JOS front intro syt5 0 # Introduction to Joshua<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>#### Outline of the Book of Joshua<br><br>1. Conquest of the land of Canaan (1:1–12:24)<br>- Preparation for conquest; spies; crossing the Jordan River (1:1–5:1)<br>- Ceremonies at Gilgal; conquest of Jericho and Ai (5:2–8:29)<br>- The covenant affirmed at Shechem (8:30–35)<br>- Southern and central campaigns; northern campaigns (9:1–12:24)<br>1. Settlement in the Promised Land; division of the land (13:1–22:34)<br>1. Joshua's final days (23:1–24:33)<br><br>#### What is the Book of Joshua about?<br><br>The Book of Joshua is about the Israelites entering and occupying the Promised Land. Joshua was the leader that replaced Moses. He led the Israelites as they fought the people living in the Promised Land. This book also tells how the Israelites divided the land among the twelve tribes. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br><br>#### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>This book traditionally has the title "Joshua" because Joshua leads the people of Israel after Moses dies. Translators may create a title such as "The Book About When Joshua Led Israel." Translators should avoid a title that suggests Joshua as the writer of the book.<br><br>#### Who wrote the Book of Joshua?<br><br>The book does not tell who wrote it. However, some verses in the book indicate that Joshua may have written at least part of it. Since ancient times, Jews have thought that Joshua wrote most of the book.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>#### How does the Book of Joshua present the cause of historical events?<br><br>In the ancient Near East, people assumed that gods caused world events to happen in a certain way. The Book of Joshua has some similarities with this view, but there are important differences. The events in the Book of Joshua occurred because Yahweh promised the Israelites that he would give them the Promised Land. What happened also depended on whether or not the Israelites obeyed Yahweh.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>#### What does the phrase "to this day" mean?<br><br>This phrase was used by the writer to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that "to this day" refers to a time already passed. He must avoid giving the impression to readers that "to this day" means "to the present day." The translator might decide to say "to this day, at the time when this was being written," or "to this day, at the time of writing." This Hebrew phrase occurs in Joshua 4:9; 6:25; 7:26; 8:28, 29; 10:27; 13:13; 14:14; 15:63; 16:10.<br><br>#### What does the phrase "all Israel" mean?<br><br>This phrase appears many times in the Book of Joshua, but it does not always mean every person in the nation of Israel. At times it means the Israelite army. At other times it means the representatives of the twelve tribes of Israel. In still other passages, it probably means a large number of the people in the nation of Israel.<br><br>#### When should Joshua be translated?<br><br>The Book of Joshua should probably not be translated before Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. This is because the historical events of Joshua will not be understood without the information in these previous books.<br>
JOS 01 intro r7gc 0 # Joshua 01 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter appears to be a natural continuation of the book of Deuteronomy.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Be strong and Courageous<br><br>Joshua is often told, "Be strong and courageous." This repeated encouragement is on purpose and may indicate Joshua will need help in the future.<br>
JOS 01 01 s8u5 0 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
JOS 01 01 eka2 translate-names 0 Nun Joshua's father (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 01 02 le23 figs-idiom 0 cross over this Jordan To "cross over" means "go to the opposite bank of the river." Alternate translation: "travel from this side to the opposite side of the Jordan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 01 02 vix4 figs-you 0 you and all this people The word "you" here refers to Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 01 03 v1l7 figs-pastforfuture 0 I have given you every place God giving the land to the Israelites in the future is spoken of as if he gave it to them in the past. This emphasizes that he will certainly give it to them. Alternate translation: "I will give to you every place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
JOS 01 03 xjc9 figs-you 0 I have given you The word "you" refers to both Joshua and the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 01 03 t94e figs-idiom 0 every place where the sole of your foot will walk This refers to all the places Joshua and the Israelites will travel when they cross the Jordan River. Alternate translation: "everywhere you go in this land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 01 04 wl7a 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Joshua.
JOS 01 04 nbe3 figs-you 0 your land The word "your" refers to the tribes of Israel and not only Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 01 05 w48w figs-you 0 to stand before you In verse 5 the words "you" and "your" refer to Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 01 05 iq2e figs-doublet 0 I will not abandon you or leave you The words "abandon" and "leave" mean basically the same thing. Yahweh combines them to emphasize that he will not do these things. Alternate translation: "I will certainly stay with you always" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JOS 01 06 a5yc figs-imperative 0 General Information: Yahweh gives Joshua a series of commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
JOS 01 06 gn34 figs-imperative 0 Be strong and courageous Yahweh commands Joshua to overcome his fears with courage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
JOS 01 07 db9m figs-imperative 0 Do not turn from it to the right or to the left This can be stated as a positive command. Alternate translation: "Follow it exactly" or "Follow them exactly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
JOS 01 07 jy5x 0 be successful "achieve your goal" or "reach your goal"
JOS 01 08 t4mz 0 General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Joshua.
JOS 01 08 wn1z figs-hyperbole 0 You will always speak The word "always" is an exaggeration for speaking often. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JOS 01 08 lcs7 figs-doublet 0 prosperous and successful These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize great prosperity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOS 01 09 vt4l figs-rquestion 0 Have I not commanded you? This refers to Yahweh commanding Joshua. Alternate translation: "I have commanded you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOS 01 09 fnz8 figs-imperative 0 Be strong and courageous! Yahweh is commanding Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
JOS 01 10 b59x figs-explicit 0 the people This refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 01 11 f3rg figs-quotesinquotes 0 Go through the camp and command the people, 'Prepare ... possess.' Embedded quotes can be expressed as indirect quotes. Alternate translation: "Go through the camp and command the people to prepare provisions for themselves. In three days they will cross over this Jordan and go in and possess the land that Yahweh their God is giving them to possess." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
JOS 01 11 ck8h 0 In three days Here Joshua was counting his present day as day one. Alternate translation: "Two days from now" or "On the day after tomorrow"
JOS 01 11 wg1e figs-idiom 0 cross over this Jordan "cross over" refers to going to the opposite side of the river. Alternate translation: "travel to the other side of the Jordan River" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 01 12 uji6 figs-explicit 0 General Information: The tribes of Reuben, Gad and half of the tribe of Manasseh chose to settle east of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 01 12 fx7h translate-names 0 Reubenites These were the descendants of Reuben. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 01 12 z8vh translate-names 0 Gadites These were the decendants of Gad. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 01 14 mm4q 0 General Information: Joshua continues speaking to the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh.
JOS 01 14 tf68 0 your little ones "your little children"
JOS 01 14 fb4d figs-idiom 0 beyond the Jordan This refers to the east side of the Jordan River. Later most of the Israelites would live west of the Jordan, so they called the east side "beyond the Jordan." But at this time they were all still on the east side. Alternate translation: "east of the Jordan River" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 01 15 b5yt figs-idiom 0 given your brothers rest This refers to Israel defeating all their enemies residing in Canaan that they were to conquer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 01 15 g4ez 0 you will ... possess it This refers to living out their life on the land in peace.
JOS 01 15 rrj2 figs-idiom 0 beyond the Jordan, where the sun rises This refers to the east side of the Jordan river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 01 16 c7t9 0 General Information: These Isrelites were specifically the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh that replied to Joshua.
JOS 01 18 rel4 figs-parallelism 0 rebels against your commands and disobeys your words These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that any form of disobedience will be punished. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS 01 18 lbc3 figs-activepassive 0 will be put to death This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "we will put to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 01 18 zez7 figs-parallelism 0 be strong and courageous Israel and God considered both traits important for Joshua to pursue as their leader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS 02 intro vg4m 0 # Joshua 02 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins the story of the conquest of the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Rahab's faith<br><br>Rahab expressed her faith in Yahweh. The statement "for Yahweh your God, he is God in heaven above and on the earth below" is a recognition of her faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### Metaphor<br><br>The Israelites were to completely destroy the evil Canaanites. They are compared to melting snow: "... melting away because of us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br>
JOS 02 01 ig8n translate-names 0 Nun This is Joshua's father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 02 01 w886 translate-names 0 Shittim This is the name of a place on the east side of the Jordan River. It means "Acacia Trees." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 02 01 z78b 0 as spies These men were to visit the land to gain information on how Israel should conquer the land.
JOS 02 04 k613 0 General Information: Rahab the prostitute protects the two Israelite spies from harm.
JOS 02 04 l15y 0 But the woman had taken the two men and hidden them This happened before the king's messenger spoke to her.
JOS 02 04 am3m 0 the woman This refers to Rahab, the prostitute.
JOS 02 05 j3x6 0 dusk This is the time that day begins to change to the darkness of night.
JOS 02 06 l5zb writing-background 0 But she had taken them ... on the roof This is background information and explains how she had hidden the men in [Joshua 2:4](../02/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JOS 02 06 st56 0 the roof The roof was flat and strong, so people could walk around on it.
JOS 02 06 b99c 0 flax a plant that is grown for its fibers, which is used in making cloth
JOS 02 07 kdj3 0 the men pursued them The men pursued the spies because of what Rahab had told them in [Joshua 2:5](../02/05.md).
JOS 02 07 p4sx 0 fords places where a river or other body of water is shallow enough for people to get to the other side by walking through it
JOS 02 08 ds5e figs-idiom 0 not yet lain down This refers to going to sleep for the night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 02 09 t8zy figs-you 0 I know that Yahweh has given you the land The word "you" refers to the all the Israelite people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 02 09 xr6a figs-metaphor 0 fear of you has come upon us Becoming afraid is spoken of as if feat came and attacked them. Alternate translation: "we have become afraid of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 02 09 u74z figs-metaphor 0 will melt away before you This compares the fearful people to ice melting and flowing away. Possible meanings are 1) they will be weak in the Israelites' presence or 2) they will be scattered. Alternate translation: "will be so afraid that they will not resist you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 02 10 m3e1 0 General Information: Rahab continues to talk to the Israelite spies.
JOS 02 10 bcm2 0 the Sea of Reeds This is another name for the Red Sea.
JOS 02 10 c6i6 translate-names 0 Sihon ... Og These are the names of the Amorite kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 02 11 qx6v figs-doublet 0 our hearts melted and there was no courage left in anyone These two phrases share similar meanings, combined for emphasis. The phrase "our hearts melted" compares the hearts of the fearful people of Jericho to ice melting and flowing away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 02 12 j6sz 0 General Information: Rahab continues to talk to the Israelite spies.
JOS 02 12 nmi4 figs-parallelism 0 please swear to me ... Give me a sure sign These are similar statements of Rahab seeking assurance from the spies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS 02 12 nh3t figs-you 0 I have been kind to you The word "you" refers to the two spies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 02 13 m6i6 figs-euphemism 0 spare the lives ... save us from death a polite way of saying "do not to kill us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JOS 02 14 ji8q 0 General Information: The Israelite spies make the promise which Rahab asked for in [Joshua 2:12](../02/12.md)
JOS 02 14 yb7i figs-idiom 0 Our life for yours, even to death This idiom is a way of swearing and asking God to curse them if they do not keep their promise. Alternate translation: "If we do not do what we promise, may Yahweh cause us to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 02 15 b3dr 0 General Information: The Israelite spies continue to talk to Rahab.
JOS 02 17 dmh8 figs-hypo 0 if you do not do this This expresses a condition for the promise the spies had made to Rahab. The word, "this," refers to "tie this scarlet rope in the window" in [Joshua 2:18](../02/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOS 02 18 e4iw 0 General Information: The Israelite spies continue talking to Rahab.
JOS 02 19 vdc9 figs-hypo 0 Whoever goes out of the doors of your house This phrase expresses a condition, creating a hypothetical situation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOS 02 19 k27w figs-metonymy 0 blood will be upon their own heads Here "blood" represents a person's death. To be responsible for their own death is spoken of as if their blood would be on their heads. Alternate translation: "their death will be their own fault" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 02 19 m728 0 we will be guiltless "we will be innocent"
JOS 02 19 qg47 figs-euphemism 0 if a hand is laid upon any Here "a hand is laid upon" is a polite way of referring to causing someone injury. Alternate translation: "if we cause injury to any" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JOS 02 20 ew4z 0 General Information: The two Israelite spies continue to speak to Rahab about their promise to her. The spies required Rahab to remain silent about their visit or they would be free from their oath to protect her family.
JOS 02 20 e659 figs-you 0 if you speak "You" refers to Rahab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 02 21 uxw6 0 May what you say be done Rahab agreed to their terms of the oath to protect her family.
JOS 02 22 gjr5 0 General Information: The two Israelites spies leave Jericho.
JOS 02 22 a2i7 figs-explicit 0 their pursuers returned It may be helpful to say they returned to Jericho. Alternate translation: "their pursuers returned to the city of Jericho" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 02 22 y2rj 0 found nothing This refers to the men not finding the spies.
JOS 02 23 zps9 figs-explicit 0 The two men returned The two men returned back to the Israelite's camp. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 02 23 y6et figs-doublet 0 returned and crossed over and came back These are similar expressions referring to returning to where the Israelite's are camped. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOS 02 23 u3is figs-idiom 0 crossed over "cross over" means to go to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: "traveled from this side to the opposite side of the Jordan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 02 23 i2bk translate-names 0 Nun This is a male name; the father of Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 02 23 cv1w 0 everything that had happened to them "all that the men had experienced and seen."
JOS 02 24 rk66 0 us This word, "us," refers to Israel.
JOS 02 24 eh7s figs-metaphor 0 inhabitants of the land are melting away The people of the land toward Israel are like a substance that melts in the presence of heat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 03 intro qs85 0 # Joshua 03 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### God dries the Jordan River<br><br>Joshua told the people "Dedicate yourselves to Yahweh tomorrow, for Yahweh will do wonders among you." The conquest of the Promised Land is accomplished through the supernatural power of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br>
JOS 03 01 ct91 0 got up The phrase, "got up," means to "awaken."
JOS 03 01 y8kd 0 Shittim A place in the land of Moab, west of the Jordan River where the Israelites were camped before their entry into the promised land, Canaan.
JOS 03 02 wz25 0 officers These are people holding a position of command or authority.
JOS 03 03 ghy1 figs-metonymy 0 people This is the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 03 04 tn3h translate-bdistance 0 two thousand cubits "2,000 cubits." The word "cubit" is a measurement equaling the distance from the elbow to the finger tips. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 03 05 hy6c 0 Consecrate yourselves This refers to a special preparation of being religiously clean before Yahweh.
JOS 03 05 wz6l 0 Yahweh will do wonders Yahweh will be doing miracles for all to see and experience.
JOS 03 06 ts4p 0 Take up the ark This is referring to the levites picking up the ark for the purpose of carrying it from one location to another.
JOS 03 07 u6dt 0 General Information: Yahweh tells Joshua what the priest are to do.
JOS 03 07 q8ud figs-metaphor 0 I will make you a great man in the eyes of all Israel The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: "the people will see what I do and realize that I have made you a great man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 03 08 b797 0 edge of the waters of the Jordan Joshua is to approach the bank or edge of the Jordan River.
