Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
DEU	front	intro	rm3n			0		# Introduction to Deuteronomy<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of Deuteronomy<br><br>1. Moses reminds Israel of how Yahweh guided them through the wilderness (1:1–3:29)<br>1. Moses appeals for Israel to obey the law of Yahweh (4:1–43)<br>1. The Ten Commandments (5:1–10:22)<br>1. Rules and warnings from the Law (11:1–26:19)<br>1. Instructions for entering Canaan (27:1–26)<br>1. Blessings for obeying and curses for disobeying (28:1-68)<br>1. The covenant renewed (29:1-30:20)<br>1. Last words of Moses, the Song of Moses, and his death (31:1–34:12)<br><br><br>### What is the Book of Deuteronomy about?<br><br>In the book of Deuteronomy, Moses repeats the laws of the covenant that God made with the people of Israel. The people of Israel were about to go into the Promised Land. Before they entered the land, Moses reminded them of what Yahweh did for them and what he expected from them. Moses warned the people about worshipping idols and no longer trusting Yahweh once they settled in the Promised Land. Yahweh promised to judge those who disobey him and to bless those who obey his Law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>The name “Deuteronomy” means “Second Law” or “the retelling of the Law.” Translators may decide on a title such as, “A Repeat of the Law” or “Moses Explains the Law Again.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Deuteronomy?<br><br>The writers of both the Old and New Testament present Moses as being very involved with writing the Book of Deuteronomy. However, many scholars think that Joshua wrote chapter 34. This chapter tells how Moses died.<br><br>### What are the important features of the Book of Deuteronomy?<br><br>The book contains a series of speeches that Moses gave to Israel before he died. He spoke these things just before the people entered the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### Why did Yahweh command the Israelites to completely destroy the people who lived in the Promised Land?<br><br>As God prepared the Israelites to enter the Promised Land, he commanded them to completely destroy the Canaanite people who lived there. The Israelites would then not be tempted to join them and worship their false gods.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### What is the role of God’s name in Deuteronomy?<br><br>God’s name is mentioned over thirty times in the book of Deuteronomy. The use of God’s name in this book usually represents God’s honor or fame. At other times in Deuteronomy, God’s name represents his presence. God said he would choose a place and make his name dwell there. This means God’s presence would be there. The people were to go to that place to worship him.<br><br>### Can this book be translated before the rest of the Pentateuch?<br><br>The Books of Genesis and Exodus help to explain what happens in Deuteronomy. For this reason, those books should be translated before the Book of Deuteronomy.
DEU	1	intro	ggp9			0		# Deuteronomy 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter forms a continuation with the last chapter of the book of Numbers.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s victory<br>The chapter explains that Israel’s conquering of the Promised Land will be done by Yahweh. They are not to fear the people of Canaan but be obedient to Yahweh. Yahweh is bringing about his judgement upon the people of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])<br><br>### Possessing the land<br>While the Promised Land belongs to Israel, they do not possess the land. Possessing the land is an important theme. Posessing the land depended on Israel’s faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])
DEU	1	1	j9ty			0	beyond the Jordan	This refers to the land across the Jordan River, to the east of Israel. Moses was east of the Jordan when he spoke to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “east of the Jordan”
DEU	1	1	bg65	translate-names		0	Suph…Paran…Tophel…Laban…Hazeroth…Dizahab	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	1	2	p4gk			0	It is eleven days’ journey from Horeb…to Kadesh Barnea	“It takes eleven days to walk from Horeb…to Kadesh Barnea”
DEU	1	2	m2r5	translate-names		0	Mount Seir	This is a mountainous area south of the Dead Sea. The area is also called “Edom.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	1	2	pp45	translate-numbers		0	eleven	“11” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU	1	3	pc9j	translate-ordinal		0	It happened in the fortieth year, in the eleventh month, on the first day of the month, that Moses spoke	The ordinal numbers can be translated as cardinal numbers. Alternate translation: “They had lived in the wilderness for 40 years, 11 months, and 1 day, when Moses spoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
DEU	1	3	j362	translate-numbers		0	fortieth	40th (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU	1	3	zfn5	translate-hebrewmonths		0	in the eleventh month, on the first day of the month	This is the eleventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the middle of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
DEU	1	3	p27w	translate-numbers		0	eleventh	11th (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU	1	3	d97r			0	Yahweh	This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
DEU	1	4	ws56			0	Yahweh had attacked	“Yahweh had enabled the Israelites to defeat”
DEU	1	4	x2fp	translate-names		0	Sihon…Og	These are names of kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	1	4	mpn7	translate-names		0	Heshbon…Ashtaroth at Edrei	These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	1	5	cn3h			0	Beyond the Jordan	This refers to the land across the Jordan River, to the east of Israel. Moses was east of the Jordan when he said this. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “East of the Jordan River”
DEU	1	6	s8em			0	spoke to us	The word “us” refers to Moses and the other people of Israel.
DEU	1	6	gy3a	figs-idiom		0	You have lived long enough in this hill country	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “You do not need to stay near this mountain any longer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	1	7	kh6j			0	General Information:	Moses continues to remind the people of Israel what Yahweh said to them.
DEU	1	7	l6np	figs-idiom		0	Turn and take your journey	The word “turn” is an idiom for beginning action. Alternate translation: “Start again on your journey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	1	7	rbe5			0	hill country…Euphrates	Yahweh is describing places in the land that he has promised to give to the Israelites.
DEU	1	7	faf3			0	hill country	This is an area in the hills near the place where the Amorites lived.
DEU	1	7	y94k			0	lowland	an area of land that is low and flat
DEU	1	8	bp4f			0	Look	“Pay attention to what I am about to say”
DEU	1	8	i61s			0	I have set the land before you	“I am now giving this land to you”
DEU	1	8	p2mn	figs-pronouns		0	that Yahweh swore	Yahweh is speaking as if he were another person. Alternate translation: “that I, Yahweh, swore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
DEU	1	8	pcv4	figs-synecdoche		0	fathers	The word “fathers” is a synecdoche for all ancestors. Alternate translation: “ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	1	9	qad3			0	General Information:	Moses continues to remind the people of Israel what Yahweh said to them.
DEU	1	9	dv93	figs-explicit		0	I spoke to you at that time	Here “I” refers to Moses. The phrase “at that time” refers to when the Israelites were at Horeb, which is the same as Mount Sinai. Alternate translation: “When we were at Horeb, I spoke to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	1	9	l5mr	figs-idiom		0	I am not able to carry you myself alone	Here “to carry you” means “to lead you” or “to govern you.” Alternate translation: “It is too much for me to lead you by myself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	1	10	zy9z	figs-hyperbole		0	as the multitude of the stars of heaven	This is an exaggeration that means God has greatly increased the number of Israelites. Alternate translation: “a great crowd of many people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
DEU	1	11	it3v	figs-metaphor		0	a thousand times	The phrase “a thousand” is a metaphor for “very many.” Alternate translation: “very many times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	1	11	spg1	translate-numbers		0	a thousand	1000 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU	1	12	q9dw			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	1	12	fvz8	figs-rquestion		0	But how can I myself alone carry your loads, your burdens, and your disputes?	Moses uses a question to emphasize that he cannot solve all of their problems by himself. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot carry your loads, your burdens, and your disputes by myself.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
DEU	1	12	l36d	figs-metaphor		0	carry your loads, your burdens	Moses speaks as if the people’s problems and complaints that he needed to take care of were heavy physical objects that he had been carrying. Alternate translation: “take care of your problems, your complaints” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	1	12	iss7			0	your disputes	“your arguments” or “your disagreements”
DEU	1	13	ue4a			0	men of good repute from each tribe	“men from each tribe whom the people of Israel respect”
DEU	1	15	f4vm			0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
DEU	1	15	u5jy			0	men of good repute	“men whom your people respected.” See how this is translated in [Deuteronomy 1:13](../01/13.md).
DEU	1	15	t5iw	translate-numbers		0	of thousands…of hundreds…of fifties…of tens	“of groups of 1,000…of groups of 100…of groups of 50…and groups of 10” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU	1	15	s5h1			0	captains…officers	These are titles for different leaders in Israel’s government.
DEU	1	15	s3vi			0	tribe by tribe	“from each of your tribes”
DEU	1	16	dq18			0	judge righteously between a man and his brother	“make right and fair decisions about the disputes Israelites have with each other”
DEU	1	17	tia7	figs-pronouns		0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the judges, so the commands are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
DEU	1	17	k656			0	You will not show partiality	“Do not show partiality”
DEU	1	17	l3vl	figs-merism		0	you will hear the small and the great alike	These two extremes “small” and “great” represent all people. Alternate translation: “you will treat all people alike” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
DEU	1	17	jze3	figs-synecdoche		0	You will not be afraid of the face of man	The word “face” is a metonym for the whole person. “You will not” is a command. “Do not be afraid of anyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	1	18	crf3	figs-explicit		0	at that time	This means the time when they were at Horeb, at Mount Sinai. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	1	19	bf68			0	General Information:	Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did.
DEU	1	19	s8zk			0	terrible wilderness that you saw	“large and dangerous desert that you crossed through”
DEU	1	20	lj3y			0	General Information:	Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did.
DEU	1	21	sel7	figs-pronouns		0	Look…your God…before you; go up, take possession…your fathers…to you; do not be afraid, neither be discouraged	Moses is speaking to the Israelites as if he were speaking to one man, so these forms should be singular, not plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
DEU	1	21	xjd3			0	has set the land before you	“is now giving this land to you.” See how this is translated in [Deuteronomy 1:8](../01/08.md).
DEU	1	22	jr4u			0	General Information:	Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did.
DEU	1	23	cm5h	translate-numbers		0	twelve men	“12 men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU	1	24	n7e4	figs-idiom		0	They turned and went	Turning is an idiom for beginning to obey a command. Alternate translation: “They left that place and went” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	1	24	m2qr	translate-names		0	Valley of Eshkol	This is a valley in the Hebron region, which is south of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	1	24	h6p7			0	scouted it	“looked for places they could attack”
DEU	1	25	d189			0	General Information:	Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did.
DEU	1	25	c795			0	They took	“The 12 men took”
DEU	1	25	gns5			0	took some of the produce of the land in their hands	“picked some of the produce of the land”
DEU	1	25	et1g	figs-metaphor		0	brought us word and said	The speaker speaks as if a “word” were a physical object that someone could bring. Alternate translation: “told us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	1	25	ks9s			0	said, ‘It is a good land that Yahweh our God is giving to us.’	The direct quotation can be translated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “said that the land that Yahweh our God was giving to us was good”
DEU	1	26	t13i			0	General Information:	Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did.
DEU	1	26	k4x9	figs-explicit		0	Yet you refused to attack	God commanded the Israelites to attack and destroy the Amorites, but the Israelites were afraid and refused to fight them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	1	27	am5b	figs-metonymy		0	into the hand of the Amorites	Here “into the hand” means to give the Amorites power over them. Alternate translation: “into the power of the Amorites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	1	28	dm6t	figs-rquestion		0	Where can we go now?	Here this question emphasizes how afraid they were. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “We have nowhere to go.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
DEU	1	28	x4y4	figs-idiom		0	made our heart to melt	This means that they became afraid. Alternate translation: “made us very afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	1	28	vs1i	figs-hyperbole		0	are fortified up to the heavens	This is an exaggeration that emphasizes how frightened the people were because the cities were so large and strong. Alternate translation: “have walls so high it is like they reach up to the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
DEU	1	28	fl92	figs-explicit		0	sons of the Anakim	These are descendants of the Anak people who were very large and fierce. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	1	29	d7v6			0	General Information:	Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did.
DEU	1	29	ukp2			0	I said to you	“I said to your ancestors”
DEU	1	30	wdr7	figs-synecdoche		0	before your eyes	Here the people are represented by their “eyes” to emphasize what they saw. Alternate translation: “which you yourselves saw” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	1	31	t94m	figs-you		0	you have seen…Yahweh your God carried you…you went…you came	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	1	31	bmh3	figs-simile		0	Yahweh your God carried you, as a man carries his son	Here Yahweh’s care for his people is compared to that of a father. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God has taken care of you, like a father takes care of his son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
DEU	1	31	ivd6			0	until you came to this place	“until you came to this land that God promised to give you”
DEU	1	32	hy2f			0	General Information:	Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did.
DEU	1	33	t7vc			0	make camp	“put up your tents”
DEU	1	34	p8tw			0	General Information:	Moses continues to remind the people of Israel what Yahweh said to them.
DEU	1	34	a5i6			0	heard the sound of your words	“heard what you were saying”
DEU	1	34	gv71			0	he swore and said	God made a vow not to allow those who rebelled against him to enter the land he promised to give them.
DEU	1	35	l5ps			0	will see	“will enter”
DEU	1	36	xn3b			0	save Caleb	“except Caleb”
DEU	1	36	ai2l	translate-names		0	Jephunneh	This is the name of Caleb’s father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	1	36	ix6z	figs-pronouns		0	he has wholly followed Yahweh	Yahweh speaks as if he were someone else. Alternate translation: “he has completely obeyed me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
DEU	1	37	z3bs			0	General Information:	Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did.
DEU	1	37	j94d	figs-explicit		0	Yahweh was angry with me because of you	This refers to when Moses disobeyed what Yahweh told him to do because Moses was angry with the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	1	38	du4b	translate-names		0	Nun	This is the name of Joshua’s father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	1	38	ze5m	figs-explicit		0	who stands before you	Why Joshua stands before Moses can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “who stands before you as your servant” or “who helps you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	1	39	gn7q			0	General Information:	Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did.
DEU	1	40	mrt9			0	turn and take your journey	“turn around and go back on the road you have come on”
DEU	1	41	wwe3			0	General Information:	Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did.
DEU	1	41	eg59			0	sinned against Yahweh	“we have rebelled against Yahweh by disobeying him”
DEU	1	41	zg19			0	we will follow	“we will obey”
DEU	1	41	l3as	figs-metonymy		0	to attack the hill country	Here the metonym “hill country” represents the people that live there. Alternate translation: “to attack the people who live in the hill country” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	1	42	vgw8	figs-activepassive		0	for I will not be with you, and you will be defeated by your enemies	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “your enemies will defeat you because I will not be with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	1	43	q8fb			0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
DEU	1	43	t5l6	figs-metonymy		0	attacked the hill country	The metonym “hill country” stands for the people who live there. Alternate translation: “attacked the people who live in the hill country” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	1	44	z33p	figs-simile		0	chased you like bees	A “bee” is a small, flying insect that flies in large groups and stings people who threaten them. This means that so many Amorites attacked the Israelite soldiers that they had to leave the battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
DEU	1	44	z2yu	translate-names		0	Seir	This is the name of a piece of land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	1	44	fn6p	translate-names		0	Hormah	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	1	44	xcg6			0	struck you down	“killed many of your soldiers”
DEU	1	45	d7e5			0	General Information:	Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did.
DEU	1	45	yrs7			0	returned and wept	“returned to Kadesh and wept”
DEU	2	intro	ji46			0		# Deuteronomy 02 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Covenant faithfulness<br>Yahweh is faithful to the covenant he made with Abraham. He is also faithful to the promises he made with Esau and Lot. Because of this, Israel was given specific land it was able to conquer in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])
DEU	2	1	ys5a			0	General Information:	Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of Israelites did.
DEU	2	1	b9af			0	Then we turned and took our journey	“Then we turned around and went”
DEU	2	1	yf1v			0	we went around Mount Seir for many days	Possible meanings are (1) the Israelites traveled around the mountain called Seir for a very long time or (2) the Israelites wandered in a region called Mount Seir for a very long time.
DEU	2	1	r626	translate-names		0	Mount Seir	This is a mountainous area south of the Dead Sea. The area is also called “Edom.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:2](../01/02.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	2	1	lng2			0	many days	Some languages translate this as “many nights.”
DEU	2	4	t4vc			0	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
DEU	2	4	trl3			0	of your brothers, the descendants of Esau	“of your relatives, the descendants of Esau”
DEU	2	5	e5j7			0	I have given Mount Seir to Esau as a possession	Yahweh is reminding the Israelites that he has given this territory to the descendants of Esau.
DEU	2	6	rd6v			0	General Information:	Moses continues to instruct Israel in how they are to treat the descendants of Esau.
DEU	2	6	qn8p			0	You will purchase food from them	Yahweh is giving them permission or instruction, not a command, and he is telling them not to steal. “I permit you to purchase food from them” or “If you need food, you are to purchase it from them”
DEU	2	6	pc6f			0	from them	“from Esau’s descendants”
DEU	2	6	ru4x			0	for money	If these words are not needed or make the translation unclear, you may omit them.
DEU	2	7	st5n	figs-you		0	your God has blessed you…your hand…your walking…your God…with you, and you have lacked	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	2	7	ief6	figs-synecdoche		0	you in all the work of your hand	The “work of your hand” refers to all the work they had done. Alternate translation: “all of your work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	2	7	act3	figs-metonymy		0	he has known your walking	Here what happened to the people while they were walking is spoken of as their “walking.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	2	7	u2px	translate-numbers		0	forty years	“40 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU	2	7	l4f1	figs-litotes		0	you have lacked nothing	This is a litotes for “you have had everything you needed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
DEU	2	8	t48a			0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
DEU	2	8	n8fq			0	by our brothers	“by our relatives”
DEU	2	8	ctw5	translate-names		0	Elath…Ezion Geber	These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	2	8	lbh3	figs-idiom		0	we turned	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “we kept going” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	2	9	g8pa	writing-background		0	General Information:	This is the end of a part of Moses’ speech reminding the Israelites of how Yahweh guided them in the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
DEU	2	9	ftp7	figs-metonymy		0	Do not trouble Moab	The word “Moab” represents the people of Moab. Alternate translation: “Do not trouble the people of Moab” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	2	9	cs7l	translate-names		0	Ar	This is the name of a city in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	2	9	sl7s	figs-explicit		0	the descendants of Lot	The people of Israel were related to the descendants of Moab. Moab was the son of Lot. Lot was the nephew of Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	2	10	am7r	writing-background		0	General Information:	The writer begins to give background information about the people of the land. These words are not part of Moses’ speech to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
DEU	2	10	n8xl	writing-background		0	The Emites lived	These words give background information about the Emite people, who had lived in the land before the Moabites. Your language may have a special way to mark background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
DEU	2	10	d4pi	translate-names		0	Emites	This is the name of a people group that were considered giants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	2	10	yv8c			0	Anakim	These are descendants of the Anak people who were very large and fierce. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:28](../01/28.md).
DEU	2	11	zxl2	writing-background		0	General Information:	This continues the background information about the different people groups that had lived in the land. (See: [Deuteronomy 2:10](./10.md) and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]).
DEU	2	11	eds2	translate-names		0	Rephaim	This is the name of a people group that were considered giants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	2	12	j8rr	writing-background		0	General Information:	This continues the background information about the different people groups that had lived in the land. (See: [Deuteronomy 2:10](./10.md) and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]).
DEU	2	12	ye16	translate-names		0	Horites	This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	2	12	v8s2			0	destroyed them from before them	“killed all of them so none of them were left living with them” or “removed them from their presence by killing all of them”
DEU	2	13	tfp1			0	General Information:	Moses continues reminding the Israelites of what had happened to them in the wilderness.
DEU	2	13	ruf4	figs-quotations		0	‘Now rise up…Zered.’ So	“‘Then Yahweh said, “Now rise up…Zered.’ So.” This can be translated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh told us to rise up…Zered. So” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
DEU	2	13	va2q	figs-idiom		0	rise up	begin to do something (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	2	13	mn1h	translate-names		0	the brook Zered	This stream flows into the Dead Sea from the southeast and creates the border between Edom and Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	2	14	h8wz	writing-background		0	Now the days	The word “now” marks a change from the story to background information about how long the people of Israel traveled and about God’s anger towards that generation. If your language has a way of showing that what follows is background information, you should use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
DEU	2	14	s3qf	translate-numbers		0	thirty-eight years	“38 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU	2	14	a2ue	figs-euphemism		0	were gone from the people	This is a polite way of saying “had died.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
DEU	2	15	q5m7	figs-synecdoche		0	the hand of Yahweh was against	Here “the hand of Yahweh” refers to Yahweh’s power. Alternate translation: “Yahweh used his power against” or “Yahweh punished” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	2	16	pv43			0	General Information:	Moses continues reminding the people of Israel of what happened in the past.
DEU	2	18	yrj6	figs-you		0	You are	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	2	18	g7yv	translate-names		0	Ar	This is the name of a city in Moab. See how you translated it in [Deuteronomy 2:9](../02/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	2	19	c269	figs-you		0	do not trouble…will not give you	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the command and the word “you” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	2	19	af4b	figs-explicit		0	to the descendants of Lot	The people of Israel were related to the descendants of Ammon. Ammon was the son of Lot. Lot was the nephew of Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	2	20	s8bn	writing-background		0	General Information:	These verses begin to give background information about the people groups who lived in the land. If your language has a way of showing that what follows is background information, you should use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
DEU	2	20	n15r	figs-activepassive		0	That also is considered	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People also consider that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	2	20	p2rw	translate-names		0	Rephaim	This is the name of a people group. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:11](../02/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	2	21	fpu6	translate-names		0	Anakim	This is the name of a people group. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:28](../01/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	2	21	sq14			0	destroyed them before the Ammonites	“allowed the Ammonites to defeat them” or “allowed the Ammonites to kill them all”
DEU	2	21	xz3g			0	they succeeded them and lived in their place	“the Ammonites took over everything the Rephaim had owned and have lived where the Rephaim had lived”
DEU	2	22	y1ib	translate-names		0	Horites	This is the name of a people group. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:12](../02/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	2	22	yq6w			0	succeeded them and have lived in their place	“took over everything the Horites had owned and have lived where the Horites had lived”
DEU	2	23	i3fg			0	General Information:	The writer finishes describing how God enabled Esau to conquer the land Esau is now inhabiting.
DEU	2	23	c7kb	translate-names		0	Avvites…Caphtorim	These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	2	23	wmz4	translate-names		0	Caphtor	This is the name of a place. It may be another name for the island of Crete located in the Mediterranean Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	2	23	feg9			0	destroyed them	“destroyed the Avvim”
DEU	2	23	un7u			0	settled in their place	“lived where the Avvim had lived”
DEU	2	24	v5lr			0	General Information:	The writer has finished giving background information and is now again telling what Moses said to the Israelites.
DEU	2	24	yyy9			0	Now rise up	Yahweh is telling Moses what the people should do. “Now get up” or “Now go.”
DEU	2	24	b1uk			0	go on your journey	“continue your journey”
DEU	2	24	v45y	translate-names		0	Valley of the Arnon	This is the name of the valley of the Arnon River. It creates the border between Moab and the Amorites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	2	24	j7cy	figs-metonymy		0	I have given into your hand	The metonym “into your hand” means “into your control or power.” Alternate translation: “I have given you the power to defeat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	2	24	g8xa	figs-you		0	your hand…Begin to possess it…fight	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “your” and the commands “begin to possess” and “fight” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	2	24	gvu7	translate-names		0	Sihon	This is the name of a king. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	2	24	q9kc	translate-names		0	Heshbon	This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	2	24	k7py			0	fight with him	“fight against him and his army”
DEU	2	25	il8b	figs-you		0	terror of you…news about you…because of you	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	2	25	jg6p	figs-doublet		0	put the fear and terror	The words “fear” and “terror” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the fear is intense. Alternate translation: “put a terrible fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU	2	25	x3s5	figs-idiom		0	peoples that are under the whole sky	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “peoples in every land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	2	25	fjp4	figs-hendiadys		0	tremble and be in anguish	This is hendiadys and emphasizes that the people will “tremble in anguish.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
DEU	2	26	ajl4			0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
DEU	2	26	d2n3			0	I sent	Here “I” refers to Moses.
DEU	2	26	p6fj	translate-names		0	wilderness of Kedemoth	This is the name of a place near the valley of Arnon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	2	26	t59e	translate-names		0	Sihon…Heshbon	These are the names of a man and a place. See how you translated them in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	2	26	efk3			0	with words of peace	“with my offer of peace” or “with a message from me asking for peace”
DEU	2	27	zr26	figs-litotes		0	I will turn neither to the right hand nor to the left	This phrase emphasizes that they will always go in the same direction. It can be stated in positive form. “I will not change direction” or “I will always stay on the path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
DEU	2	28	mf3s			0	General Information:	This continues Moses’ message to King Sihon.
DEU	2	28	n54c			0	You will sell me food for money, so that I may eat; give me water for money, so that I may drink	Moses tells Sihon that the Israelites will not steal from the Amorites and requests that Sihon and his people sell food and water to the Israelites; he is not giving a command. Alternate translation: “I expect to have to pay for food so I can eat and to pay for water so I can drink”
DEU	2	28	jp21	figs-synecdoche		0	sell me…I may eat…give me…I may drink	Moses is referring to the people of Israel as if they were Moses himself. Alternate translation: “sell to me and my people…we may eat…give us…we may drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	2	28	twx5			0	only let me pass through on my feet	“only let us walk through your land”
DEU	2	29	nj8q	translate-names		0	Ar	This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:9](../02/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	2	30	iv42			0	General Information:	Moses continues to remind the people of what happened in the past.
DEU	2	30	pe7f	translate-names		0	Sihon…Heshbon	These are the names of a man and a place. See how you translated them in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	2	30	n8cg	figs-you		0	your God…your might	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	2	30	fad4	figs-parallelism		0	hardened his mind and made his heart obstinate	Both of these phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh “caused him to become very stubborn.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	2	31	wz3l			0	to deliver up Sihon and his land before you	“to give Sihon and his land over to you”
DEU	2	31	mi9p			0	begin to possess it, in order that you may inherit his land	“take possession of his land, so that you may inherit it”
DEU	2	32	lu82			0	General Information:	Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past.
DEU	2	32	e5dq	translate-names		0	Sihon	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	2	32	k97a	translate-names		0	Jahaz	This is the name of a city in Moab (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	2	34	x76b			0	General Information:	Moses continues reminding the people about what happened in the past.
DEU	2	34	ie9v			0	We took all his cities	“We captured all of King Sihon’s cities”
DEU	2	36	i479	translate-names		0	Aroer	This is the name of a city on the north bank of the Arnon River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	2	36	pd7q	translate-names		0	Valley of the Arnon	“Arnon” is the name of a river. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:24](../02/24.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	2	36	snr1	figs-litotes		0	there was not a city too high for us	This negative statement is used to emphasize their success in battle. This can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “we were able to defeat the people of every city even if the city had high walls around it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
DEU	2	37	v1z7	figs-you		0	you did not go	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so “you” is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	2	37	vt6d	translate-names		0	Jabbok River	This is the name of a river that created the border between Sihon’s land and the land of the Ammonites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	3	intro	z1ea			0		# Deuteronomy 03 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Victories<br>The victories recorded in this chapter occurred on the east side of the Jordan River. This was not part of the Promised Land, which was on the west side of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
DEU	3	1	b1tm			0	General Information:	Moses continues reminding the people of Israel of what happened in the past.
DEU	3	1	z2w7	translate-names		0	Og	This is the name of a king. See how you translated it in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	3	1	v626	translate-names		0	Edrei	This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	3	2	a3g7	translate-names		0	Sihon	This is the name of a king. See how you translated it in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	3	2	dc9j	translate-names		0	Heshbon	This is the name of a city. See how you translated it in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	3	2	hn64	figs-you		0	Yahweh said to me, ‘Do not fear him;…given you…under your control…You will do…as you did…at Heshbon.’	Yahweh is speaking to Moses as if Moses were the Israelites, so the command “do not fear” and all instances of “you” and “your” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	3	2	w3dp			0	fear him…over him…his people and his land	Here the words “him” and “his” refer to Og.
