Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
PRO	front	intro	spe4			0		# Introduction to Proverbs<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of Proverbs<br><br>1. Solomon introduces his proverbs (1:1–7)<br>1. Collection of teachings (1:8–9:18)<br>1. Proverbs of Solomon (10:1–22:16)<br>1. Words of wise men (22:17–24:22)<br>1. More words of wise men (24:23–34)<br>1. More proverbs of Solomon (25:1–29:27)<br>1. The words of Agur (30:1–33)<br>1. The words of Lemuel (31:1–9)<br>1. A good wife praised (31:10–31)<br><br>### What is the book of Proverbs about?<br><br>A proverb is a short statement that expresses some wisdom or truth. Most societies have their own proverbs. People that speak a given language can readily understand proverbs in that language.<br><br>The Book of Proverbs is a collection of proverbs. It also includes teachings about how to live wisely. Scholars refer to Proverbs, Psalms, Job, Ecclesiastes, and the Song of Songs as wisdom literature. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>The title of this book is often translated as “Proverbs.” A more general translation would be “Words for Wise People,” “Words that Give Wisdom,” or something similar.<br><br>### Who wrote the book of Proverbs?<br><br>Proverbs begins with the words, “The Proverbs of Solomon, son of David and King of Israel.” But Solomon did not write all of the proverbs. Unnamed wise men may have written some of them. Agur the son of Jakeh (30:1) and King Lemuel (31:1) identify themselves as writing some of the proverbs.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What is meant by “wisdom” and “foolishness” in the Book of Proverbs?<br><br>“Wisdom” means the understanding and doing of what is true and morally right. A wise person understands and does what Yahweh would judge to be right. Anyone living in this way will also learn to live well with other people and to make good practical decisions in life. The book of Proverbs also acknowledges that it is important to maintain one’s honor or reputation in the opinion of other people. Those who fail to live in this way are called “foolish.” For this reason, it is possible for a person to be very intelligent and still be foolish. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]])<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### What form do the individual proverbs have?<br><br>Most proverbs have two parts or two lines that are “parallel” to each other. The second part may strengthen the first, may give more details about the first, or may even say what seems the opposite of the first. Translators should take into account that each proverb is also part of a larger group of proverbs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])<br><br>### How should personification be represented in translation?<br><br>In Proverbs, certain qualities such as wisdom and understanding are often represented as if they were wise women, as in [Proverbs 3:15-18](../03/15.md), [Proverbs 4:6-9](../04/06.md), and elsewhere. In languages where it is possible for a woman figure to represent these qualities, the translator should translate in this way. However, in many languages this kind of direct translation is not possible. In such a case, the translator may be able to translate these personifications as similes instead. This means they would present wisdom or understanding as being like a wise woman whom people should obey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	1	intro	y4et			0		# Proverbs 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The first chapter of proverbs begins with a type of introduction in verses 1-7. It mentions Solomon, son of David. Verse 7 contains a foundational verse for the whole book. It defines wisdom.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Parallelism<br><br>Proverbs are often written without any surrounding context and in two lines of text. Each line will have a certain relationship to the other line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO	1	1	q6pn	writing-poetry		0	General Information:	Verses 2-33 are poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
PRO	1	2	iaq1	figs-abstractnouns		0	to teach wisdom and instruction	This can be reworded so that the abstract nouns “wisdom” and “instruction” can be stated as adjectives or verbs. Alternate translation: “to teach you how to be wise and to instruct you about how to live moral lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	1	2	rs3p			0	to teach words of insight	“to help you understand wise teachings”
PRO	1	3	ew1z	figs-you		0	that you may receive	Here “you” refers to the readers. If it is more natural in your language you can state it as an inclusive “we.” Alternate translation: “that we may receive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
PRO	1	3	aun5	figs-abstractnouns		0	may receive instruction in order to live	This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “instruction” is stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “may be instructed how to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	1	4	be4c	figs-abstractnouns		0	are also to give wisdom to the naive	This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “wisdom” can be stated as the adjective “wise.” This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “also teach to those who are naive how to be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	1	4	j62d			0	naive	inexperienced or immature
PRO	1	4	p2ca	figs-abstractnouns		0	to give knowledge and discretion to young people	The abstract nouns “knowledge” and “discretion” can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: “and to teach to young people what they need to know and how to discern the right thing to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	1	4	wxv5			0	discretion	knowing what should be done in a particular situation
PRO	1	5	lrm2			0	Let wise people listen and increase their learning	“Let those who are wise pay attention and learn even more”
PRO	1	5	r7sn			0	let discerning people get guidance	“let people who have understanding learn from these proverbs how to make good decisions”
PRO	1	6	rcl9			0	riddles	sayings that one can understand only after thinking about them
PRO	1	7	r9nd			0	General Information:	A father teaches his child.
PRO	1	7	ga71			0	Yahweh	This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
PRO	1	7	l9za			0	fools despise wisdom and instruction	“those who do not value what is wise and instructive are fools”
PRO	1	8	p2x9	figs-idiom		0	do not lay aside	This is an idiom that means “do not ignore” or “do not reject” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	1	9	qxp8	figs-metaphor		0	they will be a graceful wreath for your head and pendants hanging from your neck	The rules and instructions that parents teach their children are so valuable and important that they are spoken of as if they were a beautiful wreath or pendant that a person wears. Alternate translation: “they will make you wise just as wearing a wreath on your head or a pendant around your neck makes you beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	1	9	h55y			0	wreath	an woven circle made of leaves or flowers
PRO	1	9	l3ql			0	pendants	jewelry that is worn around the neck
PRO	1	10	y9bt			0	try to entice you into their sin	“try to persuade you to sin as they do”
PRO	1	10	e1wu			0	refuse to follow them	“refuse them” or “do not listen to them”
PRO	1	11	f89h	figs-hypo		0	If they say	Here the speaker gives an example of what sinners may try to entice someone to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
PRO	1	11	nvn9			0	lie in wait	“hide and wait for the right time”
PRO	1	12	b8bq			0	General Information:	Verses 12-14 end the imagined statement of the sinners who are trying to entice others to sin.
PRO	1	12	w4w6	figs-metaphor		0	Let us swallow them up alive, like Sheol takes away those who are healthy	The sinners speak of murdering innocent people as if they were Sheol and they would take a living and healthy person down to the place where dead people go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	1	12	jg5z	figs-personification		0	Let us swallow … like Sheol takes away	This speaks of the grave as if it were a person that swallows humans and takes them down to the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	1	12	kea4			0	like Sheol takes away those who are healthy	The wicked expect to destroy their victims in the same way Sheol, the place of the dead, takes away even healthy people.
PRO	1	12	ayt4			0	make them like those who fall into the pit	This could mean: (1) this refers to travelers who fall into a deep hole where no one will ever find them or (2) here “pit” is another word that means Sheol or the place where dead people go.
PRO	1	14	x2p6	figs-idiom		0	Throw in your lot with us	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Join us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	1	14	l56r	figs-metonymy		0	we will all have one purse together	Here “purse” represents everything that they steal. Alternate translation: “we will equally share everything that we steal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	1	14	ci4y			0	purse	a bag for carrying money
PRO	1	15	t25u	figs-metaphor		0	do not walk down that road with them; do not let your foot touch where they walk	To avoid behaving the same way as the sinners do is spoken of as if the son were to avoid walking on or even touching the roads that sinners walk on. Alternate translation: “do not go with the sinners or do what they do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	1	16	vap2	figs-metaphor		0	their feet run to evil	The sinners having an eager interest in doing evil things is spoken of as if they were running to evil. Alternate translation: “they are eager to do wicked things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	1	16	v6fc	figs-synecdoche		0	their feet run	Here “feet” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “they run” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	1	16	m7ui	figs-metonymy		0	to shed blood	Here “blood” represents a person’s life. To “shed blood” means to murder someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	1	17	g5jd	figs-metaphor		0	For it is useless to spread the net in the sight of any bird	This metaphor compares the wisdom of birds who avoid traps that they see to the foolishness of sinners who get caught in traps they make for themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	1	18	ulr3	figs-metaphor		0	These men lie in wait for their own blood—they set an ambush for their own lives	This finishes the comparison started in [Proverbs 1:17](../01/17.md). The men destroying themselves by doing sinful things is spoken of as if they set a trap and kill themselves. Alternate translation: “But these men are more foolish than the birds. They kill themselves with their own traps” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	1	18	b16m	figs-metaphor		0	These men lie in wait for their own blood	To lie in wait is to hide, ready to do something wicked. Alternate translation: “It is as if they are looking for an opportunity to kill themselves” or “They themselves will be killed because they try to kill others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	1	18	vs5n	figs-metonymy		0	their own blood	Here “blood” is a metonym for a violent death. Alternate translation: “to kill themselves violently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	1	18	rih3	figs-metonymy		0	they set an ambush for their own lives	Here “their own lives” is a metonym for themselves. Alternate translation: “it is as if they are the ones who are waiting to suddenly attack and kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	1	19	fz7s	figs-metaphor		0	So are the ways of everyone	A person’s fate or destiny is spoken of as if it were a road a person walks on. Alternate translation: “This is what happens to everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	1	19	su23	figs-metaphor		0	unjust gain takes away the lives of those who hold on to it	A person destroying themselves by trying to gain wealth through violence, theft, and deceit is spoken of as if the unjust gains will kill those who take it. Alternate translation: “it is like the unjust gains will destroy those who hold on to it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	1	20	xza5	figs-personification		0	General Information:	In 1:20-1:33 Wisdom is spoken of as if it were a woman speaking to the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	1	20	pj5i	figs-personification		0	Wisdom cries aloud	If your language does not allow you to treat wisdom as a woman shouting to the people in the city, you might try something like “Grandmother Wisdom cries aloud” or “Honored Miss Wisdom cries aloud” or “Wisdom is like a woman who cries aloud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	1	20	u7zc	figs-idiom		0	raises her voice	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “speaks with a loud voice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	1	20	pj5v	figs-explicit		0	in the open places	This means places where there would be a lot of people. Alternate translation: “in the markets” or “in the town squares” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	1	21	ggk1			0	at the head of the noisy streets	This could mean: (1) “head” refers to the place where busy streets intersect or (2) “head” refers to the top of a wall where people on noisy streets could see and hear wisdom speaking.
PRO	1	22	jk3x	figs-rquestion		0	How long, you naive people, will you love being naive?	Wisdom uses this question to rebuke those who are not wise. Alternate translation: “You who are naive must stop loving being naive.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO	1	22	v3nj			0	naive	inexperienced or immature
PRO	1	22	j83h	figs-rquestion		0	How long, you mockers, will you delight in mockery, and how long, you fools, will you hate knowledge?	Wisdom uses this question to rebuke the mockers and the fools. Alternate translation: “You who mock must stop delighting in mockery, and you fools must stop hating knowledge.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO	1	23	v9un	figs-personification		0	General Information:	Wisdom continues to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	1	23	uv1b			0	Pay attention	“Listen carefully”
PRO	1	23	t4c9	figs-metaphor		0	I will pour out my thoughts to you	Wisdom telling the people everything she thinks about them is spoken of as if her thoughts were a liquid that she would pour out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	1	23	c7ci			0	I will make my words known to you	“I will tell you what I think”
PRO	1	24	i835	figs-idiom		0	I reached out with my hand	This phrase is an idiom that means to beckon someone or to invite a person to come. Alternate translation: “I invited you to come to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	1	26	y4fk			0	General Information:	Wisdom continues to speak, describing what happens to those who ignore her.
PRO	1	26	r8lx	grammar-connect-words-phrases		0	I will laugh	This can be stated with the word “therefore” to show that the woman wisdom laughs at them because they ignored her. Alternate translation: “Therefore I will laugh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
PRO	1	26	p97h			0	at your calamity	“when bad things happen to you”
PRO	1	27	kd9m	figs-simile		0	when your fearful dread comes like a storm … like a whirlwind … come upon you	Terrible things happening to the people is compared to a storm hitting them and causing fear and suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	1	27	uy59			0	whirlwind	a very strong wind storm that causes damage
PRO	1	28	m9t9	figs-personification		0		Wisdom continues speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	1	28	g5w7			0	Then they will call upon me	“Then those who ignored me will cry out to me for help”
PRO	1	29	xk1e	figs-abstractnouns		0	Because they hate knowledge	The abstract noun “knowledge” can be stated as the verb “learn.” Alternate translation: “Because they refused to learn to be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	1	29	iu3z	figs-abstractnouns		0	did not choose the fear of Yahweh	The abstract noun “fear” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “did not fear Yahweh” or “did not honor and respect Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	1	30	h1ds			0	would not follow my instruction	“would not accept my instruction” or “rejected my advice”
PRO	1	31	nr9k			0	General Information:	Verse 33 ends wisdom’s statement that began in [Proverbs 1:22](../01/22.md).
PRO	1	31	wkf7	figs-metaphor		0	eat the fruit of their ways	Here a person’s behavior is spoken of as if it were a way or road. Also, a person receiving the results of their behavior is spoken as if the person were eating the fruit of their behavior. Alternate translation: “experience the consequences of their actions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	1	31	c1jc	figs-metaphor		0	with the fruit of their schemes they will be filled	“they will eat the fruit of their schemes until they are full.” A person receiving the results of their own evil plans is spoken of as eating the fruit of their schemes. Alternate translation: “they will suffer the consequences of their own evil plans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	1	32	t8af			0	naive	inexperienced or immature
PRO	1	32	d3pk	figs-metaphor		0	are killed when they turn away	A person rejecting wisdom is spoken of as if the person physically turns away from wisdom. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “die because they refuse to learn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	1	32	le64	figs-abstractnouns		0	the indifference of fools will destroy them	The abstract noun “indifference” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “fools will die because they do not care about what should be done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	1	32	cmi9			0	indifference	a lack of interest about something
PRO	2	intro	wr6i			0		# Proverbs 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 2 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### My Son<br>Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.
PRO	2	1	gj7r	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	A father teaches his child using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO	2	1	wtm1			0	if you receive my words	“if you listen to what I am teaching you”
PRO	2	1	jh3i	figs-metaphor		0	treasure up my commandments with you	Valuing what is commanded is spoken of as if the commandments were a treasure and the person were a safe place to store the treasure. Alternate translation: “consider my commands to be as valuable as a treasure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	2	2	an5c	figs-idiom		0	make your ears pay attention	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “force yourself to listen carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	2	2	w1il	figs-abstractnouns		0	to wisdom	This abstract noun can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “to the wise things I am teaching you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	2	2	gme3	figs-metonymy		0	incline your heart to understanding	Here “heart” represents a person’s mind. The phrase “incline your heart” is an idiom that means to commit or fully dedicate one’s mind to a task. Alternate translation: “try hard to understand what is wise” or “fully dedicate yourself to understanding wise teachings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	2	3	j5n7	figs-parallelism		0	If you cry out for understanding and raise your voice for it	Both of these phrases have the same meaning. It is implied that the person is strongly asking Yahweh for understanding. Alternate translation: “If you urgently ask God and plead for understanding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	2	3	q192	figs-idiom		0	raise your voice	This is an idiom that means to speak loudly or to shout. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	2	4	ci1k	figs-parallelism		0	if you seek it like you would seek silver and search for understanding as you would seek hidden treasures	Both phrases have the same meaning. These similes emphasize the great effort a person should make to understand what is wise. Alternate translation: “if you seek understanding with as much effort as you search for a valuable object” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	2	4	ll3n	figs-metaphor		0	you seek it … search for understanding	Trying very hard to understand what is wise is spoken of as if understanding were an object for which a person must search. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	2	5	h49h	figs-metaphor		0	you will find the knowledge of God	To succeed in knowing God is spoken of as if the knowledge of God were an object that a person finds after searching. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	2	6	g5bj	figs-synecdoche		0	from his mouth comes knowledge and understanding	Here “mouth” represents Yahweh himself or what he says. Alternate translation: “from Yahweh comes knowledge and understanding” or “Yahweh tells us what we need to know and understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	2	7	jn6b	figs-metaphor		0	He stores up sound wisdom for those who please him	Yahweh teaching wisdom to people is spoken of as if wisdom were an item that Yahweh stores and gives to people. Alternate translation: “He teaches what is truly wise to those who please him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	2	7	dv7k			0	sound	“dependable”
PRO	2	7	m2mi	figs-metaphor		0	he is a shield for those	Yahweh being able to protect his people is spoken of as if he were a shield. Alternate translation: “God protects those” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	2	7	u4zr	figs-metaphor		0	who walk in integrity	A person behaving with integrity is spoken of as if they were walking in integrity. Alternate translation: “who behave with integrity” or “who live their lives as they should” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	2	8	qt7r	figs-metaphor		0	he guards the paths of justice	This could mean: (1) justice itself is spoken of as if it were a path. Alternate translation: “God makes sure that people act justly” or (2) a person’s life is spoken of as if it were a path. Alternate translation: “God protects those who act justly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	2	8	t2qd	figs-metaphor		0	preserve the way of his faithful ones	A person’s life is spoken of as if it were a way or road. Alternate translation: “protect those who are faithful to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	2	9	qn9x			0	equity	fairness
PRO	2	9	ex8y	figs-metaphor		0	every good path	A behavior that is wise and pleases Yahweh is spoken of as if it were a good path. Alternate translation: “ways to live that are pleasing to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	2	10	kf4i	figs-metonymy		0	wisdom will come into your heart	Here “heart” represents a person’s inner being. A person becoming wise is spoken of as if wisdom would enter into a person’s heart. Alternate translation: “you will gain much wisdom” or “you will learn how to be truly wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	2	10	z4e2	figs-synecdoche		0	pleasant to your soul	Here “soul” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “pleasing to you” or “enjoyable to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	2	11	jbm7	figs-personification		0	Discretion will watch over you, understanding will guard you	This speaks of “discretion” and “understanding” as if they were persons who could watch over someone else. Both statements mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “Because you think carefully and understand what is right and wrong you will be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO	2	11	q2th			0	Discretion	the quality of being careful in actions and speech
PRO	2	11	dnu8			0	watch over	to guard, protect or take care of someone or something
PRO	2	12	ix2e	figs-personification		0	They will rescue you from the way of evil	“They” refers to discretion and understanding, which are spoken of as if they were persons who could rescue someone else. Alternate translation: “You will know to stay away from what is evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	2	12	vs4c	figs-metaphor		0	from the way of evil	Evil behaviors are spoken of as if evil were a way or path on which a person walks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	2	13	a5k8	figs-metaphor		0	who abandon the right paths and walk in the ways of darkness	A person no longer doing what is right but deciding to do what is evil is spoken of as if the person stops walking on the correct path and chooses to walk down a dark path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	2	13	tc6p			0	who abandon	The word “who” refers to the people who speak perverse things.
PRO	2	13	q9by			0	abandon	to leave and never return to someone or something
PRO	2	14	e571			0	They rejoice	“They” refers to the same people as in [Proverbs 2:12](../02/12.md).
PRO	2	14	t4yz	figs-parallelism		0	delight in the perversities of evil	This means basically the same thing as the first part of the sentence. Alternate translation: “delight in doing what they know is evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO	2	15	jpq2	figs-metaphor		0	They follow crooked paths	People who lie to others are spoken of as if they walk on crooked or twisted paths. Alternate translation: “They deceive other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	2	15	lsl5	figs-metaphor		0	using deception they hide their tracks	People lying so that others will not find out what they did is spoken of as if they covered the tracks on a path so that no one could follow them. Alternate translation: “they lie so that no one will know what they have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	2	16	erj5			0	General Information:	The father continues to teach his child how wisdom will protect him.
PRO	2	16	p5k9	figs-personification		0	Wisdom and discretion will save you	The writer speaks of wisdom and discretion as if they were people who save the one who possesses them. Alternate translation: “If you have wisdom and discretion, you will save yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	2	17	c2iu			0	the companion of her youth	This refers to her husband, whom she married when she was young.
PRO	2	17	awb4			0	the covenant of her God	This likely refers to the marriage covenant that she made with her husband in the presence of God.
PRO	2	18	dn9d			0	her house sinks down to death	This could mean: (1) “going to her house leads to death” or (2) “the road to her house is the road to death.”
PRO	2	18	kl7y	figs-metaphor		0	her tracks will lead you	This could mean: (1) “the paths to her house will lead you.” This refers to the tracks or path that lead to her house, or (2) this is a metaphor that speaks of her way of life as if it were a path on which she walks. Alternate translation: “her way of life will lead you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	2	18	hwl4	figs-metonymy		0	to those in the grave	This refers to the spirits of dead people and is a metonym for the place of the dead. Alternate translation: “to the grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	2	19	n7tg	figs-euphemism		0	go in to her	This means to go into her house to sleep with her, as one would with a prostitute. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
PRO	2	19	zg4r			0	they will not find the paths of life	This could mean: (1) “they will not return to the land of the living” or (2) “they will never live a happy life again.”
PRO	2	20	ts71			0	So	The writer tells the result of getting understanding and discretion.
PRO	2	20	fiw6	figs-metaphor		0	you will walk in the way … follow the paths	A person’s conduct is spoken of as if it were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “you will live in the way … follow the example” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	2	22	r5sm	figs-metaphor		0	the wicked will be cut off from the land	The writer speaks of Yahweh removing people from the land as if he were cutting the people off, like a person might cut a branch from a tree. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will remove the wicked from the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	2	22	w94m	figs-nominaladj		0	the wicked … the faithless	These are nominal adjectives that can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “those who are wicked … those who are faithless” or “wicked people … faithless people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PRO	2	22	cmv9	figs-metaphor		0	the faithless will be cut off from it	The writer speaks of Yahweh removing people from the land as if he were cutting the people off, like a person might cut a branch from a tree. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will remove the faithless from it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	3	intro	a94e			0		# Proverbs 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 3 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### My Son<br>Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.<br><br>### Wisdom is feminine<br><br>You may notice that wisdom is referenced using a feminine pronoun. This is a feature that is carried in from the Hebrew language. This may apply well in your language but if it does not, follow the conventions of your language. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
PRO	3	1	p6r4	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	The writer speaks as a father teaching his child using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO	3	1	f5cv	figs-abstractnouns		0	do not forget my commands	The word “commands” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “do not forget what I command you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	3	1	tk78	figs-parallelism		0	keep my teachings in your heart	This phrase says in positive terms what the previous phrase says in negative terms. Here the word “heart” represents the mind. The word “teachings” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “always remember what I teach you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	3	2	r3ia	figs-doublet		0	for the length of your days and years of your life	These two phrases share similar meanings and refer to the duration of a person’s life. Alternate translation: “all your life” or “as long as you live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	3	3	w5in	figs-personification		0	Do not let covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness ever leave you	The writer speaks of “covenant faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” as if they were people who could leave someone. The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” And, the negative command can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “Always be trustworthy and be faithful to the covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	3	3	xj6j	figs-metaphor		0	tie them together about your neck	The writer speaks of faithfulness and trustworthiness as if they were objects that a person could tie around the neck like a necklace. The image suggests that these are valuable things that the person displays outwardly. Alternate translation: “display them proudly like one would wear a necklace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	3	3	i4pt	figs-metonymy		0	write them on the tablet of your heart	Here the heart represents a person’s mind. The mind is spoken of as if it were a tablet upon which someone can write messages and commands. Alternate translation: “always remember them, as if you had written them permanently on a tablet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	3	4	g3fy	figs-metaphor		0	in the sight of God and man	Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “in the judgment of God and man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	3	5	w345	figs-metonymy		0	all your heart	Here the word “heart” represents the inner person. Alternate translation: “your whole being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	3	5	m1v4	figs-metaphor		0	do not lean on your own understanding	The writer speaks of relying on one’s own understanding as if “understanding” were an object on which a person can lean. Alternate translation: “do not rely on your own understanding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	3	6	c7br	figs-metaphor		0	in all your ways	The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if they were paths on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “in everything you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	3	6	m1v6	figs-metaphor		0	he will make your paths straight	The writer speaks of Yahweh making a person’s actions prosperous as if that person’s actions were paths on which he walks and which Yahweh makes free of obstacles. Alternate translation: “he will give you success” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	3	7	y6is	figs-metaphor		0	Do not be wise in your own eyes	The writer speaks of a person’s opinion as if that person were seeing something with his eyes. Alternate translation: “Do not be wise in your own opinion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	3	7	au5s	figs-metaphor		0	turn away from evil	The writer speaks of not committing evil actions as if it were turning away from evil. Alternate translation: “do not commit evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	3	8	du95	figs-explicit		0	It will be healing to your flesh	The word “it” refers to the instructions that the writer gives in the previous verse. The full meaning of this can be made clear. The word “flesh” represents the whole body. Alternate translation: “If you do this, it will be healing for your body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	3	9	thp2			0	all your produce	“all the food you harvest”
PRO	3	10	z9am	figs-activepassive		0	your storehouses will be filled up	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “your storehouses will be full” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	3	10	y7db			0	storehouses	buildings or rooms where food is stored
PRO	3	10	vtx6			0	your vats will be bursting	your storage containers will be extremely full, as if ready to break open.
PRO	3	11	f4sx			0	General Information:	The writer writes as a father teaching his son.
PRO	3	12	gpk5	figs-explicit		0	a son who pleases him	“a son in whom he delights.” This refers to the father’s affection for the son, and not to the father’s approval of the son’s behavior. Alternate translation: “a son whom he loves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	3	13	d1nq	figs-metaphor		0	The one who finds wisdom	The writer speaks of “wisdom” as if it were an object that one finds. Alternate translation: “The one who attains wisdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	3	14	gy74			0	what silver will give in return	This refers to the profit that one can make from trading or investing silver.
PRO	3	15	y2yl	figs-personification		0	General Information:	The author speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	3	15	vxz8			0	more precious	“more valuable”
PRO	3	16	p6g3	figs-personification		0	She has the length of her days in her right hand; in her left hand are riches and honor	The writer speak of the benefits that one gains from having wisdom as if wisdom were a woman who held these qualities in her hands and offered them to people. Alternate translation: “Wisdom gives a person length of days and riches and honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	3	16	k6ir	figs-idiom		0	length of her days	This idiom refers to the duration of person’s life and may imply a long life. Alternate translation: “long life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	3	17	mfb4	figs-personification		0	Her ways are ways of kindness and all her paths are peace	The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman and of the benefits that wisdom gives a person as if wisdom were leading that person along a path. Alternate translation: “Wisdom will always treat you kindly and give you peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	3	18	le9q	figs-metaphor		0	She is a tree of life to those who take hold of it	The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a tree that bears life-giving fruit and of a person who benefits from wisdom as if that person ate of the fruit. Alternate translation: “Wisdom is like a tree that sustains the life of those who eat of its fruit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	3	18	l7hn			0	a tree of life	“a tree that gives life” or “a tree whose fruit sustains life”
PRO	3	18	ka8x			0	those who hold on to it	“those who hold on to its fruit”
PRO	3	19	c1nf	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh founded the earth … established the heavens	The writer speaks of Yahweh creating the earth and the heavens as if he were laying the foundation of a building. Alternate translation: “Yahweh created the earth … made the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	3	20	ulw3	figs-explicit		0	the depths broke open	In ancient thought, water existed under the earth. This phrase refers to Yahweh causing that water to come out of the earth and make the oceans and rivers exist. Alternate translation: “he caused the rivers to flow” or “he caused the oceans to exist” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	3	20	b6d2			0	dew	water that forms on the ground at night
PRO	3	21	xa9f	figs-metaphor		0	do not lose sight of them	The writer speaks of not forgetting something as if it were always being able to see it. Alternate translation: “do not forget them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	3	22	mr5l	figs-synecdoche		0	They will be life to your soul	Here the word “soul” represents the person. Alternate translation: “They will be life for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	3	22	x4q3	figs-metaphor		0	an adornment of favor to wear around your neck	The writer speaks of “sound judgment” and “discernment” as if they were objects that a person could tie around the neck like a necklace. The image suggests that these are valuable things that the person displays outwardly. Alternate translation: “a display of favor like one would adorn themselves with a necklace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	3	22	r2k8			0	adornment of favor	This could mean: (1) “a favorable adornment” or (2) “an adornment that displays Yahweh’s favor.”
PRO	3	23	k64j	figs-metaphor		0	you will walk on your way in safety	The writer speaks of living one’s life as if the person were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “you will live your life in safety” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	3	23	d5hd	figs-synecdoche		0	your foot will not stumble	The word “foot” represents the whole person. The writer speaks of doing wrong as if a person stumbled over an object in his path. Alternate translation: “you will not do things that are wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	3	24	f69h	figs-explicit		0	when you lie down	It is implied that a person lies down in order to sleep. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “when you lie down to sleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	3	24	q2v4	figs-metaphor		0	your sleep will be sweet	The writer speaks of sleep that is peaceful and refreshing as if it tasted sweet to the person sleeping. The word “sleep” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “your sleep will be pleasant” or “you will sleep peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	3	25	ds94	figs-activepassive		0	devastation caused by the wicked, when it comes	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when the wicked cause devastation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	3	26	aw88	figs-idiom		0	Yahweh will be on your side	“Yahweh will be by your side.” A person standing by another person’s side is an idiom that means that the one person will help and support the other. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will support and defend you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	3	26	z3ye	figs-metaphor		0	will keep your foot from being caught in a trap	The writer speaks of a person experiencing harm from “terror” and “devastation” as if the person were caught in a trap. The word “foot” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “will protect you from those who want to harm you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	3	27	yl8a			0	Do not withhold good	“Do not withhold good things” or “Do not withhold good actions”
PRO	3	27	sqz5			0	when it is in your power to act	“when you are able to help”
PRO	3	28	e1qg			0	when you have the money with you	“when you have the money with you now.” The meaning here is that the person has the money to help today, but tells his neighbor to come back tomorrow.
PRO	3	31	pae7	figs-explicit		0	Do not … choose any of his ways	It is implied that he is not to choose to imitate the actions of the violent person. Alternate translation: “Do not … choose to imitate any of his ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	3	32	eu7k			0	the devious person is detestable to Yahweh	“Yahweh detests the devious person”
PRO	3	32	n8ed			0	the devious person	the person who is dishonest or deceitful
PRO	3	32	uy1e	figs-explicit		0	he brings the upright person into his confidence	Yahweh shares his thoughts with the those who do right as with a close, trusted friend. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is a close friend to the upright” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	3	33	h6ns	figs-metaphor		0	The curse of Yahweh is on the house of the wicked person	The writer speaks of Yahweh’s curse as if it were an object that he placed on top of the wicked person’s house. The word “house” is a metonym for family. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has cursed the family of the wicked person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	3	33	q866	figs-metonymy		0	he blesses the home of righteous people	The word “home” represents the family. Alternate translation: “he blesses the families of righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	3	34	kb65	figs-metaphor		0	he gives his favor to humble people	The writer speaks of Yahweh’s favor as if it were an object that he gives to people. Alternate translation: “he shows his favor to humble people” or “he is gracious to humble people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	3	35	y7vz	figs-metaphor		0	Wise people inherit honor	The writer speaks of wise people obtaining a reputation of honor as if they inherited honor as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “Wise people will obtain honor” or “Wise people will gain an honorable reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	3	35	b6jx	figs-metaphor		0	fools will be lifted up in their shame	The writer speaks of Yahweh making the shame of fools evident to everyone as if Yahweh were lifting fools up for everyone to see them. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause everyone to see the shame of fools” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	4	intro	z4ah			0		# Proverbs 04 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 4 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### My Son<br>Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.<br><br>### Wisdom is feminine<br><br>You may notice that wisdom is referenced using a feminine pronoun. This is a feature that is carried in from the Hebrew language. This may apply well in your language but if it does not, follow the conventions of your language. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
PRO	4	1	hqv1			0	General Information:	The writer speaks as a father teaching his children.
PRO	4	1	zck6			0	pay attention	“listen carefully”
PRO	4	1	s4lm			0	you will know what understanding is	“you will know how to understand” or “you will gain understanding”
PRO	4	2	paf3			0	I am giving you good instructions	“What I am teaching you is good”
PRO	4	3	y999	figs-explicit		0	When I was a son of my father	This refers to the time when the writer was a child still living under his father’s care. Alternate translation: “When I was still a boy learning from my father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	4	3	n5ke	figs-hendiadys		0	the tender and only child	Here the word “tender” refers to a young age at which the child is still weak. It forms a hendiadys with the word “only.” Alternate translation: “the tender only child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
PRO	4	4	b7y3	figs-metonymy		0	Let your heart hold fast to my words	Here the word “heart” represents the person’s mind. The writer speaks of remembering words as if the heart were holding on tightly to them. Alternate translation: “Always remember what I am teaching you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	4	5	rat9			0	General Information:	The father continues to teach his children what his father taught him.
PRO	4	5	ft42			0	Acquire wisdom	“Work hard to gain for yourself wisdom” or “Get wisdom”
PRO	4	5	fb3y			0	do not forget	“remember”
PRO	4	5	m3uv			0	do not reject	“accept”
PRO	4	5	su5g	figs-synecdoche		0	the words of my mouth	Here the word “mouth” represents the person who speaks. Alternate translation: “what I am saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	4	6	zc73	figs-personification		0	do not abandon wisdom and she will watch over you; love her and she will keep you safe	The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman who protects the person who is faithful to her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	4	6	vrf5			0	do not abandon wisdom	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “hold tightly to wisdom” or “be faithful to wisdom”
PRO	4	6	h75g			0	love her	“love wisdom”
PRO	4	7	zu2p			0	General Information:	The father finishes teaching his children what his father taught him.
PRO	4	7	guq5			0	spend all you own so you can get understanding	“value understanding more than all you own”
PRO	4	8	pa2i	figs-personification		0	Cherish wisdom and she will exalt you	The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman and of wisdom giving great honor to a person as if wisdom lifted that person to a high position. Alternate translation: “If you cherish wisdom, she will give you great honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	4	8	x13z			0	Cherish	to feel or show great love for someone or something
PRO	4	8	k4fl	figs-personification		0	she will honor you when you embrace her	The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman and of a person valuing wisdom as if the person placed his arms around her. Alternate translation: “if you love wisdom greatly, wisdom will cause people to honor you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	4	9	z38e	figs-metaphor		0	She will put a wreath of honor on your head	The writer speaks of the honor that a person will have from gaining wisdom as if wisdom placed a wreath upon that person’s head. Alternate translation: “Wisdom will be like a wreath on your head that shows your great honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	4	9	beu8			0	wreath	a woven circle made of leaves or flowers
PRO	4	9	z184	figs-metaphor		0	she will give you a beautiful crown	The writer speaks of the honor that a person will have from gaining wisdom as if wisdom placed a crown upon that person’s head. Alternate translation: “wisdom will be like a beautiful crown on your head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	4	10	p1f4			0	pay attention to my words	“listen carefully to what I teach you”
PRO	4	10	l7bx			0	you will have many years in your life	“you will live many years”
PRO	4	11	h1ql	figs-metaphor		0	I direct you in the way of wisdom; I lead you down straight paths	The writer speaks of teaching his son to live wisely as if he were leading his son along the paths where one may find wisdom. Alternate translation: “I am teaching you how to live wisely; I am explaining the right way to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	4	12	xxp4	figs-metaphor		0	When you walk, no one will stand in your way and if you run, you will not stumble	These two lines share similar meanings. The writer speaks of the decisions and actions that a person makes as if that person were walking or running along a path and of the person being successful as if the path were free of obstacles that might make the person stumble. Alternate translation: “When you plan something, you will succeed in doing it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO	4	13	d7gk	figs-metaphor		0	Hold on to instruction, do not let it go	The writer speaks of a person remembering what he has learned as if “instruction” were an object that the person can hold tightly. Alternate translation: “Continue to obey what I have taught you and never forget it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	4	13	ljf9	figs-metonymy		0	for it is your life	The writer speaks of discipline preserving a person’s life as if it were that person’s life. Alternate translation: “for it will preserve your life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	4	14	gi8l	figs-metaphor		0	Do not follow the path of the wicked and do not go along the way of those who do evil	The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if that person were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “Do not do what wicked people do and do not join in the actions of people who do evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	4	15	cr8d			0	Avoid it	“Avoid the path of the wicked”
PRO	4	16	n1jz	figs-hyperbole		0	they cannot sleep until they do evil	They probably could literally sleep, but the writer uses an exaggeration to express how intensely they desire to commit evil actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
PRO	4	16	a2jq	figs-hyperbole		0	they are robbed of sleep	The writer speaks of people being unable to sleep as if sleep were an object that someone stole from them. They probably could literally sleep, but the writer uses an exaggeration to express how intensely they desire to commit evil actions. Alternate translation: “they are unable to sleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	4	16	bvp7	figs-metaphor		0	until they cause someone to stumble	The writer speaks of causing harm to another person as if it were causing that person to stumble. Alternate translation: “until they harm someone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	4	17	vfi9	figs-metaphor		0	they eat the bread of wickedness and drink the wine of violence	This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of these people constantly committing wickedness and violence as if they ate and drank them like one would drink bread and wine. Alternate translation: “wickedness is like the bread that they eat and violence is like the wine that they drink” or (2) these people get their food and drink by committing wickedness and violence. Alternate translation: “they eat bread that they obtain by doing wicked things and drink wine that they obtain through violence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	4	18	w7hu	figs-metaphor		0	the path of righteous people	The writer speaks of the actions and lifestyles of righteous people as if they were a “path” or “way” upon which they walk. Alternate translation: “the lifestyle of righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	4	18	etf9	figs-simile		0	the path of righteous people is like the first light that grows brighter	The writer compares the path of righteous people to the sunrise, meaning that they are safe because they have light to see where they are walking. Alternate translation: “righteous people walk along their path safely because the morning sun shines on it and grows brighter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	4	18	i5k7			0	the first light	This refers to the dawn or sunrise.
