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bulk changes to **you** (#1710)
bulk changes to **you** Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/1710 Co-Authored-By: Benjamin Wright <deferredreward@noreply.door43.org> Co-Committed-By: Benjamin Wright <deferredreward@noreply.door43.org>
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en_tn_02-EXO.tsv
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en_tn_02-EXO.tsv
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@ -52,14 +52,14 @@ EXO 1 15 h8f8 translate-names שִׁפְרָ֔ה…פּוּעָֽה 1 Shiphra
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EXO 1 15 h59t writing-participants שִׁפְרָ֔ה…פּוּעָֽה 1 The midwives are introduced here as new participants in the story. Use your language’s way to introduce new characters in a story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 1 16 4wwz וַיֹּ֗אמֶר 1 “And the king said” In the UST this is combined with *spoke* from [verse 15](../01/15.md) because the verb for *say* is used twice before he speaks. In English and other languages this is often strange. If it would be unnatural to say that the king spoke or said twice you may leave one off.
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EXO 1 16 yovg figs-quotemarks בְּיַלֶּדְכֶן֙ אֶת־הָֽעִבְרִיּ֔וֹת וּרְאִיתֶ֖ן עַל־הָאָבְנָ֑יִם אִם־בֵּ֥ן הוּא֙ וַהֲמִתֶּ֣ן אֹת֔וֹ וְאִם־בַּ֥ת הִ֖יא וָחָֽיָה 1 This is a direct quote of what the king said. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with primary quotations mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 1 16 5lke figs-youdual בְּיַלֶּדְכֶן֙…וּרְאִיתֶ֖ן…וַהֲמִתֶּ֣ן 1 These **you**s are plural. The king is speaking to the two midwives. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addresses use a dual or plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
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EXO 1 16 5lke figs-youdual בְּיַלֶּדְכֶן֙…וּרְאִיתֶ֖ן…וַהֲמִתֶּ֣ן 1 These **you**s are plural. The king is speaking to the two midwives. If your language uses different forms of **you** depending on the number of people addressed, use a dual or plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
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EXO 1 16 h3mb figs-metonymy עַל־הָאָבְנָ֑יִם 1 on the birthstool Women sat on this short stool as they gave birth. Therefore, it is associated with birth. Alternate translation: “as they give birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 1 16 nms7 grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical אִם־בֵּ֥ן הוּא֙ וַהֲמִתֶּ֣ן אֹת֔וֹ וְאִם־בַּ֥ת הִ֖יא וָחָֽיָה 1 These two statements are hypothetical conditions (starting at **if**) with instructions for what the midwives should do in each situation (starting at **then**). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
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EXO 1 17 gy7k grammar-connect-logic-contrast וַתִּירֶ֤אןָ 1 Use a conjunction or other language structure that expresses contrast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
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EXO 1 18 y9g5 לַֽמְיַלְּדֹ֔ת 1 midwives These were women who helped a woman give birth to a baby. See how you translated this in [Exodus 1:15](../01/15.md).
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EXO 1 18 00l4 figs-quotations מַדּ֥וּעַ עֲשִׂיתֶ֖ן הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה וַתְּחַיֶּ֖יןָ אֶת־הַיְלָדִֽים 1 This is a direct quote of the king’s question. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with primary quotations mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. However, this could be translated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “he asked them why they were letting the sons live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
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EXO 1 18 q1sy מַדּ֥וּעַ עֲשִׂיתֶ֖ן הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה וַתְּחַיֶּ֖יןָ אֶת־הַיְלָדִֽים 1 Why have you done this, and let the baby boys live? Alternate translation: “Why have you not killed the baby boys?”
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EXO 1 18 8onv figs-youdual עֲשִׂיתֶ֖ן וַתְּחַיֶּ֖יןָ 1 This *you* is plural. The king is speaking to the two midwives. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addresses use a dual or plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
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EXO 1 18 8onv figs-youdual עֲשִׂיתֶ֖ן וַתְּחַיֶּ֖יןָ 1 This *you* is plural. The king is speaking to the two midwives. If your language uses different forms of **you** depending on the number of people addressed, use a dual or plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
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EXO 1 19 7t6z figs-quotemarks כִּ֣י לֹ֧א כַנָּשִׁ֛ים הַמִּצְרִיֹּ֖ת הָֽעִבְרִיֹּ֑ת כִּֽי־חָי֣וֹת הֵ֔נָּה בְּטֶ֨רֶם תָּב֧וֹא אֲלֵהֶ֛ן הַמְיַלֶּ֖דֶת וְיָלָֽדוּ 1 This is a direct quote of the midwives’ response. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with primary quotations mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 1 19 9gqe grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֣י לֹ֧א כַנָּשִׁ֛ים הַמִּצְרִיֹּ֖ת הָֽעִבְרִיֹּ֑ת כִּֽי־חָי֣וֹת הֵ֔נָּה בְּטֶ֨רֶם תָּב֧וֹא אֲלֵהֶ֛ן הַמְיַלֶּ֖דֶת וְיָלָֽדוּ 1 The midwives give a reason, *the Hebrew women are not like the Egyptian women*, then they expand on that reason, *for they are lively (or energetic)*, with the result that *before the midwife comes to them, they have given birth*. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
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EXO 1 19 0ppa figs-synecdoche וַתֹּאמַ֤רְןָ הַֽמְיַלְּדֹת֙ 1 It may not make sense in your language to say that multiple people said something so you may need to translate it in the singular (see UST). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ EXO 1 21 pbve <br>grammar-connect-logic-result וַיַּ֥עַשׂ לָ
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EXO 1 21 jx9c בָּתִּֽים 1 he gave them families “households”
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EXO 1 22 ld1j figs-explicit כָּל־הַבֵּ֣ן הַיִּלּ֗וֹד הַיְאֹ֨רָה֙ תַּשְׁלִיכֻ֔הוּ 1 You must throw every son…into the river This order was given in order to drown the male children. The full meaning of this may be made explicit. Alternate translation: “You must throw every new-born son into the river so they will drown” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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EXO 1 22 a6b2 figs-quotations כָּל־הַבֵּ֣ן הַיִּלּ֗וֹד הַיְאֹ֨רָה֙ תַּשְׁלִיכֻ֔הוּ וְכָל־הַבַּ֖ת תְּחַיּֽוּן׃ 1 This is a direct quote of Pharaoh’s speech. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with primary quotations mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. However, It could be translated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh commanded all of his people to throw every baby boy into the river, but to let the every girl live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
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EXO 1 22 stag figs-youdual תַּשְׁלִיכֻ֔הוּ…תְּחַיּֽוּן 1 The *you*s here refer to all the Egyptians. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
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EXO 1 22 stag figs-youdual תַּשְׁלִיכֻ֔הוּ…תְּחַיּֽוּן 1 The *you*s here refer to all the Egyptians. If your language uses different forms of **you** depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
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EXO 2 intro rwf3 0 # Exodus 02 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br><br>### Covenant<br>God begins to relate to the Israelites based on his covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.<br><br><br>### Moses’ heritage<br>In the first part of this chapter, Pharaoh’s daughter recognizes Moses as being a Hebrew, but in the last part of this chapter, the Midianites believe him to be an Egyptian.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Identification of participants<br>- Moses is the only participant named in most of this chapter. This is because many of the participants play very minor roles and because this part of the story is focusing on Moses’ life.<br><br>### Ironic situations<br>- While Pharaoh tried to diminish the power of the Israelites by killing all of their baby boys, God used Pharaoh’s own daughter to save Moses.<br><br><br>- Moses believes he is meant to be the rescuer of his people, but they reject him. Ultimately, Moses was correct, but God had not yet sent him for that mission.
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EXO 2 1 wvj9 writing-newevent וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ 1 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main event. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the narrative. If you have a way of doing this in your language, consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
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EXO 2 1 riy7 writing-participants אִ֖ישׁ…בַּת 1 These are new participants. They remain unnamed until [Exodus 6:20](../06/20.md) where they are identified as Amram and Jochebed. For now it is best to leave them unnamed if possible in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ EXO 3 10 spwh figs-quotemarks מִמִּצְרָֽיִם 1 After this phrase
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EXO 3 11 y8cr figs-rquestion מִ֣י אָנֹ֔כִי כִּ֥י אֵלֵ֖ךְ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֑ה וְכִ֥י אוֹצִ֛יא אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִמִּצְרָֽיִם 1 Who am I, that I should go to Pharaoh…Egypt? Moses uses this question to tell God that Moses is not the right person for the job. Alternate translation: See UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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EXO 3 11 ax7w figs-quotemarks מִ֣י אָנֹ֔כִי כִּ֥י אֵלֵ֖ךְ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֑ה וְכִ֥י אוֹצִ֛יא אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִמִּצְרָֽיִם 1 This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it off with primary quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 3 12 ykp3 figs-quotemarks כִּֽי־אֶֽהְיֶ֣ה עִמָּ֔ךְ וְזֶה־לְּךָ֣ הָא֔וֹת כִּ֥י אָנֹכִ֖י שְׁלַחְתִּ֑יךָ בְּהוֹצִֽיאֲךָ֤ אֶת־הָעָם֙ מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם תַּֽעַבְדוּן֙ אֶת־הָ֣אֱלֹהִ֔ים עַ֖ל הָהָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה 1 This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it off with primary quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 3 12 xugf figs-youdual תַּֽעַבְדוּן֙ 1 If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
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EXO 3 12 xugf figs-youdual תַּֽעַבְדוּן֙ 1 If your language uses different forms of **you** depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
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EXO 3 13 8izv figs-quotemarks הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֣י בָא֮ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וְאָמַרְתִּ֣י לָהֶ֔ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם שְׁלָחַ֣נִי אֲלֵיכֶ֑ם וְאָֽמְרוּ־לִ֣י מַה־שְּׁמ֔וֹ מָ֥ה אֹמַ֖ר אֲלֵהֶֽם 1 This is a direct quotation containing two second layer quotes within it. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it off with primary quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 3 13 lqms grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֣י בָא֮ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וְאָמַרְתִּ֣י לָהֶ֔ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם שְׁלָחַ֣נִי אֲלֵיכֶ֑ם וְאָֽמְרוּ־לִ֣י מַה־שְּׁמ֔וֹ 1 Moses presents God with a hypothetical situation here. The three events (**go, say, say**) are part of one hypothetical event. You should translate this in a way that makes it clear that this is a future, not-yet-real event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
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EXO 3 13 jq42 הִנֵּ֨ה 1 This is a term meant to focus the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. In this case, Moses uses it to introduce what he views as a probable future occurrence. Alternative translation: *when* or *if*.
