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Fix double spaces and other errors in OBA UTN (#1470)
Update 'en_tn_31-OBA.tsv' Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/1470
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@ -3,18 +3,18 @@ OBA front intro jrz8 0 # Introduction to Obadiah<br>## Part 1: General Introd
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OBA 1 1 xm1w bita-hq חֲז֖וֹן עֹֽבַדְיָ֑ה 1 The vision of Obadiah This is the title of the book. Here “vision” is used in the general sense of a message from Yahweh, rather than to indicate how Obadiah received that message. “Vision” here is a metaphor for a way of getting knowledge from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Alternate translation: “The message that God gave to Obadiah” or “The prophecy of Obadiah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
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OBA 1 1 jdr1 translate-names עֹֽבַדְיָ֑ה 1 Obadiah Some English translations call the prophet Abdias, but Obadiah is the form of his name most commonly used in English. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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OBA 1 1 sv9x כֹּֽה־אָמַר֩ אֲדֹנָ֨י יְהוִ֜ה לֶאֱד֗וֹם 1 thus says my Lord Yahweh concerning Edom This tells the reader that the entire book is a message about Edom.
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OBA 1 1 s7if translate-names יְהוִ֜ה 1 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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OBA 1 1 s7if translate-names יְהוִ֜ה 1 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
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OBA 1 1 jdr3 figs-metonymy לֶאֱד֗וֹם 1 concerning Edom The people are being described by the name of something closely associated with them, the land they live in. Alternate translation: “the people of Edom.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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OBA 1 1 jdr5 figs-pronouns שְׁמוּעָ֨ה שָׁמַ֜עְנוּ 1 We have heard a report You could translate this “I have heard” to show that Obadiah is speaking as one person among the many in the nations around Edom who have heard Yahweh’s message. Another alternative: “Yahweh our God has told me this.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
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OBA 1 1 jdr5 figs-pronouns שְׁמוּעָ֨ה שָׁמַ֜עְנוּ 1 We have heard a report You could translate this “I have heard” to show that Obadiah is speaking as one person among the many in the nations around Edom who have heard Yahweh’s message. Another alternative: “Yahweh our God has told me this.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
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OBA 1 1 jdr7 figs-activepassive וְצִיר֙…שֻׁלָּ֔ח 1 and a messenger has been sent off You can use the active form of the verb. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, have sent a messenger.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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OBA 1 1 r27r figs-explicit וְצִיר֙…שֻׁלָּ֔ח 1 and a messenger has been sent off You could specify who sent the messenger. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has sent a messenger.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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OBA 1 1 jdr9 figs-quotations ק֛וּמוּ וְנָק֥וּמָה עָלֶיהָ 1 Get up! And let us rise up against her for battle! The end of the verse is not spoken by Obadiah himself. Rather, those are the words of Yahweh’s messenger. They can be presented as a quotation with an introductory formula such as “saying,” or as indirect quotation as in UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
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OBA 1 1 jdr9 figs-quotations ק֛וּמוּ וְנָק֥וּמָה עָלֶיהָ 1 Get up! And let us rise up against her for battle! The end of the verse is not spoken by Obadiah himself. Rather, those are the words of Yahweh’s messenger. They can be presented as a quotation with an introductory formula such as “saying,” or as indirect quotation as in UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
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OBA 1 1 pez6 figs-idiom ק֛וּמוּ 1 Get up This phrase is used to tell people to get ready, in this case to attack Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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OBA 1 1 c9e2 figs-metonymy וְנָק֥וּמָה עָלֶיהָ 1 and let us rise up against her “Her” refers to the people of Edom. They are being described again by reference to something closely associated with them, their land. Alternate translation: “against the people of Edom.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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OBA 1 1 jd1r figs-abstractnouns לַמִּלְחָמָֽה 1 for battle You could translate the abstract noun “battle” with a verb. Alternate translation: “to attack her.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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OBA 1 2 cc3h הִנֵּ֥ה קָטֹ֛ן נְתַתִּ֖יךָ 1 Behold, I am making you small The addressee changes here. This is no longer the messenger speaking to the other nations. Yahweh is now speaking directly to Edom. You could add a phrase to indicate this, for example, “Yahweh says this to the people of Edom.”