JOS 03 09 pd66 0 General Information: Joshua tells Israel what Yahweh is about to do
JOS 03 10 u9w6 figs-metaphor 0 drive out from before you Yahweh will force the other people living on the land to leave or be killed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 03 11 zex2 figs-idiom 0 crosses over "cross over" means to go to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: "will travel from this side to the opposite side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 03 12 u1wf 0 General Information: Joshua continues to tell Israel of the miracle that Yahweh will do.
JOS 03 12 u1wf 0 General Information: Just as Israel's fathers experience crossing the Red Sea, these people will experience crossing the Jordan river on dry land.
JOS 03 13 bej3 0 the soles of the feet This refers to the bottom of their feet.
JOS 03 13 u9rl 0 upstream This word refers to the direction the Jordan River water is flowing toward Israel.
JOS 03 13 s6ud 0 stand in one heap The water will stay in one spot or place. It will not flow around the priests.
JOS 03 15 nhu7 figs-synecdoche 0 edge of the water This can refer to the surface of the water as well as the bank where the water flows to dry land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOS 03 15 mu2b writing-background 0 now the Jordan overflows all its banks throughout the time of the harvest This is background information and it emphasizes the scale of what Yahweh is doing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JOS 03 17 dp93 0 General Information: The miraculous Jordan River crossing continues.
JOS 03 17 tg4f figs-explicit 0 the Jordan This refers to the Jordan River bed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 03 17 w7z6 figs-idiom 0 crossed over This phrase means to go to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: "traveled from this side to the opposite side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 04 intro eh7p 0 # Joshua 04 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### God's war<br>The conquering of the Promised Land was a special war. It was God's war against the people of Canaan and Joshua recognized that they would only be victorious through Yahweh's power. This is why their first act after crossing the Jordan River was to build an altar. This war was a witness to Yahweh's power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br>
JOS 04 01 yem9 figs-pronouns 0 General Information: Though Yahweh was speaking directly to Joshua, all occurrences of you include Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
JOS 04 01 h2p6 figs-idiom 0 crossed over The words "crossed over" refer to going to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: "went across" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 04 01 lz4a figs-explicit 0 the Jordan the Jordan River (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 04 03 g6yc figs-quotesinquotes 0 Give them this command: ' ... ' The nested quote can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: "Give them this command to take up twelve stones from the middle of the Jordan where the priests are standing on the dry ground, and bring them over with you and lay them down in the place where you will spend the night tonight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
JOS 04 04 r99r 0 General Information: Joshua tells the twelve men what to do.
JOS 04 05 wr9d figs-explicit 0 into the middle of the Jordan. Each of you is to take up a stone upon his shoulder Each of the twelve men were to pick up a large stone from the Jordan River bed and carry them to the other side to build a monument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 04 06 v6tn 0 General Information: Joshua tells Israel what the pile of twelve stones mean.
JOS 04 07 bq5m figs-activepassive 0 The waters of the Jordan were cut off before the ark of the covenant of Yahweh This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh cut off the waters of the Jordan in front of the ark of his covenant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 04 07 gsy5 0 The waters of the Jordan were "The Jordan River was"
JOS 04 07 ew13 0 were cut off before the ark The Jordan River was prevented by God from flowing up to the ark that was being carried by the priests.
JOS 04 07 ww74 0 the waters of the Jordan were cut off The water flowing down the Jordan River stopped before the ark so everyone including the ark traveled on the dry river bed.
JOS 04 08 q4qp 0 General Information: Joshua and Israel continue to do as Yahweh commanded.
JOS 04 08 f69z figs-explicit 0 they picked up twelve stones from the middle of the Jordan This refers to the twelve men picking up stones from the middle of the Jordan River bed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 04 09 igh8 figs-explicit 0 Then Joshua set up twelve stones in the middle of the Jordan These were twelve additional stones, not the stones that the twelve men carried from the river bed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 04 09 yb3y 0 The memorial is there to this day This means the memorial was there to the day that the author was writing this book.
JOS 04 10 reg9 0 the Jordan This refers to the Jordan River.
JOS 04 10 bl85 figs-metonymy 0 the people This refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 04 10 er8c figs-idiom 0 crossed over This means to go to the opposite bank of the river. Alternate translation: "traveled from one side to the opposite side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 04 11 vff8 figs-idiom 0 before the people This refers to being in front of the people or in the sight of all the people. Everyone saw the ark being carried by the priests. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 04 12 gp7q figs-explicit 0 The tribe of Reuben, the tribe of Gad, and the half tribe of Manasseh passed before the people of Israel formed up as an army These were the soldiers of the 3 tribes that were fulfilling their obligation to lead the Israelites into battle for settling on the East side of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 04 14 cc5t 0 just as they The word "they" refers to the people of Israel.
JOS 04 15 m7sg 0 General Information: Yahweh tells Joshua to have the priests exit the Jordan River.
JOS 04 17 xw1x 0 General Information: The Author was making it clear that parting the Jordan River was no different than parting the Red Sea for the previous generation.
JOS 04 18 m5z1 0 waters of the Jordan returned to their place and overflowed its banks The Jordan River was overflowing its banks and flooding the area before and after Israel passed through on dry land.
JOS 04 18 zlb5 translate-numbers 0 four days "4 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 04 19 bf72 0 came up out of the Jordan This refers to when Israel crossed the Jordan River on dry ground.
JOS 04 19 zy5r translate-hebrewmonths 0 on the tenth day of the first month This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The tenth day is near the end of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JOS 04 20 s8s2 figs-explicit 0 The twelve stones that they took out of the Jordan Each tribe was to take one stone from the Jordan River so Joshua could build a memorial of the crossing event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 04 22 lx8h 0 General Information: Joshua continues to remind the people the purpose of the pile of stones.
JOS 04 22 p6nk 0 Tell your children It was for Israel to teach their children of God's miracles so that they would honor Yahweh forever.
JOS 04 24 qe29 figs-metonymy 0 the hand of Yahweh is mighty This refers to the power of Yahweh being strong. Alternate translation: "Yahweh is mighty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 05 intro dv8f 0 # Joshua 05 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Circumcision<br><br>It would have been very unusual to be circumcised in a time of war. When men are circumcised they are unable to move without pain or to defend themselves in battle for several days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]])<br><br>##### Manna<br><br>Yahweh stops providing manna in this chapter and will no longer provide them with their daily allotment of food. This does not mean Yahweh's care and provision will stop.<br>
JOS 05 01 el1p figs-parallelism 0 their hearts melted ... there was no longer any spirit in them These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of their fear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS 05 01 q8mi figs-metonymy 0 their hearts melted Here "hearts" refers to their courage. They were so afraid that it was as if their courage melted away like wax in a fire. Alternate translation: "they lost all their courage" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 05 01 a2wh figs-metonymy 0 there was no longer any spirit in them Here "spirit" refers to their will to fight. Alternate translation: "they no longer had any will to fight" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 05 03 m1u7 figs-explicit 0 Joshua made himself flint knives ... he circumcised all the males There were over 600,000 males, so it is understood that while Joshua was in charge of this task, many other people helped him. If this would confuse your readers, you may want to make this explicit. Alternate translation: "Joshua and the Israelites made themselves flint knives ... they circumcised all the males" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 05 03 jin6 translate-names 0 Gibeath Haaraloth This is a place name which commemorates Israel rededicating themselves to Yahweh. It means "the hill of the foreskins." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 05 04 i17c 0 General Information: The reason all the males of Israel had to be circumcised is explained.
JOS 05 04 uz5p 0 the men of war the men who were old enough to be soldiers
JOS 05 06 k8wl figs-metonymy 0 obey the voice of Yahweh Here "voice" refers to the things that Yahweh spoke. Alternate translation: "obey the things that Yahweh commanded them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 05 06 jrp7 figs-metaphor 0 a land flowing with milk and honey God spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. Alternate translation: "a land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 05 09 x1q8 figs-metaphor 0 This day I have rolled away the disgrace of Egypt from you Their disgrace is spoken of as if it were a large stone that blocked their path. Here "rolled away" means "removed." Alternate translation: "This day I have removed the disgrace of Egypt from you" or "You were disgraced when you were slaves in Egypt. But, today I have caused you to no longer be disgraced" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 05 10 tdl1 translate-hebrewmonths 0 the fourteenth day of the month This is near the end of March on Western calendars. Alternate translation: "the fourteenth day of the first month" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 05 13 iyi7 figs-metaphor 0 he lifted up his eyes and looked, and behold, a man was standing Here looking up is spoken of as if Joshua literally lifted his eyes in his hands. Alternate translation: "he looked up and saw that a man was standing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 05 13 x26s 0 behold The word "behold" alerts us to pay special attention to new information. Your language may have a way of doing this.
JOS 05 13 kk45 0 he had drawn his sword and it was in his hand Here the words "he" and "his" refer to the man who was standing in front of Joshua.
JOS 05 14 d8u1 0 He said The word "he" refers to the man Joshua saw.
JOS 05 14 ds5l 0 Neither This is the beginning of the man's answer to Joshua's question, "Are you for us or for our enemies?" This short answer could be clarified. Alternate translation: "I am neither for you nor for your enemies"
JOS 05 14 r42a translate-symaction 0 Joshua lay facedown on the ground to worship This was an act of worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JOS 05 15 ge5y translate-symaction 0 Take off your sandals from your feet This was an act of reverence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JOS 06 intro uie9 0 # Joshua 06 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Yahweh conquers<br><br>It was God, not the army, who gave them victory. It is said, "Shout! For Yahweh has given you the city." The circumstances of Israel's victory in the battle for Jericho were very unusual. It was never common to march around a city or to shout in order to win a military battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
JOS 06 01 gbz8 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells us why the gates of Jericho are closed and locked up.
JOS 06 02 j65i figs-pastforfuture 0 I have delivered Jericho into your hand, its king, and its trained soldiers Yahweh is telling Joshua that he will certainly do this by saying that he has already done it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
JOS 06 02 v4hu figs-metonymy 0 into your hand The word "hand" is a metonym for the control that the hand exercises. Alternate translation: "so that you can control it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 06 03 eik2 0 You must do this for six days "You must do this once each day for six days"
JOS 06 04 b6ml 0 Seven priests must carry seven trumpets of rams' horns before the ark The seven priests are to march in front of other priests who are carrying the ark and marching around the city.
JOS 06 05 d5rg 0 they must sound a long blast with the ram's horn ... of the trumpet The word "they" refers to the seven priests. The "ram's horn" and "trumpet" refer to the trumpets of rams' horns that the priests were blowing in [Joshua 6:4](../06/04.md).
JOS 06 05 g97v 0 the wall of the city "the outer wall of the city" or "the wall surrounding the city"
JOS 06 06 h9cn translate-names 0 Nun This is Joshua's father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 06 06 s5ne 0 Take up the ark of the covenant "Pick up the ark of the covenant"
JOS 06 08 l35d figs-metonymy 0 before Yahweh Possible meanings are 1) "in obedience to Yahweh" or 2) "in front of Yahweh's ark" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 06 08 vk7j 0 they gave a blast on the trumpets "they sounded the trumpets loudly" or "the priests blew into the ram's horn trumpets"
JOS 06 08 ayf9 figs-explicit 0 The ark of the covenant of Yahweh followed after them It can be stated clearly that there were people carrying the ark. Alternate translation: "The priests who were carrying the ark of the covenant of Yahweh followed after them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 06 10 ls5v figs-metonymy 0 No sound must leave your mouths Sound leaving someone's mouth refers to that person's speaking or shouting. Alternate translation: "Do not yell or speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 06 10 tw9q figs-events 0 But Joshua commanded the people Joshua had commanded the people before they started walking around the city. Alternate translation: "Joshua had commanded the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
JOS 06 13 ai87 0 gave blasts on the trumpets This means that they blew into their trumpets, causing them to make loud noises, multiple times. Alternate translation: "continually sounded the trumpets loudly" or "blew into the ram's horn trumpets continually"
JOS 06 14 j232 translate-ordinal 0 the second day the next day (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JOS 06 14 r4j1 0 They did this Israel marched around Jericho once every day.
JOS 06 14 p14u translate-numbers 0 six days "6 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 06 16 fp32 0 the people This refers to the people of Israel.
JOS 06 16 sc3s 0 gave a blast with the trumpets "sounded the trumpets loudly" or "blew into the ram's horn trumpets"
JOS 06 16 fj73 figs-pastforfuture 0 Yahweh has given you Joshua is saying that Yahweh will definitely give them the city by saying that he has already given it to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
JOS 06 16 wdh6 figs-you 0 given you The word "you" refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 06 17 w1sn figs-activepassive 0 The city and all that is in it will be set apart to Yahweh for destruction This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: "You must set apart to Yahweh the city and all that is in it for destruction" or "You must set apart to Yahweh the city and all that is in it by destroying it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 06 18 ypv3 figs-metaphor 0 be on guard about taking the things Being careful is spoken of as if they are to guard themselves. "Be careful that you do not take the things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 06 18 p8xv figs-metaphor 0 you will bring trouble on it Doing something that makes bad things to happen to the city is spoken of as bringing trouble on it. Alternate translation: "you will cause bad things to happen to it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 06 19 bz6i 0 the treasury of Yahweh a collection of things set apart for the worship of Yahweh
JOS 06 20 fm69 0 the people gave a great shout "the people of Israel shouted"
JOS 06 20 v2v6 0 gave blasts with the trumpets "sounded the trumpets loudly" or "blew into the ram's horn trumpets"
JOS 06 24 ny39 0 They burned the city The word "they" refers to the Israelite soldiers. It does not refer only to the two young men who brought Rahab and her family out of the city.
JOS 06 25 w9ik figs-metonymy 0 She lives in Israel The word "She" refers to Rahab and represents her descendants. Alternate translation: "Her descendants live in Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 06 25 qlj6 0 to this day "now" or "even today." Rahab's descendants are still living in Israel as the original writer writes this story.