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@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ EXO 3 16 ec3v figs-quotemarks יְהוָ֞ה 1 General Information: This begins
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EXO 3 16 xqy9 אַבְרָהָ֛ם יִצְחָ֥ק וְיַעֲקֹ֖ב 1 the God of your ancestors, the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob were three of the Israelites ancestors. They all worshiped the same God.
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EXO 3 16 dvsz figs-quotemarks פָּקֹ֤ד פָּקַ֨דְתִּי֙ 1 This begins a third layer quotation that continues until the end of [verse 17](../03/17.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening tertiary quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation within a quotation within a quotation. The closing marks for both the second and third layer quotations should not be until the end of verse 17. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 3 16 efhh figs-idiom פָּקֹ֤ד פָּקַ֨דְתִּי֙ 1 The Hebrew word meaning **attend,** visit, or observe is repeated here for emphasis. This word often means God is coming to take action. Translate this phrase in a way that communicates God’s focused, caring observation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 3 16 fv77 figs-youdual אֶתְכֶ֔ם 1 I have indeed observed you The word “you” refers to the people of Israel. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
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EXO 3 16 fv77 figs-youdual אֶתְכֶ֔ם 1 I have indeed observed you The word **you** refers to the people of Israel. If your language uses different forms of **you** depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
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EXO 3 16 55jm figs-activepassive הֶעָשׂ֥וּי 1 In some languages you may not be able to translate this as passive. Alternative translation: see UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 3 16 4vgc figs-metonymy בְּמִצְרָֽיִם 1 The phrase **in Egypt** is a metonym for the Egyptian oppressors. Alternative translation: “by the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 3 17 c54k figs-quotesinquotes אַעֲלֶ֣ה אֶתְכֶם֮ מֵעֳנִ֣י מִצְרַיִם֒ אֶל־אֶ֤רֶץ הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ וְהַ֣חִתִּ֔י וְהָֽאֱמֹרִי֙ וְהַפְּרִזִּ֔י וְהַחִוִּ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִ֑י אֶל־אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָֽשׁ 1 This is a fourth layer quotation. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer three layers. Alternatively it can be translated as an indirect quotation, see UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
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@ -258,12 +258,12 @@ EXO 3 17 za9l זָבַ֥ת 1 flowing with “full of” or “with an abundance
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EXO 3 17 rtr5 figs-metonymy חָלָ֖ב 1 milk Since milk comes from cows and goats, this represents food produced by livestock. Alternate translation: “food from livestock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 3 17 msf8 figs-metonymy וּדְבָֽשׁ 1 honey Since honey is produced from flowers, this represents food from crops. Alternate translation: “food from crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 3 18 cy2z figs-idiom וְשָׁמְע֖וּ 1 This term often means “hear and do/obey.” Alternative translation: “heed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 3 18 j24k writing-participants לְקֹלֶ֑ךָ…אַתָּה֩ 1 They will listen to you The word “you” refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 3 18 j24k writing-participants לְקֹלֶ֑ךָ…אַתָּה֩ 1 They will listen to you The word **you** refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 3 18 9na8 figs-synecdoche לְקֹלֶ֑ךָ 1 This means the elders will listen to the message Moses brings from God. Alternative translation: “to your message” or “to my message which you tell them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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EXO 3 18 r74o figs-possession וְזִקְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל 1 This is a possessive of social relationship. Alternative translation: “elders in charge of the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
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EXO 3 18 eep7 figs-collectivenouns יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל 1 This is a collective noun that refers to all the Israelites. Alternative translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]])
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EXO 3 18 ot9r figs-metonymy מִצְרַ֗יִם 1 Here **Egypt** refers to the Egyptian nation. Alternate translation: “of the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 3 18 idp7 figs-youdual וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֤ם 1 General Information: If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. <br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
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EXO 3 18 idp7 figs-youdual וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֤ם 1 General Information: If your language uses different forms of **you** depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural here. <br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
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EXO 3 18 i47o figs-inclusive עָלֵ֔ינוּ…נֵֽלֲכָה…וְנִזְבְּחָ֖ה 1 These instances of **us** are exclusive, they include Moses, the elders, and all the Israelites, but exclude the king of Egypt. If your language makes this distinction verify that you used the correct form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
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EXO 3 18 4eal translate-numbers שְׁלֹ֤שֶׁת 1 “3” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
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EXO 3 19 qf46 figs-metonymy וְלֹ֖א בְּיָ֥ד חֲזָקָֽה 1 unless his hand is forced This can be stated in active form. The word “hand” is a metonym for the power of the owner of the hand. Possible meanings are (1) “only if he sees that he has no power to do anything else,” where the “hand” belongs to Pharaoh; where the “hand” belongs to Yahweh, (2) “only if I force him to let you go” or (3) “not even if I force him to let you go.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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@ -273,16 +273,16 @@ EXO 3 20 dzsp figs-metonymy מִצְרַ֔יִם 1 This refers to both the land
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EXO 3 20 c9a3 מִצְרַ֔יִם…בְּקִרְבּ֑וֹ 1 Here **him** refers to Egypt as a collective.
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EXO 3 20 6dw3 grammar-connect-time-sequential וְאַחֲרֵי־כֵ֖ן 1 Here the sequential nature of these happenings is emphasized. Consider using a stronger sequential connective term than usual here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
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EXO 3 20 ay53 writing-participants יְשַׁלַּ֥ח 1 **he** refers to the king of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 3 20 awxs figs-youdual אֶתְכֶֽם 1 This refers to the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. <br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 3 20 awxs figs-youdual אֶתְכֶֽם 1 This refers to the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of **you** depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural here. <br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 3 21 btwc figs-idiom חֵ֥ן…בְּעֵינֵ֣י מִצְרָ֑יִם 1 This means that when the Egyptians see the Israelites (Hebrews) leaving Egypt, they will gladly help them (because they want them to leave so badly due to God's judgement.) **in the eyes of the Egyptians** is an idiom for the Egyptian’s feelings. If your language has the same or a similar idiom you can translate or use it, otherwise you can translate the meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 3 21 82wf figs-possession בְּעֵינֵ֣י מִצְרָ֑יִם 1 This is part-whole possessive, also possibly inalienable possessive if your language uses a different form of possessive for things you cannot lose. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
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EXO 3 21 s45u הָֽעָם־הַזֶּ֖ה 1 “you”
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EXO 3 21 uz3c figs-youdual תֵֽלֵכ֔וּן…תֵלְכ֖וּ 1 If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. <br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
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EXO 3 21 uz3c figs-youdual תֵֽלֵכ֔וּן…תֵלְכ֖וּ 1 If your language uses different forms of **you** depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural here. <br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
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EXO 3 21 19sl figs-go תֵֽלֵכ֔וּן…תֵלְכ֖וּ 1 “leave” or “go out” or “come out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
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EXO 3 21 89u7 figs-doublenegatives לֹ֥א …רֵיקָֽם 1 The double negative, **not… emptily** is used to mean “full.” Alternate translation: “[go] with many things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
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EXO 3 21 kt7b figs-litotes לֹ֥א תֵלְכ֖וּ רֵיקָֽם 1 will not go empty-handed This phrase is used to emphasize the opposite meaning. Alternate translation: “will go with your hands full of good things” or “will go with many valuable things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
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EXO 3 22 w2av וּמִגָּרַ֣ת בֵּיתָ֔הּ 1 any women staying in her neighbors’ houses **Sojourning** means living somewhere other than one’s native land, usually temporarily. It is unclear both who the sojourning (visiting) women are and in whose house they are sojourning, leaving several possibilities. Most translations that make a decision about who they are identify both the temporary resident and her host home as Egyptian. This makes sense as the Israelites will be plundering the Egyptians. If it is possible to leave this ambiguous in your translation, that is best.
