unknown וְקִדָּ֕ה 1 cassia This is a sweet spice taken from the bark of a tree that grows in east Asia. It is slightly different than the spice cinnamon in the previous verse. [See Wikipeda](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamomum_cassia) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||||
EXO 30 24 n38f translate-bweight בְּשֶׁ֣קֶל הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ 1 the weight of the shekel of the sanctuary There were evidently shekels of more than one weight at the time. This specified which one was to be used. See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:13](../30/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
|
||||
EXO 30 24 dv89 translate-bvolume הִֽין 1 one hin Translators may use units that people know. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
|
||||
EXO 30 25 k3s5 מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה רֹקֵ֑חַ 1 the work of a perfumer This could mean: (1) Moses was to have an ointment mixer do the work. (2) Moses was to do the work himself the way an ointment mixer would do it.
|
||||
EXO 30 25 yv9l translate-unknown רֹקֵ֑חַ 1 a perfumer This is a person who is skilled in mixing spices and oils.
|
||||
EXO 30 26 u241 figs-you וּמָשַׁחְתָּ֥ 1 You must anoint Here **you** may refer to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 30 29 np7g אֹתָ֔ם 1 set them apart This refers to the items listed in [Exodus 30:26-28](../30/26.md).
|
||||
EXO 30 25 yv9l translate-unknown רֹקֵ֑חַ 1 a perfumer This is a person who is skilled in mixing spices and oils. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||||
EXO 30 26 u241 figs-you וּמָשַׁחְתָּ֥ 1 You must anoint Here **you** may refer to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 30 29 np7g אֹתָ֔ם 1 set them apart This refers to the items listed in [Exodus 30:26-28](../30/26.md).
|
||||
EXO 30 31 k4s7 לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶֽם 1 throughout your people’s generations “all the generations of your descendants.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:14](../12/14.md).
|
||||
EXO 30 32 rlk4 figs-activepassive עַל־בְּשַׂ֤ר אָדָם֙ לֹ֣א יִיסָ֔ךְ 1 It must not be applied to people’s skin This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You shall not pour it on the body of a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
EXO 30 32 v3br וּבְמַ֨תְכֻּנְתּ֔וֹ 1 with the same formula “and … with the same ingredients” or “and … with the same items” or “and … according to this recipe”
|
||||
EXO 30 32 it0x grammar-connect-logic-result קֹ֣דֶשׁ ה֔וּא קֹ֖דֶשׁ יִהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶֽם 1 with the same formula The second half of this statement (**it shall be holy to you**) explains to the people the result of this oil being holy, which is, they must respect it as a holy thing. It may make more sense in some languages to move this whole statement to the beginning of the verse because the rule about pouring on someone’s body is an application of the result. Alternate translation (placed at the beginning of the verse): “Because it is sacred, you must treat it like it is sacred, therefore”
|
||||
EXO 30 32 v3br וּבְמַ֨תְכֻּנְתּ֔וֹ 1 with the same formula “and … with the same ingredients” or “and … with the same items” or “and … according to this recipe”
|
||||
EXO 30 32 it0x grammar-connect-logic-result קֹ֣דֶשׁ ה֔וּא קֹ֖דֶשׁ יִהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶֽם 1 with the same formula The second half of this statement (**it shall be holy to you**) explains to the people the result of this oil being holy, which is, they must respect it as a holy thing. It may make more sense in some languages to move this whole statement to the beginning of the verse because the rule about pouring on someone’s body is an application of the result. Alternate translation (placed at the beginning of the verse): “Because it is sacred, you must treat it like it is sacred, therefore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
|
||||
EXO 30 33 pa53 figs-metaphor וְנִכְרַ֖ת מֵעַמָּֽיו 1 that person must be cut off from his people The metaphor **cut off** has at least three possible meanings. The following alternate translations express those: (1) “that person must be sent away” or (2) “that person will no longer be considered to be one of the people of Israel” or (3) “that person must be killed” See how you translated **cut off** in Exodus 12:15. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
EXO 30 33 yhgi figs-activepassive וְנִכְרַ֖ת מֵעַמָּֽיו 1 that person must be cut off from his people The metaphor **cut off** has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form. Who will cut off that person is also not specified, it could be the Israelites or Yahweh. The following alternate translations express those: (1) “the people of Israel must send him away” or (2) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” or (3) “the people of Israel must kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
EXO 30 34 r3j2 1 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Moses what to do. Yahweh gives the commands only to Moses: all instances of **you** are singular. However, the words “blended by a perfumer” might mean that Moses could have the perfumer take the spices, blend them, grind them, and give them to Moses so Moses could put part of the mixture in front of the ark, as in UST.