JOS 06 26 cq3c figs-metaphor 0 Cursed is the man in Yahweh's sight who rebuilds Being cursed in Yahweh's sight represents being cursed by Yahweh. Alternate translation: "May Yahweh curse the man who rebuilds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 06 26 len7 figs-metaphor 0 At the cost of his firstborn son, he will lay the foundation The consequence of a man laying a new foundation for Jericho is that his firstborn son would die. This is spoken of as if it were a cost that the man would pay. Alternate translation: "If he lays the foundation, he will lose his firstborn son" or "If he lays the foundation, his firstborn son will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 06 26 anp8 figs-metaphor 0 at the cost of his youngest son, he will set up its gates The consequence of a man setting up new gates for Jericho is that his youngest son would die. This is spoken of as if it were a cost that the man would pay. Alternate translation: "If he sets up its gates, he will lose his youngest son" or "If he sets up it gates, his youngest son will die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 06 27 brx7 figs-metaphor 0 his fame spread throughout the land This refers to Joshua's fame, not Yahweh's. Becoming known among the people throughout the land is spoken of as if his fame spread. Alternate translation: "Joshua became famous throughout the land" or "people throughout the land learned about Joshua" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 07 intro uv41 0 # Joshua 07 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Sin brought defeat<br><br>It was great sin to take what was to be destroyed. Because of their sin, Yahweh withheld victory from the Israelites. Sin resulted in defeat in battle. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
JOS 07 01 mtm4 0 the things that were set apart for destruction "the things that God had said they must set apart to him by destroying them"
JOS 07 01 z3zl translate-names 0 Achan ... Karmi ... Zabdi ... Zerah These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 07 01 li2v figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh's anger burned "anger" and "burned" indicates intensity, not that fire is present. Alternate translation: "Yahweh's anger burned like a fire" or "Yahweh was very angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 07 03 ui7f 0 all the people This refers to the army of Israel.
JOS 07 03 z2xr 0 they are few in number The word "they" refers to the people of Ai.
JOS 07 04 i5e8 0 three thousand men went up from the army These men were part of the army. Alternate translation: "three thousand men belonging to the army went up"
JOS 07 04 ak54 translate-numbers 0 three thousand men "3,000 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 07 05 nyw2 translate-numbers 0 thirty-six men "36 men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 07 05 zcr5 figs-parallelism 0 The hearts of the people melted and became like water These phrases "melted" and "became like water" share similar meanings and are combined to emphasize that the people were extremely afraid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS 07 05 j2v2 figs-synecdoche 0 The hearts of the people melted Here the people are represented by their "hearts" to emphasize their emotions. Alternate translation: "The people were very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOS 07 05 h4tc 0 The hearts of the people The phrase "the people" refers to the Israelite soldiers.
JOS 07 06 ty1c translate-symaction 0 tore his garments ... put dust on their heads and lay facedown on the ground in front of the ark of Yahweh They did these things to show God how sad and distressed they were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
JOS 07 07 jb6r figs-ellipsis 0 To give us into the hands of the Amorites to destroy us? Joshua was asking if this is the reason God had brought them across the Jordan. Alternate translation: "Did you do it in order to give us into the hands of the Amorites to destroy us?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JOS 07 07 run5 figs-metonymy 0 To give us into the hands of the Amorites to destroy us? The hands of the Amorites represents their control and power. Giving the Israelites into their hands to destroy them represents allowing the Amorites to have control of the Israelites and destroy them. Alternate translation: "To allow the Amorites to destroy us? (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 07 07 aq5b 0 If only we made a different decision The words "If only" show that this is a wish for something that had not happened. Alternate translation: "I wish we had made a different decision"
JOS 07 08 x4pf 0 General Information: Joshua expresses frustration to God.
JOS 07 08 ke9p figs-rquestion 0 what can I say, after Israel has turned their backs before their enemies? Joshua said this to show how upset he was that he did not even know what to say. Alternate translation: "I do not know what to say. Israel has turned their backs before their enemies!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOS 07 08 s4eb figs-metonymy 0 Israel has turned their backs before their enemies Doing this represents running away from their enemies. Alternate translation: "Israel has run away from their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 07 09 n2kp figs-metonymy 0 They will surround us and make the people of the earth forget our name Making people forget the name of the Israelites represents making them forget the Israelites. In this case they would do it by killing the Israelites. Alternate translation: "They will surround us and kill us, and the people of the earth will forget about us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 07 09 r713 figs-metonymy 0 for your great name The phrase "your great name" here represents God's reputation and power. Alternate translation: "And so what will you do so that people will know that you are great" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 07 09 vd3r figs-rquestion 0 What will you do for your great name? Joshua uses this question to warn God that if the Israelites are destroyed, then the other people will think that God is not great. Alternate translation: "Then there will be nothing you can do for your great name." or "Then people will not know that you are great." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 07 10 ev1w 0 General Information: Yahweh tells Joshua why Israel is cursed.
JOS 07 10 hqu3 figs-rquestion 0 Why are you lying there on your face? God used this question to rebuke Joshua for lying there on his face. Alternate translation: "Stop lying there with your face in the dirt!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOS 07 11 lc29 0 the things that were set apart These are the things "marked for destruction" from [Joshua 6:18-19](../06/18.md). Alternate translation: "the cursed things" or "those things which God has cursed"
JOS 07 11 dd18 figs-metaphor 0 They have stolen and then also hidden their sin Hiding their sin represents trying to keep others from knowing that they have sinned. Alternate translation: "They have stolen those things, and then they tried to keep people from knowing that they sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 07 12 yzi5 figs-metonymy 0 cannot stand before their enemies Standing before their enemies represents fighting successfully against their enemies. Alternate translation: "cannot fight successfully against their enemies" or "cannot defeat their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 07 12 xix1 figs-metonymy 0 They turned their backs from their enemies Doing this represents running away from their enemies. Alternate translation: "They ran away from their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 07 12 fs9m figs-metonymy 0 I will not be with you any more Being with Israel represents helping Israel. Alternate translation: "I will not help you any more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 07 13 ln4q 0 the people This refers to the people of Israel.
JOS 07 13 j4ki figs-metonymy 0 You cannot stand against your enemies Standing before their enemies represents fighting successfully against them. Alternate translation: "You cannot fight successfully against your enemies" or "You cannot defeat your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 07 14 dp8p figs-idiom 0 you must present yourselves by your tribes There were twelve tribes that made up the people of Israel. The phrase "by your tribes" means "each tribe." Alternate translation: "each of your tribes must present themselves to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 07 14 scj7 figs-idiom 0 The tribe that Yahweh selects will come near by their clans The tribe was made up of multiple clans. Alternate translation: "From the tribe that Yahweh selects, each clan will come near" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 07 14 crt9 0 The tribe that Yahweh selects The leaders of Israel would toss lots, and by doing this, they would learn which tribe Yahweh had selected. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "The tribe that Yahweh selects by lot" or "The tribe that Yahweh selects when we toss lots"
JOS 07 14 xl85 figs-idiom 0 The clan that Yahweh selects must come near by each household The clan was made up of multiple households. Alternate translation: "From the clan that Yahweh selects, each household must come near" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 07 14 q8me figs-idiom 0 The household that Yahweh selects must come near one by one The household was made up of multiple people. Alternate translation: "From the household that Yahweh selects, each person must come near" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 07 15 d5nb figs-activepassive 0 the one who is selected This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: "the one whom Yahweh selects" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 07 15 g1vn figs-metaphor 0 he has broken the covenant of Yahweh Breaking the covenant represents disobeying it. Alternate translation: "he has disobeyed the covenant of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 07 16 fdv2 0 General Information: Joshua follows Yahweh's command to bring Israel before Yahweh.
JOS 07 16 lzb4 figs-idiom 0 brought Israel near, tribe by tribe The phrase "tribe by tribe" means each tribe. Alternate translation: "brought each tribe of Israel near" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 07 16 g7qp figs-activepassive 0 the tribe of Judah was selected This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh selected the tribe of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 07 17 br4y figs-idiom 0 He brought near the clan of the Zerahites person by person The phrase "person by person" is an idiom meaning each person. The persons in this sentence were the leaders of their households. Alternate translation: "He brought near each person of the clan of the Zerahites" or "From the clan of the Zerahites, he brought near each man who was the leader of his household" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 07 17 z419 0 the clan of the Zerahites The clan was named after the man named Zerah.
JOS 07 17 ha7i translate-names 0 Zabdi This is a man's name. Translate as you did in [Joshua 7:1](../07/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 07 18 u41u translate-names 0 Zabdi ... Achan ... Karmi ... Zerah These are men's names. Translate them as you did in [Joshua 7:1](../07/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 07 19 k521 figs-abstractnouns 0 give your confession to him The abstract noun "confession" can be expressed with the verb "confess." Alternate translation: "confess to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JOS 07 19 fv9g figs-metaphor 0 Do not hide it from me Hiding information represents trying to keep someone from knowing it. Alternate translation: "Do not try to prevent me from knowing what you have done" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 07 21 b9nn translate-bweight 0 two hundred shekels This is over two kilograms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
JOS 07 21 y7vj translate-bweight 0 fifty shekels This is over 500 grams. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
JOS 07 21 xw3j figs-activepassive 0 They are hidden in the ground This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I hid them in the ground" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 07 22 ahp1 0 they looked "the men Joshua had sent looked"
JOS 07 23 vh7i 0 poured them out Use the word in your language for pouring many small solid things out of a large bag onto the ground.
JOS 07 24 ta3l translate-names 0 the Valley of Achor The name means "Valley of Trouble," but it is best to translate Achor the way it sounds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 07 25 vd6n figs-rquestion 0 Why have you troubled us? Joshua uses this question to rebuke Achan. Alternate translation: "You have troubled us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOS 07 25 i3rq 0 Then they stoned the rest with stones and burned them with fire. Possible meanings are 1) the Israelites burned Achan's family to death and then covered them with stones or 2) the Israelites stoned Achan's family to death and then burned the dead bodies or 3) that Achan and his possessions were stoned and then burned.
JOS 07 26 zcp9 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh turned away his burning anger Turning away his anger represents stopping being angry. Burning anger represents strong anger. Alternate translation: "Yahweh stopped being angry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 07 26 hfq5 0 until this present day It was still called the valley of Achor at the time the author wrote this. Alternate translation: "even today" or "even now"
JOS 08 intro f3jc 0 # Joshua 08 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Sin brought defeat<br>It was great sin to take what was to be destroyed. Because of their sin, Yahweh withheld victory from the Israelites. Sin resulted in defeat in battle. Because they repented, Yahweh brought victory to Israel in Ai. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])<br><br>##### Built an altar<br>Altars were commonly built in the Ancient Near East to commemorate important events. Several altars were built in the Book of Joshua.<br>
JOS 08 01 l4p8 figs-parallelism 0 Do not fear; do not be discouraged These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Yahweh combines them to emphasize that there is no reason to be afraid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS 08 01 den6 figs-metonymy 0 I have given into your hand the king of Ai ... and his land Giving them into Israel's hand represents giving Israel victory and control over them. Alternate translation: "I have given you victory over the king of Ai and his people, and I have given you control over his city and his land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 08 01 t7bq figs-pastforfuture 0 I have given God speaks of what he promises to do as though he had already done it, because he will certainly do it. Alternate translation: "I will certainly give" or "I am giving" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
JOS 08 02 h3r6 figs-personification 0 her king The word "her" refers to the city of Ai. Cities were often spoken of as if they were women. Alternate translation: "its king" or "their king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOS 08 03 k4uk 0 the men of war "the army of Israel"
JOS 08 05 vtq4 0 General Information: Joshua continues to explain the battle plan to his soldiers.
JOS 08 07 fw9x figs-metonymy 0 will give it into your hand Here "hand" symbolizes the control and power the people have over their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 08 08 aj5t 0 General Information: Joshua finishes explaining the battle plan to his soldiers.
JOS 08 09 yt5n 0 Joshua sent them out This phrase refers to Joshua sending the thirty thousand men who had been selected to ambush Ai to where they would set the ambush.
JOS 08 09 i3lf 0 the place of ambush "where they would hide until it was time to attack"
JOS 08 12 ycd3 translate-numbers 0 five thousand men "5,000 men." This group seems to be a portion of the "thirty thousand men" ([Joshua 8:9](../08/09.md)). This smaller group remained in the ambush while the other 25,000 men attacked the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 08 13 j7b9 0 General Information: The Israelites prepare to fight the people of Ai.
JOS 08 13 s1lu 0 the main army This refers to the largest group of fighting men, those not in the ambush group.
JOS 08 13 nq1b 0 rear guard those who were "set in ambush on the west side of the city" ([Joshua 8:12](../08/12.md))
JOS 08 15 a83i figs-metonymy 0 let themselves be defeated before them "let themselves be defeated before the people of Ai." The phrase "before them" represents what the people of Ai would see and think. The phrase "be defeated" can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "let the people of Ai think that the Israelites were defeated" or "let the people of Ai think that they had defeated the Israelites" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 08 15 w933 0 before them the army of Ai
JOS 08 15 bri5 0 they fled The army of Israel fled.
JOS 08 16 dr3a 0 they went after ... they were drawn away These occurrences of "they" refer to the army of Ai.
JOS 08 16 m6sq 0 to go after them to go after the army of Isreal
JOS 08 16 lcb5 figs-activepassive 0 All the people who were in the city were called together This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The city leaders called all the people in the city together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 08 16 k8ff figs-hyperbole 0 All the people who were in the city The writer speaks in a general way about all the people, but "all the people" refers only to those who could fight. Alternate translation: "all the people in the city who could help chase the army of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JOS 08 17 zip6 0 left it open "left the city gates open"
JOS 08 18 xe2m figs-metonymy 0 I will give Ai into your hand Giving Ai into Israel's hand represents giving Israel victory and control over Ai. Alternate translation: "I will give you victory over Ai" or "I will cause you to capture Ai" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 08 24 v2gf figs-parallelism 0 when Israel had finished killing all the inhabitants ... when all of them ... had fallen by the edge of the sword The writer uses both of these sentences, which mean almost the same thing, to strongly say that the Israelites had obeyed God's command to kill everyone in Ai. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS 08 24 dd98 figs-euphemism 0 had fallen by the edge of the sword Here "fallen" is a euphemism for dying. Also, "the edge of the sword" represents whole swords, and swords represent either battle or the army of Israel. Alternate translation: "had died in battle" or "had died when the army of Israel attacked them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 08 28 uiv3 0 an abandoned place It is a place where people once lived, but now, no one lives there.
JOS 08 29 wd9u 0 to this day "today" or "even now"
JOS 08 30 xev4 translate-names 0 Mount Ebal a mountain in Canaan (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 08 35 ym6u figs-doublenegatives 0 There was not one word from all that Moses commanded that Joshua did not read This can be expressed positively. Alternate translation: "Joshua read every word of all that Moses commanded" or "Joshua read the entire law of Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JOS 08 35 kdu7 figs-metonymy 0 Israel This refers to the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 09 intro w1cx 0 # Joshua 09 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Israel's mistake<br><br>Israel was deceived because "they did not consult with Yahweh for guidance." Instead of consulting Yahweh, they attempted to achieve victory under their own power. This was sinful. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
JOS 09 01 g4h4 translate-names 0 the Jordan a shortened name for the Jordan River (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 09 02 uj94 figs-metonymy 0 under one command Here "command" represents the one who commanded them. Being under him represents obeying his commands. Alternate translation: "obeying the commands of one leader" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 09 04 r5yb 0 cunning plan a crafty scheme intended to trick Joshua and the Israelites
JOS 09 05 q9v6 0 dry and moldy "dry and filled with fungus" or "stale and ruined"
JOS 09 06 rz8e figs-synecdoche 0 men of Israel This refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOS 09 07 w599 translate-names 0 the Hivites This is another name for the Gibeonites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 09 07 t1r4 figs-rquestion 0 Perhaps you live near us. How can we make a covenant with you? Joshua is emphasizing that the people of Israel have to follow the command of Yahweh above all else. Alternate translation: "If you do live near us, we cannot make a covenant with you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOS 09 10 kam4 translate-names 0 Sihon This is the name of the defeated Amorite king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 09 10 s17h translate-names 0 Heshbon This is the name of the royal city of the nation of Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 09 10 pz6y translate-names 0 Og This is the name of the defeated king of Bashan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 09 10 p9ed translate-names 0 Ashtaroth This is the name of a city known for worshiping the goddess of the same name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 09 11 hq3m figs-synecdoche 0 in your hand This phrase means "take with you." Here the word "hand" represents the possession by the Gibeonites of the provisions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOS 09 11 k7fe 0 meet them and say to them The word "them" refers to the people of Israel.