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EXO 3 22 474q figs-youdual וְשַׂמְתֶּ֗ם עַל־בְּנֵיכֶם֙ וְעַל־בְּנֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם וְנִצַּלְתֶּ֖ם 1 Each of these is a plural **you.** If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. <br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
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EXO 3 22 474q figs-youdual וְשַׂמְתֶּ֗ם עַל־בְּנֵיכֶם֙ וְעַל־בְּנֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם וְנִצַּלְתֶּ֖ם 1 Each of these is a plural **you.** If your language uses different forms of **you** depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural here. <br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
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EXO 3 22 h38j figs-quotemarks מִצְרָֽיִם 1 After this phrase, the direct quote of Yahweh’s word starting in [verse 15](../03/15.md) ends. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an closing primary quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 4 intro kap5 0 # Exodus 04 General Notes<br><br>## Potential Translation Issues<br>### Quotations<br>- There is a difficult transition between [4:4](../04/04.md) and [4:5](../04/05.md) because the quotation stops in the middle to inject a bit of narrative. When it resumes in [4:5](../04/05.md) the sentence seems incomplete (even if merged directly with the quotation fragment in [4:4](../04/04.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])<br>- Yahweh’s instructions to Moses are complex and there are up to fourth layer quotations in this chapter. Translators will need to decide if some of these need to become indirect quotations (if that is possible in their language) and use great care to use the proper quotation markings in the proper location.<br><br>### Order of events<br>- The order of events is not always clear. In [4:14](../04/14.md) Yahweh tells Moses that Aaron is coming to meet him, but Yahweh telling Aaron to go meet Moses in the wilderness is not recorded until [4:27](../04/27.md).<br>- The timing of the events in [4:18](../18/.md)-[4:27](../04/23.md), especially verse 18-19 and 27, in relation to the rest of the events of the chapter is unclear.<br><br>### Thus says Yahweh<br>The first of 400+ occurrences throughout the Old Testament of a standard phrase used to introduce direct, authoritative instruction from Yahweh occurs in [4:22](../04/22.md). It occurs 10 times in the book of Exodus, nine of these are between chapters 4-11. It would be good for your team to have a standard way to translate this that makes it clear that the words that come next are directly from God. If your language has a standard way of introducing a new message from your leaders that alerts the hearers that these are the words of the leader, that would be a good phrase to consider.<br><br>### Yahweh’s attempt to kill someone<br>The encounter recorded from [4:24](../04/24.md) to [4:26](../04/26.md) is one of the strangest and most difficult passages in the entire book. Difficulties include:<br>- To whom do the pronouns refer? Masculine pronouns are used throughout the section, but there are two possible antecedents, Moses (who is not named in the narrative) and Zipporah’s son (who was presumably also Moses’ son, but this is how he is referred to in this text, for why see below on why Yahweh did this). Most commentators believe the pronouns refer to Moses.<br>- Circumcision is described in fairly graphic detail. Different cultures will need to approach this differently. Some may have terms for circumcision, others may be comfortable translating mostly literally, others will need to use euphemisms or other strategies to translate. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]])<br>- The meaning of the phrase **a bridegroom of blood** (ULT) is unknown.<br>- Why did Yahweh attack Moses? Many commentators conclude that Moses had neglected to circumcise one of his sons because it displeased Zipporah and Yahweh was holding Moses responsible before he returned to lead the Israelites (who should have been circumcised). When Zipporah repented by circumcising the son herself and touching the foreskin to Moses’ feet, Yahweh relents. These conclusions should help inform translation but should not be made explicit in the text.<br><br>## *Study* concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Moses does not understand<br>Although Moses believes in Yahweh, he does not trust in him. This is because Moses lacks understanding. Moses tries to believe the things he is asked to do are done by his own power. Yahweh is trying to get Moses to trust that these are Yahweh’s doing. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br><br>### Children of God<br>This chapter introduces the concept that the people group Israel is the chosen people of God and God’s firstborn son. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/firstborn]])<br><br>### Yahweh hardened Pharaoh’s heart<br>Scholars are divided over how to understand this statement. There is debate over whether Pharaoh plays an active or passive role in the hardening of his own heart. Translators should simply follow the text. In Exodus 4-14 there are ten statements that Yahweh hardens Pharaoh’s heart, and ten statements that Pharaoh hardens his own heart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 4 1 j4yg וַיַּ֤עַן מֹשֶׁה֙ וַיֹּ֔אמֶר 1 if they do not believe **answered and said** is a Hebrew expression which does not convey any extra information. Unless your language naturally uses a similar structure, it is better to translate one verb and omit the other. Alternate translation: “Moses answered”
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@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ EXO 4 14 8kn8 grammar-connect-logic-result וְשָׂמַ֥ח 1 Aaron will b
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EXO 4 14 ew4h figs-metonymy בְּלִבּֽוֹ 1 he will be glad in his heart Here, **heart** refers to inner thoughts and emotions. If heart is not a body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s thoughts and emotions, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 4 15 u97f figs-metaphor הַדְּבָרִ֖ים 1 put the words to say into his mouth Words here are spoken of as if they were something that can be physically placed in a person’s mouth. Alternate translation: “give him the message that he is to repeat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 4 15 q9cf figs-metonymy פִּ֨יךָ֙…פִּ֔יהוּ 1 I will be with your mouth The word **mouth** here represents Moses and Aaron’s choice of words. Alternate translation: “I will give you the right words to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 4 15 v57x figs-youdual אֶתְכֶ֔ם…תַּעֲשֽׂוּן 1 with his mouth These refer to Moses and Aaron. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a dual if you have one or if not use a plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br>
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EXO 4 15 v57x figs-youdual אֶתְכֶ֔ם…תַּעֲשֽׂוּן 1 with his mouth These refer to Moses and Aaron. If your language uses different forms of **you** depending on the number of people addressed, use a dual if you have one or if not use a plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br>
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EXO 4 16 mnsp figs-simile לְפֶ֔ה 1 This phrase compares Aaron to a mouth because he will be the one actually to vocalize to the Israelites and Pharaoh what Moses tells him. Alternate translation: “He will say what you tell him to say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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EXO 4 16 gn5v figs-simile תִּֽהְיֶה־לּ֥וֹ לֵֽאלֹהִֽים 1 you will be to him like me, God The word “like” here means Moses would represent the same authority to Aaron as God did to Moses. Alternate translation: “you will speak to Aaron with the same authority with which I spoke to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
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EXO 4 17 0h45 figs-quotemarks תַּעֲשֶׂה־בּ֖וֹ אֶת־הָאֹתֹֽת 1 After this phrase, the direct quote of Yahweh ends. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing primary quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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@ -436,10 +436,10 @@ EXO 5 3 kclj figs-inclusive עָלֵ֑ינוּ נֵ֣לֲכָה…וְנִ
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EXO 5 3 gfs5 figs-metonymy בֶחָֽרֶב 1 or with the sword Here “sword” represents war or an attack by enemies. Alternate translation: “or cause our enemies to attack us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 5 4 cb7w figs-quotemarks לָ֚מָּה מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאַהֲרֹ֔ן תַּפְרִ֥יעוּ אֶת־הָעָ֖ם מִמַּֽעֲשָׂ֑יו לְכ֖וּ לְסִבְלֹתֵיכֶֽם 1 This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it off with primary quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 5 4 kl1i figs-rquestion לָ֚מָּה מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאַהֲרֹ֔ן תַּפְרִ֥יעוּ אֶת־הָעָ֖ם מִמַּֽעֲשָׂ֑יו 1 why are you taking the people from their work? Pharaoh uses this question to express his anger towards Moses and Aaron for taking the Israelites away from their work. Alternate translation: “stop distracting the people from doing their work!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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EXO 5 4 fiw9 figs-rquestion לְכ֖וּ לְסִבְלֹתֵיכֶֽם 1 This **you** could refer to *you two*, meaning Moses and Aaron, or it could mean *all you Israelite people.* The second meaning is more likely. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a dual or plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
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EXO 5 4 fiw9 figs-rquestion לְכ֖וּ לְסִבְלֹתֵיכֶֽם 1 This **you** could refer to *you two*, meaning Moses and Aaron, or it could mean *all you Israelite people.* The second meaning is more likely. If your language uses different forms of **you** depending on the number of people addressed, use a dual or plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
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EXO 5 5 nqbe figs-aside וַיֹּ֣אמֶר פַּרְעֹ֔ה 1 It is unusual for the same speaker to be reintroduced like this. Some translations omit the repetition, but there is another option. This statement may be more connected to the next couple of verses, so it might be appropriate to make a minor break before this verse. Pharaoh may have been more commenting to himself, or he thought this statement and it led to his next actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-aside]])
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EXO 5 5 todi הֵן 1 This is a term meant to focus the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say.
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EXO 5 5 c53k figs-youdual וְהִשְׁבַּתֶּ֥ם 1 This means Moses and Aaron. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a dual (if you have one) or plural (if not) here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br>
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EXO 5 5 c53k figs-youdual וְהִשְׁבַּתֶּ֥ם 1 This means Moses and Aaron. If your language uses different forms of **you** depending on the number of people addressed, use a dual (if you have one) or plural (if not) here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br>
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EXO 5 6 ar9m אֶת־הַנֹּגְשִׂ֣ים בָּעָ֔ם וְאֶת־שֹׁטְרָ֖יו 1 Pharaoh may have sent a messenger or messengers to the taskmasters and officers or spoken to one or a few representatives of them at his court rather than directly speaking to them. Alternative translation: “Pharaoh gave an order for the taskmasters among the people and officers that said,”
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EXO 5 6 zd4m הַנֹּגְשִׂ֣ים 1 taskmasters Egyptians whose job was to force the Israelites to do hard work. These are probably the same as the *overseers of labor gangs* from [Exodus 1:11](../01/11.md), but here the term is harsher. Alternative translation: “oppressors”
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EXO 5 6 8opu שֹׁטְרָ֖יו 1 These were probably Israelite slaves who were in charge of the other Israelites but who answered to the Egyptian taskmasters.
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@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ EXO 5 6 dxih לֵאמֹֽר 1 This is a way of introducing a direct quotati
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EXO 5 7 k6io figs-youdual לֹ֣א תֹאסִפ֞וּן 1 This command was given to multiple people, if your language distinguishes between singular and plural when giving commands make sure this is a plural form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
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EXO 5 7 1pw9 figs-quotemarks לֹ֣א תֹאסִפ֞וּן 1 Verses 7-9 are a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate the start here with an opening primary quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a the beginning of the quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 5 7 p9nx figs-idiom כִּתְמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשֹׁ֑ם 1 you must no longer give This is a Hebrew idiom meaning *in the past.* Alternative translation: “as before” or “as previously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 5 8 izkf figs-youdual תָּשִׂ֣ימוּ 1 If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br>