DEU	3	2	w9tj	figs-pastforfuture		0	I have given you victory	Yahweh speaks of what he will do as if he had already done it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
DEU	3	2	pqq3	figs-synecdoche		0	You will do to him as you did to Sihon	The word “him” is a metonym for “his people.” Alternate translation: “You will destroy Og and his people as you did Sihon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	3	3	n4lw	figs-activepassive		0	all his people were put under our control	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh put all of Og’s people under our control” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	3	3	rm5e	figs-litotes		0	not one of his people remained	This is a litotes that is used to emphasize that the Israelites did not let anyone live. Alternate translation: “all of his people were dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
DEU	3	4	nwb3	figs-doublenegatives		0	There was not one of the sixty cities that we did not take	This is a double negative that emphasizes that they took all of the 60 cities. Alternate translation: “We took every one of the sixty cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
DEU	3	4	n378	translate-numbers		0	sixty cities	“60 cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU	3	4	x9q1	translate-names		0	the region of Argob	This is the name of a region within Bashan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	3	5	qup3			0	General Information:	Moses continues reminding the people of Israel of what happened in the past.
DEU	3	5	p7qc			0	These were all cities fortified with	“These were all cities protected by”
DEU	3	5	v9nt			0	besides very many	“in addition to very many” or “not including very many”
DEU	3	6	mm89	translate-names		0	Sihon	This is the name of a king. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	3	6	zx6i	translate-names		0	Heshbon	This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	3	8	w2ct			0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
DEU	3	8	e82d	figs-metonymy		0	out of the hand of the two kings	Here the metonym “out of the hand of” means “from the control of.” Alternate translation: “from the control of the two kings” or “from the two kings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	3	8	kg66			0	Amorites	“Amorite people.” See how you translated the name of this people group in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md).
DEU	3	8	l9c4			0	beyond the Jordan	This refers to the land across the Jordan River, to the east of Israel. Moses was east of the Jordan when he said this. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “east of the Jordan River”
DEU	3	8	c8hd			0	the Valley of the Arnon	See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 2:24](../02/24.md).
DEU	3	8	b5q8	translate-names		0	Mount Hermon	This is the name of a mountain at the northern border of Bashan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	3	9	nk7s	translate-names		0	Mount Hermon…Sirion…Senir	These are all names of the same mountain which is at the northern border of Bashan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	3	10	g7ie			0	Bashan…Edrei…Og	See how you translated these in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md).
DEU	3	10	gk8j			0	of the plain	This is high, flat land between the Arnon River and Mount Gilead.
DEU	3	10	l1kh	translate-names		0	Salekah	This is the name of a city near Edrei. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	3	11	nd7p			0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
DEU	3	11	ju5n	writing-background		0	For of the remnant…the way people measure	This is background information about King Og. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
DEU	3	11	mdg3			0	Rephaim	See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:11](../02/11.md).
DEU	3	11	i4qm			0	Look!	“Pay attention to the important thing I am going to tell you.”
DEU	3	11	ev4b	figs-rquestion		0	Was it not in Rabbah,…live?	The writer uses a question to remind the people of Israel that they could go to Rabbah and see how large Og must have been. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Possible meanings are (1) “It was in Rabbah,…live.” or (2) “It is in Rabbah…live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
DEU	3	11	b98u	translate-bdistance		0	cubits	A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
DEU	3	11	z43d			0	the way people measure	“according to the cubit most people use”
DEU	3	12	ac8k			0	General Information:	Moses continues reminding the people of what happened in the past.
DEU	3	12	s921			0	Aroer	See how you translated the name of this town in [Deuteronomy 2:36](../02/36.md).
DEU	3	12	h352			0	the Valley of the Arnon	See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 2:24](../02/24.md).
DEU	3	13	pt8s			0	the region of Argob	See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 3:4](../03/04.md).
DEU	3	13	xzf3	writing-background		0	The same territory is called the land of Rephaim	The writer begins to present background information about the land that the people of Israel captured. If your language has a way of showing that what follows is background information, you should use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
DEU	3	13	g27b			0	Rephaim	See how you translated the name of this land in [Deuteronomy 2:11](../02/11.md).
DEU	3	14	xv6z			0	General Information:	This continues the background information about the land the people of Israel captured ([Deuteronomy 3:13](../03/13.md)).
DEU	3	14	aa4n	translate-names		0	Jair	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	3	14	uz9u	translate-names		0	the Geshurites and the Maakathites	These are people groups who lived west of Bashan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	3	14	g7g2			0	Havvoth Jair	Translators may make a footnote that says: “The name ‘Havvoth Jair’ means ‘tent villages of Jair’ or ‘realm of Jair.’”
DEU	3	15	hyk9			0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
DEU	3	15	fik9			0	I gave	Here “I” refers to Moses.
DEU	3	15	x1nt	translate-names		0	to Machir	Machir was the son of Manasseh. He had died before Moses gave this land. The name is a metonym for the descendants of the person. Alternate translation: “to the descendants of Machir” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	3	16	ni9h	translate-names		0	Jabbok River	This is the name of a river that created the border between Sihon’s land and the land of the Ammonites. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:37](../02/37.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	3	17	qm24			0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
DEU	3	17	bb2m			0	Another of its borders is also	“The western border of the Reubenite and Gadite territory is”
DEU	3	17	y51g	translate-names		0	Kinnereth	the Sea of Kinnereth, also called “the Sea of Galilee” or “the Lake of Gennesaret” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	3	17	w6xs	translate-names		0	Mount Pisgah	This is the name of a mountain in the northern part of the Abarim mountain range. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	3	18	i7wz			0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
DEU	3	18	i1zt	figs-explicit		0	I commanded you at that time	Moses reminds the tribe of Reuben, the tribe of Gad, and the half tribe of Manasseh that they must help the other Israelites conquer the rest of the land God promised them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	3	18	rt7n			0	will pass over armed before	“will take your weapons and cross the Jordan River ahead of”
DEU	3	18	mq1x			0	your brothers, the people of Israel	“your fellow Israelites”
DEU	3	19	ma9q			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the tribes of Reuben and Gad and half of the tribe of Manasseh.
DEU	3	20	isu7	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh gives rest to your brothers	The writer speaks as if the ability to rest were a physical object that could be given as a gift. The word “rest” is also a metaphor for peaceful life in which there is no war. Alternate translation: “Yahweh allows your brothers to rest” or “Yahweh allows your brothers to stop fighting wars and live peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	3	20	ac2j			0	beyond the Jordan	This refers to the land across the Jordan River, to the east of Israel. Moses was east of the Jordan when he said this. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “east of the Jordan River”
DEU	3	20	s3hn			0	then will you return	Moses is emphasizing that the other tribes must possess their land before Yahweh will permit these three tribes to possess their land. “only then are you to return.”
DEU	3	21	s2lk			0	General Information:	Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past.
DEU	3	21	p9pl	figs-synecdoche		0	Your eyes have seen	Here “eyes” refers to Joshua. Alternate translation: “You have seen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	3	23	d3fi			0	General Information:	Moses continues reminding the people about what happened in the past.
DEU	3	23	j4ne			0	I implored	Here “I” refers to Moses. This means he asked God in a very earnest, emotional way.
DEU	3	24	z9tn			0	to show your servant	Here “your servant” is a polite way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: “to show me, your servant”
DEU	3	24	idr1	figs-metonymy		0	your strong hand	Here the metonym “hand” means control or power. Alternate translation: “your power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	3	24	qkn5	figs-rquestion		0	for what god is there…acts?	Moses uses a question to emphasize that Yahweh is the only God with the power to do the works he has done. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “for there is no god…acts.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
DEU	3	24	ls1e	figs-merism		0	in heaven or in earth	These two extremes together mean “anywhere.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
DEU	3	25	c8zq			0	beyond the Jordan	“west of the Jordan River.” When Moses spoke these words to Yahweh, he was east of the Jordan River in Moab.
DEU	3	26	xt4j			0	General Information:	Moses continues telling the people of Israel what happened in the past.
DEU	3	26	p3zp	figs-explicit		0	Yahweh was angry with me because of you	This refers to when Moses disobeyed what Yahweh told him to do because Moses was angry with the people of Israel. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:37](../01/37.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	3	27	qm9b			0	Pisgah	See how you translated this is in [Deuteronomy 3:17](../03/17.md).
DEU	3	27	a7ag	figs-idiom		0	lift up your eyes	The words “lift up your eyes” are an idiom that means look. Alternate translation: “look” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	3	28	x7d3			0	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
DEU	3	29	dut2	translate-names		0	Beth Peor	This is the name of a town in Moab near Mount Pisgah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	4	intro	d8g8			0		# Deuteronomy 04 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Law of Moses<br>In order to possess the land, the people needed to obey the law of Moses. This will be the most important thing in the religious life of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>### Moses’ instructions<br>Moses is not allowed to enter into the Promised Land. Since they are getting ready to possess the Promised Land, Moses gives them some last instructions before his death. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical Questions<br>Moses uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these questions is to convince his readers to obey his instructions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
DEU	4	1	m1n5			0	I am about to teach you	Moses is telling the people of Israel what God wants them to do.
DEU	4	1	zdp5			0	to do them	“and obey them”
DEU	4	2	ft3x			0	You will not add to the words…neither will you diminish them	Yahweh does not want his people to create new laws, or to ignore those he has already given them.
DEU	4	3	u7gv			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	4	3	j4ng	figs-synecdoche		0	Your eyes have seen	Here “eyes” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “You saw” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	4	3	bs2a	figs-explicit		0	because of Baal Peor	The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “because of the sins you committed at Baal Peor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	4	3	fpr6			0	Peor	See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 3:29](../03/29.md).
DEU	4	3	yl8h	figs-pronouns		0	Yahweh your God has destroyed them from among you	Moses speaks to the people of Israel as though they were one person, so “your” and “you” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
DEU	4	4	x6hf	figs-metaphor		0	you who clung to Yahweh	The writer speaks as if trusting in Yahweh and obeying him were like physically holding on to a person. Alternate translation: “you who were careful to obey Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	4	5	yhv5			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	4	5	hs9r			0	Look	“Pay attention”
DEU	4	5	bis8			0	that you should do so in the midst of the land	“that you should obey them when you live in the land”
DEU	4	6	zr9k	figs-doublet		0	keep them and do them	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that they are to obey them. Alternate translation: “obey them carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU	4	6	bhy7	figs-abstractnouns		0	this is your wisdom and your understanding in the sight of the peoples	The abstract nouns “wisdom” and “understanding” can be translated as adjective phrases, and the abstract noun “sight” refers to how the peoples judge or decide on the value of something. Alternate translation: “this is what will show the peoples that you are wise and that you understand what is important” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	4	6	sr33	figs-metonymy		0	this great nation is a wise and understanding people	The word “nation” is a metonym for the people of that nation. Alternate translation: “the people of this great nation are wise and understanding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	4	7	thf7			0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
DEU	4	7	m62n	figs-rquestion		0	For what other great nation is there…him?	This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “For there is no other great nation…him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
DEU	4	8	g3lt	figs-rquestion		0	What other great nation is there…today?	This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is no other great nation…today.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
DEU	4	9	wv6p			0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
DEU	4	9	bfw3	figs-pronouns		0	Only pay attention…guard yourself…you do not forget…your eyes…your heart…your life…make them known to your children and your children’s children	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they are one person, so all instances of “you,” “your,” and “yourself,” as well as the commands “pay attention,” “guard,” and “make known” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	4	9	d2dg			0	Only pay attention and carefully guard yourself	“Pay careful attention and be sure to remember these things always”
DEU	4	9	gm1c	figs-parallelism		0	you do not forget…they do not leave your heart	These phrases means the same thing and emphasize that the people of Israel must remember what they have seen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	4	9	hp7e	figs-synecdoche		0	your eyes have seen	Here “eyes” are a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “you have seen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	4	10	tkm7	figs-pronouns		0	you stood before Yahweh your God	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they are one person, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	4	10	ivm8			0	Assemble me the people	“Bring the people together and bring them to me”
DEU	4	11	wy4q			0	General Information:	Moses continues to remind the Israelites of their history.
DEU	4	11	ytq1	figs-idiom		0	with fire to the heart of heaven	This is an idiom. “The heart of” means “the middle of” or “the innermost part of,” and “heaven” here refers to the sky. Alternate translation: “with a fire that went up to the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	4	11	f82u	figs-hendiadys		0	with darkness, cloud, and thick darkness	Here “thick darkness” describes the cloud. Alternate translation: “with a thick, dark cloud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
DEU	4	11	jh6q			0	thick darkness	Another possible meaning is “heavy cloud.”
DEU	4	13	re7g			0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
DEU	4	13	tk8q			0	He declared	“Yahweh declared”
DEU	4	13	yz4x			0	to you	Here “you” refers to the Israelites who were at Mount Horeb.
DEU	4	14	bdx7			0	in the land that you are crossing over to take possession of	“after you have crossed over the Jordan River and taken possession of the land”
DEU	4	15	yqn4			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	4	16	f5bb			0	do not corrupt yourselves	“do not do what is wrong”
DEU	4	18	xe6b			0	creeps on the ground	“crawls on the ground”
DEU	4	19	a5bt	figs-you		0	You shall not lift your eyes…and look…and be drawn…Yahweh your God	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” and the words “lift,” “look,” and “be drawn” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	4	19	mg57	figs-activepassive		0	You shall not…and be drawn away to worship	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Do not…and do not let anyone make you want to worship” or “Do not…and do not allow yourself worship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	4	19	r5pg			0	all the host of the heavens	“everything you can see in the sky.” This is another way of referring to the sun, moon, and stars.
DEU	4	19	mpi9	figs-idiom		0	of which Yahweh your God has given a share all the peoples	This is an idiom. Moses speaks of the stars as if they were small objects like food that Yahweh was dividing and giving out to the people groups. Alternate translation: “that Yahweh your God has put there to help all people groups” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	4	20	uej2	figs-metaphor		0	brought you out of the iron furnace	Moses speaks of Egypt and the hard work the Israelites did there as if it were an oven in which iron is heated and the Israelites were the iron. Alternate translation: “brought you out of the land where people made you do hard work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	4	20	c59d	figs-idiom		0	a people of his own inheritance	This is an idiom that can be translated “people who belong only to him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	4	21	q42n			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	4	21	l8rk	figs-explicit		0	Yahweh was angry with me because of you	This refers to when Moses disobeyed what Yahweh told him to do because Moses was angry with the people of Israel. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:37](../01/37.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	4	21	qnf5	figs-you		0	Yahweh your God is giving to you	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	4	23	gf5v			0	Pay attention to yourselves	“Pay careful attention”
DEU	4	23	q9m3	figs-you		0	Yahweh your God has forbidden you	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one person, so the words “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	4	24	z6c8	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh your God is a devouring fire, a jealous God	Moses compares how Yahweh acts when he is angry to the way a fire destroys things. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God will severely punish and destroy you like a fire does because he does not want you to worship other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	4	24	d51q	figs-you		0	Yahweh your God	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one person, so the word “your” is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	4	25	d5qj			0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
DEU	4	25	sw65			0	you beget…Yahweh your God	The words “you” and “your” are singular here.
DEU	4	25	txa1			0	beget	become the father of, or become the ancestor of
DEU	4	25	r6pb			0	if you corrupt yourselves	“if you do what is wrong.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:16](../04/16.md).
DEU	4	25	v824	figs-idiom		0	do what is evil in the sight of Yahweh your God, to provoke him to anger	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you make Yahweh your God angry by doing what he says is evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	4	26	lbi9	figs-metonymy		0	I call heaven and earth to witness	Possible meanings are (1) Moses is calling on all those who live in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says or (2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
DEU	4	26	tz2p	figs-metaphor		0	you will not prolong your days	Long days are a metaphor for a long life. Alternate translation: “you will not be able to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	4	26	eme2	figs-hyperbole		0	but you will be completely destroyed	As indicated in 4:27, not every Israelite will be killed. Here “completely destroy” is a generalization and emphasizes that many of the Israelites will die. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but Yahweh will destroy many of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	4	27	yy63			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	4	27	swv8	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh will scatter you among the peoples	Moses speaks as if the people were seeds that Yahweh would scatter around a field. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will send you to many different places and force you to live there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	4	27	u1el			0	will lead you away	“will send you” or “will cause your enemies to take you away”
DEU	4	28	eq2t	figs-synecdoche		0	the work of men’s hands, wood and stone	Here “men’s hands” refers the men themselves, and “the work…wood and stone” to the idols that they have created. Alternate translation: “the wood and stone idols that men have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	4	29	t9hj	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel. He speaks as though they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	4	29	nz82			0	But from there	“But when you are in those other nations”
DEU	4	29	m6l6	figs-you		0	you will seek	The word “you” here is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	4	29	fki1			0	when you search after him	“when you really try to find him” or “when you really try to know him”
DEU	4	29	pl1s	figs-metonymy		0	with all your heart and with all your soul	Here “heart” and “soul” are metonyms for a person’s inner being. These two phrases are used together to mean “completely” or “earnestly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU	4	30	bu4p			0	will have come on	“have happened to”
DEU	4	30	p1sc			0	in those later days	“afterwards” or “then”
DEU	4	30	xhr4	figs-idiom		0	listen to his voice	Here “listen” is an idiom that means to hear and obey. Also, “his voice” refers to Yahweh and emphasizes what he says. Alternate translation: “obey what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	4	32	yss9	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and the command “ask now” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	4	33	gv8c	figs-rquestion		0	Did ever a people hear the voice of God speaking out of the midst of the fire, as you have heard, and live?	Here the people of Israel are reminded of how Yahweh has spoken to them in an amazing way in the past. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “No other people besides you has heard God speak from the middle of the fire and lived.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
DEU	4	33	uge5	figs-synecdoche		0	hear the voice of God speaking	Here God is represented by his voice. Alternate translation: “hear God’s voice as he spoke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	4	34	i1ev			0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
DEU	4	34	uct8	figs-metaphor		0	by a mighty hand, and by an outstretched arm	Here “a mighty hand” and “an outstretched arm” are metaphors for Yahweh’s power. Alternate translation: “by showing his mighty power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	4	34	r398	figs-synecdoche		0	before your eyes	Here “eyes” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “in front of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	4	35	yl1z	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	4	35	nu4a	figs-activepassive		0	To you these things were shown	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh showed you these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	4	36	r411			0	he made you to hear…made you see	“he made sure you heard…made sure you saw”
DEU	4	36	pii8	figs-metonymy		0	made you…you heard	Moses speaks as if the people to whom he was speaking were the people he had spoken to at Mount Sinai many years earlier. The people at Mount Sinai were actually the fathers of the people to whom he was speaking these words. Alternate translation: “made your fathers…your fathers heard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	4	37	ss1r	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	4	37	p6x2			0	your fathers	This refers to Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Jacob’s sons.
DEU	4	37	yey2			0	with his presence, with his great power	“with the great power that comes from his presence” or “with his great power”
DEU	4	39	esi7	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	4	39	ufg5	figs-idiom		0	lay it on your heart	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “remember it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	4	39	f524	figs-merism		0	in heaven above and on the earth beneath	The two phrases “in heaven” and “on the earth” show two extremes and mean “everywhere.” Alternate translation: “over everything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
DEU	4	40	c3aw	figs-metaphor		0	prolong your days	Long days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “be able to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	4	41	bt78			0	General Information:	Moses’s speech, which began in [Deuteronomy 1:6](../01/06.md), has finished, and the writer continues the narrative that ended in [Deuteronomy 1:5](../01/05.md).
DEU	4	43	csf7	translate-names		0	Bezer…Ramoth…Golan	These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	4	44	j6tj			0	This is the law	This refers to the laws Moses will give in the following chapters.
DEU	4	46	zf9l	translate-names		0	Beth Peor	This is the name of a town in Moab near Mount Pisgah. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 3:29](../03/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	4	46	c8za			0	Sihon…Amorites…Heshbon	“King Sihon…Amorite people…town of Heshbon.” See how you translated these names in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md).
DEU	4	47	ya36			0	his land	King Sihon’s land
DEU	4	47	h15l			0	beyond the Jordan toward the east	This refers to the land across the Jordan River, to the east of Israel. Moses was east of the Jordan when he said this. Alternate translation: “from the side of the Jordan River toward the east”
DEU	4	48	kwj2			0	Aroer	This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:36](../02/36.md).
DEU	4	48	n3ct			0	the Valley of the Arnon	This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 2:24](../02/24.md).
DEU	4	48	vyn6			0	Mount Siyon…Mount Hermon	These are different names for the same mountain. The word “Sion” is another spelling of “Sirion” ([Deuteronomy 3:9](../03/09.md)). See how you translated “Mount Hermon” in [Deuteronomy 3:8](../03/08.md).
DEU	4	49	axk1			0	eastward beyond the Jordan	This refers to the land across the Jordan River, to the east of Israel. Moses was east of the Jordan when he said this. Alternate translation: “eastward from the side of the Jordan River”
DEU	4	49	x6zf			0	Sea of the Arabah…Mount Pisgah	See how you translated these names in [Deuteronomy 3:17](../03/17.md).
DEU	5	intro	xsp1			0		# Deuteronomy 05 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each of the commandements in the list of Ten Commandments in 5:7-21 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT uses a separate paragraph for each commandment.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Ten commandments<br>This chapter repeats the material of Exodus 20. It is known as the Ten Commandments.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors and idioms<br>Moses uses metaphors and idioms to instruct the people to follow the law of Moses. This is because it is very important to follow these laws. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	5	1	d5qb			0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
DEU	5	1	vj47	figs-hyperbole		0	called to all Israel	Here “all” is a generalization. Moses wanted everyone in Israel to hear and obey his words, but his voice was probably not so loud that everyone actually heard him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
DEU	5	1	rwb1	figs-synecdoche		0	that I will speak in your ears today	Here “ears” refers to the whole person. This metaphor emphasizes that the people know what Moses has said to them, so they cannot sin and then say they did not know they were sinning. Alternate translation: “that I will speak to you today” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	5	3	hf3s			0	Yahweh did not make this covenant with our ancestors	Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh did not only make a covenant with those who were at Horeb; the covenant was also with the later generations of Israelites or (2) Yahweh did not make this covenant with their distant ancestors, such as, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; instead, this covenant began with the Israelites at Horeb.
DEU	5	4	ijj6			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	5	4	h6t4	figs-idiom		0	face to face	Use your language’s idiom for two people who are close to each other and looking at each other when they are speaking to each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	5	4	n291			0	on the mount	“on the mountain”
DEU	5	5	b7in			0	at that time	Moses is referring to an event that happened about 40 years earlier.
DEU	5	6	fbu5	figs-metonymy		0	out of the house of slavery	Here the metonym “house of slavery” refers to Egypt where the people of Israel had been slaves. Alternate translation: “out of the place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	5	7	f42x	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues reminding the people what Yahweh has commanded them. The phrases “you will” and “you will not” are commands. He speaks to the Israelites as if they were one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	5	7	pa85			0	You will have no other gods before me	“You must not worship any other gods but me”
DEU	5	8	bs7n	figs-explicit		0	that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water below	This can be made more explicit. Alternate translation: “that is in the earth beneath your feet, or that is in the water below the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	5	9	a6ef	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	5	9	sxf4			0	You will not bow down to them or serve them	“You will not worship the carved figures or do as they command”
DEU	5	9	q9rc			0	You will not	“Never”
DEU	5	9	qi9s			0	I…am a jealous God	“I…want you to worship only me”
DEU	5	10	zxf7	figs-abstractnouns		0	showing covenant faithfulness to thousands, to those who love me	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithfully” or “faithful.” Alternate translation: “faithfully loving thousands, those who love me” or “being faithful to the covenant with thousands, with those who love me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
DEU	5	10	gvi1	figs-explicit		0	to thousands, to those who love me	Some translations read “to a thousand generations of those who love me.” The word “thousands” is a metonym for a number too many to count. Alternate translation: “forever, to those who love me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU	5	11	kd28	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	5	11	nj56			0	You will not take the name of Yahweh	“You will not use the name of Yahweh”
DEU	5	11	jap9			0	You will not	See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 5:9](../05/09.md).
DEU	5	11	fv41			0	in vain	“carelessly” or “without proper respect” or “for wrong purposes”
DEU	5	11	in6b	figs-doublenegatives		0	Yahweh will not hold him guiltless	This can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will consider him guilty” or “Yahweh will punish him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
DEU	5	12	vbs1	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	5	12	ybn9			0	to keep it holy	“to dedicate it to God”
DEU	5	13	p3yg			0	do all your work	“do all your usual duties”
DEU	5	14	cx31	translate-ordinal		0	seventh day	“day 7.” Here “seventh” is the ordinal number for seven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
DEU	5	14	kbw8			0	On it you will not do	“On that day never do”
DEU	5	14	c3x8	figs-synecdoche		0	within your gates	Here “gates” is a reference to the city itself. Alternate translation: “within your community” or “inside your city” or “living with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	5	15	x69h	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	5	15	p52p	figs-idiom		0	You will call to mind	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “You must remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	5	15	ls4c	figs-metaphor		0	by a mighty hand and by an outstretched arm	Here “a mighty hand” and “an outstretched arm” are metaphors for Yahweh’s power. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). Alternate translation: “by showing his mighty power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	5	16	g54g	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	5	17	x2en	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	5	17	u97m			0	You will not	See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 5:9](../05/09.md).
DEU	5	18	lke6			0	You will not commit adultery	“You will not sleep with anyone other than your spouse”
DEU	5	20	vp3r			0	You will not give false witness against your neighbor	“You will not tell lies about someone”
DEU	5	21	msw3	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	5	21	sqc4			0	You will not	See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 5:9](../05/09.md).
DEU	5	22	c5s9			0	General Information:	Moses continues to remind the people of Israel what Yahweh said.
DEU	5	23	vkg3			0	General Information:	Moses continues to remind the people of Israel what happened in the past.
DEU	5	23	ar5z	figs-synecdoche		0	heard the voice	The word “voice” is a metonym for the sound of the voice or for the person who was speaking. Alternate translation: “heard the sound of the voice” or “heard Yahweh speaking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	5	25	k97b			0	General Information:	Moses continues to remind the Israelites what the Israelites had said to Moses.
DEU	5	25	zra9	figs-rquestion		0	But why should we die?	They were afraid that they would die if Yahweh spoke to them. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “We are afraid that we will die.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
DEU	5	26	qk3j	figs-rquestion		0	For who besides us is there…have done?	This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “There are no other people besides us…have done.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
DEU	5	26	sdf1	figs-synecdoche		0	all flesh	This represents all people or living things. Alternate translation: “all people” or “all living beings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	5	28	j5bk			0	when you spoke to me	Here “me” refers to Moses.
DEU	5	29	m98l	figs-idiom		0	Oh, that there were	If your language has an idiom that expresses a strong desire for something, you might want to use it here. Alternate translation: “I would be very happy if there were” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	5	31	bn9j			0	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
DEU	5	31	u4lk			0	you will teach them	“you will teach the people of Israel”
DEU	5	32	kyg9			0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
DEU	5	32	weq5			0	You will keep	Moses is giving a command to the people of Israel.