PRO	4	18	jv88	figs-idiom		0	until the fullness of the day comes	This refers to the time of day at which the sun shines the brightest. Alternate translation: “until the sun shines most brightly” or “until full daylight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	4	19	bqj5	figs-metaphor		0	The way of the wicked	The writer speaks of the actions and lifestyles of wicked people as if they were a “path” or “way” upon which they walk. Alternate translation: “The lifestyle of the wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	4	19	mj9l	figs-simile		0	The way of the wicked is like darkness	The writer compares the way of wicked people to darkness, meaning that they are always in danger because they have no light to see where they are walking. Alternate translation: “Wicked people walk dangerously along their path because they have no light to be able to see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	4	19	m9yh	figs-metaphor		0	they do not know what it is they stumble over	The writer speaks of experiencing harm as if it were stumbling over an object in the path along which the person walks. Alternate translation: “they do not know why they experience harm and misfortune” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	4	20	w8jd			0	pay attention	“listen carefully”
PRO	4	20	kji2	figs-synecdoche		0	incline your ear to my sayings	Here the word “ear” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. The word “sayings” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “listen attentively to the things that I am saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	4	21	zdv5	figs-metaphor		0	Do not let them turn away from your eyes	The writer speaks of always thinking about something as if it were keeping it where one can see it. Alternate translation: “Do not stop thinking about them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	4	21	a189	figs-metaphor		0	keep them in your heart	The writer speaks of remembering something as if it were keeping it within one’s heart. Alternate translation: “always remember them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	4	22	jnu1	figs-metonymy		0	my words are life	The writer speaks of his words preserving a person’s life as if they were that person’s life. Alternate translation: “my words give life” or “the things I say give life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	4	22	lby5	figs-metaphor		0	to those who find them	The writer speaks of fully understanding his words as if the person searches for them and finds them. Alternate translation: “to those who understand and practice them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	4	22	d57y	figs-ellipsis		0	health to their whole body	The word “their” refers to “those who find them.” The subject for this phrase can be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “my words will give health to the whole body of those who find them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PRO	4	23	pf19	figs-metonymy		0	Keep your heart safe and guard it	Here the word “heart” represents a person’s mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “Keep your mind safe and guard your thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	4	23	klv3			0	with all diligence	with constant and earnest effort
PRO	4	23	n8vd	figs-metonymy		0	from it flow the springs of life	The word “it” refers to the heart, which is a metonym for the mind and thoughts. The writer speaks of a person’s life as if it were a flowing spring that originates from the heart. Alternate translation: “from your thoughts comes everything you say and do” or “your thoughts determine your course of life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	4	24	a2sw	figs-metaphor		0	Put crooked speech away from you and put corrupt talk far from you	The writer speaks of lying or deceitful speech as if it were crooked and of a person not using this kind of language as if it were removing it far away from oneself. Alternate translation: “Do not lie and do not speak deceitfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	4	25	il8g	figs-synecdoche		0	Let your eyes look straight ahead and fix your gaze straight before you	Here the word “eyes” represents the person who is looking. The writer speaks of a person being committed to doing the right thing as if that person were constantly looking forward without turning his head to look in another direction. Alternate translation: “Always look straight ahead and fix your gaze straight before you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	4	26	nt2z	figs-synecdoche		0	Make a level path for your foot	Here the word “foot” represents the person who is walking. The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if he were walking along a path, and of planning those actions carefully as if it were making that path level. Alternate translation: “Make a level path to walk on” or “Prepare well what you want to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	4	26	g2a2			0	a level path	“a smooth path” or “an even path”
PRO	4	26	xyn9	figs-metaphor		0	then all your ways will be secure	The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if the person were walking along a path and of those actions being successful as if the path were safe and secure. Alternate translation: “then everything that you do will be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	4	27	h89u	figs-merism		0	Do not turn aside to the right or to the left	The directions “right” and “left” form a merism, meaning that the person is not to leave the level path in any direction. Alternate translation: “Walk straight ahead and do not leave the level path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
PRO	4	27	j3tn	figs-synecdoche		0	turn your foot away from evil	Here the word “foot” represents the person who walks. The writer speaks of not committing evil actions as if the person were walking away from evil. Alternate translation: “turn away from evil” or “stay away from evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	5	intro	jxf1			0		# Proverbs 05 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 5 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### My Son<br>Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.<br><br>### Adulteress<br><br>This chapter is unusual because it holds a theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her. An adulteress is a woman who commits adultery. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])
PRO	5	1	vi27			0	General Information:	The writer speaks as a father teaching his children.
PRO	5	1	nl9h	figs-synecdoche		0	incline your ears	Here the word “ears” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ears are closer to the one speaking. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). Alternate translation: “listen attentively” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	5	2	cei4			0	discretion	Discretion is the quality of being careful with regard to one’s actions and speech. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 1:4](../01/04.md).
PRO	5	2	la7f	figs-synecdoche		0	your lips may protect knowledge	Here the word “lips” represents the person who speaks. The writer speaks of a person being careful only to say what is true as if the person’s lips were protecting knowledge. Alternate translation: “you will speak only what is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	5	3	zxr9	figs-metonymy		0	the lips of an adulteress drip with honey	This could mean: (1) the word “lips” represents the words of the adulteress and the writer speaks of the attractiveness of her words as if her lips dripped with honey. Alternate translation: “the words of an adulteress are sweet, as if dripping with honey” or (2) the writer speaks of the allure of kissing the adulteress as if her lips dripped with honey. Alternate translation: “the kisses of an adulteress are sweet, as if her lips dripped with honey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	5	3	z9rm	figs-metonymy		0	her mouth is smoother than oil	This could mean: (1) the word “mouth” represents the speech of the adulteress and the writer speaks of the persuasiveness of her speech as if her mouth were smoother than olive oil. Alternate translation: “her speech is persuasive and smoother than olive oil” or (2) the writer speaks of the pleasure of kissing the adulteress as if her mouth were smoother than oil. Alternate translation: “her kisses are smoother than olive oil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	5	4	pd3g	figs-metaphor		0	but in the end she is as bitter as wormwood	The writer speaks of the harm that comes from having a relationship with an adulteress as if she tasted as bitter as wormwood. Alternate translation: “but in the end, she is like bitter-tasting wormwood and will cause you harm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	5	4	m3sn			0	wormwood	a plant that tastes bitter
PRO	5	4	jy84	figs-metaphor		0	cutting like a sharp sword	The writer speaks of the pain that the adulteress will cause to the one who has a relationship with her as if she were a sharp weapon that cuts the person. Alternate translation: “she wounds a person, as if she were a sharp sword” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	5	5	kc88	figs-synecdoche		0	Her feet go down to death	Here “her feet” represent the adulteress as she walks. The writer speaks of her conduct as if she were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “She is walking along a path that leads to death” or “Her lifestyle leads to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	5	5	g7qf	figs-metaphor		0	her steps go all the way to Sheol	The writer speaks of her conduct as if she were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “she walks all the way to Sheol” or “her conduct takes her all the way to Sheol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	5	6	nxc1	figs-metaphor		0	She gives no thought to the path of life	The writer speaks of behavior that gives a person long life as if it were a path that leads to life. Alternate translation: “She does not think about walking along the path that leads to life” or “She is not concerned about conduct that leads to life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	5	6	iki3			0	Her footsteps wander	This could mean: (1) “She wanders about as if she were lost” or (2) “She walks along the wrong path.”
PRO	5	7	dwp8			0	Now	Here the teacher shifts from warning about the adulteress to giving advice.
PRO	5	7	ry9i	figs-parallelism		0	listen to me … do not turn away from listening	These two phrases express the same idea to make the student pay attention. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO	5	7	e4q8	figs-metaphor		0	do not turn away from listening	The writer speaks of stopping an action as if the person physically turned away from it. Alternate translation: “do not stop listening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	5	7	ih1h	figs-synecdoche		0	the words of my mouth	Here the word “mouth” represents the person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “my words” or “what I am saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	5	8	y32e	figs-metonymy		0	Keep your path far away from her	Here the word “path” represents the person’s daily conduct and circumstances. Alternate translation: “Keep yourself far away from her” or “Stay away from her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	5	8	jw5h	figs-synecdoche		0	do not come near the door of her house	Here “the door of her house” represents the house itself. It may be more appropriate to use the word “go” instead of “come” since the latter might imply that the speaker is at the door of her house. Alternate translation: “do not go near the door of her house” or “do not even go near her house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
PRO	5	9	pl7u			0	In that way	“If you do this.” This phrase refers to what he has just said in previous verses.
PRO	5	9	b54w			0	you will not give away your honor to others	Possible meanings for the word **honor** are: (1) it refers to one’s reputation. Alternate translation: “You will not lose your good reputation among other people” or (2) it refers to one’s wealth and possessions. Alternate translation: “You will not give away your wealth to other people” or (3) it refers to strength and represents the prime years of one’s life. Alternate translation: “You will not give away the best times of your life to other people”
PRO	5	9	bc5b	figs-ellipsis		0	or years of your life to a cruel person	The writer speaks of a person dying prematurely, possibly by murder, as if the years of his life were items that he gives away to another person. The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “or give years of your life to a cruel person” or “or cause a cruel person to kill you while you are still young” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	5	9	yb9a			0	a cruel person	This may refer to the husband of the adulteress, who will deal cruelly with the person who sleeps with her.
PRO	5	10	d9br	figs-metaphor		0	strangers will not feast on your wealth	The writer speaks of people taking and enjoying another person’s wealth as if they were feasting on the wealth. Alternate translation: “strangers will not take all of your wealth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	5	10	ksf3	figs-metonymy		0	what you have worked for will not go into the house of strangers	Here the word “house” represents the person’s family. Alternate translation: “the things that you have obtained will not end up belonging to the families of strangers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	5	11	la5h	figs-doublet		0	your flesh and your body waste away	The words “flesh” and “body” mean basically the same thing and represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “your body wastes away” or “you waste away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PRO	5	11	i4yh			0	waste away	“physically wear down” or “become weak and unhealthy”
PRO	5	12	x4di	figs-parallelism		0	I hated instruction … my heart despised correction	These two phrases express the same idea and emphasize how much this person disliked what the teacher had said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO	5	12	m4gr	figs-exclamations		0	How I hated instruction	The word “How” is an exclamation that emphasizes the strength of his hatred. The word “instruction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I hated it so much when someone would instruct me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	5	12	b7lf	figs-synecdoche		0	my heart despised correction	Here the word “heart” represents the person and his emotions. The word “correction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I despised people when they corrected me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	5	13	kvf5	figs-synecdoche		0	incline my ear to my instructors	Here the word “ear” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). Alternate translation: “listen to those who instructed me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	5	14	he4c	figs-parallelism		0	in the midst of the assembly, among the gathering of the people	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and refer to the person’s community that has gathered together either: (1) to worship God or (2) to judge him for his offense. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO	5	15	f76j	figs-parallelism		0	water from your own cistern … running water from your own well	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The writer speaks of a man sleeping only with his wife as if he drank water only from his own cistern or well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	5	15	t8av	figs-metaphor		0	running water	The writer speaks of fresh or flowing water as if the water were running. Alternate translation: “fresh water” or “flowing water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	5	16	pe1s	figs-rquestion		0	Should your springs … your streams of water flow in the public squares?	The writer asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that his son should not do these things. Alternate translation: “Your springs should not … your streams of water should not flow in the public squares.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO	5	16	u3ua	figs-euphemism		0	Should your springs … your streams of water flow in the public squares?	Here the words “springs” and “streams of water” are likely euphemisms for male reproductive fluids. Possible meanings for these metaphorical phrases are: (1) sleeping with women other than one’s wife is spoken of as if it were allowing one’s water to flow in the public streets or (2) having children with women other than one’s wife is spoken of as if it were allowing one’s water to flow in the public streets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	5	16	ss2w			0	public squares	Open areas in a city or town where two or more streets meet. A common place for people to meet each other and talk.
PRO	5	17	f7ge			0	Let them be	The word “them” refers to the “springs” and “streams of water” and what they stand for.
PRO	5	17	s9wf			0	not for strangers with you	“do not share them with strangers”
PRO	5	18	xd81	figs-metaphor		0	May your fountain be blessed	The writer speaks of the son’s wife as if she were a fountain. Here the word “blessed” refers to the sense of joy that the man has in his wife. Alternate translation: “May you always find joy with your wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	5	18	tz7f			0	the wife of your youth	This could mean: (1) “the wife whom you married when you were young” or (2) “your young wife.”
PRO	5	19	n93j	figs-metaphor		0	she is a loving deer and a graceful doe	The writer speaks of the son’s wife as if she were “a loving deer and a graceful doe.” Here “deer” and “doe” mean a female deer. They were symbols of beauty both in their appearance and in their movements. Alternate translation: “she is as beautiful and graceful as a deer or a doe” or “she is as beautiful and graceful as a female deer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	5	19	dv45			0	graceful	This word does not mean “full of grace,” but “beautiful while moving.”
PRO	5	19	x1vq	figs-synecdoche		0	Let her breasts satisfy you	This could mean: (1) the wife’s breasts excite the husband’s sexual desire and possibly represent the wife’s entire body. Alternate translation: “Let her breasts satisfy your desires” or “Let her body satisfy your desires” or (2) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of the wife’s breasts satisfying the husband’s desires as they would satisfy the thirst of a hungry baby. Alternate translation: “Let her breasts fill you with delight as a mother’s breasts fill her child with food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	5	19	pb8m	figs-activepassive		0	may you be continually intoxicated by her love	Intense excitement and joy from the romantic love of one’s wife is spoken of as if he was drunk from that love. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “let her love control you as alcohol controls someone who is drunk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	5	19	elf2			0	by her love	This could mean: (1) “by your love for her” or (2) “by her love for you.”
PRO	5	20	d78f	figs-rquestion		0	For why should you, my son, be captivated by an adulteress; why should you embrace the breasts of an immoral woman?	The writer asks these rhetorical questions to emphasize that his son must not do these things. Alternate translation: “My son, do not be captivated by an adulteress! Do not embrace the breasts of an immoral woman!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO	5	20	z71k	figs-activepassive		0	be captivated by an adulteress	Intense excitement that arises from the desire for a woman is spoken of as if he were being held captive by that woman. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “allow an adulteress to captivate you” or “allow an adulteress to fascinate you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	5	20	zr1u	figs-synecdoche		0	why should you embrace the breasts of an immoral woman	Here the word “breasts” represents the immoral woman and her sexual attractiveness. Alternate translation: “why should you embrace an immoral woman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	5	20	x9gw			0	an immoral woman	This could mean: (1) “a woman who is not your wife” or (2) “a woman who is another man’s wife.”
PRO	5	21	jh86	figs-parallelism		0	sees everything … watches all the paths	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that God knows everything that everyone does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO	5	21	p1ar	figs-metaphor		0	all the paths he takes	The writer speaks of a person’s actions or lifestyle as if it were a path on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “everywhere he goes” or “everything he does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	5	22	u9ya	figs-personification		0	A wicked person will be seized by his own iniquities	The writer speaks of a wicked person being unable to avoid the consequences of his iniquities as if those iniquities were people who capture the wicked person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “A wicked person’s own iniquities will seize him” or “A wicked person will be unable to avoid the consequences of his iniquities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	5	22	he5d	figs-metaphor		0	the cords of his sin will hold him tight	The writer speaks of a wicked person being unable to avoid the consequences of his sin as if that sin were a trap made of cords in which the person is caught. Alternate translation: “because of his sin, he will be like an animal caught in a trap” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	5	23	x16k	figs-activepassive		0	he is led astray by his great foolishness	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “his great foolishness leads him astray” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	5	23	n1a7			0	by his great foolishness	“because he is very foolish”
PRO	6	intro	xq95			0		# Proverbs 06 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 6 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### My Son<br><br>Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.<br><br>### Adulteress<br><br>The latter part of this chapter comes back to the theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her. An adulteress is a woman who commits adultery. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])<br><br>### Numbers<br><br>Occasionally, the author will mention a list of six things, or seven things, that Yahweh hates. These numbers are used to draw attention to the list of things. It is not important whether there are six or seven things in the list.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>The author will use rhetorical questions to draw the reader’s attention to important points. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Animals used as types<br><br>The gazelle and the ant have certain characteristics which the author uses to give wisdom. If your language does not recognize these characteristics in those animals, you could add a footnote to explain or possibly substitute another animal from your culture that would help explain the same concept. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
PRO	6	1	sb1b	figs-explicit		0	set aside your money	Implied here is that your promise and the circumstances forced you to save up your money. Alternate translation: “had to save up some of your money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	6	1	z256			0	a guarantee for your neighbor’s loan	This could mean: (1) your neighbor may come to you to ask for a loan or (2) your neighbor wants to take out a loan from someone else, but you promise to pay the lender back if your neighbor cannot.
PRO	6	1	p3wd			0	neighbor	This same Hebrew word can also mean “friend.”
PRO	6	2	p9iu	figs-idiom		0	you have laid a trap for yourself	This is a figure of speech saying that you are going to trap yourself. Alternate translation: “you have made a trap in which you yourself are caught” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	6	2	qta7			0	the words of your mouth	“what you said” or “what you promised to do”
PRO	6	3	d6yp			0	save yourself	“protect yourself” or “help yourself out of these problems”
PRO	6	3	zn5u	figs-idiom		0	you have fallen into the hand of your neighbor	This is a figure of speech using the term “hand” to mean “harm.” Alternate translation: “your neighbor can bring harm to you if he wants to” or “your neighbor has power over you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	6	3	mzx9			0	neighbor	“friend”
PRO	6	4	be5i	figs-parallelism		0	Give your eyes no sleep and your eyelids no slumber	“Do not let your eyes sleep; do not let your eyelids slumber.” These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize how important it is not to be lazy. It is also stated negatively for even more emphasis. Alternate translation: “Stay awake, and do what you can” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
PRO	6	4	n831	figs-synecdoche		0	your eyes … your eyelids	This is a figure of speech using parts of your face to mean your whole body. Alternate translation: “yourself … yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	6	5	xjb3			0	Save yourself like a gazelle from the hand of the hunter	“Escape from your neighbor like a gazelle that flees from a hunter”
PRO	6	5	lcv3			0	gazelle	This is a big, lean animal that eats grass and that people often hunt for meat. It is famous for running away quickly.
PRO	6	5	ffv9	figs-metonymy		0	from the hand of the hunter	The hand of the hunter refers to the hunter’s control. Alternate translation: “from the control of the hunter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	6	5	fn1g			0	like a bird from the hand of the fowler	“and escape like a bird that flies away from a bird-hunter”
PRO	6	6	il7a			0	Look at … consider	“Study … think about” or “carefully observe … ponder”
PRO	6	6	xh1r			0	ant	An ant is a small insect that lives underground or in a self-built hill. They usually live in groups of thousands, and they can lift things that are much bigger than they are.
PRO	6	6	uze2	figs-metonymy		0	consider her ways	This is a figure of speech using the “ways” of an ant to refer to the behavior of the ant. Alternate translation: “consider how the ant behaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	6	7	tmb7	figs-doublet		0	commander, officer, or ruler	These three words mean basically the same thing and are used to emphasized that no one has formal authority over an individual ant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PRO	6	8	w9jc	figs-parallelism		0	it prepares its food in the summer … during the harvest it stores up what it will eat	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are repeated to show how responsible the ant is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO	6	8	c8we			0	summer	Summer is the time of the year when some trees bear their fruit.
PRO	6	9	r6u4	figs-parallelism		0	How long will you sleep … When will you rise from your sleep?	The teacher uses these questions to scold the lazy person for sleeping too much. Alternate translation: “Wake up, you lazy person! Get out of your bed!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO	6	10	q6ab			0	A little sleep … of the hands to rest	These are the kinds of things that lazy people say.
PRO	6	10	f9h7	figs-parallelism		0	A little sleep, a little slumber	Both of these statements mean the same thing. They can be stated as complete sentences. Alternate translation: “I will just sleep a little longer. Let me sleep lightly a little longer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PRO	6	10	c54p	figs-metonymy		0	folding of the hands to rest	People often fold their hands while reclining in order to rest more comfortably. Alternate translation: “I will just cross my arms comfortably and rest a little” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	6	11	qm7m	figs-explicit		0	and your poverty will come	This can be stated as a new sentence to make clear that this is a result of being lazy. Alternate translation: “If you continue to be lazy, your poverty will come” or “While you sleep, poverty will come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	6	11	zz4v	figs-simile		0	your poverty will come like a robber	The sudden way a lazy person becomes poor is like the sudden way a robber comes and steals things. Alternate translation: “you will suddenly become poor, just as if a robber came and stole everything you have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	6	11	r7za	figs-simile		0	and your needs like an armed soldier	The sudden way a lazy person becomes in need of things is like the sudden way an armed soldier takes things from a person. This can be stated as a complete sentence. Alternate translation: “and your needs will come to you like an armed soldier” or “and you will become needy just as if an armed soldier stole all your things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PRO	6	11	vt3g			0	an armed soldier	“a soldier who is holding a weapon” or “a man with a weapon”
PRO	6	12	sk3y	figs-doublet		0	A worthless person—a wicked man	These two words have the same meaning and emphasize how bad this person is. Alternate translation: “A person with no value—an evil man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PRO	6	12	q9ly	figs-metaphor		0	lives by the crookedness of his speech	Here lies are spoken of as speech that is crooked. Alternate translation: “constantly tells lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	6	13	b2zu			0	winking his eyes, making signals with his feet and pointing with his fingers	All three of these phrases describe a way in which the evil person communicates secretly to deceive other people.
PRO	6	13	kq86			0	winking his eyes	If someone winks, he closes one eye very briefly as a secret signal to another person. This might be a sign of trust, of approval, or of something else.
PRO	6	14	za5w			0	He plots evil	“He plans evil” or “He prepares to do evil deeds”
PRO	6	14	bbx6			0	he always stirs up discord	“he always causes discord” or “he is constantly looking for conflict and escalating it”
PRO	6	15	n8uw			0	Therefore	“For that reason”
PRO	6	15	fz64	figs-personification		0	his disaster will overtake him	This implies that the disaster is chasing him like a person or an animal, and that it will catch him soon. Alternate translation: “his disaster will catch him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	6	15	j5gd			0	his disaster	This refers to the disaster that will happen to him, but also the disaster that he himself caused.
PRO	6	15	h6bm			0	in an instant; in a moment	Both mean the same thing, and one or both of them can be replaced by “suddenly” or “very quickly.”
PRO	6	16	it1e	figs-parallelism		0	six things that Yahweh hates, seven that	This whole verse is a parallelism that emphasizes that God hates several things and not just one. Alternate translation: “six things that Yahwah hates; seven things that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO	6	16	akh6			0	that are disgusting to him	“that make him feel disgust” or “that make you disgusting according to him”
PRO	6	17	zib9			0	Connecting Statement:	This is the list of things that Yahweh hates that was introduced in [Proverbs 6:16](./16.md).
PRO	6	17	kpi4	figs-synecdoche		0	eyes … tongue … hands	All of these body parts refer to a whole person. You can translate each of these with “people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	6	17	cip3			0	shed the blood of	“kill” or “murder”
PRO	6	18	jq4t	figs-synecdoche		0	heart … feet	All of these body parts refer to a whole person. You can translate each of these with “people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	6	18	ex5v			0	wicked schemes	“evil plans”
PRO	6	19	g2tz	figs-idiom		0	breathes out lies	This figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying constantly. Alternate translation: “constantly lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	6	19	r9n1			0	discord	See how you translated this in [Proverbs 6:14](../06/14.md).
PRO	6	19	avm1	figs-metaphor		0	one who sows discord	This figure of speech is using “sows” to refer to causing or bringing about discord. Alternate translation: “a person who causes discord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	6	20	e5gm	figs-parallelism		0	obey the command of your father … do not forsake the teaching of your mother	These two phrases on the one hand mean the same thing. On the other hand, the repeated emphasis on both “father” and “mother” explicitly includes women in the whole teaching-learning process. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO	6	20	u11d	figs-litotes		0	do not forsake the teaching of your mother	This figure of speech is using the negative “forsake” to mean the positive “obey.” Alternate translation: “obey the teaching of your mother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
PRO	6	21	qz2z	figs-metaphor		0	bind them on your heart; tie them about your neck	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. They describe the commands and instructions as if they are written down so that you can put it in or on your body to remind yourself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	6	21	b76k			0	bind them on your heart	“love them” or “think about them”
PRO	6	22	r61q	figs-parallelism		0	When you walk … when you sleep … when you wake up	These three phrases are used together to emphasize that the lessons are valuable all the time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO	6	22	hw2r	figs-parallelism		0	they will guide you … they will watch over you … they will teach you	The repetition of these phrases is to show that the lessons are valuable for all sorts of things. It also speaks of those lessons as if they were people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	6	23	u5p1	figs-parallelism		0	the commands … the teaching … the corrections that come by instruction	These three phrases mean basically the same thing, and together they show the various types of lessons a father and a mother teach. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO	6	23	s8lq	figs-metaphor		0	a lamp … a light … the way of life	All three of these mean basically the same thing and are repeated to emphasize the fact that the lessons make life better and easier. Alternate translation: “as useful as a lamp … as helpful as light in the darkness … as necessary to follow as the way of life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO	6	23	n5j2			0	the way of life	“the way that leads to life” or “the way of living that God approves of”
PRO	6	24	p7az	figs-123person		0	It keeps you from	Here the word “it” refers to the lessons taught by the father and mother in [Proverbs 6:20](../06/20.md). Alternate translation: “It saves you from” or “It protects you from” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
PRO	6	24	sjp3			0	the immoral woman … an immoral woman	These two words mean basically the same thing. See how you translated the word “adulteress” in [Proverbs 5:3](../05/03.md).
PRO	6	24	sw14			0	immoral	“morally evil”
PRO	6	25	ty32	figs-metaphor		0	do not let her capture you with her eyelashes	The writer speaks of the woman’s eyelashes as if they were a trap into which the young man could fall. They are a synecdoche for her beauty and a metonym for the way the woman looks at the young man to make her want her. Alternate translation: “do not allow her to gain control over you by being beautiful and by the way she looks at you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	6	25	rx3p	figs-metonymy		0	in your heart	Here “heart” represents the mind. Alternate translation: “in your thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	6	25	m7d2	figs-metonymy		0	her beauty	“what is beautiful about her.” This can also be a metonym for the woman. Alternate translation: “her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	6	25	f4km			0	capture you	“gain control over you”
PRO	6	25	vnr8	figs-synecdoche		0	her eyelashes	The “eyelashes” stand for the beautiful things about her body that she uses to catch a man’s attention. Alternate translation: “her beautiful eyes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	6	26	p3jv			0	the price of a loaf of bread	This is talking about the material cost, not the spiritual cost or the moral cost. Alternate translation: “a little bit”
PRO	6	26	k5fu			0	may cost you your very life	This could mean: (1) the wife of another man will destroy your life because she always wants more or (2) the husband of the other woman will hunt you down and kill you.
PRO	6	27	gzh2	figs-rquestion		0	Can a man carry a fire against his chest without burning his clothes?	This action would be very dangerous and would cause harm. The implied answer to the question is “no.” Alternate translation: “Every man who carries a fire in his chest will burn his clothes.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO	6	27	sew8			0	without burning	“without destroying” or “and not destroy”
PRO	6	27	pt18	figs-metonymy		0	his clothes	His clothes stand for him as a whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	6	28	r98z	figs-rquestion		0	Can a man walk on hot coals without scorching his feet?	Walking on hot coals will scorch a person’s feet, so the implied answer is “no.” Alternate translation: “Every man who walks on hot coals will have scorched feet.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO	6	28	tw8h	figs-metaphor		0	walk on hot coals	This stands for committing adultery. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	6	28	fy6m			0	walk	That is to slowly walk a long distance, without using tricks or magic.
PRO	6	28	kf2l			0	scorching	“burning”
PRO	6	29	gh7k	figs-euphemism		0	the man who goes in to his neighbor’s wife	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “the man who has sexual relations with his neighbor’s wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
PRO	6	30	fwq5			0	despise a thief	“do not regard a thief with contempt” or “do not think a thief is evil”
PRO	6	31	n1t7	figs-activepassive		0	if he is caught	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if someone catches him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	6	31	b9ns	figs-idiom		0	in his house	This figure of speech is saying that everything in his house is all that he owns. Alternate translation: “that he owns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	6	32	s8mh			0	The one	“The person” or “The man”
PRO	6	33	m2lu			0	what he deserves	“the appropriate punishment for what he has done”
PRO	6	33	t99k	figs-metonymy		0	his disgrace	This figure of speech is using the term “disgrace” to refer to the feeling of him acting shamefully. Alternate translation: “the memory of his shameful act” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	6	33	c8nh	figs-litotes		0	will not be wiped away	This figure of speech is using the negative “will not be wiped away” to refer to it always being there. Alternate translation: “will always remain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
PRO	6	34	lyk4			0	furious	very angry
PRO	6	34	qsy2	figs-litotes		0	he will show no mercy	The “he” is the neighbor whose wife has committed adultery with another man. Alternate translation: “he will not limit the pain he will cause you” or “he will hurt you as much as he can” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
PRO	6	34	rc71			0	when he takes his revenge	“in the moment of his revenge” or “when the moment arrives when he can take his revenge”
PRO	6	34	tk3n			0	takes his revenge	If a person takes revenge, it is to cause hurt to the person who hurt him first.
PRO	6	35	b2ym			0	compensation	payment by one who does wrong to the person to whom he has done wrong
PRO	6	35	fly2	figs-activepassive		0	he cannot be bought off	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you cannot pay him enough money to change his mind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	6	35	pc8x			0	off, though	“off. This will be true even if”
PRO	7	intro	pk5f			0		# Proverbs 07 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 7 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Parallelism<br><br>Proverbs are often written without any surrounding context and in two lines of text. Each line will have a certain relationship to the other line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])<br><br>Many of the proverbs are stated as promises or commands, but they are intended to be advice.<br><br>### My Son<br><br>Occasionally the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males, but is still given in the context of a father warning his son.<br><br>### Adulteress<br><br>This chapter continues the theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her.
PRO	7	1	at6w	figs-metaphor		0	keep my words	Here keeping represents obeying. Alternate translation: “obey my words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	7	1	k635	figs-metaphor		0	store up my commands within yourself	Here God’s commands are spoken of as if they were objects that someone could put into a storeroom. Alternate translation: “memorize my commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	7	2	a8m4	figs-metaphor		0	keep my instruction	Here keeping represents obeying. Alternate translation: “obey my instructions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	7	2	xfb2	figs-idiom		0	as the apple of your eye	The apple of the eye is the pupil inside the eye, which people normally instinctively protect when an object flies at their face. Here “the apple of the eye” represents whatever a person values and protects the most. Alternate translation: “as your most valuable possession” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	7	3	g5jv	figs-metaphor		0	Tie them on your fingers	This could mean: (1) that the writer wanted his son to engrave certain commands from God on a ring and wear it, or (2) that the writer wanted his son to always remember God’s commands, as if he always wore a certain ring. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	7	3	c4yy	figs-metaphor		0	write them on the tablet of your heart	Here the heart represents a person’s mind, and remembering something well is spoken of as if the person were writing it on a stone tablet. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:3](../03/03.md). Alternate translation: “remember my commands well as if you were writing them in stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	7	4	jn44	figs-personification		0	Say to wisdom, “You are my sister	Here wisdom is spoken of as if it were a person. Alternate translation: “Value wisdom as you would love your sister” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	7	4	z4x8	figs-personification		0	call understanding your kinsman	Here the quality of understanding is spoken of as if it were a kinsman or relative. Alternate translation: “treat understanding as you would treat your kinsman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	7	4	j17k			0	kinsman	“relative” or “family member”
PRO	7	5	xkl2			0	the adulterous woman	This refers to any woman to whom a man is not married. Alternate translation: “the woman whom you should have nothing to do with”
PRO	7	5	y9gh			0	the immoral woman	This refers to any woman who is not known to a man.
PRO	7	5	s251			0	with her smooth words	Words intended to deceive are spoken of as if they were smooth objects. Alternate translation: “who says pleasant things, but wants to deceive you”
PRO	7	6	v7n1			0	lattice	a covering over a window made of thin strips of wood that cross one another in a slanted pattern that forms square-shaped openings in the pattern
PRO	7	7	ie51			0	naive	inexperienced or immature
PRO	7	8	i1kl			0	her corner	Here “her” refers to any female stranger, as referred to in [Proverbs 7:5](../07/05.md). She was standing at a certain corner, waiting for a suitable man to pass by. Alternate translation: “the corner where a female stranger was standing”
PRO	7	8	v7v4			0	corner	This refers to where two roads meet.
PRO	7	9	zn5n			0	twilight	the time of day when it is getting darker and about to become night
PRO	7	10	bu68	figs-metaphor		0	with a false heart	Here “heart” represents intentions or plans. Alternate translation: “she planned to deceive someone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	7	11	vkd8			0	She was loud and wayward	“She talked loudly and acted in the ways she wished to”
PRO	7	11	es4s	figs-synecdoche		0	her feet did not stay at home	The phrase “her feet” represent the woman. Alternate translation: “she did not stay at home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	7	12	h64f	figs-metaphor		0	she waited in ambush	Here the woman is spoken of as if she were preparing to physically trap a person or an animal. Also, the idea of trapping someone here represents persuading someone to commit sin. Alternate translation: “she waited to trap someone” or “she waited to find someone she could persuade to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	7	13	l1ic			0	she	the woman who was introduced in [Proverbs 7:10](./10.md)
PRO	7	13	sa2m			0	grabbed him	“took hold of him firmly”
PRO	7	13	vef7	figs-idiom		0	with a strong face	Here “strong” represents “stubborn.” A “strong face” means a stubborn expression on a person’s face. This implies that the woman is acting in a stubborn way, that she is deliberately doing what she knows is wrong. Alternate translation: “with a shameless expression on her face” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	7	14	ei2g	figs-metonymy		0	I paid my vows	Here “vows” represents what the person promised to sacrifice to God. Alternate translation: “I made the sacrifices I promised to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	7	15	fys2	figs-synecdoche		0	seek your face	Here “face” represents the person and especially the person’s presence. Alternate translation: “look for you” or “find out where you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	7	17	g7k4			0	sprinkled my bed with	“scattered on my bed”
PRO	7	17	ibk7			0	aloes	A type of wood from a tree that smells good.
PRO	7	17	q1mx			0	cinnamon	This is a spice made from the bark of a tree that smells and tastes good.
PRO	7	18	h91x	figs-metaphor		0	let us drink our fill of love	Here the pleasures of romantic love are spoken of as if they were something good to drink. Alternate translation: “let us make love to each other as much as we want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	7	19	vc42			0	is not at his house	“is not at home”
PRO	7	20	zw96			0	full moon	The moon is said to be full when it is a perfectly round disk, shining at its brightest.
PRO	7	21	ptg3	figs-metaphor		0	she turned him	To persuade someone to act in a certain way is spoken of as if it were changing the direction that person was walking. Alternate translation: “she persuaded him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	7	21	ev91			0	her … she … him	The female is the married woman who wants to sleep with “him,” the young man.
PRO	7	21	l3nt	figs-metonymy		0	smooth lips	Here “lips” represents what a person says. When a person flatters someone else by saying things that are not sincere, these words are spoken of as if they were a smooth object. Alternate translation: “flattering, deceiving words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	7	21	c6k6			0	she misled him	“she persuaded him to do something evil” Alternate translation: “she convinced him to sin with her”
PRO	7	22	rvi9	figs-explicit		0	He went after her suddenly	This seems to imply that the young man took very little time to think about what he should do. Alternate translation: “He quickly decided to go after her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	7	22	tal5	figs-simile		0	like an ox going to slaughter … a deer caught in a trap	The naive and unsuspecting way the young man follows the adulteress is compared to the way two animals are unaware of the danger they are in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	7	22	pk4m			0	slaughter	This refers to killing an animal in order to eat its meat.
PRO	7	22	qrn6			0	deer	See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 5:19](../05/19.md).
PRO	7	23	r6zr	figs-simile		0	like a bird rushing into a snare	The naive and unsuspecting way the young man follows the adulteress is compared to the way an animal is unaware of the danger he is in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	7	23	t5u4	figs-explicit		0	until an arrow pierces through its liver	This passage implies that a hunter has trapped the deer in order to shoot it with arrows. Alternate translation: “until a hunter shoots it in its most important part” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	7	23	i4e6			0	liver	Here this organ represents a very important part of the deer’s body.
PRO	7	23	zvp5	figs-idiom		0	it would cost his life	This is a way of saying that this person will die as a result. Alternate translation: “it would kill him” or “he would die soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	7	24	wen3			0	Now	This is to focus the attention of the speaker’s sons on the conclusion of this lesson.
PRO	7	25	gk8c	figs-metaphor		0	May your heart not turn aside onto her paths	Here “ways” means the paths that a person chooses to walk on. It represents the person’s behavior, the things that he decides to do in life. Alternate translation: “Make your heart stay far away from the ways of the adulterous woman” or “Do not let your heart want to do the things that the adulterous woman does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	7	25	wm1h	figs-synecdoche		0	your heart	Here “heart” represents a person, emphasizing his desires. Alternate translation: “you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	7	25	l3s9	figs-parallelism		0	do not be led astray onto her paths	This means the same as the sentence before it. It strengthens the first warning. Alternate translation: “do not leave the right path in order to go on her paths” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO	7	26	xx9k	figs-metonymy		0	She has caused many people to fall down pierced	Being pierced by spears or arrows represents being killed. Alternate translation: “She has caused many people to fall dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	7	27	g21s			0	Her house is on the paths to Sheol … they go down	Here “paths” represents the kinds of behavior that foolish people participate in. Sheol was the name for the world of the dead.