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OBA 1 2 npn6 הִנֵּ֥ה 1 Behold This alerts the people of Edom to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Look” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
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OBA 1 2 l6dc figs-parallelism קָטֹ֛ן נְתַתִּ֖יךָ בַּגּוֹיִ֑ם בָּז֥וּי אַתָּ֖ה מְאֹֽ 1 I am making you small among the nations, you are extremely despised These two phrases mean similar things and are used together to emphasize that Edom will lose its important status. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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OBA 1 2 l6dc figs-parallelism קָטֹ֛ן נְתַתִּ֖יךָ בַּגּוֹיִ֑ם בָּז֥וּי אַתָּ֖ה מְאֹֽד 1 I am making you small among the nations, you are extremely despised These two phrases mean similar things and are used together to emphasize that Edom will lose its important status. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
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OBA 1 2 ec8m figs-metaphor קָטֹ֛ן נְתַתִּ֖יךָ בַּגּוֹיִ֑ם 1 small among the nations Something insignificant is spoken of figuratively as if it were small in size and could easily be overlooked. Alternate translation: “insignificant among the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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OBA 1 2 ch1u figs-activepassive בָּז֥וּי אַתָּ֖ה מְאֹֽד 1 you are extremely despised You could state this in the active form. Alternate translation: “the people of other nations will hate you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
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OBA 1 3 qpw7 bita-hq לִבְּךָ֙ 1 of your heart Here the heart is used figuratively to refer to a person’s thoughts and feelings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]])
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@ -48,13 +48,13 @@ OBA 1 7 jd19 figs-personification בּֽוֹ 1 in him That is, Edom. All the
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OBA 1 8 i4rg figs-rquestion הֲל֛וֹא בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וְהַאֲבַדְתִּ֤י חֲכָמִים֙ מֵֽאֱד֔וֹם וּתְבוּנָ֖ה מֵהַ֥ר עֵשָֽׂו 1 Will I not on that day (a declaration of Yahweh) destroy wise men from Edom, and understanding from the mountain of Esau? This is a rhetorical question. Yahweh uses the question form to emphasize that Edom’s destruction is certain. Alternate translation: “‘On that day,’ says Yahweh, ‘I will certainly destroy …’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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OBA 1 8 jd21 figs-explicit חֲכָמִים֙ 1 wise men The original audience would have known that Edom was famous for its wisdom. However, when Edom is destroyed, it will become clear that its people were not wise to think they were safe because they lived on rugged cliffs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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OBA 1 8 jd23 figs-abstractnouns וּתְבוּנָ֖ה 1 and understanding You could translate this abstract noun with a verb, for example, “No one will know what to do any more.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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OBA 1 8 z8tf figs-synecdoche מֵהַ֥ר עֵשָֽׂו 1 from the mountain of Esau Most of the land of Esau was mountains, so this is one way of referring to the land of Edom. This was one of the mountains in Edom. It is sometimes identified with Mount Bozrah. Yahweh is referring to the whole territory by the name of one prominent part of it. Alternate translation: “the land of Edom.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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OBA 1 8 z8tf figs-synecdoche מֵהַ֥ר עֵשָֽׂו 1 from the mountain of Esau Most of the land of Esau was mountains, so this is one way of referring to the land of Edom. This was one of the mountains in Edom. It is sometimes identified with Mount Bozrah. Yahweh is referring to the whole territory by the name of one prominent part of it. Alternate translation: “the land of Edom.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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OBA 1 9 jd25 figs-apostrophe וְחַתּ֥וּ גִבּוֹרֶ֖יךָ תֵּימָ֑ן 1 And your mighty men will be dismayed, O Teman Yahweh stops speaking to the people of Edom and addresses a region of the country, even though it cannot understand him. This shows that Yahweh feels very strongly about what he is saying. (See Apostrophe) Alternate translation: “The soldiers in the army of Edom will become terrified.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
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OBA 1 9 qvg3 translate-names תֵּימָ֑ן 1 Teman Teman is the name of a region in the land of Edom. Yahweh is referring to the whole territory of Edom by the name of one part of it. (See Synecdoche) Alternate translation: “The soldiers in the army of Edom.”