DEU	5	32	w87i	figs-metaphor		0	you will not turn aside to the right hand or to the left	This compares a person disobeying God to a person turning off of the correct path. Alternate translation: “you will not disobey him in any way” or “you will do everything he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	5	33	ype4	figs-metaphor		0	prolong your days	Long days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:40](../04/40.md). Alternate translation: “be able to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	6	intro	q4y8			0		# Deuteronomy 06 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s blessings<br>Yahweh’s continued blessing of the people of Israel is dependent upon the people’s obedience to the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors<br>There are many metaphors in this chapter. These metaphors describe the greatness of the Promised Land the wholehearted worship that is completely dedicated to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
DEU	6	1	it53	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues the speech to the people of Israel he began in [Deuteronomy 5:1](../05/01.md). Beginning in verse 2, he speaks to the people of Israel as if they were one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	6	1	z6zb			0	might keep	“might obey”
DEU	6	1	ymp9			0	going over the Jordan	“going to the other side of the Jordan River”
DEU	6	2	l6ps			0	to keep	“to obey”
DEU	6	2	i3ku	figs-metaphor		0	that your days may be prolonged	Long days are a metaphor for a long life. This can be stated in active form. This can be translated similarly to “prolong your days” in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “that I may prolong your days” or “that I may cause you to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	6	3	jl47	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	6	3	yk4u	figs-explicit		0	listen to them	Here “listen” means to obey, and “them” refers to Yahweh’s commandments. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “listen to Yahweh’s commandments, statutes, and decrees” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	6	3	cau8			0	keep them	“obey them”
DEU	6	3	t77l	figs-idiom		0	a land flowing with milk and honey	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “a land where plenty of milk and honey flow” or “a land that is excellent for cattle and farming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	6	4	cip9	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	6	4	zv4t			0	Yahweh our God is one	“Our God Yahweh is the one and only God”
DEU	6	5	dc6b	figs-metonymy		0	with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your might	Here “heart” and “soul” are metonyms for a person’s inner being. These three phrases are used together to mean “completely” or “earnestly.” See how you translated “with all your heart, with all your soul” in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU	6	6	g3hf	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	6	6	u7kf			0	I am commanding you	Moses is speaking God’s commandments to the people of Israel.
DEU	6	6	a1y8	figs-idiom		0	will be in your heart	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you must always remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	6	7	ye1m			0	you will diligently teach…you will talk	“I command you to diligently teach…I command you to talk.” The reader should understand these as commands.
DEU	6	8	mh97	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	6	8	x5c9	figs-metonymy		0	tie them	This is a metonym for “write these words on parchment, put the parchment in a pouch, and tie the pouch.” This metonym in turn may be a metaphor for “obey these words so that it is as if they were physically there.” Alternate translation: “tie these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	6	8	zn5b			0	as a sign upon your hand	“as something to make you remember my laws”
DEU	6	8	w48b	figs-metonymy		0	they will serve as frontlets	This is a metonym for “write these words on parchment, put the parchment in a pouch, and tie the pouch to your head so it sits.” This metonym in turn may be a metaphor for “obey these words so that it is as if they were physically there.” Alternate translation: “my words will serve as frontlets”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	6	8	ju59			0	frontlets	ornaments a person wears on the forehead
DEU	6	9	ex69			0	You will write	This is a command.
DEU	6	10	gu32	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	6	10	yge8			0	large and very good cities that you did not build	All these cities will belong to the people of Israel when they conquer the people in Canaan.
DEU	6	12	kq91	figs-metonymy		0	out of the house of bondage	Here the metonym “house of bondage” refers to Egypt, the place where the people of Israel had been slaves. Alternate translation: “out of the place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	6	13	i1uw	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	6	13	b8cf			0	You will honor Yahweh your God; him you will worship, and you will swear by his name	“It is Yahweh your God and no one else whom you will honor; it is he alone whom you will worship, and it is by his name and only his name that you will swear.” Your language may have another way of emphasizing that Yahweh is telling the Israelites not to worship or serve any other god.
DEU	6	13	rn98	figs-metonymy		0	you will swear by his name	To swear by the name of Yahweh means to make Yahweh the basis or the power on which the oath is made. The metonym “his name” refers to Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “you will swear and ask Yahweh to confirm it” or “when you swear you will speak his name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	6	15	syl7			0	in the midst of you	“who lives among you”
DEU	6	15	hb7p	figs-activepassive		0	the anger of Yahweh your God will be kindled against you	Moses compares Yahweh’s anger to someone starting a fire to destroy things. This can be stated in active form. To kindle anger is a metaphor for becoming very angry. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God will kindle his anger” or “Yahweh your God will become very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	6	15	a26k			0	destroy you from	“destroy you so that there is nothing left of you anywhere on”
DEU	6	16	bd27	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	6	16	dj8u			0	You will not test Yahweh	Here “test” means to challenge Yahweh and force him to prove himself.
DEU	6	16	qk5b	translate-names		0	Massah	This is the name of a place in the desert. The translator may add a footnote that says: “The name ‘Massah’ means ‘testing.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	6	18	yri1	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	6	18	zh1i	figs-idiom		0	You will do what is right and good in the sight of Yahweh	This idiom is a command and a blessing. If the Israelites obey Yahweh, they will receive blessings from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Do what Yahweh says is right and good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	6	20	h9eh	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	6	20	vrj8	figs-metonymy		0	What are the covenant decrees…commanded you	In this question the “covenant decrees” represent their meaning and purpose. Alternate translation: “What do the covenant decrees…commanded mean to you” or “Why should you obey the covenant decrees…commanded you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	6	20	m992			0	your son	This refers to the children of the adult people of Israel to whom Moses was speaking Yahweh’s words.
DEU	6	21	c19m	figs-metaphor		0	with a mighty hand	Here “a mighty hand” refers to Yahweh’s power. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). Alternate translation: “with his mighty power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	6	22	c7l2	figs-metonymy		0	on all his house	Here the metonym “his house” refers to the people of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “on all of his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	6	22	k3se	figs-synecdoche		0	before our eyes	Here the word “eyes” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “where we could see them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	6	23	atp7	figs-explicit		0	might bring us in	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “might bring us into Canaan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	6	24	nhg8	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. He tells them what they should tell their children about Yahweh’s commandments. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	6	24	ye68			0	keep	obey at all times and for a long time
DEU	6	25	p4b1			0	before Yahweh	“in the presence of Yahweh” or “where Yahweh can see us”
DEU	6	25	bva9	figs-metonymy		0	this will be our righteousness	The word “this” refers to keeping Yahweh’s commands. This is a metonym for Yahweh considering them righteous. Alternate translation: “he will consider us righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	7	intro	y1wn			0		# Deuteronomy 07 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “You must completely destroy them”<br>The people of Canaan were to be punished by Yahweh. Yahweh used Israel to punish these nations. If they were not completely destroyed, they would lead Israel into sin. Therefore, they were to be completely destroyed and be shown no mercy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]])<br><br>### Abrahamic Covenant<br>This chapter references parts of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham. It also emphasizes Yahweh’s faithfulness to this covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])
DEU	7	1	zv16	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	7	2	wdj3	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	7	2	h8dz	figs-metaphor		0	gives them over to you	Moses speaks of victory as if it were a physical object one person could give to another. Alternate translation: “enables you to defeat them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	7	2	s8nt			0	you defeat them	Here “them” refers to the seven nations from [Deuteronomy 7:1](../07/01.md).
DEU	7	4	y5rt	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	7	4	rsx4			0	For they will	“If you allow your children to marry the people from the other nations, the people from the other nations will”
DEU	7	4	x5dn	figs-metaphor		0	So the anger of Yahweh will be kindled against you	Moses compares Yahweh’s anger to someone starting a fire. This emphasizes Yahweh’s power to destroy what makes him angry. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will kindle his anger against you” or “Then Yahweh will become very angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	7	4	nm8d	figs-you		0	against you	The word “you” refers to all the Israelites and so is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	7	5	m2rl	figs-you		0	you will deal…You will break…dash…cut…burn	Moses is speaking to all the Israelites here, so these words are all plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	7	6	bdz4	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses tells the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	7	6	d86k	figs-metaphor		0	you are a nation that is set apart	Yahweh choosing the people of Israel to belong to him in a special way is spoken of as if Yahweh set them apart from all other nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	7	6	uqx6	figs-idiom		0	that are on the face of the earth	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “that live on the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	7	7	y5fb	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words. All instances of “you” and “your” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	7	7	s7u3	figs-idiom		0	did not set his love upon you	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “did not love you more than he loved others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	7	8	j4hq	figs-metaphor		0	with a mighty hand	Here “a mighty hand” refers to Yahweh’s power. These words also appear in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). Alternate translation: “with his mighty power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	7	8	xtl5	figs-metaphor		0	redeemed you out of the house of bondage	Moses speaks of Yahweh rescuing the people of Israel from being slaves as if Yahweh had paid money to a slave owner. Alternate translation: “rescued you from being slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	7	8	wdf1			0	house of bondage	Here the metonym “house of bondage” refers to Egypt, the place where the people of Israel had been slaves. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 6:12](../06/12.md). Alternate translation: “out of the place where you were slaves”
DEU	7	8	u9xe	figs-metonymy		0	hand of Pharaoh	Here “hand” means “the control of.” Alternate translation: “control of Pharaoh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	7	9	wd9i	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	7	9	ky8b	translate-numbers		0	for a thousand generations	“for 1,000 generations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU	7	10	g32i	figs-idiom		0	repays those who hate him to their face	This idiom means “repays them quickly and openly so that they know God has punished them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	7	10	xk2p	figs-litotes		0	he will not be lenient on whoever hates him	The words “not be lenient” are an understatement to emphasize that Yahweh will severely punish. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will severely punish everyone who hates him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
DEU	7	12	v1lv	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words. He speaks as if the Israelites are one person in verse 12 and to all of them as a group in verse 13. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	7	13	ghv3			0	multiply you	“increase the number of your people”
DEU	7	13	nmj6	figs-idiom		0	the fruit of your body	This is an idiom for “your children.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	7	13	rl5m	figs-idiom		0	the fruit of your ground	This is an idiom for “your crops.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	7	13	p14j			0	the multiplication of your cattle	“your cattle so they will become many”
DEU	7	14	f2th	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	7	14	fiu4	figs-activepassive		0	You will be blessed more than all other peoples	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will bless you more than I bless any other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	7	14	e33a	figs-litotes		0	there will not be a childless male or a barren female among you or among your cattle	Moses uses a negative statement to emphasize that they all will be able to have children. This may be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “All of you will be able to have children and your cattle will be able to reproduce” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
DEU	7	14	xr4e	figs-you		0	among you…your cattle	The words “you” and “your” are plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	7	15	qmw7			0	take away from you all sickness	“make sure that you do not become ill” or “keep you completely healthy”
DEU	7	15	x26j	figs-metaphor		0	none of the evil diseases…will he put on you, but he will put them on all those who hate you	Moses speaks as if disease were a heavy object that Yahweh would put on top of people. Alternate translation: “he will not make you sick with any of the evil diseases…but he will make your enemies sick with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	7	16	x9kc	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	7	16	xbj2			0	You will consume all the peoples	“I command you to completely destroy all the people groups”
DEU	7	16	aia1	figs-metonymy		0	your eye will not pity them	This is a command. Moses speaks as if what the eye sees were the eye itself. Alternate translation: “do not allow what you see to cause you to pity them” or “do not pity them because you see that what you are doing is hurting them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	7	16	du7u			0	You will not worship	“never worship”
DEU	7	16	yvn8	figs-metaphor		0	that will be a trap for you	If the people worship other gods, they will be like an animal caught in a hunter’s trap, and they will be unable to escape. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	7	17	rl9v	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	7	17	bsr6	figs-idiom		0	If you say in your heart	The people should not be afraid even if they notice that the nations are stronger than they are. Alternate translation: “Even if you say in your heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	7	17	p5tn	figs-idiom		0	say in your heart	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “think” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	7	17	pn9g	figs-rquestion		0	how can I dispossess them?	Moses uses a question to emphasize that the people may feel afraid of the other nations. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not know how I will be able to dispossess them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
DEU	7	17	luy9			0	dispossess them	“take their land away from them”
DEU	7	18	ls4k	figs-idiom		0	do not be afraid	The people should not be afraid even if they notice that the nations are stronger than they are. Alternate translation: “even then do not be afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	7	18	fbw2	figs-idiom		0	you will call to mind	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you must remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	7	19	a3ur	figs-synecdoche		0	that your eyes saw	Here “eyes” represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “that you saw” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	7	19	ph4a	figs-metaphor		0	the mighty hand, and the outstretched arm	Here “a mighty hand” and “an outstretched arm” are metaphors for Yahweh’s power. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). Alternate translation: “and the mighty power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	7	20	xr3w	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	7	20	pwt4			0	Moreover, Yahweh	“And also, Yahweh”
DEU	7	20	sji2			0	send the hornet	Possible meanings are (1) God will send actual flying insects that sting people and cause pain, or (2) God will cause the people to become terrified and want to run away.
DEU	7	20	w9sm	figs-idiom		0	perish from your presence	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “die so you do not see them anymore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	7	21	at6h			0	You will not	“Never”
DEU	7	21	v7bu			0	a great and fearsome God	“a great and awesome God” or “a great God who causes the people to fear”
DEU	7	22	d61j			0	little by little	“slowly”
DEU	7	23	m5in	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	7	23	lkz5	figs-idiom		0	give you victory over	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “enable you to defeat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	7	23	qmm8			0	victory over them	“victory over the armies from the other nations”
DEU	7	23	pa1h			0	he will greatly confuse them	“he will make them so they cannot think clearly”
DEU	7	23	cpi5	figs-activepassive		0	until they are destroyed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “until you have destroyed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	7	24	v25y	figs-idiom		0	you will make their name perish from under heaven	The Israelites will completely destroy all the people from those nations, and in the future no one will remember them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	7	24	q4py			0	stand before you	“stand against you” or “defend themselves against you”
DEU	7	25	tq89	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh’s words. In verse 25 he speaks to the group as a group, so the forms of “you” are plural, but in verse 26 he speaks as if the Israelites are one person, so the forms are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	7	25	y5bl			0	You will burn	This is a command.
DEU	7	25	d8rc			0	do not covet…trapped by it	These words add to the instruction to burn the idols.
DEU	7	25	su6c	figs-metaphor		0	you will become trapped by it	Even taking the gold or silver on the idols could cause the people to start worshiping them. By doing this they would become like an animal caught by a trap. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “it will become a trap to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	7	25	z31g			0	for it is an abomination to Yahweh your God	These words tell why Yahweh wants the people to burn the idols. “do this because Yahweh your God hates it very much”
DEU	7	26	b8dp	figs-doublet		0	You will utterly detest and abhor	The words “detest” and “abhor” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of hatred. Alternate translation: “You will completely hate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU	7	26	xs75	figs-metaphor		0	for it is set apart for destruction	Yahweh cursing something and promising to destroy it is spoken of as if Yahweh were setting the object apart from everything else. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh has set it apart for destruction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	8	intro	w4zj			0		# Deuteronomy 08 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Forgetting<br>This chapter recalls the great things that Yahweh has done for Israel and is about to do for them. This is so they do not forget him and they will continue to worship him. They must remember that Yahweh is the source of their blessings. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])
DEU	8	1	rbf2	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	8	1	zvt4	figs-you		0	You must keep…you may live and multiply, and go in and possess…your fathers	All instances of “you” and “your” and the verbs are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	8	2	t2tj	figs-idiom		0	You will call to mind	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “You must remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	8	2	c56q	translate-numbers		0	forty years	“40 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU	8	2	a9m6			0	he might humble you	“he might show you how weak and sinful you are”
DEU	8	2	l3al			0	to know	“to reveal” or “to show”
DEU	8	2	y8fn	figs-metonymy		0	what was in your heart	The heart is a symbol of a person’s character. Alternate translation: “what kind of people you are” or “how you would behave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	8	3	aiu7	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. He continues to remind them of what they should “call to mind” ([Deuteronomy 8:2](../08/02.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	8	3	upj2			0	He humbled you	“Yahweh showed you how weak and sinful you are.” See how “he might humble you” is translated in [Deuteronomy 8:2](../08/02.md).
DEU	8	3	ygr4			0	fed you with manna	“gave you manna to eat”
DEU	8	3	t9be	figs-synecdoche		0	it is not by bread alone that people live	Here “bread” represents all food. Alternate translation: “food is not the only thing people need so they can live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	8	3	d9as	figs-metonymy		0	it is by everything that proceeds out of the mouth of Yahweh that people live	Here “the mouth of Yahweh” is a metonym for the words that Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “people must obey the commands of Yahweh so they can live” or “people must do what Yahweh tells them to do so they can live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	8	4	b3h6	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	8	4	pr86			0	Your clothing…forty years	This is the last item that they should “call to mind” ([Deuteronomy 8:2](../08/02.md)).
DEU	8	4	d347	translate-numbers		0	forty years	“40 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU	8	5	fty1			0	You will think…God disciplines you	This continues the list of commands that begins in [Deuteronomy 8:1](./01.md).
DEU	8	5	fn6f	figs-metonymy		0	You will think about in your heart	Here the metonym “heart” represents the thoughts and understanding of a person. Alternate translation: “You will understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	8	6	j5yw			0	You will keep…honor him	This continues the list of commands that begins in [Deuteronomy 8:1](./01.md).
DEU	8	7	y2tj	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	8	7	jl8h			0	a land of	“a land with” or “a land that has”
DEU	8	9	gx2v	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	8	9	s4ft	figs-litotes		0	a land in which you will eat bread without lack	This litotes can be translated positively. Alternate translation: “a land where there will be plenty of food for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
DEU	8	9	s966	figs-doublenegatives		0	where you will not go without anything	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “where you will have everything you need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
DEU	8	9	dyk2			0	stones are made of iron	The stones are full of iron ore. Iron is a very hard metal useful for swords and plows.
DEU	8	9	q74l			0	dig copper	“mine copper.” Copper is a soft metal useful for making household utensils.
DEU	8	10	cat4			0	You will eat and be full	“You will have enough food to eat until you are full”
DEU	8	10	ac1j			0	you will bless	“you will praise” or “you will give thanks to”
DEU	8	11	i252	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	8	12	g242			0	Connecting Statement:	This verse describes the first two items of a list of five things that might make the Israelites forget about Yahweh (verse 11): “when you eat and are full” and “when you build good houses.”
DEU	8	12	eyd5			0	when you eat and are full	“when you have enough food to eat”
DEU	8	12	ft1p	figs-metonymy		0	your heart will be lifted up	Here “heart” represents the inner person. To become prideful and no longer obey Yahweh is spoken of as if the person’s heart is lifted up. Alternate translation: “you will become prideful and no longer obey Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	8	13	vg4r			0	Connecting Statement:	This verse describes the last three of the five things that might cause them to forget Yahweh. The first two are “you eat and are full” and “you build good houses and live in them” ([Deuteronomy 8:12](./12.md)). The last three are “when your herds and flocks multiply,” “when your silver and gold increase,” and “all that you have is multiplied.”
DEU	8	13	yd2e	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	8	13	tyu1			0	your herds and flocks	“your herds of cattle and flocks of sheep and goats”
DEU	8	13	hl2t			0	multiply	increase greatly in number
DEU	8	13	ax24	figs-activepassive		0	all that you have is multiplied	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you have many more things” or “you have many more possessions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	8	14	rus3			0	Connecting Statement:	This verse contains the first two of three items Moses warns the people to be careful of ([Deuteronomy 8:11](./11.md)): that “your heart becomes lifted up” and “you forget Yahweh your God.” It then lists the first of four characteristics of Yahweh that they need to remember, that Yahweh “brought you out of the land of Egypt.”
DEU	8	14	en28	figs-metonymy		0	your heart becomes lifted up	Here “heart” represents the inner person. To become prideful and no longer obey Yahweh is spoken of as if the person’s heart is lifted up. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Deuteronomy 8:12](../08/12.md). Alternate translation: “you become prideful and no longer obey Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	8	14	a2g6	figs-distinguish		0	who brought you out	Moses begins to remind the Israelites of what they know about Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
DEU	8	14	k1uk	figs-metaphor		0	out of the house of bondage	This is a metaphor for the time they were slaves in Egypt. Alternate translation: “out from the place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	8	15	p6ka			0	Connecting Statement:	This verse gives the second and third items in the list of characteristics that Moses reminds the Israelites that they must remember about “Yahweh your God” ([Deuteronomy 8:14](./14.md)) the first being that he “brought you out of Egypt” ([Deuteronomy 8:14](./14.md)). the second that he led them “through the…wilderness,” and the third that he “brought…water out of the rock.”
DEU	8	15	x3kw	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	8	15	c4zs	figs-distinguish		0		Moses continues to remind the Israelites of what they know about Yahweh ([Deuteronomy 8:14](../08/14.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
DEU	8	15	da8e			0	who led…who brought	“Yahweh, who led…Yahweh, who brought”
DEU	8	15	nlk7			0	fiery serpents	“poisonous snakes”
DEU	8	15	x91q	figs-personification		0	thirsty ground	This phrase describes the ground as being thirsty just like a person is thirsty when he needs water. Alternate translation: “dry ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
DEU	8	16	uzq3			0	Connecting Statement:	This is the fourth item in the list of characteristics that Moses reminds the Israelites that they must remember about “Yahweh your God” ([Deuteronomy 8:14](./14.md)) the first being that he “brought you out of Egypt” ([Deuteronomy 8:14](./14.md)), the second that he led them “through the…wilderness” ([Deuteronomy 8:15](./15.md)), and the third that he “brought…water out of the rock” ([Deuteronomy 8:15](./15.md)).
DEU	8	16	crk4			0	He fed	Moses continues to remind the Israelites of what they know about Yahweh ([Deuteronomy 8:14](../08/14.md)). “Yahweh fed”
DEU	8	16	q464			0	to do you good	“to help you” or “because it would be good for you”
DEU	8	17	uf8j			0	Connecting Statement:	This is the third item in the list of things that Yahweh warns the Israelites that they might do ([Deuteronomy 8:11](./11.md)), the first being “your heart becomes lifted up” and the second being “you forget Yahweh your God” ([Deuteronomy 8:14](./14.md)).
DEU	8	17	sd9i	figs-metonymy		0	but you may say in your heart	This is the third thing the people might do when their hearts “become lifted up” and they “forget Yahweh” ([Deuteronomy 8:14](../08/14.md)). Here “heart” is a metonym for a person’s innermost thoughts. Alternate translation: “but you may think to yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	8	17	g2bf	figs-metonymy		0	My power and the might of my hand acquired all this wealth	Here “hand” refers to a man’s power or ability. Alternate translation: “I got this wealth because I am so strong and powerful” or “I have acquired all these things by my own power and ability” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	8	18	ftx1	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	8	18	nl2a	figs-idiom		0	But you will call to mind	This idiom is a command. Alternate translation: “But remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	8	18	g9fc			0	that he may establish	Possible meanings are (1) “in this way he establishes” or (2) “in this way he is faithful to establish.”
DEU	8	18	i5v9			0	that he may	“so he can”
DEU	8	18	axw6			0	establish	cause to stand or to remain
DEU	8	18	in9j			0	as it is today	“as he is doing now” or “as he is establishing his covenant now”
DEU	8	19	sdv6	figs-metaphor		0	walk after other gods	Walking is a metaphor for obeying. Alternate translation: “serve other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	8	19	u2bq	figs-you		0	against you…you will	These instances of “you” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	8	19	rd16			0	I testify against you	“I warn you” or “I tell you in front of witnesses”
DEU	8	19	umv6			0	you will surely perish	“you will certainly die”
DEU	8	20	d86j	figs-you		0	before you…you perish…you would not…your God	All these instances of “you” and “your” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	8	20	a8kh			0	before you	“in front of you”
DEU	8	20	l83x	figs-metonymy		0	would not listen to the voice of Yahweh	Here “the voice of Yahweh” means what Yahweh tells his people to do. Alternate translation: “would not obey Yahweh’s commandments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	9	intro	id6j			0		# Deuteronomy 09 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s victory<br>This chapter assures the Israelites that it is Yahweh who will empower them to conquer the Promised Land. The Israelites will not be strong enough on their own to conquer these other nations. This victory will be Yahweh’s. The people did not earn this victory, but it is Yahweh’s punishment of these sinful nations. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>### Israel’s sin<br>Yahweh is about to punish the Canaanites for their sin. He also reminds Israel of their sin. This serves as a warning to the people of Israel. If they sin again, Yahweh will punish them too.
DEU	9	1	iqh4	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	9	1	wy46	figs-metonymy		0	Hear, Israel	The word “Israel” is a metonym for the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Listen, people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	9	1	n75r			0	to dispossess	“to take the land from”
DEU	9	1	zw1n	figs-hyperbole		0	fortified up to heaven	This is an exaggeration that emphasizes how frightened the people were because the cities were so large and strong. See how you translated similar words in [Deuteronomy 1:28](../01/28.md). Alternate translation: “have walls so high it is like they reach up to the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
DEU	9	2	s1te	figs-explicit		0	sons of the Anakim	Descendants of the Anak people who were very large and fierce. See how you translated similar words in [Deuteronomy 1:28](../01/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	9	2	ar68	figs-rquestion		0	Who can stand before the sons of Anak?	This means that the sons of Anak were powerful and people were afraid of them. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is no one who can defend himself against the sons of Anak.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
DEU	9	3	ax4l	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	9	3	jgy6			0	today	Moses is speaking of the days and weeks beginning on that day, not of the time since the sun had last set.
DEU	9	3	aj58	figs-simile		0	like a devouring fire	Yahweh is powerful and able to destroy the armies of the other nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
DEU	9	3	neu7			0	subdue them before you	“make them weak so you can control them”
DEU	9	4	jp4r	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	9	4	xr9c	figs-metonymy		0	Do not say in your heart	Here “in your heart” means “in your thoughts.” Alternate translation: “Do not think to yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	9	4	hm6e			0	has thrust them out	“has driven the other peoples out”
DEU	9	5	bb7i	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	9	5	r3iq	figs-idiom		0	the uprightness of your heart	This is an idiom. “because you always thought and desired the right things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	9	5	e9iz	figs-metonymy		0	so that he may make come true the word	Here the metonym “the word” refers to what God has promised. Alternate translation: “so that he may fulfill the promise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	9	5	hb36			0	your ancestors, to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob	Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob are the “ancestors” of whom Moses is speaking.
DEU	9	6	hql8	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	9	7	rx7g	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	9	7	jiv9	figs-doublet		0	Remember and do not forget	Moses repeats the same command both positively and negatively to emphasize the importance of remembering. The command is plural. Alternate translation: “Be careful to remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	9	7	ze78	figs-you		0	how you provoked Yahweh	Here “you” refers to the Israelites that are present with Moses and also the Israelites of the previous generation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	9	7	ldb8	figs-you		0	you came to this place, you have been rebellious	These instances of “you” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	9	7	kd2z			0	to this place	This refers to the Jordan River Valley.
DEU	9	8	rwk3	figs-you		0	you provoked…with you to destroy you	These instances of “you” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	9	9	bu4r			0	General Information:	Moses is reminding the people of Israel what happened in the past.