JOS 09 15 f67z figs-parallelism 0 Joshua made peace with them and made a covenant with them, to let them live. The leaders of the people also made a vow to them. These two sentences are saying that the same thing occurred. Joshua, the leader of the nation of Israel, promised not to kill the Gibeonites. The leaders of the nation of Israel, likewise, made the same covenant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS 09 15 je8p figs-metonymy 0 the people Here this refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 09 17 s1u5 translate-numbers 0 third day This refers to number three in order. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 09 17 q18q translate-names 0 Kephirah This is one of the cities of the Gibeonites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 09 17 j671 translate-names 0 Beeroth This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 09 17 alr9 translate-names 0 Kiriath Jearim This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 09 19 a168 0 the people Here this phrase refers to the nation of Israel.
JOS 09 21 wg7n 0 the Gibeonites became cutters of wood and drawers of water "the Gibeonites became woodcutters and water carriers"
JOS 09 23 zlp7 figs-metonymy 0 house of my God Here this phrase refers to the dwelling place of Yahweh, the Tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 09 25 a5un figs-doublet 0 Whatever seems good and right The words "good" and "right" mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: "Whatever seems fair and just" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOS 09 26 gy9c 0 for them The word "them" here refers to the Gibeonites.
JOS 09 27 p81s 0 to this day "even up to now." This means that the people had continued to do these things even up to the day that the writer was living.
JOS 10 intro uy1f 0 # Joshua 10 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines in 10:12-13 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are a poem.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### "For Yahweh was waging war on behalf of Israel"<br>Israel's conquest of the Promised Land was Yahweh's war on the ungodly Canaanites more than Israel's war. This type of war was different from other wars and God gave Israel special instructions. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### Idiom<br><br>The people of Gibeon used an idiom when they called for help from Israel: "Do not withdraw your hands," meaning "do not stop protecting." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])<br>
JOS 10 01 au8p 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the writer tells about a new person in the story, Adoni-Zedek.
JOS 10 01 y65k translate-names 0 Adoni-Zedek This is the name of a man who is an important king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 03 y6ss translate-names 0 Jarmuth ... Lachish ... Eglon These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 03 k9rg translate-names 0 Hoham ... Piram ... Japhia ... Debir These are the names of kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 04 ct5k 0 Come up to me "Travel to where I am." Jerusalem was higher in elevation than other cities in Canaan.
JOS 10 05 d9vy translate-numbers 0 five kings "5 kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 10 05 m422 translate-names 0 Jarmuth ... Lachish ... Eglon These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 05 vs78 0 They set up their positions against Gibeon This means they set up their camp around their city. This was a way of weakening those in the city. It prevented people from escaping the city, and it prevented others from bringing food and water to them in the city.
JOS 10 06 wk68 0 They said The word "They" here refers to Gibeonites.
JOS 10 06 zhx9 figs-litotes 0 Do not withdraw your hands from your servants This humble request is stated with two negatives to emphasize the need for a positive action. Alternate translation: "Please come and use your strength to protect us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JOS 10 06 am1x figs-metonymy 0 your hands The word "hands" here refers to the people of Israel's strength. Alternate translation: "your strength" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 10 08 c4uw figs-metonymy 0 I have given them into your hand Here "hand" represents the people of Israel's strength and their ability to defeat their enemy. The word "them" refers to the attacking army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 10 08 du96 0 I have given them Here the word "them" refers to the attacking armies.
JOS 10 09 ecq8 figs-synecdoche 0 Joshua came The entire army of Israel is referred to here by the name of their commander, Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOS 10 10 sq89 0 Yahweh confused the enemy before Israel Here "Israel" refers to the entire army of Israel.
JOS 10 10 yr7y translate-names 0 Beth Horon ... Azekah ... Makkedah These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 11 fbf9 translate-names 0 Beth Horon ... Azekah These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 11 tuc9 0 threw large stones down from heaven "threw large hailstones from the sky"
JOS 10 12 si1e figs-parallelism 0 Sun, be still at Gibeon, and moon, in the Valley of Aijalon Joshua is praying that Yahweh would make the progression of time stop on this day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS 10 12 j9zt figs-personification 0 Sun ... moon Joshua commands the sun and moon as if these were people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOS 10 12 ug8m translate-names 0 Valley of Aijalon This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 13 dq14 figs-metonymy 0 the nation This refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 10 13 b91l figs-rquestion 0 Is this not written in the Book of Jashar? The writer uses this question as background information to remind the reader that the incident is well-documented. Alternate translation: "This is written in The Book of Jashar." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JOS 10 16 wcb9 translate-names 0 Makkedah This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 17 mns8 figs-activepassive 0 It was told to Joshua Messengers came and told Joshua. Alternate translation: "Someone told Joshua" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 10 19 l8tl figs-metonymy 0 into your hand The phrase "your hand" here means "your control." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 10 21 kb3w translate-names 0 Makkedah Translate the same way as you did in [Joshua 10:10](../10/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 21 py6w 0 No one dared to say one word against "No one dared to say anything against" or "No one dared to complain or protest against"
JOS 10 22 zs9n figs-idiom 0 Open the mouth of the cave Here "mouth" is an idiom that means "entrance." Alternate translation: "Open the entrance of the cave" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 10 23 g4te translate-names 0 Jarmuth ... Lachish ... Eglon These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 24 dnc1 figs-synecdoche 0 every man of Israel Here the men of Israel represent only those who were soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOS 10 27 e9z9 0 to this very day "until the author wrote this story"
JOS 10 28 e1nc translate-names 0 Makkedah This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [Joshua 10:10](../10/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 28 nhk6 figs-parallelism 0 He completely destroyed everyone in it. He left no survivor in it The second sentence summarizes the first sentence to emphasize that Joshua left no person or animal alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS 10 29 k439 translate-names 0 Libnah This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 31 dsk6 translate-names 0 Libnah ... Lachish These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 32 yw79 figs-metonymy 0 into the hand of Israel Here their "hand" represents their control. Alternate translation: "Yahweh gave Lachish into the control of the nation of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 10 33 rff2 translate-names 0 Horam This is the name of a man who is an important king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 33 lp2c translate-names 0 Gezer ... Lachish These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 34 y3g9 translate-names 0 Lachish ... Eglon These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 35 dqi7 figs-doublet 0 struck it with the edge of the sword ... completely destroyed everyone in it These two phrases have similar meanings. Together they show the completeness of the destruction of Eglon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOS 10 36 a6ng translate-names 0 Eglon This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Joshua 10:3](../10/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 37 gba2 figs-metonymy 0 They captured it and struck it with the edge of the sword The sword represents the army of Israel and striking expresses the idea of slaughter and destruction. Alternate translation: "They captured and killed and destroyed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 10 38 mr8b translate-names 0 Debir This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 39 g2ta translate-names 0 Debir ... Libnah These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 10 39 m8bf figs-metonymy 0 They struck them with the edge of the sword The sword represents the army of Israel and striking expresses the idea of slaughter and destruction. Alternate translation: "They killed and destroyed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 10 40 u843 figs-parallelism 0 Of all their kings he left not one survivor. He completely destroyed every living thing These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize the complete destruction that the people of Israel accomplished at Yahweh's command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS 10 42 qy8i 0 Joshua captured all these kings and their land This refers to the kings and lands that were listed beginning in [Joshua 10:28](../10/28.md).
JOS 10 42 rbp2 figs-synecdoche 0 Joshua captured Here Joshua represents his whole army. Alternate translation: "Joshua and his soldiers captured" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOS 10 42 f9tx 0 at one time This does not mean in one day. It means during one military campaign, which may have lasted many days or weeks.
JOS 11 intro g8mw 0 # Joshua 11 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Yahweh overcomes the united forces of the northern kingdoms<br><br>Yahweh said to Joshua, "Do not be afraid in their presence, because tomorrow at this time I am giving them all to Israel as dead men." Even when the kingdoms of Canaan joined forces, they were not able to overcome the power of Yahweh.<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br>##### "Yahweh gave the enemy into the hand of Israel"<br>This phrase may present difficulties in translation. The translator should ensure that Yahweh receives credit for Israel's victory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])<br>
JOS 11 01 a1ca translate-names 0 Jabin ... Jobab These are names of kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 11 01 zi5u translate-names 0 Hazor ... Madon ... Shimron ... Akshaph These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 11 02 gz61 translate-names 0 Kinnereth ... Naphoth Dor These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 11 03 rds6 translate-names 0 Mount Hermon This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 11 04 d9fb 0 General Information: All the Canaanite kings attack Joshua and the nation of Israel.
JOS 11 04 e5l4 figs-hyperbole 0 a great number of soldiers, in number like the sand on the seashore No one can count the grains of sand on the seashore. This exaggeration emphasizes the very large number of soldiers that these kings assembled. Alternate translation: "such a great number of soldiers that there appeared to be as many of them as there are grains of sand on the seashore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JOS 11 05 kc2e translate-names 0 Merom This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 11 06 n348 figs-metaphor 0 I am giving them all to Israel as dead men Yahweh enabling Israel to conquer the enemy army and kill all of the soldiers is spoken of as if Yahweh killed the soldiers and then gave them to Israel. Alternate translation: "I will enable Israel to kill all of them in battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 11 06 lgk2 0 hamstring their horses "cripple their horses by cutting their legs." This is a practice where the tendons in the backs of the legs are cut so that the horses cannot walk.
JOS 11 07 sm9k translate-names 0 Merom This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 11 08 cw9y figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh gave the enemy into the hand of Israel Here the word "hand" represents power. Yahweh enabling the army of Israel to conquer their enemy is spoken of as if Yahweh had put the enemy army into Israel's hand. Alternate translation: "Yahweh enabled Israel to conquer the enemy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 11 08 n4ub 0 struck them ... struck them "attacked them ... attacked them"
JOS 11 08 m9b1 translate-names 0 Misrephoth Maim This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 11 09 q7dn 0 hamstrung This is a practice where the tendons in the backs of the legs are cut so that the horses cannot run. See how you translated this word in [Joshua 11:6](../11/06.md).
JOS 11 10 pbp8 0 He struck its king with the sword "Joshua killed the king of Hazor with his sword"
JOS 11 10 cjd1 figs-metaphor 0 Hazor had been head of all these kingdoms Hazor being the most important city is spoken of as Hazor being the head of the other kingdoms. Alternate translation: Hazor had been the most important of all these kingdoms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 11 11 be72 figs-parallelism 0 They struck with the sword every living creature that was there ... so there was not any living creature left alive These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize complete destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS 11 11 z2md figs-synecdoche 0 he set them apart to be destroyed The word "he" refers to Joshua and represents himself and his army. Completely destroying every living thing in the city is spoken of as if those living things were dedicated for destruction. Alternate translation: "the army completely destroyed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 11 12 i5tz 0 struck them with the edge of the sword "killed them"
JOS 11 13 f8kv 0 cities built on mounds "cities built on small hills"
JOS 11 14 grk1 figs-rpronouns 0 for themselves This phrase refers to the army of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JOS 11 14 n215 figs-parallelism 0 They killed every human being with the edge of the sword until all were dead. They left alive no creature that breathed. These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize complete destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS 11 15 ta4x figs-litotes 0 He left nothing undone of all that Yahweh commanded Moses to do This negative phrase emphasizes that Joshua did everything that Yahweh commanded. Alternate translation: "Joshua did everything that Yahweh commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JOS 11 17 yr6b translate-names 0 Mount Halak ... Baal Gad These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 11 20 pq7v figs-metaphor 0 it was Yahweh who hardened their hearts Yahweh causing the people of the cities to be stubborn is spoken of as if Yahweh had hardened their hearts. Alternate translation: "it was Yahweh who caused them to act stubbornly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 11 21 im1q translate-names 0 Anakim These are the descendants of Anak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 11 21 p6cd translate-names 0 Debir ... Anab These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 11 23 qe5v figs-metaphor 0 Joshua gave it as an inheritance to Israel Joshua giving the land to the Israelites is spoken of as if he had given the Israelites an inheritance as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: "Joshua gave the land to the Israelites as a permanent possession" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 11 23 x695 figs-personification 0 the land had rest from the wars The people no longer fighting wars is spoken of as if the land were a person who rested from war. Alternate translation: "the people no longer fought wars in the land" or "there was peace in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 12 intro ga6k 0 # Joshua 12 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>The ULT sets the lines in 12:2-5 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because they are part of a long list.<br>
JOS 12 01 e45x writing-background 0 Now This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the writer begins to provide background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JOS 12 01 fe2c 0 these are the kings This refers to the list of kings that continues through verse 24.
JOS 12 01 g8ju translate-names 0 the Arabah These are the names of a region of land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 02 uv1m translate-names 0 Aroer This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 02 ts6s 0 Sihon ... Heshbon See how you translated these words in [Joshua 9:10](../09/10.md).
JOS 12 03 dh7d 0 Sea of Kinnereth This is a place. See how you translated this in [Joshua 11:2](../11/02.md).
JOS 12 03 gc3x translate-names 0 Beth Jeshimoth ... Mount Pisgah These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 04 zb6d 0 Og, king of Bashan See how you translated this man's name in [Joshua 9:10](../09/10.md).
JOS 12 04 m4ct translate-names 0 the Rephaim These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 04 t7hy translate-names 0 Ashtaroth ... Edrei These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 05 vu4f translate-names 0 Salekah This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 05 sbq3 translate-names 0 Maacathites This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 06 bsj6 0 Reubenites These are the descendants of Reuben.
JOS 12 06 p8zt 0 Gadites These are the descendants of Gad.
JOS 12 06 zk48 0 half tribe of Manasseh They are called a half tribe because the other half of the tribe received an inheritance in the land of Canaan.