|
||||
EXO 30 34 uo57 translate-unknown נָטָ֤ף׀ וּשְׁחֵ֨לֶת֙ וְחֶלְבְּנָ֔ה…וּלְבֹנָ֣ה זַכָּ֑ה 1 General Information: Here is a brief description of these materials, though we really do not know exactly what they are. Stacte is a resin from certain gum plants. Onycha is from certain shellfish or mollusks. Galbanum is another kind of gum resin.
|
||||
EXO 30 34 uo57 translate-unknown נָטָ֤ף׀ וּשְׁחֵ֨לֶת֙ וְחֶלְבְּנָ֔ה…וּלְבֹנָ֣ה זַכָּ֑ה 1 General Information: Here is a brief description of these materials, though we really do not know exactly what they are. Stacte is a resin from certain gum plants. Onycha is from certain shellfish or mollusks. Galbanum is another kind of gum resin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||||
EXO 30 35 y8yj וְעָשִׂ֤יתָ אֹתָהּ֙ קְטֹ֔רֶת רֹ֖קַח מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה רוֹקֵ֑חַ 1 blended by a perfumer Possible meanings are (1) Moses was to have a perfumer do the work or (2) Moses was to do the work himself the way a perfumer would do it. See how you translated these words in [Exodus 30:25](../30/25.md).
|
||||
EXO 30 36 nz2a figs-you וְשָֽׁחַקְתָּ֣…וְנָתַתָּ֨ה 1 You will grind it “You will crush it.” Here **you** refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 30 36 oj2r figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֤י הָעֵדֻת֙ 1 You will grind it Here, **face** figuratively represents the front of the testimony. Alternate translation: “in front of the testimony”
|
||||
EXO 30 36 mxww figs-metonymy הָעֵדֻת֙ 1 You will grind it Here, **testimony** probably refers to the sacred chest that contained the tablets of the law. See UST.
|
||||
EXO 30 36 nz2a figs-you וְשָֽׁחַקְתָּ֣…וְנָתַתָּ֨ה 1 You will grind it “You will crush it.” Here **you** refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 30 36 oj2r figs-metonymy לִפְנֵ֤י הָעֵדֻת֙ 1 You will grind it Here, **face** figuratively represents the front of the testimony. Alternate translation: “in front of the testimony” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
EXO 30 36 mxww figs-metonymy הָעֵדֻת֙ 1 You will grind it Here, **testimony** probably refers to the sacred chest that contained the tablets of the law. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
EXO 30 36 t8y9 figs-you לָכֶֽם 1 You will regard Here **you** is plural and refers to Moses and all the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 30 37 dq6c figs-you תַעֲשׂ֖וּ 1 you must not make any The word **you** here refers to the people of Israel.
|
||||
EXO 30 37 yv1y בְּמַ֨תְכֻּנְתָּ֔הּ 1 with the same formula “with the same ingredients” or “with the same items.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:32](../30/32.md).
|
||||
EXO 30 37 dq6c figs-you תַעֲשׂ֖וּ 1 you must not make any The word **you** here refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 30 37 yv1y בְּמַ֨תְכֻּנְתָּ֔הּ 1 with the same formula “with the same ingredients” or “with the same items.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:32](../30/32.md).
|
||||
EXO 30 37 wh25 קֹ֛דֶשׁ תִּהְיֶ֥ה לְךָ֖ לַיהוָֽה 1 It must be most holy to you “You must consider it to be most holy”
|
||||
EXO 30 38 xn6v לְהָרִ֣יחַ בָּ֑הּ 1 perfume This could mean: (1) to enjoy the scent for oneself (2) to wear as a perfume.
|
||||
EXO 30 38 xn6v לְהָרִ֣יחַ בָּ֑הּ 1 perfume This could mean: (1) to enjoy the scent for oneself (2) to wear as a perfume.