DEU	9	9	icg8	figs-parallelism		0	the tablets of stone, the tablets of the covenant that Yahweh made with you	Here the second phrase clarifies that “the tablets of stone” are the ones on which God wrote the Ten Commandments. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	9	9	z7w7	translate-numbers		0	forty days and forty nights	“40 days and 40 nights” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU	9	10	e2t6	figs-activepassive		0	on them was written everything just like all the words that Yahweh announced to you	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh wrote on them the same words he had said to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	9	10	cq6h			0	Yahweh announced…out of the middle of the fire	It was as if Yahweh were a person standing in the middle of a fire and speaking with a loud voice.
DEU	9	10	v46n	figs-abstractnouns		0	on the day of the assembly	The abstract noun “assembly” can be expressed as the verb “gather together.” Alternate translation: “on the day when you Israelites all came and met together in one place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
DEU	9	11	a75b	translate-numbers		0	forty days and forty nights	“40 days and 40 nights” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU	9	11	cq34	figs-parallelism		0	the two tablets of stone, the tablets of the covenant	The second phrase clarifies that “the two tablets of stone” are the ones on which God wrote the Ten Commandments. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	9	12	n8p5			0	your people…have corrupted themselves	“your people…are doing what is wrong.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:16](../04/16.md).
DEU	9	12	ce69	figs-metaphor		0	They have quickly turned aside out of the path that I commanded them	Moses speaks as if obeying God’s commands were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “They have already disobeyed my commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	9	14	lkr5			0	blot out their name from under heaven	“make their name disappear completely” or “kill them all so no one will ever remember them.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Deuteronomy 7:24](../07/24.md).
DEU	9	15	d8yc			0	General Information:	Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what happened in the past.
DEU	9	16	j8rb			0	behold	The word “behold” here shows that Moses was surprised by what he saw.
DEU	9	16	ux9p	figs-explicit		0	molded for yourselves a calf	The Israelites of the earlier generation had asked Aaron to make a metal calf so they could worship it. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	9	16	bf75			0	You had quickly turned aside out of the path that Yahweh had commanded you	Moses speaks as if obeying God’s commands were walking along a path. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 9:12](../09/12.md). Alternate translation: “You had quickly disobeyed what Yahweh had commanded you”
DEU	9	17	r2ah			0	General Information:	Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past.
DEU	9	17	x4n5	figs-synecdoche		0	I broke them before your eyes	Here “your eyes” is a synecdoche for the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “I broke them right in front of you” or “I broke them where you could see them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	9	18	xf6d			0	lay facedown	“lay with my face on the ground.” This is a way of showing that Yahweh was great and Moses was not.
DEU	9	18	y3wm	translate-numbers		0	forty days and forty nights	“40 days and 40 nights” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU	9	19	li9n			0	General Information:	Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what happened in the past.
DEU	9	19	vv3j			0	I was afraid of the anger and hot displeasure with which Yahweh was angry enough against you to destroy you	The words “anger and hot displeasure” are a metonym for what Yahweh would do because he was angry and displeased. Alternate translation: “Yahweh was angry at you—he was extremely displeased with you—he was angry enough to destroy you, and so I was afraid of what he would do”
DEU	9	21	n7ea			0	General Information:	Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past.
DEU	9	21	wf7q			0	I took…burned…beat…ground…threw	Moses probably commanded other men to do the actual work. Alternate translation: “I had people take…burn…beat…grind…throw”
DEU	9	21	hql7	figs-metonymy		0	your sin, the calf that you had made	Here the gold calf itself referred to as their “sin.” Alternate translation: “the calf, which you sinfully made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	9	22	t271			0	General Information:	Moses continues to remind the people of Israel about what happened in the past.
DEU	9	22	n8jq	translate-names		0	Taberah…Massah…Kibroth Hattaavah	These are names of places that the people of Israel went through while they were in the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	9	23	xz23			0	Go up	They were on low land, and the land Yahweh had told them to take was in the hills, so they had to go uphill to get to it.
DEU	9	23	dxq9	figs-metonymy		0	rebelled against the commandment	The word “commandment” is a metonym for Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “rebelled against Yahweh; you did not obey the commandment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	9	23	bfb9	figs-metonymy		0	listen to his voice	Here “his voice” means what God had said. Alternate translation: “obey what he said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	9	24	r243			0	from the day that I knew you	“from the time I began to lead you.” Some translations read “from the day that he knew you,” the day that Yahweh first knew them.
DEU	9	25	fq4v			0	General Information:	Moses continues reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past.
DEU	9	25	tka1			0	lay facedown before Yahweh	“lay with my face on the ground.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 9:18](../09/18.md).
DEU	9	25	j7rs	translate-numbers		0	forty days and forty nights	“40 days and 40 nights” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU	9	26	ki6v	figs-metaphor		0	you have redeemed	Moses speaks as if Yahweh had rescued the Israelites by paying money to free them from slavery. Alternate translation: “you have rescued” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	9	26	mct6	figs-metonymy		0	through your greatness	The word “greatness” is a metonym for Yahweh’s great power. Alternate translation: “through your great power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	9	26	ifw2	figs-metaphor		0	with a mighty hand	Here “a mighty hand” refers to Yahweh’s power. See how you translated similar words in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). Alternate translation: “with your mighty power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	9	27	liv5			0	General Information:	Moses continues praying to Yahweh so that he may not destroy the people of Israel.
DEU	9	27	hp8s	figs-idiom		0	Call to mind	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	9	28	cc26	figs-metonymy		0	so that the land from where you brought us	The words “the land” are a metonym for the people of Egypt. Alternate translation: “so that the people of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	9	28	pt4p			0	should say	“can say”
DEU	9	29	rw92	figs-doublet		0	by your great strength and by the display of your power	These phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the greatness of Yahweh’s power that he used to rescue his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU	10	intro	ceg6			0		# Deuteronomy 10 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is a continuation of the previous chapter.<br><br>This chapter focuses on retelling the great things Yahweh has done. It is a continuation of the material from the previous chapter. It is possible that this is a type of sermon or homily, where Moses is giving the people instructions.
DEU	10	1	y2d7			0	General Information:	Moses continues to remind the people of Israel about what happened in the past.
DEU	10	1	zf2r			0	At that time	“After I finished praying”
DEU	10	1	sa1t	figs-ellipsis		0	the first	This refers to the first set of tablets that Moses had broken. Alternate translation: “the tablets you had before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
DEU	10	1	lyz6			0	the mountain	This refers to Mount Sinai.
DEU	10	3	v71i			0	General Information:	Moses continues to remind the people of Israel about what happened in the past.
DEU	10	3	wt9n	figs-ellipsis		0	the first	This refers to the first set of tablets that Moses had broken. Alternate translation: “the tablets I had before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
DEU	10	3	u26k			0	went up the mountain	“went up Mount Sinai”
DEU	10	4	gjg7			0	out of the middle of the fire	It was as if Yahweh were a person standing in the middle of a fire and speaking with a loud voice. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 9:10](../09/10.md).
DEU	10	4	ax1a			0	on the day of the assembly	The abstract noun “assembly” can be expressed as the verb “gather together.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 9:10](../09/10.md). Alternate translation: “on the day when you Israelites all came and met together in one place”
DEU	10	5	wr6b			0	General Information:	Moses continues to remind the people of Israel about what happened in the past.
DEU	10	5	n7vn			0	I turned	Here “I” refers to Moses.
DEU	10	5	a3fq			0	came down from the mountain	“came down from Mount Sinai”
DEU	10	5	tia8			0	in the ark	“in the box” or “in the chest”
DEU	10	6	kwb8	writing-background		0	General Information:	The writer continues the short account of where the Israelites had traveled. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
DEU	10	6	f4iw	translate-names		0	Beeroth Bene Jaakan…Moserah	These are names of different places the people of Israel went through while in the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	10	6	qpt1			0	Beeroth Bene Jaakan	Translator may add a footnote: “The name ‘Beeroth Bene Jaakan’ means ‘the wells that belonged to the sons of Jaakan’ or ‘the wells that belonged to the people of Jaakan.’”
DEU	10	6	l2u3	figs-activepassive		0	there he was buried	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “that is where they buried him” or “the Israelites buried him there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	10	6	pv97	translate-names		0	Eleazar	This is the name of Aaron’s son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	10	7	rc19	writing-background		0	From there they journeyed…a land of streams of water	This continues the background information about where the people of Israel traveled. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
DEU	10	7	qs9a	translate-names		0	Gudgodah…Jotbathah	These are names of different places the people of Israel went through while in the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	10	8	pl1x	writing-background		0	General Information:	The writer begins to explain why the tribe of Levi has no inheritance in the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
DEU	10	8	p84p	figs-idiom		0	to stand before Yahweh to serve him	This is an idiom. “to offer the sacrifices that Yahweh requires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	10	8	dqs6	figs-metonymy		0	in his name	Here “name” refers to authority. Alternate translation: “as representatives of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	10	8	br5a			0	as today	“as they are doing today”
DEU	10	9	cy1j	writing-background		0		The writer finishes explaining why the tribe of Levi has no inheritance in the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
DEU	10	9	u8bf	figs-explicit		0	no portion nor inheritance of land	The tribe of Levi did not receive a portion of the promised land when they arrived there. The full meaning of this statement may be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	10	9	v39n			0	Yahweh is his inheritance	Yahweh speaks of the special relationship that Aaron and his descendants will have with him as if Yahweh were something that they will inherit. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is what they will have” or “Yahweh will allow them to serve him and he will provide for them through that service”
DEU	10	9	knv8	figs-you		0	Yahweh your God	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “your” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	10	9	z9a9			0	spoke to him	“spoke to the tribe of Levi”
DEU	10	10	hja2			0	General Information:	Moses resumes reminding the people of Israel about what happened in the past.
DEU	10	10	c3iz	translate-ordinal		0	as at the first time	“first” is the ordinal number for one. Here it refers to the first time Moses went up Mount Sinai to receive the stone tablets from Yahweh. “as I did the first time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
DEU	10	10	kq11	translate-numbers		0	forty days and forty nights	“40 days and 40 nights” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU	10	10	n2kd	figs-you		0	destroy you	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	10	11	ydj2			0	possess the land	“take the land” or “take possession of the land”
DEU	10	11	yxy1			0	their ancestors	This refers to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.
DEU	10	11	sre9			0	to give to them	“that I would give to you, their descendants”
DEU	10	12	wg8e	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	10	12	d3lk	figs-metonymy		0	Now, Israel	Here the metonym “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Now, people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	10	12	x2jw	figs-rquestion		0	what does Yahweh your God require of you, except to fear…with all your soul	Moses uses a question to teach the people of Israel. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God requires you to do no more than this: to fear…with all your soul.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
DEU	10	12	hd9p	figs-metaphor		0	to walk in all his ways	Moses speaks as if obeying Yahweh were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “to obey all his commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	10	12	l6ea	figs-metonymy		0	with all your heart and with all your soul	Here “heart” and “soul” are metonyms for a person’s inner being. These two phrases are used together to mean “completely” or “earnestly.” See how you translated these two phrases in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU	10	13	ct9n	figs-rquestion		0	to keep the commandments…for your own good?	Moses uses a question to teach the people of Israel. This rhetorical question begins with the words “what does Yahweh your God require of you, except to fear…with all your soul” in verse 12. It can be translated as a statement. “Yahweh your God requires you to do no more than this: to fear…with all your soul, to keep the commandments…for your own good.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
DEU	10	14	kf71	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	10	14	m7ma			0	Behold, to	“Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: to”
DEU	10	14	n5n6	figs-merism		0	heaven…earth	These words show two extremes, and are combined to mean that all things everywhere belong to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
DEU	10	14	ifm9			0	the heaven of heavens	This refers to the highest places in the heavens. Everything in the heavens belong to God.
DEU	10	15	swp3	figs-you		0	chose you	Here the word “you” refers to all the Israelites and is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	10	16	g7qt			0	Therefore	“Because of this”
DEU	10	16	f72x	figs-metaphor		0	circumcise the foreskin of your heart	The word “foreskin” refers to the fold of skin on a man’s private parts that is removed during circumcision. Here Moses is referring to a spiritual circumcision. This means the people must remove the sin from their lives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	10	17	d6f4			0	God of gods	“the supreme God” or “the only true God”
DEU	10	17	z3d6			0	Lord of masters	“the supreme Lord” or “the greatest Lord”
DEU	10	17	b61i			0	the fearsome one	“the one who causes people to fear”
DEU	10	18	u19l			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	10	18	rsq9			0	He executes justice for the fatherless	“Yahweh makes sure that people treat the fatherless justly”
DEU	10	18	j7ma			0	fatherless	These are children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them.
DEU	10	18	c95p			0	widow	A true widow is a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her in her old age.
DEU	10	19	wt1s			0	Therefore	“Because of this”
DEU	10	20	ra84	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	10	20	m1qe			0	him will you worship	“he is the one you must worship”
DEU	10	20	zn42	figs-metaphor		0	To him you must cling	To have a good relationship with Yahweh and to completely rely on him is spoken of as if the person were clinging to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “You must rely on him” or “He is the one you must rely on” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	10	20	t17w	figs-metonymy		0	by his name will you swear	To swear by the name of Yahweh means to make Yahweh the basis or the power on which the oath is made. Here “name” represents Yahweh himself. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Deuteronomy 6:13](../06/13.md). Alternate translation: “you will swear and ask Yahweh to confirm it” or “when you swear you will speak his name” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	10	21	d1ih	figs-synecdoche		0	which your eyes have seen	Here “eyes” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “which you yourselves have seen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	10	21	ltw9			0	He is your praise	Possible meanings are (1) “He is the one you must praise” or (2) “It is because you worship him that other peoples will praise you”
DEU	10	22	es8i	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they are one man, so “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	10	22	p41a			0	went down into Egypt	“traveled south to Egypt” or “went to Egypt”
DEU	10	22	ap9n	translate-numbers		0	seventy persons	“70 persons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU	10	22	hh5t	figs-simile		0	as many as the stars of the heavens	This emphasizes the large number of Israelites that were with Moses. Alternate translation: “more than you can count” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
DEU	11	intro	ifg3			0		# Deuteronomy 11 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>### Therefore<br>This chapter begins with the word “therefore,” which looks back to the instructions Moses gave in the previous two chapters.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Eyewitnesses<br>The instruction that Moses gives and the retelling of the great things Yahweh has done for Israel are very important. This is because the generation entering into the Promised Land did not witness many of these events. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])<br><br>### Covenant<br>This chapter is included in the covenant God made with Moses, even though it is not explicitly said. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	11	1	sgh5			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	11	1	e1ef			0	always keep	“always obey”
DEU	11	2	s2x1			0	who have not known nor have they seen	“who have not experienced”
DEU	11	2	vs5p	figs-metaphor		0	his mighty hand, or his outstretched arm	Here “mighty hand” and “outstretched arm” are metaphors for Yahweh’s power. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). Alternate translation: “or his mighty power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	11	3	b9xu			0	in the midst of Egypt	“in Egypt”
DEU	11	3	ss4y	figs-metonymy		0	to all his land	Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “to all his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	11	4	hk2q			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the adult Israelites who were old enough to see what God did in Egypt.
DEU	11	4	put1			0	Neither did they see what he did	“Neither did your children see what Yahweh did”
DEU	11	4	py3h			0	the army of Egypt	“the Egyptian soldiers”
DEU	11	4	f5e5			0	they pursued after you	Here “you” means the Israelites who were alive about 40 years earlier.
DEU	11	5	xr7g			0	to this place	This means the plain of the Jordan River Valley where Moses is speaking to them before they cross over into Canaan.
DEU	11	6	c93d			0	General Information:	Moses continues to remind the adults to teach their children God’s mighty deeds.
DEU	11	6	krb7	figs-explicit		0	Dathan and Abiram, the sons of Eliab	Moses is referring to an event in the past when Dathan and Abiram rebelled against Moses and Aaron. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	11	6	i1yg	translate-names		0	Dathan…Abiram…Eliab	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	11	6	c61u			0	son of Reuben	“descendant of Reuben”
DEU	11	6	b3l3	figs-personification		0	earth opened its mouth and swallowed them up	Yahweh causing the land to split open so that the people fell in is spoken of as if the land had a mouth and the ability to swallow people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
DEU	11	6	gy9p			0	every living thing that followed them	This refers to their servants and animals.
DEU	11	6	vi6h			0	in the middle of all Israel	This means all the people of Israel witnessed what happened to Dathan, Abiram, their families, and their possessions.
DEU	11	7	z5cl	figs-synecdoche		0	But your eyes have seen	Here “eyes” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “But you have seen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	11	8	in5y			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	11	8	b5ga			0	possess the land	“take the land”
DEU	11	8	z7fm			0	where you are going over to possess it	The phrase “are going over” is used because the people of Israel will have to cross the Jordan River to enter into Canaan.
DEU	11	9	h376	figs-metaphor		0	prolong your days	Long days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “be able to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	11	9	gfv3	figs-idiom		0	a land flowing with milk and honey	This is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:3](../06/03.md). Alternate translation: “a land where plenty of milk and honey flow” or “a land that is excellent for cattle and farming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	11	10	nbu8	figs-metonymy		0	watered it with your foot	Possible meanings are (1) “foot” is a metonym that represents the hard work of walking to carry water to the fields. Alternate translation: “worked hard to water it” or (2) they would use their feet to turn a water wheel that supplied water to the fields. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	11	10	kfl7			0	garden of herbs	“vegetable garden” or “garden of vegetables”
DEU	11	11	wn5t	figs-personification		0	drinks water of the rain of the heavens	The land receiving and absorbing a lot of rain is spoken of as if the land were drinking the water. Alternate translation: “the rain from the sky gives it plenty of water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
DEU	11	12	a1x8	figs-metonymy		0	the eyes of Yahweh your God are always upon it	Here “eyes” represents attention and care. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God is always watching over it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	11	12	sxh3	figs-merism		0	from the beginning of the year to the end of the year	Here the two extremes “beginning” and “end” are used together to mean the entire year. Alternate translation: “continuously throughout the entire year” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
DEU	11	13	l1bu			0	It will happen, if	This means that what Yahweh promises will happen if the Israelites obey his commands.
DEU	11	13	r5mf			0	that I command	Here “I” refers to Moses.
DEU	11	13	tfk6	figs-idiom		0	with all your heart and with all your soul	The idiom “with all your heart” means “completely” and “with…soul” means “with all your being.” These two phrases have similar meanings. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). Alternate translation: “with all your being” or “with all your energy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU	11	14	y9qx			0	I will give the rain of your land in its season	“I will cause it to rain on your land in the proper season”
DEU	11	14	b1z3			0	I will give	Here “I” refers to Yahweh. This can be stated in the third person. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will give” or “He will give”
DEU	11	14	w91t			0	the former rain and the latter rain	This refers to rain at the beginning of the sowing season and rain for maturing the crops for harvest. Alternate translation: “the autumn rain and spring rain” or “the rain in the right seasons”
DEU	11	16	vz1g			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	11	16	j2pw			0	Pay attention to yourselves	“Be careful” or “Beware”
DEU	11	16	f3wj	figs-metonymy		0	so that your heart is not deceived	Here “heart” represents a person’s desires or thoughts. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that your desires do not deceive you” or “so that you do not deceive yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	11	16	a9sp	figs-metaphor		0	you turn aside and worship other gods	Rejecting Yahweh and worshiping other gods is spoken of as if the person would physically turn and go in a different direction away from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “you start worshiping other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	11	17	zgj8	figs-metaphor		0	so that the anger of Yahweh is not kindled against you	God becoming angry is spoken of as if it were a fire that were starting. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that Yahweh does not become angry with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	11	17	a2a4	figs-metaphor		0	so that he does not shut up the heavens so that there will be no rain, and the land will not yield its fruit	God causing no rain to fall from the sky is spoken of as if he were closing the sky. Alternate translation: “so that he does not cause the rain to stop falling from the sky so that crops will not grow in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	11	18	q8ih	figs-metaphor		0	lay up these words of mine in your heart and soul	A person always thinking about and considering what Moses commands is spoken of as if the heart and soul were a container and Moses’s words were the content to fill the container. Alternate translation: “be very careful to remember these words that I am saying to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	11	18	h8da			0	these words of mine	“these commands that I have given you”
DEU	11	18	i4pl	figs-metonymy		0	your heart and soul	Here “heart” and “soul” represent a person’s mind or thoughts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	11	18	qb2s	figs-metonymy		0	bind them	“tie these words.” This is a metonym that represents a person writing the words on a parchment, putting the parchment in a pouch, and tying the pouch. This metonymy in turn may be a metaphor meaning the people must be careful to obey Moses’s commands. See how you translated similar phrases in [Deuteronomy 6:8](../06/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	11	18	y3rx			0	as a sign on your hand	“as something to make you remember my laws”
DEU	11	18	gj3r	figs-metonymy		0	let them be as frontlets between your eyes	“let my words be as frontlets between your eyes.” This is a metonym that represents a person writing Moses’ words on parchement, putting the parchement in a pouch, and tying the pouch so it sits between his eyes. This metonymy in turn may be a metaphor that means the person must be careful to obey all of Moses’ commands. See how you translated similar phrases in [Deuteronomy 6:8](../06/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	11	18	d4s2			0	frontlets	ornaments a person wears on the forehead
DEU	11	19	yv8n	figs-merism		0	when you sit in your house, when you walk on the road, when you lie down, and when you get up	Using the different places “in your house” and “on the road,” and the opposites “when you lie down” and “get up,” represent anywhere, anytime. The people of Israel were to discuss God’s commandments and teach them to their children anytime and anywhere. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
DEU	11	20	d44d			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	11	20	f5zw			0	You will write them on the doorposts of your house and on your city gates	See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 6:9](../06/09.md).
DEU	11	21	s3fj	figs-activepassive		0	that your days and the days of your children may be multiplied	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that Yahweh may cause you and your children to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	11	21	pi2p			0	to your ancestors	This refers to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.
DEU	11	21	kg7q	figs-simile		0	to give them for as long as the heavens are above the earth	This compares how long the people could stay in the land to how long the sky will exist above the earth. This is a way of saying “forever.” Alternate translation: “to give them as a possession forever” or “to allow them to live there forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
DEU	11	22	qq4s			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	11	22	q3vs			0	For if you diligently keep all these commandments that I am commanding you, so as to do them	“For if you are careful to do everything that I have commanded you”
DEU	11	22	bh45	figs-metaphor		0	walk in all his ways	How Yahweh wants a person to live and behave is spoken of as if they are Yahweh’s ways or roads. A person obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if he were walking on Yahweh’s ways or roads. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	11	22	e7rk	figs-metaphor		0	to cling to him	To have a good relationship with Yahweh and to completely rely on him is spoken of as if the person were clinging to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “to rely on him” or “to have a good relationship with him” Look at how similar words are translated in [Deuteronomy 10:20](../10/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	11	23	zr2c	figs-metonymy		0	all these nations from before you, and you will dispossess nations	Here “nations” represent the people groups already living in Canaan. Alternate translation: “all of these people groups from before you, and you will take the land from people groups” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	11	23	u315			0	larger and mightier than yourselves	Although Israel’s army is smaller and weaker than the people groups living in Canaan, Yahweh will enable the people of Israel to defeat them.
DEU	11	24	v5q1			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	11	24	x2pi	figs-synecdoche		0	Every place where the sole of your foot will tread	Here “the sole of your foot” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “Every place you go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	11	24	u891			0	from the river, the Euphrates River	“from the Euphrates River”
DEU	11	25	imb9			0	No man will be able to stand before you	The phrase “stand before you” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “No one will be able to stop you” or “No one will be able to oppose you”
DEU	11	25	zn8i	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh your God will lay the fear of you and the terror of you upon all the land that you tread on	Yahweh causing the people to be very afraid is spoken of as if fear and terror were an object that he will place on the people. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God will cause the people in every place you go to be very afraid of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	11	25	r396	figs-doublet		0	the fear of you and the terror of you	The words “fear” and “terror” mean the same thing and emphasize the intensity of fear. Alternate translation: “a terrible fear of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU	11	25	w58w	figs-metonymy		0	upon all the land that you tread on	Here “the land” is a metonym for all the people in the land. Alternate translation: “upon all the people in every place you go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	11	26	l2v1			0	General Information:	Here Moses summarizes the two options the people of Israel could choose. They could choose to obey and receive God’s blessing or they could choose to disobey and receive God’s punishment.
DEU	11	26	tc5k			0	Look	“Pay attention”
DEU	11	26	d2d5	figs-metaphor		0	I set before you today a blessing and a curse	Allowing the people to choose whether they want God to bless them or curse them is spoken of as if a blessing and a curse were objects that Moses is setting in front of them. Alternate translation: “Today you must choose whether God will bless you or curse you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	11	27	lzg6	figs-abstractnouns		0	the blessing, if you obey	The abstract noun “blessing” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “God will bless you if you obey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
DEU	11	28	ei5p	figs-metaphor		0	but turn aside from the way that I command you today, to go after other gods	The commands of Yahweh that Moses is telling the people are spoken of as if they were God’s way or road. To not obey God’s commands is spoken of as if people physically were to turn in another direction away from Yahweh to follow other gods. Alternate translation: “but stop obeying what I command you today, in order to worship other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	11	28	u5cq			0	other gods that you have not known	This refers to the gods that other people groups worship. The Israelites know Yahweh because he has revealed himself to them and they have experienced his power.
DEU	11	29	m6sp			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	11	29	zsz3	figs-metaphor		0	you will set the blessing on Mount Gerizim, and the curse on Mount Ebal	The blessing and the curse are spoken of as if they were objects that someone will set on the mountains. Alternate translation: “some of you must stand on top of Mount Gerazim and proclaim what will cause Yahweh to bless you, and the others must stand on top of Mount Ebal and proclaim what will cause Yahweh to curse you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	11	29	t5wj	translate-names		0	Mount Gerizim…Mount Ebal	These are names of mountains on the west side of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	11	30	k2bv	figs-rquestion		0	Are they not beyond the Jordan…Moreh?	The Israelites are on the eastern side of the Jordan River. Moses uses a question to remind the people where these mountains are located. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “As you know, they are beyond the Jordan…Moreh.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
DEU	11	30	b5qt			0	beyond the Jordan	“on the west side of the Jordan River”
DEU	11	30	pgr7			0	west of the western road	“in the west”
DEU	11	30	rq9c	translate-names		0	over against Gilgal	“near Gilgal” This may not be the same place as the city near Jericho. Moses may be referring to a place that is near Shechem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	11	30	l23v	translate-names		0	oaks of Moreh	These are sacred trees near Gilgal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	11	31	ke82			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	11	32	k55e			0	all the statutes and the decrees	These are the statutes and decrees Moses will give in Deuteronomy 12-26.
DEU	11	32	h7se			0	I set before you today	This does not mean these are new. Moses is reviewing the same statutes and decrees that he gave 40 years earlier.
DEU	11	32	jh1q	figs-metaphor		0	I set before you	God’s statutes and decrees, which Moses is telling the people, are spoken of as if they were objects that Moses is setting before the people. Alternate translation: “I am giving to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	12	intro	mt76			0		# Deuteronomy 12 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Covenant with Moses<br><br>This chapter is a continuation of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. The reasons for these food restrictions are not always known.(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>### Israel and Yahweh<br><br>In the ancient Near East, when nations conquered other nations, they often added the gods of the conquered nation into their collection of gods they worshiped. It was rare to worship only one God. Israel was to be known for worshiping Yahweh and Yahweh alone. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
DEU	12	1	dsl2			0	General Information:	Moses is still talking to the people of Israel.