JOS 12 07 nie7 translate-names 0 Baal Gad ... Mount Halak These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 08 z37z translate-names 0 the Arabah This is the name of a region of land. Translate as in [Joshua 12:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 10 ps2m translate-names 0 Enaim This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 11 aj97 translate-names 0 Jarmuth ... Lachish These are the names of cities. Translate in the same way you did in [Joshua 10:3](../10/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 12 bgl2 translate-names 0 Eglon ... Gezer These are the names of cities. Translate "Eglon" in the same way you did in [Joshua 10:3](../10/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 13 mgg8 translate-names 0 Debir ... Geder These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 14 e9ba translate-names 0 Hormah ... Arad These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 15 nec9 translate-names 0 Libnah ... Adullam These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 16 se49 translate-names 0 Makkedah This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 17 g346 translate-names 0 Tappuah ... Hepher These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 18 m8vl translate-names 0 Aphek ... Lasharon These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 19 ga17 translate-names 0 Madon ... Hazor These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 20 cq4i translate-names 0 Shimron Meron ... Akshaph These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 21 pv5n translate-names 0 Taanach ... Megiddo These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 22 z2b9 translate-names 0 Kedesh ... Jokneam These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 23 a6eq translate-names 0 Dor ... Naphoth Dor ... Goyim These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 24 kv8w translate-names 0 Tirzah This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 12 24 aeg5 translate-numbers 0 thirty-one in all "31 in all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 13 intro zl7s 0 # Joshua 13 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins a section about dividing the land between the tribes of Israel.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Division of the land<br><br>There was still much land to be captured west of the Jordan River, but the tribe of Reuben, Gad and half of the tribe of Mannasah received their land east of the Jordan. This land had been promised to them in Numbers 32.<br><br>##### Driving out the people<br><br>While Yahweh achieved many great victories through Joshua, Israel was still supposed to drive out the rest of the Canaanites. Israel's success in this would depend on their faith in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br>
JOS 13 02 s51z figs-explicit 0 This is the land that still remains You may clarify that this is the land that Israel still needs to capture. Alternate translation: "This is the land that still remains for Israel to capture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 13 03 q1nv translate-names 0 Shihor This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 03 a3iw figs-activepassive 0 which is considered property of the Canaanites This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "which the Canaanites now consider their property" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 13 03 jnl3 translate-names 0 Avvites This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 04 b13s translate-names 0 Arah ... Aphek These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 05 bj71 translate-names 0 Baal Gad ... Mount Hermon These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 05 jd8r translate-names 0 Gebalites This is the name of a people group who lived in Geba. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 06 b7pk translate-names 0 Misrephoth Maim this is the name of a place (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 06 si8i figs-metaphor 0 land ... as an inheritance The land that Israel will claim is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they will receive as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 13 09 gfc4 translate-names 0 Aroer ... Medeba ... Dibon These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 09 lk8d 0 gorge a place where the river is far below the land on the sides
JOS 13 09 t2an 0 plateau flat land high above rivers
JOS 13 10 zm4w translate-names 0 Heshbon This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 11 whz4 translate-names 0 Salekah These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 11 kc79 0 the region of the Geshurites and Maacathites "the land where the Geshurites and Maacathites lived"
JOS 13 11 l98j translate-names 0 Maacathites These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 12 hw24 translate-names 0 Ashtaroth ... Edrei These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 12 u2dn translate-names 0 Rephaim This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 12 l1cu figs-synecdoche 0 Moses struck them Here "Moses" represents himself and the Israelite army that Moses led. Alternate translation: "Moses and the Israelites attacked them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOS 13 13 zb9l translate-names 0 the Geshurites or the Maacathites These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 13 hu1n figs-explicit 0 Geshur and Maacath live among Israel "Geshur" and "Maacath" are either the names of the ancestors of "the Geshurites" and "the Maacathites" or are the names of the cities in which they lived. Alternate translation: "those people live among Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 13 13 xw7d 0 to this day This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book.
JOS 13 14 zs6y figs-metaphor 0 Moses gave no inheritance The land that Moses assigned to the tribes of Israel is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 13 14 v9zc figs-metaphor 0 The offerings of Yahweh ... are their inheritance The writer speaks of the great honor that the Levites had by serving Yahweh as priests as if the offerings were something that they would inherit. Alternate translation: "The offerings of Yahweh ... are what they will have for their provision" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 13 14 br61 0 offerings of Yahweh "offerings that the people were to bring to Yahweh"
JOS 13 14 lz8a figs-activepassive 0 made by fire This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "that the priests burned with fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 13 16 f1uv translate-names 0 Aroer ... Medeba These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 16 s5yv 0 gorge ... plateau See how you translated these words in [Joshua 13:9](../13/09.md).
JOS 13 17 y6iu translate-names 0 Heshbon ... Dibon ... Bamoth Baal ... Beth Baal Meon These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 18 i4fe translate-names 0 Jahaz ... Kedemoth ... Mephaath These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 19 f1h3 translate-names 0 Kiriathaim ... Sibmah ... Zereth Shahar These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 20 is7v translate-names 0 Beth Peor ... Pisgah ... Beth Jeshimoth These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 21 uld7 translate-names 0 Heshbon This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 21 j6hq translate-names 0 Sihon ... Evi ... Rekem ... Zur ... Hur ... Reba These are the names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 21 x56e 0 together with the leaders of Midian "as he had defeated the leaders of Midian"
JOS 13 23 gc1r 0 this is their boundary The Jordan River was the western border of the land that the tribe of Reuben received.
JOS 13 23 x56m figs-metaphor 0 This was the inheritance of the tribe of Reuben The land that Moses assigned to the tribe of Reuben is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the tribe of Reuben received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 13 23 ud8m figs-activepassive 0 given to each of their clans This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "that Moses gave to each of their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 13 25 fmp2 translate-names 0 Jazer ... Aroer ... Rabbah These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 26 mr54 translate-names 0 Heshbon ... Ramath Mizpah ... Betonim ... Mahanaim ... Debir These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 27 ie4m translate-names 0 Beth Haram ... Beth Nimrah ... Zaphon ... Heshbon These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 28 hla2 figs-metaphor 0 This is the inheritance of the tribe of Gad The land that Moses assigned to the tribe of Gad is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the tribe of Gad received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 13 29 we69 figs-metaphor 0 Moses gave an inheritance to the half tribe of Manasseh The land that Moses assigned to the half tribe of Manasseh is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that he gave to them as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 13 29 gs84 0 half tribe of Manasseh Only half of the tribe received this land because the other half received land on the other side of the Jordan River.
JOS 13 29 p8yw figs-activepassive 0 It was assigned This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Moses assigned it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 13 30 s32g translate-names 0 Mahanaim ... Jair These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 31 b2aa translate-names 0 Ashtaroth ... Edrei These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 31 zde9 figs-activepassive 0 These were assigned This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Moses assigned these" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 13 31 g5si translate-names 0 Machir This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 13 32 hh57 figs-metaphor 0 This is the inheritance that Moses assigned to them The land that Moses assigned to the tribes of Israel on the east side of the Jordan is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that Moses gave to them as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: "This is the land that Moses assigned to them as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 13 33 ce57 figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh, the God of Israel, is their inheritance The writer speaks of the great honor that the Levites had by serving Yahweh as priests as if Yahweh were something that they would inherit. Alternate translation: "Yahweh, the God of Israel, is what they have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 14 intro dsn7 0 # Joshua 14 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Drive them out<br>The Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
JOS 14 01 u4tc figs-metaphor 0 the areas of land that the people of Israel received as their inheritance The land that the people of Israel acquired is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 14 01 ql64 0 tribal leaders "leaders of the tribes"
JOS 14 02 f1ux figs-activepassive 0 Their inheritance was selected by lot This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Eleazar, Joshua, and the tribal leaders cast lots to determine the inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 14 02 ti9l figs-synecdoche 0 by the hand of Moses Here the word "hand" refers to Moses himself and means that Yahweh used Moses as the agent to deliver his command. Alternate translation: "through Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOS 14 03 ptq4 figs-metaphor 0 Moses had given the inheritance of the two and one-half tribes beyond the Jordan, but to the Levites he gave no inheritance The land that Moses gave to the tribes is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 14 04 tye1 figs-activepassive 0 The Levites were given no portion of the inheritance in the land This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "And Moses did not give a portion of the inheritance to the Levites in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 14 04 c5l6 0 portion "part"
JOS 14 04 tj8s figs-ellipsis 0 but only certain cities to live in The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: "but he gave to them only certain cities to live in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JOS 14 04 m4nv 0 pasturelands fields of grass for the livestock to eat
JOS 14 04 j8ys 0 material resources physical things they needed so they could provide for their families
JOS 14 06 b9tc translate-names 0 Jephunneh This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 14 06 g6g8 translate-names 0 Kenizzite This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 14 07 wqe2 figs-idiom 0 I brought him a report again as it was in my heart to make Here the word "heart" represents the thoughts. The phrase is an idiom that refers to a report that is given honestly. Alternate translation: "I brought back to him an honest report" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 14 08 q6zs figs-metaphor 0 made the heart of the people melt with fear Making the people very afraid is spoken of as if it were making the hearts of the people melt. Alternate translation: "made the people very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 14 08 d53a figs-metaphor 0 I completely followed Yahweh Being loyal to Yahweh is spoken of as if it were completely following Yahweh. Alternate translation: "I remained loyal to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 14 09 ew2r figs-metaphor 0 the land ... will be an inheritance for you and for your children forever The land that Caleb and his descendants would have is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they would receive as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 14 09 shc9 figs-synecdoche 0 the land on which your foot has walked Here "your foot" represents Caleb. Alternate translation: "the land on which you have walked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOS 14 10 m9sn 0 look "pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important"
JOS 14 10 c4ma 0 while Israel walked in the wilderness "while the people of Israel traveled in the wilderness"
JOS 14 11 q443 0 My strength is now as my strength was then "I am still as strong now as I was then"
JOS 14 11 y4nf figs-idiom 0 for going and coming This is an idiom that refers to daily activities. Alternate translation: "for the things I do every day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 14 12 r8ka 0 hill country Possible meanings are 1) many large hills or small mountains or 2) one mountain.
JOS 14 12 ner3 translate-names 0 Anakim This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 14 13 q6ae figs-metaphor 0 gave Hebron as an inheritance to Caleb Hebron is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that Caleb received as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 14 14 gji6 0 to this day This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book.
JOS 14 14 zii3 figs-metaphor 0 he completely followed Yahweh Being loyal to Yahweh is spoken of as if it were completely following Yahweh. Alternate translation: "he remained loyal to Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 14 15 hyh6 translate-names 0 Kiriath Arba This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 14 15 wv1z figs-personification 0 Then the land had rest from war The people no longer fighting wars is spoken of as if the land were a person who rested from war. See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 11:23](../11/23.md). Alternate translation: "Then the people no longer fought wars in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 15 intro ght5 0 # Joshua 15 General Notes<br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Judah. It will be difficult to fully understand their location without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the location of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
JOS 15 01 ex51 translate-names 0 Zin This is the name of the wilderness area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 02 k5za 0 from the end of the Salt Sea, from the bay that faces to the south "from the bay that faces south at the end of the Salt Sea." These two phrases refer to the same location. The second phrase clarifies the point at which the southern border begins.
JOS 15 02 j6xn 0 from the bay that faces to the south "from the bay that extends to the south" or "from the southern bay"
JOS 15 02 qj2g 0 bay smaller part of the sea that extends into the land
JOS 15 03 yar9 0 Their boundary "The border of the land belonging to the tribe of Judah"
JOS 15 03 kb99 translate-names 0 Akrabbim ... Zin ... Hezron ... Addar ... Karka These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 04 nzh3 translate-names 0 Azmon This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 04 d1b1 translate-names 0 brook of Egypt a small river of water at the southwestern edge of the land, near Egypt (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 05 xrg4 figs-metaphor 0 at the mouth of the Jordan The point at which the river empties into the sea is spoken of as if it were the mouth of the river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 15 05 bl5c 0 border ... ran "border ... was"
JOS 15 06 lbt5 translate-names 0 Beth Hoglah ... Beth Arabah These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 06 eqi7 translate-names 0 the Stone of Bohan This was likely a large stone that someone set up as a landmark and named after the man, Bohan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 07 n7k5 translate-names 0 Debir ... the Valley of Achor ... the hill of Adummim ... En Shemesh ... En Rogel These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 08 qa4u translate-names 0 the Valley of Ben Hinnom ... the Valley of Rephaim These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 09 hb3j translate-names 0 Nephtoah ... Mount Ephron ... Baalah ... Kiriath Jearim These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 10 h92v translate-names 0 Baalah ... Mount Seir ... Mount Jearim ... Kesalon ... Beth Shemesh ... Timnah These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 11 n6qt translate-names 0 Shikkeron ... Mount Baalah ... Jabneel These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 13 gx9f translate-names 0 Kiriath Arba These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 13 v154 translate-names 0 Arba ... Anak These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 14 jp1i figs-explicit 0 the three sons of Anak: Sheshai, Ahiman and Talmai, descendants of Anak These names represent clans of people who were descendants of Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai. The words "sons" and "descendants" in this context mean the same thing. Alternate translation: "the three clans, Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai, who were descendants of Anak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 15 14 q23k translate-names 0 Anak ... Sheshai ... Ahiman ... Talmai These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 15 n52j 0 He went up from there against "He went up from there to fight against"
JOS 15 15 k99v translate-names 0 Debir ... Kiriath Sepher These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 16 hs9c translate-names 0 Kiriath Sepher This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 16 z82q translate-names 0 Aksah This is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 17 kvc1 translate-names 0 Othniel ... Kenaz These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 18 d6qf figs-idiom 0 Aksah came to Othniel This is an idiom that refers to Aksah becoming Othniel's wife. Alternate translation: "when Aksah became Othniel's wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 15 18 ia6d figs-quotations 0 she urged him to ask her father for a field. This can be translated as direct speech. Alternate translation: "she urged him, 'Ask my father to give me a field.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
JOS 15 19 nun3 0 the upper springs and lower springs The words "upper" and "lower" likely refer to the geographical altitude of the water springs.
JOS 15 20 q76c figs-metaphor 0 This was the inheritance of the tribe of Judah The land that the tribe of Judah received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: "This was the land that the tribe of Judah received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 15 21 lgx2 translate-names 0 The writer lists the southern cities of which Judah took possession. The list continues through [Joshua 15:32](../15/32.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 25 p1i9 translate-names 0 The list of cities continues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 29 s9jl translate-names 0 The list of cities continues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 33 tn8z translate-names 0 General Information: The writer lists the northern cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 37 hw58 translate-names 0 The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 40 g4g9 translate-names 0 The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 42 zw9m translate-names 0 The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 45 y153 translate-names 0 The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 46 dfe2 0 settlements villages
JOS 15 47 hsx1 translate-names 0 brook of Egypt a small river of water at the southwestern edge of the land near Egypt (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 48 m88k translate-names 0 The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 52 tq94 translate-names 0 The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 55 x6gv translate-names 0 The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 58 vub1 translate-names 0 The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 60 ts23 translate-names 0 The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 15 63 j68z 0 to this day This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book.