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OBA 1 9 ljv4 grammar-connect-logic-goal לְמַ֧עַן 1 so that There is a cause-and-effect relationship here. The soldiers in the army of Edom will become “dismayed,” that is, they will give up and stop fighting. This will leave everyone else defenseless, and so they will all be destroyed. Alternate translation: “when your army stops fighting.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
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OBA 1 9 jd27 figs-metaphor יִכָּֽרֶת־אִ֛ישׁ 1 a man will be cut off “Cut off” here is a metaphor for being killed. The Edomites aren’t actually part of the mountain, but they live there, so it’s as if something is being cut off or taken away from the mountain. Alternate translation: “your enemies will completely destroy all you people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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OBA 1 9 jd27 figs-metaphor יִכָּֽרֶת־אִ֛ישׁ 1 a man will be cut off “Cut off” here is a metaphor for being killed. The Edomites aren’t actually part of the mountain, but they live there, so it’s as if something is being cut off or taken away from the mountain. Alternate translation: “your enemies will completely destroy all you people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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OBA 1 9 q6s7 figs-activepassive יִכָּֽרֶת 1 will be cut off You could use an active verb form, and you could specify who will do the action. Alternate translation: “your enemies will … destroy.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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OBA 1 9 jd31 figs-gendernotations אִ֛ישׁ 1 a man Hebrew “man” means “every person” here. Alternate translation: “all you people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
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OBA 1 9 jd31 figs-gendernotations אִ֛ישׁ 1 a man Hebrew “man” means “every person” here. Alternate translation: “all you people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
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OBA 1 9 jd33 אִ֛ישׁ 1 a man Yahweh says in v. 8 that he will destroy the wise men in Edom, and here in v. 9 that the mighty men will be “dismayed” (that is, they will give up trying to fight). The implication is that no one else will escape the invading armies either. Yahweh is basically challenging everyone in Edom by asking, “If the ones you would count on most to rescue you, the wise and the strong, will be destroyed by these attackers, how can anyone else think they will survive?” You can use similar words in verse 8 and 9 to show how this argument develops over these two verses.
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OBA 1 9 jd35 figs-synecdoche מֵהַ֥ר עֵשָׂ֖ו 1 from the mountain of Esau As in v. 8, Yahweh is referring to the whole territory by the name of this one part of it. Alternate translation: “who live the land of Edom.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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OBA 1 9 jd37 figs-abstractnouns מִקָּֽטֶל 1 by slaughter The abstract noun “slaughter” intensifies the idea of being “cut off” or killed. You could use an adverb to translate it. Alternate translation: “completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ OBA 1 11 jd47 figs-synecdoche שְׁעָרָ֗יו 1 his gates “Gates” means
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OBA 1 11 i8sr figs-metaphor וְעַל־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ יַדּ֣וּ גוֹרָ֔ל 1 and cast lots for Jerusalem This is a figurative way of saying that when all the cities of Judah were conquered, Jerusalem was the big prize. If something is so special that everybody wants to have it and you can't divide it up, you cast lots for it. Alternate translation: “they even plundered Jerusalem.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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OBA 1 11 s4y1 figs-explicit גַּם־אַתָּ֖ה כְּאַחַ֥ד מֵהֶֽם 1 you also were like one of them Alternate translation: “you were just as bad as those foreigners, because you did nothing to help.” The people of Edom did not do exactly the same things as the “strangers” and “foreigners.” You could use the alternate translation to explain how the people of Edom were still “like” them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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OBA 1 12 jd51 וְאַל 1 But [you should] not This phrase is used eight times in verses 12–14. It introduces a statement about how people should generally behave. But in these verses, the statements apply specifically to what the people of Edom have just done to the people of Judah. So an alternate translation in every case would be, “You should not have.” (For example, you could change “you should not rejoice” to “you should not have rejoiced.”)
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OBA 1 12 crs1 וְאַל 1 But [you should] not Yahweh uses a repetitive series of sentences to show how badly the people of Edom have treated the people of Judah. A repetitive series is called a “litany.” This is a list of the charges against the people of Edom. Yahweh goes on to say in verses 15 and 16 that he has found them guilty of all these charges and will punish them. (See: Litany)
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OBA 1 12 crs1 וְאַל 1 But [you should] not Yahweh uses a repetitive series of sentences to show how badly the people of Edom have treated the people of Judah. A repetitive series is called a “litany.” This is a list of the charges against the people of Edom. Yahweh goes on to say in verses 15 and 16 that he has found them guilty of all these charges and will punish them. (See: Litany)
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OBA 1 12 e7cd figs-idiom וְאַל־תֵּ֤רֶא 1 But you should not have looked The Hebrew expression “see” is an idiom here for “enjoy looking at.” Alternate translation: “you should not have gloated over.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
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OBA 1 12 crs3 בְיוֹם 1 on the day of This expression refers to a specific time when God punishes people for their sin.