PRO	7	27	ry42	figs-parallelism		0	on the paths to Sheol … down to the dark bedrooms of death	These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize that the woman’s victims will be destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO	7	27	prr1	figs-metaphor		0	the dark bedrooms of death	This expression pictures the dead as sleeping in many different rooms in Sheol. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	8	intro	z8jj			0		# Proverbs 08 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 8 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine. These chapters operate more as a unit then many of the following chapters in this book.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Wisdom calls out<br><br>The addressee of this chapter is broader than “my son,” but is personal like the previous chapters’ use of “my son.” In this case, Wisdom is calling out for all to come and learn of her, in contrast to the adulteress mentioned in chapters 5-7. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
PRO	8	1	qsc7	figs-personification		0	General Information:	In chapter 8 wisdom is spoken of as a woman who teaches people how to be wise. Many verses in chapter 8 have parallelisms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO	8	1	v9h5	figs-rquestion		0	Does not Wisdom call out?	This question is used to remind the readers of something they should already know. Alternate translation: “Wisdom calls out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO	8	1	i9hu	figs-personification		0	Does not Wisdom call out?	Here wisdom is imagined as a woman. If a language does not allow this kind of metaphor, other possible translations are: (1) “Is not wisdom like a woman who calls out?” (2) “Does not a woman named Wisdom call out?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	8	1	pt6p	figs-rquestion		0	Does not Understanding raise her voice?	Here “Understanding” means the same as “Wisdom.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO	8	1	k4ug			0	raise her voice	“speak”
PRO	8	3	z73y			0	the gates at the entrance into the city	In ancient times, cities usually had outer walls with gates in them.
PRO	8	3	nkc9	figs-personification		0	she calls out	This continues to refer to Wisdom, personified as a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	8	4	gv2w			0	General Information:	Wisdom speaks to the people in verses 4-36.
PRO	8	4	jxm5	figs-metonymy		0	my voice is for the sons of mankind	Here “voice” represents the words that are spoken. Alternate translation: “my words are for the sons of mankind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	8	4	j5l1	figs-metonymy		0	the sons of mankind	This is metonymy representing all human beings. Alternate translation: “all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	8	5	er9q			0	naive	inexperienced or immature
PRO	8	5	t3h2	figs-abstractnouns		0	learn wisdom	The abstract word “wisdom’ refers to what a wise person believes and to the way in which he acts. Alternate translation: “learn how a wise person acts” or “learn what it means to be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	8	5	bg5r			0	you must get an understanding mind	“you must begin to understand things with your mind”
PRO	8	6	uv73	figs-synecdoche		0	when my lips open	Here “lips” represents a person’s mouth, with which he speaks. Alternate translation: “when I open my mouth to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	8	6	a3zk			0	upright	proper or just
PRO	8	7	s9bj	figs-synecdoche		0	my mouth speaks	Here “mouth” represents a person who speaks. Alternate translation: “I speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	8	7	f6mp			0	what is trustworthy	“what people should believe”
PRO	8	7	juy2	figs-synecdoche		0	wickedness is disgusting to my lips	Here “lips” represents a person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “wickedness is disgusting to me” or “saying wicked things would be disgusting to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	8	7	hz9e	figs-abstractnouns		0	wickedness	Here the abstract noun “wickedness” represents wicked speech. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	8	8	am3k	figs-synecdoche		0	the words of my mouth	The “mouth” stands for the person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “The things I teach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	8	8	btx5	figs-metaphor		0	nothing twisted	Twisting a message is a metaphor for changing a true message into a false one. Alternate translation: “nothing false” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	8	9	nn5r			0	straight	honest and clear
PRO	8	9	jyh4	figs-metonymy		0	my words are upright for those who find knowledge	This probably means that those who find knowledge will easily understand that the speaker’s words are upright. Here “words” represent a message or teaching. Alternate translation: “those who know what is right and what is wrong consider what I teach to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	8	9	f1c2			0	upright	true and honest
PRO	8	10	w8ks			0	Acquire my instruction rather than silver	“You should try much harder to understand my instructions than to get silver”
PRO	8	11	wl6p	figs-quotations		0	For Wisdom is better than jewels; no treasure is equal to her	Here Wisdom, personified as a woman, is not speaking. However, it is possible to make Wisdom the speaker here as well. Alternate translation: “For I, Wisdom, am better than jewels; no treasure is equal to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
PRO	8	12	mj24	figs-personification		0	I, Wisdom, live with Prudence	Prudence is also represented here as a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	8	12	b8xj			0	Prudence	caution or good judgment
PRO	8	12	jk94	figs-abstractnouns		0	I possess knowledge and discretion	The abstract ideas “knowledge” and “discrete” can be expressed in other ways. Alternate translation: “I am knowledgeable and discreet” or “I know many things, and I am careful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	8	12	xcu8			0	discretion	being careful about what we say and do; being cautious not to cause hurt or harm to others
PRO	8	13	rf21			0	perverted speech	“wicked talk”
PRO	8	13	gp8g			0	perverted	turned from what is right
PRO	8	14	cnc2			0	good advice	“wise suggestions”
PRO	8	14	guc9			0	advice	counsel that is given to help someone
PRO	8	14	sne9			0	sound	good, reliable
PRO	8	14	w3ju	figs-personification		0	I am insight	Here Wisdom is spoken of as if she were insight. Alternate translation: “I have insight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	8	16	hg7e			0	nobles	noblemen, leading members of important families in the nation
PRO	8	17	xz9h			0	love	This refers to brotherly love or love for a friend or family member. This is natural human love between friends or relatives.
PRO	8	17	e3jr			0	diligently	with careful and continued effort
PRO	8	18	k7hf			0	With me are riches and honor	“I have riches and honor”
PRO	8	18	a275	grammar-connect-words-phrases		0	lasting wealth and righteousness	This explains what is meant by “riches and honor.” This can be made clear with the connecting statement “therefore.” Alternate translation: “therefore, I will give lasting wealth and righteousness to those who find me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
PRO	8	18	q481			0	righteousness	“the ability to live in a right way”
PRO	8	19	eyc2			0	My fruit	what wisdom produces or causes
PRO	8	19	rqy3			0	my produce	the benefit or gain that wisdom causes
PRO	8	20	tks1	figs-metaphor		0	I walk in the path of righteousness	Living the right way is spoken of as walking on the right road. Alternate translation: “I live right” or “I do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	8	20	rg74	figs-metaphor		0	in the midst of the paths of justice	This tells more of what is meant by “the path of righteousness.” Alternate translation: “I do what is perfectly just” or “I only do what is just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	8	21	mg4q	figs-metaphor		0	treasuries	storehouses for valuable things. Wisdom is spoken of as a woman who fills the storehouses of her followers with valuable things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	8	22	xu3p			0	the first of his deeds then	“I was the first of the things he created then”
PRO	8	23	mh2d			0	In ages long ago	“Very long ago”
PRO	8	23	v4tq			0	ages	The word “age” refers to a general, extended period of time.
PRO	8	23	mth7	figs-abstractnouns		0	from the beginnings of the earth	The idea of beginnings can be translated in a less abstract way. Alternate translation: “from when God created the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	8	24	ii7e	figs-personification		0	General Information:	Wisdom continues to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	8	25	u2m1	figs-activepassive		0	Before the mountains were settled	“Before the bases of the mountains were put into place.” This can also be put into active form. Alternate translation: “Before God made the foundations of the mountains and put them into their proper places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	8	26	z5y4	figs-personification		0	I was born	This is wisdom speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	8	26	asn5			0	was born	“I was alive”
PRO	8	27	nk15	figs-personification		0	I was there	This is wisdom speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	8	27	z8lx			0	established	To establish something is to bring into being on a stable basis. Alternate translation: “created” or “made”
PRO	8	27	b5db	figs-explicit		0	when he drew a circle on the surface of the deep	This refers to setting a limit to how far someone in a ship at sea can see all around himself. Alternate translation: “when he marked on the ocean’s surface how far a person at sea can see in every direction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	8	27	ae6e			0	the deep	“the ocean”
PRO	8	28	q6zz	figs-personification		0	General Information:	Wisdom continues to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	8	28	wnj8			0	established	brought into permanent being
PRO	8	28	z2v2	figs-activepassive		0	when the springs in the deep became fixed	This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “when God fixed the springs in the deep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	8	28	zv8f			0	the springs in the deep	The ancient Hebrews thought that the ocean got its water from springs at the bottom of the sea.
PRO	8	29	pd76			0	when he made his limit for the sea	“when he created the shorelines for the oceans. The “limit for the sea” divided the oceans from the dry land.
PRO	8	29	vk7f			0	when there was set the limit for the foundations of the dry land	The Hebrew word for “earth” also often means “land.”
PRO	8	29	f3j9	figs-activepassive		0	when there was set the limit for the foundations of the dry land	This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “when God set the limit for the foundations of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	8	30	ph2f	figs-personification		0	I was beside him	This is still wisdom speaking. Wisdom now says she was right next to Yahweh, implying that she was his assistant in creating the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	8	30	ky7x			0	skilled craftsman	This is a person who has trained for years to make useful things very well, like furniture or houses.
PRO	8	30	k4ct	figs-abstractnouns		0	I was his delight	“I was what made him happy.” The word “delight” is an abstract noun that can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he was happy because of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	8	30	a22n	figs-idiom		0	day after day	This is a way to express the idea of a habitual action or of a continuous condition. Alternate translation: “continually” or “the whole time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	8	31	pw91			0	his whole world	“the whole world he created” or “everything he created”
PRO	8	31	wnq9	figs-idiom		0	the sons of mankind	This refers to human beings in general. Alternate translation: “the people he brought into existence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	8	32	ly1a			0	Now	This is to focus the attention of the children to the conclusion of this lesson.
PRO	8	32	hwt3	figs-personification		0	listen to me	This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	8	32	m6ib	figs-metaphor		0	those who keep my ways	Here “my ways” represents wisdom’s behavior. Alternate translation: “those who do what I teach” or “the people who follow my example” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	8	33	ky6l	figs-litotes		0	do not neglect	“do not disregard” Alternate translation: “be sure to pay attention to” or “be sure to follow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
PRO	8	34	i55j	figs-parallelism		0	watching every day at my doors, waiting beside the posts of my doors	These two phrases basically mean the same thing. Wisdom is described as having a home; possible meanings of **watching** are: (1) a wise person waits outside wisdom’s home in the morning in order to serve her, or (2) a wise person waits outside wisdom’s house for her to come and teach him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO	8	35	z6lm	figs-personification		0	finds me	This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	8	36	hfn9	figs-personification		0	hate me	This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	8	36	yl6t	figs-explicit		0	he who fails	The complete thought is, “he who fails to find me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	8	36	w73k	figs-metonymy		0	his own life	Here “life” represents the person’s self. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	9	intro	y75r			0		# Proverbs 09 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 9 concludes a collection of proverbs that operate as a unit about wisdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Wisdom calls out<br><br>The addressee of chapters 8 and 9 is broader than “my son,” but is personal like the previous chapters’ use of “my son.” In this case, Wisdom is calling out for all to come and learn of her.
PRO	9	1	m12a	figs-personification		0	General Information:	These verses begin a parable in which wisdom is imagined to be a woman who is giving good advice to people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	9	1	s64d	figs-personification		0	Wisdom has built	The writer speaks about wisdom as if it were a woman who has built her own house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	9	2	x5sw	figs-metonymy		0	She has slaughtered her animals	This refers to animals whose meat will be eaten in the dinner that Wisdom will give. Alternate translation: “She has killed the animals for meat at dinner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	9	2	ywr6	figs-explicit		0	mixed her wine	In ancient Israel, people often mixed wine with water. Alternate translation: “prepared her wine by mixing it with water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	9	2	h2zm			0	she has set her table	“she has prepared her table”
PRO	9	3	p6e2	figs-personification		0	General Information:	These verses begin to give the message of Wisdom, who is personified as a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	9	3	akl3			0	She has sent out her maids	These maids went out and invited people to come to the feast that Wisdom had prepared.
PRO	9	3	ugn5			0	her maids	Young women or girls who are in the service of a respectable, adult woman, such as Wisdom.
PRO	9	3	n6ha			0	she calls out	“she proclaims” or “she summons” Alternate translation: “she loudly recites her invitation”
PRO	9	3	x798			0	the highest points of the city	The invitation is shouted from the highest points so that it will be best heard by all the people.
PRO	9	4	h6sj			0	Who is naive? Let … the one lacking good sense	These two phrases describe the same group of people, those who need more wisdom in their lives. Here the question is addressed to all such people. Alternate translation: “Anyone who is naive, let … anyone lacking good sense”
PRO	9	4	dj7m			0	is naive	“is inexperienced or immature”
PRO	9	4	s4da			0	turn aside here	“leave his path and come into my house”
PRO	9	5	h6ck			0	General Information:	These verses continue the message of Wisdom.
PRO	9	5	n3eu	figs-you		0	Come … eat … drink	All of these commands are plural; Wisdom is addressing many people at the same time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
PRO	9	5	stm9	figs-explicit		0	the wine I have mixed	In ancient Israel, people often mixed wine with water. Alternate translation: “prepared her wine by mixing it with water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	9	6	b9ma	figs-you		0	Leave … live … walk	All of these commands are plural; Wisdom is addressing many people at the same time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
PRO	9	6	ejw3	figs-metaphor		0	Leave your naive actions	Here naive actions are spoken of as if they were a place that a person could leave. Alternate translation: “Stop your naive behavior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	9	6	f53k			0	naive actions	“inexperienced, immature actions”
PRO	9	6	lpn8	figs-metaphor		0	the path of understanding	Here the process of understanding wisdom is spoken of as if it were a path that a person could follow. Alternate translation: “the manner of living that a wise person has” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	9	7	x5sc			0	General Information:	These verses continue the message of Wisdom.
PRO	9	7	vif7	figs-parallelism		0	Whoever disciplines … whoever rebukes	These two phrases basically say the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO	9	7	kjm2			0	a mocker	Someone who habitually mocks people. Alternate translation: “someone who says insulting things about other people” or “someone who likes to make other people look bad”
PRO	9	7	m22a			0	receives abuse	“receives harsh treatment”
PRO	9	7	g88g			0	whoever rebukes	“whoever corrects”
PRO	9	8	fpc4			0	Do not reprove	“Do not correct”
PRO	9	9	c8r2			0	Give to a wise person, and he … teach a righteous person, and he	These two commands actually represent conditional statements. Alternate translation: “If you give to a wise person, he … if you teach a righteous person, he”
PRO	9	9	y95j	figs-parallelism		0	Give to a wise person … teach a righteous person	These two phrases basically say the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO	9	9	n1f2	figs-explicit		0	Give to a wise person	This refers to giving instruction to a wise person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	9	10	s7rg			0	General Information:	These verses finish the message of Wisdom.
PRO	9	10	l6yl			0	The fear of Yahweh	See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 1:7](../01/07.md).
PRO	9	11	uv8i	figs-activepassive		0	through me your days will be multiplied	This may be put into active form. Alternate translation: “I will multiply your days” or “I will cause you to live many more days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	9	11	wpx5	figs-personification		0	through me	Wisdom, personified as a woman, continues to speak here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	9	11	rk9c	figs-parallelism		0	your days will be multiplied, and years of life will be added to you	These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are used to emphasize the great benefits wisdom has. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO	9	11	u5qf	figs-metaphor		0	years of life will be added to you	Wisdom speaks of years of life as if they were physical objects. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will add years of life to you” or “I will add years to your life” or “I will enable you to live longer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	9	12	z3ez			0	If you are wise … and if you mock	These two statements seem to mean that wise people gain advantages for themselves because of their wisdom, and mockers suffer because of their behavior.
PRO	9	12	zei6	figs-metaphor		0	you will carry it	This speaks of the consequence of one’s bad behavior as if it were a heavy load that one had to carry on his back. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	9	13	q38d	figs-personification		0	General Information:	These verses begin to describe foolishness, which is also personified as a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	9	13	ix9a	figs-personification		0	The woman of foolishness	It is possible to translate “foolishness” as a description such as “A foolish woman.” However, if a language allows wisdom to be personified, as in the previous part of this chapter, it may also allow foolishness to be personified. Alternate translation: “The woman Foolishness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	9	13	lbv9	figs-parallelism		0	she is untaught and knows nothing	These two expressions basically mean the same thing, which is repeated to show how useless the foolish woman is. Alternate translation: “she does not know anything at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO	9	13	tk38			0	she is untaught	“she has not learned from experience” or “she is young and naive”
PRO	9	15	cqd1	figs-idiom		0	walking straight on their way	This seems to be an idiom for “thinking only of their own affairs” or “minding their own business.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	9	16	ck1n			0	is naive	“is inexperienced or immature”
PRO	9	16	rs92			0	turn aside here	“leave his path and come here”
PRO	9	16	zyq4			0	she says	This is the foolish woman who was introduced in [Proverbs 9:13](./13.md).
PRO	9	16	lfx9			0	those who have no sense	“those who do not have wisdom” or “those who are not wise”
PRO	9	17	jsi6	figs-metaphor		0	Stolen waters are sweet, and bread of secrecy is delicious	The foolish woman speaks of the pleasure of stolen waters and bread of secrecy to tell men that if they sleep with her, they will have pleasure. This can be stated clearly in a simile: “You can enjoy me just as you enjoy water that you have stolen or bread that is secret” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	9	18	kg4h			0	that the dead are there	“that the men who have gone to her are now dead”
PRO	9	18	k1fh			0	in the depths of Sheol	“Sheol” refers to the world of the dead.
PRO	10	intro	fhy5			0		# Proverbs 10 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 10 starts a new section of the book, which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, and wicked/righteous. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO	10	1	i2yb	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Many verses in Chapter 10 are contrasting parallelisms (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO	10	1	tab7			0	The proverbs of Solomon	After the introduction of Chapters 1-9, Chapter 10 begins the collection of the proverbs; short sayings that teach wisdom.
PRO	10	2	ffz8			0	accumulated	acquired over time
PRO	10	3	df3m	figs-synecdoche		0	Yahweh does not let the soul of the righteous person go hungry	Here “soul” refers to the person. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh makes sure those who do what is right have food to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
PRO	10	4	e3ef	figs-metonymy		0	A lazy hand	“Hand” represents the strength and ability of a person. Alternate translation: “A person unwilling to work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	10	4	yly7	figs-metonymy		0	hand of the diligent	“Hand” represents the strength and ability of a person. Alternate translation: “person who works hard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	10	6	k7j2	figs-idiom		0	are upon the head	The “head” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “are given to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	10	6	y4mb	figs-metonymy		0	mouth of the wicked	The “mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “words the wicked speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	10	6	k4dp			0	covers up	hides the truth
PRO	10	7	e1w8	figs-metonymy		0	name	The word “name” represents a person’s reputation. Alternate translation: “memory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	10	8	e725			0	come to ruin	“be destroyed” or “be made useless”
PRO	10	9	ps6l			0	crooked	not straight; deformed; dishonest; deceitful
PRO	10	10	mi1k	translate-symaction		0	He who winks the eye	“Winking the eye” represents a secretive sign for being cruel to someone else. Alternate translation: “He who makes a signal with a gesture” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
PRO	10	10	p957	figs-metaphor		0	will be thrown down	A person who is ruined is spoken of as if he were thrown down. Alternate translation: “others will ruin him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	10	11	f47s	figs-metonymy		0	The mouth of the righteous	Here “mouth” represents what a persons says. Alternate translation: “The speech of a righteous person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	10	11	tv58	figs-genericnoun		0	the righteous	This refers to righteous people in general. Alternate translation: “righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
PRO	10	11	h2ny	figs-metaphor		0	is a water spring of life	This person’s speech is spoken of as if it preserved living animals or people, as a water spring would do in a dry land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	10	11	bz8g	figs-metaphor		0	the mouth of the wicked covers up violence	That is, the wicked person appears to say harmless things, but plans to violent things against other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	10	11	elp1	figs-metonymy		0	the mouth of the wicked	Here “mouth” represents what a persons says. Alternate translation: “the speech of a wicked person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	10	11	jt58	figs-genericnoun		0	the wicked	This refers to wicked people in general. Alternate translation: “wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
PRO	10	12	ph1a	figs-personification		0	love covers over	Love acts like a person who quiets trouble between people instead of stirring it up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	10	13	n8pk	figs-metonymy		0	on the lips of a discerning person	“Lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “in what a sensible person says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	10	13	ww93	figs-metonymy		0	a rod is for the back	“Rod” represents strong, physical punishment and “the back” represents the person who receives the punishment. Alternate translation: “a person who has no sense needs forceful punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	10	14	ej72	figs-metonymy		0	the mouth of a fool	“Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “the words from a foolish person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	10	15	fd3s	figs-metaphor		0	his fortified city	This represents wealth as a safe place. Alternate translation: “his safety” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	10	16	im19	figs-metaphor		0	The wage … the profit	These terms normally refer to the money a worker earns. Here they represents the results of either doing what is right or doing what is wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	10	17	k6n3			0	There is a path to life for the one who follows discipline	“The person who obeys wise instruction will have a long and happy life”
PRO	10	17	st2j	figs-activepassive		0	but the one who rejects correction is led astray	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but the one who does not obey wise instruction will not have a good life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	10	18	d6bj	figs-metonymy		0	has lying lips	“Lips” represent what a person says. Alternate translation: “tells lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	10	19	zc3a	figs-litotes		0	transgression is not lacking	This phrase uses a negative to emphasize a positive idea. Alternate translation: “there is much sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
PRO	10	20	h1pz	figs-metonymy		0	The tongue of the righteous person	“Tongue” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “Whatever a righteous person says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	10	20	pvj4	figs-metaphor		0	is pure silver	“Silver” represents valuable sayings. Alternate translation: “is extremely valuable” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	10	21	h4rr	figs-metonymy		0	The lips of the righteous	“Lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “The sayings of a righteous man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	10	21	kp6k			0	nourish	cause them to develop or grow stronger
PRO	10	23	l951	figs-metaphor		0	Wickedness is a game a fool plays	A game is an activity people do for pleasure. Alternate translation: “Fools find pleasure in wickedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	10	24	xai5			0	overtake	overcome someone
PRO	10	25	ci43	figs-simile		0	The wicked are like the storm	Just as storm comes and sweeps everything away so wicked people will disappear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	10	25	v58h	figs-metaphor		0	is a foundation that lasts forever	“Foundation” represents the base or a beginning of something that people build over. Alternate translation: “is a start for something that lasts forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	10	26	fk5l	figs-simile		0	Like vinegar on the teeth and smoke in the eyes, so is the sluggard to those who send him	“Vinegar” and “smoke” represent things that hurt a person’s teeth and eyes. Alternate translation: “Sending a lazy person to accomplish a task is irritating and unpleasant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	10	26	i1xh			0	vinegar	a sour liquid used to flavor or preserve foods
PRO	10	27	rv8w	figs-metaphor		0	the years of the wicked	“Years” represent the time a person lives. Alternate translation: “the lifetime of the evil person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	10	28	pds2	figs-metaphor		0	the years of wicked people	Here “years” represent the time a person lives. Alternate translation: “the lifetime of the evil person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	10	30	ub25	figs-litotes		0	will never be overthrown	This can be stated as active and positive: Alternate translation: “will be secure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	10	31	f7hy	figs-metonymy		0	Out of the mouth of the righteous person	“Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “From the righteous man’s words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	10	31	amx2	figs-metonymy		0	the perverse tongue will be cut out	“Tongue” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “God will shut the mouths of people who say what is false” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	10	32	y79y	figs-metonymy		0	lips of the righteous person know what is acceptable	“Lips” represent what a person says. Alternate translation: “righteous person knows how to speak acceptably” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	10	32	ay8q	figs-metonymy		0	mouth of the wicked	“Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “the words of the wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	11	intro	uk6v			0		# Proverbs 11 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 11 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO	11	1	hzq7	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Many verses in Chapter 11 are contrasting parallelisms (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO	11	1	g3jt	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh hates scales that are not accurate	“Scales” represent measuring accurately in negotiating. Alternate translation: “God hates deceiving scales” or “God hates it when people are deceitful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	11	1	pe2q			0	but he delights in a precise weight	“Precise weight” represents accuracy in negotiating. Alternate translation: “but he delights in honest ways” or “but he is happy when people are honest”
PRO	11	3	rj24	figs-nominaladj		0	the treacherous	This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “treacherous people” or “those who are treacherous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PRO	11	4	r538	figs-explicit		0	Wealth is worthless on the day of wrath	The “day of wrath” represents a specific event, such as the “day of Yahweh” or “judgment day” or “last days.” Alternate translation: “A person’s wealth will do him no good when God comes to judge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	11	5	lc4r			0	makes his way straight	“has clear direction”
PRO	11	5	vhe9	figs-nominaladj		0	the wicked	This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “those who are wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PRO	11	6	v49j	figs-nominaladj		0	the treacherous	This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “those who are treacherous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PRO	11	6	b5vy			0	the treacherous are trapped by their cravings	“those who do evil are captured by their passions”
PRO	11	6	rhq7			0	treacherous	ready to betray trust; traitorous; deceptive
PRO	11	7	dz8x			0	the hope that was in his strength	“the confidence he has in his own power”
PRO	11	7	zn33			0	comes to nothing	“disappears”
PRO	11	8	z4am	figs-activepassive		0	The righteous person is kept away from trouble	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God keeps away from trouble the person who does what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	11	8	u873			0	it comes	“trouble comes”
PRO	11	9	r7vl	figs-metonymy		0	With his mouth the godless	“Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “The words of the godless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	11	11	sim1	figs-metonymy		0	the city becomes great	“City” represents the community or people group. Alternate translation: “the people group prospers” or “the community becomes prosperous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	11	11	p4sd	figs-metonymy		0	by the mouth of the wicked	“Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “the words of evil people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	11	13	en2e	figs-metaphor		0	keeps a matter covered	“Covered” represents keeping things concealed as much as possible. Alternate translation: “does not tell” or “does not speak about the matter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	11	14	a9wq			0	advisors	those who give recommendations as a guide to action; counselors
PRO	11	15	j2ce			0	one who hates giving	“one who refuses to give”
PRO	11	16	bvh9			0	ruthless people	people without pity or compassion; cruel people
PRO	11	16	h7rd			0	grasp for wealth	“are greedy for wealth”
PRO	11	17	dxp9			0	one who	“a person who”
PRO	11	18	imr8	figs-metaphor		0	sows what is right	To “sow” represents spreading out to gain more. Alternate translation: “spreads out what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	11	18	ln8a	figs-metaphor		0	reaps the wages of truth	To “reap” represents acquiring or gathering in” Alternate translation: “will surely be rewarded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	11	19	ibb6			0	the one who	“the person who”
PRO	11	19	un2d			0	pursues evil	“chases after evil” or “seeks to do evil”
PRO	11	20	r5lt	figs-metonymy		0	whose hearts are perverse	“Heart” represents the feelings, attitudes and motivations of a person. Alternate translation: “who have wicked thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	11	21	gh2a	figs-litotes		0	will not go unpunished	This phrase uses a negative to emphasize a positive idea. Alternate translation: “will certainly be punished” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
PRO	11	22	y2me	figs-simile		0	Like a gold ring … without discretion	A beautiful woman without discretion is compared to a useless and unsuitable golden ring in a pig’s nose. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	11	22	fe2p			0	without discretion	“without common sense” or “who is foolish”
PRO	11	24	x29n	figs-metaphor		0	There is one who scatters—he will accumulate even more	This is a metaphor for a person who becomes more wealthy by being generous. Alternate translation: “Some people give freely to others and yet become more wealthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	11	24	v6x4	figs-explicit		0	one who scatters	You may need to make explicit that the person scatters seeds for crops to grow. Alternate translation: “one who scatters much seed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	11	24	gmp8			0	will accumulate even more	“will gain even more”
PRO	11	24	p1q7			0	withholds what he should give	This refers to a person who thinks that he can become rich by refusing to be generous.
PRO	11	25	q9vb			0	will prosper	“will gain more”
PRO	11	25	lf1i			0	the one who	“the generous person who” or “anyone who”
PRO	11	26	eb69			0	the man who refuses to sell	This describes the person who hoards his wealth instead of helping those in need.
PRO	11	26	h1qp	figs-metaphor		0	good gifts crown the head of him who sells it	“Crown” represents the reward or award for the person who is willing to sell grain. Alternate translation: “good gifts are given as a crown of honor to him who sells it” or “the person who sells it is honored with many blessings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	11	27	k6ug			0	The one who diligently seeks	the one who seeks with careful and continued effort
PRO	11	28	q218	figs-idiom		0	will fall	This is an idiom. Here “fall” represents destruction or failure. Alternate translation: “will be destroyed” or “awaits a bad future” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	11	28	p1e2	figs-simile		0	like the leaf, righteous people will flourish	“Leaf” represents growth and prosperity. Alternate translation: “righteous people will prosper in the same way a healthy green leaf grows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	11	28	mf6v			0	righteous people will flourish	This means that righteous people will thrive or prosper.
PRO	11	29	p1pb	figs-metaphor		0	inherit the wind	The “wind” is a metaphor for something that cannot be grasped or has no value. Alternate translation: “inherit nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	11	30	q7ul	figs-simile		0	The righteous person will be like a tree of life	A person who does what is right is compared to a tree that produces life as its fruit. Alternate translation: “Those who do right will bring life to themselves and others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	11	30	hlz7			0	tree of life	See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:18](../03/18.md).
PRO	11	31	s8p9			0	how much more	“even more so”
PRO	12	intro	x2lg			0		# Proverbs 12 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 12 continues the section of the book (Chapter 10-22) which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility and integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO	12	1	ktr2	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	The author uses [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] throughout this chapter. Verses 1-15 contrast wisdom and foolishness.
PRO	12	1	r7h6			0	Whoever	“Any person who”
PRO	12	1	tz7m			0	the one who hates correction	“the person who does not want to be told what to do”
PRO	12	1	nj5f			0	is stupid	“is foolish” or “is unwise”
PRO	12	3	nly2	figs-activepassive		0	A person cannot be established by wickedness	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “No one can become safe and secure by doing what is wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	12	3	md5p	figs-metaphor		0	cannot be uprooted	“Uprooted” represents being pulled out of the ground like a plant or a tree. This cannot happen to those who do right. Alternate translation: “are as stable as a tree with deep roots” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	12	4	wh4l	figs-metaphor		0	A worthy wife is her husband’s crown	A crown represents the greatest honor a person can receive. Alternate translation: “A good wife is a sign of great honor for her husband” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	12	4	ced6	figs-simile		0	she who brings shame is like a disease that rots his bones	A disease that rots the bones represents the spoiling of a person’s life. Alternate translation: “a wife’s shameful acts destroy her husband’s influence and happiness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	12	6	sw3s	figs-metaphor		0	The words of wicked people are an ambush waiting for a chance to kill	The deceitful things that wicked people say in order to harm other people are spoken of as if their words are waiting to kill someone by surprise. Alternate translation: “The deceitful things wicked people say are like a person who waits to kill someone by surprise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	12	6	n6s7			0	the words of the upright keep them safe	“the advice from an upright person keeps people safe”
PRO	12	6	au1h			0	the upright	“the righteous person” or “the honest person” or “the just person”
PRO	12	7	qw8f	figs-activepassive		0	Wicked people are overthrown	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will overthrow the wicked people” or “People will remove the wicked people from power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	12	7	t5c3	figs-metonymy		0	house	The term “house” is often used figuratively in the Bible to refer to a person’s ancestors, descendants or other relatives. Alternate translation: “family” or “descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	12	8	hfu6	figs-activepassive		0	A person is praised by how much wisdom he has	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will praise those who have wisdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	12	8	hq69	figs-activepassive		0	the one who makes perverse choices is despised	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will hate the one who always thinks evil thoughts” or “people will hate the one who takes good things and twists them into bad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	12	10	uxx4			0	is cruel	“causes suffering”
PRO	12	11	wl9h			0	worthless projects	“worthless plans” or “worthless tasks”
PRO	12	12	b6y1			0	the fruit	This refers to a person’s actions and thoughts. Just as fruit on a tree shows what kind of tree it is, in the same way a person’s words and actions reveal what his character is like.
PRO	12	13	ak1y	figs-metonymy		0	An evil person is trapped by his wicked talk	“Trapped” represents being caught in a snare or being tricked. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The wicked things an evil person says will trap him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	12	14	z5v9	figs-metonymy		0	just as the work of his hands rewards him	The phrase, “the work of his hands” represents work done by physical labor. Alternate translation: “just as the good work he does rewards him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	12	15	lr2l	figs-idiom		0	in his own eyes	This phrase represents the idea he has from his own observation, imagination or memory. Alternate translation: “in his own opinion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	12	15	wlp9			0	advice	wise suggestions
PRO	12	16	n8pr			0	is prudent	“is wise” or “has good sense.”
PRO	12	18	k26n	figs-simile		0	The words of one who speaks rashly are like the thrusts of a sword	The phrase, “thrusts of a sword” represents cruel words that hurt another. Alternate translation: “What a person says without thinking can hurt as much as if he stabbed with a sword” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	12	18	avt2	figs-metonymy		0	the tongue of the wise	“Tongue” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “what wise people say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	12	18	mpg6			0	brings healing	“comforts and heals”
PRO	12	19	wm6n	figs-metonymy		0	Truthful lips last forever	“Lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “A truthful person endures forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	12	19	r5ql	figs-metonymy		0	a lying tongue is only for a moment	“Tongue” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “the one who lies lasts only for a moment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	12	20	xs9w			0	advisors	those who give recommendations as a guide to action; counselors
PRO	12	21	d4zt	figs-litotes		0	No ill comes	The negative, “No” cancels out the idea of “ill” (bad things that happen). Alternate translation: “Good things come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
PRO	12	22	x3ha	figs-metonymy		0	Yahweh hates lying lips	“Lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “Yahweh detests those who tell lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	12	23	qi9m			0	conceals his knowledge	“does not tell everything he knows”
PRO	12	24	j53h	figs-metonymy		0	The hand of the diligent	“Hand” represents what a person does -- his works. Alternate translation: “Diligent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	12	24	ymw6	figs-metonymy		0	will be put to forced labor	“Forced labor” describes what a person must do who is not free to do what he wants. Alternate translation: “will become a slave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	12	25	qts2			0	Anxiety	uneasy feeling of fear or dread, worry
PRO	12	25	n82f	figs-metaphor		0	weighs him down	“Weighing down” represents the idea of putting a very heavy load on a person so he cannot move freely. This phrase means to make a person sad or depressed. Alternate translation: “causes him to become sad or depressed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	12	25	z6n9	figs-abstractnouns		0	but a good word makes him glad	The abstract noun “word” can be stated as the verb “speak.” Alternate translation: “but when others speak kindly to him, he is cheerful again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	12	27	gdt7			0	would not roast their own game	“Game” means animals caught and killed while hunting. And “roast” is a way of cooking food.
PRO	12	27	vz9v			0	precious wealth	“valuable treasure”
PRO	13	intro	nh7k			0		# Proverbs 13 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 13 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO	13	1	ugs5	figs-metonymy		0	A wise son hears	Here “hears” represents listening in order to do it. Alternate translation: “A wise son obeys” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	13	1	sy9c	figs-metonymy		0	will not listen to rebuke	Here “listen” represents paying attention in order to do it. Alternate translation: “will not learn from rebuke” or “will not obey, despite rebuke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	13	2	zu98	figs-metonymy		0	From the fruit of his mouth	Here “fruit” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “From the words of his mouth” or “From what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	13	2	w883			0	the appetite	the desire or liking for something
PRO	13	2	mgn1	figs-nominaladj		0	the treacherous	This nominal adjective can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “the treacherous person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PRO	13	3	xb3d	figs-metonymy		0	his mouth	Here “mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	13	3	bd6a	figs-metaphor		0	opens wide his lips	Opening the lips represents speaking, and opening them wide represents speaking too often or too much. Alternate translation: “speaks a lot” or “talks too much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	13	4	c7yc			0	The appetite … the appetite	See how you translated this in [Proverbs 13:2](../13/02.md).
PRO	13	4	z2sk			0	craves but gets nothing	“strongly desires but gets nothing”
PRO	13	4	rj8j	figs-activepassive		0	the appetite of diligent people will be richly satisfied	Here “appetite” represents desire. Alternate translation: “diligent people will have a richly satisfied life” or “being diligent will make people richly satisfied” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	13	4	z1wm			0	diligent people	people who work with careful and continued effort
PRO	13	5	i9t2			0	repugnant	causing a strong feeling of disgust
PRO	13	6	gt48	figs-personification		0	Righteousness protects those	“Righteousness” represents a way of life approved by Yahweh. This quality acts like a person who protects. Alternate translation: “A way of life approved by Yahweh protects” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	13	6	iac2	figs-metonymy		0	who are faultless in their path	Here “path” represents how a person directs his life. Alternate translation: “who are faultless in their way of living” or “who live lives of integrity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	13	6	r21h	figs-personification		0	wickedness turns away those who commit sin	Here “wickedness” represents an evil conduct of life. This quality acts like a person who turns away those who commit sin. Alternate translation: “wickedness turns sinners away from a successful path” or “wickedness ruins sinners’ lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	13	7	z16h			0	who enriches himself	“who makes himself rich”
PRO	13	8	mre8			0	does not hear a threat	This could mean: (1) no one will threaten to steal from him because he has nothing anyone would want to steal or (2) he will not listen when people correct him because he has nothing to lose if they punish him. Alternate translation: “does not listen to rebuke”
PRO	13	9	ev8k	figs-metaphor		0	The light of righteous people rejoices	Here the light represents the righteous person’s life or good behavior, and rejoicing represents causing people to rejoice. Alternate translation: “The life of a righteous person is like a light that causes people to rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	13	9	ibt9	figs-metaphor		0	the lamp of wicked people will be put out	Here the lamp represents the life or behavior of wicked people, and “be put out” is an idiom that means that a fire is stopped. The lamp being put out represents either the person dying or the person’s life not giving any joy. Alternate translation: “the lives of wicked people are like a lamp whose fire will be stopped” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	13	10	c8hy			0	Pride only breeds conflict	“Pride always causes conflict”
PRO	13	10	n32q			0	listen to	“heed” or “follow”
PRO	13	10	ujq3			0	good advice	suggestions that are helpful and profitable
PRO	13	11	u1q4			0	Wealth dwindles away	“Wealth decreases” or “Wealth slowly disappears”
PRO	13	11	i2l4	figs-metonymy		0	working with his hand	The phrase “working with his hand” refers to physical work instead of only mental or other types of work. Many people give physical work a low value. Alternate translation: “working with physical strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	13	11	j3nn	figs-metaphor		0	make his money grow	Money is compared to a tree that grows. Alternate translation: “make his money increase” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	13	12	v8h6	figs-metonymy		0	When hope is postponed	Here “hope” represents the thing a person hopes for. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When a person hopes for something but does not receive it for a very long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	13	12	gfi6	figs-idiom		0	it breaks the heart	Breaking a person’s heart represents overwhelming that person with sadness. Alternate translation: “it causes intense sadness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	13	12	k7pf	figs-metaphor		0	a longing fulfilled is a tree of life	Someone receiving what they hoped for and becoming very happy is spoken of as if the fulfillment of their hope were a tree that gives life. Alternate translation: “a longing fulfilled is like a tree of life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	13	12	isa3			0	tree of life	“a tree that gives life” or “a tree whose fruit sustains life.” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:18](../03/18.md).