DEU	12	1	pm4g			0	you will keep	“you must obey”
DEU	12	1	bb6r	figs-idiom		0	all the days that you live on the earth	The phrase “live on the earth” is an idiom that means as long as a person lives. Alternate translation: “for as long as you live” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	12	2	vl2v			0	You will surely destroy	“You must destroy”
DEU	12	2	hx1l	figs-metonymy		0	the nations that you will dispossess	Here “nations” represents the people groups that live in Canaan. Alternate translation: “the people groups whose land you will take” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	12	3	v1nf			0	General Information:	Moses is still talking to the people of Israel.
DEU	12	3	ucw6			0	You must break down their altars	“you must pull apart the altars of those nations” or “you must destroy the altars of those nations”
DEU	12	3	ra63			0	dash in pieces	“break into pieces” or “shatter”
DEU	12	3	cj66	figs-metonymy		0	destroy their name	Here “their name” represents “the memory of them.” Alternate translation: “destroy them so completely that no one will remember them” or “destroy anything that represents these false gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	12	3	axu8			0	that place	This refers to each place where the nations worshiped their gods.
DEU	12	4	c44f			0	You will not worship Yahweh your God like that	“You should not worship Yahweh your God like those nations worshiped their gods”
DEU	12	5	h2cm	figs-metonymy		0	the place that Yahweh your God will choose out of all your tribes to put his name	Here “his name” refers to God himself. Yahweh will choose one location where he will live and people will come to worship him there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	12	5	x9cv			0	it is there that you will go	They will go to worship where God decides.
DEU	12	6	g357	figs-synecdoche		0	the offerings presented by your hand	Here “hand” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “the offerings that you present” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	12	6	cdg4			0	your offerings for vows, your freewill offerings	“your offerings to fulfill a vow, your voluntary offerings.” These are types of offerings.
DEU	12	6	n2pg			0	the firstborn of your herds and flocks	God requires that the people give him every firstborn male of their livestock.
DEU	12	7	tvl1			0	It is there	This refers to the place that Yahweh will choose for the children of Israel to worship.
DEU	12	7	a9rd	figs-synecdoche		0	rejoice about everything that you have put your hand to	Here “put your hand to” represents the whole person and work that he has done. Alternate translation: “rejoice about all the work you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	12	8	jea6			0	You will not do all the things that we are doing here today	“You will not do as we are doing here today.” This means that they would worship in the promised land differently than the way they were worshiping at that moment.
DEU	12	8	qri6	figs-metaphor		0	now everyone is doing whatever is right in his own eyes	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “everyone is doing what he considers to be right” or “now everyone is doing what he judges to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	12	9	b2t6	figs-abstractnouns		0	to the rest	The abstract noun “the rest” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “to the land where you will rest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
DEU	12	9	d8re	figs-metaphor		0	to the inheritance that Yahweh your God is giving you	The land that God is giving to the people of Israel is spoken of as if it were a possession that a father leaves as an inheritance for his children. Alternate translation: “to the land that Yahweh your God is giving to you as a permanent possession” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	12	10	fj6s			0	live in the land	This refers to the land of Canaan.
DEU	12	10	p9tv	figs-metaphor		0	in the land that Yahweh your God is causing you to inherit	God giving the land of Canaan to the people of Israel is spoken of as if he were a father giving an inheritance to his children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	12	10	d8yv			0	he will give you rest from all your enemies round about	“he will give you peace from all your enemies around you”
DEU	12	11	v237	figs-synecdoche		0	the offerings presented by your hand	Here “hand” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “the offerings that you present” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	12	11	qts6			0	all your choice offerings for vows	“all your voluntary offerings to fulfill vows”
DEU	12	12	x3cu			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	12	12	h8ry			0	rejoice before Yahweh	“rejoice in the presence of Yahweh”
DEU	12	12	m7is	figs-synecdoche		0	the Levites who are within your gate	Here “gates” is a reference to the city itself. Alternate translation: “the Levites who live inside your city” or “the Levites living with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	12	12	d42i	figs-metaphor		0	because he has no portion or inheritance among you	The fact that Yahweh would not give any of the land to the Levites is spoken of as if a father were not giving them an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	12	12	b6hq	figs-metonymy		0	he has no portion	Here “he” refers to Levi. Levi represents all of his descendants. Alternate translation: “they have no portion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	12	13	em7g			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	12	13	q449			0	Pay attention to yourself	“Be careful”
DEU	12	13	drj5			0	every place that you see	“any place that pleases you” or “wherever you want”
DEU	12	14	h4by			0	but it is at the place that Yahweh will choose	The burnt offerings are to be made at the tabernacle. Yahweh himself would choose where the tabernacle would be located.
DEU	12	15	kks6	figs-explicit		0	However, you may kill and eat animals within all your gates	The people could only kill animals as sacrifices in the place that Yahweh would choose. They could kill animals for food anywhere they wanted. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	12	15	lje2	figs-synecdoche		0	within all your gates	Here “gates” represents the whole city. Alternate translation: “inside your city” or “at your homes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	12	15	pen3	figs-metaphor		0	the unclean…persons	A person who is not acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	12	15	y3f4	figs-metaphor		0	the clean persons	A person who is acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	12	15	u3a5	translate-unknown		0	the gazelle and the deer	These are wild animals with long thin legs that can run quickly. Alternate translation: “the antelope and the deer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
DEU	12	16	fvd4	figs-explicit		0	But you will not eat the blood	The blood represents life and God did not allow the people to eat the blood along with the meat. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	12	17	x27w			0	General Information:	Moses describes to the people all the special offerings and sacrifices that are to be made at the tabernacle.
DEU	12	17	di9l	figs-synecdoche		0	within your gates	Here “gates” represents the whole city. Alternate translation: “inside your city” or “at your homes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	12	17	aau9	figs-synecdoche		0	nor that of the offering you present with your hand	Here “hand” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “nor that of any offering which you bring to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	12	18	nia1			0	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	12	18	cbh7			0	you will eat them	“you will eat your offerings”
DEU	12	18	eev4			0	before Yahweh	“in the presence of Yahweh
DEU	12	18	u63z	figs-synecdoche		0	the Levite who is within your gates	Here “gate” represents the whole city Alternate translation: “any Levite who lives inside your city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	12	18	icp1	figs-synecdoche		0	everything to which you put your hand	Here “put your hand to” represents the whole person and work that he has done. Alternate translation: “rejoice about all the work you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	12	19	z7fg			0	Pay attention to yourself	“Be careful”
DEU	12	19	tz4c	figs-doublenegatives		0	that you do not forsake	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “that you take good care of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
DEU	12	20	h1vp			0	enlarges your borders	“enlarges your territory” or “gives you even more land”
DEU	12	20	j573	figs-quotesinquotes		0	you say, ‘I will eat flesh,’ because of your desire to eat meat	This is a quotation within a quotation. This direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “and you decide that you want to eat meat” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
DEU	12	20	fee8	figs-synecdoche		0	as your soul desires	Here “soul” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “as you want” or “as you crave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	12	21	t8nl			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	12	21	q6z1	figs-metonymy		0	chooses to put his name	Here “name” refers to God himself. Yahweh would choose a place where he will live and the people will come to worship him. Alternate translation: “chooses to dwell” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	12	21	e7g3	figs-synecdoche		0	within your gates	Here “gates” represents the whole city.” Alternate translation: “inside your city” or “within your community” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	12	21	asm3	figs-synecdoche		0	as your soul desires	Here “soul” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “as you desire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	12	22	kw43	figs-activepassive		0	Like the gazelle and the deer are eaten	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Just like you eat the gazelle and the deer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	12	22	qhx1			0	gazelle and the deer	These are wild animals with long thin legs that can run quickly. See how you translated these in [Deuteronomy 12:15](../12/15.md).
DEU	12	22	sff5	figs-metaphor		0	the unclean…persons	A person who is not acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	12	22	y8v4	figs-metaphor		0	the clean persons	A person who is acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	12	23	msu5	figs-metaphor		0	the blood is the life	Here the way that blood sustains life is spoken of as if the blood were life itself. Alternate translation: “the blood sustains life” or “the blood causes animals and people to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	12	23	vr63	figs-metonymy		0	you will not eat the life with the meat	The word “life” here represents the blood that sustains life. Alternate translation: “You will not eat what sustains life with the meat” or “you will not eat the blood, which sustains life, with the meat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	12	25	l199	figs-metaphor		0	what is right in the eyes of Yahweh	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “what is right in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	12	27	wp19	figs-activepassive		0	the blood of your sacrifices will be poured out	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the priest will pour out the blood of the sacrifice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	12	27	tf6l	figs-explicit		0	you will eat the flesh	God’s law specifies which parts of the animal are for the burnt offering, which parts are for the priest and which parts are for the offerer to eat. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “you will eat some of the meat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	12	28	j39e			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	12	28	gnj3			0	Observe and listen to all these words that I command you	“Carefully listen to and obey everything that I am commanding you”
DEU	12	28	zga7	figs-synecdoche		0	that it may go well with you and with your children after you	Here “children” means all of their descendants. Alternate translation: “that you and your descendants may prosper” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	12	28	y6tl	figs-doublet		0	when you do what is good and right	The words “good” and “right” have similar meanings and emphasize the importance of right behavior. Alternate translation: “when you do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU	12	28	ti37	figs-metaphor		0	what is good and right in the eyes of Yahweh	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “what is good and right in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be good and right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	12	29	csu7	figs-metaphor		0	cuts off the nations	Yahweh destroying the people groups in Canaan is spoken of as if he were cutting them off, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	12	29	fzv1	figs-metonymy		0	the nations	Here “nations” represents the people living in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	12	29	c22b			0	when you go in to dispossess them, and you dispossess them	“when you take everything from them”
DEU	12	30	m6t9			0	pay attention to yourself	“be careful”
DEU	12	30	n455	figs-metaphor		0	that you are not trapped into following them…trapped into investigating their gods, into asking	A person learning about and worshiping other gods is spoken of as if they are caught in a hunter’s trap. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that you do not act like them…that you do try to learn about their gods, asking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	12	30	w8wj	figs-metaphor		0	not trapped into following them	The Israelites worshiping idols as the people groups of Canaan worship idols is spoken of as if the Israelites were following behind the other people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	12	30	j6jf	figs-activepassive		0	after they are destroyed from before you	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “after Yahweh destroys them before you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	12	30	rz9c	figs-quotesinquotes		0	into asking, ‘How do these nations worship their gods? I will do the same.’	This is a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “into asking about how those people groups worship their gods so that you can do the same.” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
DEU	12	32	zxp6			0	Do not add to it or take away from it	They are not to create more laws nor are they to ignore laws that God has given them.
DEU	13	intro	e2ze			0		# Deuteronomy 13 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Worshiping other gods<br><br>The people were required to listen to Yahweh’s prophets unless they were encouraging the people to worship other gods. The punishment for anyone leading the people to worship other gods was death. These instructions were to keep Israel’s worship of Yahweh pure. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/purify]])
DEU	13	1	z8ea			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	13	1	ei8s			0	If there arises among you	“If there appears among you” or “If someone among you claims to be”
DEU	13	1	d2pw			0	a dreamer of dreams	This is someone who receives messages from God through dreams.
DEU	13	1	ml5c	figs-doublet		0	a sign or a wonder	These two words have similar meanings and refer to various miracles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU	13	2	b259			0	comes about	“takes place” or “happens”
DEU	13	2	nj6u	figs-quotations		0	of which he spoke to you and said, ‘Let us go after other gods, that you have not known, and let us worship them,’	This can be translated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “and he tells you to serve and worship other gods which you have not known,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
DEU	13	2	nsf6	figs-metaphor		0	Let us go after other gods	Worshiping other gods is spoken of as if they were going after or following other gods. Alternate translation: “Let us follow other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	13	2	mcy5			0	go after other gods, that you have not known	The phrase “gods, that you have not known” refers to the gods that other people groups worship. The Israelites know Yahweh because he has revealed himself to them and they have experienced his power.
DEU	13	3	z2lg			0	do not listen to the words of that prophet, or to that dreamer of dreams	“do not listen to what that prophet say nor to what the dreamer of dreams says”
DEU	13	3	fp72	figs-metonymy		0	with all your heart and with all your soul	Here “heart” and “soul” are metonyms for a person’s inner being. These two phrases are used together to mean “completely” or “earnestly.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU	13	4	gw9x	figs-metaphor		0	You will walk after Yahweh your God	Obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if the people were walking after or following Yahweh. Alternate translation: “You will obey Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	13	4	s4p9	figs-metonymy		0	obey his voice	Here “voice” represents what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “obey what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	13	4	ugl8	figs-metaphor		0	cling to him	To have a good relationship with Yahweh and to completely rely on him is spoken of as if the person were clinging to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “rely on him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	13	5	d5ix	figs-activepassive		0	will be put to death	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must kill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	13	5	h1yd	figs-abstractnouns		0	he has spoken rebellion	The abstract noun “rebellion” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he has tried to make you rebel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
DEU	13	5	ttf1	figs-metaphor		0	who redeemed you out of the house of bondage	Yahweh rescuing the people of Israel from being slaves in Egypt is spoken of as if Yahweh paid money to redeem his people out of slavery. Alternate translation: “who rescued you out of the place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	13	5	z5ns	figs-metonymy		0	the house of bondage	Here “house of bondage” represents Egypt where the people of Yahweh had been slaves. Alternate translation: “Egypt where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	13	5	tbl6	figs-metaphor		0	draw you out of the way in which Yahweh your God commanded you to walk	How God wants a person to live or behave is spoken of as if it were a way or road on which God wants his people to walk. A person trying to cause someone else to stop obeying God is spoken of as if the person were trying to get the other person to stop walking on God’s way or road. Alternate translation: “make you disobey what Yahweh your God commanded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	13	5	nf2b	figs-nominaladj		0	So put away the evil from among you	Here “the evil” refers to the evil person or the evil behavior. This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “So you must remove from among the people of Israel the person who does this evil thing” or “So you must kill this evil person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
DEU	13	6	g89u			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	13	6	ync7	figs-idiom		0	wife of your bosom	A bosom is a person’s chest. This is a idiom that he holds close to his chest, which means he loves and cherishes her. Alternate translation: “wife you love” or “wife you dearly embrace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	13	6	qme9	figs-metonymy		0	friend who is to you like your own soul	Here “soul” represents the person’s life. This means the person cares for his friend as much as he cares for his own life. Alternate translation: “your dearest friend” or “a friend you love as much as you love yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	13	7	rbz2	figs-quotations		0	any of the gods of the peoples…other end of the earth.’	This is the end of a quotation within a quotation that begins with the words “secretly entices you and says, ‘Let us go and worship…neither you nor your ancestors—” in verse 6. It can be translated as an indirect quotation. “secretly entices you and says that you should go and worship…neither you nor your ancestors—any of the gods of the peoples…other end of the earth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
DEU	13	7	g6lt			0	that are round about you	“that are around you”
DEU	13	7	g5tj	figs-merism		0	from the one end of the earth to the other end of the earth	Here the reference to the two extremes of the earth means “everywhere on earth.” Alternate translation: “throughout the entire earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
DEU	13	8	g9gf			0	You must not give in to him	“Do not agree to what he wants”
DEU	13	8	rg47	figs-synecdoche		0	you must not permit your eye to pity him	Here “your eye” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “you msut not look at him with pity” or “you must not show him mercy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	13	8	k3lz			0	you must not spare him or conceal him	“you must not show him mercy or hide from others what he has done”
DEU	13	9	akr4	figs-synecdoche		0	your hand will be the first on him to put him to death	This means that he was to throw the first stone at the guilty person. The word “hand” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “you must be the first to strike him to kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	13	9	vu5l	figs-synecdoche		0	the hand of all the people	Here “hand” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “the other people will join you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	13	10	nt8a	figs-metaphor		0	he has tried to draw you away from Yahweh	“to turn you away from Yahweh.” A person trying to cause someone else to stop obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if the person were trying to cause someone to physically turn around and leave Yahweh. Alternate translation: “he has tried to make you disobey Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	13	10	cdm1	figs-metonymy		0	out of the house of bondage	Here “house of bondage” represents Egypt where the people of Yahweh had been slaves. Alternate translation: “out from the place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	13	11	ns29	figs-explicit		0	All Israel will hear and fear	It is implied that when the people hear about the person who was executed, they will be afraid to act like he did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	13	12	j637			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	13	13	di92			0	Some wicked fellows have gone out from among you	The phrase “from among you” means that these wicked men were Israelites who lived in their communities.
DEU	13	13	tq34	figs-quotations		0	have drawn away the inhabitants of their city and said, ‘Let us go and worship other gods that you have not known.’	This can be translated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “have persuaded those who live in their city to go and worship other gods that they have not known.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
DEU	13	13	wb69	figs-metaphor		0	have drawn away the inhabitants of their city	A person causing someone else to stop obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if the person has caused the other person to physically turn and leave Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	13	14	mc5u	figs-doublet		0	examine the evidence, make search, and investigate it thoroughly	All of these phrases mean basically the same thing. Moses is emphasizing that they must carefully find out what truly happened at the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU	13	14	jbu3	figs-activepassive		0	that such an abominable thing has been done among you	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that the people of the city have done such a terrible thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	13	15	bq2m	figs-synecdoche		0	with the edge of the sword	Here “edge” represents the whole sword. Alternate translation: “with your swords” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	13	16	nsc2			0	all the spoil	“all the plunder.” This refers to the possessions and treasures that an army collects after winning a battle.
DEU	13	16	cj8w			0	heap of ruins	“pile of ruins”
DEU	13	16	t2u6	figs-activepassive		0	it must never be built again	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one must ever rebuild the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	13	17	qe75	figs-metaphor		0	None of those things set apart for destruction must stick in your hand	Yahweh cursing something and promising to destroy it is spoken of as if Yahweh were setting the object apart from other things. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must not keep any of the things God has commanded you to destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	13	17	brm9	figs-idiom		0	must stick in your hand	This is a way of saying a person keeps something. Alternate translation: “must you keep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	13	17	d934	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh will turn from the fierceness of his anger	Yahweh no longer being angry is spoken of as his anger were an object and Yahweh physically turns away from it. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will stop being angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	13	17	vyv7			0	to your fathers	Here “fathers” means ancestors or forefathers.
DEU	13	18	zgj9	figs-metonymy		0	you are listening to the voice of Yahweh	Here “voice” represents what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “you are obeying what Yahweh says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	13	18	gjk4	figs-metaphor		0	that which is right in the eyes of Yahweh your God	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “that which is right in Yahweh’s judgment” or “that which Yahweh your God considers to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	14	intro	epl7			0		# Deuteronomy 14 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Law of Moses<br>This chapter is part of the law of Moses, which is part of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>### Clean animals<br>There are animals which the law considered to be clean and unclean. The people were not allowed to eat the unclean animals. Scholars are uncertain about the reasons for the animals to be considered to be clean or unclean. The result of these food restrictions was a nation that was different than the nations surrounding it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])
DEU	14	1	yca2			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	14	1	c6vr			0	You are the people	All occurrences of “you” refer to the people of Israel. Moses was included as a part of the people. Alternate translation: “We are the people”
DEU	14	1	qkn4	translate-symaction		0	Do not cut yourselves, nor shave any part of your face for the dead	These were ways the people groups living in Canaan showed that they were grieving over people who had died. Moses is telling the people of Israel not to act like them. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	14	1	mp18			0	nor shave any part of your face	“nor shave the front of your head”
DEU	14	2	qr9z			0	you are a nation…has chosen you	All occurrences of “you” refer to the people of Israel. Moses was included as a part of the people. Alternate translation: “we are a nation…has chosen us”
DEU	14	2	ksd5			0	For you are a nation…surface of the earth	See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 7:6](../07/06.md).
DEU	14	2	l42y	figs-metaphor		0	you are a nation that is set apart to Yahweh your God	Yahweh choosing the people of Israel to belong to him in a special way is spoken of as if Yahweh set them apart from all other nations. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God has set you apart from other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	14	2	z5bl	figs-parallelism		0	Yahweh has chosen you to be a people for his own possession	This means basically the same thing as the first part of the sentence. They both mean that the people of Israel belong to Yahweh in a special way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	14	2	nyn7			0	a people for his own possession	“a people for his treasured possession” or “his people”
DEU	14	2	twf5			0	more than all peoples that are on the surface of the earth	“out of all the people groups in the world”
DEU	14	3	p2a3			0	You must not eat any abominable thing	The people of Israel were not supposed to eat anything that God said was unfit for eating.
DEU	14	5	pui3			0	the deer, the gazelle, the roebuck	These are all types of deer. If your language does not have a word for each animal it can be translated as “all kinds of deer.”
DEU	14	5	gg4e			0	the gazelle	This is wild animal with long thin legs that can run quickly. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 12:15](../12/15.md).
DEU	14	5	jxa4	translate-unknown		0	the roebuck	a type of deer (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
DEU	14	5	nud7			0	ibex, and the antelope	Both of these are types of antelope. If your language does not have a word for each animal it can be translated as “all kinds of antelope.”
DEU	14	5	byk8	translate-unknown		0	ibex	a type of antelope (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
DEU	14	6	tr2g			0	that parts the hoof	“that have split hooves.” This is a hoof that is split into two parts instead of being one whole.
DEU	14	6	wwj1			0	chews the cud	This means the animal brings its food up from its stomach and chews it again.
DEU	14	7	t8p3	translate-unknown		0	rabbit	This is a small animal with long ears that usually lives in holes in the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
DEU	14	7	t6es	translate-unknown		0	rock badger	This is a small animal that lives in rocky places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
DEU	14	7	c17f	figs-metaphor		0	they are unclean to you	Something Yahweh says is unfit for his people to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	14	8	v9dk	figs-metaphor		0	The pig is unclean to you	Something Yahweh says is unfit for his people to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	14	9	xv7h			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	14	9	w8p6			0	Of these things that are in water you may eat	“You may eat these kinds of animals that live in the water”
DEU	14	9	j2pb			0	fins	the thin, flat part which the fish uses to move through the water
DEU	14	9	r9ak			0	scales	the small plates that cover the body of the fish
DEU	14	10	eh5w	figs-metaphor		0	they are unclean to you	Something Yahweh says is unfit for his people to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	14	11	w535	figs-metaphor		0	All clean birds	An animal that God says is fit for his people to eat is spoken of as if the animal were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	14	12	fqa4	translate-unknown		0	eagle…vulture…osprey	These are birds that are either awake at night or feed on small animals and dead animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
DEU	14	13	d7v7	translate-unknown		0	red kite…black kite…falcon	These are birds that are either awake at night or feed on small animals and dead animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
DEU	14	14	n72w	translate-unknown		0	raven	A bird that either is awake at night or feeds on small animals and dead animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
DEU	14	17	z53d	translate-unknown		0	cormorant	A bird that is either awake at night or feeds on small animals and dead animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
DEU	14	18	h1j8	translate-unknown		0	stork…heron, the hoopoe	These are types of birds that eat small animals and lizards. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
DEU	14	18	r1s4			0	the bat	animal with wings and furry body which is awake mainly at night and eats insects and rodents
DEU	14	19	jr8q			0	All winged, swarming things	This means all flying insects that move in large groups.
DEU	14	19	inc1	figs-metaphor		0	are unclean to you	Animals that God says are unfit for his people to eat are spoken of as if the animals are physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	14	19	x6ti	figs-activepassive		0	they must not be eaten	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must not eat them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	14	20	kx6u	figs-metaphor		0	all clean flying things	Animals that God says are fit for his people to eat are spoken of as if the animals are physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	14	21	h6ny			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	14	21	jv9x			0	anything that dies of itself	This means an animal that dies a natural death.
DEU	14	21	z8y9	figs-metaphor		0	For you are a nation that is set apart to Yahweh your God	Yahweh choosing the people of Israel to belong to him in a special way is spoken of as if Yahweh set them apart from all other nations. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh your God has set you apart from other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	14	22	exv5			0	tithe all the yield of your seed	This means they are to give one part out of every ten equal parts from their crops.
DEU	14	22	q611			0	year after year	“every year”
DEU	14	23	n5kz			0	before Yahweh	“in the presence of Yahweh”
DEU	14	24	zu5k			0	carry it	Here “it” refers to the tithe of crops and livestock.
DEU	14	25	gn1x			0	you will convert the offering into money	“you will sell your offering for money”
DEU	14	25	q4rb			0	tie up the money in your hand, and go	“put the money in a bag and take it with you”
DEU	14	26	m22p			0	for whatever you desire	“for whatever you want”
DEU	14	26	qi5i			0	before Yahweh	“in the presence of Yahweh”
DEU	14	27	kt4y	figs-doublenegatives		0	do not forsake him	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “make sure to give some of your tithe to the Levite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
DEU	14	27	wll4	figs-explicit		0	for he has no portion nor inheritance with you	The tribe of Levi did not receive a portion of land as their inheritance. Their share of the inheritance was the honor of serving Yahweh as his priests. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	14	27	lpl1	figs-metaphor		0	no portion nor inheritance with you	God not giving land to the Levites is spoken of as if he were not giving them an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	14	28	v3cb	translate-numbers		0	every three years you will present all the tithe of your produce	Once every 3 years the Israelites were to store their tithes within their own towns so that it would be used to provide for the Levites, orphans, widows and foreigners. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU	14	28	nf4w	figs-synecdoche		0	within your gates	Here “gates” represents the entire city or town. Alternate translation: “inside your city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	14	29	mju1	figs-metaphor		0	because he has no portion nor inheritance with you	God not giving any land to the Levites is spoken of as if he were not giving them an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	14	29	qi4c			0	fatherless	These are children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them.
DEU	14	29	v7bc			0	widow	This is a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her in her old age.
DEU	14	29	zfp5	figs-synecdoche		0	in all the work of your hand that you do	Here “hand” represents the whole person. This refers to the work that someone does. Alternate translation: “in all the work you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	15	intro	n3mh			0		# Deuteronomy 15 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Forgiveness of Debt<br>This chapter gives instructions about the necessity to regularly forgive debt among their fellow countryman. This prevented people from being trapped by their poverty.<br><br>### Justice<br>As Yahweh’s chosen nation, there must be justice in Israel. This chapter gives commands that encouraged justice by protecting the poor, servants and slaves. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
DEU	15	1	s315			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	15	1	my7z	translate-numbers		0	seven years	“7 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU	15	1	ym2l			0	you must cancel debts	“forgive every thing which people still owe you”
DEU	15	2	u4xx			0	This is the manner of the release	“This is how to cancel the debts”
DEU	15	2	wti8			0	creditor	a person who lends money to other people
DEU	15	2	y5dj	figs-doublet		0	his neighbor or his brother	The words “neighbor” and “brother” share similar meanings and emphasize the close relationship that they have with their fellow Israelites. Alternate translation: “his fellow Israelite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU	15	2	l5im	figs-activepassive		0	because Yahweh’s cancellation of debts has been proclaimed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “because Yahweh has required that you cancel debts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	15	3	xv49	figs-idiom		0	your hand must release	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you must not demand it back” or “you must not require repayment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	15	4	cxl8	figs-nominaladj		0	no poor	The nominal adjective “poor” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “no poor people” or “no one who is poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
DEU	15	4	t3us			0	the land that he gives	This refers to the land of Canaan.