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OBA 1 12 q8md figs-personification אָחִ֨יךָ֙ 1 your brother As in v. 10, Yahweh describes the people of Judah as a “brother” to the descendants of Esau because Jacob was the brother of Esau (Edom). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
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@ -96,15 +96,15 @@ OBA 1 15 cr1s figs-activepassive יֵעָ֣שֶׂה לָּ֔ךְ 1 it will be
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OBA 1 15 djk9 figs-metaphor גְּמֻלְךָ֖ יָשׁ֥וּב 1 your recompense will return This is a metaphor that means “the same things will happen to you.” You could use that as an alternate translation. It’s as if the Edomites have sent bad things out to others, but those things are now going to come back and hurt them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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OBA 1 15 cr3s figs-synecdoche בְּרֹאשֶֽׁךָ 1 on your own head The “head” is being used to represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-hq]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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OBA 1 16 nf6s figs-explicit כִּ֗י כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֤ר שְׁתִיתֶם֙ 1 For according to how you drank As in verse 15, Yahweh is giving the people of Edom the reason why they should have helped the Israelites instead of joining in attacking them. It’s because Yahweh will soon judge all nations for the way they have treated others. You can make this explicit: “You should have helped others, because.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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OBA 1 16 cr5s figs-pastforfuture כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֤ר שְׁתִיתֶם֙ עַל־הַ֣ר קָדְשִׁ֔י 1 according to how you have drunk on my holy mountain 1. One possibility is that Yahweh is saying he has brought the people of Edom into court at Jerusalem, which is the place where he reigns, and found them guilty and punished them there. As noted earlier, Yahweh may be using the past tense to refer to something that will happen in the future. So an alternate translation would be, “I am going to punish you in the holy place where I reign.” 2. Another possibility is that this is referring to how the people of Judah suffered punishment when Jerusalem was destroyed. Alternate translation: “I punished you when Jerusalem was destroyed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
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OBA 1 16 fu2y figs-pastforfuture כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֤ר שְׁתִיתֶ 1 according to how you have drunk 1. Here Yahweh may be using the past tense to refer to something that will happen in the future. In that case, this would be a reference to what Yahweh says in the previous verse, that the time is coming soon when he will judge and punish all the nations. Alternate translation: “I am going to punish you.” 2. Another possibility is that Yahweh is saying that Edom literally did drink to celebrate the defeat of the people of Judah, but they and the other nations will figuratively “drink” (be punished) in the future. No alternate translation would be needed for this second possible interpretation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
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OBA 1 16 cr7s bita-humanbehavior כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֤ר שְׁתִיתֶ 1 according to how you have drunk Drinking (often in the Old Testament “drinking a cup”) can be a metaphor for being punished. (See Biblical Imagery – Human Behavior) Alternate translation: “I will punish you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-humanbehavior]])
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OBA 1 16 cr9s figs-you כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֤ר שְׁתִיתֶ 1 according to how you have drunk “You” is plural. 1. It may mean “you people of Edom.” If so, this would be a continuation of what Yahweh tells them in v. 15, that he will do the same things to them that they did to others. Alternate translation: “I will punish you people of Edom.” 2. The plural could also be referring to all the other nations. Alternate translation: “I will punish you other nations.” 3. This could also be referring to the people of Judah, who figuratively “drank the cup of punishment” when Jerusalem was destroyed. Alternate translation: “I punished you people of Judah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
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OBA 1 16 cr11 figs-explicit כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֤ר שְׁתִיתֶ 1 according to how you have drunk You can show that the people of Edom are not doing this by themselves by specifying that Yahweh is doing it to them. Alternate translation: “I will … punish you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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OBA 1 16 cr5s figs-pastforfuture כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֤ר שְׁתִיתֶם֙ עַל־הַ֣ר קָדְשִׁ֔י 1 according to how you have drunk on my holy mountain 1. One possibility is that Yahweh is saying he has brought the people of Edom into court at Jerusalem, which is the place where he reigns, and found them guilty and punished them there. As noted earlier, Yahweh may be using the past tense to refer to something that will happen in the future. So an alternate translation would be, “I am going to punish you in the holy place where I reign.” 2. Another possibility is that this is referring to how the people of Judah suffered punishment when Jerusalem was destroyed. Alternate translation: “I punished you when Jerusalem was destroyed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