JOS 16 intro bpv3 0 # Joshua 16 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Drive them out<br>The Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Ephraim, one of Joseph's sons. It will be difficult to fully understand their location without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the location of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
JOS 16 01 b1k9 figs-explicit 0 the tribe of Joseph The "tribe of Joseph" consisted of the tribes of Joseph's two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim. Since half of the tribe of Manasseh had settled east of the Jordan, this phrase refers to the tribe of Ephraim and the other half of the tribe of Manasseh. Alternate translation: "the tribe of Ephraim and the other half of the tribe of Manasseh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 16 02 g9td translate-names 0 Luz ... Ataroth These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 16 02 zs9f translate-names 0 Arkites This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 16 03 w8gi translate-names 0 Japhletites This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 16 03 id59 translate-names 0 Lower Beth Horon ... Gezer These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 16 04 u6fy 0 the tribes of Joseph, Manasseh and Ephraim "the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim, the sons of Joseph"
JOS 16 04 r4qw figs-metaphor 0 received their inheritance The land that the tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim possessed is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: "received this land as their inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 16 05 f2i9 figs-activepassive 0 The territory of the tribe of Ephraim, clan by clan This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The territory ... that Joshua assigned to their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 16 05 m6lu translate-names 0 Ataroth Addar ... Upper Beth Horon These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 16 06 vg46 translate-names 0 Mikmethath ... Taanath Shiloh ... Janoah These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 16 07 uyw7 translate-names 0 Janoah ... Naarah These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 16 08 at1t translate-names 0 Tappuah ... Kanah These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 16 08 mb6i figs-metaphor 0 This was the inheritance of the tribe of Ephraim The land that Ephraim possessed is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: "This was the land that the tribe of Ephraim received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 16 08 ke41 figs-activepassive 0 clan by clan This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "which Joshua assigned to their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 16 09 y6xs figs-activepassive 0 the cities that were chosen This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the cities that Joshua had chosen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 16 09 f1yc figs-metaphor 0 within the inheritance of the tribe of Manasseh The land that the tribe of Manasseh possessed is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: "within the land that the tribe of Manasseh had received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 16 10 au8e 0 to this day This refers to the period of time in which the author wrote this book.
JOS 16 10 fth4 figs-activepassive 0 these people were made to do forced labor This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the Israelites forced these people to work as slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 17 intro m3nk 0 # Joshua 17 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Manasseh's lack of faith<br>Even though they were one of the largest and most powerful tribes of Israel, the tribe of Manasseh lacked faith in the power of Yahweh. This caused them many problems. It would also cause their descendants many problems. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Manasseh, one of Joseph's sons. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
JOS 17 01 x1fd figs-rpronouns 0 firstborn and who himself was Here "himself" emphasizes that the same person—Makir—was the firstborn of Manasseh and was also the father of Gilead. Alternate translation: "firstborn; he was also" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JOS 17 01 j2sj translate-names 0 Makir These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 17 01 zuz5 figs-activepassive 0 Makir's descendants were assigned the land of Gilead and Bashan This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Joshua assigned the land of Gilead and Bashan to Makir's descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 17 02 al47 translate-names 0 Abiezer, Helek, Asriel, Shechem, Hepher, and Shemida These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 17 02 us2l figs-activepassive 0 Land was assigned ... given to their clans This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Joshua assigned land ... and gave them to their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 17 03 u2e9 translate-names 0 Zelophehad ... Hepher These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 17 03 k5z5 translate-names 0 Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milkah, and Tirzah These are women's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 17 04 x2q2 translate-names 0 Eleazar This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 17 04 q55m figs-metaphor 0 to give to us an inheritance The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the people received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: "to give to us some land as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 17 04 s6fd 0 he gave those women an inheritance Possible meanings are 1) "Joshua gave those women an inheritance" or 2) "Eleazar gave those women an inheritance."
JOS 17 05 d1c3 figs-activepassive 0 Ten parcels of land were assigned This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Joshua assigned ten parcels of land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 17 05 z7zr 0 Ten parcels "Ten portions"
JOS 17 06 d9gb figs-metaphor 0 received an inheritance The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: "received land as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 17 06 qbx1 figs-activepassive 0 The land of Gilead was assigned This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Joshua assigned the land of Gilead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 17 07 jln6 0 southward toward the south
JOS 17 07 dfe9 translate-names 0 Mikmethath ... Tappuah These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 17 09 k7gp 0 The border "The border of Manasseh's land"
JOS 17 09 l2af 0 brook a very small river
JOS 17 09 qvi8 translate-names 0 Kanah name of a brook (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 17 10 mi9b figs-activepassive 0 On the north side Asher can be reached Possible meanings are 1) that the border of Manasseh's land on the north side touched the land that belonged to the tribe of Asher or 2) that one can travel north to reach Asher. Alternate translation: "Asher was on the north side" or "One can travel north to reach Asher" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 17 10 fj36 figs-ellipsis 0 to the east, Issachar The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: "to the east, one can reach Issachar" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JOS 17 11 s1sn translate-names 0 Beth Shan ... Ibleam ... Dor ... Endor ... Taanach ... Megiddo ... Napheth These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 17 14 b4j6 figs-explicit 0 the descendants of Joseph This refers to the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 17 14 sk37 figs-rquestion 0 Why have you given us only one ... Yahweh has blessed us? The people of the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh ask this question to emphasize that Joshua should have assigned to them more land. Alternate translation: "You should have given us more than one ... Yahweh has blessed us." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOS 17 14 ju22 figs-doublet 0 one assignment of land and one portion for an inheritance These two phrases mean basically the same thing. In the second, the land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the people received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: "one assignment of land as our inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 17 14 dg92 0 portion part
JOS 17 14 p7z5 0 people great in number "many people"
JOS 17 15 d24l 0 If you are a people great in number "Since you are a people great in number"
JOS 17 15 psc4 translate-names 0 Rephaim This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 17 16 g788 translate-names 0 Beth Shan ... Jezreel These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 17 17 wa3y figs-metonymy 0 the house of Joseph Here the word "house" refers to the descendants. Alternate translation: "the descendants of Joseph" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 17 18 w4m4 0 you will clear it "you will clear the forest of trees" or "you will cut down its trees"
JOS 18 intro j38i 0 # Joshua 18 General Notes<br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribes of Israel. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
JOS 18 01 fkg2 figs-events 0 and they conquered the land They had conquered the people who lived in the land before they set up the tent of meeting. Alternate translation: "after they had conquered the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
JOS 18 02 ynk6 figs-metaphor 0 whose inheritance had not been assigned The land that the tribes would receive is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they would receive as a permanent possession. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "to whom Joshua had not assigned land as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 18 03 bia9 figs-rquestion 0 How long will you put off ... has given you? Joshua asks this question in order to encourage the Israelites to take possession of the land. Alternate translation: "For long enough, you have put off ... has given you." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOS 18 04 p7hg figs-idiom 0 the land up and down The words "up and down" mean in every direction. Alternate translation: "the land in every direction" or "throughout the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 18 04 zry7 0 write out a description of it with a view to their inheritances This means that they will describe the portions of land that each tribe would like to receive for an inheritance.
JOS 18 04 lh9w figs-metaphor 0 their inheritances The land that they are to survey is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that each of the tribes would receive as a permanent possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 18 05 e13l 0 General Information: Joshua is continuing his speech to the children of Israel.
JOS 18 05 dmy4 0 They will divide it "They will divide the land"
JOS 18 05 y5gn 0 Judah will remain "The tribe of Judah will remain"
JOS 18 05 d41l figs-metonymy 0 the house of Joseph Here the word "house" represents the descendants of Joseph. The phrase refers to the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. Alternate translation: "the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 18 07 v3qr 0 General Information: Joshua is continuing his speech to the children of Israel.
JOS 18 07 e6s8 0 no portion "no portion of land"
JOS 18 07 kus7 figs-metaphor 0 for the priesthood of Yahweh is their inheritance Joshua speaks of the great honor that the Levites have by serving Yahweh as priests as if it were something that they inherited. Alternate translation: "for the priesthood of Yahweh is what they have" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 18 07 eqg6 0 the half tribe of Manasseh "half of the tribe of Manasseh"
JOS 18 07 cyc8 figs-metaphor 0 have received their inheritance The land that the tribes received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: "have received land as their inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 18 08 t1cr 0 General Information: Joshua speaks to the twenty-one men who were to go look at the land.
JOS 18 08 p238 figs-idiom 0 up and down in the land The words "up and down" mean in every direction. See how you translated this in [Joshua 18:4](../18/04.md). Alternate translation: "in every direction in the land" or "throughout the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 18 10 pz3n figs-activepassive 0 to each was given his portion of the land This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "to each tribe Joshua gave their portion in the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 18 11 hd7v 0 between the descendants of Judah and the descendants of Joseph "between the land that belonged to the descendants of Judah and the land that belonged to the descendants of Joseph"
JOS 18 11 ib4f figs-explicit 0 the descendants of Joseph This refers to the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JOS 18 12 ij99 translate-names 0 Beth Aven This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 18 13 hx15 translate-names 0 Luz ... Ataroth Addar ... Beth Horon These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 18 14 h4e6 0 The boundary This refers to the same thing as "the border" in verse 13.
JOS 18 14 eq7x translate-names 0 Kiriath Baal ... Kiriath Jearim These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 18 15 ulq2 translate-names 0 Kiriath Jearim ... Ephron ... Nephtoah These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 18 16 br6t translate-names 0 Ben Hinnom ... Rephaim ... Hinnom ... En Rogel These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 18 17 d8dt translate-names 0 En Shemesh ... Geliloth ... Adummim These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 18 17 z2mh translate-names 0 the Stone of Bohan This was likely a large stone that someone set up as a landmark and named after the man, Bohan. See how you translated this in [Joshua 15:6](../15/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 18 18 g6td figs-metaphor 0 the shoulder of Beth Arabah Land that is in the form of a slope or ridge is spoken of as if it were a shoulder. Alternate translation: "the slope of Beth Arabah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 18 18 b98y translate-names 0 Beth Arabah This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 18 19 k48g figs-metaphor 0 the north shoulder of Beth Hoglah Land that is in the form of a slope or ridge is spoken of as if it were a shoulder. Alternate translation: "the north slope of Beth Hoglah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 18 19 xy3i translate-names 0 Beth Hoglah This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 18 20 ywb2 figs-metaphor 0 This was the inheritance of the tribe of Benjamin The land that the tribe of Benjamin received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: "This was the land that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 18 20 pe6e figs-activepassive 0 it was given clan by clan This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Joshua gave it to each of their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 18 21 i6af translate-names 0 General Information: The writer lists the cities that were in the land that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 18 24 jsu9 0 their villages "the villages around them"
JOS 18 25 nk7k translate-names 0 General Information: The writer continues to list the cities that were in the land that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 18 28 t3aa figs-metaphor 0 This was the inheritance of Benjamin The land and cities that the tribe of Benjamin received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: "This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Benjamin received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 19 intro j62l 0 # Joshua 19 General Notes<br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribes of Israel. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
JOS 19 01 s149 0 The second casting of lots fell to Simeon "The second time Joshua cast lots, the lot indicated the tribe of Simeon"
JOS 19 01 gl7x translate-ordinal 0 The second number two in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JOS 19 01 z9r9 0 clan by clan "and Joshua assigned the land to each of their clans"
JOS 19 01 u57y figs-metaphor 0 Their inheritance was in the middle of the inheritance that belonged to the tribe of Judah The land is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that the tribes received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: "The land that they received as an inheritance was in the middle of the land that the tribe of Judah received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 19 02 kg51 translate-names 0 General Information: The writer lists cities that were in the land that the tribe of Simeon received as an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 02 eu6h figs-metaphor 0 They had for their inheritance The land and cities that the tribe of Simeon received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: "They had the following cities for their inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 19 05 la4r translate-names 0 General Information: The writer continues to list the cities that were in the land that the tribe of Simeon received as an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 05 f4vb 0 Ziklag See how you translated the name of this city in [Joshua 15:31](../15/31.md).
JOS 19 08 uc1c figs-metaphor 0 This was the inheritance of the tribe of Simeon The land and cities that the tribe of Simeon received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: "This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Simeon received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 19 08 q586 figs-activepassive 0 clan by clan This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "which Joshua gave to their clans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 19 09 lep5 figs-activepassive 0 the portion of land assigned to the tribe of Judah This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the portion of land which Joshua assigned to the tribe of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 19 09 p2ji 0 the middle of their portion "the middle of Judah's portion of land"
JOS 19 10 f5gu 0 The third casting of lots See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
JOS 19 10 s2j1 translate-ordinal 0 The third number three in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JOS 19 10 vde5 translate-names 0 Sarid This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 11 v9gp translate-names 0 Maralah ... Dabbesheth ... Jokneam These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 11 gx7v 0 opposite Jokneam "across from Jokneam"
JOS 19 12 n9dc translate-names 0 Sarid ... Kisloth Tabor ... Daberath ... Japhia These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 13 dqd5 translate-names 0 Gath Hepher ... Eth Kazin ... Rimmon ... Neah These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 14 ja4s translate-names 0 Hannathon ... Iphtah El These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 15 xk4u translate-names 0 Kattath ... Nahalal ... Shimron ... Idalah ... Bethlehem These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 15 yn5n translate-names 0 Bethlehem This is not the same "Bethlehem" that is south of Jerusalem in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 16 a4ee figs-metaphor 0 This was the inheritance of the tribe of Zebulun The land and cities that the tribe of Zebulun received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: "This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Zebulun received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 19 17 fum5 0 The fourth casting of lots See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
JOS 19 17 l33x translate-ordinal 0 The fourth number four in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JOS 19 18 qmg4 translate-names 0 Chesulloth ... Shunem These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 19 c3ti translate-names 0 Hapharaim ... Shion ... Anaharath These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 20 mft4 translate-names 0 Rabbith ... Kishion ... Ebez These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 21 b1ex translate-names 0 Remeth ... En Gannim ... En Haddah ... Beth Pazzez These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 22 hs7i translate-names 0 Tabor This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 22 ht1e translate-names 0 Shahazumah This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 23 yll2 figs-metaphor 0 This was the inheritance of the tribe of Issachar The land and cities that the tribe of Issachar received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: "This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Issachar received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 19 24 lhr4 0 The fifth casting of lots See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
JOS 19 24 xa5a translate-ordinal 0 The fifth number five in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JOS 19 25 prg9 translate-names 0 Helkath, Hali, Beten, Akshaph These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 26 v6t4 translate-names 0 Allammelek, Amad, and Mishall ... Shihor Libnath These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 27 pbh2 translate-names 0 Beth Dagon ... Valley of Iphtah El ... Beth Emek ... Neiel ... Kabul These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 28 ht1l translate-names 0 Abdon ... Rehob ... Hammon ... Kanah These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 29 q8wz translate-names 0 Hosah ... Akzib These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 30 y1g5 translate-names 0 Ummah ... Aphek ... Rehob These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 31 x4aq figs-metaphor 0 This was the inheritance of the tribe of Asher The land and cities that the tribe of Asher received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: "This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Asher received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 19 32 jy7g 0 The sixth casting of lots See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
JOS 19 32 jjm6 translate-ordinal 0 The sixth number six in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JOS 19 33 syr4 translate-names 0 Heleph ... Zaanannim ... Adami Nekeb ... Jabneel ... Lakkum These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 34 lu5s translate-names 0 Aznoth Tabor ... Hukkok These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 35 h8p6 translate-names 0 Ziddim ... Zer ... Hammath ... Rakkath ... Kinnereth These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 35 lq51 0 Hammath This is not the same location as "Hamath," but is located on the west shore of the Sea of Galilee.