PRO	13	13	a5vy	figs-activepassive		0	he who respects the commandment will be rewarded	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will reward the one who respects the command” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	13	14	uhi9	figs-metaphor		0	fountain of life	A fountain is a good source of water and here represents a source of life. Alternate translation: “a bountiful source of life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	13	14	h871	figs-metaphor		0	snares of death	Here “snares” represent dangers that will kill. Alternate translation: “traps that lead to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	13	15	r4vi	figs-metaphor		0	but the way of the treacherous is never-ending	Here a person’s behavior or conduct is spoken of as if it were a way or path that a person walks. A person being ruined by their own treachery is spoken of as if they are on a way or path that never ends. Alternate translation: “but the behavior of the treacherous will cause their own destruction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	13	15	up13	figs-nominaladj		0	the treacherous	This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “the treacherous person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PRO	13	16	g6vs	figs-metaphor		0	a fool parades his folly	To “parade” means to display in front of everyone. Alternate translation: “a fool displays his foolishness to everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	13	17	h4gr			0	falls into trouble	“is unreliable” or “does something evil”
PRO	13	17	pfh6			0	a faithful envoy	“a faithful messenger” or “a faithful diplomat”
PRO	13	18	m4d7	figs-abstractnouns		0	learns from correction	The abstract noun “correction” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “learns when someone corrects him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	13	19	h11i			0	is sweet	“is a delight” or “brings joy”
PRO	13	19	fv8k			0	the appetite	the desire or liking for something
PRO	13	20	k77z			0	will suffer harm	“will experience harm” or “will be ruined”
PRO	13	21	ddh8	figs-personification		0	Disaster runs after sinners	“Disaster” is given human characteristics like the ability to run. Alternate translation: “Sinners have trouble wherever they go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	13	21	ecr7	figs-activepassive		0	righteous people are rewarded with good	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God rewards righteous people with good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	13	22	amv1			0	his grandchildren	“the sons of his sons” or “the children of his children” or “his descendants”
PRO	13	22	fi9c	figs-activepassive		0	a sinner’s wealth is stored up for the righteous person	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the one who does right will receive the wealth that a sinner has stored up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	13	23	z3px			0	An unplowed field	“A field that is not prepared for food production” or “An empty field not ready for planting”
PRO	13	23	h46l	figs-metaphor		0	but it is swept away by injustice	“Swept away” represents completely removing something. This can be stated in active from. Alternate translation: “but injustice takes away that food” or “but unjust people take the food away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	13	24	jp8a			0	is careful to instruct him	“makes sure to instruct him”
PRO	13	25	a593			0	he satisfies his appetite	“he has satisfied himself” or “he fulfills his desires”
PRO	13	25	azl9	figs-metonymy		0	the stomach of the wicked is always hungry	Here “stomach” represents the desires of a person. Alternate translation: “the wicked person is always hungry for more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	14	intro	gbj2			0		# Proverbs 14 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 14 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO	14	1	r3rp			0	builds her house	“builds up her house” or “makes her house better”
PRO	14	1	tv3l			0	house	This could mean: (1) this may refer to her actual house, that is the building she lives in or (2) this may refer to her family.
PRO	14	1	l2y8	figs-synecdoche		0	with her own hands	The woman is represented by her “hands.” Alternate translation: “by herself” or “by the way she behaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	14	2	qgn4			0	The one who … the one who	“The person who … the person who”
PRO	14	2	qnc4	figs-metaphor		0	walks uprightly	“Walks” represents the conduct of life. Alternate translation: “conducts his life in a just and honest way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	14	2	we9s			0	despises him	“grossly disrespects him” or “shows that he hates him”
PRO	14	2	c17i			0	in his ways despises him	The word “his” refers to the dishonest man and “him” refers to Yahweh.
PRO	14	3	a16n	figs-metonymy		0	the mouth of … the lips of	The mouth and the lips both refer to what a person says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	14	3	ixb4	figs-metonymy		0	a rod for his back	The rod with which people will punish the fool by hitting him on his back for his foolish words is a metonym for the words that come out of his mouth. Alternate translation: “words that will cause people to punish him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	14	3	c2ir			0	the wise	This word is plural. “wise men” or “wise people”
PRO	14	3	gru7			0	will preserve them	“will keep them from harm” or “will keep them safe”
PRO	14	4	w12s			0	the feeding trough	A “trough” is a container in which you put the food for animals.
PRO	14	4	e3k8			0	an abundant crop	“a good harvest”
PRO	14	4	diy9	figs-metonymy		0	by the strength of an ox	“Strength” represents the strong work an ox can do. Alternate translation: “because of the work an ox does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	14	5	j6d2	figs-idiom		0	breathes out lies	This figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying constantly. Alternate translation: “constantly lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/19.md).
PRO	14	6	wm35			0	and there is none	“and wisdom is not there” or “but he will not find wisdom”
PRO	14	6	ek6h			0	comes easy to	“is easily found by” or “acquires without difficulty”
PRO	14	6	xv2j			0	the one who is discerning	“the one who is wise” or “a person who has understanding”
PRO	14	7	ud4w	figs-metonymy		0	on his lips	The word “lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “from his speech” or “with his comments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	14	8	e2qn			0	the prudent	a person who has good judgment or sense
PRO	14	8	vp9q	figs-metonymy		0	his own way	The word “way” represents the conduct of life of a person. Alternate translation: “his conduct” or “how he lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	14	8	vug2			0	the folly of fools is deception	The foolishness of fools is that they think they are wise, when they are not.
PRO	14	9	m1s1			0	when the guilt offering is sacrificed	“at guilt” or “at the guilt offering” The meaning behind this phrase is that fools do not apologize to God or men for the things they do wrong.
PRO	14	9	t24p	figs-activepassive		0	but among the upright favor is shared	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but the upright enjoy favor together” or “but God’s favor is experienced together among the upright” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	14	10	xxe9			0	its own bitterness	“its own sorrow” or “its own sadness”
PRO	14	10	y94d			0	no stranger	“those who do not know him”
PRO	14	11	c5yp	figs-metonymy		0	the tent	The word “tent” represents everything that happens within it. Alternate translation: “the household” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	14	11	d165	figs-metaphor		0	flourish	The word “flourish” means vigorous blooming of flowers and so represents anything that grows strongly. Alternate translation: “to do well and last long” or “to be healthy” or “to be very successful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	14	12	y8gw	figs-metaphor		0	There is a way that seems right to a man	The word “way” represents the conduct of life a person follows. Alternate translation: “People think that the way they are living is the right way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	14	13	n7lp	figs-metaphor		0	A heart can laugh	The word “heart” represents a person’s feelings, attitudes and motivations. Alternate translation: “A person’s feelings can show laughter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	14	13	j3ih			0	be in pain	“experience pain” or “hurt”
PRO	14	14	a8j9			0	The one who	“The person who”
PRO	14	14	c5in	figs-metaphor		0	what his ways deserve	The word “ways” represents a person’s conduct of life. Alternate translation: “what he deserves, based on how he lived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	14	14	qe8k			0	what is his	“what belongs to him” or “what he has a right to”
PRO	14	15	i558			0	naive	inexperienced or immature
PRO	14	15	h73m	figs-metaphor		0	his steps	Here the idea of footsteps represents a person’s behavior. Alternate translation: “his actions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	14	16	z79v	figs-metaphor		0	turns away from evil	Here evil is spoken of as if it were a place. Alternate translation: “avoids doing evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	14	16	dy6s			0	confidently dismisses	“boldly ignores”
PRO	14	17	yez8			0	is quick to become angry	“becomes angry quickly”
PRO	14	18	j5kv			0	naive	inexperienced or immature
PRO	14	18	c2ql	figs-metonymy		0	inherit foolishness	Here “inherit” represents having permanent possession of something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	14	18	aj35			0	foolishness	The word “foolishness” is an abstract noun that represents foolish thinking and foolish actions.
PRO	14	18	rq9a			0	prudent people	“wise people”
PRO	14	18	spn1	figs-metaphor		0	are crowned with knowledge	Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were a beautiful ornament worn on one’s head, such as a turban with jewels. Alternate translation: “wear knowledge as a turban” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	14	19	b4i8	translate-symaction		0	bow down	This means to bend over to humbly express respect and submission toward someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
PRO	14	19	e892	figs-metonymy		0	at the gates of the righteous	The word “gates” represents an entrance to meet with another. This means the wicked will have to wait for the righteous person and beg to enter his presence. Alternate translation: “to meet with the righteous person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	14	20	h5ns	figs-activepassive		0	The poor person is hated even by his own companions	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Everyone hates the poor person even his own neighbors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	14	21	fy3m			0	The one … the one	“The person … the person”
PRO	14	21	d4gp			0	the poor	“poor people”
PRO	14	22	m1cw	figs-rquestion		0	Do not those who plot evil go astray?	The assumed answer to this question is “yes.” Alternate translation: “Those who plot evil will go astray.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO	14	22	ie8f			0	who plot evil	“who make evil plans” or “who make plans to do evil things”
PRO	14	22	mmn3	figs-abstractnouns		0	those who plan to do good will receive covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness	The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” Alternate translation: “God will show himself to be trustworthy and faithful to his covenant to those who plan to do what is good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	14	23	k11f			0	but when there is only talk	“but if you only talk” or “but when all a person does is talking”
PRO	14	24	dc97	figs-metaphor		0	The crown of wise people	The word “crown” represents the highest achievement possible and visible to all. Alternate translation: “The reward of wise people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	14	24	u3bw			0	the folly of fools	See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 14:8](../14/08.md).
PRO	14	25	wkc7	figs-idiom		0	breathes out lies	This figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/19.md). Alternate translation: “constantly lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	14	27	c8u2	figs-metaphor		0	fountain of life	A “fountain” is a bountiful source of water and represents here the source of life. Alternate translation: “source of life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	14	27	r5t6	figs-metaphor		0	from the snares of death	A “snare” is a sort of trap used to hunt animals and represents something tricky and dangerous that will kill. Alternate translation: “from the trap that will kill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	14	28	vxf7			0	the great number of his people	“how many people he rules”
PRO	14	28	yp94			0	the prince is ruined	“the prince has nothing and his kingdom will fall”
PRO	14	29	n61r			0	the quick-tempered	a person who is quick to become angry
PRO	14	30	lqn3			0	A tranquil heart	“A peaceful mindset” or “An attitude that is at peace”
PRO	14	30	l819	figs-metaphor		0	rots the bones	The word “rots” represents the decay of a person and “bones” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “causes a person to be unhealthy in body and spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	14	31	k67r			0	The one who … the one who	“The person who … the person who”
PRO	14	31	b6nz			0	curses	This means to express a desire that bad things will happen to someone.
PRO	14	31	xhv2			0	the poor … the needy	“a poor person … a needy person”
PRO	14	31	k2td			0	shows favor to	“is kind to” or “helps”
PRO	14	32	t8gr	figs-activepassive		0	is brought down by his evil actions	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “evil actions push over” or “evil actions destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	14	33	axk6	figs-metaphor		0	Wisdom rests in the heart	The word “heart” represents the feelings, attitudes and motivations of a person. Alternate translation: “Wisdom is in the attitude” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	14	33	t41l			0	the discerning	“a discerning person”
PRO	14	33	r61l	figs-activepassive		0	she lets herself be known	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “she makes sure people know her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	14	33	xi3x	figs-personification		0	she	The word “she” refers to wisdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	14	34	dl6h			0	is a disgrace	“brings shame upon to any people” or “should cause any people to be ashamed”
PRO	14	35	qjf7			0	who acts prudently	“who acts wisely” or “who makes sure bad things do not happen”
PRO	14	35	vi56			0	the one who	“the servant who”
PRO	15	intro	l872			0		# Proverbs 15 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 15 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO	15	1	x2lh	figs-metaphor		0	A gentle answer turns away wrath	Causing a person to stop being angry is spoken of as if it were turning that person’s wrath away. Alternate translation: “Answering a person gently will calm that person’s wrath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	15	1	hu6m	figs-metaphor		0	but a harsh word stirs up anger	Causing a person to become more angry is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening anger. Alternate translation: “but speaking harshly causes that person to become more angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	15	2	w6ic	figs-synecdoche		0	The tongue of wise people compliments knowledge	Here the word “tongue” refers to the person who speaks. Alternate translation: “Wise people compliment knowledge when they speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	15	2	sjz8			0	compliments knowledge	“makes knowledge attractive” or “uses knowledge correctly”
PRO	15	2	ncr7	figs-metaphor		0	the mouth of fools pours out folly	The writer speaks of fools’ mouths as if they were containers and of folly as if it were the liquid that filled them. When fools speak, their mouths pour out the liquid. The word “mouth” represents those who speak. Alternate translation: “fools are always speaking folly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	15	3	w8rc	figs-synecdoche		0	The eyes of Yahweh are everywhere	Here the word “eyes” represents Yahweh and emphasizes his ability to see everything. Alternate translation: “Yahweh sees everything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	15	3	bw6f	figs-nominaladj		0	the evil and the good	The words “evil” and “good” refer to people. Alternate translation: “evil people and good people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PRO	15	4	wt85	figs-metonymy		0	A healing tongue is a tree of life	The word “tongue” refers to speech. The writer speaks of the words of a person who says things that help and encourage others as if they were a tree that provides life-giving nourishment. Alternate translation: “Kind words are like a tree that gives life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	15	4	eg2w	figs-metonymy		0	a deceitful tongue crushes the spirit	The phrase “a deceitful tongue” refers to speech that is deceitful or hurtful. The writer speaks of a person being hurt or in despair as if that person’s spirit were an object that words have crushed. Alternate translation: “deceitful speech causes a person to despair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	15	5	kix4	figs-abstractnouns		0	he who learns from correction	The word “correction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he who learns when someone corrects him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	15	5	x86t			0	is prudent	“is wise”
PRO	15	6	h7yy	figs-abstractnouns		0	the earnings of the wicked person give	The word “earnings” can be translated as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “the wealth that a wicked person earns gives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	15	7	tk6t	figs-metaphor		0	The lips of wise people scatter knowledge about	The word “lips” represents what wise people say. The writer speaks of knowledge as if it were seeds that wise people scatter around when they speak. Alternate translation: “The speech of wise people spreads knowledge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	15	7	wet2	figs-synecdoche		0	not so the hearts of fools	This could mean: (1) the word “hearts” is synecdoche for the fools themselves and means that they do not scatter knowledge like wise people do. Alternate translation: “fools do not scatter knowledge about” or (2) fools do not have knowledge in their hearts, with “hearts” being a metonym for the thoughts. Alternate translation: “fools do not understand knowledge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	15	8	a5ry			0	upright people	“people who live rightly”
PRO	15	8	fci9			0	is his delight	“pleases him”
PRO	15	9	ui9i	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh hates the way of wicked people	The lifestyles of wicked people are spoken of as if they are paths on which those people walk. Alternate translation: “Yahweh hates the way that wicked people live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	15	9	pj1l	figs-metaphor		0	the one who pursues what is right	Being diligent to live rightly is spoken of as if it were chasing after right things. Alternate translation: “the person who strives to live rightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	15	10	j3mw	figs-metaphor		0	anyone who forsakes the way	Here “the way” refers to the way of righteousness. A person who stops doing what is right is spoken of as if he has stopped walking on the correct path. Alternate translation: “anyone who stops living rightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	15	10	jus3	figs-abstractnouns		0	he who hates correction	The word “correction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “the person who hates it when others correct him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	15	11	n1e2	figs-doublet		0	Sheol and destruction are open before Yahweh	The words “Sheol and destruction” both refer to the place of the dead. Yahweh knowing everything about the place of the dead is spoken of as if it were open before Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Yahweh knows everything about the place where dead people are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	15	11	b6if	figs-rquestion		0	how much more the hearts of the sons of mankind?	This rhetorical question emphasizes that since Yahweh knows everything about the place of the dead, it is more obvious that he knows everything about the hearts of men. Alternate translation: “so he certainly knows the hearts of the sons of mankind!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO	15	11	r3gz	figs-metonymy		0	the hearts of the sons of mankind	Here the word “hearts” represents the thoughts and motivations. The phrase “the sons of mankind” is an idiom for humanity. Alternate translation: “the thoughts of humans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	15	12	dl8g	figs-abstractnouns		0	The mocker resents correction	The word “correction” can be translated with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The mocker hates when others correct him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	15	12	f5d9	figs-explicit		0	he will not go to the wise	It is implied that he will not go to the wise to seek their counsel or advice. Alternate translation: “he will not go to the wise to seek their counsel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	15	13	b4lv	figs-synecdoche		0	A joyful heart makes the face cheerful	Here the word “heart” represents the person. Alternate translation: “When a person is joyful, his face is cheerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	15	13	dm7a	figs-metaphor		0	crushes the spirit	The writer speaks of a person being discouraged as if that person’s spirit were an object that is crushed. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 15:4](../15/04.md). Alternate translation: “makes a person discouraged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	15	14	d9uh	figs-metonymy		0	The heart of the discerning	Here the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “The mind of the discerning person” or “The discerning person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	15	14	k3ct	figs-synecdoche		0	the mouth of fools feeds on folly	Here the word “mouth” represents the person. The writer speaks of fools desiring foolish things as if they ate foolish things. Alternate translation: “foolish people desire folly as if it were the food that they eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	15	15	r1yn			0	All the days of oppressed people are miserable	“Oppressed people are miserable all of their days”
PRO	15	15	en6x	figs-synecdoche		0	a cheerful heart has an unending feast	Here the word “heart” represents the person. The writer speaks of a cheerful person enjoying life as if that person were celebrating a feast that does not end. Alternate translation: “the cheerful person enjoys life, as if he were celebrating an unending feast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	15	15	m9lg			0	an unending feast	“a feast that never ends”
PRO	15	16	iix3			0	with confusion	“with anxiety”
PRO	15	17	via5	figs-metonymy		0	a meal with vegetables	The vegetables represent a small meal with very little food. Alternate translation: “a small meal” or “very little food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	15	17	ux23	figs-abstractnouns		0	where there is love	The word “love” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “where people love one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	15	17	m9u4	figs-activepassive		0	a fatted calf served with hatred	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “a fatted calf that someone serves with hatred” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	15	17	x4f2	figs-metonymy		0	a fatted calf	This refers to a calf that has been fed a lot of food so that it will become fat. Here it represents a delicious meal or a feast. Alternate translation: “a luxurious meal” or “a feast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	15	17	vw92	figs-abstractnouns		0	with hatred	The word “hatred” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “where people hate one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	15	18	p4ji	figs-metaphor		0	stirs up arguments	Causing people to argue more is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening arguments. The abstract noun “arguments” can be stated as “argue.” Alternate translation: “causes people to argue more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	15	19	awv2	figs-metaphor		0	The path of the sluggard … the path of the upright	The writer speaks of a person’s life as if it were a path on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “The life of the sluggard … the life of the upright” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	15	19	gy92	figs-simile		0	The path of the sluggard is like a place with a hedge of thorns	The writer compares the lifestyle of the sluggard with trying to walk through a hedge of thorns. Both cause the person to suffer pain. Alternate translation: “The life of the sluggard is like a person trying to walk through a hedge of thorns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	15	19	zqz8	figs-metaphor		0	the path of the upright is a built-up highway	The writer speaks of the blessings that upright people experience in life as if they were walking on a smooth road. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	15	19	c95z			0	built-up highway	This is a road that is wide, flat, and without obstacles or potholes.
PRO	15	21	itu5	figs-metaphor		0	the one who has understanding walks a straight path	The writer speaks of a person doing the right thing as if he were walking straight ahead on a path. Alternate translation: “the person who has understanding does what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	15	22	p1yb			0	Plans go wrong	“Plans fail”
PRO	15	22	et1u			0	where there is no advice	“when there is no one to give advice”
PRO	15	22	re1s			0	advisors	people who give recommendations as a guide to action
PRO	15	22	q31z			0	they succeed	“plans succeed”
PRO	15	23	wg81			0	a pertinent reply	“a fitting reply” or “an appropriate answer”
PRO	15	23	jnm2	figs-exclamations		0	how good is a timely word	This exclamation emphasizes that a word spoken at the right time is very good. Alternate translation: “a word that a person speaks at the right time is very good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
PRO	15	24	b9kb	figs-metaphor		0	The path of life leads upward … from Sheol beneath	The writer speaks of a lifestyle that results in life as if it were a path that goes upward towards life and of a lifestyle that results in death as if it were a path that leads down to the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	15	25	h2dg	figs-synecdoche		0	house	This is a synecdoche for the person’s household, property, and wealth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	15	26	h9s4			0	the words of kindness are pure	“kind words are pure” or “pleasant words are pure”
PRO	15	28	avu5	figs-metonymy		0	The heart of the righteous person ponders before it answers	Here the word “heart” is a metonym for the mind and thoughts. This represents the person who thinks. Alternate translation: “The person who does right ponders what to say before he answers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	15	28	zzd4	figs-metaphor		0	the mouth of wicked people pours out all its evil	The writer speaks of wicked people’s mouths as if they were containers and speaks of evil as if it were the liquid that filled them. When wicked people speak, their mouths pour out the liquid. The word “mouths” represents those who speak. Alternate translation: “wicked people are always saying evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	15	28	zr4l			0	the mouth of wicked people pours out all its evil	It may be more natural in you language to translate all these words as either singular or plural. Alternate translation: “the mouth of the wicked person pours out all its evil” or “the mouths of wicked people pour out all their evil”
PRO	15	29	nq5q	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh is far away from wicked people	The writer speaks of Yahweh not listening to wicked people as if he were physically far away from them. Alternate translation: “Yahweh does not listen to wicked people” or “Yahweh does not answer wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	15	30	msq2	figs-metaphor		0	The light of the eyes	The writer speaks of an expression of joy on one’s face as if the person’s eyes emitted light. Alternate translation: “A cheerful expression” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	15	30	d2bg	figs-synecdoche		0	brings joy to the heart	The word “heart” represents the person. This could mean: (1) the person who has a cheerful expression becomes joyful or (2) other people become joyful when they see someone with a cheerful expression. Alternate translation: “causes a person to be joyful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	15	30	hhj8	figs-synecdoche		0	good news is health to the body	Here the word “body” represents the person. Alternate translation: “receiving good news makes a person feel good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	15	31	vet3			0	you will remain among wise people	This could mean: (1) people will continue to consider you to be a wise person or (2) you will continue to enjoy the company of wise people.
PRO	15	32	l9cd	figs-abstractnouns		0	listens to correction	The word “correction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “listens when others correct him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	15	33	nhk9	figs-abstractnouns		0	The fear of Yahweh teaches wisdom	The words “fear” and “wisdom” can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “When one fears Yahweh, he will learn to be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	15	33	t56g			0	The fear of Yahweh	See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 1:7](../01/07.md).
PRO	15	33	w2h2			0	humility comes before honor	This means that a person must first learn humility before Yahweh will honor him.
PRO	16	intro	mu2u			0		# Proverbs 16 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 16 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### King and royalty<br><br>Some of these proverbs mention a king. As in other cases, this is intended to apply to all rulers.<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO	16	1	bqu9	figs-metonymy		0	The plans of the heart belong to a person	Here the word “heart” represents the person’s mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “A person makes plans in his mind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	16	1	hf8a	figs-metaphor		0	from Yahweh comes the answer from his tongue	This could mean: (1) Yahweh speaks his answer to a person’s plans, which is a metaphor meaning that Yahweh determines the outcome of that person’s plans or (2) Yahweh enables a person to speak words about the plans that he has made. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	16	1	j1hu	figs-synecdoche		0	the answer from his tongue	The person is represented by his “tongue” to emphasize his speech. Alternate translation: “the answer that he speaks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	16	2	m6li	figs-metaphor		0	All of a person’s ways are pure in his own eyes	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. The writer speaks of what a person does as if that person were walking down a path. Alternate translation: “A person thinks that everything he does is pure” or “A person judges everything he does as pure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	16	2	ky4t	figs-metonymy		0	Yahweh weighs the spirits	Here the word “spirits” represents people’s desires and motives. The writer speaks of Yahweh discerning and judging a person’s desires and motives as if he were weighing that person’s spirit. Alternate translation: “Yahweh judges the person’s motives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	16	4	ccq1	figs-ellipsis		0	even the wicked for the day of trouble	The verbal phrase may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “he has made even the wicked for the day of trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PRO	16	5	lkb8	figs-synecdoche		0	everyone who has an arrogant heart	Here the word “heart” represents the person. Alternate translation: “everyone who is arrogant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	16	5	cq2g	figs-litotes		0	they will not go unpunished	The two negatives in this phrase strongly emphasize the positive. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will certainly punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	16	6	t6t9	figs-abstractnouns		0	By covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness iniquity is atoned for	The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” This can be stated in active form. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “Because Yahweh is faithful to his covenant and trustworthy he forgives people’s sins” or (2) Alternate translation: “Yahweh will forgive the sins of those who are faithful to the covenant and trustworthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	16	6	sn15	figs-metaphor		0	people turn away from evil	The writer speaks of people no longer doing evil things as if they were turning away from evil. Alternate translation: “people stop doing evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	16	7	i6tc			0	he makes	“Yahweh makes”
PRO	16	8	u992			0	a large income	“earning a lot of money”
PRO	16	8	a4dx			0	with injustice	“with wrongdoing”
PRO	16	9	wyx2	figs-metonymy		0	In his heart a person plans out his way	Here the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if the person were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “A person plans in his mind what he will do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	16	9	y8rt	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh directs his steps	The writer speaks of Yahweh determining the outcome of a person’s plans as if Yahweh were telling that person where to walk. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	16	10	ak2q	figs-metonymy		0	Insightful decisions are on the lips of a king	Here the word “lips” is a metonym for what the king says. Alternate translation: “What a king says are insightful decisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	16	10	ul24	figs-synecdoche		0	his mouth should not betray justice	The word “mouth” represents the king himself. Alternate translation: “he should not speak deceitfully when he judges” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	16	11	hb1i	figs-explicit		0	Honest scales come from Yahweh	Yahweh requires justice and fairness when doing business. Dishonest people used heavier or lighter weights in their scales in order to gain more when buying or selling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	16	11	c4kd			0	all the weights in the bag are his work	Merchants carried their weights in bags. This could mean: (1) Yahweh has determined how much every weight must weigh or (2) Yahweh is concerned with every weight that a merchant uses.
PRO	16	12	tie4	figs-activepassive		0	that is something to be despised	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that is something that people despise” or “that is something that Yahweh despises” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	16	12	yr8j	figs-metonymy		0	for a throne is established by doing what is right	Here the word “throne” represents the king’s rule. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for the king establishes his reign by doing what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	16	13	sfa1	figs-synecdoche		0	lips that say what is right	Here the word “lips” represents the person who speaks. Alternate translation: “a person who speaks the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	16	14	lfm4	figs-metaphor		0	A king’s wrath is a messenger of death	The writer speaks of an angry king causing someone to die as if the king’s wrath were a messenger that he sends out to kill someone. Alternate translation: “An angry king can put people to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	16	15	av7j			0	General Information:	Verse 15 contrasts with verse 14.
PRO	16	15	f1pr	figs-metaphor		0	In the light of a king’s face is life	The writer speaks of an expression of joy on the king’s face as if his face emitted light. Alternate translation: “When the king is cheerful, people live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	16	15	a5n5	figs-simile		0	his favor is like a cloud that brings a spring rain	The writer compares the king showing favor towards someone with a cloud that brings rain to make crops grow. Both promise blessing to those who receive them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	16	16	rgj4	figs-exclamations		0	How much better it is to get wisdom than gold	This exclamation emphasizes that having wisdom is much better than having gold. Alternate translation: “It is much better to get wisdom than to get gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
PRO	16	16	bn5c	figs-activepassive		0	To get understanding should be chosen more than silver	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “A person should choose to get understanding more than to get silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	16	17	ffx6	figs-metaphor		0	The highway of upright people	The writer speaks of the lifestyle of upright people as if it were a well-built road, free of obstacles. Alternate translation: “The righteous way that upright people live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	16	17	a2qn	figs-metaphor		0	turns away from evil	The writer speaks of avoiding or no longer doing evil things as if it were turning away from evil. Alternate translation: “keeps them from doing evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	16	18	qp3l	figs-metonymy		0	a haughty spirit	Here the word “spirit” represents the person’s attitude and temperament. Alternate translation: “an arrogant attitude” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	16	18	yz53			0	a downfall	“ruin” or “failure”
PRO	16	19	s4fk			0	spoil	goods taken in battle
PRO	16	20	zg3i	figs-activepassive		0	what they are taught	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “what someone has taught them” or “what they have learned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	16	21	lrv9	figs-activepassive		0	The one who is wise in heart is called discerning	This person will have a reputation of being a discerning person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will call the one who is wise in heart discerning” or “The one who is wise in heart will have a reputation of being a discerning person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	16	21	hq6m	figs-metonymy		0	The one who is wise in heart	Here the heart represents the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “The one who is wise” or “The one who is wise in his thinking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	16	21	w5ly	figs-metaphor		0	sweetness of speech	The writer speaks of kind or pleasant speech as if it were something that tastes sweet. Alternate translation: “kind speech” or “pleasant speech” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	16	22	y5ux	figs-metaphor		0	Understanding is a fountain of life	The writer speaks of “Understanding” as if it were a fountain that continuously flows with water and which sustains the life of those who drink from it. Alternate translation: “Understanding is like a fountain flowing with life-giving water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	16	23	rbc8	figs-metonymy		0	The heart of a wise person gives	Here the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “The thoughts of a wise person gives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	16	23	qa4q	figs-metonymy		0	gives insight to his mouth	Here the word “mouth” is a metonym for speech. Alternate translation: “makes his speech wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	16	23	i4qn	figs-metonymy		0	to his lips	Here the word “lips” is a metonym for speech. Alternate translation: “to what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	16	24	r6ef	figs-metonymy		0	sweet to the soul	Here, **soul** could mean: (1) it represents a person’s inward desires and pleasures. Alternate translation: “sweet enough to make a person happy” or (2) it can mean “throat” and is a metonym for a person’s tongue and ability to taste. Alternate translation: “sweet to a person’s taste” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	16	24	ye3n	figs-synecdoche		0	healing to the bones	Here the word “bones” represent a person’s body. Alternate translation: “healing to the body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	16	25	v8l9	figs-metonymy		0	There is a way that seems right to a man	The writer speaks of a person’s conduct or behavior as if it were a road on which the person is traveling. Alternate translation: “A person thinks that the way he is living is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	16	25	es6x			0	but its end is the way to death	The word “its” refers to “way” in the previous line. This “way” is the road that leads to death.
PRO	16	26	fc7p	figs-personification		0	The laborer’s appetite works for him	The writer speaks of the appetite as if it were a person who works on behalf of the laborer. This means that the person who labors is motivated by his desire to eat. Alternate translation: “The laborer works to satisfy his appetite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	16	26	gb4l	figs-personification		0	his hunger urges him on	The writer speaks of “hunger” as if it were a person who urges the laborer to continue working. Alternate translation: “he keeps on working because he is hungry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	16	27	r16q	figs-metaphor		0	A worthless person digs up mischief	The writer speaks of a person trying to find ways to harm other people as if that person were digging in the ground to find something buried. Alternate translation: “A worthless person looks for mischief as if he were digging for something in the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	16	27	sga2			0	worthless	“useless” or “wicked”
PRO	16	27	q5zk			0	mischief	trouble
PRO	16	27	xs7m	figs-simile		0	his speech is like a scorching fire	The writer compares the way this person’s words hurt others with the way that fire burns things. Alternate translation: “he hurts people with his words, like a fire scorches the things it touches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	16	28	x2b5			0	a gossip	a person who gossips or spreads rumors
PRO	16	29	mk94	figs-explicit		0	A man of violence lies to his neighbor	It is implied that this man lies to his neighbor in order to get his neighbor to join him in violent actions. Alternate translation: “A man of violence entices his neighbor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	16	29	i6a5			0	A man of violence	“A violent man” or “A man who practices violence”
PRO	16	29	f3dd	figs-metaphor		0	leads him down a path that is not good	The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if they were a road on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “gets him to do things that are not good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	16	29	m8qs	figs-explicit		0	a path that is not good	The writer uses an understatement to emphasize how bad this path is. Alternate translation: “a very bad path” or “a terrible path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	16	30	p1tu			0	The one who winks the eye … those who purse the lips	Both of these are facial gestures which people might use to signal their plans to others. See how you translated “winks the eye” in [Proverbs 10:10](../10/10.md).
PRO	16	30	wy6w			0	will bring evil to pass	“will do evil things”
PRO	16	31	aj89	figs-metaphor		0	Gray hair is a crown of glory	The writer speaks of gray hair as if it were a crown. “Gray hair” is a metonym for old age. Alternate translation: “A person who has lived long enough to have gray hair is like one who wears a glorious crown on his head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	16	31	y1am	figs-activepassive		0	it is gained	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a person gains it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	16	32	x3rg	figs-metaphor		0	one who rules his spirit	The writer speaks of a person being able to control his own temper and emotions as if he ruled over his spirit like a king rules his people. Alternate translation: “one who controls his temper” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	16	33	ei8c	figs-activepassive		0	The lots are cast into the lap	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “A person throws the lots into his lap” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	16	33	js5x			0	the decision is from Yahweh	This could mean: (1) Yahweh decides how the lots will land or (2) it is not the lots, but Yahweh who determines what will happen.
PRO	17	intro	br3v			0		# Proverbs 17 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 17 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO	17	1	ecu4	figs-metonymy		0	to have quiet	Here “quiet” refers to “peace.” Alternate translation: “to have peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	17	1	p2y8	figs-ellipsis		0	than a house full of feasting with strife	The words “to have” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated. Alternate translation: “than to have a house full of feasting with strife” or “than to be in a house full of feasting where there is strife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PRO	17	3	fh66	figs-explicit		0	The crucible is for silver and the furnace is for gold	This refers to how gold and silver are refined. A metal is refined by heating it to a high temperature so that it melts and the impurities may be removed. Alternate translation: “The crucible is used to refine silver and the furnace is used to refine gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	17	3	fi3n			0	crucible	a pot in which metals are melted at a very high temperature
PRO	17	3	aq7i	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh refines hearts	This speaks of Yahweh testing people to help them stop being evil and foolish as if their hearts were a metal that Yahweh was refining to remove everything that is impure. Alternate translation: “Yahweh tests peoples’ hearts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	17	4	bar9	figs-synecdoche		0	wicked lips	The word **lips** can be translated as either: (1) a synecdoche for the person or (2) a metonym for the words that come out from those lips. Alternate translation: “a wicked person” or “wicked talk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	17	4	cj9s	figs-idiom		0	gives ear	This idiom means “listens.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	17	4	ef8i	figs-synecdoche		0	destructive tongue	The word **tongue** can be translated as either: (1) a synecdoche for the person or (2) a metonym for the words that the tongue produces. Alternate translation: “a destructive person” or “destructive talk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	17	5	a5ue	figs-nominaladj		0	the poor	This refers to poor people. Alternate translation: “those who are poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PRO	17	5	gs4i	figs-abstractnouns		0	his Maker	This is a name that refers to Yahweh. This is also an abstract noun that can be written as a verb. Alternate translation: “the one who made him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	17	5	dj8b	figs-explicit		0	at misfortune	This refers to the misfortune of others. Alternate translation: “at others’ misfortune” or “at other peoples’ troubles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	17	6	y71i	figs-metaphor		0	are the crown of	This speaks of older peoples’ grandchildren being a sign of honor for them as if their grandchildren were a crown. Alternate translation: “bring honor and respect to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	17	6	v99u	figs-nominaladj		0	the aged	This refers to older people. Alternate translation: “those who are older” or “older people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PRO	17	7	i2ze			0	Eloquent speech	“Fine speech” or “Excellent speech”
PRO	17	7	clc1	figs-synecdoche		0	much less are lying lips suitable for royalty	This describes people lying as if it were actually their “lips” that were lying. Alternate translation: “even more it is not suitable for royalty to lie” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	17	8	mi9y	figs-simile		0	A bribe is like a magic stone to the one who gives it	This speaks of a person’s bribe working by comparing it to a magical stone or amulet. Alternate translation: “A bribe works like a magical stone for the one who gives it” or “A bribe works like magic for the one who is giving the bribe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	17	8	iq11	figs-idiom		0	wherever he turns	Here “turning” refers to the various things the person does. Specifically, this refers to the different things the person does by bribery. Alternate translation: “in whatever he does” or “in everything he tries to do by giving bribes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	17	9	nk6k			0	an offense	an action or word that has hurt him
PRO	17	9	r2e2	figs-explicit		0	who repeats a matter	This refers to bringing up a past situation in which a friend was hurt or offended. Alternate translation: “who repeats a past offense” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	17	9	s8p6			0	alienates close friends	“causes people to stop being close friends” or “causes close friends to stop liking each other”
PRO	17	10	dra2	figs-metaphor		0	A rebuke goes deeper into a person … than a hundred blows go into a fool	This compares how a rebuke effects a man of understanding to how a beating effects a fool. This speaks of the effect on these people as if it could be measured by the depth that it goes into them. Alternate translation: “A rebuke has more effect on a person … than a hundred blows have on a fool” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	17	10	fs5v	figs-abstractnouns		0	a person who has understanding	“a person who has good judgment.” The word “understand” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “a person who understands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	17	10	hy6y			0	a hundred blows go	“a beating of a hundred blows goes”
PRO	17	11	rz73	figs-abstractnouns		0	seeks rebellion	The word “rebellion” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “seeks to rebel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	17	11	zqf6	figs-activepassive		0	a cruel messenger will be sent against him	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a cruel messenger will come against him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	17	11	suj6	figs-idiom		0	will be sent against him	To be “sent against” someone means to be sent to harm them. Alternate translation: “will be sent to harm him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	17	12	fk5m	figs-activepassive		0	a bear robbed of her cubs	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a bear who has just lost her cubs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	17	12	j1ly	figs-abstractnouns		0	in his foolishness	The word “foolishness” can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “who is acting foolish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	17	13	p537	figs-personification		0	evil will never leave his house	Here “evil” is spoken of as if it were a person who would not leave the man’s house. Here the word “house” may be taken literally, but it is also a metonym for his family. Alternate translation: “bad things will continue to happen to him and his family” or “bad things will never stop happening to him and his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	17	14	e1bw	figs-simile		0	The beginning of conflict is like one who releases water everywhere	This compares how easily a conflict spreads to how spilled water flows everywhere. Alternate translation: “Starting a conflict is like pumping water and letting it run everywhere” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	17	14	al2h			0	has broken out	“starts”or “begins”
PRO	17	15	z95a			0	acquits	justifies, declares someone not guilty
PRO	17	16	kk5n	figs-rquestion		0	Why should a fool pay money to learn about wisdom, when he has no ability to learn it?	This rhetorical question emphasizes that the fool should not do this. This question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “A fool should not pay money to learn about wisdom because he does not have the ability to learn it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO	17	17	az6z	figs-explicit		0	a brother is born for times of trouble	One of the purposes of a brother is to be there to help his brother or sister in times of trouble. Alternate translation: “a brother is there for times of trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	17	18	f3yd			0	no sense	“no good judgement”
PRO	17	18	r6wn			0	binding promises	This refers to promises that must be kept and are often a burden on the person who made them.