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OBA 1 16 fu2y figs-pastforfuture כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֤ר שְׁתִיתֶם֙ 1 according to how you have drunk 1. Here Yahweh may be using the past tense to refer to something that will happen in the future. In that case, this would be a reference to what Yahweh says in the previous verse, that the time is coming soon when he will judge and punish all the nations. Alternate translation: “I am going to punish you.” 2. Another possibility is that Yahweh is saying that Edom literally did drink to celebrate the defeat of the people of Judah, but they and the other nations will figuratively “drink” (be punished) in the future. No alternate translation would be needed for this second possible interpretation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
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OBA 1 16 cr7s bita-humanbehavior כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֤ר שְׁתִיתֶם֙ 1 according to how you have drunk Drinking (often in the Old Testament “drinking a cup”) can be a metaphor for being punished. (See Biblical Imagery – Human Behavior) Alternate translation: “I will punish you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-humanbehavior]])
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OBA 1 16 cr9s figs-you כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֤ר שְׁתִיתֶם֙ 1 according to how you have drunk “You” is plural. 1. It may mean “you people of Edom.” If so, this would be a continuation of what Yahweh tells them in v. 15, that he will do the same things to them that they did to others. Alternate translation: “I will punish you people of Edom.” 2. The plural could also be referring to all the other nations. Alternate translation: “I will punish you other nations.” 3. This could also be referring to the people of Judah, who figuratively “drank the cup of punishment” when Jerusalem was destroyed. Alternate translation: “I punished you people of Judah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
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OBA 1 16 cr11 figs-explicit כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֤ר שְׁתִיתֶם֙ 1 according to how you have drunk You can show that the people of Edom are not doing this by themselves by specifying that Yahweh is doing it to them. Alternate translation: “I will … punish you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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OBA 1 16 ujj9 figs-metonymy הַ֣ר קָדְשִׁ֔י 1 the mountain of my holiness This means “on Mount Zion” and therefore “in Jerusalem.” Jerusalem is being referred to by the name of something closely associated with it, the mountain that the city is built on. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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OBA 1 16 qz7p bita-humanbehavior יִשְׁתּ֥וּ כָֽל־הַגּוֹיִ֖ם תָּמִ֑יד 1 all the nations shall drink continually Here once again drinking is a metaphor for punishment. Alternate translation: “I will punish them severely.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/bita-humanbehavior]])
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OBA 1 16 a8v3 figs-doublet וְשָׁת֣וּ וְלָע֔וּ וְהָי֖וּ כְּל֥וֹא הָיֽוּ 1 And they will drink, and they will swallow, and they will become like they never existed These two words mean something similar and are used together to intensify the meaning. (See: Doublet) Alternate translation: “I will punish them severely.”
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OBA 1 17 cc36 figs-abstractnouns וּבְהַ֥ר צִיּ֛וֹן תִּהְיֶ֥ה פְלֵיטָ֖ה 1 But in the mountain of Zion there will be a remnant The abstract noun “remnant” refers to the people who will still be alive in Jerusalem after Yahweh has finished punishing the other nations. As v. 16 says, those other nations will disappear completely, but the descendants of Jacob will continue as a people. Alternate translation: “some people in Jerusalem will escape.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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OBA 1 17 cc36 figs-abstractnouns וּבְהַ֥ר צִיּ֛וֹן תִּהְיֶ֥ה פְלֵיטָ֖ה 1 But in the mountain of Zion there will be a remnant The abstract noun **remnant** refers to the people who will still be alive in Jerusalem after Yahweh has finished punishing the other nations. As [1:16](../01/16.md) says, those other nations will disappear completely, but the descendants of Jacob will continue as a people. Alternate translation: “some people in Jerusalem will escape.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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OBA 1 17 y9pz figs-metonymy וְהָ֣יָה קֹ֑דֶשׁ 1 But in the mountain of Zion This is a figure of speech that refers to Jerusalem by the name of something closely associated with it, the mountain that the city is built on. Alternate translation: “in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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OBA 1 17 b4sh וְהָ֣יָה קֹ֑דֶשׁ 1 and there will be holiness The word “it” refers to “the mountain of Zion.” Alternate translation: “Jerusalem will be a holy place.”