|
||||
EXO 30 38 sa1m figs-metaphor וְנִכְרַ֖ת מֵעַמָּֽיו 1 must be cut off from his people The metaphor **cut off** has at least three possible meanings. The following alternate translations express those: (1) “he must be sent away” or (2) “he will no longer be considered to be one of the people of Israel” or (3) “he must be killed” See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:15](../12/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
EXO 30 38 o6v0 figs-activepassive וְנִכְרַ֖ת מֵעַמָּֽיו 1 must be cut off from his people The metaphor **cut off** has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form. Who will cut off that person is also not specified, it could be the Israelites or Yahweh. The following alternate translations express those: (1) “the people of Israel must send him away” or (2) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” or (3) “the people of Israel must kill him” See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:15](../12/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
EXO 31 intro wfk7 0 # Exodus 31 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is the end of Exodus’ recording of the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sabbath<br>As described in this chapter, the Sabbath is more than just a day of worship or celebration. Its significance extends beyond a way to help people rest. It is a major part of the identity of the Hebrew people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]])
|
||||
EXO 31 2 m8ju figs-metonymy 1 I have called by name God speaks of choosing specific people as calling them by name. Alternate translation: “I have chosen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
EXO 31 2 hf5r translate-names 1 Bezalel…Uri…Hur These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||||
EXO 31 3 ayb9 1 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
|
||||
EXO 31 3 f7sk figs-metaphor 1 I have filled Bezalel with my Spirit Yahweh speaks of giving Bezalel his Spirit as if Bezalel were a container and God’s Spirit were a liquid. Alternate translation: “I have given my Spirit to Bezalel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
EXO 31 3 r6i5 figs-abstractnouns 1 for all kinds of craftsmanship The abstract noun “craftsmanship” can be translated as “making crafts” or “making things.” Alternate translation: “for making all kinds of crafts” or “so that he can make all kinds of things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
|
||||
EXO 31 6 qk4r 1 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
|
||||
EXO 31 6 jh61 translate-names 1 Oholiab…Ahisamak These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||||
EXO 31 6 wcq7 1 I have put skill into the hearts of all who are wise God speaks of making people able to make things as if he were putting the ability into their hearts. Alternate translation: “I have given skill to all who are wise” or “I have made all who are wise able to make things well”
|
||||
EXO 31 7 jc78 1 tent of meeting This is another name for the tabernacle. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:21](../27/21.md).
|
||||
EXO 31 7 m58b figs-explicit 1 ark of the testimony The ark is the chest that contains the commandments. This can be stated clearly in the translation. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:33](../26/33.md). Alternate translation: “the chest containing the commandments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||||
EXO 31 7 z5s4 1 atonement lid This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](../25/17.md).
|
||||
EXO 31 8 h84n 1 incense altar “altar to burn incense.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:3](../30/03.md).
|
||||
EXO 31 9 cvl7 1 altar for burnt offerings “altar on which offering were burnt.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:28](../30/28.md).
|
||||
EXO 31 10 hn88 1 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
|
||||
EXO 31 11 z1u2 1 These craftsmen “These people who are skilled in making beautiful things”
|
||||
EXO 31 13 i1lw figs-metaphor 1 You must certainly keep Yahweh’s Sabbath days God speaks of obeying his instructions about the Sabbath as keeping the Sabbath. Alternate translation: “You must certainly obey Yahweh’s instructions about the Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
EXO 31 13 gw13 1 throughout your people’s generations “through all the generations of your descendants.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:14](../12/14.md).
|
||||
EXO 31 13 h75a figs-metaphor 1 who sets you apart for himself God speaks of choosing people to be his as setting them apart for himself. Alternate translation: “who has chosen you to be his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
EXO 31 14 g83p figs-activepassive 1 for it must be treated by you as holy This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for you must treat it as holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
EXO 31 14 mv4l figs-metaphor 1 Everyone who defiles it God speaks of treating the Sabbath with disrespect as defiling it. Alternate translation: “Everyone who treats the Sabbath with disrespect” or “Everyone who does not obey the laws about the Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
EXO 31 14 plq5 figs-activepassive 1 must surely be put to death “must surely be killed.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must surely kill” or “you must surely execute” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
EXO 31 14 fz1g figs-metaphor 1 must surely be cut off from his people The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: (1) “Yahweh will no longer consider him to be one of his people” (2) “you must surely send him away” or (3) “you must surely kill him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
EXO 31 15 v4dv translate-numbers 1 but the seventh day “but day 7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||||
EXO 31 16 iv7a 1 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what he must tell the people of Israel.
|
||||
EXO 31 16 t9hw figs-metaphor 1 must keep the Sabbath God speaks of obeying his instructions about the Sabbath as keeping the Sabbath. Alternate translation: “must obey Yahweh’s instructions about the Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
EXO 31 16 n7q2 1 They must observe it throughout their people’s generations “They and all the generations of their descendants must observe it.” See how you translated “throughout their people’s generations” in [Exodus 12:42](../12/42.md).
|
||||
EXO 31 16 yef8 1 lasting covenant “a covenant that will always exist.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:43](../28/43.md).