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EXO 5 8 izkf figs-youdual תָּשִׂ֣ימוּ 1 If your language uses different forms of **you** depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br>
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EXO 5 8 ro25 translate-unknown הַלְּבֵנִ֜ים 1 Hardened clay blocks for building, see how you translated in [1:14][../01/14.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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EXO 5 8 dlzx figs-idiom תְּמ֤וֹל שִׁלְשֹׁם֙ 1 This is a Hebrew idiom meaning *in the past.* See how you translated this in [5:7](../05/07md) Alternative translation: “before” or “previously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 5 8 vd10 figs-quotemarks נֵלְכָ֖ה נִזְבְּחָ֥ה לֵאלֹהֵֽינוּ 1 This is a second layer direct quotation. It is a quote of Moses and Aaron. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it off with secondary quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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@ -459,9 +459,9 @@ EXO 5 10 4joe figs-quotations כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר פַּרְעֹ֔ה 1 It
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EXO 5 10 mkom figs-quotesinquotes אֵינֶ֛נִּי 1 This is a the beginning of a second layer quotation that continues until the end of verse 11. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening secondary quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the start of a quotation within a quotation. However, you could also translate this as an indirect quote. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])<br>
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EXO 5 10 7zfp grammar-connect-logic-contrast אֵינֶ֛נִּי נֹתֵ֥ן לָכֶ֖ם תֶּֽבֶן 1 The structure of this phrase and the one that opens [the next verse](../05/11.md) create a strong contrast between what **I** (Pharaoh) and **you** (you all, the Israelites) will do. Translate this in a way that emphasizes the contrast between **I* and **you** if possible. Alternative translation: “It is not I who will give you straw.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
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EXO 5 10 si2e figs-metonymy אֵינֶ֛נִּי 1 Pharaoh does not physically give the Israelites straw. Rather he had commanded his servants take straw that belongs to Pharaoh and give it to the Israelites. Now he told them to stop. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 5 10 gb4d figs-youdual לָכֶ֖ם 1 I will no longer give you This is plural and refers to the Israelite people. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br>
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EXO 5 10 gb4d figs-youdual לָכֶ֖ם 1 I will no longer give you This is plural and refers to the Israelite people. If your language uses different forms of **you** depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br>
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EXO 5 11 ewg6 grammar-connect-logic-contrast אַתֶּ֗ם לְכ֨וּ קְח֤וּ לָכֶם֙ תֶּ֔בֶן מֵאֲשֶׁ֖ר תִּמְצָ֑אוּ 1 The structure of this phrase serves as the opposing side of the contrast Pharaoh sets up in the last phrase. By explicitly using a pronoun with a command he is emphasizing who will go get straw. Translate this in a way that emphasizes the contrast between **I* and **you** if possible. See [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/05/10/7zfp]] for more info. Alternative translation: “Rather, it is you yourselves who must go get straw…” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
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EXO 5 11 xe4i figs-youdual אַתֶּ֗ם 1 you can find…your workload This is plural and refers to the Israelite people. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br>
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EXO 5 11 xe4i figs-youdual אַתֶּ֗ם 1 you can find…your workload This is plural and refers to the Israelite people. If your language uses different forms of **you** depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br>
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EXO 5 11 w918 figs-rpronouns אַתֶּ֗ם…לָכֶם֙ 1 You yourselves must go The repetition of **you** emphasizes that the Egyptians will no longer help them. Alternative translation: see UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
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EXO 5 11 g5vb figs-doublenegatives כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין נִגְרָ֛ע מֵעֲבֹדַתְכֶ֖ם דָּבָֽר 1 your workload will not be reduced This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “you must continue to make the same number of bricks as before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
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EXO 5 11 ucrc figs-quotemarks כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין נִגְרָ֛ע מֵעֲבֹדַתְכֶ֖ם דָּבָֽר 1 After this phrase (at the end of the verse), the direct quotes end. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing primary (and secondary if you made both layers direct quotes) quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ EXO 5 14 h4uo נֹגְשֵׂ֥י 1 Egyptians whose job was to force the Israel
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EXO 5 14 unbc figs-activepassive וַיֻּכּ֗וּ שֹֽׁטְרֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל 1 The text does not specify who beat the officers. It was probably either the taskmasters or someone the taskmasters ordered to beat the officers. If your language cannot express this with the passive, you can make the taskmasters the subject. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 5 14 eq22 figs-rquestion מַדּ֡וּעַ לֹא֩ כִלִּיתֶ֨ם חָקְכֶ֤ם לִלְבֹּן֙ כִּתְמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשֹׁ֔ם גַּם־תְּמ֖וֹל גַּם־הַיּֽוֹם 1 Why have you not produced all the bricks required of you…in the past? The taskmasters used this question to show they were angry with the lack of bricks. Alternate translation: “You are not producing enough bricks, either yesterday or today, as you did in the past!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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EXO 5 14 767c figs-quotemarks מַדּ֡וּעַ לֹא֩ כִלִּיתֶ֨ם חָקְכֶ֤ם לִלְבֹּן֙ כִּתְמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשֹׁ֔ם גַּם־תְּמ֖וֹל גַּם־הַיּֽוֹם 1 This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it off with primary quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])<br><br><br>
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EXO 5 14 oh6o figs-youdual כִלִּיתֶ֨ם חָקְכֶ֤ם 1 Here, **you** and **your** are plural. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. However, also see [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/05/14/emq7]]. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br>
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EXO 5 14 oh6o figs-youdual כִלִּיתֶ֨ם חָקְכֶ֤ם 1 Here, **you** and **your** are plural. If your language uses different forms of **you** depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural here. However, also see [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/05/14/emq7]]. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br>
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EXO 5 14 emq7 figs-synecdoche כִלִּיתֶ֨ם חָקְכֶ֤ם 1 cried out Here, **you** and **your** do not simply refer to the officers, they refer to the groups of Israelite workers the officers are in charge of. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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EXO 5 14 liz8 figs-idiom כִּתְמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשֹׁ֔ם 1 This is a Hebrew idiom meaning *in the past.* Specifically, here it refers to the time before the Egyptians stopped giving the Israelites straw. See how you translated this in [5:7](../05/07md) Alternative translation: “before” or “previously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 5 14 zklg גַּם־תְּמ֖וֹל גַּם־הַיּֽוֹם 1 This time expression refers to more recent days, ones since the Egyptians stopped giving the Israelites straw.
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@ -491,11 +491,11 @@ EXO 5 16 m0go וְהִנֵּ֧ה 1 This is used to draw attention to surpri
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EXO 5 16 xrly figs-activepassive עֲבָדֶ֛יךָ מֻכִּ֖ים 1 The text does not specify who beat the officers. It was probably either the taskmasters or someone the taskmasters ordered to beat the officers. If your language cannot express this with the passive, you can make the taskmasters the subject. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 5 16 ff2k figs-euphemism וְחָטָ֥את עַמֶּֽךָ 1 The Israelites are indirectly accusing Pharaoh of doing wrong. Consider polite or indirect ways of making accusations in your culture to translate this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
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EXO 5 16 l7sn וְחָטָ֥את 1 “wrong-doing”
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EXO 5 17 2vso figs-youdual אַתֶּ֖ם…אַתֶּ֣ם 1 These are plural. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br>
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EXO 5 17 2vso figs-youdual אַתֶּ֖ם…אַתֶּ֣ם 1 These are plural. If your language uses different forms of **you** depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br>
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EXO 5 17 5t4m figs-exclamations נִרְפִּ֥ים אַתֶּ֖ם נִרְפִּ֑ים 1 Pharaoh repeats himself for emphasis. In your translation, make sure the idea of laziness or idleness is repeated or strengthened in a way that is natural. Alternative translation: “You are extremely lazy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
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EXO 5 17 a8o2 figs-quotemarks נֵלְכָ֖ה נִזְבְּחָ֥ה לַֽיהוָֽה 1 Here, the king is quoting another person’s speech. This is a second layer quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it off with secondary quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 5 18 68ax figs-activepassive וְתֶ֖בֶן לֹא־יִנָּתֵ֣ן לָכֶ֑ם 1 You can translate this in active voice if needed. Subject could be *I* (as in Pharaoh) or *we* (as in, the Egyptians or Pharaoh and his taskmasters) or *my people,* etc, see UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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EXO 5 18 z6wt figs-youdual לָכֶ֑ם…תִּתֵּֽנּוּ 1 This means all the Israelites or the officers as representatives of all the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br>
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EXO 5 18 z6wt figs-youdual לָכֶ֑ם…תִּתֵּֽנּוּ 1 This means all the Israelites or the officers as representatives of all the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of **you** depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br>
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EXO 5 19 x6pp grammar-connect-logic-result וַיִּרְא֞וּ שֹֽׁטְרֵ֧י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֹתָ֖ם בְּרָ֣ע לֵאמֹ֑ר לֹא־תִגְרְע֥וּ מִלִּבְנֵיכֶ֖ם דְּבַר־י֥וֹם בְּיוֹמֽוֹ 1 You may need to reorder the events in this verse in your language to put the reason before the result. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
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EXO 5 19 i3ot figs-quotemarks לֹא־תִגְרְע֥וּ מִלִּבְנֵיכֶ֖ם דְּבַר־י֥וֹם בְּיוֹמֽוֹ 1 This is a direct quotation of what Pharaoh said. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it off with primary quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation of another person’s speech. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 5 19 l9d2 figs-rpronouns אֹתָ֖ם 1 when they were told The officers as both the subject and object because they are thinking about their own situation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
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@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ EXO 5 20 ve3z writing-newevent וַֽיִּפְגְּעוּ֙ 1 palace A new
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EXO 5 20 60cj writing-participants וַֽיִּפְגְּעוּ֙…לִקְרָאתָ֑ם בְּצֵאתָ֖ם 1 Here, **they** and **them** refer to the officers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
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EXO 5 21 jsbv figs-quotemarks יֵ֧רֶא יְהוָ֛ה עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם וְיִשְׁפֹּ֑ט אֲשֶׁ֧ר הִבְאַשְׁתֶּ֣ם אֶת־רֵיחֵ֗נוּ בְּעֵינֵ֤י פַרְעֹה֙ וּבְעֵינֵ֣י עֲבָדָ֔יו לָֽתֶת־חֶ֥רֶב בְּיָדָ֖ם לְהָרְגֵֽנוּ 1 This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it off with primary quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 5 21 kv0v יֵ֧רֶא יְהוָ֛ה עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם וְיִשְׁפֹּ֑ט 1 This is a form used for cursing or blessing someone; **and judge you** makes it a curse.