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OBA 1 17 cr13 וְיָֽרְשׁוּ֙ בֵּ֣ית יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב אֵ֖ת מוֹרָֽשֵׁיהֶם 1 and the house of Jacob will possess their own possessions “Possessions” is plural because it refers to each of the Israelite families and clans occupying the lands that were supposed to be passed down to them from generation to generation. But since it refers overall to the land that belongs to all of the descendants of Jacob, you can translate it with a singular word if that is clearer. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Jacob will each possess the land that belongs to them”
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@ -117,9 +117,9 @@ OBA 1 18 cr21 figs-exmetaphor אֵ֜שׁ…לֶהָבָ֗ה…לְקַ֔שׁ
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OBA 1 18 hj8x figs-metaphor לְקַ֔שׁ 1 stubble This means the dry pieces of plants that are left in the ground after their stalks have been cut. Alternate translation: “dry grass” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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OBA 1 18 cr23 figs-doublet וְדָלְק֥וּ בָהֶ֖ם וַאֲכָל֑וּם 1 And they will burn them, and consume them “Burn” and “consume” mean almost the same thing. Yahweh uses the words together to mean “burn them until they are all burned up.” Alternate translation: “burn them up completely.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
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OBA 1 18 c5jr figs-explicit כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבֵּֽר 1 for Yahweh has spoken This means, “This will certainly happen because I, Yahweh, have said it will happen.” You could use that as an alternate translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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OBA 1 19 x15u וְיָרְשׁ֨וּ…וְיָרְשׁוּ֙ 1 And they…will possess…And they will possess Here “They” appears to refer to the people of Israel in general. Alternate translation: “The Israelites”
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OBA 1 19 x15u וְיָרְשׁ֨וּ…וְיָרְשׁוּ֙ 1 And they…will possess…And they will possess Here “They” appears to refer to the people of Israel in general. Alternate translation: “The Israelites”
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OBA 1 19 cr25 וְיָרְשׁ֨וּ…וְיָרְשׁוּ֙ 1 And they…will possess…And they will possess This verse as a whole describes people living in different parts of Israel conquering the territories next to them. Alternate translation: “capture.”
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OBA 1 19 ep84 figs-metonymy הַנֶּ֜גֶב 1 of the Negev The Negev is the southern Judean wilderness. That location is being used figuratively to mean the people who live there. The people are being described by the name of something closely associated with them, the land they live in. So “the Negev” actually means “the Israelites who live in the southern Judean wilderness.” You could say that as an alternate translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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OBA 1 19 ep84 figs-metonymy הַנֶּ֜גֶב 1 of the Negev The Negev is the southern Judean wilderness. That location is being used figuratively to mean the people who live there. The people are being described by the name of something closely associated with them, the land they live in. So “the Negev” actually means “the Israelites who live in the southern Judean wilderness.” You could say that as an alternate translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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OBA 1 19 cr27 figs-synecdoche הַ֣ר עֵשָׂ֗ו 1 the mountain of Esau This was one of the mountains in Edom. Yahweh is referring to the whole territory by the name of one prominent part of it. Alternate translation: “the land of Edom.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
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OBA 1 19 m7qk figs-metonymy וְהַשְּׁפֵלָה֙ 1 they of the Shephelah The Shephelah means the western foothills in the land of Israel. That location is being used figuratively to mean the people who live there. The people are being described by the name of something closely associated with them, the land they live in. So “the Shephelah” actually means “the Israelites who live in the western foothills.” You could say that as an alternate translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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OBA 1 19 cr29 figs-metonymy פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים 1 the Philistines This means, “the region of Phoenicia.” You could say that as an alternate translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
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