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EXO 31 2 m8ju figs-idiom קָרָ֣אתִֽי בְשֵׁ֑ם 1 I have called by name Yahweh speaks of choosing specific people as calling them by name. Alternate translation: “I have chosen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 31 2 hf5r translate-names בְּצַלְאֵ֛ל …אוּרִ֥י …ח֖וּר 1 Bezalel…Uri…Hur These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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EXO 31 3 f7sk figs-metaphor וָאֲמַלֵּ֥א אֹת֖וֹ ר֣וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֑ים 1 I have filled Bezalel with my Spirit Yahweh speaks of giving Bezalel his spirit as if Bezalel were a container and God’s spirit were a liquid. Alternate translation: “I have given my spirit to Bezalel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 31 3 r6i5 figs-abstractnouns וּבְכָל־מְלָאכָֽה 1 for all kinds of craftsmanship The abstract noun “craftsmanship” can be translated as “making crafts” or “making things.” Alternate translation: “for making all kinds of crafts” or “so that he can make all kinds of things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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EXO 31 6 jh61 translate-names אָהֳלִיאָ֞ב …אֲחִֽיסָמָךְ֙ 1 Oholiab…Ahisamak These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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EXO 31 6 wcq7 figs-idiom וּבְלֵ֥ב כָּל־חֲכַם־לֵ֖ב נָתַ֣תִּי חָכְמָ֑ה 1 I have put skill into the hearts of all who are wise God speaks of making people able to make things as if he were putting the ability into their hearts. Alternate translation: “I have given skill to all who are wise” or “I have made all who are wise able to make things well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 31 11 iusb writing-pronouns יַעֲשֽׂוּ 1 I have put skill into the hearts of all who are wise **They** refers to Bezalel and Oholiab as well as the unnamed other “skilled of heart” (talented craftsmen) referred to in [verse 2](../31/02.md) and [verse 6](../30/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
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EXO 31 13 bveg figs-quotemarks לֵאמֹ֔ר 1 You must certainly keep Yahweh’s Sabbath days A second-level direct quotation starts after **saying**. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it with second-level quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation. There are multiple possible endings for this quotation, which will be addressed in later verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 31 13 i1lw figs-metonymy אַ֥ךְ אֶת־שַׁבְּתֹתַ֖י תִּשְׁמֹ֑רוּ 1 You must certainly keep Yahweh’s Sabbath days God speaks of obeying his instructions about the Sabbath as keeping the Sabbath. Alternate translation: “You must certainly obey Yahweh’s instructions about the Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 31 13 gw13 לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם 1 throughout your people’s generations “through all the generations of your descendants.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:14](../12/14.md).
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EXO 31 14 dsya figs-quotemarks לָכֶ֑ם 1 throughout your people’s generations One possible ending place for the second-level quotation that began in the previous verse is after **to you**. The rest of Yahweh’s instructions to Moses in this section do not use the second person to address Israel directly, so you may close the second-level quotation here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 31 14 plq5 figs-activepassive מ֣וֹת יוּמָ֔ת 1 must surely be put to death Here, **shall surely be put to death**, can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must surely kill” or “you must surely execute” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 31 14 fz1g figs-metaphor וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה 1 must surely be cut off from his people You can express **shall be cut off** in active form. Alternate translation: “you shall cut him off” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 31 15 v4dv translate-numbers שֵׁ֣שֶׁת 1 but the seventh day “6” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
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EXO 31 15 fvga translate-ordinal הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י 1 but the seventh day “the 7th” or “day number 7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
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EXO 31 15 lrat שַׁבַּ֧ת שַׁבָּת֛וֹן 1 but the seventh day “a Sabbath of complete rest”
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EXO 31 15 fxuo figs-activepassive מ֥וֹת יוּמָֽת 1 must surely be put to death Here, **shall surely be put to death**, can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must surely kill” or “you must surely execute” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 31 16 t9hw figs-metonymy וְשָׁמְר֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֶת־הַשַּׁבָּ֑ת 1 must keep the Sabbath God speaks of obeying his instructions about the Sabbath as keeping the Sabbath. Alternate translation: “And the sons of Israel must obey Yahweh’s instructions about the Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 31 16 n7q2 לְדֹרֹתָ֖ם 1 They must observe it throughout their people’s generations “They and all the generations of their descendants must observe it.” See how you translated “throughout their people’s generations” in [Exodus 12:42](../12/42.md).
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EXO 31 16 yef8 בְּרִ֥ית עוֹלָֽם 1 lasting covenant “a covenant that will always exist” or “a lasting covenant”
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EXO 31 17 oc30 figs-activepassive וַיִּנָּפַֽשׁ 1 lasting covenant You can state this in an active manner. Alternate translation: “and he refreshed himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 31 18 xc6h figs-activepassive 1 written on by his own hand This can be translated with an active verb. Alternate translation: “which Yahweh wrote on with his own hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 32 intro vv2w 0 # Exodus 32 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The events of this chapter occur while Moses spoke with God and therefore happen at the same time as the events in chapters 20-31.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 32:18.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Idolatry<br>The making of the golden calf was considered a form of idolatry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 32 1 cfk8 figs-metaphor 1 the people saw Here understanding something is spoken of as if it were being seen. Alternate translation: “the people realized” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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