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EXO 5 21 4lou figs-youdual עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם וְיִשְׁפֹּ֑ט 1 This refers to Moses and Aaron. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a *dual* or plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br>
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EXO 5 21 4lou figs-youdual עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם וְיִשְׁפֹּ֑ט 1 This refers to Moses and Aaron. If your language uses different forms of **you** depending on the number of people addressed, use a *dual* or plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br>
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EXO 5 21 j3zp figs-metaphor הִבְאַשְׁתֶּ֣ם אֶת־רֵיחֵ֗נוּ בְּעֵינֵ֤י פַרְעֹה֙ וּבְעֵינֵ֣י עֲבָדָ֔יו 1 you have made us offensive The Egyptians responded to the Israelites the same way they would respond to a foul odor. Alternate translation: “you have caused them to hate us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 5 21 d592 figs-metonymy חֶ֥רֶב 1 have put a sword in their hand to kill us This represents an opportunity to destroy enemies. Alternate translation: “have given them a reason to kill us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 5 22 pm0l figs-quotemarks וַיֹּאמַ֑ר 1 After this phrase a direct quote begins which continues to the end of the chapter. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening primary quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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@ -531,13 +531,13 @@ EXO 6 5 0l2p וָאֶזְכֹּ֖ר אֶת־בְּרִיתִֽי 1 God r
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EXO 6 6 rgh0 grammar-connect-logic-result לָכֵ֞ן 1 God is now telling Moses to deliver a message of what God is going to do because of everything that he said in verses 2-5. The reason-result relationship is strongly marked here so translations should make sure to use a connector that marks verse 6-8 as a result of verses 2-5. Alternate translation: “Because of this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
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EXO 6 6 yv14 לָכֵ֞ן אֱמֹ֥ר לִבְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֘ל 1 say to the Israelites This is a command from Yahweh to Moses. Alternate translation: “So Yahweh told Moses to say to the Israelites”
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EXO 6 6 yg2d figs-quotemarks אֲנִ֣י 1 This begins a second layer quotation that continues to the end of Yahweh’s speech at the end of [verse 8](../06/08.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it off with secondary quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 6 6 we3z figs-youdual אֶתְכֶ֗ם…אֶתְכֶ֖ם…אֶתְכֶם֙ 1 This refers to the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of **you** depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
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EXO 6 6 we3z figs-youdual אֶתְכֶ֗ם…אֶתְכֶ֖ם…אֶתְכֶם֙ 1 This refers to the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of **you** depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
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EXO 6 6 oqnw figs-synecdoche מִתַּ֨חַת֙ סִבְלֹ֣ת מִצְרַ֔יִם 1 This refers to all the hard work the Egyptians made the Israelites do. Alternate translation: “from the hard work the Egyptians force you to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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EXO 6 6 xyn4 figs-metaphor בִּזְר֣וֹעַ נְטוּיָ֔ה 1 **arm** here is a figurative way of referring to God’s power, influence, and capacity for action. **outstretched** means that he is using that power. Alternate translation: “by my great strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 6 6 efx1 וּבִשְׁפָטִ֖ים 1 This refers to the plagues that God is about to harm Egypt and the Egyptians with. Each plague was a response to Pharaoh’s stubbornness. Alternate translation: “and by [greatly] harming the Egyptians”
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EXO 6 7 o3lb figs-youdual אֶתְכֶ֥ם…לָכֶ֖ם…וִֽידַעְתֶּ֗ם…אֱלֹ֣הֵיכֶ֔ם…אֶתְכֶ֔ם 1 Here, every occurrence of **you** refers to the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
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EXO 6 7 o3lb figs-youdual אֶתְכֶ֥ם…לָכֶ֖ם…וִֽידַעְתֶּ֗ם…אֱלֹ֣הֵיכֶ֔ם…אֶתְכֶ֔ם 1 Here, every occurrence of **you** refers to the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of **you** depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
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EXO 6 7 14ev figs-synecdoche מִתַּ֖חַת סִבְל֥וֹת מִצְרָֽיִם 1 This refers to all the hard work the Egyptians made the Israelites do. See what you did in the previous verse at [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/06/07/oqnw]]. Alternate translation: “from the hard work the Egyptians force you to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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EXO 6 8 h9ho figs-youdual אֶתְכֶם֙…לָכֶ֛ם 1 Here, every occurrence of **you** refers to the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
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EXO 6 8 h9ho figs-youdual אֶתְכֶם֙…לָכֶ֛ם 1 Here, every occurrence of **you** refers to the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of **you** depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
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EXO 6 8 g9ru translate-symaction נָשָׂ֨אתִי֙ אֶת־יָדִ֔י 1 I swore This is an action signifying making an oath. Raising the hand may not have the same meaning in your culture so you may need to use a different symbolic oath taking action in your translation or simply translate the meaning. Alternate translation: “I promised” or “I said I would” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
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EXO 6 8 i3vj מוֹרָשָׁ֖ה 1 This means the Israelites will own the land. Alternate translation: “as your own land”
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EXO 6 8 ipnm figs-quotemarks אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה 1 After this phrase, the direct quote of Yahweh ends. Both the primary and secondary quotes end. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing primary and secondary quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation and a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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@ -594,7 +594,7 @@ EXO 7 2 hdwo figs-quotations וְשִׁלַּ֥ח אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־י
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EXO 7 2 204o מֵאַרְצֽוֹ 1 “Egypt”
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EXO 7 3 adsq figs-metaphor אַקְשֶׁ֖ה אֶת־לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֑ה 1 This means God will make him stubborn. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. If heart is not the body part your culture uses to refer to a person’s will, consider using whichever organ your culture would use for this image. See how you translated this in [Exodus 4:21](../04/21.md), but note the slightly different metaphor there: the heart being strong vs. hard. Alternate translation: “will cause Pharaoh to be stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 7 3 vtt1 figs-doublet אֶת־אֹתֹתַ֛י וְאֶת־מוֹפְתַ֖י 1 many signs…many wonders The words “signs” and “wonders” mean basically the same thing. God uses them to emphasize the greatness of what he will do in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
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EXO 7 4 ar0l figs-youdual אֲלֵכֶם֙ 1 Moses and Aaron. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a dual (if you have one) or plural (if not) here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br>
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EXO 7 4 ar0l figs-youdual אֲלֵכֶם֙ 1 Moses and Aaron. If your language uses different forms of **you** depending on the number of people addressed, use a dual (if you have one) or plural (if not) here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br>
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EXO 7 4 e2kv figs-metonymy יָדִ֖י 1 put my hand on The words “my hand” represent God’s great power. Alternate translation: “use my power against” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 7 4 0r0r figs-metonymy בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם 1 This refers to **Egypt** as a land and everything in it, including people, animals, and plants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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EXO 7 4 nilu אֶת־צִבְאֹתַ֜י אֶת־עַמִּ֤י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ 1 This phrase refers to the Israelites in three different ways, not to three different groups of people. **armies** is the same word used in [Exodus 6:26](../06/26.md). Alternate translation: “the armies of my Israelite people”
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@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ EXO 7 9 jt9z figs-quotations כִּי֩ יְדַבֵּ֨ר אֲלֵכֶ֤ם
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EXO 7 9 ye9j figs-quotemarks תְּנ֥וּ לָכֶ֖ם מוֹפֵ֑ת 1 This is a second layer direct quotation. If you did not decide to make it an indirect quotation, it may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it off with secondary quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 7 9 r0tp figs-quotemarks קַ֧ח אֶֽת־מַטְּךָ֛ וְהַשְׁלֵ֥ךְ לִפְנֵֽי־פַרְעֹ֖ה יְהִ֥י לְתַנִּֽין 1 This is a second layer direct quotation. The second layer may end after **Pharaoh.** If you did not decide to make it an indirect quotation, it may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it off with secondary quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation within a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
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EXO 7 9 p3xh לֵאמֹ֔ר 1 This marks the beginning of a direct quote and is often omitted in translation when such a construction is unnatural in the target language. See UST.
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EXO 7 9 ms5o figs-youdual אֲלֵכֶ֤ם…לָכֶ֖ם 1 These are plural, refering to Moses and Aaron. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a dual (if you have one) or plural (if not) here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
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EXO 7 9 ms5o figs-youdual אֲלֵכֶ֤ם…לָכֶ֖ם 1 These are plural, refering to Moses and Aaron. If your language uses different forms of **you** depending on the number of people addressed, use a dual (if you have one) or plural (if not) here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
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EXO 7 9 6hfg figs-quotesinquotes תְּנ֥וּ לָכֶ֖ם מוֹפֵ֑ת 1 This is a second layer quotation. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer layer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
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EXO 7 9 s5a9 קַ֧ח אֶֽת־מַטְּךָ֛ וְהַשְׁלֵ֥ךְ לִפְנֵֽי־פַרְעֹ֖ה יְהִ֥י לְתַנִּֽין 1 This is a second layer quotation. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer layer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
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EXO 7 9 ogk9 figs-metonymy לִפְנֵֽי־פַרְעֹ֖ה 1 This time while, **before the face of,** still has the standard figurative meaning of *in the presence of,* it is a much more literal use here. Moses is to actually do the miracles in front of Pharaoh, so he can see them. Alternative translation: “so Pharaoh can see them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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@ -744,7 +744,7 @@ EXO 8 24 nd6e figs-activepassive תִּשָּׁחֵ֥ת הָאָ֖רֶץ מִ
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EXO 8 24 ngue figs-metonymy מִפְּנֵ֥י הֶעָרֹֽב 1 Here, **face** figuratively represents the presence of the insects. Alternate translation: “because the insects were everywhere” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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||||
EXO 8 25 e7l0 grammar-connect-time-simultaneous וַיִּקְרָ֣א 1 This happened during the plague. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])
|
||||
EXO 8 25 ciy5 figs-quotemarks לְכ֛וּ זִבְח֥וּ לֵֽאלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם בָּאָֽרֶץ 1 This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it off with primary quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
|
||||
EXO 8 25 gj2w figs-youdual לֵֽאלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם 1 Here, **your** is plural. it could refer either to Moses and Aaron or to the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a dual (if you have one) if your team decides it means Moses and Aaron, otherwise use a plural form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
|
||||
EXO 8 25 gj2w figs-youdual לֵֽאלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם 1 Here, **your** is plural. it could refer either to Moses and Aaron or to the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of **you** depending on the number of people addressed, use a dual (if you have one) if your team decides it means Moses and Aaron, otherwise use a plural form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
|
||||
EXO 8 26 tvnj figs-quotemarks וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֗ה 1 After this phrase a direct quote begins that continues until the end of [8:27](../08/27.md). It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with an opening primary quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the beginning of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
|
||||
EXO 8 26 9x8p תּוֹעֲבַ֣ת מִצְרַ֔יִם…תּוֹעֲבַ֥ת מִצְרַ֛יִם 1 We do not know what about their sacrificing was an **abomination** to the Egyptians. The same term is used in Genesis 43:32 and 46:34 to describe the Egyptians’ feelings about eating with Hebrews and about the Hebrew profession of shepherding, respectively. Translators should attempt to convey the strong negative feelings that would be provoked in the Egyptians without speculating as to the cause.