PRO	17	19	bpz3	figs-explicit		0	causes bones to be broken	This means that someone will trip on the threshold and break bones, probably in their foot. Alternate translation: “is sure to cause someone trip and break their the bones in their foot” or “is sure to cause someone to trip and injure himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	17	20	a3mi	figs-metonymy		0	who has a crooked heart	The “heart” represents a person’s feelings, attitudes and motivations. Alternate translation: “who is deceptive” or “who is dishonest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	17	20	s659	figs-metonymy		0	has a perverse tongue	The “tongue” represents a person’s speech. Alternate translation: “speaks perversely” or “speaks wickedly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	17	20	qjp9	figs-idiom		0	falls into calamity	“falls into trouble” To “fall into” something means to get into that situation. Alternate translation: “will have calamity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	17	22	b1n1	figs-metaphor		0	A cheerful heart is good medicine	This speaks of a cheerful heart as being good medicine because it makes you feel better. Alternate translation: “A cheerful heart is like medicine that makes you feel better” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	17	22	ga2p	figs-metonymy		0	A cheerful heart	The “heart” represents a person’s feelings, attitudes and motivations. Alternate translation: “Being cheerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	17	22	u1vh	figs-metonymy		0	a broken spirit	Here the “spirit” represents a person’s feelings and emotional state. A broken spirit refers to a poor emotional state. Alternate translation: “depression” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	17	22	gei3	figs-metonymy		0	dries up the bones	A person’s bones represent their physical health and strength. If a person’s bones dry up it means that they are very sick and unhealthy. Alternate translation: “makes a person unhealthy and weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	17	23	r7p6			0	to pervert the ways of justice	“to prevent justice from being rendered” or “to pervert justice”
PRO	17	24	ba2e	figs-metaphor		0	sets his face toward wisdom	This speaks of a person’s focus on acting wisely as if he were looking at wisdom. Alternate translation: “focuses on acting wisely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	17	24	r7ww	figs-synecdoche		0	the eyes of a fool are	This refers to a fool by his eyes to emphasize what he is focusing on. Alternate translation: “the fool is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	17	24	qef2	figs-metaphor		0	the ends of the earth	This speaks of a fool’s impossible dreams as if they were the ends of the earth to emphasize that they are unrealistic. Alternate translation: “strive for things that are as far from him as the ends of the earth” or “focus on impossible things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	17	25	cn74			0	A foolish son is a grief to his father	This speaks of a son causing his father grief as if the son himself were “grief.” Alternate translation: “A foolish son brings grief to his father”
PRO	17	25	mw1t			0	A foolish son … and bitterness to the woman	This speaks of a son causing his mother bitterness as if the son himself were “bitterness.” Alternate translation: “A foolish son … and brings bitterness to the woman”
PRO	17	25	t9yj			0	who bore him	“who gave birth to him”
PRO	17	25	lm5j			0	bitterness	emotional pain, sorrow
PRO	17	26	lw6w	figs-litotes		0	it is never good … neither is it good	These statements can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “it is always wrong … and it is evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
PRO	17	26	wfd1			0	the righteous person	Another possible meaning is “the innocent person,” anyone whom others have accused of a crime that he did not commit.
PRO	17	26	s7mg			0	flog	whip severely
PRO	17	26	dj91	figs-abstractnouns		0	who have integrity	The word “integrity” can be expressed with the adjective “honest.” Alternate translation: “who are honest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	17	27	je2b	figs-explicit		0	uses few words	This refers to the way he speaks. Alternate translation: “speaks with few words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	17	28	b5ay	figs-activepassive		0	Even a fool is thought to be wise	This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “People even think a fool is wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	17	28	i81a	figs-idiom		0	keeps his mouth shut	This means that he does not speak. Alternate translation: “does not speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	17	28	q1jm	figs-activepassive		0	he is considered to be intelligent	This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “people consider him to be intelligent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	18	intro	k5qz			0		# Proverbs 18 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 18 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO	18	1	n34r			0	isolates himself	“keeps away from other people”
PRO	18	1	vun3	figs-personification		0	quarrels with all sound judgment	This speaks of a person disagreeing with sound judgment as if “sound judgment” were a person he fought with. Alternate translation: “he disagrees with all sound judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	18	1	r3yq			0	sound judgment	“good judgment” or “wise choices”
PRO	18	2	u731	figs-litotes		0	A fool finds no pleasure in understanding, but only	“A fool does not care about understanding, but only about” This means the fool considers “understanding” the opposite of pleasure. Alternate translation: “A fool detests understanding and only finds pleasure in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
PRO	18	2	ey4y	figs-explicit		0	but only in revealing what is in his own heart	This means that the fool only finds pleasure in telling other people what he feels and desires in his heart. Alternate translation: “but only in telling others what is in his own heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	18	2	yp8r	figs-metonymy		0	what is in his own heart	The contents of a person’s heart refers to the person’s thoughts and feelings. Alternate translation: “what he thinks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	18	3	fw1y	figs-personification		0	contempt comes with him—along with shame and reproach	Here “contempt,” “shame,” and “reproach” are spoken of as if they are people who accompany a wicked man. This could mean: (1) people show contempt towards the wicked man and cause him to feel shame and reproach. Alternate translation: “people feel contempt for him along with shame and reproach” or (2) the wicked man shows contempt for others and causes them to feel shame and reproach. Alternate translation: “he shows his contempt for other people and causes them to feel shame and reproach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	18	3	ps5e	figs-doublet		0	shame and reproach	These two words have similar meaning and are used together to emphasize the “shame” felt by either the wicked man or other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PRO	18	4	izv2	figs-parallelism		0	The words of a man’s mouth are deep waters;…the fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream	These two lines are parallel and it is implied that the man in the first line is a wise man. Alternate translation: “The words of a wise man’s mouth are deep waters;…the fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	18	4	nv82	figs-metaphor		0	The words of a man’s mouth are deep waters	This speaks of a wise man’s words being profound as if they were profound and as deep as deep waters. Alternate translation: “The words of a man’s mouth are as profound as deep waters” or “The words of a man’s mouth are deep and profound” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	18	4	mk4j	figs-synecdoche		0	a man’s mouth	Here the man is referred to by his mouth to emphasize what he says. Alternate translation: “of a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	18	4	mn87	figs-metaphor		0	the fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream	This speaks of the source of wisdom being plentiful as if it were a gushing spring. The gushing of the spring is spoken of as if it were a flowing stream. Alternate translation: “the source of wisdom is as plentiful as the water of a gushing spring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	18	5	fi7d	figs-litotes		0	It is not good to … to the righteous person	These phrases can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “It is good to treat the wicked person as he deserves, and to be just to the righteous person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
PRO	18	6	p2qv	figs-synecdoche		0	A fool’s lips bring	Here the fool is referred to by his “lips” to emphasize what he says. Alternate translation: “what a fool says brings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	18	6	w2xd			0	bring	“cause”
PRO	18	6	zxu7	figs-metaphor		0	his mouth invites a beating	This speaks of the fool saying things that cause people to want to beat him as if he were inviting them to beat him. Alternate translation: “his mouth makes people want to beat him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	18	6	z4ii	figs-metonymy		0	his mouth	Here what the fool says is referred to as his “mouth.” Alternate translation: “what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	18	7	iwj7	figs-metonymy		0	A fool’s mouth … with his lips	Both of these phrases refer to what a fool says. Alternate translation: “What a fool says … by what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	18	7	v6hu			0	is his ruin	“will ruin him”
PRO	18	7	e4r4	figs-metaphor		0	he ensnares himself	This speaks of the man causing problems and trouble for himself as if he were trapping himself like a man traps an animal. Alternate translation: “he will cause problems for himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	18	8	iu3y	figs-simile		0	The words of a gossip are like delicious morsels	This speaks of the words of a gossip being desirable to listen to as if they were delicious food to eat. Alternate translation: “The words of a gossip are desirable to listen to” or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	18	8	vd95	figs-possession		0	The words of a gossip	This refers to what a gossiping person says. Alternate translation: “The words that a gossiping person speaks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
PRO	18	8	lms4			0	morsels	small bites of food
PRO	18	8	mr15	figs-metaphor		0	they go down into the inner parts of the body	This speaks of the words of a gossip going into a person’s mind and affecting his thoughts as if they were food that was going into his stomach. Alternate translation: “and they enter a person’s mind and affect his thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	18	9	uih2	figs-metaphor		0	one who is slack in his work is a brother to the one who destroys	This speaks of the one who is slack being similar to the one who destroys as if they were actually related. Alternate translation: “is closely related to” or “is very similar to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	18	9	i66j			0	is slack	“is lazy” or “is not interested”
PRO	18	9	mch5			0	the one who destroys the most	“the one who destroys everything” or “the one who is always destructive”
PRO	18	10	ktq8	figs-metaphor		0	The name of Yahweh is a strong tower	This speaks of Yahweh protecting his people as if he were a strong tower in which they could take refuge. Alternate translation: “Yahweh protects like a strong tower” or “Yahweh protects his people like a strong tower” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	18	10	f4nm	figs-metonymy		0	The name of Yahweh	Here Yahweh is referred to by his name. Alternate translation: “Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	18	10	dtz5	figs-nominaladj		0	the righteous	This refers to righteous people. Alternate translation: “those who are righteous” or “righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PRO	18	10	gkx2	figs-metaphor		0	runs into it and is safe	This speaks of people seeking safety from Yahweh and Yahweh protecting them as if he were a strong tower that they ran into for safety. Alternate translation: “run to him and they are safe” or “seek him and they are safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	18	11	vhu8	figs-metaphor		0	The wealth of the rich is his fortified city	This speaks of a rich person depending on his wealth as if his wealth were a fortified wall that protects him. Alternate translation: “The wealthy person depends on his wealth as a city depends on its fortified wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	18	11	bgq7	figs-nominaladj		0	the rich	This refers to people who are rich. Alternate translation: “the rich person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PRO	18	11	tz4b			0	fortified city	a city with strong defenses like walls and towers
PRO	18	11	kei5	figs-simile		0	in his imagination it is like a high wall	This speaks of the rich person believing his wealth will keep him safe like a high wall keeps those inside a city safe. Alternate translation: “he thinks it protects him as well as a high wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	18	12	r28e			0	Before his downfall a person’s heart is proud	“First a person’s heart is proud, but then comes his downfall”
PRO	18	12	uet1			0	downfall	This refers to a significant decline in a person’s reputation or health.
PRO	18	12	t2l5	figs-synecdoche		0	a person’s heart	Here a person is referred to by his heart to emphasize his thoughts and feelings. Alternate translation: “a person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	18	12	dy4x	figs-abstractnouns		0	humility comes before honor	The word “humility” may be expressed as an adjective and the word “honor” may be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “a person must be humble before he can be honored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	18	13	cj6q	figs-abstractnouns		0	it is his folly and shame	The abstract nouns “folly” and “shame” may be expressed as adjectives. Alternate translation: “it is foolish of him, and he should be ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	18	14	jnm1	figs-synecdoche		0	A person’s spirit will survive sickness	Here a person is referred to by his spirit to emphasize his attitude. Alternate translation: “A person who is hopeful will survive sickness” or “If a person is full of hope in his inner being, he will survive being sick” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	18	14	v3f4	figs-rquestion		0	but a broken spirit who can bear it?	This is a rhetorical question, expecting the answer that few can bear it. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “but it is very hard to bear a broken spirit.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO	18	14	b1vb	figs-idiom		0	a broken spirit	This refers to being depressed. Alternate translation: “being depressed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	18	15	e4fm	figs-synecdoche		0	The heart of the intelligent acquires	Here the intelligent person is referred to by his heart to emphasize his desires. Alternate translation: “The intelligent desire to acquire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	18	15	p7l8	figs-nominaladj		0	the intelligent	This refers to people who are intelligent. Alternate translation: “those who are intelligent” or “intelligent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PRO	18	15	ptl8			0	acquires	“gains” or “obtains”
PRO	18	15	xwh7	figs-metonymy		0	the hearing of the wise seeks it out	Here the wise person is referred to by his hearing to emphasize what he desires to listen to. Alternate translation: “the wise seeks to learn about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	18	15	a1ba	figs-nominaladj		0	the wise	This refers to people who are wise. Alternate translation: “those who are wise” or “wise people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PRO	18	15	enq3			0	seeks it out	Here the word “it” refers to “knowledge”
PRO	18	16	zkj3	figs-idiom		0	may open the way	Here to “open the way” means to create an opportunity. Alternate translation: “may create an opportunity for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	18	16	wr8f	figs-idiom		0	bring him before	This means to be allowed to see someone. Alternate translation: “let him meet” or “let him be introduced to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	18	17	ct71	translate-ordinal		0	The first to plead his case	This refers to the person who pleads his case before his opponent pleads his case. Alternate translation: “The first person to plead his case” or “The person who pleads his case first” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PRO	18	18	qs89			0	Casting the lot	“Casting lots”
PRO	18	18	n3hk	figs-explicit		0	separates strong opponents	This refers to people who are fighting harshly over a dispute. When they are separated, they are no longer fighting over their dispute. Alternate translation: “causes opponents to stop fighting over their dispute” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	18	19	dcj5	figs-metaphor		0	An offended brother is harder to be won than a strong city	This speaks of the difficulty of making peace with a brother you have offended by comparing it to the difficulty of winning a war against a strong city. Alternate translation: “If you offend your brother, finding a way to have peace with him again may be harder than waging a battle to win a city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	18	19	zq5y	figs-simile		0	quarreling is like the bars of a castle	This speaks of the difficulty of resolving quarreling by comparing it to the difficulty of breaking down the bars of a castle. Alternate translation: “resolving quarreling is as difficult as breaking down the bars of a castle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	18	19	ef13			0	castle	a fortified palace
PRO	18	20	qaf4	figs-parallelism		0	From the fruit of his mouth one’s stomach is filled; with the harvest of his lips he is satisfied	These two lines have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize what is said. They can be combined. Alternate translation: “A person is satisfied by the results of the good things that he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO	18	20	h4tr	figs-metaphor		0	the fruit of his mouth	This speaks of the good things that a person says as if they were fruit that came from his mouth. Alternate translation: “his wise speech” or “his good words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	18	20	p1z6	figs-metaphor		0	one’s stomach is filled	This speaks of a person being satisfied or content by the result of what they have said as if they had eaten and become satisfied” Alternate translation: “a person is satisfied” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	18	20	r4ee	figs-metonymy		0	the harvest of his lips	This speaks of the good things that a person says as if they were fruit that is harvested. Alternate translation: “his wise speech” or “his good words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	18	20	x66t			0	he is satisfied	“he is pleased”
PRO	18	21	flt4	figs-activepassive		0	Death and life are controlled by the tongue	This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “The tongue can lead to life of death” or “What people say can lead to life or death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	18	21	n65f	figs-metonymy		0	by the tongue … love the tongue	Here the “tongue” refers to speech. Alternate translation: “by what people say … love speaking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	18	21	l141	figs-metaphor		0	will eat its fruit	This speaks of a person receiving the consequence for what he says as if the consequences were fruit that he receives. Alternate translation: “will receive its consequences” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	18	24	wg3n	figs-activepassive		0	many friends is brought to ruin by them	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “many friends--they will bring him to ruin” or “many friends--his friends will destroy him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	18	24	zc7f			0	comes closer than	“is more faithful than” or “stays more loyal than”
PRO	19	intro	nbz8			0		# Proverbs 19 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 19 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO	19	1	ev8n			0	Better is a poor person	“It is better to be a poor person”
PRO	19	1	bpi4	figs-idiom		0	who walks in his integrity	This is an idiom. Here walking refers to living. Alternate translation: “who lives in his integrity” or “who lives an honest life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	19	1	wj4i	figs-abstractnouns		0	is perverse in speech	The word “speech” may be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “speaks perversely” or “speaks in an evil way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	19	2	u1uj	figs-explicit		0	to have desire without knowledge	This refers to people trying to do something without the knowledge for how to correctly do it. Alternate translation: “to work hard without knowing what you are doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	19	2	f2pu	figs-metaphor		0	the one who runs too fast misses the path	This speaks of a person doing something too quickly and making mistakes as if running too quickly and missing the path. Alternate translation: “the one who acts too quickly makes mistakes” or “the one who acts too quickly makes poor choices” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	19	3	ivv9	figs-synecdoche		0	his heart rages	Here a person is referred to by his “heart” to emphasize his emotions. Alternate translation: “he rages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	19	4	q8uv	figs-explicit		0	Wealth adds many friends	This means that a person who is wealthy will have many friends because wealth attracts people. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Those who are wealthy easily find many friends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	19	4	v5qy	figs-explicit		0	a poor person is separated from his friends	A poor person is separated from many of his friends because of his poverty. The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “poverty causes a person to lose his friends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	19	5	l99e	figs-doublenegatives		0	A false witness will not go unpunished	This can be written in positive and active form. Alternate translation: “They will certainly punish a false witness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	19	5	i2ws	figs-litotes		0	he who breathes out lies will not escape	This means that he will be captured. Alternate translation: “they will capture the one who breathes out lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
PRO	19	5	q13j	figs-idiom		0	breathes out lies	This is an idiom. Here “breathes” refers to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/19.md). Alternate translation: “constantly lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	19	6	gms6			0	a generous person	someone who often gives away things
PRO	19	6	q978	figs-hyperbole		0	everyone is a friend	The word “everyone” is an exaggeration. Alternate translation: “it seems that everyone is a friend” or “almost everyone is a friend” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
PRO	19	7	vs3i	figs-explicit		0	how much more do his friends who go far away from him!	This phrase is an exclamation to show that this is more likely than the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “therefore his friends will certainly hate him and go far away from him!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	19	8	ll4q	figs-metonymy		0	loves his own life	Here the person is referred to by his “life” to emphasize himself being alive. Alternate translation: “loves himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	19	8	v9e9			0	keeps understanding	“has understanding”
PRO	19	9	phm9	figs-doublenegatives		0	A false witness will not go unpunished	This can be written in positive and active form. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 19:5](../19/05.md). Alternate translation: “They will certainly punish a false witness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	19	9	a1nm	figs-idiom		0	breathes out lies	This figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/19.md). Alternate translation: “constantly lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	19	10	f4zn			0	It is not fitting	“It is not right”
PRO	19	10	pq5q	figs-ellipsis		0	much less for a slave	The words “it is” and “fitting” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated. Alternate translation: “it is much less fitting for a slave” or “it is even worse for a slave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PRO	19	11	ah27			0	Discretion makes a person slow to anger	“A person who has discretion is slow to become angry”
PRO	19	11	j1li			0	Discretion	This means to know what should be done in a particular situation. See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 1:4](../01/04.md).
PRO	19	11	p96c			0	it is his glory to overlook	“it will bring him glory to overlook” or “others will consider it honorable if he overlooks”
PRO	19	11	gc21			0	to overlook	to forget on purpose
PRO	19	12	vbv5	figs-simile		0	The wrath of the king is like the roaring of a young lion	Here the lion’s roaring refers to attacking. The wrath of a king is compared to the unpredictable and dangerous attack of a young lion. Alternate translation: “The wrath of the king is as dangerous as the attack of a young lion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	19	12	m29g	figs-simile		0	but his favor is like dew on the grass	The favor of the king is compared to the refreshing water that appears on grass in the morning. Alternate translation: “but his favor is refreshing like dew on grass” or “but his favor is refreshing like the dew on the ground in the morning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	19	13	v325			0	is ruin to his father	“will ruin a father”
PRO	19	13	s1nw	figs-metaphor		0	a quarreling wife is a constant dripping of water	This speaks of an annoying wife as if she were the constant dripping of water. Alternate translation: “a quarreling wife is as annoying and distracting as a constant dripping of water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	19	13	l7wk			0	a quarreling wife	“an arguing wife” or “a disagreeing wife”
PRO	19	14	t54q	figs-activepassive		0	A house and wealth are inherited from parents	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Children inherit a house and wealth from their parents” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	19	14	csr4			0	prudent	See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 12:23](../12/23.md).
PRO	19	14	jw8q	figs-activepassive		0	a prudent wife is from Yahweh	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gives a prudent wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	19	15	ye6v	figs-personification		0	Laziness throws a person into a deep sleep	This speaks of how laziness causes a person to sleep a lot as if laziness forcefully throws the person into sleep. Alternate translation: “Laziness makes a person sleep a lot” or “A lazy person sleeps a lot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	19	15	jcb5	figs-idiom		0	go hungry	This is an idiom which means to not eat. Alternate translation: “not eat” or “be hungry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	19	16	xr2k			0	the command	“the command that he was taught”
PRO	19	16	v2yl			0	guards his life	“protects his life”
PRO	19	16	ik59	figs-idiom		0	his ways	This is an idiom which refers to how he lives. Alternate translation: “the way that he lives” or “how he lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	19	17	zw6r	figs-metaphor		0	Whoever is kind to the poor lends to Yahweh	Yahweh considers kindness shown to the poor to be kindness shown to him. One of the ways people are kind to the poor is by giving. Alternate translation: “The person who gives to the poor is giving to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	19	17	qx9d	figs-nominaladj		0	the poor	This refers to poor people. Alternate translation: “those who are poor” or “poor people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PRO	19	18	nw29	figs-explicit		0	while there is hope	This refers to while the child is young and will still accept discipline and instruction. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “while he is young” or “while he can still be taught” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	19	18	md5c	figs-explicit		0	and do not set your desire on putting him to death	This could mean: (1) this phrase describes punishing your child. Alternate translation: “but do not punish him so severely that he might die” or (2) this phrase describes what it is like if you do not punish your child. Alternate translation: “for if you do not punish him you are helping him destroy himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	19	18	hky1	figs-idiom		0	set your desire on putting him	This idiom means to be determined to cause something to happen. Alternate translation: “be determined to put him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	19	19	n85t	figs-idiom		0	A hot-tempered person	This idiom refers to a person who is easily angered. Alternate translation: “A person who does not control his temper” or “A person who becomes angry quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	19	19	f2vs	figs-idiom		0	must pay the penalty	This refers to the person bearing the consequences for what happens when he gets angry. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “must bear the consequences of his anger” or “must bear the consequences of what he does in his anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	19	19	s1da	figs-explicit		0	if you rescue him	“if you save him.” This refers to rescuing him when he has acted out of his anger. The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “if you rescue him after he has had an outburst” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	19	19	dnq3	translate-ordinal		0	a second time	“another time” or “again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
PRO	19	20	gby8	figs-parallelism		0	Listen to advice and accept instruction	These two phrases mean basically the same and are repeated to emphasize how important it is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO	19	20	egn7	figs-idiom		0	Listen to advice	This is an idiom. Here “listening” does not mean to merely listen, but to learn from the advice you are given and to follow it. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to advice” or “Follow advice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	19	21	c7qg	figs-metonymy		0	in a person’s heart	Here the “heart” is used to refer to the “mind” to emphasize a person’s desire. Alternate translation: “in a person’s mind” or “that a person desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	19	21	f82d			0	the purpose of Yahweh	“Yahweh’s purpose” or “Yahweh’s plans”
PRO	19	21	q568	figs-idiom		0	that will stand	This idiom means to “happen.” Alternate translation: “that will happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	19	23	x7qy	figs-explicit		0	Honor for Yahweh leads people to life; anyone who has it will be satisfied	This means that they will live a long time if they honor Yahweh. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Those who honor Yahweh will live a long time; anyone who honors Yahweh will be satisfied” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	19	23	h31x			0	anyone who has it	Here the word “it” refers to “honor for Yahweh.”
PRO	19	23	gyg5	figs-activepassive		0	satisfied and not afflicted by harm	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “satisfied; nothing will harm him” or “satisfied; he will be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	19	24	wf2e			0	sluggard	See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 10:26](../10/26.md).
PRO	19	24	r5yj			0	buries his hand in the dish	“dips his hand in the dish” or “puts his hand in his plate.” In the Biblical culture people usually ate with their hands as people do in many cultures today.
PRO	19	24	r3ts	figs-explicit		0	he will not even bring it back up to his mouth	He does not bring his hand back to his mouth because he is too lazy. Alternate translation: “but he is too lazy to bring his hand up to his mouth to feed himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	19	25	svj3			0	Strike a mocker, and the naive person	“If you strike a mocker, the naive person”
PRO	19	25	k69j			0	Strike a mocker	“Punish a mocker”
PRO	19	25	zh2b			0	naive person	“inexperienced person” or “immature person”
PRO	19	25	v49d			0	prudent	See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 12:23](../12/23.md).
PRO	19	25	m391			0	discipline one who is discerning, and	“if you discipline one who is discerning,”
PRO	19	25	wwq5	figs-abstractnouns		0	he will gain knowledge	The abstract noun “knowledge” can be stated as “know.” Alternate translation: “he will know more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	19	26	g233	figs-explicit		0	brings shame and reproach	This could mean: (1) he brings it to himself. Alternate translation: “brings shame and reproach to himself” or (2) he brings it to his family. Alternate translation: “brings shame and reproach to his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	19	27	n4av	figs-metonymy		0	If you cease to hear instruction	Here “listening and obeying” is spoken of as if it were “hearing.” Alternate translation: “If you stop paying attention to instruction” or “If you stop obeying instruction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	19	27	s24z			0	you will stray from	“you will abandon” or “you will turn your back on”
PRO	19	27	y3ln			0	the words of knowledge	“knowledge”
PRO	19	28	d2w1	figs-metaphor		0	the mouth of the wicked swallows iniquity	This speaks of how wicked people enjoy doing evil by saying that they swallow iniquity as easily as they swallow food. Alternate translation: “the wicked enjoy doing evil as much as they enjoy eating food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	19	28	aq9f	figs-synecdoche		0	the mouth of the wicked swallows	The phrase “the mouth of the wicked” represents wicked people. Alternate translation: “wicked people swallow” or “the wicked swallow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	19	28	g9y4	figs-nominaladj		0	the wicked	This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “the wicked person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PRO	19	29	d4f3	figs-abstractnouns		0	Condemnation is ready for mockers and flogging for	The words “condemnation” and “flogging” may be expressed as verbs. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is ready to condemn mockers and to flog” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	19	29	ray2	figs-ellipsis		0	flogging for the backs of fools	The words “is ready” are understood from the previous phrase and may be repeated. Alternate translation: “flogging is ready for the backs of fools” or “he is ready to flog the backs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PRO	19	29	r21d			0	flogging	beating with a whip or stick
PRO	20	intro	e8g2			0		# Proverbs 20 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 20 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO	20	1	p893	figs-parallelism		0	Wine is a mocker and strong drink is a brawler	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined to emphasize the danger of too much alcohol. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO	20	1	v7zx	figs-metonymy		0	Wine is a mocker	Here “wine” refers to the person who is drunk with wine. Alternate translation: “A person who is drunk with wine mocks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	20	1	qa7m	figs-metonymy		0	strong drink is a brawler	Here “strong drink” refers to a person who is drunk with strong drink. Alternate translation: “a person who is drunk with strong drink starts fights” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	20	1	c6m7			0	a brawler	a person who fights noisily, usually in a public place
PRO	20	1	ne6h	figs-activepassive		0	whoever is led astray by drink is not wise	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whoever drinks until they can no longer think clearly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	20	1	g7rv			0	by drink	Here “drink” refers to alcoholic drinks
PRO	20	1	k4sv	figs-litotes		0	is not wise	This means the opposite of “wise” which is “foolish.” Alternate translation: “is foolish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
PRO	20	2	p628	figs-simile		0	The fear of a king is like the fear of a young lion that is roaring	This compares how people fear a king’s wrath to how they fear a young roaring lion. Alternate translation: “The king’s wrath makes people as afraid as if they were facing a young lion roaring at them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	20	2	xa6x			0	makes him angry	“makes the king angry”
PRO	20	2	rl5y	figs-euphemism		0	forfeits his life	This refers to being killed. “Life” here refers to physical life. Alternate translation: “will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
PRO	20	3	ru7h			0	It is an honor	“It is honorable.” This means that a person will be honored.
PRO	20	3	gf5b	figs-metaphor		0	every fool jumps into an argument	This speaks of entering an argument quickly as if the argument were something the fool physically jumped into. Alternate translation: “every fool quickly gets into an argument” or “every fool is quick to join an argument” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	20	4	cva3			0	plow	to prepare land for planting
PRO	20	4	tdr6			0	in autumn	“during the season for planting crops”
PRO	20	4	z5wi	figs-explicit		0	but will have nothing	This means that there will be nothing growing in his field for him to harvest. Alternate translation: “but will have nothing to harvest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	20	5	f8de	figs-simile		0	The purpose in a human heart is like deep water	This speaks of how difficult it is to understand the reasons for a person’s actions by comparing it to the difficulty of reaching the water in a deep well. Alternate translation: “It is as difficult to understand the purpose in the human heart as it is to reach the water in a deep well” or “The purpose of in the human heart is very difficult to understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	20	5	qr3j			0	someone with understanding	“a person who has understanding”
PRO	20	5	fk7w	figs-metaphor		0	will draw it out	This speaks of figuring out the purpose of the human heart as if it was water being drawn from a deep well. Alternate translation: “will cause the purpose to be known” or “will figure it out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	20	6	lmq9			0	is loyal	“is faithful” or “is trustworthy”
PRO	20	6	xut9	figs-rquestion		0	but who can find one who is faithful?	The implicit answer is “few can find someone like that.” This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “but few men can find a person who is faithful!” or “but it is hard to find a person who really is faithful!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO	20	7	s7th	figs-idiom		0	walks in his integrity	Here walking refers to living. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 19:1](../19/01.md). Alternate translation: “lives by his integrity” or “lives an honest life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	20	7	y2ed	figs-explicit		0	his sons who follow after him	This simply means that they “follow after him” since they are younger than he and his children. If this phrase is awkward in your language it may be left to be implied. Alternate translation: “his sons after him” or “his sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	20	8	j9up	figs-metaphor		0	is winnowing with his eyes all the evil that is before him	This speaks of the king judging between various types of evil as if he were separating them as a person winnows grain. Alternate translation: “sees and sorts the different kinds of evils that are brought before him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	20	9	p5m8	figs-rquestion		0	Who can say, “I have kept my heart pure; I am clean from my sin”?	The implicit answer to this question is, “No one can say that.” This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can say that his heart is clean and that he is free from sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO	20	9	s43m	figs-metonymy		0	my heart	Here a person’s “heart” refers to his thoughts and desires. Alternate translation: “my thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	20	9	d5hx	figs-metaphor		0	clean	A person who God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if the person where physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	20	9	xb5x			0	I am clean from my sin	“I am without sin” or “I have not sinned”
PRO	20	11	yym3	figs-activepassive		0	Even a youth is known by his actions	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People know a young man by his actions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	20	11	m4db			0	whether his conduct is pure and upright	“whether his conduct is pure and upright or not”
PRO	20	11	xm83			0	his conduct	“his deeds” or “what he does”
PRO	20	11	we5b	figs-doublet		0	pure and upright	These two words basically mean the same thing and emphasize how good this young person is. They can be combined into one word if necessary. Alternate translation: “pure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PRO	20	13	h9et	figs-idiom		0	come to poverty	The phrase “come to” here means to transition into a new situation; to become. Alternate translation: “become poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	20	13	ee3x	figs-metonymy		0	open your eyes	Here “opening one’s eyes” is spoken of as “being awake.” Alternate translation: “stay awake” or “be alert” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	20	14	zh4l	figs-explicit		0	“Bad! Bad!” says the buyer, but when he goes away he boasts	Here a buyer is criticizing what someone is selling to get a low price from him. After he buys he boasts about the good price that he pursuaded the seller to give him. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “‘Bad! Bad!’ says the buyer criticizing the seller’s wares, but after he buys he goes away he boasting about the low price that he paid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	20	15	cv2k	figs-metaphor		0	lips of knowledge are a precious jewel	This speaks of the value of lips of knowledge by comparing them to a precious jewel. Alternate translation: “lips of knowledge are as valuable as an expensive jewel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	20	15	tt4d	figs-metonymy		0	lips of knowledge	Here “words” are referred to as “lips.” Alternate translation: “wise words” or “words of knowledge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	20	16	sn35	figs-explicit		0	Take a garment of one who has put up security for a stranger	When lending money, the lender would take something from the borrower, such as a garment, as a guarantee of repayment. He would return it after the money was repaid. If the borrower was too poor, someone else could give something to the lender as a guarantee for him. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Take a garment as security from the one who guarantees that what a stranger has borrowed will be paid back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	20	16	cv1m	figs-idiom		0	puts up security	This is an idiom. It means that someone gives something to a lender as a guarantee that what was borrowed will be paid. Alternate translation: “guarantees that what has been borrowed will be paid back” or “promises to pay a loan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	20	16	e647	figs-idiom		0	hold it in pledge	This is an idiom. To “hold something in pledge” means to hold on to something that someone has given as a pledge, or promise, that he will pay a debt. Alternate translation: “hold onto his coat as a guarantee of repayment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	20	17	zi4r	figs-activepassive		0	Bread gained by deceit	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Bread that someone gained by deceit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	20	17	gjt2	figs-abstractnouns		0	by deceit	The word “deceit” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “by deceiving others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	20	17	lnt5	figs-metonymy		0	Bread	Here “bread” refers to food in general. Alternate translation: “Food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	20	17	fz1i			0	tastes sweet	“tastes good”
PRO	20	17	tu5a	figs-metaphor		0	but afterward his mouth will be full of gravel	This speaks of the food tasting unpleasant as if his mouth were actually full of gravel instead of food. Alternate translation: “but afterwards it tastes like gravel in his mouth” or “but soon it tastes like sand in his mouth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	20	17	du9w			0	gravel	small pieces of rock
PRO	20	18	mjl4	figs-activepassive		0	Plans are established by advice	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People establish plans based on advice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	20	19	i4ch			0	A gossip	This means someone who gossips a lot.
PRO	20	19	i2mb			0	you should not associate with	“you should not be friends with”
PRO	20	20	v9ff			0	If a person curses	This means if a someone express a desire that bad things will happen to someone else.
PRO	20	20	el23	figs-metaphor		0	his lamp will be snuffed out in the middle of darkness	This speaks of a person dying suddenly and unexpectedly as if his life were a lamp snuffed out in the dark. Alternate translation: “his life will end as suddenly as the light of a lamp that is snuffed out in the dark” or “he will die suddenly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	20	20	e6a4	figs-activepassive		0	his lamp will be snuffed out	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “his lamp will go out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	20	20	un31	figs-synecdoche		0	his lamp	This refers to a lamp with a burning flame. Here the lamp’s flame is referred to as the lamp itself. Alternate translation: “the flame of his lamp” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	20	20	a13a			0	snuffed out	to cause a flame to go out
PRO	20	21	mk5b	figs-explicit		0	at the beginning	This refers to a person receiving his inheritance before he is supposed to receive it. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “before the right time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	20	22	pj94	figs-idiom		0	I will pay you back	This means to do wrong to someone because they have done wrong to you. Alternate translation: “I will punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	20	22	ti5g	figs-idiom		0	Wait for Yahweh	This means to have faith that Yahweh will deal with the situation. Alternate translation: “Have faith in Yahweh” or “Hope in Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	20	23	x2rc	figs-parallelism		0	Yahweh hates unequal weights and dishonest scales are not good	These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are combined to emphasize how bad this is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO	20	24	re6n	figs-activepassive		0	A person’s steps are directed by Yahweh	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh directs a person’s steps” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	20	24	i9ej	figs-synecdoche		0	A person’s steps	This refers to the various things a person does. Alternate translation: “A person’s actions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	20	24	mfy9	figs-rquestion		0	how then can he understand his way?	The implicit answer is that he cannot understand it. This rhetorical question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “therefore, a person cannot understand his way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO	20	24	s44t	figs-idiom		0	understand his way	This is an idiom. The phrase “his way” refers to the person’s life. Alternate translation: “understand why some things happen in his life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	20	25	qfw5	figs-metaphor		0	It is a snare	This speaks of something being dangerous as if it were a trap or a snare. Alternate translation: “It is dangerous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	20	25	x37x			0	to say rashly	to say something quickly and without careful consideration of what it might mean
PRO	20	25	tt8z	figs-explicit		0	making his vow	The person has made a vow declaring that something is holy and dedicated to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “dedicating it to Yahweh” or “declaring it holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	20	26	cgd9	figs-metaphor		0	winnows the wicked	This speaks of the king separating the wicked people as if they were grain that he was winnowing. Alternate translation: “separates the wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	20	26	m44h	figs-nominaladj		0	the wicked	This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “those who are wicked” or “the wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PRO	20	26	rs2y	figs-metaphor		0	he turns a threshing wheel over them	This speaks of the king punishing the wicked as if he were driving a threshing wheel over them. Alternate translation: “he severely punishes them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	20	26	sy6b			0	threshing wheel	“threshing cart.” This is a tool used to crush grain and help separate it from the chaff.