DEU	15	4	hsd1	figs-metaphor		0	he gives you as an inheritance to possess	The land that Yahweh is giving to his people is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that Yahweh is giving them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	15	5	x28x	figs-metonymy		0	if only you diligently listen to the voice of Yahweh your God	Here the metonym “voice of Yahweh” refers to what Yahweh himself says. Alternate translation: “if only you are careful to obey what Yahweh your God says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	15	6	f39v	figs-ellipsis		0	you will lend…you will not borrow	The word “money” is understood. You can make the full meaning of this statement clear. Alternate translation: “you will lend money…you will not borrow money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
DEU	15	6	p426	figs-metonymy		0	to many nations…over many nations	Here “nations” represents the people. Alternate translation: “to the people of many nations…over the people of many nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	15	6	p9hi	figs-parallelism		0	you will rule over many nations, but they will not rule over you	Here “rule over” means to be financially superior. This means basically the same thing as the previous part of the sentence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	15	7	e7tf			0	If there is a poor man	Here “man” means a person in general. Alternate translation: “If there is a poor person”
DEU	15	7	yi5v			0	one of your brothers	“one of your fellow Israelites”
DEU	15	7	cw85	figs-synecdoche		0	within any of your gates	Here “gates” represents the entire city or town. Alternate translation: “within any of your towns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	15	7	s1y1	figs-metaphor		0	you must not harden your heart	Being stubborn is spoken of as if the person hardened their heart. Alternate translation: “you must not be stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	15	7	y4ak	figs-metaphor		0	nor shut your hand from your poor brother	A person who refuses to provide for a poor person is spoken of as if he were shutting his hand so that the poor person cannot get anything from him. Alternate translation: “nor refuse to help your fellow Israelite who is poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	15	8	x1h1	figs-metaphor		0	but you must surely open your hand to him	A person who helps a poor person is spoken of as if he were opening his hand to him. Alternate translation: “but you must surely help him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	15	9	s6u9	figs-metonymy		0	not to have a wicked thought in your heart, saying	Here “heart” represents a person’s mind. Alternate translation: “not to think a wicked thought” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	15	9	fc71	figs-explicit		0	The seventh year, the year of release, is near	It is implied that because the year of release will happen soon, the person thinking this will be reluctant to help a poor person since it is likely that the poor person will not have to pay him back. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	15	9	x9aa	translate-ordinal		0	The seventh year	The word “seventh” is the ordinal number for seven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
DEU	15	9	fm5t			0	the year of release	“the year to cancel debts”
DEU	15	9	k5ex	figs-metaphor		0	is near	Something that will happen soon is spoken of as if it were physically near. Alternate translation: “will happen soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	15	9	n5bx			0	so that you will not be stingy in regard to your poor brother and give him nothing	“so that you are not stubborn and refuse to give anything to your fellow Israelite”
DEU	15	9	ia9s			0	cry out to Yahweh	“shout to Yahweh for help”
DEU	15	9	qs88			0	it would be sin for you	“Yahweh will consider what you have done to be sinful”
DEU	15	10	r7sr	figs-synecdoche		0	your heart must not be sorry	Here “heart” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “you should not regret it” or “you should be happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
DEU	15	10	ew7n	figs-synecdoche		0	in all that you put your hand to	Here “put your hand to” represents the whole person and work that he has done. Alternate translation: “in all that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	15	11	yhm6	figs-doublenegatives		0	For the poor will never cease to exist in the land	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “For there will always be poor people in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
DEU	15	11	tq3p	figs-nominaladj		0	For the poor	The nominal adjective “the poor” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “For poor people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
DEU	15	11	vi74	figs-quotesinquotes		0	I command you and say, ‘You must surely open your hand…in your land.’	This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “I command you to open your hand…in your land” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
DEU	15	11	l4vm	figs-metaphor		0	open your hand to your brother, to your needy, and to your poor	A person who is willing to help someone else is spoken of as if his hand were open. Alternate translation: “help your fellow Israelite, those who are needy, and those who are poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	15	11	v4zq	figs-doublet		0	your brother, to your needy, and to your poor	The words “needy” and “poor” mean basically the same thing and emphasize that these are people who cannot help themselves. Alternate translation: “help your fellow Israelites who cannot help themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU	15	12	g1va			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	15	12	s6rs	figs-gendernotations		0	If your brother	Here “brother” means an Israelite in general, whether a male or female. Alternate translation: “If a fellow Israelite” or “If a fellow Hebrew” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
DEU	15	12	s9n7	figs-activepassive		0	is sold to you	If a person could not repay their debts, they sometimes sold themselves into slavery to pay what they owed. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “sell themselves to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	15	12	xs42	translate-numbers		0	six years	“6 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU	15	12	m72h	translate-ordinal		0	seventh year	“year 7.” This “seventh” is the ordinal number for seven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
DEU	15	13	f4yl	figs-metaphor		0	you must not let him go empty-handed	A person who has no possessions to provide for himself or his family is spoken of as if his hands were empty. Alternate translation: “you must not let him leave without having anything to provide for himself and his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	15	14	t5ik			0	liberally provide for him	“generously give to him”
DEU	15	15	hx9p	figs-you		0	remember that you were a slave	Here “you” includes their ancestors that were slaves for many years. Alternate translation: “remember that your people were once slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	15	15	r2nh	figs-metaphor		0	that Yahweh your God redeemed you	Yahweh rescuing the people of Israel from being slaves in Egypt is spoken of as if Yahweh paid money to redeem his people from slavery. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	15	16	dd3q	figs-quotesinquotes		0	if he says to you, ‘I will not go away from you,’	This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “if he says to you that he will not go away from you,” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
DEU	15	16	g927	figs-metonymy		0	your house	Here “house” represents the person’s family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	15	17	dml6			0	then you must take an awl and thrust it through his ear to a door	“then you will place his head near a wooden door frame in your house, and then put the point of the awl through his earlobe into the wood”
DEU	15	17	b9kr	translate-unknown		0	awl	a sharp, pointed tool used to make a hole (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
DEU	15	17	re8m			0	for life	“until the end of his life” or “until he dies”
DEU	15	18	in4n	figs-litotes		0	It must not seem difficult for you to let him go free from you	This means that they are not resent it when they let someone go free. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Be pleased when you let him go free” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
DEU	15	18	s7d6			0	given twice the value of a hired person	This means the owner only had to pay have the amount for this slave to work than he would for a person he hired to do a job.
DEU	15	18	xdz6			0	a hired person	This is a person who works for pay.
DEU	15	19	fl68			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	15	19	f3xu			0	shear	to cut off wool or hair
DEU	15	20	c1pf			0	before Yahweh	“in the presence of Yahweh”
DEU	15	20	w1lv			0	year by year	“each year” or “every year”
DEU	15	21	t6e5			0	lame	crippled or physically disabled
DEU	15	22	qx8i	figs-synecdoche		0	within your gates	Here “gates” represents the city or town. Alternate translation: “within your community” or “inside your city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	15	22	rqw8	figs-metaphor		0	the unclean…persons	A person who is not acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	15	22	b1cn	figs-metaphor		0	the clean persons	A person who is acceptable for God’s purposes is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	15	22	lxt5			0	a gazelle or a deer	These are wild animals with long thin legs that can run quickly. See how you translated these in [Deuteronomy 12:15](../12/15.md).
DEU	15	23	bw7p			0	you must not eat its blood	“you must not consume its blood.” Yahweh did not allow Israelites to consume blood because the blood represented life ([Deuteronomy 12:23](../12/23.md)).
DEU	16	intro	fgs7			0		# Deuteronomy 16 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Festivals<br><br>This chapter retells the specific commands about how to celebrate the Passover. This recalled the Passover in Egypt, which was an important event in the formation of the nation of Israel. There are several other important festivals described in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]])<br><br>### Life in Israel<br><br>As Yahweh’s chosen nation, there must be justice in Israel. Also, Yahweh must be the only God in Israel. He alone is to be worshiped. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
DEU	16	1	v2as			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	16	1	q8mq	translate-hebrewmonths		0	month of Aviv	This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. It marks when God brought the people of Israel out of Egypt. It is during the last part of March and the first part April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	16	1	l33g	figs-explicit		0	keep the Passover	It is implied by “keep the Passover” that they would celebrate and eat the Passover meal. Alternate translation: “celebrate the Passover meal” or “eat the Passover meal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	16	2	f3xc	figs-metonymy		0	You will sacrifice the Passover	Here “Passover” represents the animal that is sacrificed for the Passover celebration. Alternate translation: For the Passover you will offer a sacrifice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	16	3	fgj8			0	with it	Here “it” refers to the animal they will sacrifice and eat.
DEU	16	3	du99	translate-numbers		0	seven days	“7 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU	16	3	m6rj	figs-explicit		0	the bread of affliction	This was the name of the unleavened bread. The full meaning can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “this bread will remind you of how much you suffered while in Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	16	3	df5u	figs-explicit		0	out of the land of Egypt in haste	The people had to leave Egypt so quickly that they did not have enough time to make bread with yeast in it. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “out of the land of Egypt in such hurry you did not have time to make bread with yeast in it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	16	3	zi9r			0	Do this all the days of your life	“Do this as long as you live”
DEU	16	3	k8n3	figs-idiom		0	call to mind	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	16	4	jvu8	figs-activepassive		0	No yeast must be seen among you	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must not have any yeast among you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	16	4	t1u8			0	within all your borders	“inside all your territory” or “in all your land”
DEU	16	4	uc3u	translate-ordinal		0	first day	This “first” is the ordinal number for one. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
DEU	16	5	s93m	figs-metonymy		0	You may not sacrifice the Passover	Here “Passover” represents the animal that will be sacrificed. Alternate translation: “For the Passover you may not sacrifice the animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	16	5	x2av	figs-synecdoche		0	within any of your city gates	Here “gates” represents the cities or towns. Alternate translation: “within any of your towns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	16	6	u7ep			0	at the going down of the sun	“at sunset”
DEU	16	7	f6n3			0	You must roast it	“You must cook it”
DEU	16	8	pjy1	translate-numbers		0	six days	“6 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU	16	8	sj92	translate-ordinal		0	seventh day	“seventh” is the ordinal number for seven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
DEU	16	8	xq7m			0	solemn assembly	“special gathering”
DEU	16	9	mq43			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	16	9	y8w1	translate-numbers		0	count seven weeks	“count 7 weeks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU	16	9	bxy9	figs-idiom		0	from the time you begin to put the sickle to the standing grain	The phrase “put the sickle to the standing grain” is a way of referring to the beginning of harvest time. Alternate translation: “from the time that you begin harvesting the grain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	16	9	w3cl	translate-unknown		0	sickle	a tool with a curved blade used for cutting grass, grain, and vines (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
DEU	16	10	pjc9	figs-synecdoche		0	with the contribution of a freewill offering from your hand that you will give	Here “hand” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “and you will give your free will offering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	16	10	n1v1			0	according as Yahweh your God has blessed you	“according to the harvest which Yahweh your God has given you” This means that the people will base how much they offer on how much they harvested that year.
DEU	16	11	vju9	figs-genericnoun		0	your son, your daughter, your male servant, your female servant, the Levite	These do not refer to a specific person. It means these types of people in general. Alternate translation: “your sons, your daughters, your male servants, your females servants, any Levite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
DEU	16	11	h2jm	figs-synecdoche		0	within your city gates	Here “gates” represents cities or towns. Alternate translation: “within your towns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	16	11	g2r8	figs-genericnoun		0	the foreigner, the fatherless, and the widow	This refers to these types of people in general. Alternate translation: “all foreigners, orphans, and widows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
DEU	16	11	kg4w			0	fatherless	These are children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them.
DEU	16	11	i5b3			0	widow	This means a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her in her old age.
DEU	16	12	ku33	figs-idiom		0	call to mind	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	16	13	fy5u			0	Festival of Shelters	Other names for this festival are “Feast of Tabernacles,” “Festival of Booths,” and “Feast of the Ingathering.” During harvest time, farmers would set up temporary shelters in the field. This festival took place after the last harvest of the year.
DEU	16	13	s5xw	translate-numbers		0	seven days	“7 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU	16	14	uv5f	figs-synecdoche		0	within your gates	Here the word “gates” represents cities or towns. Alternate translation: “within your towns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	16	15	ec92			0	the festival	“the Festival of Shelters”
DEU	16	15	c3hy	figs-synecdoche		0	all the work of your hands	Here “hands” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “all the work you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	16	16	g2xh			0	all your males must appear before Yahweh	Females were allowed, but Yahweh did not require that they come. The men could represent their whole families.
DEU	16	16	cxc2			0	must appear before Yahweh	“must come and stand in the presence of Yahweh”
DEU	16	16	pku8	figs-litotes		0	No one will appear before Yahweh empty-handed	“They will not come before Yahweh without an offering” These two negative phrases together have a positive meaning. Alternate translation: “Every person who comes before Yahweh must bring an offering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
DEU	16	18	g2as			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	16	18	dc3d			0	You must make judges	“You must appoint judges” or “You must choose judges”
DEU	16	18	vxu2	figs-synecdoche		0	within all your city gates	Here “gates” represents a city or town. Alternate translation: “within all your towns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	16	18	we4m	figs-activepassive		0	they will be taken	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will choose them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	16	18	reh9			0	judge the people with righteous judgment	“judge the people fairly”
DEU	16	19	c8iq	figs-metaphor		0	You must not take justice away by force	Moses speaks of justice as if it were a physical object that a strong person can violently pull away from a weak person. This can be stated in positive form. Your language might have one word that means “use force to take away.” Alternate translation: “You must not be unfair when you judge” or “You must make just decisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
DEU	16	19	lqn9	figs-you		0	You must not	Here “You” refers to those who will be appointed as judges and officers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	16	19	f47g	figs-metaphor		0	for a bribe blinds the eyes of the wise and perverts the words of the righteous	Taking a bribe is spoken of as if the bribe were corrupting the people. Alternate translation: “for even a wise man who accepts a bribe will become blind, and even a righteous man who accepts a bribe will tell lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	16	19	mk49	figs-metaphor		0	a bribe blinds the eyes of the wise	A wise person who accepts a bribe so that he does not speak against something evil is spoken of as if he becomes blind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	16	19	pu4g	figs-nominaladj		0	the wise	The nominal adjective “the wise” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “a wise person” or “wise people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
DEU	16	19	m8gc	figs-nominaladj		0	perverts the words of the righteous	The nominal adjective “righteous” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “causes a righteous person to lie” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
DEU	16	20	xm5v	figs-metaphor		0	follow after justice, after justice alone	justice is spoken of as a person who is walking. A person who is doing what is fair and just is spoken of as if he was following close behindjustice. Alternate translation: “do only what is fair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	16	20	b78e	figs-metaphor		0	inherit the land that Yahweh your God is giving you	Receiving the land that God is giving to the people is spoken of as if the people are inheriting the land from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	16	21	ec3t	figs-you		0	You must not	Here “You” refers to all the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	16	22	mw2w	figs-distinguish		0	any sacred stone pillar, which Yahweh your God hates	The phrase “which Yahweh your God hates” is giving more information about the sacred stone pillar. Alternate translation: “any sacred stone pillar because Yahweh your God hates them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
DEU	16	22	s7sn			0	sacred stone pillar	This refers to pillars that are idols used to worship false gods.
DEU	17	intro	a3z4			0		# Deuteronomy 17 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Witnesses<br>In the ancient Near East, it was common for a person to be punished by the testimony of a single person, especially if this was an important person. The rules in this chapter give protection to people, especially the poor by requiring multiple witnesses. This allowed justice to be done. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br><br>### King<br>Israel was not to have a king because Yahweh was their king. Knowing the sinfulness of the people, Yahweh anticipated that one day Israel would have a king. Therefore, this passage gives commands about their king prophetically. They were not allowed to collect chariots because they were a sign of earthly power and the king was to trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	17	1	a78k			0	General Information:	Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	17	1	d6zp			0	in which is any blemish	“that has a blemish” or “that has something wrong with it.” The animal is to appear healthy without any deformity.
DEU	17	1	y292			0	that would be an abomination to Yahweh	“that would be disgusting to Yahweh”
DEU	17	2	ljz8	figs-activepassive		0	If there is found	This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If you find someone” or “If there is anyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	17	2	liy9	figs-synecdoche		0	within any of your city gates	Here “city gates” represents cities or towns. Alternate translation: “living in one of your cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	17	2	f7d1	figs-metonymy		0	what is evil in the sight of Yahweh your God	The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “something that Yahweh your God thinks is evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	17	2	yhj2			0	transgresses his covenant	“disobeys his covenant”
DEU	17	4	pz4e	figs-activepassive		0	if you are told about this	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if someone tells you about this disobedient act” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	17	4	fqc1	figs-abstractnouns		0	you must make a careful investigation	The abstract noun “investigation” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “you must carefully investigate what happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
DEU	17	4	b585	figs-activepassive		0	such an abomination has been done in Israel	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone has done such a horrible thing in Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	17	6	rul7	figs-metonymy		0	At the mouth of two witnesses, or three witnesses, will he who must die be put to death	Here “the mouth” represents the testimony of a witness. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “If two or three witnesses speak against the person, then you must execute him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU	17	6	d4v8	figs-metonymy		0	but at the mouth of only one witness he must not be put to death	Here “the mouth” represents the testimony of a witness. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “but if only one person speaks against him, then you must not execute him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	17	7	zj7l	figs-synecdoche		0	The hand of the witnesses must be the first to put him to death, and afterward the hand of all the people	Here “hand” represents the entire group of witnesses. Alternate translation: “The witnesses themselves must be the first ones to throw stones. Then all the people will execute the person by throwing stones at him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	17	7	c151	figs-nominaladj		0	you will remove the evil from among you	The nominal adjective “the evil” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “you must remove from among the Israelites this person who does this evil thing” or “you must execute this evil person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
DEU	17	8	q5bw			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	17	8	j7yz			0	If a matter arises	“If there is a matter” or “If there is a situation”
DEU	17	8	ahf5			0	one person’s right and another person’s right	A “right” is a person’s legal authority to do something or to possess something.
DEU	17	9	i57n	figs-abstractnouns		0	you will seek their advice	The abstract noun “advice” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “you will ask them to advise you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
DEU	17	9	xe5f	figs-abstractnouns		0	they will give you the verdict	The abstract noun “verdict” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “they will decide on the matter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
DEU	17	11	n3uq	figs-metaphor		0	Follow the law they teach you	A person obeying what the priests and judge decide is spoken of as if the person were physically following behind the law. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must obey what the judge and priests decide about the matter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	17	11	a1r9	figs-metaphor		0	Do not turn aside from what they tell you, to the right hand or to the left	A person not doing exactly what the judge and priests say is spoken of as if he were turning off the correct path. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Do not disobey anything they tell you” or “Do everything they say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	17	12	l4fz			0	in not listening to the priest…or in not listening to the judge	“and does not obey the priest…or does not obey the judge”
DEU	17	12	u7c6	figs-nominaladj		0	you will put away the evil from Israel	The nominal adjective “the evil” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “you must remove from among the Israelites the person who does this evil thing” or “you must execute this evil person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
DEU	17	13	xm49	figs-explicit		0	All the people must hear and fear, and act arrogantly no more	It is implied that when the people hear about the person who was executed for acting arrogantly, they will be afraid and not act arrogantly themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	17	14	t6n8			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	17	14	wkl6	figs-go		0	When you have come to the land	The word “come to” can be translated as “gone to” or “entered.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
DEU	17	14	x3gq	figs-quotesinquotes		0	then you say, ‘I will set a king over myself, like all the nations that are round about me,’	This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “then you decide that you want a king just like the peoples of the nations that surround you have kings,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
DEU	17	14	n7ly	figs-pronouns		0	I will set a king over myself…round about me	Moses has the people speaking as if they were one person. It may be more natural to translate this with plural pronouns. Alternate translation: “We will set over ourselves…round about us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
DEU	17	14	gm2m	figs-metaphor		0	set a king over myself	Giving someone the authority to rule as king in Israel is spoken of as if the people were setting the person in a place above them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	17	14	c8nt			0	all the nations that are round about me	“all the surrounding nations”
DEU	17	14	ie3y	figs-metonymy		0	all the nations	Here “nations” represent the people who live in the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	17	15	x8fl			0	someone from among your brothers	“one of your fellow Israelites”
DEU	17	15	q7px	figs-doublet		0	a foreigner, who is not your brother, over yourself	Both of these phrases mean the same thing. They both refer to a person who is not an Israelite. Yahweh is emphasizing that the people of Israel should not let a foreigner rule over them. Alternate translation: “a foreigner over yourself” or “a non-Israelite over yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU	17	16	pr1w	figs-quotesinquotes		0	for Yahweh had said to you, ‘You will never return that way again.’	This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “for Yahweh had said that you must never return to Egypt again.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
DEU	17	17	zj8g	figs-synecdoche		0	so that his heart does not turn away	Here “heart” refers to the whole person. An Israelite king who marries foreign wives and starts to worship their false gods is spoken of as if his heart were to turn away from Yahweh. Alternate translation: “so that they do not cause him to stop honoring Yahweh and start worshiping false gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	17	18	tt3z	figs-metonymy		0	When he sits on the throne of his kingdom	Here “throne” represents the person’s power and authority as king. To sit on the throne means to become king. Alternate translation: “When he becomes king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	17	18	h6x6			0	he must write for himself in a scroll a copy of this law	Possible meanings are (1) “he must personally write in a scroll a copy of this law for himself” or (2) “he must appoint someone to write in a scroll a copy of this law for him”
DEU	17	18	xh2p			0	from the law that is before the priests, who are Levites	“from the copy of the law that the Levitical priests keep”
DEU	17	19	f877	figs-parallelism		0	so as to keep all the words of this law and these statutes, to observe them	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the king must obey all of God’s law. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	17	20	b7e5	figs-synecdoche		0	so that his heart is not lifted up above his brothers	Here “his heart” refers to the whole person. A king becoming arrogant is spoken of as if his heart were lifted up. Alternate translation: “so that he does not become arrogant” or “so that he does not think he is better than his fellow Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	17	20	idm3	figs-metaphor		0	so that he does not turn away from the commandments, to the right hand or to the left	A king disobeying God’s commands is spoken of as if a person were to turn off the correct path. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “so that he does not disobey any of the commandments” or “so that he obeys all of the commandments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
DEU	17	20	sa87	figs-metaphor		0	prolong his days	Long days is a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated a similar phrase “prolong your days” in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “be able to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	18	intro	u6pf			0		# Deuteronomy 18 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Levites<br>As Yahweh’s chosen priests, the priest were to trust in Yahweh to provide for them. He provided for them through the rest of the Israelites. Yahweh was their inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]])<br><br>### Messiah<br>This chapter is one of the first prophecies about the promised, coming Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])
DEU	18	1	ztw1			0	General Information:	Moses continues telling the people what Yahweh wants them to do.
DEU	18	1	u386	figs-metaphor		0	will have no portion nor inheritance with Israel	The Levites not receiving any land from Yahweh is spoken of as if they would not receive an inheritance. Alternate translation: “will not possess any of the people’s land” or “will not receive any of the land that the Israelites will possess” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	18	1	z6rx			0	no portion	“no part” or “no share”
DEU	18	2	h6ef			0	among their brothers	“among the other tribes of Israel” or “among the other Israelites”
DEU	18	2	pd8k	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh is their inheritance	Moses speaks of the great honor that Aaron and his descendants will have by serving Yahweh as priests as if Yahweh were something that they will inherit. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Deuteronomy 10:9](../10/09.md). Alternate translation: “instead, they will have Yahweh” or “instead, Yahweh will allow them to serve him and he will provide for them through that service” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	18	3	bn85			0	the inner parts	This is the stomach and intestines.
DEU	18	4	g5u8			0	you must give him	“you must give to the priest”
DEU	18	5	py8r	figs-metonymy		0	has chosen him	Here “him” represents all the Levites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	18	5	g5j5	figs-metonymy		0	to stand to serve in the name of Yahweh	Here “the name of Yahweh” stands for Yahweh himself and his authority. Alternate translation: “to be his special servants” or “to serve as a representative of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	18	5	ep9k	figs-synecdoche		0	him and his sons forever	Here “him” represents all the Levites. Alternate translation: “the Levites and their descendants forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	18	6	we5s	figs-idiom		0	desires with all his soul	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “strongly desires” or “really wants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	18	7	p9jv	figs-metonymy		0	then he must serve in the name of Yahweh his God	Here “name” represents Yahweh and his authority. Alternate translation: “then he must serve Yahweh his God as a priest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	18	7	a94d			0	who stand there before Yahweh	“who serve in the sanctuary in the presence of Yahweh”
DEU	18	8	c8rp			0	his family’s inheritance	This is what the priest would inherit from his father.
DEU	18	9	gvb6	figs-go		0	When you have come	Here “come” can be translated as “gone” or “entered.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
DEU	18	9	b17w	figs-metonymy		0	you must not learn to observe the abominations of those nations	God hates the religious activities of the people in the surrounding nations. He considers them to be terribly evil. Here “nations” represents the people. Alternate translation: “you must not do the terrible things that the people of the other nations do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	18	10	ey79	figs-activepassive		0	There must not be found among you anyone	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “There must not be anyone among you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	18	10	hta7			0	anyone who uses divination…tells fortunes…reads signs found in a cup…engages in witchcraft	These are different ways of practicing magic. God has forbidden every kind of magic. If you do not have a word for all of these activities, it can be stated more generally. Alternate translation: “anyone who uses magic to try to find out what will happen in the future, to cast spells”
DEU	18	10	ugk5			0	reads signs found in a cup	One who reads the shapes and figures in a cup and who predicts future events from what they can see
DEU	18	11	g9dh			0	any charmer…anyone who conjurs up spirits…one who casts spells…who talks with spirits of the dead	These are phrases for people who practice different kinds of magic. God has forbidden every kind of magic. If you do not have a word for all of these types of people, you can translate more generally. Alternate translation: “anyone who uses magic to cast spells, or to talk to the spirits of dead people”
DEU	18	12	ufu7			0	driving them out	Here “them” refers to the people already living in Canaan.
DEU	18	14	aj59	figs-metonymy		0	For these nations	Here “nations” stands for the people groups that live in Canaan. Alternate translation: “For these people groups” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	18	14	q8g1			0	these nations that you will dispossess	“these nations whose land you will take”
DEU	18	15	y637			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	18	15	pp4p	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh your God will raise up for you a prophet	Yahweh appointing a person to be a prophet is spoken of as if Yahweh would raise or lift the person up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	18	15	m2rv			0	one of your brothers	“one of your fellow Israelites”
DEU	18	16	v3y7			0	This is what you asked	Here “you” refers to the Israelites at Mount Horeb about 40 years earlier.
DEU	18	16	iz2m			0	at Horeb on the day of the assembly	“on the day you gathered together at Horeb”
DEU	18	16	pp7b	figs-quotesinquotes		0	on the day of the assembly, saying, ‘Let us not hear again the voice of Yahweh our God, nor see this great fire anymore, or we will die.’	This has a quotation within a quotation. A direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “on the day of the assembly when you said that you did not want to hear the voice of Yahweh our God, nor see his great fire anymore, because you were afraid that you would die.” (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
DEU	18	16	l7c6	figs-synecdoche		0	Let us not hear again the voice of Yahweh our God	Here Yahweh is represented by his “voice” to emphasize what he says. Alternate translation: “Let us not hear Yahweh our God speak again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	18	18	t95s	figs-metaphor		0	I will raise up a prophet for them	Yahweh appointing a person to be a prophet is spoken of as if Yahweh would raise or lift the person up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	18	18	d8wb			0	from among their brothers	“from among their fellow Israelites”
DEU	18	18	p717	figs-metaphor		0	I will put my words in his mouth	Yahweh telling the prophet what to say is spoken of as if Yahweh would put words in the prophet’s mouth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	18	18	xl1v			0	speak to them	“speak to the people of Israel”
DEU	18	19	pt28	figs-metonymy		0	does not listen to the words of mine that he speaks in my name	Here “my name” represents Yahweh and his authority. Alternate translation: “does not listen to him when he speaks my message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	18	19	n8mr			0	require it of him	“I will hold him responsible” or “I will punish him.” Here “him” refers to the person who does not listen to the prophet.