|
||||
EXO 8 26 43cl figs-exclusive נִזְבַּ֖ח …אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ …נִזְבַּ֞ח …יִסְקְלֻֽנוּ 1 Here, **we, our,** and **us** should all be translated as exclusive (if your language makes that distinction). Pharaoh and the Egyptians are not included. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
|
||||
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|
@ -753,7 +753,7 @@ EXO 8 26 gy7d figs-metonymy לְעֵינֵיהֶ֖ם 1 right before their
|
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EXO 8 27 ju3u figs-exclusive נֵלֵ֖ךְ…וְזָבַ֨חְנוּ֙…אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ…אֵלֵֽינוּ 1 Here, **we, our,** and **us** should all be translated as exclusive (if your language makes that distinction). Pharaoh and his people are not included. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
|
||||
EXO 8 27 clc3 figs-quotemarks אֵלֵֽינוּ 1 After this phrase, the direct quote of Moses’ argument to Pharaoh ends. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this with a closing primary quotation mark or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate the end of a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
|
||||
EXO 8 28 p3pd figs-quotemarks אָנֹכִ֞י אֲשַׁלַּ֤ח אֶתְכֶם֙ וּזְבַחְתֶּ֞ם לַיהוָ֤ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶם֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר רַ֛ק הַרְחֵ֥ק לֹא־תַרְחִ֖יקוּ לָלֶ֑כֶת הַעְתִּ֖ירוּ בַּעֲדִֽי 1 This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it off with primary quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
|
||||
EXO 8 28 qxes figs-youdual אֶתְכֶם֙ …אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶם֙ …תַרְחִ֖יקוּ 1 If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
|
||||
EXO 8 28 qxes figs-youdual אֶתְכֶם֙ …אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶם֙ …תַרְחִ֖יקוּ 1 If your language uses different forms of **you** depending on the number of people addressed, use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
|
||||
EXO 8 28 mla2 אֶתְכֶם֙ 1 “the Israelites”
|
||||
EXO 8 28 hnud figs-idiom הַרְחֵ֥ק…תַרְחִ֖יקוּ 1 In Hebrew, **far** is repeated to emphasize (with **not**) that they are absolutely not to go too far. If your language does not use repeating words like this, express the emphasis in another way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||||
EXO 8 29 kgkx figs-quotemarks הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֜י יוֹצֵ֤א מֵֽעִמָּךְ֙ וְהַעְתַּרְתִּ֣י אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וְסָ֣ר הֶעָרֹ֗ב מִפַּרְעֹ֛ה מֵעֲבָדָ֥יו וּמֵעַמּ֖וֹ מָחָ֑ר רַ֗ק אַל־יֹסֵ֤ף פַּרְעֹה֙ הָתֵ֔ל לְבִלְתִּי֙ שַׁלַּ֣ח אֶת־הָעָ֔ם לִזְבֹּ֖חַ לַֽיהוָֽה 1 This is a direct quotation. It may be helpful to your readers to indicate this by marking it off with primary quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
|
||||
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@ -779,7 +779,7 @@ EXO 9 2 l7ld figs-parallelism כִּ֛י אִם־מָאֵ֥ן אַתָּ֖ה ל
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EXO 9 3 fltr הִנֵּ֨ה 1 This is used to draw attention to surprising information that follows. Alternate translation: “look out”
|
||||
EXO 9 3 ume2 figs-metonymy יַד־יְהוָ֜ה הוֹיָ֗ה בְּמִקְנְךָ֙ 1 then Yahweh’s hand will be on your cattle Here, **hand** represents Yahweh’s power to afflict their animals with disease. Alternate translation: “then the power of Yahweh will afflict your livestock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
EXO 9 3 cjt9 figs-123person יַד־יְהוָ֜ה 1 This is part of the reported speech that Yahweh wants Moses to say to Pharaoh. Therefore you could change the third person **the hand of Yahweh** to first person if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “my hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
|
||||
EXO 9 3 tn3z figs-youdual בְּמִקְנְךָ֙ 1 on your cattle While the word **your** here is not plural, the next verse shows that it refers to all the people of Egypt who owned cattle. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed you may want to use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
|
||||
EXO 9 3 tn3z figs-youdual בְּמִקְנְךָ֙ 1 on your cattle While the word **your** here is not plural, the next verse shows that it refers to all the people of Egypt who owned cattle. If your language uses different forms of **you** depending on the number of people addressed, you may want to use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
|
||||
EXO 9 3 v8ur figs-merism בַּסּוּסִ֤ים בַּֽחֲמֹרִים֙ בַּגְּמַלִּ֔ים בַּבָּקָ֖ר וּבַצֹּ֑אן 1 This long list is meant to reinforce the universal effects of the coming plague. It is presented in this way for rhetorical effect, that is, to convince Pharaoh of how bad this plague will be so he will obey. You should translate the list in such a way that it is not limiting, but is understood to imply universality. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]
|
||||
EXO 9 3 2kqc figs-collectivenouns בַּבָּקָ֖ר …וּבַצֹּ֑אן 1 These singular nouns refer to groups of animals. Alternate translation: “on your bulls and cows and on your sheep and goats” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]])
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||||
EXO 9 3 3ud8 figs-metaphor כָּבֵ֥ד 1 Here, the plague is spoken of as if it weighed a lot. This means it would be very bad. Alternate translation: “severe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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||||
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@ -852,7 +852,7 @@ EXO 10 28 lcz2 1 Be careful about one thing “Make sure of one thing” or
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EXO 10 28 te45 figs-synecdoche 1 you see my face Here the word “face” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “you see me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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||||
EXO 10 29 h1jf figs-idiom 1 You yourself have spoken With these words, Moses emphasizes that Pharaoh has spoken the truth. Alternate translation: “What you have said is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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||||
EXO 11 intro pu3u 0 # Exodus 11 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Pharaoh’s hard heart<br><br>Pharaoh’s heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh’s instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Let my people go<br><br>In the previous chapters, Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he demanded that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people. In this chapter, the same wording is used to refer to Pharaoh “allowing” the Hebrew people to leave Egypt.
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EXO 11 1 i87h figs-you 1 he will let you go from here Each occurrence of the word “you” in this verse is plural and refers to Moses and the rest of the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
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EXO 11 1 i87h figs-you 1 he will let you go from here Each occurrence of the word **you** in this verse is plural and refers to Moses and the rest of the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
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EXO 11 4 kpb5 1 midnight This is the time of 12 am (at night) or 2400 hours.
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||||
EXO 11 5 hv8k 1 All the firstborn…the firstborn of Pharaoh…the firstborn of the slave girl…the firstborn of the cattle The “firstborn” always refers to the oldest male offspring.
|
||||
EXO 11 5 k42h 1 who sits on his throne This phrase refers to Pharaoh.
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@ -955,7 +955,7 @@ EXO 13 20 xq5d translate-names 1 camped at Etham Etham is located south of the
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EXO 13 21 jnv8 1 pillar of cloud…pillar of fire “a cloud in the shape of a column…fire in the shape of a column.” God is with them in a cloud by day and in a fire by night.
|
||||
EXO 14 intro jq4u 0 # Exodus 14 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This is an important event in the history of Israel, known as the “parting of the Sea of Reeds.”<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Pharaoh’s hard heart<br><br>Pharaoh’s heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh’s instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh.<br><br>### Pharaoh’s chariots<br>These chariots were a fighting force. Pharaoh took an army to kill the Hebrew people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical Questions<br>The Israelites asked a few rhetorical questions of Moses. These questions were not really directed at Moses, but at Yahweh. This showed their lack of faith in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])
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EXO 14 2 mb4e translate-names 1 Pi Hahiroth…Migdol…Baal Zephon These are towns on Egypt’s eastern border. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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||||
EXO 14 2 c9r8 figs-you 1 You are to camp Here the word “You” is plural and refers to Moses and the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
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||||
EXO 14 2 c9r8 figs-you 1 You are to camp Here, **You** is plural and refers to Moses and the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 14 3 c81b figs-quotations 1 Pharaoh will say about the Israelites, ‘They are wandering in the land. The wilderness has closed in on them.’ This can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh will say the Israelites are wandering in the land and the wilderness has closed in on them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
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EXO 14 3 tz6j figs-personification 1 The wilderness has closed in on them Pharaoh speaks of the wilderness as a person who has trapped the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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EXO 14 4 mm7j 1 General Information: Yahweh continues to instruct Moses on where to go and what Yahweh will do.
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@ -979,7 +979,7 @@ EXO 14 11 x4n2 figs-rquestion 1 Why have you treated us like this, bringing us
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EXO 14 12 itb2 figs-rquestion 1 Is this not what we told you in Egypt? The Israelites ask this question to emphasize that this is what they had told Moses. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is exactly what we told you while we were in Egypt.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||||
EXO 14 12 ix25 figs-quotations 1 We said to you, ‘Leave us alone, so we can work for the Egyptians.’ This can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “We told you to leave us alone, so we could work for the Egyptians.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
|
||||
EXO 14 13 lat4 1 Moses said to the people Moses responds to the Israelites’ fears.
|
||||
EXO 14 13 rrd4 figs-you 1 provide for you The pronoun “you” refers to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 14 13 rrd4 figs-you 1 provide for you The pronoun **you** refers to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 14 13 h5n4 figs-euphemism 1 For you will never see again the Egyptians Moses used a polite way of saying God was going to destroy the Egyptian army. Alternate translation: “For God will kill the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
|
||||
EXO 14 15 a727 figs-rquestion 1 Why are you, Moses, continuing to call out to me? Moses apparently had been praying to God for help so God uses this question to compel Moses to act. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Do not call out to me any longer, Moses.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||||
EXO 14 16 t3e4 1 divide it in two “divide the sea into two parts”
|
||||
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@ -1092,7 +1092,7 @@ EXO 16 25 pr1p 1 today is a day reserved as a Sabbath to honor Yahweh “today
|
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EXO 16 26 jv77 translate-numbers 1 but the seventh day “but on day seven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||||
EXO 16 26 hq5i 1 manna This was the name the Israelites gave to the bread that Yahweh caused to appear for them each morning.
|
||||
EXO 16 27 qf14 1 they found none “they did not find any manna”
|
||||
EXO 16 28 q41d 1 General Information: Yahweh speaks to Moses, but the word “you” refers to the people of Israel in general.
|
||||
EXO 16 28 q41d 1 General Information: Yahweh speaks to Moses, but the word **you** refers to the people of Israel in general.
|
||||
EXO 16 28 e1vx figs-rquestion 1 How long will you refuse to keep my commandments and my laws? God used this question to scold the people because they did not obey his laws. Alternate translation: “You people still do not keep my commandments and laws!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||||
EXO 16 28 vnq7 1 to keep my commandments and my laws “to obey my commandments and my laws”
|
||||
EXO 16 29 p22l figs-metaphor 1 Yahweh has given you the Sabbath Yahweh speaks about teaching people to rest on the Sabbath as if the Sabbath were a gift. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, have taught you to rest on the Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
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@ -1164,7 +1164,7 @@ EXO 19 1 xw7p 1 had gone out from “had left”
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EXO 19 2 nk51 translate-names 1 Rephidim This is an area on the edge of the wilderness of Sinai where the people of Israel had been camping. See how you translated this name in [Exodus 17:1](../17/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
|
||||
EXO 19 3 s2qt figs-metonymy 1 the house of Jacob The word “house” here represents Jacob’s family and descendants. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
EXO 19 3 f4qw 1 the house of Jacob, the people of Israel The phrase “the people of Israel” explains what “the house of Jacob” means.
|
||||
EXO 19 4 z9i6 figs-you 1 You have seen The word “you” here refers to the Israelites. Yahweh is telling Moses what to tell the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
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||||
EXO 19 4 z9i6 figs-you 1 You have seen The word **you** here refers to the Israelites. Yahweh is telling Moses what to tell the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 19 4 b7ph figs-metaphor 1 I carried you on eagles’ wings God speaks of caring for his people while they traveled as if he were an eagle and carried them on his wings. Alternate translation: “I helped you travel like an eagle that carries her babies on her wings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
EXO 19 5 th35 1 obediently listen to my voice Obediently can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “listen to my voice and obey me”
|
||||
EXO 19 5 c767 figs-metonymy 1 my voice God’s voice represents what he says. Alternate translation: “what I say” or “my words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
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@ -1433,7 +1433,7 @@ EXO 24 17 k5lj figs-metaphor 1 in the eyes of the Israelites Their eyes represe
|
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EXO 24 18 h1wy translate-numbers 1 forty days and forty nights “40 days and 40 nights” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
|
||||
EXO 25 intro t23a 0 # Exodus 25 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The tent of meeting<br>This chapter gives specific instructions regarding the building of a tent where Moses would meet Yahweh and the ark would be stored. This would eventually become the tabernacle. It was to be considered a very holy place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
|
||||
EXO 25 2 r5yr figs-idiom 1 who is motivated by a willing heart This is an idiom that indicates a person’s desire to give an offering. Alternate translation: “who wants to give an offering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||||
EXO 25 2 k78q figs-you 1 You must receive The word “you” refers to Moses and the leaders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 25 2 k78q figs-you 1 You must receive The word **you** refers to Moses and the leaders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 25 3 s2ls 1 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
|
||||
EXO 25 4 c1qn 1 blue, purple, and scarlet material Possible meanings are (1) “material that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet,” probably wool yarn, or (2) “blue, purple and scarlet dye” to dye the linen.