PRO	20	27	x5vx	figs-metaphor		0	The spirit of a person is the lamp of Yahweh, searching all his inmost parts	This speaks of a person’s spirit as if it were a lamp. A person’s spirit helps him to understand his inner self. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given us a spirit to understand our deepest selves, just as a lamp makes you see in the dark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	20	28	f9he	figs-activepassive		0	Covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness preserve the king	The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The king preserves himself by being trustworthy and faithful to the covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	20	28	dyd6			0	preserve the king	keep the king safe from harm
PRO	20	28	dym8	figs-metonymy		0	his throne is made secure by love	Here “throne” represents the king’s power to rule. The abstract noun “love” can be stated as a verb. Also, this can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a king ensures that he will rule for a long time by loving others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	20	30	g7u1	figs-parallelism		0	Blows that make a wound cleanse away evil and beatings make the innermost parts clean	Both statements mean the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. Using physical punishment to correct a person is spoken of as if the evil were dirt and the beatings cleansed him. Alternate translation: “Beating a person who has done wrong will correct him and cause him to be a better person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	21	intro	ge8s			0		# Proverbs 21 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 21 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO	21	1	w5md	figs-metaphor		0	The king’s heart is a stream of water in the hand of Yahweh	The writer speaks of the king’s heart as if it were an irrigation ditch in a dry area through which people direct water to plants that need it. Alternate translation: “Yahweh controls the king’s heart as a man directs water for irrigation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	21	1	t1m8	figs-metonymy		0	The king’s heart	The heart is a metaphor for what a person thinks and what he wants to do. Alternate translation: “The king’s thoughts and actions” or “What the king thinks and what he wants to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	21	2	yz3c	figs-metaphor		0	Every person’s way is right in his own eyes	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. The writer speaks of what a person does as if it that person were walking down a path. Alternate translation: “Every person thinks that what he does is good” or “Every person judges what he does as good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	21	2	xmb4	figs-metaphor		0	who weighs the hearts	The writer speaks of Yahweh deciding whether a person desires to do what is right as if Yahweh were looking at a physical object and deciding whether it is of good quality. Alternate translation: “who will judge the motives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	21	3	qs6t			0	To do what is right	“To do what Yahweh thinks is right”
PRO	21	3	ezq6			0	To do what is … just	“To treat people the way Yahweh wants people to treat other people”
PRO	21	3	f31f			0	just is more acceptable to Yahweh	“just—Yahweh wants this more”
PRO	21	4	ps7v	figs-synecdoche		0	Haughty eyes and a proud heart	The words “eyes” and “heart” are synecdoches for a person who considers himself better than other people and wants other people to know it. Alternate translation: “People who want others to think that they are better than other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PRO	21	4	xvr4	figs-synecdoche		0	Haughty eyes	This is a synecdoche for a person who wants others to know that he thinks he is better than they are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	21	4	gk4s	figs-synecdoche		0	proud heart	This is a synecdoche for a person who thinks he is better than others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	21	4	y68u	figs-metaphor		0	the lamp of the wicked	The things that help the wicked are spoken of as a lamp. Alternate translation: “the things that help a wicked person like a lamp helps to see in the dark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	21	5	mmd8	figs-nominaladj		0	the diligent	This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “a diligent man” or “a man who works hard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PRO	21	5	xi4l	figs-abstractnouns		0	comes only to poverty	The abstract noun “poverty” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “only becomes poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	21	6	vsi8			0	Acquiring riches	“Gaining wealth”
PRO	21	6	bc5d	figs-metonymy		0	a lying tongue	The tongue is a metonym for the words a person uses the tongue to speak. Alternate translation: “speaking lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	21	6	w3kd	figs-metaphor		0	a fleeting vapor	The writer likens the riches a person gains by lying to a mist that quickly goes away in the morning. Alternate translation: “a disappearing mist” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	21	6	l9ag	figs-metaphor		0	a snare that kills	The writer speaks of the riches that a person gains by lying as if it were the bait in a hunter’s trap; the word “snare” is a metonym for the bait that attracts the animal into the snare. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	21	7	zn7h	figs-personification		0	The violence of the wicked will drag them away	The writer speaks as though violence were a person who could drag other people away. God will punish wicked people who harm their innocent neighbors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	21	7	ce4f	figs-abstractnouns		0	violence of the wicked	The abstract noun “violence” refers to violent deeds or things people do to harm their innocent neighbors. The word “wicked” is a nominal adjective that refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “The violent actions of wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PRO	21	7	i5j5	figs-explicit		0	drag them away	This phrase refers to dragging a net through water to catch fish. The wicked being destroyed by their own actions is spoken of as if their actions trapped them in a net like one would catch fish. AT “drag them away like fish” or “destroy them as easily as one catches fish in a net” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	21	8	qgr2	figs-idiom		0	The way of a guilty person is crooked	This compares the way one lives to a crooked road one may travel. This is also an idiom. Alternate translation: “The way a guilty person lives is crooked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	21	8	y9c2	figs-metaphor		0	crooked	Here “crooked” means bent or not straight. This is a metaphor for morally wrong. Alternate translation: “wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	21	9	gff3	figs-explicit		0	a corner of the roof	Houses in those days had flat roofs. Ancient Israelites spent much time on their roofs, where it was often cooler than inside the house, and sometimes people would build a shelter large enough for a person to sleep in on one corner of the roof. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	21	9	j9e1			0	quarrelsome wife	“wife who often argues and complains”
PRO	21	10	x3rs	figs-personification		0	The appetite of the wicked craves evil	The writer speaks of a person’s appetite, the physical desire for food and drink, as if it were a person who could desire something. The word “wicked” is a nominal adjective that refers to evil people, and the word “evil” is a nominal adjective that refers to evil deeds. Alternate translation: “Evil people desire to do evil deeds just as they desire to eat and drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PRO	21	10	a2dz			0	craves	desires strongly
PRO	21	10	d5qd	figs-idiom		0	his neighbor finds no favor in his eyes	The idiom to “find favor” means to have someone approve of and act kindly towards the one who finds favor. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents a person’s thoughts and attitude towards another person. Alternate translation: “his neighbor does not receive favor from him” or “he does not act kindly towards his neighbor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	21	11	rd8s	figs-activepassive		0	When the mocker is punished	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “When someone punishes the mocker” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	21	11	a11r			0	the naive	“those who have no experience” or “those who are not mature”
PRO	21	11	a6a5			0	the mocker	“the person who mocks others”
PRO	21	11	m512	figs-activepassive		0	when the wise person is instructed	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “when someone instructs the wise person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	21	11	ylu9	figs-metaphor		0	lays hold of knowledge	Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were an object that someone could grasp and keep for himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	21	12	t3bj			0	The righteous	This could mean: (1) any righteous person or (2) “Yahweh the one who is righteous.”
PRO	21	12	bc3u			0	watches the house	“pays careful attention to the house” “looks to see what happens to the house”
PRO	21	12	tem1	figs-metaphor		0	he brings wicked people to disaster	Here disaster is spoken of as if it were a place that someone could be brought to. Alternate translation: “he destroys them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	21	13	uc5n	figs-idiom		0	The one who shuts his ears to the cry of the poor	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “The one who will not listen when poor people ask for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	21	13	iv38	figs-metonymy		0	he will not be answered	The word “answered” is a metonym for a person hearing another person ask for help and acting to help. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will do anything to help him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	21	14	h1vz			0	appeases anger	“makes an angry person feel better so he is no longer angry”
PRO	21	15	p2ln	figs-abstractnouns		0	When justice is done	The abstract noun “justice” can be translated as a noun phrase. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “When rulers do what is just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	21	16	cj4z	figs-idiom		0	wanders from the way of understanding	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “no longer lives wisely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	21	16	t6m2			0	he will rest in the assembly of the dead	“he will remain in the assembly of dead spirits”
PRO	21	18	mh2v	figs-metaphor		0	is ransom for	The word “ransom” is a metaphor for one person who takes the place of another person. Here the person who does what is wrong is punished instead of the person who does what is right. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	21	18	qt7k			0	the treacherous	a person who harms those who trust him by lying and otherwise dealing falsely
PRO	21	18	n28n			0	upright people	“righteous people” or “honest people” or “just people”
PRO	21	20	r84p	figs-nominaladj		0	wise	This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “wise person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PRO	21	20	nw25			0	swallows it all up	“uses it all for no good purpose” or “wastes it”
PRO	21	22	d84j			0	scales the city	“climbs up and over the wall that surrounds the city”
PRO	21	22	v5jk			0	the city of the mighty ones	“a city in which mighty men are living” or “a city of mighty warriors”
PRO	21	22	p6cm	figs-idiom		0	he brings down	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he destroys” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	21	22	w292			0	the stronghold in which they trusted	“the walls and towers around the city that they did not think anyone would be able to get past into the city, so they felt safe”
PRO	21	23	xw3q	figs-doublet		0	Whoever guards his mouth and tongue	Both “mouth” and “tongue” refer to what a person says. Alternate translation: “Whoever is careful in what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	21	24	c77j			0	The proud and haughty person … acts with arrogant pride	“You can expect a proud and haughty people to act with arrogant pride”
PRO	21	24	m76a	figs-doublet		0	proud and haughty	These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize how prideful the person is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PRO	21	24	rf25	figs-metonymy		0	“Mocker” is his name	The word “name” is a metonym for what people would call him. Alternate translation: “a mocker is what you should call him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	21	25	pzb9	figs-personification		0	The desire of the lazy kills him	The writer speaks of what a person wants as if it were a person who could kill a lazy person. Here the lazy person wants to be idle and not work. Alternate translation: “A lazy person only wants to be idle, and because of that he will die” or “A lazy person will die because he does not want to work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PRO	21	25	dt4f	figs-synecdoche		0	his hands refuse	The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “he refuses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	21	26	vgt6			0	craves	desires strongly
PRO	21	26	es9x	figs-litotes		0	gives and does not hold back	The phrase “does not hold back” can be stated positively, and what he gives can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “gives everything he should” or “gives generously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
PRO	21	27	fq9a			0	The sacrifice of the wicked is detestable	The writer does not mention Yahweh here, as in [Proverbs 15:8](../15/08.md), but the reader should understand that it is Yahweh who detests the sacrifice of the wicked.
PRO	21	27	l3le	figs-nominaladj		0	the wicked	The nominal adjective “wicked” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “the wicked person” or “wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PRO	21	27	iy31			0	it is even more detestable	“Yahweh detests the sacrifice even more”
PRO	21	28	h8d4			0	will speak for all time	This is because people will never forget what he said.
PRO	21	29	z6tg	figs-idiom		0	makes his face hard	This could mean: (1) “pretends to be courageous” or (2) “will not listen to correction.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	21	29	ts1r	figs-metaphor		0	is certain about his ways	A person’s actions are spoken of as if they were a path upon which the person walks. Alternate translation: “is certain about what he does” or “is confident about what he does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	21	30	n8kt	figs-abstractnouns		0	There is no wisdom, there is no understanding, and there is no advice that	The words “there is” are repeated to emphasize the abstract nouns “wisdom,” “understanding,” and “advice.” Yahweh is greater than anything that anyone can know or think or say. Your language may require that you not repeat “there is no.” The abstract nouns can be translated as adjectives or verbs. Alternate translation: “There is no wise person, there is no one who understands anything, and there is no one who tells others what to do who” or “There is no wisdom, understanding, or advice that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	21	30	k3pe			0	stand against Yahweh	“defeat Yahweh” or “work against what Yahweh wants to do” or “show that he is right and Yahweh is wrong”
PRO	21	31	j1hq	figs-activepassive		0	The horse is prepared for the day of battle	These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Soldiers prepare horses for the day of battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	21	31	i6w8	figs-idiom		0	the day of battle	The word “day” refers to time that may be longer or shorter than a day. Alternate translation: “when there is a battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	22	intro	t5zj			0		# Proverbs 22 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 22 ends the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>The second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to the “Wise Men.” The exact identity of the men is unknown.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>With this new section of proverbs, the author begins to use many rhetorical questions. The obvious answers should convince the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO	22	1	but9	figs-activepassive		0	A good name is to be chosen over great riches	These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “A person should choose a good name rather than great riches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	22	1	m8c7			0	A good name	“To have others think that one is a good person”
PRO	22	3	nt9p			0	A prudent man	“A man who is wise” or “A man who has good sense.” See how you translated “prudent” in [Proverbs 12:16](../12/16.md).
PRO	22	3	cm2a			0	the naive	“the inexperienced and immature”
PRO	22	5	e8f6	figs-metaphor		0	Thorns and snares lie in the path of the perverse	The writer speaks of the way perverse people live as if it were a path on which the perverse will have trouble because of the natural “thorns” and man-made “snares.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	22	5	r2h1			0	snares	traps to catch animals
PRO	22	5	dku9	figs-nominaladj		0	the perverse	This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “perverse people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PRO	22	5	f1ap	figs-metaphor		0	whoever guards his life	A person doing what he needs to do so he can live a long time is spoken of as if that person were keeping thieves away from a physical object. Alternate translation: “people who want to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	22	6	je4e	figs-metaphor		0	the way he should go	How a person lives is spoken of as if it were a path on which he walks. Alternate translation: “how he should live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	22	7	dk14	figs-explicit		0	borrows … lends	You may need to make explicit what it is that is borrowed or lent. Alternate translation: “borrows money … lends money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	22	8	l36j	figs-metaphor		0	He who sows injustice will reap trouble	The writer speaks of a ruler or other powerful person treating those less powerful unjustly as if he were planting seeds that will give birth to plants that bring trouble. Alternate translation: “If a person treats those less powerful than he is unjustly, they will cause him trouble later on” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	22	8	htf6	figs-metonymy		0	the rod of his fury will fade away	The word “rod” is a metonym for power over other people. This could mean: (1) the unjust ruler will lose the power that he had that allowed him to treat other people unjustly or (2) when the people respond to the injustice he had done by harming him, he will have no power to stop them. Alternate translation: “he will no longer have the power that he had used to harm people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	22	8	yu9g	figs-metonymy		0	rod of his fury	The word “rod” is a metonym for power over other people. The unjust man was harming innocent people as if he were very angry with them. Alternate translation: “the rod he had used as if he were punishing people” or “the power he used to harm others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	22	8	kpt4			0	will fade away	The word translated “fade away” is also used of plants drying up.
PRO	22	9	nxi8	figs-activepassive		0	The one who has a generous eye will be blessed	These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who has a generous eye” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	22	9	zhf7	figs-metonymy		0	one who has a generous eye	The eye is a metonym for seeing what other people need, and the “generous eye” not only sees but gives what the other people need. The eye is also a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “generous person” or “person who is willing to give things to other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	22	9	vs46	figs-metonymy		0	bread	Since bread was the main food for many people in biblical times, it is often used to refer to food in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	22	10	t6nt	figs-abstractnouns		0	disputes and insults will cease	The abstract nouns “disputes” and “insults” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “people will no longer argue with each other or say things to hurt each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	22	11	xzb6	figs-synecdoche		0	loves a pure heart	It is his own heart that the person wants to be pure. The heart is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “loves having a pure heart” or “wants to be pure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	22	11	tlq4			0	is gracious	“is kind”
PRO	22	12	swt2	figs-synecdoche		0	The eyes of Yahweh keep watch over	The eyes are a synecdoche for the person. The writer speaks as if Yahweh had physical eyes like a person. Alternate translation: “Yahweh keeps watch over” or “Yahweh guards knowledge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	22	12	s2lr	figs-metonymy		0	keep watch over knowledge	Keeping watch is s metonym for protecting. Alternate translation: “protect knowledge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	22	12	zw3l			0	he overthrows	“he destroys”
PRO	22	12	q7yt	figs-nominaladj		0	the treacherous	The nominal adjective treacherous can be translated as a noun phrase. Translate “treacherous” as in [Proverbs 11:3](../11/03.md). Alternate translation: “a treacherous person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PRO	22	13	jg67			0	The lazy person says	The quote that follows is a lie and an excuse for not working. If your language introduces false statements in a special way, you can use that here.
PRO	22	14	eq5h	figs-metonymy		0	The mouth of an adulteress is a deep pit	The word “mouth” is a metonym for the words that come out of the mouth. The writer speaks of a person being unable to escape having people punish him for evil deeds as if that person had fallen into a hole someone had dug in the ground from which he could not escape. Alternate translation: “The words spoken by an adulteress will draw you in, and it will be as if you have fallen into a deep and dangerous pit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	22	14	xrc5			0	an adulteress	See how you translated this in [Proverbs 5:3](../05/03.md).
PRO	22	14	l326	figs-idiom		0	Yahweh’s anger is stirred up	Here “stirred up” means that his anger increased. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	22	14	fin1	figs-metaphor		0	falls into it	Adultery is spoken of as if it is something that a person can fall into. Alternate translation: “sins because of the adulteress” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	22	15	fuj4			0	Foolishness is bound up in the heart of a child	“The heart of a child is full of foolish things”
PRO	22	15	j283	figs-metonymy		0	the rod of discipline	The writer speaks of a parent using any form of discipline as if that parent were hitting the child with a wooden rod. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	22	15	dk18	figs-metaphor		0	drives it far away	The writer speaks as if foolishness were a person that another person could use a physical rod to drive away. Alternate translation: “will make a child wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	22	16	w7rc			0	to increase his wealth	“to become richer” or “to gain more money”
PRO	22	16	fm7f			0	gives to rich people	“gives money to rich people”
PRO	22	16	d4td	figs-idiom		0	will come to poverty	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “will become poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	22	17	nnv4			0	General Information:	Verse 17 begins the introduction to a new section of the Book of Proverbs.
PRO	22	17	lgs9	figs-synecdoche		0	Incline your ear and listen	Here the word “ear” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. See how you translated “incline your ear” in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). Alternate translation: “Pay attention and listen” or “Listen attentively” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	22	17	l38x			0	the words of the wise	“what wise people say”
PRO	22	17	pi8n	figs-idiom		0	apply your heart to	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “do your best to understand and remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	22	17	i9n2	figs-abstractnouns		0	my knowledge	The person speaking is probably the same as the father from [Proverbs 1:8](../01/08.md). He may be speaking of “the words of the wise” as “my knowledge.” The abstract noun “knowledge” can be stated as “know.” Alternate translation: “the knowledge I have, which I am sharing with you” or “what I know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	22	18	nl9j	figs-metonymy		0	all of them are ready on your lips	The person being ready to speak is spoken of as if it were the words that were ready. Alternate translation: “you are able to speak of them at any time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	22	19	wr39			0	today—even to you	“today. Yes, I am teaching you,” The speaker is emphasizing that it is the hearer, not someone else whom he is teaching, and he is teaching the hearer because the hearer needs to learn. If it is awkward in your language to emphasize in this way, you can emphasize in another way or the words “even to you” can be left untranslated.
PRO	22	20	bb5s			0	General Information:	These verses continue and end the introduction that began in [Proverbs 22:17](./17.md).
PRO	22	20	q77c	translate-textvariants		0	thirty sayings	Some translations read, “excellent sayings.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
PRO	22	21	q8xu	figs-rquestion		0	to teach you … who sent you?	These words end the rhetorical question that began with the words “Have I not written” in Proverbs 22:20. It can be translated as a statement. “You need to know that I have written … to teach you … who sent you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO	22	21	l5jf			0	to those who sent you	This implies that the hearer is or will be one whom others send to gain and bring back information.
PRO	22	22	y27s			0	General Information:	These verses begin the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO	22	22	aq5t			0	Do not rob … or crush	If your language has a way of showing that this is the way one person would speak strongly to another, different from a general rule that people are supposed to obey, you should use it here.
PRO	22	22	su1v	figs-nominaladj		0	the poor	This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “any poor person” or “poor people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PRO	22	22	tq59	figs-metaphor		0	crush	grind into powder. This is a metaphor for “treat unjustly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	22	22	ws7l	figs-nominaladj		0	the needy	This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “any needy person” or “any person who does not have what he needs to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PRO	22	22	z1ia	figs-metonymy		0	at the gate	The place where people bought and sold items and settled legal arguments is used as a metonym for business and legal activity. Alternate translation: “in court” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	22	23	a2vp	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh will plead their case	The metaphor is of a lawyer defending the needy in front of a judge. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will defend the needy from those who oppress them” or “Yahweh will see that the needy receive justice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	22	23	m5k2	figs-metaphor		0	he will rob of life those who robbed them	Yahweh is not a thief, but like a thief he will take life from those who do not choose to give it. Alternate translation: “he will destroy those who oppress poor people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	22	24	cpi3			0	General Information:	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO	22	24	w16m	figs-metaphor		0	someone who is ruled by anger	someone who is unable to control his anger (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	22	24	cc8z			0	rages	shows violent anger
PRO	22	25	s2i8	figs-metaphor		0	you will take bait for your soul	A person who wants to be like an angry person is like an animal taking the bait in a trap. Alternate translation: “you will be like an animal that eats the bait that closes a trap and is unable to escape” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	22	25	jh2k	figs-metonymy		0	bait for your soul	The soul is a metonym for the person’s life. Alternate translation: “bait that someone has put out so he can kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	22	26	ftq6			0	General Information:	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO	22	26	rnd6			0	strikes hands	A person would strike his hand against another person’s hand to bind himself to do what he had agreed to do. Here the speaker warns the hearer not to strike hands as a way to promise to pay off someone’s debts.
PRO	22	26	wt7u			0	in making a pledge	“and agree to pay what someone owes to another person”
PRO	22	28	tb1b			0	General Information:	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO	22	28	g63s			0	ancient	very old
PRO	22	28	djq5			0	boundary stone	a large stone that shows where one person’s land ends and another person’s land begins
PRO	22	28	j4id			0	fathers	ancestors
PRO	22	29	y4ub	figs-rquestion		0	Do you see a man skilled at his work?	This rhetorical question is actually a command. Alternate translation: “Think of someone you know who is skilled at his work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO	22	29	e6ii	figs-metonymy		0	stand before	This represents becoming a servant of the important person. Kings and other important people will think so highly of him that they will use his services. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	23	intro	eva7			0		# Proverbs 23 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 23 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter of the book and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>The second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to general sayings.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO	23	1	z181			0	General Information:	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO	23	2	lu62	figs-hyperbole		0	put a knife to your throat	Possible meanings of this exaggeration are: (1) “be very careful not to eat too much” or (2) “do not eat anything at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	23	3	zfk9			0	Do not crave	“Do not strongly desire.” See how you translated “craves” in [Proverbs 21:9](../21/09.md).
PRO	23	3	zkz5			0	his delicacies	“his special and expensive food”
PRO	23	3	tjm2	figs-idiom		0	it is the food of lies	This is an idiom. “he is giving it to you so he can deceive you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	23	4	a4va			0	General Information:	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO	23	4	wh19			0	Do not work too hard	“Do not work so much that you are always tired”
PRO	23	5	n9hd	figs-metaphor		0	light upon it	land like a bird upon the wealth (verse 4). This is a metaphor for looking at the wealth for a short time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	23	5	sp17	figs-metaphor		0	it will surely take up wings like an eagle and fly off	A person losing his wealth is spoken of as if the wealth were a bird. Alternate translation: “the wealth will disappear as quickly as an eagle can fly away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	23	5	ryq4			0	wings like an eagle	wings like an eagle’s wings
PRO	23	6	afl6			0	General Information:	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO	23	6	su9w			0	do not crave	“do not strongly desire.” See how you translated “craves” in [Proverbs 21:9](../21/09.md).
PRO	23	6	jtt7			0	his delicacies	“his special and expensive food.” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 23:3](../23/03.md).
PRO	23	7	lbe8	figs-idiom		0	his heart is not with you	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he really does not want you to enjoy the meal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	23	8	aw14	figs-hyperbole		0	You will vomit up the little you have eaten	This is an exaggeration for wishing one had not eaten anything. Alternate translation: “You will wish that you had not eaten anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
PRO	23	8	z3l6	figs-metaphor		0	you will have wasted your compliments	Compliments are spoken of as if they were valuable objects. The abstract noun “compliments” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he will not be happy even if you say good things about him and the food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	23	9	nk6j			0	General Information:	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO	23	9	u4q5	figs-abstractnouns		0	in the hearing of a fool	The abstract noun “hearing” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “where a fool can hear you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	23	10	iha4			0	ancient	very old. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:28](../22/28.md).
PRO	23	10	de8r			0	boundary stone	This is a large stone to show where one person’s land ends and another person’s land begins. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:28](../22/28.md).
PRO	23	10	a9cb			0	encroach	This means to slowly take or begin to use land (or some thing) that belongs to someone else.
PRO	23	10	n6i1			0	orphans	children whose parents are dead
PRO	23	11	p1uf			0	their Redeemer	Yahweh
PRO	23	11	bgi8	figs-metaphor		0	he will plead their case against you	The metaphor is of a lawyer defending the needy in front of a judge. Alternate translation: “he will defend the orphans against you” or “he will see that the orphans receive justice and punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	23	12	w7ey			0	General Information:	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO	23	12	pgj6	figs-idiom		0	Apply your heart to	This is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:17](../22/17.md). Alternate translation: “Do your best to understand and remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	23	12	v2r3			0	instruction	This could mean: (1) “what people who know what is right and what is wrong tell you” or (2) “what people say and do when they correct you.”
PRO	23	12	jul6	figs-ellipsis		0	your ears	The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “apply your ears” or “listen carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PRO	23	12	gn45			0	to words of knowledge	“to me when I tell you what I know”
PRO	23	13	c9zs			0	General Information:	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO	23	13	qfa7	figs-abstractnouns		0	Do not withhold instruction from a child	The abstract noun “instruction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Do not neglect to instruct a child” or “Do not refuse to instruct a child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	23	13	r8dq			0	withhold	refuse to give something that one knows another person needs
PRO	23	14	jx2r			0	rod	piece of wood
PRO	23	14	e27r			0	It is you who must beat him … and save his soul	“You are the one who must beat him … and save his soul.” No one else will do it. The hearer is responsible to save the child’s soul from Sheol, and the way to save him is to beat him.
PRO	23	14	z89f	figs-metonymy		0	save his soul from Sheol	If the hearer beats his children with the rod, they will not die young because they have done foolish or evil things. The word “soul” is a metonym for the person. Sheol is the world of the dead; going to the world of the dead is a euphemism for dying. Alternate translation: “you will keep him from the world of the dead” or “you will keep him from dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
PRO	23	15	h5yu			0	General Information:	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO	23	16	sij3	figs-synecdoche		0	when your lips speak	“Your lips” means the whole person. Alternate translation: “when you speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	23	17	qz55			0	General Information:	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO	23	17	zgy6	figs-synecdoche		0	Do not let your heart envy sinners	The word “heart” is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “Do not allow yourself to envy sinners” or “Make sure you do not envy sinners” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	23	18	d3fz	figs-activepassive		0	your hope will not be cut off	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will not allow anyone to cut off your hope” or “God will keep the promises he made to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	23	19	qj67			0	General Information:	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO	23	19	f128			0	Hear—you!—my son	“Listen carefully, my son.” The speaker speaks an extra word to make sure the hearer is paying attention.
PRO	23	19	jg2g	figs-metaphor		0	direct your heart in the way	Deciding to do what is right is spoken of as if one person were showing another person the correct path to follow. Alternate translation: “make sure you do what is wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	23	20	sag8	figs-synecdoche		0	gluttonous eaters of meat	This could mean: (1) “people who eat more meat than they need to” or (2) “meat” represents food in general. Alternate translation: “people who eat more food than they need to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	23	21	z3sn	figs-personification		0	slumber will clothe them with rags	The word “slumber” is an exaggeration for a person spending so much time enjoying food and drink that he does not do necessary work. This activity is spoken of as if it were a parent putting clothes on a child. Alternate translation: “because they spend so much time eating and drinking, they will do no work and so will become poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
PRO	23	22	bzi7			0	General Information:	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO	23	22	s9it	figs-litotes		0	do not despise	This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “show respect for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
PRO	23	23	smm2	figs-abstractnouns		0	Buy the truth, but do not sell it; buy wisdom, instruction, and understanding	Another possible meaning is “Buy the truth, and do not sell wisdom, instruction, or understanding.” The words “truth,” “wisdom,” “instruction,” and “understanding” are abstract nouns that are spoken of as if they were physical items that a person can buy and sell in a market. They can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “Do what you need to do so you can know what is true, so you can be wise, so you can learn how to act, and so you can tell good from bad; never think of anything else as more important than these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	23	24	rzg3			0	General Information:	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO	23	24	qls1			0	The father of the righteous person will greatly rejoice, and he who begets a wise child will be glad in him	Another possible meaning is that the words “he that begets a wise child” explain who “the father of the righteous person” is. Alternate translation: “The father of the righteous person, he who begets a wise child, will greatly rejoice and will be glad in him”
PRO	23	24	b6a9			0	will be glad in him	“will be glad because of him”
PRO	23	26	c77m			0	General Information:	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO	23	26	ds3t	figs-metonymy		0	give me your heart	The word “heart” is a metonym for what a person thinks and decides to do. This could mean: (1) “pay careful attention” or (2) “trust me completely.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	23	26	zdk9	figs-synecdoche		0	let your eyes observe	The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “observe” or “look carefully at” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	23	27	b64j	figs-merism		0	prostitute … immoral woman	There are two types of sexually immoral women. The “prostitute” is unmarried, “another man’s wife” is married. Together they form a merism for any kind of sexually immoral woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
PRO	23	27	y9ln	figs-metaphor		0	a prostitute is a deep pit	The word “pit” is a metaphor for what happens to men who sleep with prostitutes. Alternate translation: “sleeping with a prostitute is like falling into a deep pit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	23	27	i17l			0	prostitute	Here the word refers to any unmarried woman who engages in sexual activity, not only those who do so for money.
PRO	23	27	zt34			0	deep pit … narrow well	These are two places easy to fall into and hard to get out of, the “pit” because it is “deep” and the “well” because it is “narrow.”
PRO	23	27	fys1	figs-metaphor		0	an immoral woman is a narrow well	Doing evil for which one will be punished is spoken of as falling into a narrow place from which one cannot escape. Alternate translation: “Sleeping with another man’s wife is like falling into a narrow well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	23	27	ezr3			0	well	a hole in the ground that people have dug to get to water
PRO	23	28	x4yu			0	lies in wait	stays hidden, ready to attack when a victim approaches
PRO	23	28	ll5s	figs-nominaladj		0	the treacherous	This nominal adjective can be translated as an adjective or verb. Alternate translation: “treacherous people” or “those who harm others by deceiving them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PRO	23	29	ek29			0	General Information:	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO	23	29	l7du	figs-rquestion		0	Who has woe? Who has sorrow? Who has fights? Who has complaining? Who has wounds for no reason? Who has bloodshot eyes?	The writer uses these questions to prepare the reader for the point he is about to make about a particular type of person. He does not expect an answer to each question. Your language may have a different way of introducing a lesson. Alternate translation: “Listen to me while I tell you what kind of person has woe, sorrow, fights, complaining, wounds for no reason, and bloodshot eyes.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO	23	29	yw3q			0	bloodshot eyes	“eyes red, like the color of blood”
PRO	23	30	kqg7			0	Those who linger over wine, those who try the mixed wine	These words answer the questions in verse 29 and describe people who drink too much wine.
PRO	23	30	g2tp	figs-euphemism		0	linger over wine	spend much time drinking wine and so drink much wine (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
PRO	23	30	t96n			0	the mixed wine	This could mean: (1) different wines mixed together or (2) other drinks that are stronger than wine.
PRO	23	31	v5x1			0	General Information:	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO	23	32	ip9z			0	In the last	“After you drink it”
PRO	23	32	cr4n	figs-metaphor		0	it bites like a serpent … it stings like an adder	The word “it” refers to “the wine when it is red.” “Bites” and “stings” are metaphors for the way too much wine makes people feel. Alternate translation: “it makes you feel as bad as if a serpent had bitten you or an adder had stung you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	23	32	q4ct			0	adder	a type of poisonous snake
PRO	23	33	qfg7	figs-synecdoche		0	your heart will utter perverse things	The “heart” represents the person and emphasize what he thinks and decides to do. Alternate translation: “you will think about and decide to do perverse things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	23	33	d1kc			0	perverse things	things that God says are morally wrong and bad; things that are wicked
PRO	23	34	s7qb			0	General Information:	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). It is the continuation of the description of a drunk person.
PRO	23	34	q7lv	figs-idiom		0	lies on the top of a mast	The place on the mast where the person lies can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “lies in the basket near the top of a mast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	23	34	lxy2			0	mast	the long wooden pole to which are attached the sails of a sailing ship
PRO	23	35	c4na			0	They hit me,…but I was not hurt. They beat me, but I did not feel it.	Because the drunk person is not thinking clearly, he is imagining that people are hitting and beating him, yet he feels no pain and cannot remember anything.
PRO	23	35	d6ej			0	When will I wake up?	The drunk person is wondering when he will be sober again; when the effect of the wine will stop.
PRO	24	intro	nl8m			0		# Proverbs 24 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 24 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter and is mainly filled with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>The second half of this chapter finishes the section.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Lazy man story<br><br>Unlike much of Proverbs, verses 30-34 tell a short story about a lazy man, which ends in a very memorable proverb.<br><br>### Themes<br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO	24	1	d1dq			0	General Information:	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO	24	2	dw7g	figs-synecdoche		0	their hearts	The words “their hearts” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “they” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	24	2	m8px	figs-synecdoche		0	their lips	The words “their lips” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “they” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	24	2	es5l			0	talk about trouble	“talk about causing harm” or “talk about creating problems”
PRO	24	3	f9id			0	General Information:	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO	24	3	hiy4	figs-abstractnouns		0	Through wisdom a house is built	The abstract noun “wisdom” can be translated as an adjective. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to be wise if they are to build a good house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	24	3	q4cp	figs-abstractnouns		0	by understanding it is established	The abstract noun “understanding” can be translated as a verb. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to understand what is morally good and what is morally bad if they are to establish a house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	24	3	mq3v	figs-metonymy		0	it is established	The word “established” means made stable and strong. The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, and the house being physically stable and strong is a metaphor for a family that lives in peace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	24	4	ry4y	figs-abstractnouns		0	By knowledge the rooms are filled	The abstract noun “knowledge” can be translated as a verb. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to know what is precious and pleasant if they are to fill their rooms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	24	5	gah6			0	General Information:	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO	24	5	gya2	figs-abstractnouns		0	warrior of wisdom	The abstract noun “wisdom” can be translated as “wise.” Alternate translation: “wise warrior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	24	5	my2f	figs-abstractnouns		0	a man of knowledge increases his strength	The abstract nouns “knowledge” and “strength” can be translated as the verb “know” and the adjective “strong.” Alternate translation: “a man who knows many things is stronger because he knows these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	24	6	i9sa	figs-abstractnouns		0	by wise direction	The abstract noun “direction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “if you have wise people telling you what to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	24	6	e43z			0	wage your war	“fight your war”
PRO	24	6	nll1			0	advisors	those who tell government officials what those officials should do
PRO	24	7	ten9			0	General Information:	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO	24	7	r9t9	figs-idiom		0	too high for a fool	This is an idiom. “too difficult for a fool to understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	24	7	e2pv	figs-metonymy		0	open his mouth	The mouth is a metonym for the words that come from the mouth. Alternate translation: “speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	24	8	f77e			0	General Information:	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO	24	8	f9l9			0	a master of schemes	one who is skillful at making evil plans. Alternate translation: “a mischievous person” or “a troublemaker”
PRO	24	10	xt51			0	General Information:	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO	24	10	dbq1	figs-idiom		0	your strength is small	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you have very little strength” or “you are certainly weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	24	11	t92q			0	General Information:	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO	24	11	xc8k	figs-activepassive		0	those who are being taken away	These words can be translated in active form by using the term “they” which could be anyone, but are probably government officials. Alternate translation: “those whom they are taking away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	24	11	n8k2			0	taken away	Another possible meaning is “dragged away.”
PRO	24	11	ru95			0	staggering	walking unsteadily and almost falling. This word would also describe the way a person walks when he is being dragged away.