JOS 19 36 e379 translate-names 0 Adamah ... Ramah ... Hazor These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 37 vez5 translate-names 0 Kedesh ... Edrei ... En Hazor These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 38 jp9v translate-names 0 Yiron ... Migdal El ... Horem ... Beth Anath These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 39 s9en figs-metaphor 0 This was the inheritance of the tribe of Naphtali The land and cities that the tribe of Naphtali received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: "This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Naphtali received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 19 40 q3a2 0 The seventh casting of lots See how you translated this phrase in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
JOS 19 40 b1tt translate-ordinal 0 The seventh number seven in a list (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JOS 19 41 d7it figs-metaphor 0 The territory of its inheritance The land that the tribe of Dan received is spoken of as if it was an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: "The territory of land that the tribe of Dan received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 19 41 b8bg translate-names 0 Zorah, Eshtaol, Ir Shemesh These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 42 q637 translate-names 0 Shaalabbin, Aijalon, and Ithlah These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 43 sht1 translate-names 0 Elon, Timnah, Ekron These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 44 gca7 translate-names 0 Eltekeh, Gibbethon, Baalath These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 45 yan4 translate-names 0 Jehud, Bene Berak, Gath Rimmon These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 46 ddh6 translate-names 0 Me Jarkon ... Rakkon These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 46 w42c 0 across from Joppa "opposite Joppa" or "beside Joppa"
JOS 19 47 i8zh translate-names 0 Leshem This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 48 cx9h figs-metaphor 0 This was the inheritance of the tribe of Dan The land and cities that the tribe of Dan received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: "This was the land and the cities that the tribe of Dan received as an inheritance" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 19 49 jzi6 figs-metaphor 0 gave an inheritance among themselves to Joshua son of Nun The city that Joshua received is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that he received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: "gave a city within their own land as an inheritance to Joshua son of Nun" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 19 50 ac8r translate-names 0 Timnath Serah This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 19 51 cs47 figs-metaphor 0 These are the inheritances ... assigned The land and cities that the various tribes received are spoken of as if they were an inheritance that they received as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: "These are the portions of land and the cities ... assigned as inheritances" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 20 intro vg5f 0 # Joshua 20 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Cities of Refuge<br><br>If a person was killed, it was the duty of his relatives to kill the killer. If the death was an accident, this would be unfair. Therefore, God told the Israelites to make cities of refuge for a person who killed someone accidentally. In the city where he sought refuge, his case would be solved legally: "Do this so that one who unintentionally kills a person can go there. These cities will be a place of refuge from anyone who seeks to avenge the blood of a person who was killed." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/refuge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]])<br>
JOS 20 02 qhs6 figs-metonymy 0 by the hand of Moses Here "hand of Moses" refers to the scriptures that Moses wrote down. Alternate translation: "through the things that Moses wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 20 03 a1vg 0 unintentionally kills This happens when a person accidentally kills another person, without intending to do so.
JOS 20 03 h73b figs-metonymy 0 avenge the blood of a person who was killed Here the shed blood of a person represents their death. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "avenge a person's death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 20 04 u2dh 0 He will run Here the word "he" refers to the person who unintentionally killed someone.
JOS 20 04 p1sg 0 explain his case to the elders of that city "convince the elders of that city that he had not intentionally killed the person.
JOS 20 04 dhh4 0 Then they will take him The word "they" refers to the elders and "him" refers to the person who unintentionally killed someone.
JOS 20 04 k969 0 live among them This refers to the city as a whole, not to the elders only.
JOS 20 05 x945 figs-metonymy 0 avenge the blood of the person who was killed Here the shed blood of a person represents their death. This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Joshua 20:3](../20/03.md). Alternate translation: "avenge a person's death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 20 05 u27s 0 killed his neighbor unintentionally accidentally killed his neighbor
JOS 20 06 c6fe 0 stood before the assembly This is a phrase that describes standing to seek justice from a court of the assembly of his fellow citizens.
JOS 20 07 lyr5 translate-names 0 General Information: There are a lot of names in this section. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 20 08 cy8e 0 the Jordan This is a short name for the Jordan River.
JOS 20 09 b89x figs-idiom 0 would not die by the hand of the one Here "by the hand" is an idiom that means to be the specific cause of something. Alternate translation: "would not be killed by the one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 20 09 j61z figs-metonymy 0 avenge the blood that was shed This can be stated in active form. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Joshua 20:3](../20/03.md). Alternate translation: "avenge a person's death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 21 intro pp5c 0 # Joshua 21 General Notes<br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is about the land given to the tribe of Levi. Even though they did not receive a large piece of land like the other tribes, they did receive small pieces of land to live on and for their animals. It will be difficult to fully understand their locations without a map. Further research may be needed to understand the locations of their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
JOS 21 01 js4y translate-names 0 Eleazar ... Nun These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 02 wk1t 0 They said to them "The Levites said to them"
JOS 21 02 wk1m figs-idiom 0 Yahweh commanded you by the hand of Moses The phrase "by the hand of" is an idiom that means that Yahweh used Moses to deliver his command. Alternate translation: "Yahweh told Moses to command you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 21 03 f9ei 0 following cities This refers to the cities to be listed in the next verses.
JOS 21 04 r4ry 0 casting of lots A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader's will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
JOS 21 04 fl2y translate-names 0 Kohathites This priests in this group were descendants of Levi's son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath's grandson. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 05 iwh3 0 half tribe Half the tribe because the other half received their inheritance before crossing the Jordan River.
JOS 21 06 bk5g translate-names 0 Gershon Gershon was one of the sons of Levi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 06 ezu2 0 casting of lots A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader's will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
JOS 21 07 cg61 translate-names 0 Merari Merari was one of the sons of Levi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 08 qe5y figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh had commanded by the hand of Moses The phrase "by the hand of" here means that Yahweh used Moses as the agent to deliver his command. Alternate translation: "Yahweh had told Moses to command" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 21 10 t6l2 translate-names 0 clans of the Kohathites The priests in this group were descendants of Levi's son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath's grandson. See how you translated this in [Joshua 21:2](../21/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 10 tnp1 0 casting of lots A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader's will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
JOS 21 11 vkd2 writing-background 0 Arba had been the father of Anak This is background information about the name of the man who founded the city of Kiriath Arba. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JOS 21 11 mn2g translate-names 0 Anak This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 11 vd7d 0 hill country An area of land with natural elevations, smaller than mountains.
JOS 21 11 kwe7 0 pasturelands An area covered with grass or plants suitable for the grazing of livestock or cattle.
JOS 21 12 aj9s 0 fields of the city Areas of open land, usually, planted with crops, belonging to and surrounding the city.
JOS 21 12 uz84 0 villages Small communities, usually smaller than a town.
JOS 21 13 p1nr translate-names 0 Libnah This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 14 q8gl translate-names 0 Jattir ... Eshtemoa These are all names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 15 cb4t translate-names 0 Holon ... Debir These are all names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 16 bx8i translate-names 0 Ain ... Juttah These are all names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 17 e8r4 figs-activepassive 0 From the tribe of Benjamin were given Gibeon This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The tribe of Benjamin gave Gibeon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 21 17 fd6z translate-names 0 Geba This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 18 sk7n translate-names 0 Anathoth ... Almon These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 20 lfp9 translate-names 0 the Kohathite clans The priests in this group were descendants of Levi's son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath's grandson. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 20 x8eu figs-activepassive 0 they had cities given to them This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they received cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 21 20 tg75 0 casting of lots A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader's will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
JOS 21 21 kz7k translate-names 0 Gezer This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 22 tv2m translate-names 0 Kibzaim ... Beth Horon names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 22 r4hl translate-numbers 0 four cities in all This refers to the list by the total number. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 21 23 dw9x figs-activepassive 0 From the tribe of Dan, the clan of Kohath was given Eltekeh This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The tribe of Dan gave to the clan of Kohath Eltekeh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 21 23 p4cx translate-names 0 the clan of Kohath The priests in this group were descendants of Levi's son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath's grandson. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Joshua 21:20](../21/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 23 r7qr translate-names 0 Eltekeh ... Gibbethon These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 24 g45w translate-names 0 Aijalon ... Gath Rimmon These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 24 g4ma translate-numbers 0 four cities This refers to the number of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 21 25 e6cl figs-activepassive 0 From the half tribe of Manasseh, the clan of Kohath was given Taanach This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The half tribe of Manasseh gave to the clan of Kohath Taanach" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 21 25 yn8h translate-names 0 Taanach ... Gath Rimmon These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 25 acv2 translate-names 0 clan of Kohath The priests in this group were descendants of Levi's son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath's grandson. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 26 hn9j translate-names 0 clans of the Kohathites The priests in this group were descendants of Levi's son Kohath. A portion of them were also descendants of Aaron, Kohath's grandson. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 27 ws1t figs-activepassive 0 From the half tribe of Manasseh, to clans of Gershon, these were other Levite clans, and they gave Golan This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The half tribe of Manasseh, other Levite clans, received from the half tribe of Manasseh Golan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 21 27 knk6 translate-names 0 Golan ... Be Eshterah names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 27 bmc9 0 killed another unintentionally This refers to a death resulting from an action not intended to harm a person.
JOS 21 27 a1zs translate-numbers 0 two cities number of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 21 28 mnd6 figs-activepassive 0 To the clans of Gershon they also gave Kishion This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The clans of Gershon also received Kishion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 21 28 r9hc translate-names 0 Kishion ... Daberath names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 29 u8z9 translate-names 0 Jarmuth ... En Gannim names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 30 rbf6 figs-activepassive 0 From the tribe of Asher, they gave Mishal This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "They received from the tribe of Asher Mishal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 21 30 px1s translate-names 0 Mishal ... Abdon names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 31 ziw8 translate-names 0 Helkath ... Rehob names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 32 d2vi figs-activepassive 0 From the tribe of Naphtali, they gave the clans of Gershon Kedesh This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The clans of Gershon received from the tribe of Naphtali Kedesh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 21 32 am3t translate-names 0 Gershon This is the name of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 32 h2j8 translate-names 0 Hammoth Dor ... Kartan These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 33 c7dt translate-numbers 0 thirteen cities in all "13 cities in total" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 21 34 yuv3 figs-activepassive 0 To the rest of the Levites—the clans of Merari—were given out of the tribe of Zebulun: Jokneam This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: The rest of the Levites—the clans of Merari—received from the tribe of Zebulun Jokneam" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 21 34 ws8g translate-names 0 Merari This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 34 ng32 translate-names 0 Jokneam ... Kartah These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 35 ek4f translate-names 0 Dimnah ... Nahalal names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 36 k56r figs-activepassive 0 To the clans of Merari were given from the tribe of Reuben: Bezer This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The clans of Merari received from the tribe of Reuben Bezer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 21 36 dh5c translate-names 0 Bezer ... Jahaz names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 37 jbp6 translate-numbers 0 four cities This refers to the total number of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 21 37 e538 translate-names 0 Kedemoth ... Mephaath names of cities (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 38 dc79 figs-activepassive 0 Out of the tribe of Gad they were given Ramoth This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "They received from the tribe of Gad Ramoth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 21 38 r7m5 translate-names 0 Ramoth ... Mahanaim These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 39 qf5v figs-activepassive 0 The clans of Merari were also given Heshbon This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The clans of Merari also received Heshbon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 21 39 a2l1 translate-names 0 Heshbon ... Jazer These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 21 40 x17x translate-numbers 0 twelve cities in all "12 cities in total" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 21 40 q83e figs-activepassive 0 twelve cities in all were given to them by the casting of lots This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they received these twelve cities by the casting of lots" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 21 40 at28 0 casting of lots A random method of choosing to remove the choice from the leader's will, often done with the idea that God will decide the outcome. See how you translated this in [Joshua 19:1](../19/01.md).
JOS 21 41 g7z1 figs-activepassive 0 The cities of the Levites taken from the middle of the land This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The Levites received their cities from the middle of the land" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JOS 21 44 t1a4 figs-litotes 0 Not one of their enemies could defeat them This is stated in a negative way to strengthen the statement. Alternate translation: "They defeated every one of their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JOS 21 44 lg6d figs-metonymy 0 gave all their enemies into their hand Here "into their hand" means "into their power." Alternate translation: "gave them power to defeat all their enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 21 45 u1ik figs-litotes 0 Not one thing among all the good promises that Yahweh had spoken to the house of Israel failed to come true This is stated in a negative way to strengthen the statement. Alternate translation: "Every one of the good promises that Yahweh had spoken to the house of Israel came true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JOS 22 intro l4hr 0 # Joshua 22 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>The division of the land is completed in this chapter. Additionally, the soldiers who received land on the east side of the Jordan River were released to go home.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### The tribes east of the Jordan River build a monument<br><br>The tribes east of the Jordan River said, "Let us now build an altar, not for burnt offerings nor for any sacrifices, but to be a witness between us and you, and between our generations after us, that we will perform the service of Yahweh before him, with our burnt offerings and with our sacrifices and with our peace offerings, so that your children will never say to our children in time to come, 'You have no share in Yahweh.'" They went home even though the Israelites had not fully conquered the land.<br>
JOS 22 01 ic3e translate-names 0 Reubenites people of the tribe of Reuben (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 22 01 w3xd translate-names 0 Gadites people of the tribe of Gad (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 22 02 x8l8 figs-metonymy 0 obeyed my voice Here "my voice" refers to the things that Joshua had said. Alternate translation: "obeyed everything I said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 22 03 a89l figs-litotes 0 You have not deserted your brothers This can be stated in a positive way. Alternate translation: "You have remained with your brothers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JOS 22 05 zh9u figs-metaphor 0 to walk in all his ways A person obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if he were walking on Yahweh's ways or roads. Alternate translation: "to obey everything he says" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 22 05 r5dh figs-synecdoche 0 with all your heart and with all your soul The terms "heart" and "soul" are here used together to refer to the entire person. Alternate translation: "with all you think and feel" or "with your entire being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JOS 22 07 k89d 0 the Jordan This was a short name for the Jordan River.