|
||||
EXO 25 4 c958 1 scarlet bright red
|
||||
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@ -1443,8 +1443,8 @@ EXO 25 7 aks5 figs-activepassive 1 precious stones to be set This can be stated
|
|||
EXO 25 7 c3hk 1 precious stones “valuable gems” or “treasured gems”
|
||||
EXO 25 8 d3vm 1 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
|
||||
EXO 25 9 w4sc 1 tabernacle Here this word means the same thing as the word “sanctuary” in verse 8.
|
||||
EXO 25 9 c9qe figs-you 1 You must make it Here “you” is plural and refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 25 9 m1np figs-you 1 show you in the plans “show you in the design” or “show you in the pattern.” Here “you” is singular and refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 25 9 c9qe figs-you 1 You must make it Here **you** is plural and refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 25 9 m1np figs-you 1 show you in the plans “show you in the design” or “show you in the pattern.” Here **you** is singular and refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 25 10 n7j1 1 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
|
||||
EXO 25 10 cs23 translate-bdistance 1 two and a half cubits…one cubit and a half A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “2.5 cubits…1.5 cubits” or “115 centimeters…almost 69 centimeters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
|
||||
EXO 25 12 e59p 1 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
|
||||
|
|
@ -1457,9 +1457,9 @@ EXO 25 18 hfw6 1 hammered gold “beaten gold”
|
|||
EXO 25 19 rgn8 1 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
|
||||
EXO 25 19 j38e 1 atonement lid This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](../25/17.md).
|
||||
EXO 25 19 b4l9 figs-activepassive 1 They must be made This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must make them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
EXO 25 21 lm1p figs-you 1 You must put Here “you” refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 25 21 lm1p figs-you 1 You must put Here **you** refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 25 22 hl6e 1 General Information: Yahweh continues to speak to Moses.
|
||||
EXO 25 22 zu9u figs-you 1 It is at the ark that I will meet with you “I will meet with you at the ark.” In 25:22 the word “you” is singular and refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 25 22 zu9u figs-you 1 It is at the ark that I will meet with you “I will meet with you at the ark.” In 25:22 the word **you** is singular and refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 25 22 wq9w 1 atonement lid This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](../25/17.md).
|
||||
EXO 25 23 b11v 1 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
|
||||
EXO 25 23 t312 translate-bdistance 1 two cubits…one cubit…a cubit and a half A cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “2 cubits…1 cubit…1.5 cubits” or “92 centimeters…46 centimeters…69 centimeters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
|
||||
|
|
@ -1490,7 +1490,7 @@ EXO 25 39 ff8n 1 its accessories the tongs and the trays
|
|||
EXO 25 40 l7je figs-activepassive 1 you are being shown on the mountain This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I am showing you on the mountain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
EXO 26 intro emw7 0 # Exodus 26 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is a continuation of the material in the previous chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The tent of meeting<br>This chapter gives specific instructions regarding the building of a tent where Moses would meet Yahweh and the ark would be stored. This would eventually become the tabernacle. It was to be considered a very holy place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
|
||||
EXO 26 1 hen6 1 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do ([Exodus 25:1](../25/01.md)).
|
||||
EXO 26 1 ks8r figs-you 1 You must make Yahweh is speaking to Moses, so the word “you” is singular. Yahweh probably expected Moses to tell someone else to do the actual work, but Moses would be the one responsible for seeing that the work was done correctly. “Tell a craftsman to make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 26 1 ks8r figs-you 1 You must make Yahweh is speaking to Moses, so the word **you** is singular. Yahweh probably expected Moses to tell someone else to do the actual work, but Moses would be the one responsible for seeing that the work was done correctly. “Tell a craftsman to make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 26 1 iww4 1 curtains These were large, heavy sections of woven cloth that were used to form the covering and dividing walls of the tabernacle.
|
||||
EXO 26 1 xvs7 1 scarlet wool wool dyed a deep red color
|
||||
EXO 26 1 n2vm 1 craftsman a person who is skilled in making beautiful objects by hand
|
||||
|
|
@ -1531,7 +1531,7 @@ EXO 26 29 ji1j 1 for them to serve as holders for the crossbars “which will
|
|||
EXO 26 29 nq3m 1 crossbars These are horizontal support beams that give stability to the structure. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:26](../26/26.md).
|
||||
EXO 26 30 csf9 figs-activepassive 1 you were shown on the mountain This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that I have shown you here on this mountain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
EXO 26 31 yqi6 1 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Moses how the tabernacle is to be constructed.
|
||||
EXO 26 31 uc7w figs-you 1 You must make Yahweh is speaking to Moses, so the word “you” is singular. Yahweh probably expected Moses to tell someone else to do the actual work, but Moses would be the one responsible for seeing that the work was done correctly. “Tell a craftsman to make.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:1](../26/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 26 31 uc7w figs-you 1 You must make Yahweh is speaking to Moses, so the word **you** is singular. Yahweh probably expected Moses to tell someone else to do the actual work, but Moses would be the one responsible for seeing that the work was done correctly. “Tell a craftsman to make.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:1](../26/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 26 33 p2yq 1 clasps The clasps fit into the loops to hold the curtains together. See how you translated these in [Exodus 26:6](./06.md).
|
||||
EXO 26 33 d3gm figs-explicit 1 you must bring in the ark of the testimony The ark of the testimony is the chest that contains the commandments. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “you must bring in the chest containing the commandments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||||
EXO 26 33 jc47 figs-activepassive 1 The curtain is to separate the holy place This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The curtain will separate the holy place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
|
|
@ -1600,7 +1600,7 @@ EXO 27 21 vr7m 1 This requirement will be a lasting statute “I require that
|
|||
EXO 28 intro r3yx 0 # Exodus 28 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Holy garments<br>Because Yahweh is holy, only the priests could approach him, and when they did they must be wearing specially made clothing. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
|
||||
EXO 28 1 bsm1 1 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do ([Exodus 25:1](../25/01.md)).
|
||||
EXO 28 1 e1xb figs-you 1 Call to yourself Here “yourself” refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 28 2 tv9h figs-you 1 You must make Here “you” refers to the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 28 2 tv9h figs-you 1 You must make Here **you** refers to the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 28 2 t5gy figs-activepassive 1 garments that are set apart to me This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “garments that you will set apart to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
EXO 28 4 re79 1 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
|
||||
EXO 28 4 tr5e 1 a coat of woven work “a coat with a design woven into it”
|
||||
|
|
@ -1675,7 +1675,7 @@ EXO 28 43 s6n2 1 tent of meeting This is another name for the tabernacle. See
|
|||
EXO 28 43 r7y7 1 a permanent law “a law the will not end”
|
||||
EXO 29 intro xmd9 0 # Exodus 29 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Consecrating priests<br>This chapter records the process of consecrating priests. The priests were to be set apart from the rest of Israel because Yahweh is holy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/consecrate]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “I will live among the Israelites”<br>As God, Yahweh is everywhere and cannot be limited to a single space. This phrase indicates that he permanently remains within Israel in a special way while they have the ark.
|
||||
EXO 29 1 d6gk 1 Now The word “now” marks a change in topic from garments for priests to consecrating priests.
|
||||
EXO 29 1 z78h 1 you must do Here “you” refers to Moses.
|
||||
EXO 29 1 z78h 1 you must do Here **you** refers to Moses.
|
||||
EXO 29 1 ld5s 1 to set them apart “to set apart Aaron and his sons”
|
||||
EXO 29 1 dq2c 1 serve me Here “me” refers to Yahweh.
|
||||
EXO 29 1 cgl2 1 one young bull a male cow
|
||||
|
|
@ -1756,7 +1756,7 @@ EXO 29 43 ic8i figs-activepassive 1 the tent will be set apart for me by my glo
|
|||
EXO 29 45 zcs1 1 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
|
||||
EXO 30 intro z3yc 0 # Exodus 30 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Atonement<br>The atonement offered by the priests was very important in the religious life of Israel. In order to offer sacrifices, the priests had to maintain ritual cleanliness by washing themselves. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])
|
||||
EXO 30 1 r1f4 1 General Information: Yahweh tells Moses how to build the worship equipment.
|
||||
EXO 30 1 v8vb figs-you 1 You must make Here “you” refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 30 1 v8vb figs-you 1 You must make Here **you** refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 30 2 w56e figs-activepassive 1 Its horns must be made These were projections that looked like ox horns attached to the four corners of the altar. See how you translated “horns” in [Exodus 27:2](../27/02.md). Alternate translation: “You must make its horns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
EXO 30 3 d3uu 1 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
|
||||
EXO 30 3 ddb2 1 the incense altar “an altar to burn incense”
|
||||
|
|
@ -1764,14 +1764,14 @@ EXO 30 4 qyg4 figs-activepassive 1 to be attached to it This can be stated in a
|
|||
EXO 30 5 r61h 1 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
|
||||
EXO 30 6 h33c figs-explicit 1 ark of the testimony The ark is the chest that contains the commandments. This can be stated clearly in the translation. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:33](../26/33.md). Alternate translation: “the chest containing the commandments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||||
EXO 30 6 e52i 1 atonement lid This is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](../25/17.md).
|
||||
EXO 30 6 vg6k figs-you 1 where I will meet with you Here “you” refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 30 6 vg6k figs-you 1 where I will meet with you Here **you** refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 30 7 l2rl 1 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
|
||||
EXO 30 8 qm7i 1 throughout your generations “through all the generations of your descendants.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:14](../12/14.md).
|
||||
EXO 30 9 ckf9 1 But you must offer Though the word “you” is addressed to Moses, the instruction is given specifically to Aaron and his descendants as to when and what they are to offer on the altar of incense.
|
||||
EXO 30 9 ckf9 1 But you must offer Though the word **you** is addressed to Moses, the instruction is given specifically to Aaron and his descendants as to when and what they are to offer on the altar of incense.
|
||||
EXO 30 10 ez2s 1 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
|
||||
EXO 30 10 k6xk 1 horns These were projections that looked like ox horns attached to the four corners of the altar. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:2](../27/02.md).
|
||||
EXO 30 10 san2 1 throughout your generations “through all the generations of your descendants.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:14](../12/14.md).