PRO	24	11	kl46	figs-abstractnouns		0	the slaughter	The abstract noun “slaughter” can be translated as a verb. The writer speaks as if those who take them away think of them as no better than animals. If your language has a word for killing animals that would fit here, you might want to use it. Alternate translation: “where people will kill them as they would kill animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	24	12	k5el			0	If you say, “Behold,…this,” does	The writer is answering something that the reader may wrongly be thinking. Alternate translation: “You may say, ‘Behold,…this,’ but does”
PRO	24	12	akd7			0	Behold, we	“Listen to us! We” or “But we” or “We have done nothing wrong, because we”
PRO	24	12	yi61	figs-rquestion		0	does not the one who weighs the heart understand what you are saying?	The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “the one who weighs the heart understands what you are saying.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO	24	12	cx5x	figs-euphemism		0	the one who	The writer expects the reader to know that “the one” is Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, who” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
PRO	24	12	zda4	figs-metonymy		0	weighs the heart	The word “heart” is a metonym for what a person thinks and desires. The writer speaks as if what a person thinks and desires were a physical object that a person could weigh, and weighing an object is a metaphor for looking closely at something to see how good it is. Alternate translation: “knows how good what people really think and desire is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	24	12	pa6x	figs-rquestion		0	The one who guards your life, does he not know it?	The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “The one who guards your life knows it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO	24	12	m55q	figs-rquestion		0	Will God not give to each one what he deserves?	The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “God will give to each one what he deserves.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO	24	13	q7s6			0	General Information:	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO	24	14	p5t6	figs-activepassive		0	your hope will not be cut off	This could mean: (1) this is a simple passive that can be translated as in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will take your hope away” or (2) this is litotes that can be translated in positive form. Alternate translation: “your hope will surely continue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
PRO	24	15	i96h			0	General Information:	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO	24	15	s1ww	figs-idiom		0	Do not lie in wait	The words “lie in wait” are an idiom. Translate “lie in wait” as in [Proverbs 1:11](../01/11.md). Alternate translation: “Do not hide and wait for the right time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	24	15	g6w6			0	his home	the home of the righteous person
PRO	24	16	jrm7			0	rises again	“gets back on his feet” or “stands up again”
PRO	24	16	k8ly	figs-personification		0	wicked people are brought down by calamity	The writer speaks as if “calamity” were a person who could do bad things to other people. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will use calamity to bring down the wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	24	16	u49k	figs-metaphor		0	are brought down	This is a metaphor of a person who was standing but someone has brought him down to the ground or made him fall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	24	16	ze9b			0	calamity	times when bad things happen to people and their property
PRO	24	17	rpu6			0	General Information:	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO	24	17	t9ei			0	your enemy falls	“something bad happens to your enemy”
PRO	24	17	by2h	figs-synecdoche		0	let not your heart be glad	This is a strong command. The word “heart” represents the person. Alternate translation: “do not allow yourself to be glad” or “stop yourself from being glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	24	18	b18i	figs-idiom		0	turn away his wrath from him	The words “turn away his wrath” are an idiom for no longer being angry. What Yahweh would do instead can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “stop being angry with him and be angry with you instead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	24	19	yp9l			0	General Information:	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO	24	20	mmf6	figs-metaphor		0	the lamp of wicked people will go out	The lamp is used as a metaphor for life. The life of wicked people will end just as a lamp goes out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	24	21	j1fr			0	General Information:	These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
PRO	24	21	vvr9			0	Fear	a deep respect and awe for a person in authority
PRO	24	22	jzb3	figs-rquestion		0	who knows the extent of the destruction that will come from both of them?	The writer asks this question to emphasize the disaster. Alternate translation: “no one knows the extent of the destruction that will come from both of them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO	24	22	ub7e			0	both of them	these words refer to Yahweh and the king
PRO	24	23	jq5s			0	These also are sayings of the wise	This sentence starts a new collection of proverbs.
PRO	24	23	ci6n			0	a case at law	a situation that is brought before a judge in which someone is accused of breaking the law
PRO	24	24	lma6			0	Whoever says to the wicked person,…will be cursed by peoples and hated by nations	The word “nations” is a metonym for the people who live in the nations. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will curse whoever says to the wicked person,…, and the people of other nations will hate him”
PRO	24	24	rfb9			0	the wicked person … a righteous person	This could mean: (1) people should never call any wicked person a righteous person or (2) no one should say of a person guilty of a crime that he is innocent. Alternate translation: “a person guilty of a crime … innocent”
PRO	24	25	xwv5			0	will have delight	“will be very happy”
PRO	24	25	ufh1	figs-personification		0	gifts of goodness will come to them	Gifts are spoken of as if they were people who could move by themselves. The abstract noun “goodness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “people will give them good gifts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	24	25	uy7d			0	gifts of goodness	“good things” or “blessings”
PRO	24	26	sz6f	figs-idiom		0	gives a kiss on the lips	A kiss was a sign of respect and devotion in that culture. Alternate translation: “shows true friendship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	24	28	u5rp	figs-metonymy		0	with your lips	The lips are a metonym for the words a person speaks. Alternate translation: “by what you say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	24	29	cke7	figs-idiom		0	pay him back	This is an idiom. “take revenge against him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	24	31	w3gw			0	Thorns	useless plants with sharp spines
PRO	24	31	j4m7			0	nettles	plants that are covered with stinging leaves and hairs
PRO	24	31	chw4			0	was broken down	“had fallen down”
PRO	24	32	u9za			0	received instruction	“learned a lesson”
PRO	24	34	d7gx	figs-ellipsis		0	and poverty comes	This finishes a thought begun with the words “A little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to rest” (Proverbs 24:33). You may need to fill in the omitted words. “You may say to yourself, ‘A little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to rest,’ but then poverty will come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PRO	24	34	v85w	figs-personification		0	poverty comes marching upon you	Some translations read, “poverty comes upon you like a robber.” Poverty is spoken of as if it were a person or animal that can attack a lazy person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	24	34	zx1y	figs-simile		0	your needs like an armed soldier	Needs are spoken of as if they were a person who could attack the lazy person. Alternate translation: “your needs will come to you like an armed soldier” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	25	intro	l94s			0		# Proverbs 25 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 25 begins the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO	25	2	x2ec			0	to conceal a matter	“to keep some things secret”
PRO	25	2	cj4p	figs-ellipsis		0	but the glory	The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “but it is the glory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PRO	25	2	dg6e			0	search it out	“search that matter out” or “search for those things that God has concealed”
PRO	25	3	jtp4	figs-simile		0	Like the heavens are for height and the earth is for depth, so the heart of kings is unsearchable	The hearts of kings are compared to the size of the heavens and the earth. Alternate translation: “Just as no one can measure the height of the heavens or the depth of the earth, even so no one can understand the heart of kings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	25	3	b947			0	heavens	This refers to everything we see above the earth, including the sun, moon, and stars.
PRO	25	4	jgm1			0	dross	the material in a metal that people do not want and they remove by heating the metal
PRO	25	5	vvu5	figs-metonymy		0	his throne will be established by doing	The throne is a metonym for the power to rule. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the king will establish his throne by doing” or “he will have the power to rule because he does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	25	7	w69g	figs-explicit		0	It is better for him to say to you, “Come up here,” than	Here “up” means to move to a place at the table that is closer to the king. It is a great honor for a person to sit closer to the king. Alternate translation: “It is better for someone to invite you to sit closer to the king than” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	25	7	qf2z			0	before a nobleman	“in front of a nobleman”
PRO	25	8	t9ug	figs-rquestion		0	For what will you do in the end when your neighbor puts you to shame?	This question is asked to make the reader consider the possibility that he may have misunderstood the situation. The way in which the neighbor might put the reader to shame can be stated plainly. Alternate translation: “For you will not know what to do in the end when your neighbor puts you to shame.” or “For if your neighbor has an explanation, he will put you to shame, and you will have nothing to say to defend yourself.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	25	9	lgk7			0	your case	“your disagreement”
PRO	25	9	c77l			0	do not disclose another’s secret	“do not share your neighbor’s secret with other people”
PRO	25	10	fr3g	figs-activepassive		0	an evil report about you that cannot be silenced	Here “evil report” refers to harmful things that the person will tell others. The phrase “cannot be silenced” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will not be able to stop him from telling other people harmful things about you” or “he will tell people evil things about you and you will never have a good reputation again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	25	11	e2ay	figs-metaphor		0	Apples of gold in settings of silver is a word spoken in the right situation	The goodness of “a word spoken at the right time” is spoken of as if it were the physical beauty of “apples of gold in settings of silver.” Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Alternate translation: “A word spoken at the right time is beautiful like apples of gold in settings of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	25	11	sq35			0	Apples of gold in settings of silver	The ancient Israelites did not know the apples that most people know today. This could mean: (1) “apples” should be translated as “design.” Alternate translation: “a golden design carved into a silver bowl” or (2) “apples” refers to another type of fruit with a golden color that someone has placed on a silver plate or bowl. Alternate translation: “Golden colored fruit placed in a silver bowl”
PRO	25	11	ptu8	figs-activepassive		0	is a word spoken	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “is a message that someone speaks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	25	12	ir54	figs-metaphor		0	A gold ring or jewelry made of fine gold is a wise rebuke to a listening ear	The value and importance of “a wise rebuke” is spoken of as if it had the beauty and value of gold. Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Alternate translation: “A wise rebuke to a listening ear is beautiful and valuable like a golden ring or golden jewelry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	25	12	i38p	figs-synecdoche		0	listening ear	The ear is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “person who is willing to listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	25	13	tc4q	figs-simile		0	Like the cold of snow at harvest time is a faithful messenger	Here a faithful messenger is being compared to the cold of snow, because both are pleasant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	25	13	sxk7	figs-metaphor		0	the cold of snow	Snow only fell on the tops of mountains, and the harvest took place in hot weather, so this is probably a metaphor for cool, fresh water from a clean stream. If your language has no word for snow, consider “cool, fresh, clean water.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	25	13	v57a			0	snow	white flakes of ice that fall from the sky like rain
PRO	25	13	z9pn			0	brings back the life of his masters	This means he makes his masters, who are weak and tired, to be strong and rested again.
PRO	25	14	hbd4	figs-metaphor		0	Clouds and wind without rain is the one who boasts … not give	Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Rain was important to the Israelites because only small amounts of it fell, so a cloud without rain was useless and brought disappointment to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “The one who boasts … not give is like clouds and wind without rain” or “The one who boasts … not give is useless and a disappointment, like clouds and wind without rain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	25	15	v2wv	figs-activepassive		0	With patience a ruler can be persuaded	These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone who is patient can persuade a ruler” or “Someone who is patient can speak to a ruler and change his mind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	25	15	eed7	figs-metaphor		0	a soft tongue can break a bone	The word “tongue” is a metonym for the words the person speaks using the tongue. The word “bone” is a metaphor for strong opposition. Alternate translation: “gentle speech can overcome strong opposition” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	25	16	dc7b	figs-metaphor		0	General Information:	Verse 16 states a general principle, and verse 17 gives one specific example. The idea of eating too much honey and then vomiting it up is a metaphor for taking too much of any good thing and regretting it later. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	25	18	r378	figs-simile		0	A man who bears false witness against his neighbor is like a club used in war, or a sword, or a sharp arrow	A false witness is compared to three weapons that can hurt or kill people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	25	19	p8jx	figs-simile		0	An unfaithful man in whom you trust in a time of trouble is like a bad tooth or a foot that slips	A foolish man is compared to a part of the body that causes trouble for a person. Alternate translation: “Trusting in an unfaithful man in time of trouble will bring you pain like a bad tooth or a foot that slips” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	25	20	j5q4			0	carbonate of soda	This is a kind of mineral that hisses and bubbles violently when it comes into contact with acids like vinegar. Many translations translate this phrase as “a wound.”
PRO	25	20	ef6r	figs-explicit		0	sings songs	You may need to make explicit what kind of songs the singer sings. Alternate translation: “sings happy songs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	25	20	z9sh	figs-synecdoche		0	a heavy heart	The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “a sad person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	25	22	eb7p	figs-idiom		0	shovel coals of fire on his head	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “cause him to have a guilty conscience and be ashamed of what he has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	25	23	xj7i			0	the north wind	In Israel, wind from the north often brought rain. Translators are free to substitute different kinds of wind for the same effect, for example, “a cold wind.”
PRO	25	23	z36v			0	a tongue that tells secrets	Some versions read “someone who tells secrets.”
PRO	25	23	gn4t	figs-synecdoche		0	result in angry faces	The face is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “makes other people so angry you can see it in their faces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	25	24	siz4	figs-explicit		0	a corner of the roof	Houses in those days had flat roofs. Ancient Israelites spent much time on their roofs, where it was often cooler than inside the house, and sometimes people would build a shelter large enough for a person to sleep in on one corner of the roof. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	25	24	urg5			0	a quarreling wife	a wife who often argues or complains
PRO	25	25	p4p8	figs-simile		0	Like cold waters to one who is thirsty, so is good news from a far country	Cold water is compared to good news that is both refreshing and delightful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	25	26	p3dy	figs-simile		0	Like a fouled spring or a ruined fountain is a righteous person tottering before wicked people	One expects a spring or fountain to have clear water, just as one expects a righteous man to stand for what he believes. A polluted spring or fountain is compared to a righteous man who falls. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	25	26	tiq8	figs-metaphor		0	tottering before wicked people	Tottering is a metaphor for either: (1) refusing to fight wicked people or (2) joining in their wickedness. Alternate translation: “who allows wicked people to do wickedness” or “who starts to do what wicked people do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	25	26	fe9h	figs-metaphor		0	tottering	This is a metaphor for being unable to continue to do good. Alternate translation: “unable to stand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	25	26	e13r	figs-idiom		0	before wicked people	This could mean: (1) “when wicked people attack him” or (2) “when wicked people urge him to do evil.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	25	27	h7jf	figs-simile		0	It is not good to eat too much honey; that is like searching for honor after honor.	Both wanting others to honor you and eating honey are good, but you can eat too much honey, and you can try too hard to have people honor you. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	25	27	x6in	figs-litotes		0	It is not good	This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “It is a bad thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
PRO	25	27	ea11			0	that is like searching for honor after honor	“that is like always thinking about how others should honor you.” The meaning of the original language is uncertain. Some versions of the Bible translate this as “that is like speaking too many compliments to people.”
PRO	25	28	gl3p	figs-simile		0	A person without self-control is like a city breached and without walls.	Both a person without self-control and a city without walls are weak and vulnerable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	25	28	jh45			0	breached and without walls	“whose walls an army has knocked down and destroyed”
PRO	26	intro	juh9			0		# Proverbs 26 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 26 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. Wisdom and folly are particularly prominent in this chapter.(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO	26	1	w8yc	figs-simile		0	Like snow in summer or rain in harvest	Normally snow does not fall during the summer and rain does not fall during the harvest. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Just as it would be very strange to have snow in summer or rain during the harvest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	26	2	kdg7	figs-simile		0	so an undeserved curse does not alight	A curse that does not harm a person is spoken of as if it were a bird that does not land. Alternate translation: “so an undeserved curse does not land on its mark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	26	2	mf19	figs-activepassive		0	an undeserved curse	This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: “a curse on a person who does not deserve it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	26	2	t3fg			0	alight	land on someone or something
PRO	26	3	v3b7			0	A whip is for the horse, a bridle is for the donkey and a rod is for the back of fools	A whip, a bridle, and a rod are things that people use to make the horse, donkey, and fool do what they want.
PRO	26	3	le7r			0	a bridle is for the donkey	A bridle is made of straps. People put it on a donkey’s head and hold one of the straps to make the donkey go the way they want it to go.
PRO	26	3	q1bg			0	a rod is for the back of fools	In the Bible, people would hit their children or their slaves with a wooden rod in order to discipline them.
PRO	26	5	rz54			0	Answer a fool and join in on his folly	Joining in on a fool’s folly when answering him represents answering him in a foolish way. Alternate translation: “Answer a fool according to his folly” or “Answer a fool foolishly”
PRO	26	5	q48w	figs-metaphor		0	so he will not become wise in his own eyes	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “so that he will not become wise according to his judgement” or “so that he does not consider himself to be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	26	6	ang1	figs-metonymy		0	Whoever sends a message by the hand of a fool	Here the hand represents the fool’s responsibility to deliver the message. Alternate translation: “Whoever sends a fool to deliver a message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	26	6	ife4	figs-metaphor		0	cuts off his own feet	Cutting off one’s own feet is an exaggeration for harming one’s self. Alternate translation: “harms himself like a person who cuts off his own feet and drinks violence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
PRO	26	6	a1zc	figs-metaphor		0	drinks violence	Violence is spoken of as if it were a poisonous liquid that someone might drink. Alternate translation: “harms himself by being violent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	26	7	h8yx	figs-simile		0	Like the legs … is a proverb in the mouth of fools	The phrases can be reordered. Alternate translation: “A proverb in the mouth of fools is like the legs of a paralytic which hang down” or “A proverb in the mouth of fools is as useless as the legs of a paralytic which hang down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	26	7	m6mr			0	a paralytic	a person who is unable to move or feel all or part of his body
PRO	26	7	nq9k	figs-metonymy		0	in the mouth of fools	Here “mouth” is a metonym for speaking. Alternate translation: “in the speech of fools” or “that fools say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	26	8	vhn4	figs-explicit		0	tying a stone in a sling	In order to throw a stone very far, people put it into a sling and swing the sling so that the stone will fly from it very quickly. The result of tying a stone in a sling can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “tying a stone in a sling so that it cannot be thrown” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	26	8	fy3g			0	giving honor to a fool	“honoring a fool”
PRO	26	9	l82z	figs-simile		0	Like a thorn … is a proverb in the mouth of fools	How the two are alike can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “A proverb in the mouth of fools is as dangerous as a thorn that goes into the hand of a drunkard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	26	9	z794	figs-synecdoche		0	a thorn that goes into the hand of a drunkard	This could mean: (1) if a drunk person holds a thornbush, a thorn will prick his hand, or (2) if a drunk person is angry, he will pick up a thornbush and swing it at people. For the second meaning, the word “thorn” represents a thornbush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	26	9	q3gg	figs-metonymy		0	in the mouth of fools	Here “mouth” is a metonym for speaking. Alternate translation: “in the speech of fools” or “that fools say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	26	10	lu8m			0	hires a fool	“gives a job to a fool”
PRO	26	11	dgd2			0	As a dog returns to his own vomit	“As a dog eats its own vomit”
PRO	26	12	cxr5	figs-rquestion		0	Do you see someone who is wise in his own eyes?	This question is used to lead the reader to think about someone who is wise in his own eyes. The phrase “is wise in his own eyes” means “thinks he is wise,” and here it implies that the person is not truly wise. Alternate translation: “Consider the person who thinks he is wise but is not.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	26	12	n43z			0	There is more hope for a fool than for him	“A fool can become wise more easily than he can”
PRO	26	13	y1yv			0	The lazy person says, “There is a lion … between the open places!”	The lazy person lies and says that he cannot go outside and work because there is a lion on the road or between the open places.
PRO	26	13	xyz8			0	There is a lion on the road	See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:13](../22/13.md).
PRO	26	13	ufn8			0	the open places	This refers to the places in town where there is a lot of room for people to walk around or where people gather. Alternate translation: “the town plazas” or “the streets”
PRO	26	14	bfi2			0	hinges	metal pieces that attach a door to something and allow it to open and close
PRO	26	14	uv1d	figs-simile		0	As the door turns on its hinges, so is the lazy person upon his bed	Both the door and the lazy person move, but they do not go anywhere. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	26	15	j4ce			0	puts his hand into the dish	“puts his hand into the dish to get food” or “reaches for food”
PRO	26	15	x6us	figs-hyperbole		0	he has no strength to lift it up to his mouth	This is an exaggeration for doing necessary work that would clearly do him good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
PRO	26	16	e6pb	figs-metaphor		0	The lazy person is wiser in his own eyes than seven men	The phrase “his own eyes” represents his thoughts. Alternate translation: “The lazy person thinks he is wiser than seven men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	26	17	xh36	figs-simile		0	Like one who takes hold of the ears of a dog, is a passerby who becomes angry at a dispute that is not his own	This can be reordered. Alternate translation: “A passerby who becomes angry at some other people’s dispute is like a person who grabs hold of a dog’s ears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	26	17	z69e	figs-explicit		0	Like one who takes hold of the ears of a dog	The implied information is that the dog will get angry and bite the person. Alternate translation: “Like a person who angers a dog by grabbing its ears” or “Like a person who grabs a dog’s ears and is bitten by the dog” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	26	17	ul2w	figs-explicit		0	is a passerby who becomes angry at a dispute that is not his own	The implied information is that the passerby will start arguing, and the people who were fighting will get angry with him and hurt him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	26	19	kd8e			0	the one who deceives	Both the “madman” (Proverbs 26:18) and the one who deceives hurt people but do not take responsibility for it.
PRO	26	19	g1qd	figs-rquestion		0	Was I not telling a joke?	The deceiver uses this question to imply that since he his joke was only for fun, he should not be blamed for any harm he has caused. Alternate translation: “I did nothing wrong. I was only telling a joke.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	26	20	ivv3			0	gossiper	a person who gossips a lot
PRO	26	21	l2ug	figs-explicit		0	As charcoal is to burning coals and wood is to fire	What charcoal does to coals and what wood does to fire can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “As charcoal helps coals burn and as wood helps fire burn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	26	21	ud8h	figs-metaphor		0	kindling strife	To kindle something means to set it on fire. Setting strife on fire is a metaphor for causing people to fight or argue. Alternate translation: “causing people to fight” or “causing people to argue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	26	22	ye74	figs-simile		0	The words of a gossip are like delicious morsels	This speaks of gossip being desirable to listen to as if it were delicious food to eat. Alternate translation: “The words of a gossip are desirable to listen to” or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	26	22	rb3s	figs-metaphor		0	they go down into the inner parts of the body	This speaks of the words that a gossip says going into a person’s mind and affecting his thoughts as if they were food that was going into his stomach. This sentence is equivalent to [Proverbs 18:8](../18/08.md). Alternate translation: “and they enter a person’s mind and affect his thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	26	23	i9mz	figs-simile		0	Like the glaze overlaying an earthen vessel so are burning lips and an evil heart	This simile means that a person who says things to hide the evil in their heart are like a earthen vessel covered in glaze to make it look good. These phrases can be reordered. Alternate translation: “People who have burning lips and an evil heart are like an earthen vessel covered with glaze” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	26	23	ky5d			0	the glaze overlaying an earthen vessel	“the shiny glaze that covers a clay pot.” A clay pot is cheap and common. So people covered it was a glaze to make it shiny and appear more expensive.
PRO	26	23	u5wy	figs-synecdoche		0	so are burning lips and an evil heart	This represents a person who has burning lips and an evil heart. Alternate translation: “so is a person who has burning lips and an evil heart” or “so is a person who says nice things but whose heart is evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	26	23	s94p	figs-metaphor		0	burning lips	The word “burning” is a metaphor for “strongly emotional” and the word “lips” is a metonym for “speech.” Alternate translation: “emotional speech” or “saying nice things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	26	23	p5hf	figs-metonymy		0	an evil heart	The heart represents a person’s thoughts, attitudes, desires, or feelings. Alternate translation: “evil thoughts” or “evil desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	26	24	rhg2	figs-metaphor		0	disguises his feelings with his lips	Disguising his feelings represents keeping people from knowing what his feelings are. The phrase “his lips” is a metonym for what he says. Alternate translation: “hides his feelings with what he says” or “speaks in such a way that people cannot know his true feelings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	26	24	qu8b	figs-metaphor		0	he lays up deceit within himself	Being deceitful is spoken of as if he were storing deceit within himself. Possible meanings are that “deceit” refers to lies. Alternate translation: (1) “he likes his many lies” or (2) deceit refers secret plans to harm people. Alternate translation: “he secretly plans to harm people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	26	25	f4gf			0	but do not believe him	“but do not believe what he says”
PRO	26	25	q7ln	figs-metaphor		0	for there are seven abominations in his heart	The number seven represents completeness. This could mean: (1) “abominations” refers to attitudes that God hates. Alternate translation: “for his heart is completely filled with hateful things” or (2) “abominations” refers to his hatred for people. Alternate translation: “for his heart is completely filled with hatred” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	26	26	iv6j	figs-activepassive		0	Though his hatred is covered with deception	This can be stated actively. Alternate translation: “Though deception covers his hatred” or “Though he covers his hatred with deception” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	26	26	d99d	figs-metaphor		0	Though his hatred is covered with deception	Keeping people from knowing that he hates them is spoken of as covering his hatred. Alternate translation: “Though he lies to keep people from knowing that he hates them” or “Though he lies so that people will not know that he hates them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	26	26	slh6	figs-metaphor		0	his wickedness will be exposed in the assembly	Being exposed represents being discovered or becoming known. Alternate translation: “his wickedness will become known in the assembly” or “the assembly will discover his wickedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	26	26	d2jn			0	the assembly	“the community of Israel”
PRO	26	27	sg61	figs-explicit		0	Whoever digs a pit will fall into it	It is implied that the person digs the pit as a trap so that someone will fall into it. Alternate translation: “Whoever digs a pit to trap someone will fall into it” or “If someone digs a pit in order to trap someone, the one who dug it will fall into it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	26	27	nj1w	figs-explicit		0	the stone will roll back on the one who pushed it	It is implied that the person pushed a large stone so that it would roll downhill and crush someone there. Alternate translation: “if someone pushed a stone so that it would roll downhill and crush someone, the stone will roll back on him instead” or “if someone maked a stone roll so that it would hurt someone, the stone will crush him instead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	26	28	wvw9	figs-synecdoche		0	A lying tongue hates the people it crushes	The phrase “a lying tongue” represents a person who tells lies. Crushing people represents causing them trouble. Alternate translation: “A liar hates those he hurts by his lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	26	28	dfi2	figs-synecdoche		0	a flattering mouth brings about ruin	The phrase “a flattering mouth” represents a person who flatters people. This could mean: (1) a person who flatters others causes trouble or (2) a person who flatters others ruins them (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	26	28	qp8a			0	flattering	praising someone in a manner that is not sincere, or praising someone about things that are not true
PRO	27	intro	ec7g			0		# Proverbs 27 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 27 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO	27	1	f85w	figs-explicit		0	Do not boast about tomorrow	This is a warning not to brag about what you expect to happen tomorrow. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Do not speak proudly about your plans for tomorrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	27	1	t368	figs-metaphor		0	what a day may bring	Something happening on a certain day is spoken of as if the day were to bring that event. Alternate translation: “what will happen on a day” or “what will happen tomorrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	27	2	cyj6	figs-ellipsis		0	and not your own mouth … and not your own lips	The words “let praise you” are understood from the first phrase. They can be repeated. Here a person is represented by his “mouth” and “lips” because those are the parts of the body used to speak. Alternate translation: “and do not let your own mouth praise you … and do not let your own lips praise you” or “and do not praise yourself … and do not praise yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	27	2	jhl7	figs-ellipsis		0	a stranger	The words “let praise you” are understood from the first phrase. The words can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “let a stranger praise you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PRO	27	3	snl3	figs-metaphor		0	the provocation of a fool is heavier than both	The difficulty of being patient with a fool who provokes you is spoken of as if that difficulty were heavy. Alternate translation: “the provocation of a fool is harder to tolerate than either of them” or “It is harder to be patient when a fool provokes you than it is to be patient while carrying them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	27	3	hs8d			0	the provocation of a fool	“the trouble caused by a fool.” “Provocation” means actions or words that cause anger or irritation.
PRO	27	4	j57v	figs-abstractnouns		0	There is the cruelty of rage and the flood of anger, but who is able to stand before jealousy?	The abstract nouns “rage”, “anger” and “jealousy” can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “A raging person is cruel and an angry person is overwhelming, but who can stand before a jealous person?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	27	4	l3ui			0	cruelty	“harshness”
PRO	27	4	srl1	figs-metaphor		0	the flood of anger	“the destructiveness of anger.” Anger is spoken of here as if it were a powerful flood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	27	4	nh38	figs-rquestion		0	but who is able to stand before jealousy?	This question implies that no one can stand before jealousy. It can be reworded as a statement. Alternate translation: “but no one is able to stand before jealousy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO	27	4	inj9	figs-metaphor		0	to stand before jealousy	Here standing represents being strong and resisting being harmed by a jealous person who attacks. Alternate translation: “to resist a jealous person” or “to remain strong when a jealous person attacks him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	27	5	yva8	figs-abstractnouns		0	Better is an open rebuke	The abstract noun “rebuke” can be expressed with the verb “rebuke.” Alternate translation: “It is better to be openly rebuked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	27	5	pz3x	figs-abstractnouns		0	than hidden love	“than love that is not openly shown.” The abstract noun “love” can be translated as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “than to be loved secretly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	27	6	d5v5	figs-metaphor		0	Faithful are the wounds caused by a friend	“The wounds that a friend causes are trustworthy.” The word “wounds” here represents the pain and sadness that a person feels when a friend rebukes or corrects him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	27	6	uw1k	figs-metonymy		0	Faithful are the wounds caused by a friend	The trustworthiness of a friend’s rebuke is spoken of as if the sadness that his rebuke causes is trustworthy. Alternate translation: “Though it causes sadness, a friend’s rebuke is trustworthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	27	6	wzd4	figs-explicit		0	but an enemy may kiss you profusely	It can be stated clearly that the enemy’s kisses are not trustworthy. Alternate translation: “but the enemy’s many kisses are not trustworthy” or “but an enemy may try to deceive you by kissing you profusely” or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	27	6	d2u7			0	profusely	“abundantly” or “too many times”
PRO	27	7	diy7			0	A person who has eaten to the full	“A person who is satisfied” or “A person who has eaten enough to be full”
PRO	27	7	v4fr			0	rejects even a honeycomb	A honeycomb would normally be desirable, but not to the person who has already eaten enough to be satisfied.
PRO	27	7	aj75			0	every bitter thing is sweet	“everything that is bitter tastes sweet”
PRO	27	8	tmr6	figs-simile		0	Like a bird that wanders from its nest is a man who strays from where he lives	The words “wanders” and “strays” mean the same thing in this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	27	9	p2m8			0	Perfume	The word “perfume” here means a desirable oil or ointment.
PRO	27	9	zj6k	figs-metonymy		0	make the heart rejoice	Here “the heart” represents the feelings or emotions of a person. Alternate translation: “make a person feel joyful” or “make a person glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	27	9	fa3b	figs-metaphor		0	the sweetness of a friend comes from his sincere counsel	This could mean: (1) “sweetness” represents kindness. Alternate translation: “we recognize our friend’s kindness by his counsel” or (2) “sweetness” represents what we appreciate about a person. Alternate translation: “what we appreciate about a friend is his advice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	27	10	c6gz			0	your brother’s house	Here the word “brother” is a general reference to relatives, such as members of the same tribe, clan, or people group.
PRO	27	10	zin1			0	calamity	extreme troubles and misfortune
PRO	27	11	v2t7	figs-metonymy		0	make my heart rejoice	Here the “heart” represents the person’s feelings or emotions. Alternate translation: “make me feel joyful” or “make me glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	27	11	sv31	figs-explicit		0	then I will give back an answer to the one who mocks me	Here “answer” does not mean to answer a question. It means to respond or to reply to someone who is mocking. How this relates to the clause before it can be made clear. AT “then I will reply to the one who mocks me by telling him about you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	27	11	gm95			0	mocks	makes fun of someone, especially in a cruel way
PRO	27	12	y47t			0	A prudent man sees trouble and hides himself, but the naive people go on and suffer because of it	See how you translated a similar phrase in [Proverbs 22:3](../22/03.md).
PRO	27	12	jm89			0	A prudent man	“A man who is wise” or “A man who has good sense”
PRO	27	12	j5th			0	the naive people	“the inexperienced and immature people”
PRO	27	12	bv11			0	suffer	experience something very unpleasant, such as illness, pain, or other hardships
PRO	27	13	l1r3	figs-explicit		0	Take a garment of one who has put up security for a stranger	When lending money, a lender would take something from the borrower, such as a garment, as a guarantee of repayment. He would return it after the money was repaid. If the borrower was too poor, someone else could give something to the lender as a guarantee for him. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 20:16](../20/16.md). Alternate translation: “Take a garment as security from the one who guarantees that what a stranger has borrowed will be paid back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	27	13	q6ci	figs-idiom		0	who has put up security	This means for someone to give something to a lender as a guarantee that what was borrowed will be paid. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 20:16](../20/16.md). Alternate translation: “who has guaranteed that what has been borrowed will be paid back” or “who has promised to pay a loan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	27	13	gvg7	figs-idiom		0	hold it in pledge	To “hold something in pledge” means to hold on to something that someone has given as a pledge, or promise, that he will pay a debt. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 20:16](../20/16.md). Alternate translation: “hold onto his coat as a guarantee of repayment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	27	14	xjs1			0	Whoever gives his neighbor a blessing	“If anyone gives his neighbor a blessing”
PRO	27	14	z5ga	figs-activepassive		0	that blessing will be considered to be a curse	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the neighbor will consider that blessing to be a curse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	27	15	bh2v			0	quarreling	This means making people angry with each other or causing strong disagreements between people.
PRO	27	15	caj9	figs-explicit		0	the constant dripping	The implied information is that it is rain that is constantly dripping. Alternate translation: “the constant dripping of rain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	27	15	ldj6			0	a rainy day	“a day of continual rain”
PRO	27	16	e46j	figs-simile		0	restraining her is like restraining the wind, or trying to catch oil in your right hand	The implied information is that it is as difficult or useless to try and restrain her as it is to try to restrain the wind or catch oil in your hand (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	27	16	tfg7	figs-explicit		0	restraining her	“holding her back” or “keeping her under control.” The implied information is that it is trying to stop her from quarreling. Alternate translation: “restraining her from quarreling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	27	16	z86v			0	restraining the wind	“holding back the wind” or “keeping the wind under control”
PRO	27	17	w3va	figs-simile		0	Iron sharpens iron; in the same way, a man sharpens his friend.	These two phrases are comparing how iron and a man can be improved. Alternate translation: “As iron can sharpen another piece of iron, so a man’s character is improved by contact with his friend” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	27	18	gbr2			0	who tends	“who takes care of”
PRO	27	18	d71d	figs-activepassive		0	the one who protects his master will be honored	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a master will honor the one who protects him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	27	19	z68a	figs-metonymy		0	a person’s heart	Here this means a person’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “what a person thinks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	27	20	nv5h	translate-names		0	Abaddon	This is a name that means “destroyer.” Alternate translation: “the Destroyer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
PRO	27	20	c28l			0	are never satisfied	“are never filled up”
PRO	27	20	q6ud	figs-metonymy		0	a man’s eyes	Here the “eyes” represent a man’s desires. Alternate translation: “a man’s desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	27	21	c4r4	figs-explicit		0	A crucible is for silver and a furnace is for gold	This refers to how gold and silver are refined. A metal is refined by heating it to a high temperature so that it melts and the impurities may be removed. See how you translated the very similar phrase in [Proverbs 17:3](../17/03.md). Alternate translation: “A crucible is used to refine silver and a furnace is used to refine gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	27	21	eg8j	translate-unknown		0	crucible	a container used for heating substances to very high temperatures (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
PRO	27	21	eza1	translate-unknown		0	furnace	an oven that can be made extremely hot (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
PRO	27	21	b7qd	figs-activepassive		0	a person is tested when he is praised	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when one praises a person, they are also testing that person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	27	22	m5zv	figs-metaphor		0	Even if you crush a fool … yet his foolishness will not leave him	This means that even if a fool is made to suffer hardship or pain (being crushed is often a metaphor for suffering in Hebrew), he will remain foolish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	27	22	ir3k	translate-unknown		0	pestle	a hard tool with a rounded end, used for crushing things in a bowl (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
PRO	27	23	ixh6	figs-parallelism		0	Be sure you know the condition of your flocks and be concerned about your herds	These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
PRO	27	23	de7k			0	your flocks	“flocks of sheep”
PRO	27	23	b9bu			0	your herds	“herds of goats”
PRO	27	24	v1t6	figs-rquestion		0	Does a crown endure for all generations?	This question expects a negative answer to make the point that the reign of earthly rulers does not last forever. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “A crown does not endure for all generations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO	27	24	gu92	figs-metonymy		0	a crown	Here “crown” is a metonym for a king’s rule over his kingdom. Alternate translation: “a king’s rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	27	25	n1ai			0	the new growth appears	“the new sprouts appear” or “the new grass starts to grow”
PRO	27	26	ra5w			0	Connecting Statement:	Verses 26 and 27 go together with verses 23 to 25 as one proverb.
PRO	27	26	dar8	figs-explicit		0	Those lambs will provide your clothing	The implied information is that the wool (hair) from the lambs can be used to make clothing. Alternate translation: “The lambs’ wool will provide you with clothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	27	26	j2vp	figs-explicit		0	the goats will provide the price of the field	The implied information is that the money received by selling the goats will be enough to buy a field. Alternate translation: “selling your goats will provide the price of the field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	27	27	q28m	figs-explicit		0	nourishment for your servant girls	The implied information is that there will also be enough goats’ milk to feed the servant girls. Alternate translation: “there will be goat’s milk to nourish your servant girls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	27	27	xjw4			0	nourishment	“food”
PRO	28	intro	g91u			0		# Proverbs 28 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 28 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO	28	2	b4c7	figs-abstractnouns		0	Because of the transgression of a land	The abstract noun “transgression” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Because of how a land transgresses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	28	2	qks4	figs-metonymy		0	the transgression of a land	This is a metonym for the sins of the people living in a land. Alternate translation: “the transgression of the people of a land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	28	2	ivf7	figs-explicit		0	with a man of understanding and knowledge	The implied information is that this man is a ruler or leader. The abstract nouns “understanding” and “knowledge” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “with a man who understands and knows how to rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	28	3	tx2c			0	who oppresses	“who severely mistreats”
PRO	28	3	pb4k	figs-simile		0	like a beating rain that leaves no food	The poor man who oppresses other poor people is compared to a rain that falls so hard that it leaves no crop to harvest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	28	3	p9vx	figs-metaphor		0	beating rain	This is a metaphor for a rain coming down hard enough to cause crops to be driven down. Alternate translation: “damaging rain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	28	4	z1ah			0	forsake the law	“forsake God’s law”
PRO	28	4	j98f	figs-metaphor		0	those who keep the law	To “keep the law” means to do what God’s law requires. Alternate translation: “those who obey God’s law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	28	4	whf7	figs-metaphor		0	fight against them	“struggle against them.” This means to strongly oppose or resist them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	28	5	pi7r	figs-gendernotations		0	Evil men	Here “men” means people in general. Alternate translation: “People who do evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
PRO	28	5	t38q	figs-abstractnouns		0	do not understand justice	The abstract noun “justice” can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “do not understand what is just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	28	5	k5mh	figs-metaphor		0	those who seek Yahweh	Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	28	5	ru6t	figs-explicit		0	understand everything	The implied information is that those who seek Yahweh understand all about justice. Alternate translation: “completely understand what is just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	28	6	q4ty			0	It is better for a poor person … than for a rich person	“It is better to be a poor person … than it is to be a rich person”
PRO	28	6	pfi9	figs-metaphor		0	walks in his integrity	This represents a person living a life of integrity. The abstract noun “integrity” can be expressed as an adverb. Alternate translation: “walks honestly” or “lives honestly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	28	6	jdf4	figs-metaphor		0	who is crooked in his ways	Rich people who are dishonest are spoken of as if they walk on crooked or twisted paths. Alternate translation: “who is not honest in what he does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	28	7	b5pv	figs-metaphor		0	He who keeps the law	To “keep the law” means to do what God’s law requires. Alternate translation: “He who obeys God’s law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	28	7	h42h	figs-abstractnouns		0	a son who has understanding	The abstract noun “understanding” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “a son who understands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	28	7	rh6n			0	of gluttons	“of people who eat too much.” A “glutton” is a person who often eats and drinks excessively.