JOS 22 08 w4re 0 iron a strong, hard, magnetic metal
JOS 22 08 k79c 0 plunder The winning army would take everything of value from the people they conquered.
JOS 22 09 cmc4 figs-idiom 0 the commandment of Yahweh, by the hand of Moses The phrase "by the hand of" is an idiom that means that Yahweh used Moses to deliver his command. Alternate translation: "the commandment that Yahweh told Moses to give to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 22 10 iy3p 0 the Jordan This was a short name for the Jordan River.
JOS 22 11 ww1z figs-metaphor 0 at the front of the land of Canaan The Israelite tribes who lived across the Jordan River would enter Canaan at the place where they built the altar. This place is spoken of as if it was the "front" or "entrance" to Canaan where the other tribes lived. Alternate translation: "at the entrance to the land of Canaan" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 22 11 yqa5 translate-names 0 Geliloth This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 22 12 v3q5 0 war a state of armed conflict between two nations or people groups
JOS 22 13 t232 translate-names 0 Eleazar name of man (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 22 16 sy2y 0 The whole assembly of Yahweh says this All the people of Israel are spoken of together in the singular as if they were one person. Alternate translation: "All the other Israelites are asking"
JOS 22 17 lcv2 figs-rquestion 0 Was our sin at Peor not enough for us? This question emphasizes how serious their previous sin was. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "We had already sinned terribly at Peor!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOS 22 17 b18v translate-names 0 Peor This is name of a place. Translate the same way as in [Joshua 13:20](../13/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 22 17 ie2t figs-litotes 0 we have not even now cleansed ourselves from it This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "we are still dealing with the guilt of that sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JOS 22 18 b5xk figs-rquestion 0 Must you also turn away from following Yahweh at this present day? This question is used to rebuke the people for their sin. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "You must not turn away from following Yahweh today!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOS 22 20 kyw7 translate-names 0 Achan ... Zerah names of men (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 22 20 v3qy figs-rquestion 0 Did not Achan son of Zerah break faith in the matter of those things that had been reserved for God? Did not wrath fall on all the people of Israel? These questions are used to remind the people of the punishment for past sins. These questions can be written as statements. Alternate translation: "Achan son of Zerah sinned by taking things that had been reserved for God. And because of that God punished all the people of Israel!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOS 22 22 x5pm figs-hypo 0 If it was in rebellion ... on this day The three tribes are making a hypothetical statement that they insist is not true. They did not build the altar in rebellion or breach of faith. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOS 22 23 sku4 figs-hypo 0 If we built ... let Yahweh make us pay for it The three tribes are making a hypothetical statement that they insist is not true. They did not build the altar to worship another god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOS 22 24 cei9 0 General Information: The tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh now give their answer.
JOS 22 24 xpn5 figs-hypo 0 your children might say to our children ... God of Israel? This is a hypothetical accusation that the three tribes think the children of the other tribes may make sometime in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOS 22 24 qr6z figs-rquestion 0 What have you to do with Yahweh, the God of Israel? The three tribes use this rhetorical question to emphasize the situation they are trying to avoid. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "You have nothing to do with Yahweh, the God of Israel!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JOS 22 25 qfc4 0 General Information: The tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh continue their answer.
JOS 22 25 w2sv figs-hypo 0 For Yahweh has made the Jordan ... nothing to do with Yahweh This is the continuation of the hypothetical accusation that the three tribes think the children of the other tribes may make sometime in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOS 22 25 w3az 0 the Jordan This is a short name for the Jordan River.
JOS 22 25 iy97 figs-hypo 0 So your children might make our children cease to worship Yahweh The three tribes built the altar to avoid this hypothetical situation from happening in the future. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOS 22 26 ueg6 0 General Information: The tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh now give their answer.
JOS 22 27 m97u figs-metaphor 0 to be a witness between us and you The altar is spoken of as if it were a witness that could testify to the rights of the three tribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 22 27 gs6k figs-hypo 0 so that your children will never say to our children in time to come, "You have no share in Yahweh." This is the hypothetical situation that the three tribes did not want to happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOS 22 27 n3i9 0 no share "no portion" or "no inheritance"
JOS 22 28 bf3h 0 General Information: The tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh now finish their answer.
JOS 22 28 kuu5 figs-hypo 0 If this should be said ... a witness between us and you." The three tribes are describing their potential answer to an accusation that might or might not be made at a future time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
JOS 22 29 b4w1 figs-idiom 0 May it be far from us that we should rebel The unlikely chance that they would rebel is spoken of as if it is something that is a great distance away from them. Alternate translation: "We would certainly not rebel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 22 29 i8y4 figs-metaphor 0 turn away from following him To stop following Yahweh is spoken of as if they were turning away from him. Alternate translation: "stop following him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 22 30 ysf8 0 heard the words "heard the message"
JOS 22 30 i3xp figs-idiom 0 was good in their eyes Here "in their eyes" means "in their opinion." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 22 31 ab6h 0 committed this breach of faith against him "broken your promise to him"
JOS 22 31 w1fn figs-metonymy 0 you have rescued the people of Israel out of the hand of Yahweh Here "the hand of Yahweh" refers to his punishment. Protecting the people is spoken of as rescuing them from his hand. Alternate translation: "you have kept Yahweh from punishing us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 22 33 pn48 figs-idiom 0 Their report was good in the eyes of the people Here "good in the eyes" means "accepted." Alternate translation: "The people accepted the report of the leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 22 33 h5hk 0 destroy the land "destroy everything in the land"
JOS 22 34 l8f9 0 for they said This refers to the Reubenites and Gadites.
JOS 22 34 xf56 figs-metaphor 0 It is a witness between us The altar is spoken of as if it were a witness that could testify for the three tribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 23 intro v3r6 0 # Joshua 23 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Joshua's final words to Israel (Joshua 23-24)<br><br>"Do not marry with the heathen people but drive them out." ##### Drive them out<br>The Israelites were to completely drive out the Canaanites. If they did not drive them out completely, the Canaanites would cause the Israelites to worship other gods. It was sinful to allow the Canaanites to remain in the land because if the Israelites married the Canaanites, the Canaanites would cause them to worship other gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br>
JOS 23 02 vyz9 figs-doublet 0 old and well advanced in years This doublet can be translated as "very old." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOS 23 04 t22f 0 the Jordan This is a short name for the Jordan River.
JOS 23 04 bf99 0 in the west This indicates the direction of the setting sun.
JOS 23 06 w84i figs-metaphor 0 turning aside from it neither to the right hand nor to the left Disobeying the commands of the law of Moses is spoken of as turning to the right or to the left away from a path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 23 07 mc72 0 you may not mix Possible meanings are 1) having close friendship with them or 2) intermarrying with them.
JOS 23 07 vkw6 0 mention to speak of
JOS 23 07 wbj7 0 their gods This refers to the gods of the remaining nations.
JOS 23 08 k6my figs-metaphor 0 cling to Yahweh "hold tightly to Yahweh." Believing in Yahweh is spoken of as if they were holding tightly onto him. Alternate translation: "continue to believe in Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 23 08 q6qx 0 to this day "until the present time"
JOS 23 09 wf3v figs-metonymy 0 to stand before you Here "stand" represents holding ground in a battle. The word "you" refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 23 10 iar1 0 single only one
JOS 23 10 lx1z translate-numbers 0 a thousand "1,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 23 12 i2mf figs-metaphor 0 cling to the survivors of these nations Accepting the beliefs of these nations is spoken of as holding tightly to them. Alternate translation: "accept the beliefs of the survivors of these nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 23 13 pdx3 figs-doublet 0 a snare and a trap The words "snare" and "trap" mean basically the same thing. Together they speak of the other nations as if they were a deadly trap that will cause trouble for Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 23 13 ut82 figs-metaphor 0 whips on your backs and thorns in your eyes These phrases speak of the troubles these nations will cause Israel as if they were as painful as whips and thorns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 23 14 ba62 figs-euphemism 0 I am going the way of all the earth Joshua uses a polite term to refer to his death. Alternate translation: "I am going to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JOS 23 14 x3c7 figs-doublet 0 know with all your hearts and souls Here the words "hearts" and "souls" have similar meanings. Together they emphasize deep personal knowledge. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JOS 23 14 vtt2 figs-doublenegatives 0 not one word has failed to come true These words emphasize that Yahweh's promises have all occurred. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: "every word has come true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS 23 16 bqx7 0 He will do this This refers to the punishment threatened in the previous verse.
JOS 23 16 xwa3 figs-parallelism 0 worship other gods and bow down to them These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second describes how the people "worship other gods." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
JOS 23 16 wz7d figs-metaphor 0 the anger of Yahweh will be kindled against you "Kindled" here is a metaphor for the beginning of Yahweh's anger, like a fire is "kindled" or started with "kindling" or very easy to start burning like dried grass or small twigs. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will begin to be angry with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 24 intro yqa8 0 # Joshua 24 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Joshua's instructions<br>In this chapter, Joshua gives the leaders and people instructions in preparation for his death. It was common in the Ancient Near East for important leaders to do this. Unfortunately, the people of Israel did not listen to Joshua's instructions.<br>
JOS 24 01 e4nq figs-metaphor 0 Joshua gathered all the tribes of Israel Joshua's summons to the tribes is spoken of as if he gathered them together in a basket. Alternate translation: "Joshua asked all the tribes of Israel to meet with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 24 01 c7pt 0 presented themselves before "came and stood in front of" or "came before"
JOS 24 02 tn5x 0 long ago "many years ago"
JOS 24 02 y8s6 0 This is what Joshua begins to quote what Yahweh had said previously. The quotation continues until the end of verse 13.
JOS 24 02 uke1 translate-names 0 Terah ... Nahor These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 24 03 h2vy 0 General Information: Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
JOS 24 04 z8e8 translate-names 0 Seir This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 24 04 azj7 0 went down Egypt was lower in elevation that the land of Canaan. Alternate translation: "traveled"
JOS 24 05 hrk4 0 General Information: Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
JOS 24 05 shc6 figs-you 0 brought you out The word "you" is plural and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 24 06 uxu8 figs-you 0 brought your ancestors out The word "your" is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 24 07 w52l 0 General Information: Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
JOS 24 07 t8kg figs-you 0 your ancestors ... you Yahweh continually alternates between these two phrases, which both refer to all the Israelites, past and present. The word "you" is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 24 07 rv8q 0 the sea This refers to the Sea of Reeds.
JOS 24 07 gqs1 0 in the wilderness an uninhabited area, a desert
JOS 24 08 jpf2 0 General Information: Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
JOS 24 08 xwk4 figs-you 0 you The word "you" is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 24 08 ew9g 0 the Jordan This is a short name for the Jordan River.
JOS 24 08 wu3t figs-metonymy 0 gave them into your hand Here "hand" refers to power. Alternate translation: "enabled you to conquer them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 24 09 wi7h 0 General Information: Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
JOS 24 09 l9gd figs-you 0 you The word "you" is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 24 10 jr3f figs-metonymy 0 rescued you out of his hand Here "hand" refers to power. Alternate translation: "enabled you to overcome him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 24 11 wlg7 0 General Information: Joshua continues quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
JOS 24 11 b324 figs-you 0 You The word "you" is plural throughout this speech and refers to the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 24 11 jx4u 0 the Jordan This is a short name for the Jordan River.
JOS 24 12 d1wr 0 the hornet A small fast flying stinging insect that lives in colonies. Here, many "hornets" are spoken of as only one.
JOS 24 13 qv5z 0 General Information: Joshua finishes quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people.
JOS 24 15 gei6 figs-metaphor 0 If it seems wrong in your eyes The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or desire. Alternate translation: "If you do not want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 24 15 bff7 figs-metonymy 0 my house This represents his family that lives in his house. Alternate translation: "my family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 24 17 uf71 figs-pronouns 0 us and our ancestors ... we The people speak as if they were present with their ancestors, and interchange the words "us" and "we" with "our ancestors." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
JOS 24 17 n1g2 figs-idiom 0 house of slavery Here "house" is an idiom that refers to the location of their slavery. Alternate translation: "place where we were slaves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 24 17 v2lc 0 nations through whom we passed "nations that we passed through"
JOS 24 19 in4p 0 people This refers to the Israelites.
JOS 24 19 di8z 0 he is a jealous God God wants his people to worship only him.
JOS 24 20 l4yi figs-metaphor 0 He will consume you Yahweh's anger is spoken of as if he was a fire that would destroy them. Alternate translation: "He will destroy you as with fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 24 21 mt8s 0 people This refers to the Israelites.
JOS 24 23 h48g figs-metaphor 0 turn your heart to Yahweh Deciding to obey Yahweh only is spoken of as turning their heart towards him. Here "heart" represents the whole person. In this case, "heart" is plural because it refers to all the Israelites as a single group. However, it may be best to translate it in the plural since "your" is plural. Alternate translation: "turn yourselves to Yahweh" or "decide to obey Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JOS 24 24 ut8c 0 people This refers to the Israelites.
JOS 24 24 yq9g figs-metonymy 0 We will listen to his voice Here "listen" means to obey. Alternate translation: "We will obey everything he tells us to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JOS 24 25 g8by figs-metaphor 0 He put in place decrees and laws Establishing laws is spoken of as if Joshua physically set them in place like monuments. Alternate translation: "He established decrees and laws" or "He gave them laws and decrees to obey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JOS 24 26 n7ac 0 the Book of the law of God This appears to be a continuation of the writings of Moses.
JOS 24 26 ct9g 0 set it up there "placed it there"
JOS 24 27 u7ad 0 people This refers to the Israelites.
JOS 24 27 mkt9 figs-personification 0 this stone will be a testimony ... It has heard all the words The stone that Joshua set up is spoken of as if it were a person who heard what was spoken and would be able to testify about what was said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JOS 24 27 h23i 0 should you ever "if you ever"
JOS 24 29 e9uy translate-numbers 0 110 years old "one hundred and ten years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 24 30 iyt3 translate-names 0 Timnath Serah ... Mount Gaash names of places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 24 31 gf2q figs-idiom 0 all of Joshua's days This is an idiom that refers to Joshua's entire life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JOS 24 31 r7xz 0 outlived Joshua "lived longer than Joshua"
JOS 24 32 a3ik 0 The bones of Joseph ... they buried them at Shechem, It may be helpful to change the order of the beginning of this sentence. Alternate translation: "The people of Israel brought the bones of Joseph up out of Egypt and buried them at Shechem"
JOS 24 32 ve2g translate-numbers 0 one hundred pieces "100 pieces" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JOS 24 33 ur16 translate-names 0 Eleazar This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JOS 24 33 rv7j translate-names 0 Gibeah This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
See in Reader