DEU	18	20	y6dm			0	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking.
DEU	18	20	pl2e			0	who speaks a word arrogantly	“who dares to speak a message” or “who is arrogant enough to speak a message”
DEU	18	20	ip16	figs-metonymy		0	in my name	Here “my name” refers to Yahweh himself and his authority. Alternate translation: “for me” or “with my authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	18	20	x88t			0	a word	“a message”
DEU	18	20	f7vu	figs-metonymy		0	who speaks in the name of other gods	Here “name” represents the gods themselves or their authority. This means the prophet claims that false gods told him to speak a certain message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	18	21	ryk5	figs-metonymy		0	This is what you must say in your heart	Here “heart” represents the thoughts of a person. Alternate translation: “You ask yourself” or “You must say to yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	18	21	gbx1			0	How will we recognize a message that Yahweh has not spoken?	“How will we know if the message that the prophet speaks is from Yahweh?” Here “we” refers to the people of Israel.
DEU	18	22	law3			0	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking.
DEU	18	22	kzp4	figs-metonymy		0	a prophet speaks in the name of Yahweh	Here “name of Yahweh” refers to Yahweh himself and his authority. Alternate translation: “a prophet claims to speak for me” or “a prophet claims to speak with my authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	18	22	ys2k			0	the prophet has spoken it arrogantly	“the prophet has spoken this message without my authority”
DEU	19	intro	r53s			0		# Deuteronomy 19 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Justice<br>Another way justice would be maintained in Israel was by avoiding revenge killings. This chapter describes the establishment of special cities to protect those fleeing from revenge killings. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])<br><br>### Witnesses<br>In the ancient Near East, it was common for a person to be punished by the testimony of a single person, especially if this was an important person. The rules in this chapter give protection to people, especially the poor by requiring multiple witnesses. This allowed justice to be done. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Law of retaliation<br>The chapter describes a famous law, often called the “law of retaliation.” It is said, an “eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.” This does not mean a person who causes another person to lose their eye must have their own eye removed as punishment. This law is not about making all things equal. Instead, it is about limiting the punishment or the ability of a person to retaliate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	19	1	rka3			0	General Information:	Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	19	1	av28	figs-metaphor		0	When Yahweh your God cuts off the nations	Yahweh destroying the people who live in Canaan is spoken of as if he were cutting them off, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	19	1	jh1z	figs-metonymy		0	the nations	This represents the people groups that live in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	19	1	y55w			0	those whose land Yahweh your God is giving you	“those nations who were living in the land that Yahweh your God is giving you”
DEU	19	1	kl51			0	come after them	“take the land from those nations” or “possess the land after those nations are gone”
DEU	19	2	l8je	translate-numbers		0	select three cities	“choose 3 cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU	19	3	ty5v	figs-explicit		0	You must build a road	They were to build roads so that it would be easy for people to travel to these cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	19	3	g91q	figs-explicit		0	divide the borders of your land into three parts	It is implied that one of the cities they choose must be in each part of the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	19	3	psa1	figs-metaphor		0	the land that Yahweh your God is causing you to inherit	Yahweh giving the land to the people of Israel is spoken of as if the people are inheriting the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	19	4	inz6			0	This is the instruction	“These are the instructions” or “These are the directions”
DEU	19	4	v7rc	figs-ellipsis		0	concerning the one who kills another	The word “person” is understood. Alternate translation: “for a person who kills another person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
DEU	19	4	cez8			0	and flees from there	“and who escapes to one of these cities” or “who runs to one of these cities”
DEU	19	4	k7eb			0	the one who unintentionally kills his neighbor	Here “neighbor” means any person in general. Alternate translation: “any person who kills another person by accident”
DEU	19	4	uvu6	figs-explicit		0	without hating him at the time of the accident	“but did not hate his neighbor before he killed him.” This implies there was no cause for him to kill his neighbor purposely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	19	5	qb1k	figs-hypo		0	For example, if a man goes into the forest…to cut wood	The author gives a hypothetical situation where a person accidentally kills another person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
DEU	19	5	i3cb			0	the ax head slips off of the handle	The iron part of the ax comes off the wooden handle.
DEU	19	5	wkv1			0	strikes his neighbor and kills him	This means the head of the ax hits and kills the neighbor.
DEU	19	5	l3mr	figs-explicit		0	to one of these cities and save his life	It is implied that the family of the dead man may try to get revenge. The man who killed him can flee to one of these cities, and the people there would protect him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	19	6	y7gu			0	General Information:	Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	19	6	qq6p	figs-metonymy		0	the avenger of blood	Here “blood” represents the person who was killed. An “avenger of blood” is a close relative of the person who was killed. This relative is responsible for punishing the murderer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	19	6	xgi5	figs-idiom		0	the one who took a life	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “the one who killed the other person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	19	6	xc46	figs-metaphor		0	in the heat of his anger	Someone being very angry is spoken of as if anger were something that could become hot. Alternate translation: “and being very angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	19	6	ugg9			0	strike him and kill him	“And the blood avenger strikes and kills the one who had killed the other person”
DEU	19	6	z4dg			0	though that man did not deserve to die, since he had not hated his neighbor in the past	“though that man did not deserve to die since he accidentally killed the other person and was not his enemy, and he had not planned to hurt the man”
DEU	19	8	bj18			0	General Information:	Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	19	8	ge7t			0	enlarges your borders	“gives you more land to possess”
DEU	19	8	d84s			0	as he has sworn to your ancestors to do	“like he promised your ancestors that he would do”
DEU	19	9	a3eh			0	if you keep all these commandments to do them	“if you obey all these commandments”
DEU	19	9	jg6e	figs-metaphor		0	to always walk in his ways	How God wants a person to live or behave is spoken of as if it were Yahweh’s way or road. A person who obeys Yahweh is spoken of as if he were walking on Yahweh’s way or road. Alternate translation: “to always obey him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	19	9	yw53	translate-numbers		0	then you must add three more cities for yourself	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “then you must choose three more cities for a person to escape to if he accidentally kills someone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	19	9	v9ky	translate-numbers		0	besides these three	“in addition to the three cities you already established” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU	19	10	pz9n	figs-activepassive		0	Do this so that innocent blood is not shed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Do this so that family members do not kill an innocent person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	19	10	nw4x	figs-metonymy		0	innocent blood is not shed	Here “blood” represents a person’s life. To shed blood means to kill a person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one kills an innocent person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	19	10	g3td			0	in the midst of the land	“in the land” or “in the territory”
DEU	19	10	xf54	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh your God is giving you for as an inheritance	The land that Yahweh is giving the people of Israel is spoken of as if it were an inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	19	10	jrj7	figs-metaphor		0	so that no bloodguilt may be on you	The people of Israel being guilty for a person dying because they did not build a city where he would be safe from the “blood avenger” is spoken of as if the guilt of his death is on them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	19	10	swl5	figs-metonymy		0	bloodguilt	Here “blood” represents a life and “bloodguilt” refers to the guilt someone has for killing an innocent person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	19	10	p59g			0	may be on you	This means that if a family member kills an innocent person, then all the people of Israel will be guilty for letting that happen.
DEU	19	11	vzh1			0	his neighbor	Here “neighbor” means any person in general.
DEU	19	11	c5ne	figs-explicit		0	lies in wait for him	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “hides and waits in order to kill him” or “plans to kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	19	11	k2et	figs-idiom		0	rises up against him	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “attacks him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	19	11	fl1g			0	mortally wounds him so that he dies	“hurts him so that he dies” or “and kills him”
DEU	19	12	y76n			0	must send and bring him back from there	“must send someone to get him and bring him back from the city that he escaped to”
DEU	19	12	w6c5	figs-idiom		0	turn him over	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “give him over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	19	12	wm9p	figs-metonymy		0	into the hand of the responsible relative	Here “the hand” represents the authority of someone. Alternate translation: “to the authority of the responsible relative” or “to the responsible relative” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	19	12	mu7q			0	the responsible relative	This is the relative of the person who was killed. This relative is responsible for punishing the murderer.
DEU	19	12	k525			0	he may die	“the murderer may die” or “the responsible relative may execute the murderer”
DEU	19	13	nzj3	figs-synecdoche		0	Your eye must not pity him	Here “your eye” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “Do not show him mercy” or “Do not feel sorry for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	19	13	bf7g	figs-metonymy		0	you must eradicate the bloodguilt from Israel	Here “bloodguilt” represents the guilt for murdering an innocent person. Alternate translation: “you must execute the murderer so that the people of Israel will not be guilty for the death of an innocent person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	19	13	m9xl	figs-metonymy		0	from Israel	Here “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	19	14	ri32			0	General Information:	Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	19	14	il44	figs-explicit		0	You must not remove your neighbor’s landmark	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “You must not take land away from your neighbor by moving the markers on the borders of his land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	19	14	z3yt			0	they set in place	“that your ancestors placed”
DEU	19	14	aq1b			0	a long time ago	Moses means that when the people have lived in the land for a long time, they should not move the borders that their ancestors made when they first took the land.
DEU	19	14	xa6i	figs-metaphor		0	in your inheritance that you will inherit, in the land that Yahweh your God is giving you to possess	Yahweh giving the land to the people of Israel is spoken of as if they were inheriting the land. Alternate translation: “in the land that Yahweh your God is giving to you to possess” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	19	15	d18z			0	General Information:	Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	19	15	qy58			0	One sole witness	“A single witness” or “Only one witness”
DEU	19	15	j3fr	figs-idiom		0	must not rise up against a man	Here “rise up” means to stand up in court and speak against someone to a judge. Alternate translation: “must not speak to the judges about something bad that a man did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	19	15	am59			0	in any matter that he sins	“anytime that a man does something bad”
DEU	19	15	hv5m	figs-metonymy		0	at the mouth of two witnesses, or at the mouth of three witnesses	Here “mouth” represents what the witnesses say. It is implied that there must be at least two or three witnesses. Alternate translation: “at the testimony of at least two or three people” or “based on what at least two or three people say happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	19	15	b9c6	figs-activepassive		0	must any matter be confirmed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “will you confirm that the man is guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	19	16	nhi5			0	Suppose that	“When” or “If”
DEU	19	16	ece2			0	an unrighteous witness	“a witness who intends to harm someone else”
DEU	19	16	zqg3	figs-idiom		0	rises up against any man to testify against him of wrongdoing	Here “rise up” means to stand up in court and speak against someone to a judge. Alternate translation: “tells the judge that a man sinned in order to get the man in trouble” or “tells the judge that a man sinned, so the judge will punish him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	19	17	e77t			0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
DEU	19	17	l9ti			0	the ones between whom the controversy exists	“the ones who disagree with one another”
DEU	19	17	xh66	figs-explicit		0	must stand before Yahweh, before the priests and the judges	This means the two persons must go to the sanctuary where Yahweh’s presence dwells. At the sanctuary are priests and judges who have the authority to make legal decisions for Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	19	17	d8nf	figs-idiom		0	stand before Yahweh, before the priests and the judges	The phrase “stand before” is an idiom. It means to go to someone with authority and let him make a legal decision about a matter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	19	18	cr9r			0	The judges must make diligent inquiries	“The judges must work very hard to determine what happened”
DEU	19	19	b5ya			0	then must you do to him, as he had wished to do to his brother	“then you must punish the false witness in the same way as he wanted you to punish the other man”
DEU	19	19	p5aa	figs-nominaladj		0	you will remove the evil from among you	The nominal adjective “the evil” can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “you will remove the evil practice from among you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
DEU	19	20	a23d			0	Then those who remain	“When you punish the false witness, the rest of the people”
DEU	19	20	n7hc	figs-explicit		0	will hear and fear	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “will hear about the punishment and be afraid of getting punished” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	19	20	wqw9			0	commit no longer any such evil	“never again do something evil like that”
DEU	19	21	z5fm	figs-synecdoche		0	Your eyes must not pity	Here “eyes” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “You must not pity him” or “You must not show him mercy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	19	21	nz4x	figs-ellipsis		0	life will pay for life…foot for foot	Here the phrases are shortened because the meaning is understood. It means the people must punish a person in the same way that he harmed another person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
DEU	20	intro	qq8m			0		# Deuteronomy 20 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahweh’s protection<br>Israel was not to worry about the power and strength of other nations. Instead, they were to trust in the power of Yahweh. He is the source of their military strength and protection. This is why a priest leads them into battle, rather than a military commander. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])<br><br>### Holy war<br>Israel’s conquering of the Promised Land was unique in history. It was a type of holy war and had special rules. This war was really Yahweh’s punishment against the sin of the Canaanite people. If the people were not completely destroyed, they would cause Israel to sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### “What man is there”<br>This phrase is used several times to introduce a rhetorical question. The questions are intended to tell the readers that Yahweh only wants soldiers who are completely dedicated to fighting for him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Excused from fighting<br>In ancient Israel, men were excused from fighting in battle for several different reasons. Some of these reasons are mentioned in this chapter. Apparently, needing to establish a new house, the need to harvest a field and cowardice were possible excuses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	20	1	x89z			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	20	1	ei7a			0	When you march out to battle against your enemies	“When you go out to fight in a war against your enemies”
DEU	20	1	r5j1	figs-explicit		0	see horses, chariots	People considered an army with many horses and chariots to be very strong. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	20	1	ta4q			0	he who brought you up out of the land of Egypt	Yahweh brought the people from Egypt to Canaan. It was common to use the word “up” to refer to traveling from Egypt to Canaan. Alternate translation: “Yahweh who led you out from the land of Egypt”
DEU	20	2	a8vr			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	20	2	qi76			0	speak to the people	“speak to the soldiers of Israel”
DEU	20	3	fy5i	figs-parallelism		0	Do not let your hearts faint. Do not fear or tremble. Do not be afraid of them	These four expressions all mean the same thing and strongly emphasize that they are not to be afraid. If your language does not have four ways to express this concept, you may use less than four. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	20	3	e17d	figs-metonymy		0	Do not let your hearts faint	Here “hearts” represents people’s courage. For a heart to faint is an idiom that means “Do not be afraid.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	20	4	mdt8	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh your God is the one who is going with you to fight for you against your enemies	Yahweh defeating the enemies of the people of Israel is spoken of as if Yahweh were a warrior who would fight along with the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	20	4	fvb1			0	to save you	“to give you victory”
DEU	20	5	dxx2			0	General Information:	Moses says what the army officers must say to the people of Israel before a battle.
DEU	20	5	i6ss	figs-explicit		0	The officers must speak	One of the officers’ jobs was to decide who could leave the army. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	20	5	x2xn			0	What man is there…Let him go and return to his house	“If any soldier here has built a new house and has not dedicated it, he should go back to his house”
DEU	20	5	ti4c	figs-hypo		0	so that he does not die in battle and another man dedicates it	The officer is describing a situation that could possibly happen to a soldier. Alternate translation: “so that, if he dies in battle, another man will not dedicate his house instead of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
DEU	20	6	yru7			0	General Information:	Moses continues describing situations that allow a man to leave the military.
DEU	20	6	vr9v			0	Is there anyone who has planted…Let him go home	“If any soldier here has a new vineyard, but has not yet harvested its grapes, he should go back to his house”
DEU	20	6	tal6	figs-hypo		0	so he will not die in battle and another man enjoy its fruit	The officer is describing a situation that could possibly happen to a soldier. Alternate translation: “so that, if he dies in battle, another man will not harvest its fruit instead of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
DEU	20	7	n1rz			0	What man is there who is engaged to marry a woman…Let him go home	“If any soldier here has promised to marry a woman, but has not yet married her, he should go back to his house”
DEU	20	7	c3bq	figs-hypo		0	so that he does not die in battle and another man marries her	The officer is describing a situation that could possibly happen to a soldier. Alternate translation: “so that, if he dies in battle, another man does not marry her instead of him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
DEU	20	8	q7ui			0	General Information:	Moses continues describing situations that allow a man to leave the military.
DEU	20	8	bjh6			0	What man is there who is fearful or fainthearted? Let him go and return to his house	“If any soldier here is afraid and not brave, he should go back to his house”
DEU	20	8	xs8n	figs-doublet		0	fearful or fainthearted	Both of these words mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “afraid to fight in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU	20	8	vra8	figs-idiom		0	his brother’s heart does not melt like his own heart	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “another Israelite does not become afraid like he is afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	20	8	j8t4	figs-metonymy		0	brother’s heart…his own heart	Here “heart” represents a person’s courage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	20	9	bl8n			0	they must appoint commanders over them	“the officers must appoint people to be commanders and to lead the people of Israel”
DEU	20	10	tgm2			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	20	10	gc68	figs-metonymy		0	When you march up to attack a city	Here “city” represents the people. Alternate translation: “When you go to attack the people of a city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	20	10	bde3			0	make those people an offer of peace	“give the people in the city a chance to surrender”
DEU	20	11	yd6l	figs-metonymy		0	open their gates to you	Here “gates” refers to the city gates. The phrase “open their gates to you” represents the people surrendering and allowing the Israelites to enter their city. Alternate translation: “let you enter their city peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	20	11	lru9	figs-activepassive		0	all the people who are found in it	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “all the people in the city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	20	11	pf8b			0	must become forced labor for you	“must become your slaves”
DEU	20	12	c8y1	figs-metonymy		0	But if it makes no offer of peace	Here “it” refers to the city which represents the people. Alternate translation: “But if the people of the city do not surrender” or “But if the people of the city do not accept your offer of peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	20	14	hl2w			0	the little ones	“the children”
DEU	20	14	h4ld			0	all its spoil	“all the valuable things”
DEU	20	14	yev9			0	booty	These are the valuable things which people who win a battle take from the people they attacked.
DEU	20	15	yvw9	figs-metonymy		0	all the cities	Here “cities” represents the people. Alternate translation: “all the people who live in cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	20	16	n8lj			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	20	16	wi9a	figs-metaphor		0	In the cities of these peoples that Yahweh your God is giving you as an inheritance	The cities in Canaan that Yahweh is giving to the people is spoken of as if the cities were the people’s inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	20	16	ql5j	figs-litotes		0	you must save alive nothing that breathes	“you must not let any living thing stay alive.” This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “you must kill every living thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
DEU	20	17	v49s			0	you must completely destroy them	“you must completely destroy these people groups”
DEU	20	18	kl2b			0	Do this so that they	“Destroy these nations so that they”
DEU	20	18	ya8k			0	to act in any of their abominable ways…their gods	“to act in abominable ways like the people in these nations have done with their gods”
DEU	20	18	i63g			0	If you do, you will sin against Yahweh your God	“If you act like these people, you will sin against Yahweh your God”
DEU	20	19	lcz9			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	20	19	sqm5			0	wage war	“fight in a war”
DEU	20	19	sg5n			0	by wielding an ax against them	“by cutting down the trees with an ax”
DEU	20	19	m55u	figs-rquestion		0	For is the tree of the field a man whom you should besiege?	This rhetorical question is to remind the people of what they should already know. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “For fruit trees are not people, so they are not your enemy.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
DEU	20	20	gis7			0	you know are not trees for food	“you know are not trees that grow fruit to eat”
DEU	20	20	czc4			0	siege works	These are tools and structures, such as ladders and towers, that are needed to lay siege to a city.
DEU	20	20	g9ny	figs-idiom		0	until it falls	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “until the people of the city lose the war” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	20	20	fdg1	figs-metonymy		0	it falls	Here “it” refers to the city which represents the people of the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	21	intro	qfb6			0		# Deuteronomy 21 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Elders<br>Older men were required to lead the people of Israel and help to administer justice. These men would function as judges, which would later become a more official position. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br><br>### Peace in Israel<br>The rules and instructions in this chapter help to ensure peace in Israel. This is not a military peace. Instead, it is about establishing peace within Israel and among the people.
DEU	21	1	g61z			0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
DEU	21	1	z641	figs-activepassive		0	If someone is found killed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If someone finds a person whom someone else has killed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	21	1	iqh7			0	lying in the field	The dead person is lying in the field.
DEU	21	1	w5dt	figs-activepassive		0	it is not known who has attacked him	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “nobody knows who attacked him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	21	2	p5xl			0	they must measure to the cities	“they must measure the distance to the cities”
DEU	21	2	kj57	figs-activepassive		0	him who has been killed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “him whom someone has killed” or “the dead body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	21	3	qle9			0	has not borne the yoke	“has not worn a yoke”
DEU	21	4	c4aq	figs-idiom		0	running water	This is an idiom for water that is moving. Alternate translation: “a stream” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	21	4	cc7w	figs-activepassive		0	a valley that has been neither plowed nor sown	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a valley where nobody has plowed the ground or planted seeds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	21	5	lut7			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	21	5	k6ht			0	must come forward	“must come to the valley”
DEU	21	5	f1vj			0	for Yahweh your God has chosen them to serve him	“because the priests are the ones whom Yahweh your God has chosen to serve him”
DEU	21	5	et1i	figs-you		0	Yahweh your God	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if he were speaking to one man, so the word “your” is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	21	5	gjj4			0	give blessing	“bless the people of Israel”
DEU	21	5	dtv4	figs-metonymy		0	in the name of Yahweh	Here the metonym “in the name of” refers to Yahweh and his authority. Alternate translation: “as one who says and does what Yahweh himself would say and do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	21	5	d9ju			0	Yahweh and to decide every case of dispute and assault by their word	“Yahweh, and they will be the ones who settle all disagreements and cases of violence”
DEU	21	6	m3db			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	21	6	sd84	figs-activepassive		0	the heifer whose neck was broken	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the heifer whose neck the priests broke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	21	7	f8zq			0	they must answer to the case	“they must testify to Yahweh about this case”
DEU	21	7	hzz3	figs-synecdoche		0	Our hands have not shed this blood	Here “hands” are a synecdoche for the whole person and “shed this blood” is a metonym for killing an innocent person. Alternate translation: “We did not kill this innocent person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	21	7	p19h	figs-synecdoche		0	neither have our eyes seen it	Here “eyes” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “and we did not see anyone kill this person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	21	8	n8mm	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to tell the elders what they should say when they wash their hands over the heifer. He speaks to them as if he were speaking to one man, so the words “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	21	8	zi6q	figs-metaphor		0	whom you have redeemed	Yahweh rescuing the people of Israel from being slaves in Egypt is spoken of as if Yahweh paid money to redeem his people from slavery. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	21	8	h6er	figs-idiom		0	do not put guilt for innocent bloodshed in the midst of your people Israel	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “do not treat your people Israel as if they are guilty of killing an innocent person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	21	8	ay2y	figs-activepassive		0	Then the bloodshed will be forgiven them	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then Yahweh will forgive his people Israel for the death of an innocent person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	21	9	jt76			0	you will put away the innocent blood from your midst	“you will not be guilty any more of killing an innocent person”
DEU	21	9	xm7q	figs-metaphor		0	what is right in the eyes of Yahweh	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “what is right in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	21	10	wt6l	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel as if he were speaking to one man, so the words “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	21	10	l9ii			0	you go out	“you who are soldiers go out”
DEU	21	11	bd8u			0	you have a desire for her	Use a polite phrase for “you want to sleep with her.”