PRO	28	7	q9hm			0	shames his father	“puts his father to shame” or “dishonors his father”
PRO	28	8	uef7			0	makes his fortune	“increases his wealth”
PRO	28	8	i36g			0	charging too much interest	“charging extra money to borrow”
PRO	28	8	tj5f			0	interest	money paid by a borrower for the use of someone else’s money
PRO	28	8	xz6i			0	gathers his wealth	“brings his wealth together”
PRO	28	8	e1qz			0	for another	“for another person”
PRO	28	8	s7xf			0	pity	a strong feeling of sadness or sympathy for someone
PRO	28	9	w428			0	If one	“If a person”
PRO	28	9	s7cf	figs-synecdoche		0	turns away his ear from hearing the law	This represents the whole person turning away from and rejecting God’s law. Alternate translation: “turns away from hearing and obeying the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	28	9	ztw6	figs-activepassive		0	even his prayer is detestable	“even his prayer is offensive to God.” This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “God detests even his prayer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	28	9	a3bi			0	detestable	See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:32](../03/32.md).
PRO	28	10	hgy2	figs-metaphor		0	Whoever misleads the upright into an evil way	This is a metaphor for leading upright people in an evil direction. Alternate translation: “Whoever causes the upright to go in an evil direction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	28	10	pv8z			0	Whoever misleads … evil way will fall	“If anyone misleads … evil way, he will fall”
PRO	28	10	m6rz	figs-nominaladj		0	the upright	This refers to upright persons in general. Alternate translation: “upright persons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PRO	28	10	tw7h	figs-metaphor		0	will fall into his own pit	“will fall into the trap that he has dug.” This is a metaphor for ending up in the same bad place as others had been led toward. Alternate translation: “will end up in the same evil place toward which he guided other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	28	10	yg55	figs-nominaladj		0	the blameless	This refers to blameless persons in general. Alternate translation: “blameless persons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PRO	28	10	w756			0	will have a good inheritance	“will inherit what is good”
PRO	28	11	eg7v	figs-metaphor		0	be wise in his own eyes	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “be wise in his own thoughts” or “think he is wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	28	11	pj9j	figs-abstractnouns		0	who has understanding	The abstract noun “understanding” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “who understands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	28	11	ynr5	figs-idiom		0	will find him out	This is an idiom that means the poor person will be able to determine whether or not the rich person is really wise. Alternate translation: “will see his true nature” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	28	12	qew3			0	When the righteous triumph	“When righteous people succeed”
PRO	28	12	zkn5	figs-idiom		0	when the wicked arise	This is an idiom that means when the wicked gain power or start to rule. Alternate translation: “when the wicked rise to power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	28	12	emq6	figs-nominaladj		0	the wicked	This refers to wicked people in general. Alternate translation: “wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PRO	28	12	g949	figs-explicit		0	people are sought out	You may need to make explicit that those who “are sought out” have hidden themselves to escape from the wicked. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they seek people out” or “they seek out the people who hide from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	28	13	h8gm	figs-metaphor		0	hides his sins	“covers his sins.” This is the opposite of confessing and forsaking sins, and is spoken of as covering sins rather than bringing them into the open (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	28	13	e7kw			0	will not prosper	“will not succeed” or “will not advance”
PRO	28	13	m9fz	figs-activepassive		0	the one who confesses them and forsakes them will be shown mercy	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will show mercy to the one who confesses and forsakes them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	28	14	nh5t	figs-activepassive		0	The one who always lives with reverence is blessed	This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who always lives with reverence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	28	14	ffn2	figs-abstractnouns		0	lives with reverence	The abstract noun “reverence” can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “lives a reverent life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	28	14	ijf7			0	reverence	This refers to deeply respecting Yahweh and showing that respect by obeying him.
PRO	28	14	ymm8			0	whoever hardens his heart	“the one who hardens his heart”
PRO	28	14	ebu1	figs-idiom		0	hardens his heart	This is an idiom that means to be stubborn or unwilling to obey God. Alternate translation: “refuses to obey God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	28	14	l7ee	figs-metaphor		0	will fall into trouble	This represents ending up in misery and distress. Alternate translation: “will end up in trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	28	15	z8ti	figs-simile		0	Like a roaring lion or a charging bear is a wicked ruler over poor people	Poor people who are helpless against an evil ruler are compared to people who have a lion roaring at them or a bear attacking them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
PRO	28	15	x5l1	translate-unknown		0	a charging bear	A bear is a large, furry, dangerous animal that walks on four legs and has sharp claws and teeth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
PRO	28	16	et9j	figs-abstractnouns		0	The ruler who lacks understanding	The abstract noun “understanding” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “The ruler who does not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	28	16	az95			0	oppressor	a person who treats people harshly and makes their lives very difficult
PRO	28	16	lv7n	figs-abstractnouns		0	the one who hates dishonesty	The abstract noun “dishonesty” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “the one who hates being dishonest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	28	16	eae9	figs-idiom		0	prolong his days	This could mean: (1) this is an idiom that means his living for more time. Alternate translation: “live longer” or (2) this is an idiom that means extending the length of his reign. Alternate translation: “rule for a longer time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	28	17	rm8g	figs-metonymy		0	he has shed someone’s blood	Here “blood” represents a person’s life. To “shed blood” means to murder someone. Alternate translation: “he has killed someone” or “he has murdered someone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	28	17	v592			0	fugitive	a person who is running away to avoid being captured
PRO	28	17	iz6w	figs-idiom		0	until death	“until he dies.” This means for the rest of his life. Alternate translation: “all of his life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	28	18	nhr1	figs-activepassive		0	Whoever walks with integrity will be kept safe	This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “God will keep safe anyone who walks with integrity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	28	18	u4m5			0	Whoever	“Anyone who”
PRO	28	18	f45f	figs-metaphor		0	walks with integrity	This represents a person living a life of integrity. The abstract noun “integrity” can be expressed as an adverb. Alternate translation: “walks honestly” or “lives honestly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	28	18	kvc6	figs-metaphor		0	the one whose way is crooked	A dishonest person is spoken of as if he walks on crooked or twisted paths. Alternate translation: “the one who does not live honestly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	28	18	x79a	figs-metaphor		0	will suddenly fall	What will happen to a dishonest person is spoken of as if he suddenly fell down. Alternate translation: “will suddenly be ruined” or “will suddenly perish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	28	19	dlk7			0	works his land	This means to till, sow, and care for his crops.
PRO	28	19	uq9z			0	whoever follows	“anyone who follows”
PRO	28	19	t64p	figs-idiom		0	follows worthless pursuits	“chases after worthless projects.” The person who is busy doing things that do not produce anything is spoken of as chasing after useless things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	28	19	b8y8	figs-irony		0	will have plenty of poverty	The person following worthless pursuits is spoken of as getting the opposite of plenty of food. The abstract noun “poverty” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “will be very poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	28	20	ix4q	figs-litotes		0	the one who gets rich quickly will not go unpunished	The double negative “will not go unpunished” is used for emphasis. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will certainly punish the one who gets rich quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	28	20	nt6p	figs-explicit		0	the one who gets rich quickly	The implied information is that this person gains wealth by unfaithful or dishonest means. Alternate translation: “the one who tries to get rich quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	28	21	kg9c	figs-hyperbole		0	for a piece of bread a man will do wrong	“A piece of bread” here is an exaggeration for a very small bribe or reward. Alternate translation: “a man will sin for very little gain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
PRO	28	21	phu7			0	do wrong	“sin”
PRO	28	22	v63d			0	A stingy man	“A selfish man.” This is a person who does not like to share his possessions or spend money.
PRO	28	22	f7a8	figs-idiom		0	hurries after riches	The stingy man is spoken of as if he was chasing after wealth. Alternate translation: “is greedy for riches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	28	22	mz2h	figs-idiom		0	poverty will come upon him	The result of being stingy is spoken of as if poverty was overtaking the stingy person. The abstract noun “poverty” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “he will suddenly become poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	28	23	sr8r	figs-activepassive		0	Whoever disciplines someone, afterward will find more favor from him than from the one who flatters him with his tongue	This can be stated in active form, with the abstract noun “favor” being expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “A person will favor the one who disciplines him more than he favors the person who flatters him with his tongue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	28	23	q2x8			0	Whoever disciplines	“If a person disciplines”
PRO	28	23	hi86			0	disciplines	trains people to obey a set of guidelines for moral behavior
PRO	28	23	k6hl	figs-metonymy		0	flatters him with his tongue	The tongue here represents speaking. Alternate translation: “flatters him with words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	28	23	l9i1			0	flatters	praises someone in a manner that is not sincere, or praises someone about things that are not true
PRO	28	24	xcp2			0	Whoever robs	“The one who robs”
PRO	28	24	qt94	figs-quotations		0	says, “That is no sin,” he	This can be expressed as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “says that it is not a sin, he” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
PRO	28	24	ie7m	figs-idiom		0	the companion of	Possible meanings are: (1) “the friend of” or (2) an idiom that means having the same character as. Alternate translation: “the same kind of person as” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	28	25	e3ce			0	A greedy man	a person who selfishly wants more things, money or food than what he needs
PRO	28	25	bkj4	figs-metaphor		0	stirs up conflict	The action of the greedy man is spoken of as if he were stirring up or awakening conflict. Alternate translation: “causes conflict” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	28	26	pnc4	figs-synecdoche		0	One who trusts in his own heart	Depending on one’s self is spoken of as trusting in one’s own heart. Alternate translation: “The person who relies on himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	28	26	dyj3			0	whoever walks	“any person who walks”
PRO	28	26	g7hy	figs-idiom		0	walks in wisdom	This could mean: (1) this is an idiom that means to live wisely. Alternate translation: “lives wisely” or (2) this is an idiom that means to follow the teachings of wise people. Alternate translation: “follows wise teachings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	28	27	yhn4			0	The one	“The person”
PRO	28	27	y6e6	figs-nominaladj		0	the poor	This refers to poor people in general. Alternate translation: “poor people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
PRO	28	27	iwx5	figs-litotes		0	lack nothing	This double negative is used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “have everything they need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
PRO	28	27	ykd8	figs-activepassive		0	whoever closes his eyes to them will receive many curses	This can be stated in active form. This could mean: (1) they will receive many curses from the poor. Alternate translation: “the poor will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to them” or (2) they will receive many curses from people in general. Alternate translation: “people will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to the poor” or (3) they will receive many curses from God. Alternate translation: “God will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to the poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	28	27	cgl4			0	whoever closes	“anyone who closes”
PRO	28	27	x8x1	figs-metonymy		0	closes his eyes to	Closing the eyes represents not responding to the needs of the poor. Alternate translation: “ignores” or “chooses not to help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	28	28	ku38	figs-idiom		0	When the wicked arise	This is an idiom that means when wicked people gain power or start to rule. Alternate translation: “When wicked people rise to power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	28	28	xc51	figs-hyperbole		0	people hide themselves	This is an exaggeration for doing everything they can to avoid having wicked people harm them. Alternate translation: “people go into hiding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
PRO	28	28	vjp8			0	perish	This could mean: (1) “go away” or (2) “fall from power” or (3) “are destroyed.”
PRO	28	28	pd87			0	increase	This could mean: (1) “multiply” or (2) “rise to power.”
PRO	29	intro	pkl4			0		# Proverbs 29 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 29 concludes the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO	29	1	rl7a	figs-metaphor		0	who stiffens his neck	A person becoming stubborn is spoken of as if he stiffens his neck. Alternate translation: “who becomes stubborn” or “who refuses to listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	29	1	nb5z	figs-activepassive		0	will be broken in a moment	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will suddenly break him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	29	1	y5ft	figs-metaphor		0	beyond healing	“and no one will be able to heal him.” Sickness is a metaphor for any kind of bad situation. Alternate translation: “and no one will be able to help him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	29	2	w7r2	figs-metonymy		0	the people sigh	The people let out long, loud breaths that show that they are weary and sad. Alternate translation: “the people will be weary and sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	29	4	v6du	figs-abstractnouns		0	by justice	The abstract noun “justice” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “by doing what is just” or “by making just laws” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	29	5	x5x6			0	flatters his neighbor	knowingly tells his neighbor things that are not true so that the neighbor will do what the speaker wants him to do
PRO	29	5	udx2	figs-metaphor		0	spreading a net for his feet	The writer compares the flattery of a person to setting that person up to being caught in a trap. Alternate translation: “setting a trap to catch that person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	29	6	k8iq	figs-idiom		0	In the sin of an evil person is a trap	When an evil person sins, it is as if he is stepping into a trap. He desires to do evil to other people, but God will use what he does to punish him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	29	8	g91s	figs-metonymy		0	set a city on fire	Here the word “city” represents the people who live in the city. Mockers causing the people to experience turmoil and possibly to become violent is spoken of as if they set the city on fire. Alternate translation: “create turmoil for the people of a city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	29	8	vcu6	figs-idiom		0	turn away wrath	This idiom means to cause angry people no longer to be angry. Alternate translation: “calm the wrath of angry people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	29	9	el5g			0	has an argument with	Another possible meaning is “goes to court against.”
PRO	29	9	tzx7			0	he rages and laughs	The fool becomes very angry and tries to keep the wise person from speaking or the court judge from judging.
PRO	29	9	kn5t			0	rages	This means to be loud and excited and to move with powerful movements like a strong storm. This is a negative word.
PRO	29	9	qmv5			0	there will be no rest	“they will not be able to settle the problem”
PRO	29	10	jbu4	figs-idiom		0	seek the life of	This idiom means to “want to kill.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	29	12	ui7k			0	pays attention	“listens.” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 17:4](../17/04.md).
PRO	29	12	b9es	figs-metaphor		0	all his officials will be wicked	The actions of the ruler are spoken of by stating the result they will cause. Alternate translation: “it is as if he is teaching his officials to be wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	29	13	f56w			0	oppressor	a person who treats people harshly and makes their lives very difficult
PRO	29	13	psq6	figs-idiom		0	Yahweh gives light to the eyes of them both	This idiom means “Yahweh makes both of them alive.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	29	14	x486	figs-metonymy		0	his throne	The throne is a metonym for the kingdom he rules from his throne. Alternate translation: “his kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	29	15	ybi8	figs-personification		0	The rod and reproof give wisdom	The writer speaks as if a rod and reproof were people who could give wisdom as a physical gift. Alternate translation: “If a parent uses the rod on his child and reproves him, the child will become wise” or “If parents discipline their child and tell him when he has done wrong, the child will learn to live wisely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	29	15	p19z	figs-metonymy		0	The rod	Parents in Israel used wooden rods as instruments to discipline children by striking them. Alternate translation: “discipline” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	29	15	m43w			0	reproof	When a person gives reproof to another person, or reproves that person, he tells that person that he does not approve of what that other person is doing.
PRO	29	16	th5t	figs-abstractnouns		0	transgression increases	The abstract noun “transgression” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “more people will transgress and their sins will become worse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	29	16	ha78	figs-abstractnouns		0	the downfall of those wicked people	The abstract noun “downfall” can be translated with the verb “fall,” which is a metaphor for losing the power to rule. Alternate translation: “those wicked people fall” or “those wicked people lose their power to rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	29	18	s41b	figs-activepassive		0	the one who keeps the law is blessed	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who keeps the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	29	19	kl1y	figs-activepassive		0	A slave will not be corrected by words	This can be translated in active form.”You will not be able to correct a slave simply by talking to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	29	20	qfr9	figs-rquestion		0	See a man who is hasty in his words?	The writer is using a question to get the reader’s attention. Alternate translation: “You should notice what happens to a man who is hasty in his words.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO	29	21	k1j6			0	who pampers his slave	“who allows his slave to avoid work and who treats his slave better than he treats other slaves”
PRO	29	21	qas4			0	at the end of it	“at the end of the slave’s youth” or “when the slave is grown”
PRO	29	21	qs95			0	there will be trouble	These words translate a Hebrew word whose meaning no one knows for sure. Some understand it to mean that the slave will be weak, others that the slave will rule the household.
PRO	29	22	s7ha	figs-metaphor		0	stirs up strife	Causing people to argue more is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening arguments. The abstract noun “strife” can be stated as “argue.” See how you translated similar words in [Proverbs 15:18](../15/18.md). Alternate translation: “causes people to argue more” or “causes people to argue and fight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	29	22	ad7m	figs-idiom		0	a master of rage	This idiom means “a person who becomes angry easily.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	29	23	z268	figs-activepassive		0	one who has a humble spirit will be given honor	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “men will give honor to a person who has a humble spirit” or “a person who has a humble spirit will receive honor from men” or “Yahweh will cause men to honor a person who has a humble spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	29	24	jpz1			0	hates his own life	“becomes his own enemy”
PRO	29	24	ej5k	figs-explicit		0	he hears the curse and says nothing	This could mean: (1) people have put the “one who shares with a thief” under oath to tell the truth about what he knows about what the thief stole, and he knows he will be punished if he tells the truth. Alternate translation: “he does not dare to testify under oath” or (2) people do not know who the thief is but they call on God to curse the thief, and the “one who shares” is afraid to confess and so come out from under the curse because he is afraid of the thief. Alternate translation: “he says nothing even after people have cursed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	29	25	t7d5	figs-metaphor		0	The fear of man makes a snare	Being afraid of what other people might do is spoken of as stepping into a trap. Alternate translation: “Anyone who is afraid of what other people might do to him is like a person who has become snared in a trap” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	29	25	k5l2			0	a snare	a trap that catches animals with ropes
PRO	29	25	t3gk	figs-activepassive		0	the one who trusts in Yahweh will be protected	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will protect the one who trusts in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	29	26	sa3k	figs-metonymy		0	Many are those who seek the face of the ruler	The word “face” is a metonym for the ruler listening to people telling him what they want him to do and then doing it. Alternate translation: “Many people want their ruler to pay attention to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	29	26	w96b	figs-abstractnouns		0	from Yahweh is justice for a person	It is Yahweh, not human rulers, who will see that people treat a person justly. The abstract noun “justice” can be stated as “just.” Alternate translation: “it is Yahweh who is truly just towards a person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	29	27	c4s9			0	detestable	a person who should be hated. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:32](../03/32.md).
PRO	30	intro	aud8			0		# Proverbs 30 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 30 is a chapter in Proverbs attributed to Agur, who is a person otherwise unknown.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Agur<br><br>His full title is Agur, Son of Jakeh. Agur comes from a Hebrew word that means “gatherer” and so some scholars believe this is not a real name, but possibly a way of referring to Solomon as a gatherer of proverbs. However, it is still prudent to simply use this as a name.<br><br>### Three things and four<br><br>From verses 15 through 32, the author uses a specific technique to explain some things. He says there are three things and even four and lists items that exemplify a feature like “small and yet wise.” The numbering is not meant to be so literal, but as a memory device that introduces the items. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])<br><br>### Themes<br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO	30	1	u8l9	translate-names		0	Agur … Jakeh … Ithiel … Ucal	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
PRO	30	1	v8qt			0	Agur son of Jakeh	This is the literal son of Jakeh, not a grandchild.
PRO	30	1	ic3d			0	the utterance	“the message”
PRO	30	1	y7qf			0	to Ithiel, to Ithiel and Ucal	“to Ithiel—that is, to Ithiel and Ucal”
PRO	30	2	n4d9			0	Surely	“Certainly” or “There is no doubt that”
PRO	30	2	ij38	figs-abstractnouns		0	I do not have the understanding of a human being	The abstract noun “understanding” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “I do not understand anything the way human beings are supposed to understand them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	30	3	ln5f	figs-abstractnouns		0	nor do I have knowledge of the Holy One	The abstract noun “knowledge” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “nor do I really know anything about the Holy One” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	30	4	kw1a	figs-rquestion		0	Who has … down? Who has … hands? Who has … cloak? Who has … earth?	The writer asks these questions to get the reader thinking about how much greater Yahweh is than people. Alternate translation: “No person has ever … down. No person has ever … hands. No person has ever … cloak. No person has ever … earth.” or “Who has … down? Who has … hands? Who has … cloak? Who has … earth? No one has ever done any of these things.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO	30	4	eb1b			0	heaven	where God lives
PRO	30	4	bz7z	figs-metaphor		0	gathered up the wind in the hollow of his hands	The writer speaks of the wind as if it were something that a person could catch and hold in his hand. Alternate translation: “has caught the wind in his hands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	30	4	g4i7			0	the hollow of his hands	the way his hands are shaped when he is scooping up, for example, water or sand. “his cupped hands”
PRO	30	4	l4kf			0	gathered up	brought small scattered objects into a pile so they can be lifted
PRO	30	4	rce5			0	has established all the ends of the earth	“has set up the limits for where the earth ends” or “has marked the boundaries for the ends of the earth”
PRO	30	4	t7g1	figs-rquestion		0	What is his name, and what is the name of his son?	The writer uses these questions to command the reader to give an answer. Alternate translation: “Tell me his name and the name of his son, if you know them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO	30	4	jv39	figs-irony		0	Surely you know!	The writer uses irony to show that neither he nor the reader know any person who can do what the “who” in the earlier questions can do. Alternate translation: “I do not think you really know anyone who can do those things.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
PRO	30	5	mna2	figs-metaphor		0	is tested	Words are spoken of as if they were metals that need someone to clean the bad parts out of them. Alternate translation: “is like a precious metal from which someone has removed all the useless material” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	30	5	u15z	figs-metaphor		0	he is a shield to those who take refuge in him	The word “shield” is a metaphor for something that protects a person. Alternate translation: “he protects those who come and ask him to protect them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	30	6	lu63			0	add to his words	say more than he has said
PRO	30	6	e39x	figs-activepassive		0	you will be proved to be	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will prove that you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	30	8	v3d5	figs-metaphor		0	Put vanity and lies far away from me	This could mean: (1) “Do not allow people to speak vanity and lies to me” or (2) “Do not allow me to speak vanity and lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	30	8	jw32			0	vanity	false, useless words
PRO	30	8	wk6q	figs-metaphor		0	Give me neither poverty nor riches	The writer speaks as if “poverty” and “riches” were physical objects that someone could give to another. They are also abstract nouns that can be stated as “poor” and “rich.” Alternate translation: “Do not allow me to be either very poor or very rich” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	30	9	vrk2	figs-hypo		0	if I have too much, I might deny you and say	This describes a hypothetical situation that has not happened but is possible if the writer becomes rich. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
PRO	30	9	t24i	figs-hypo		0	if I become poor, I might steal and profane	This describes a hypothetical situation that has not happened but is possible if the writer becomes poor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
PRO	30	9	f4ah			0	I might steal and profane the name of my God	“I might make people who know that I have stolen things think that there is no God” or “I might harm God’s reputation by stealing”
PRO	30	10	rz4a			0	slander	speak falsely about another person with the desire to harm him
PRO	30	10	ycc9			0	he will curse	“the servant will curse”
PRO	30	10	u5fu	figs-activepassive		0	you will be held guilty	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will hold you guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	30	11	sz6e			0	a generation that curses … and does not bless	“a generation of people who curse … and do not bless”
PRO	30	11	z4bb			0	generation	type or class or group
PRO	30	12	h8cq			0	a generation that is	“a generation of people that are”
PRO	30	12	dp6p	figs-metaphor		0	is pure in their own eyes	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “considers themselves pure” or “believes they are pure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	30	12	re7r	figs-metaphor		0	they are not washed of their filth	The words “washed” and “filth” speak of God forgiving people who sin as if he were washing physical filth off of the people. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has not forgiven them of their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	30	12	fyp5			0	filth	This should be translated with a polite term that includes human or animal vomit and waste.
PRO	30	13	ey4d	figs-metonymy		0	eyes are raised up … their eyelids lifted up	This describes people who think that they are better than other people. Their eyes show that they are proud, and the way they look at others shows that they think they are better than those other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	30	14	zca7	figs-metaphor		0	There is a generation whose teeth are swords, and their jawbones are like knives, so they may devour the poor … and the needy	The people of the generation who speak very harmful things is spoken of as if they were wild animals with teeth and jawbones made of swords and knives, and they eat the poor and needy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	30	14	z22j			0	jawbones	the bones of the face where teeth grow
PRO	30	15	yr92	figs-metaphor		0	The leech has two daughters	This is an example of something that always wants more. Alternate translation: “Greed has two daughters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	30	15	ik61			0	leech	a type of worm that attaches itself to the skin and sucks blood
PRO	30	15	n8v6			0	“Give and give” they cry	Another possible meaning is “and they are both named Give Me.”
PRO	30	15	snu6	writing-poetry		0	There are three things that are never satisfied, four that never say, “Enough”	This use of the numbers “three” and “four” together here is likely a poetic device. Alternate translation: “There are four things that are never satisfied, who never say, ‘Enough’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
PRO	30	15	xlu4	figs-litotes		0	are never satisfied	This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “always want more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
PRO	30	16	d8p5	figs-personification		0	land that is never satisfied with water	Land that is no longer producing food because there has been no rain is spoken of as if it were a person who does not have enough water to drink. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
PRO	30	17	hr1j	figs-abstractnouns		0	scorns obedience to a mother	The word “obedience” is a metonym for the mother herself. It is also an abstract noun that can be stated as “obey.” Alternate translation: “considers his mother worthless and will not obey her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	30	17	pr2u			0	his eyes … the vultures	The writer says that the person will die by giving two pictures of what happens to people who die away from where people live.
PRO	30	17	l9a8	figs-activepassive		0	his eyes will be pecked out by the ravens of the valley	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the ravens of the valley will peck out his eyes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	30	17	x3vs			0	ravens	large, shiny, black birds that eat plants and dead animals
PRO	30	17	sxz9	figs-activepassive		0	he will be eaten by the vultures	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the vultures will eat him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	30	17	k8je			0	vultures	any one of several large birds that eat dead animals and have small, featherless heads
PRO	30	18	njh2			0	There are three things that are … four that I do not understand:	The use of the numbers “three” and “four” here is likely a poetic device. Alternate translation: “There are some things that are too wonderful for me that I do not understand—four of them are:”
PRO	30	19	u9rp	figs-metaphor		0	in the heart of the sea	The “heart” refers to the middle. Alternate translation: “in the middle of the sea” or “on the open sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	30	20	h26k	figs-euphemism		0	she eats and she wipes her mouth	This seems to be both a euphemism and a metaphor for committing adultery and then taking a bath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	30	21	s3e3			0	Under three things the earth trembles, and under four it cannot bear up	The use of the numbers “three” and “four” here is likely a poetic device. “There are some things that make the earth tremble, that it cannot endure. Four of these are:”
PRO	30	22	xv9v	figs-activepassive		0	a fool when he is filled with food	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “a fool who has had enough to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	30	23	l8m1	figs-activepassive		0	a hated woman when she marries	That is, people rightly hated her before she married; once she marries, she will be worse than she was before she married. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “a woman whom good people have hated when she marries” or “an outcast woman when she marries” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	30	23	dwd5			0	takes the place of her mistress	rules the household
PRO	30	26	p11p			0	rock badgers	an animal with small, rounded ears, short legs, and no tail
PRO	30	28	l4zb			0	lizard	a small reptile that has four legs, a long, slender body, and a tail
PRO	30	29	u31f			0	There are three things that are … four that are stately in how they walk	The use of the numbers “three” and “four” here is likely a poetic device. Alternate translation: “There are some things that walk stately. Four of these are”
PRO	30	29	dc44			0	stately	majestic or dignified, like a king
PRO	30	31	e3z8			0	strutting rooster	an adult male chicken that walks proudly
PRO	30	33	kgm4			0	churning	strongly stirring
PRO	30	33	nj7p			0	butter	Animal milk that someone has stirred and made thick.
PRO	31	intro	dd9p			0		# Proverbs 31 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 31 begins with 9 verses from King Lemuel. The last portion of this chapter is a poem about a godly wife. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])<br><br>### King Lemuel<br><br>This person is unknown in Scripture, other than here. It is important to recognize that the words in this chapter are words of his mother addressed to him. They are formed like advice of a mother to her son.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### An acrostic poem<br><br>Verse 10 through 31 is tightly formed as a poem in the original language. There are 22 lines in the Hebrew language that each begin with a successive letter of the alphabet. However, each language will have a different set of letters. Therefore, it is important to realize this was a single composition with a single theme of a noble or godly wife.<br><br>### Themes<br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
PRO	31	2	nw5l	figs-rquestion		0	What, my son? What is it, son of my womb? What do you want, son of my vows?	The rhetorical question **What** could mean: (1) “What are you doing?” or “You should not be doing what you are doing” or (2) “What shall I tell you?” or “Listen to what I am telling you” or (3) “Do not do the things I am about to warn you against.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO	31	2	ag7f			0	my son … son of my womb … son of my vows	The speaker wants the hearer to notice carefully and to respect the one who is talking to him.
PRO	31	2	ye5f			0	son of my womb	The womb is a synecdoche for the person. It is best to use a polite term for the body part in which babies grow before they are born.
PRO	31	2	p2hh			0	son of my vows	Here, **vows** could mean: (1) the mother’s marriage vows or (2) a vow after she married that if God allowed her to have a child she would dedicate him to God.
PRO	31	3	irw8			0	Do not give your strength to women	“Do not work hard trying to have sex with women,” either outside of marriage or with concubines.
PRO	31	3	tuq5			0	or your ways to those who destroy kings	“or allow those who destroy kings to advise you”
PRO	31	3	j3yt			0	your ways	This could mean: (1) “the way you live your life” or (2) “the work you do”
PRO	31	3	v8um			0	those who destroy kings	probably the immoral “women” to whom he is not to give his strength
PRO	31	4	s8mw			0	Lemuel	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 31:1](../31/01.md).
PRO	31	5	ex8n	figs-activepassive		0	what has been decreed	This can be translated in active form. This could mean: (1) “what God has decreed” or (2) “what the kings themselves have decreed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	31	5	w2jv			0	pervert the rights of all the afflicted	“deny afflicted people their legal rights”
PRO	31	5	y3ds			0	pervert	exchange good for evil
PRO	31	5	mdn6			0	all the afflicted	“all those people whom others wrongfully harm”
PRO	31	6	q63s	figs-ellipsis		0	and wine	The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “and give wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PRO	31	6	i7g7			0	in bitter distress	“who’s souls are bitter” or “who are in misery”
PRO	31	7	f15v	figs-abstractnouns		0	his poverty	The abstract noun “poverty” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “how poor he is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	31	7	cb4b	figs-abstractnouns		0	his trouble	The abstract noun “trouble” can be translated as a clause. Alternate translation: “the bad things that are happening to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	31	8	r3tl	figs-idiom		0	Speak for those who cannot speak	Speaking is a metonym for using words to defend innocent people. Alternate translation: “Defend those who cannot defend themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	31	8	mxp7	figs-metonymy		0	for the causes of all who are perishing	The cause represents the person whose cause it is. Alternate translation: “so that people will treat all who are perishing justly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	31	8	e1y9	figs-ellipsis		0	for the causes	The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “speak for the causes” or “speak out for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
PRO	31	9	yc2m	figs-doublet		0	poor and needy people	These two words have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “people who are poor and cannot get the things that they need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
PRO	31	10	ufh2	figs-rquestion		0	Who can find a capable wife?	The writer asks a question to show that he is beginning a new section. Alternate translation: “Not many men can find a capable wife.” or “Not many men can find a wife who is able to do many things well.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
PRO	31	10	v97s			0	Her value is far more than jewels	“She is more precious than jewels”
PRO	31	11	i7un	figs-litotes		0	he will never be poor	This litotes can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “he will always have what he needs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
PRO	31	13	usy5			0	wool	sheep’s hair that is used to make cloth
PRO	31	13	xs1v			0	flax	a plant whose fiber is used to make linen
PRO	31	13	n9qr			0	with the delight of her hands	Possible meanings are that the word **delight** describes: (1) how she feels as she works, “gladly with her hands,” or (2) how she feels about the wool and flax, “with her hands on things that she enjoys working with”
PRO	31	14	h984			0	merchant	someone who buys and sells
PRO	31	15	ry3t			0	distributes the work for her female servants	“tells her female servants what work each of them is to do that day”
PRO	31	16	fgc9	figs-metaphor		0	the fruit of her hands	The money she has earned from the work she did with wool and flax ([Proverbs 31:13](../31/13.md)) is spoken of as if it were fruit growing off a tree. The hands are a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “the money she has earned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	31	17	vv53	figs-idiom		0	She dresses herself with strength	Putting on clothes is a metonym for preparing for work. Alternate translation: “She prepares herself for hard physical work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	31	17	fn86			0	makes her arms strong	“she strengthens her arms by doing her work”
PRO	31	18	d4np			0	perceives	sees by looking carefully
PRO	31	18	jpw6	figs-hyperbole		0	all night long her lamp is not extinguished	This is probably an exaggeration: she works late into the night, but not from dusk to dawn. Alternate translation: “She burns a lamp through the night as she works” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
PRO	31	19	d3iv			0	spindle	a thin rod or stick with pointed ends that is used in making thread
PRO	31	20	en6l	figs-metonymy		0	reaches out with her hand to poor	The hand is a metonym for the help the woman uses her hand to give. Alternate translation: “helps poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	31	20	s1we			0	reaches out with her hands to	These words translate the same words translated “puts her hands on” in [Proverbs 31:19](../31/19.md).
PRO	31	21	tt96	figs-metonymy		0	are clothed in scarlet	Here “scarlet” does not refer to the color of the cloth, but that the clothing is expensive and warm. Alternate translation: “have expensive, warm clothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	31	21	ail4			0	scarlet	The color red, but with a hint of orange.
PRO	31	22	a3x1			0	linen	cloth made of flax yarn
PRO	31	23	ra37	figs-activepassive		0	Her husband is known	This can be translated in active form. The verb “know” is a metonym for respect. Alternate translation: “People respect her husband” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	31	23	dbz1			0	when he sits with the elders of the land	to make laws and settle arguments
PRO	31	24	d6wi			0	linen	cloth made from flax yarn
PRO	31	24	ghw5			0	sashes	long pieces of cloth worn around the waist or over one shoulder
PRO	31	25	k3bi	figs-metaphor		0	She is clothed with strength and honor	Having strength and honor is spoken of as if the woman were wearing them. This can be translated in active form. The abstract nouns “strength” and “honor” can be translated by an adjective and a verb, respectively. Alternate translation: “Everyone can see that she is strong, and so they honor her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	31	25	a29g	figs-hyperbole		0	laughs at the time to come	This is probably an exaggeration to show that she is not afraid. Alternate translation: “is not afraid of what will happen in the future” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
PRO	31	26	lb6q	figs-metonymy		0	opens her mouth with wisdom	The act of opening her mouth is a metonym for speaking. The abstract noun “wisdom” can be translated as an adverb or an adjective. Alternate translation: “she speaks wisely” or “she speaks wise words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	31	26	q9jl	figs-metonymy		0	the law of kindness is on her tongue	The phrase “on her tongue” refers to her speaking, as the tongue is part of the mouth. The phrase “the law of kindness” refers to her teaching people to be kind. Alternate translation: “she teaches people to be kind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	31	27	uqe6	figs-metaphor		0	watches over the ways of her household	The word “ways” refers to the way people live. Alternate translation: “makes sure her whole family lives in a way that pleases God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
PRO	31	27	ynb8	figs-idiom		0	does not eat the bread of idleness	To “eat the bread of” something means to do something. Alternate translation: “she is not idle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
PRO	31	27	j79l			0	idleness	doing nothing and being lazy
PRO	31	28	hq5u	figs-metonymy		0	rise up and	This could mean: (1) literally “stand up and” or (2) as a metonym, “actively.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
PRO	31	28	lqv2	figs-quotations		0	call her blessed	saying that good things have happened to her because she has done good things. This can be translated as a direct quote. Alternate translation: “congratulate her” or “say, ‘Yay, Mom!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
PRO	31	29	fl85			0	you surpassed	“you have done better than”
PRO	31	30	e8cj	figs-abstractnouns		0	Elegance is deceptive	The abstract noun “elegance” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “A gracious woman can deceive people” or “A woman with good manners could really be evil” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 11:16](../11/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	31	30	qcq1	figs-abstractnouns		0	beauty is vain	The abstract noun “beauty” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “a woman who is beautiful now will not always be beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
PRO	31	30	k9e4	figs-activepassive		0	she will be praised	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will praise her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
PRO	31	31	df11	figs-metaphor		0	the fruit of her hands	The money she has earned from the work she did with wool and flax ([Proverbs 31:13](../31/13.md)) is spoken of as if it were fruit growing off a tree. The hands are a synecdoche for the person. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 31:16](./16.md). Alternate translation: “the money she has earned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
PRO	31	31	ef6y	figs-metonymy		0	let her works praise her in the gates	She will be praised for her works, not by her works. Those “in the gates” are the important people of the city who conduct business and legal affairs near the gates of the city. Alternate translation: “may the important people of the city praise her because of the works she has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