|
||||
EXO 30 12 s73c figs-you 1 When you take Possible meanings are (1) “you” refers to just Moses or (2) “you” refers to Moses and the leaders of Israel in future generations when they take a census. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 30 12 s73c figs-you 1 When you take Possible meanings are (1) **you** refers to just Moses or (2) **you** refers to Moses and the leaders of Israel in future generations when they take a census. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 30 12 k5p1 1 a census of the Israelites The leaders only counted the Israelite men.
|
||||
EXO 30 13 s69s figs-activepassive 1 Everyone who is counted This can be stated in active form. They counted only the men. Alternate translation: “Everyone you count” or “Every man you count” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
EXO 30 13 i4wk translate-bmoney 1 half a shekel of silver “1/2 a shekel of silver.” Translators may use a unit of measure that people understand and a round number: “5.5 grams of silver” or “six grams of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
|
||||
|
|
@ -1782,7 +1782,7 @@ EXO 30 15 r7fd 1 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the
|
|||
EXO 30 15 rll6 1 the people Only the men made this offering.
|
||||
EXO 30 15 e8xa translate-bmoney 1 the half shekel Translators may use a unit of measure that people understand and a round number: “the 5.5 grams of silver” or “the 6 grams of silver.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 3:13](../03/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
|
||||
EXO 30 16 z6tn 1 It must be a reminder to the Israelites before me, to make atonement for your lives Possible meanings are (1) “It will remind the Israelites to make atonement for their lives” or (2) “It will remind the Israelites that they have made atonement for their lives.”
|
||||
EXO 30 18 ye18 figs-you 1 You must also make Here “you” refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 30 18 ye18 figs-you 1 You must also make Here **you** refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 30 18 v88y 1 bronze basin “bronze bowl” or “bronze tub”
|
||||
EXO 30 18 bh82 1 a bronze stand This is what the basin would be put on.
|
||||
EXO 30 18 iq8n 1 a basin for washing This phrase explains what the priests were to use the large bronze basin for.
|
||||
|
|
@ -1801,7 +1801,7 @@ EXO 30 25 juf3 1 with these ingredients “with these items”
|
|||
EXO 30 25 k3s5 1 the work of a perfumer Possible meanings are (1) Moses was to have a perfumer do the work or (2) Moses was to do the work himself the way a perfumer would do it.
|
||||
EXO 30 25 yv9l 1 a perfumer a person who is skilled in mixing spices and oils
|
||||
EXO 30 26 f7k5 1 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
|
||||
EXO 30 26 u241 figs-you 1 You must anoint Here “you” refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 30 26 u241 figs-you 1 You must anoint Here **you** refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 30 26 d4id figs-explicit 1 ark of the testimony The ark is the chest that contains the commandments. This can be stated clearly in the translation. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:33](../26/33.md). Alternate translation: “the chest containing the commandments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
|
||||
EXO 30 28 v5mk 1 the altar for burnt offerings “the altar on which offering were burnt”
|
||||
EXO 30 29 a9hr 1 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
|
||||
|
|
@ -1811,13 +1811,13 @@ EXO 30 32 w4dt 1 General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what Mose
|
|||
EXO 30 32 rlk4 figs-activepassive 1 It must not be applied to people’s skin This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must not put the anointing oil that is dedicated to Yahweh on a person’s skin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
EXO 30 32 v3br 1 with the same formula “with the same ingredients” or “with the same items”
|
||||
EXO 30 33 pa53 figs-metaphor 1 that person must be cut off from his people The metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: (1) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” (2) “the people of Israel must send him away” or (3) “the people of Israel must kill him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
EXO 30 34 r3j2 1 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Moses what to do. Yahweh gives the commands only to Moses: all instances of “you” are singular. However, the words “blended by a perfumer” might mean that Moses could have the perfumer take the spices, blend them, grind them, and give them to Moses so Moses could put part of the mixture in front of the ark, as in UST.
|
||||
EXO 30 34 r3j2 1 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Moses what to do. Yahweh gives the commands only to Moses: all instances of **you** are singular. However, the words “blended by a perfumer” might mean that Moses could have the perfumer take the spices, blend them, grind them, and give them to Moses so Moses could put part of the mixture in front of the ark, as in UST.
|
||||
EXO 30 35 as9y figs-activepassive 1 Make it into the form of incense, blended by a perfumer The phrase with “blended” can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Make it into the form of incense that a perfumer has blended” or “A perfumer must blend it into a kind of incense” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
EXO 30 35 y8yj 1 blended by a perfumer Possible meanings are (1) Moses was to have a perfumer do the work or (2) Moses was to do the work himself the way a perfumer would do it. See how you translated these words in [Exodus 30:25](../30/25.md).
|
||||
EXO 30 36 nz2a figs-you 1 You will grind it “You will crush it.” Here “you” refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 30 36 t8y9 figs-you 1 You will regard Here “you” is plural and refers to Moses and all the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 30 36 nz2a figs-you 1 You will grind it “You will crush it.” Here **you** refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 30 36 t8y9 figs-you 1 You will regard Here **you** is plural and refers to Moses and all the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 30 37 z4p5 1 General Information: Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
|
||||
EXO 30 37 dq6c 1 you must not make any The word “you” here refers to the people of Israel.
|
||||
EXO 30 37 dq6c 1 you must not make any The word **you** here refers to the people of Israel.
|
||||
EXO 30 37 yv1y 1 with the same formula “with the same ingredients” or “with the same items.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:32](../30/32.md).
|
||||
EXO 30 37 wh25 1 It must be most holy to you “You must consider it to be most holy”
|
||||
EXO 30 38 xn6v 1 perfume This is a pleasant smelling liquid a person puts on his or her body.
|
||||
|
|
@ -1865,7 +1865,7 @@ EXO 32 9 bh7c figs-metaphor 1 I have seen this people Here Yahweh compares know
|
|||
EXO 32 9 ffe2 figs-metaphor 1 a stiff-necked people Yahweh speaks of the people being stubborn as if they had stiff necks. Alternate translation: “a stubborn people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
EXO 32 10 fmk3 1 Now then The word “now” is used here to mark a break in what Yahweh was telling Moses. Here Yahweh tells what he will do to the people.
|
||||
EXO 32 10 sd9w figs-metaphor 1 My anger will burn hot against them Yahweh speaks of his anger as if it were a fire that could burn hot. Alternate translation: “My anger towards them will be terrible” or “I am extremely angry with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
EXO 32 10 vc2u figs-you 1 from you The word “you” refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 32 10 vc2u figs-you 1 from you The word **you** refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 32 11 h62e figs-metaphor 1 why does your anger burn against your people…a mighty hand? Moses used this question to try to persuade Yahweh not to be so angry with his people. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Do not let your anger burn against your people…a mighty hand.” or “Do not be so angry with your people…a mighty hand.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||||
EXO 32 11 t2cv figs-doublet 1 great power…mighty hand These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
|
||||
EXO 32 11 ph43 figs-metonymy 1 a mighty hand Here the word “hand” refers to the things Yahweh did. Alternate translation: “and the powerful things you did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
|
|
@ -1923,13 +1923,13 @@ EXO 33 12 a7jr figs-idiom 1 you have also found favor in my eyes Here “found
|
|||
EXO 33 13 e6vv figs-idiom 1 Now if I have found favor in your eyes Here “found favor” is an idiom that means be approved of or that God is pleased with Moses. Here “eyes” are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing God’s evaluation. Alternate translation: “Now If you are pleased with me” or “Now if you approve of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
EXO 33 13 zi7j 1 show me your ways Possible meanings: (1) “show me what you are going to do in the future” or (2) “show me how people can do what pleases you.”
|
||||
EXO 33 14 gh8q figs-metonymy 1 My own presence will go God’s presence represents himself. Alternate translation: “I will go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
EXO 33 14 hl15 figs-you 1 go with you…give you The word “you” here refers to Moses. It is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 33 14 hl15 figs-you 1 go with you…give you The word **you** here refers to Moses. It is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 33 14 hc5n 1 I will give you rest “I will let you rest”
|
||||
EXO 33 16 d36k 1 For otherwise “For if your presence does not go with us”
|
||||
EXO 33 16 tu8e figs-activepassive 1 how will it be known This can be expressed with an active form. Alternate translation: how will people know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
EXO 33 16 cgl8 figs-rquestion 1 how will it be known…people? Moses used this question in order to emphasize that if God does not go with them, no one will know that Moses had found favor in God’s sight. Alternate translation: “no one will know…people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
|
||||
EXO 33 16 u82a 1 Will it not only be if “Will it not only be known if”
|
||||
EXO 33 17 aln2 figs-you 1 General Information: When Yahweh uses the word “you” in this verse, it is singular and refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 33 17 aln2 figs-you 1 General Information: When Yahweh uses the word **you** in this verse, it is singular and refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
|
||||
EXO 33 17 ln7y figs-idiom 1 you have found favor in my eyes Here “found favor” is an idiom that means that God is pleased with Moses. Here “eyes” are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. See how you translated this in [Exodus 33:12](../33/12.md). Alternate translation: “I am pleased with you” or “I approve of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
EXO 33 17 u2nv figs-idiom 1 I know you by name To know someone by name is to know them well. See how you translated this in [Exodus 33:12](../33/12.md). Alternate translation: “I know you well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
|
||||
EXO 33 19 sx1a figs-metonymy 1 I will make all my goodness pass before you God speaks of walking past Moses so that Moses can see his goodness as if only his goodness would go past Moses. Alternate translation: “I will move past you so that you may see my goodness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
|
||||
|
|
@ -1957,7 +1957,7 @@ EXO 34 9 hw66 figs-doublet 1 our iniquity and our sin The words “iniquity”
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EXO 34 9 n6e5 figs-metaphor 1 take us as your inheritance Something that someone possesses forever is spoken of as if it were something that they had inherited. Alternate translation: “take us as the people that you possess forever” or “accept us as the people who belong to you forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 34 10 zdq6 figs-you 1 your people Here “your” refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
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EXO 34 10 bj1a figs-idiom 1 it is a fearful thing that I am doing with you A fearful thing is a thing that causes people to be afraid. In this case, people will fear God when they see what he does. Alternate translation: “what I do for you will cause people to fear me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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EXO 34 10 s7uz figs-you 1 I am doing with you Here “you” refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
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EXO 34 10 s7uz figs-you 1 I am doing with you Here **you** refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
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EXO 34 12 b459 1 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. Here he tells him what Moses and the people must do.
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EXO 34 12 lxz8 figs-metaphor 1 they will become a trap among you People who tempt others to sin are spoken of as if they were a trap. Alternate translation: “they will tempt you to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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EXO 34 14 vmx2 figs-metonymy 1 Yahweh, whose name is Jealous The word “Jealous” here means that God is concerned to keep his honor. If his people worship other gods, he loses honor, because when his people do not honor him, other people also will not honor him. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, always guard my honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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Reference in New Issue