DEU	21	11	s5ud			0	wish to take her for yourself as a wife	“want to marry her”
DEU	21	12	jv5u			0	she will shave her head	“she will shave the hair off of her head”
DEU	21	12	z3hf			0	cut her nails	“cut her fingernails”
DEU	21	13	vnh6	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel as if he were speaking to one man, so the words “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	21	13	b55v	figs-explicit		0	she will take off the clothes she was wearing	She will do this after the man brings her to his house and when she shaves her head and cuts her fingernails and toenails as mentioned in [Deuteronomy 21:12](../21/12.md). The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “she will take off the clothes of her people and put on Israelite clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	21	13	b4yf	figs-activepassive		0	when she was taken captive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when you took her captive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	21	13	r21s			0	a full month	“an entire month” or “a whole month”
DEU	21	13	r54x	figs-euphemism		0	After that you may lie with her	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “After that you may have sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
DEU	21	14	ft5h	figs-explicit		0	But if you take no delight in her	You may need to make explicit that the man sleeps with the woman. Alternate translation: “But if you sleep with her and then decide that you do not want her as your wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	21	14	m4xj			0	let her go where she wishes	“let her go wherever she wants to go”
DEU	21	14	p6ul			0	because you have humiliated her	“because you shamed her by sleeping with her and then sending her away”
DEU	21	15	s91j			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	21	15	v2gp	figs-activepassive		0	one is loved and the other is hated	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are (1) “the man loves one of his wives and he hates the other wife” or (2) “the man loves one wife more than he loves the other wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	21	15	jg5e	figs-activepassive		0	if the firstborn son is of her that is hated	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if the firstborn son belongs to the wife whom the man hates” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	21	16	f8q7			0	then on the day that the man	“when the man”
DEU	21	16	ym4g			0	the man causes his sons to inherit what he possesses	“the man gives his possessions to his sons as an inheritance”
DEU	21	16	zf5n			0	he may not make the son of the beloved wife the firstborn before the son of the hated wife	“he may not treat the son of the beloved wife as if he were the firstborn instead of the son of the hated wife”
DEU	21	17	jb7c			0	a double portion	“twice as much”
DEU	21	17	njj9	figs-idiom		0	that son is the beginning of his strength	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “that son is the one who shows that the man can become the father of sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	21	18	a2e9			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	21	18	m9cz	figs-metonymy		0	who will not obey the voice of his father or the voice of his mother	Here “voice” is a metonym for what a person says. Alternate translation: “who will not obey what his father or mother say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	21	18	k2qr			0	they correct him	“they punish him for his wrongdoing” or “they train and instruct him”
DEU	21	19	tfk2			0	must lay hold on him and bring him out	“must force him to come out”
DEU	21	20	xgq4	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	21	20	l217			0	This son of ours	“Our son”
DEU	21	20	v2fh	figs-metonymy		0	he will not obey our voice	Here “voice” is a metonym for what a person says or a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “he will not do what we tell him to do” or “he will not obey us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	21	20	pp95			0	a glutton	a person who eats and drinks too much
DEU	21	20	a7nu			0	a drunkard	a person who drinks too much alcohol and gets drunk often
DEU	21	21	f1vt			0	stone him to death with stones	“throw stones at him until he dies”
DEU	21	21	y2jq	figs-nominaladj		0	you will remove the evil from among you	The adjective “evil” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “you must remove from among the Israelites the person who does this evil thing” or “you must execute this evil person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
DEU	21	21	eax8	figs-metonymy		0	All Israel	The word “Israel” is a metonym for the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “All the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	21	21	dpr6	figs-explicit		0	will hear of it and fear	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “will hear about what happened to the son and be afraid that the people will punish them also” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	21	22	bv2t	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel as if he were speaking to one man, so the words “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	21	22	nh6m			0	If a man has committed a sin worthy of death	“If a man has done something so bad that you need to punish him by killing him”
DEU	21	22	h9vx	figs-activepassive		0	he is put to death	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you execute him” or “you kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	21	22	hfw9			0	you hang him on a tree	Possible meanings are (1) “after he has died you hang him on a tree” or (2) “you kill him by hanging him on a wooden post”
DEU	21	23	y9lb			0	bury him the same day	“bury him on the same day as when you execute him”
DEU	21	23	ztq8	figs-activepassive		0	for whoever is hanged is cursed by God	This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “because God curses everyone whom people hang on trees” and (2) “people hang on trees those whom God has cursed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	21	23	i54a			0	do not defile the land	by leaving something God has cursed hanging in the tree
DEU	22	intro	hk1i			0		# Deuteronomy 22 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Order in Israel<br>The instructions in this chapter help to maintain order in this chapter. The people are to have integrity. The people’s sin will result in serious punishment. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>### Virgin woman<br>If a woman was not a virgin, she was not considered to be worth marrying. The man who slept with her was responsible for providing for her since she will not be able to find a husband to provide for her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	22	1	b8pa	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	22	1	j8sq			0	go astray	“walk away from its owner”
DEU	22	1	z51n	figs-idiom		0	hide yourself from them	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “act as if you do not see them” or “go away without doing anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	22	2	k4ri			0	If your fellow Israelite is not near to you	“If your fellow Israelite lives far away from you”
DEU	22	2	x6el			0	or if you do not know him	“or if you do not know who the owner of the animal is”
DEU	22	2	lk81			0	it must be with you until he looks for it	“you must keep the animal with you until its owner comes looking for it”
DEU	22	3	ez2b	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	22	3	aj2b			0	You must do the same with his donkey	“You must return his donkey in the same way”
DEU	22	3	xyi9			0	you must do the same with his garment	“you must return his clothing in the same way”
DEU	22	3	hk97	figs-idiom		0	you must not hide yourself	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you must not act as if you do not see that he has lost something” or “you must not go away without doing anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	22	4	zc1c			0	you must surely help him to lift it up again	“you must help your fellow Israelite lift the animal back up onto its feet”
DEU	22	5	pz6w			0	General Information:	Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	22	5	jd6y			0	what pertains to a man	“men’s clothing”
DEU	22	6	ciu1	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	22	6	jzz5			0	bird’s nest	a home that birds make for themselves out of sticks, grass, plants, and mud
DEU	22	6	j3em			0	with young ones or eggs in it	“with baby birds or eggs in the nest”
DEU	22	6	d5x9			0	the mother sitting on the young	“the mother bird is sitting on the baby birds”
DEU	22	7	f4iz	figs-metaphor		0	prolong your days	Long days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “be able to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	22	8	yyd6	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	22	8	bt5j			0	a railing for your roof	a low fence around the edge of the roof so people will not fall off the roof
DEU	22	8	f2cy	figs-metonymy		0	so that you do not bring blood on your house	Blood is a symbol for death. Alternate translation: “so that it will not be the fault of your household if someone dies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	22	8	g9kr			0	if anyone falls from there	“if anyone falls from the roof because you did not make a railing”
DEU	22	9	c3ah	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	22	9	de7h	figs-metonymy		0	so that the whole harvest is not confiscated by the holy place	The words “holy place” is a metonym for the priests who work in the holy place. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that the priests in Yahweh’s holy place do not take away the whole harvest” or “so that you do not defile the whole harvest and the priests do not allow you to use it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	22	9	yx66			0	the yield of the vineyard	“the fruit that grows in the vineyard”
DEU	22	11	x3xx			0	wool	soft, curly hair that grows on a sheep
DEU	22	11	a4tf	translate-unknown		0	linen	thread made from the flax plant (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
DEU	22	12	f6fs	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	22	12	dlr4			0	fringes	threads that are bound together and hang from the end of each corner of the cloak
DEU	22	12	r2vr			0	the cloak	a long garment that a person wears over his other clothes
DEU	22	13	ej5s			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	22	13	bv6z	figs-euphemism		0	he goes in to her	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “he has sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
DEU	22	14	ir9k			0	then accuses her of shameful things	“then accuses her of having slept with someone before she was married”
DEU	22	14	qkl1	figs-abstractnouns		0	puts a bad reputation on her	The abstract noun “reputation” can be translated as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “makes other people think she is a bad person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
DEU	22	14	pd58	figs-euphemism		0	but when I came near to her	This is a polite way of saying “to have sexual relations with someone.” Alternate translation: “but when I slept with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
DEU	22	14	l34f			0	I found no proof of virginity in her	The abstract noun “proof” can be translated as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “she could not prove to me that she was a virgin”
DEU	22	15	m57e			0	General Information:	Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	22	15	k5i1	figs-abstractnouns		0	must take proof of her virginity	The abstract nouns “proof” and “virginity” can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “must take something that proves that she has never had sexual relations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
DEU	22	16	vy46			0	General Information:	Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	22	17	i7ju	figs-explicit		0	he has accused her of shameful things	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “he has accused her of having slept with someone before he married her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	22	17	m954	figs-abstractnouns		0	I did not find in your daughter the proof of virginity	The abstract nouns “proof” and “virginity” can be translated as verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “Your daughter could not prove that she has never had sexual relations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
DEU	22	17	bhe3	figs-abstractnouns		0	But here is the proof of my daughter’s virginity	The abstract nouns “proof” and “virginity” can be translated as verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “But this proves that my daughter has never had sexual relations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
DEU	22	17	sdd9	figs-explicit		0	Then they will spread the garment out before the elders of the city	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “And then the mother and father will show the clothing with the bloodstain to the elders as proof that she was a virgin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	22	18	q13n			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	22	19	c6dg			0	they must fine him	“they must make him pay as a punishment”
DEU	22	19	j3h6	translate-bmoney		0	one hundred shekels	“100 shekels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU	22	19	njg8			0	give them to the father of the girl	“give the money to the father of the girl”
DEU	22	19	q46p	figs-abstractnouns		0	has caused a bad reputation for a virgin of Israel	The abstract noun “reputation” can be translated as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “has caused people to think that a virgin of Israel is a bad person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
DEU	22	19	w6zh			0	he may not send her away	“never allow him to divorce her”
DEU	22	19	sb61	figs-idiom		0	during all his days	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “for his entire life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	22	20	u7al			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	22	20	b2ml			0	But if this thing is true	“But if it is true” or “But if what the man said is true”
DEU	22	20	h9vv	figs-activepassive		0	that the proof of virginity was not found in the girl	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that the man did not find proof that the girl was a virgin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	22	20	ut1j	figs-abstractnouns		0	the proof of virginity	The abstract nouns “proof” and “virginity” can be translated as verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “something that proves that the girl has never had sexual relations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
DEU	22	21	u35w			0	then they must bring out the girl	“then the elders must bring out the girl”
DEU	22	21	tr69			0	stone her to death with stones	“throw stones at her until she dies”
DEU	22	21	r68j			0	because she has committed a disgraceful action in Israel	“because she has done a disgraceful thing in Israel”
DEU	22	21	lq2i			0	to act as a harlot in her father’s house	“acting like a harlot while living in her father’s house”
DEU	22	21	n3u5	figs-nominaladj		0	you will remove the evil	The adjective “evil” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “you must remove from among the Israelites the person who does this evil thing” or “you must execute this evil person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
DEU	22	22	tr9p	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	22	22	gj36	figs-activepassive		0	If a man is found	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If someone finds a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	22	22	jwc2	figs-euphemism		0	lying with	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “having sexual relations with” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
DEU	22	22	td33			0	and you will remove	“in this way you will remove”
DEU	22	23	a6yj	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	22	23	gh34			0	engaged to a man	“who is promised to marry a man”
DEU	22	23	qw6x	figs-euphemism		0	lies with her	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “has sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
DEU	22	24	pa9s	figs-you		0	take…and stone	These commands are addressed to Israel as a group and so are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	22	24	y57q			0	take both of them	“then you must bring both the girl and the man who slept with her”
DEU	22	24	imu5			0	because she did not cry out	“because she did not call for help”
DEU	22	24	h5rb	figs-explicit		0	because he violated his neighbor’s wife	The Israelites at that time thought of a man and woman who had engaged each other for marriage as husband and wife. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “because he slept with a girl who belongs to a fellow Israelite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	22	24	h8jh	figs-nominaladj		0	you will remove the evil from among you	The adjective “evil” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “you must remove from among the Israelites the person who does this evil thing” or “you must execute this evil person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
DEU	22	25	bbb7			0	the engaged girl	a girl whose parents have agreed to let her marry a certain man, but she has not married him yet
DEU	22	25	g61l	figs-euphemism		0	lies with her	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “has sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
DEU	22	25	y33y			0	then only the man who lies with her must die	“then you must only kill the man who lay with her”
DEU	22	26	x3q2			0	there is no sin worthy of death in the girl	“you are not to punish her by killing her for what she did”
DEU	22	26	xrs6			0	For this case is like when a man attacks his neighbor and kills him	“Because this situation is like the situation when somebody attacks another person and kills him”
DEU	22	27	qqe5			0	For he found her in the field	“Because the man found the girl working in the field”
DEU	22	28	s17p			0	but who is not engaged	“but whose parents have not promised another man that she will marry him”
DEU	22	28	i4cs	figs-euphemism		0	lies with her	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “has sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
DEU	22	28	m9ah	figs-activepassive		0	if they are discovered	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if somebody finds out what happened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	22	29	tr9z	translate-bmoney		0	fifty shekels of silver	A shekel weighs eleven grams. Alternate translation: “fifty pieces of silver” or “550 grams of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU	22	29	yb82	figs-idiom		0	He may not send her away during all his days	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “He must never divorce her during his entire life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	22	30	hh8b	figs-explicit		0	must not take his father’s wife as his own	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “must not marry his father’s former wife, even if she is not his mother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	23	intro	rn7c			0		# Deuteronomy 23 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The assembly of Yahweh<br>This was probably the corporate worship of Yahweh, when the people would come together to worship him.<br><br>### Racial superiority<br>Yahweh viewed Israel as superior to the other nations of Canaan. In many cultures, this may be seen as immoral. It must be remembered that the instructions of this chapter are very remote from the modern world. These people groups were always sinful and idolatrous. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
DEU	23	1	r8v9			0	man injured by crushing or cutting off	“man whose private body parts someone has crushed or cut off”
DEU	23	1	z8kb	figs-idiom		0	may enter the assembly of Yahweh	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “may be a full member of the Israelite community” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	23	2	j67e			0	illegitimate child	Possible meanings are (1) a child born to parents who committed incest or adultery or (2) a child born to a prostitute.
DEU	23	2	eh16	translate-ordinal		0	as far as to the tenth generation of his descendants	This “tenth” is the ordinal number for ten. Alternate translation: “even after ten generations of the illegitimate child’s descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
DEU	23	2	i3u2			0	none of them	“none of these descendants”
DEU	23	3	zk3j	figs-idiom		0	may not belong to the assembly of Yahweh	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “may not be a full member of the Israelite community” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	23	3	upu4	translate-ordinal		0	as far as to the tenth generation of his descendants	This “tenth”is the ordinal number for ten. Alternate translation: “even after ten generations of his descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
DEU	23	4	sk15	figs-explicit		0	they did not meet you with bread and with water	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “they did not welcome you by bringing you food and drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	23	4	l814	figs-you		0	against you…curse you	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	23	5	nd5k	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	23	5	zpa9	figs-idiom		0	would not listen	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “did not pay attention” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	23	5	ag3p			0	turned the curse into a blessing for you	“had him bless you and not curse you”
DEU	23	6	nk42			0	You must never seek their peace or prosperity	Possible meanings are (1) “You should never make a peace treaty with the Ammonites and the Moabites” or (2) “You must not do anything to cause things to go well for those 2 people groups to enable them to prosper” .
DEU	23	6	nxp6	figs-idiom		0	during all your days	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “as long as you are a nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	23	7	erl6	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	23	7	pb1s			0	You must not detest an Edomite	“Do not hate an Edomite”
DEU	23	7	p79b			0	for he is your brother	“because he is your relative”
DEU	23	7	alf8			0	you must not abhor an Egyptian	“do not hate an Egyptian”
DEU	23	8	iwm4	translate-ordinal		0	The descendants of the third generation that are born to them may belong to the assembly of Yahweh	This “third” is the ordinal number for three. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “If an Edomite or an Egyptian comes to live in the Israelite community, his grandchildren may become full members of that community” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	23	9	ffs3	figs-you		0	When you march out as an army against your enemies, then you must keep yourselves	Moses speaks here to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	23	9	v59w			0	against your enemies	“to fight against your enemies”
DEU	23	9	m73w			0	keep yourselves from every evil thing	“keep yourselves away from all bad things”
DEU	23	10	fmm7	figs-euphemism		0	any man who is unclean because of what happened to him at night	This is a polite way of saying that he had an emission of semen. Alternate translation: “any man who is unclean because he had an emission of semen while he was asleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
DEU	23	12	myh9	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	23	13	pw1i			0	you will have something among your tools to dig with	“you should have a tool that you can use to dig with”
DEU	23	13	sn2i	figs-euphemism		0	when you squat down to relieve yourself	This is a polite way of saying to defecate. Alternate translation: “when you squat down to defecate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
DEU	23	13	k6ti			0	you must dig with it	“you must dig a hole with the tool”
DEU	23	13	mq5j			0	cover up what has come out from you	“cover up your excrement”
DEU	23	14	j9zn			0	so that he may not see any unclean thing among you	“so that Yahweh may not see any unclean thing among you”
DEU	23	15	ba2u	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	23	15	cfk6	figs-explicit		0	a slave who has escaped from his master	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “a slave from another country who escaped from his master and came to Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	23	16	c3m8			0	Let him live with you	“Let the slave live among your people”
DEU	23	17	kr1e	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	23	17	cmz6	figs-euphemism		0	cultic prostitute…among any of the daughters…among the sons	Possible meanings are that Moses (1) openly forbids women and men to perform sexual acts as part of temple service or (2) uses a euphemism to forbid women and men to perform sexual acts to receive money. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
DEU	23	18	i3pv			0	You must not bring the wages of a prostitute…into the house	“A woman who earns money as a prostitute must not bring that money…into the house”
DEU	23	18	cdx2			0	a dog	a man who allows men to have sex with him for money
DEU	23	18	p7wu			0	into the house of Yahweh your God	“into the temple”
DEU	23	18	nqe5			0	for any vow	“to fulfill a vow”
DEU	23	18	dw4f			0	both these	the wages of a female prostitute and of a male prostitute.
DEU	23	19	ad32	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	23	19	f1z2			0	lend on interest	to lend to somebody and force that person to pay back more than was lent
DEU	23	19	z4pg			0	interest of money…anything that is lent on interest	“you must not charge interest when you lend somebody money, food, or anything else”
DEU	23	20	ubn8	figs-idiom		0	all that you put your hand to	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “all that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	23	21	nbs8	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	23	21	q8a9			0	you must not be slow in fulfilling it	“you must not take a long time to fulfill the vow”
DEU	23	21	cns1			0	for Yahweh your God will surely require it of you	“because Yahweh your God will blame you and punish you if you do not fulfill your vow”
DEU	23	22	g92k	figs-explicit		0	But if you will refrain from making a vow, it will be no sin for you	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “But, if you do not make a vow, you will not sin because you will not have a vow to fulfill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	23	23	d5bw	figs-idiom		0	That which has gone out from your lips	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “The words you have spoken” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	23	23	mp5l			0	according as you have vowed to Yahweh your God	“whatever you have vowed to Yahweh your God that you will do”
DEU	23	23	cj72			0	anything that you have freely promised with your mouth	“anything that people have heard you promise to do because you wanted to do it”
DEU	23	23	qm3v			0	with your mouth	“so that people heard you say it”
DEU	23	24	gy1x	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	23	24	wy4l			0	you may eat as many grapes as you desire	“then you may enjoy eating grapes until you are full”
DEU	23	24	ris3	figs-explicit		0	but do not put any in your basket	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “but you may not put any grapes in your bag to take them away with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	23	25	em5k			0	When you go into your neighbor’s ripe grain	“When you walk through your neighbor’s field where there is grain growing”
DEU	23	25	v1t5			0	you may pluck the heads of grain with your hand	“then you may eat the kernels of grain with your hand”
DEU	23	25	jv7v			0	but do not put a sickle to your neighbor’s ripe grain	“but do not cut down your neighbor’s ripe grain and take it with you”
DEU	23	25	q13q			0	sickle	a sharp tool that farmers use to harvest wheat
DEU	24	intro	l5h3			0		# Deuteronomy 24 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br>This chapter continues the teaching about how to maintain justice in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “No man may take a mill or an upper millstone as a pledge”<br>A millstone was the way a person made a living. To take a person’s millstone was to take away the way they earned money and produced food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>### Lending money<br>Lending money to fellow Israelites was a way to help them out. It was not intended to be a way to make money off their brothers. This chapter gives limitations regarding the lending of money.
DEU	24	1	fn1d			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	24	1	t3lr	figs-doublet		0	When a man takes a wife and marries her	The phrases “takes a wife” and “marries her” mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “When a man marries a woman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU	24	1	a5ki	figs-synecdoche		0	if she finds no favor in his eyes	Here the “eyes” represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “if he decides that he does not like her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	24	1	bk83			0	because he has found some unsuitable thing in her	“because for some reason he has decided that he does not want to keep her”
DEU	24	1	t5b8			0	he must write her a certificate of divorce	“he must give his wife an official paper saying that they are not married anymore”
DEU	24	2	s8m8			0	she may go and be another man’s wife	“she may go and marry another man”
DEU	24	3	i2hq	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel about a woman who gets a divorce and marries another man. Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	24	3	x5th			0	If the second husband hates her	“If the second husband decides that he hates the woman”
DEU	24	3	n5zv			0	certificate of divorce	This is an official paper saying that the man and woman are not married anymore. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 24:1](../24/01.md).
DEU	24	3	fwe1			0	puts it into her hand	“gives it to the woman”
DEU	24	4	pjf5	figs-explicit		0	after she has become impure	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “after she has become unclean by the divorce and remarriage to another man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	24	4	wx6u	figs-personification		0	You must not cause the land to become guilty	The land is spoken of as if it could sin. Alternate translation: “You must not spread guilt around in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
DEU	24	5	k6dj			0	General Information:	Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	24	5	kq76			0	When a man takes a new wife	“When a man is newly married to a woman”
DEU	24	5	e825	figs-activepassive		0	neither may he be commanded to go on any forced duty	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and no one is to force him to live away from his home and do any kind of work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	24	5	r7e9			0	he will be free to be at home	“he will be free to live at home”
DEU	24	6	ug4c			0	mill	a tool for making flour by grinding grain in between two heavy discs of stone
DEU	24	6	uas9			0	upper millstone	the top disc of stone in a mill
DEU	24	6	sp1u	figs-metonymy		0	for that would be taking a person’s life as a pledge	The word “life” is a metonym for what a person needs to keep himself alive. Alternate translation: “because he would be taking from the man what the man needs to make food for his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	24	7	pj12	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	24	7	q93t	figs-idiom		0	If a man is found kidnapping	This is an idiom for “If a man kidnaps.” It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If you find a man kidnapping” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	24	7	mk1d			0	kidnapping	using physical force to take an innocent person away from his home and imprison him
DEU	24	7	zk84			0	any of his brothers from among the people of Israel	“any of his fellow Israelites”
DEU	24	7	e6gc			0	that thief must die	“then other Israelites should kill that thief as a punishment for what he did”
DEU	24	7	jx4a	figs-nominaladj		0	you will remove the evil from among you	The adjective “evil” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “you must remove from among the Israelites the person who does this evil thing” or “you must execute this evil person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
DEU	24	8	xl5c			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	24	8	s2sl	figs-you		0	Take heed…you carefully observe	Moses speaks to the Israelites here as if they were one man, so the word “you” and the command “take heed” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	24	8	a4y7			0	Take heed regarding any plague of leprosy	“Pay attention if you suffer from leprosy” or “Pay attention if you have leprosy”
DEU	24	8	g4nu	figs-activepassive		0	every instruction given to you which the priests, the Levites, teach you	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “all of the instructions that I have given you and that the priests, who are Levites, teach you to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	24	8	bq6f	figs-you		0	teach you…you will act	Moses here speaks to the Israelites as a group, so these instances of the word “you” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	24	8	ha1s			0	as I commanded them, so you will act	“you must make sure that you do exactly what I have commanded them”
DEU	24	8	gr6s			0	commanded them	The word “them” refers to the priests, who are Levites.
DEU	24	9	dz97	figs-you		0	Call to mind what Yahweh your God	Moses speaks to the Israelites here as if they were one man, so the word “your” and the command “call to mind” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	24	9	svp3	figs-you		0	you were coming out	Moses here speaks to the Israelites as a group, so the word “you” is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	24	9	rhd1	figs-idiom		0	Call to mind	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	24	9	ue24			0	as you were coming out of Egypt	“during the time when you were leaving Egypt”
DEU	24	10	g9z2	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	24	10	p9qp			0	When you make your neighbor any kind of loan	“When you loan something to your neighbor”
DEU	24	10	dgw3			0	to fetch his pledge	“to take his pledge”
DEU	24	10	t462			0	his pledge	This refers to what he has promised that he would give you if he did not pay back the loan.
DEU	24	11	l4zm			0	You will stand outside	“You should wait outside his house”
DEU	24	12	igs8	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	24	12	p99v			0	you must not lie down to sleep with his pledge in your possession	“you must not keep his coat overnight” or “you must return his pledge before you lie down to sleep”
DEU	24	12	ub2f			0	his pledge	This refers to what he has promised that he would give you if he did not pay back the loan. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 24:10](../24/10.md).
DEU	24	13	ak4z			0	restore to him the pledge	“give him back what he has given you to show that he will pay back the loan”
DEU	24	13	b8d7	figs-explicit		0	so that he may sleep in his cloak and bless you	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “so that he will have his coat to keep himself warm when he sleeps, and he will be grateful to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	24	13	rg78			0	cloak	This is a coat or other clothing that keeps a person warm at night. This was probably the “pledge” Moses was speaking of in [Deuteronomy 24:10-12](./10.md).
DEU	24	13	ju2d			0	it will be righteousness for you before Yahweh your God	“Yahweh your God will approve of the way you handled this matter”
DEU	24	14	wp93	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	24	14	w8gq			0	You must not oppress a hired servant	“You must not treat a hired servant poorly”
DEU	24	14	lbh8			0	hired servant	a person who gets paid daily for his work
DEU	24	14	siq5	figs-doublet		0	poor and needy	These two words have similar meanings and emphasize that this is a person who cannot help himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU	24	14	pkc6	figs-synecdoche		0	within your city gates	Here “city gates” mean towns or cities. Alternate translation: “in one of your cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	24	15	msa8			0	Each day you must give him his wage	“You should give the man the money he earns every single day”
DEU	24	15	en53	figs-idiom		0	the sun must not go down on this unsettled matter	This is an idiom. The Israelites considered the new day as starting when the sun went down. Alternate translation: “you should pay the man on the same day he does the work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	24	15	qhi5	figs-explicit		0	for he is poor and is counting on it	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “because he is poor and depends on his wages to buy his food for the next day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	24	15	e1ry			0	he does not cry out against you to Yahweh	“he does not call out to Yahweh and ask him to punish you”
DEU	24	16	f9w8	figs-activepassive		0	The parents must not be put to death for their children	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must not execute the parents because of something bad that one of their children did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	24	16	dm6q	figs-activepassive		0	neither must the children be put to death for their parents	This can be stated in active form, Alternate translation: “and you must not execute the children because of something bad that their parents did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	24	16	kpm3	figs-activepassive		0	everyone must be put to death for his own sin	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you should only execute a person because of something bad that he did himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	24	17	jt5p	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	24	17	v5c5	figs-metaphor		0	You must not use force to take away the justice that is due the foreigner or the fatherless	Moses speaks of justice as if it were a physical object that a stronger person can violently pull away from a weaker person. Alternate translation: “You must not treat a foreigner or the fatherless unfairly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	24	17	p5g1			0	fatherless	This refers to children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them.
DEU	24	17	e6gp	figs-explicit		0	nor take the widow’s cloak as a pledge	A lender would take something from the borrower to ensure that she would pay him back. He was not allowed to take her coat because she needed it to stay warm. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “and do not take a widow’s cloak as a pledge because she needs it to stay warm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	24	18	w91c	figs-idiom		0	call to mind	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	24	19	x6d4	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	24	19	t9e2			0	When you reap your harvest in your field	“When you cut down the grain in your field”
DEU	24	19	im2p			0	an omer of grain	Some versions translate this as “a sheaf.” Either translation refers to stalks of grain, enough to be easily carried, possibly tied in a bundle.
DEU	24	19	nzd1	figs-ellipsis		0	it must be for the foreigner, for the fatherless, or for the widow	You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “you must leave the sheaf so a foreigner, an orphan, or a widow can take it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
DEU	24	19	xe9h	figs-synecdoche		0	in all the work of your hands	Here “hands” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “in all the work that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	24	20	e142	figs-ellipsis		0	When you shake your olive tree	You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “When you shake the branches of your olive tree, causing the olives to fall to the ground so you can pick them up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
DEU	24	20	e66f			0	you must not go over the branches again	“do not pick every single olive from the tree”
DEU	24	20	e3tn	figs-ellipsis		0	it will be for the foreigner, for the fatherless, or for the widow	You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “the olives that stay on the branches are for foreigners, orphans, and widows to pick and take with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
DEU	24	21	qg17	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	24	21	h98g			0	What is left over will be for the foreigner, for the fatherless, and for the widow	“The grapes that you do not pick will be for the foreigner, the fatherless, and the widow to pick”
DEU	24	21	qsd7	figs-genericnoun		0	for the foreigner, for the fatherless, and for the widow	These refer to groups of people. Alternate translation: “for foreigners, for those who are fatherless, and for the widows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
DEU	24	22	jte9	figs-idiom		0	call to mind	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	25	intro	e9vi			0		# Deuteronomy 25 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues to teach about justice in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “A perfect and just weight you must have”<br>In the ancient Near East, money was weighted on a scale. If a persons weight was off, they were robbing people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	25	1	kk1l			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	25	2	m44y	figs-activepassive		0	If the guilty man deserves to be beaten	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If the judge orders them to beat the guilty man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	25	2	b3ki	figs-activepassive		0	be beaten in his presence	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will watch them beat him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	25	2	iku9			0	with the ordered number of blows, as was his crime	“the number of times he has ordered because of the bad deed he did”
DEU	25	3	ytf3			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	25	3	e1n2	translate-numbers		0	The judge may give him forty blows	“The judge may say that they should beat the guilty person 40 times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU	25	3	p5e2			0	but he may not exceed that number	“but the judge may not order them to beat him more than 40 times”
DEU	25	3	n2km			0	for if he should exceed that number and beat him with many more blows	“because if the judge orders them to beat him many more than 40 times”
DEU	25	3	l8ju	figs-activepassive		0	then your fellow Israelite would be humiliated before your eyes	This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “then the judge would humiliate your fellow Israelite in front of all of the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	25	3	s8b7	figs-synecdoche		0	humiliated before your eyes	Here the people are represented by their “eyes” to emphasize what they see. Alternate translation: “humiliated, and you would all see it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	25	4	zw1w			0	You must not muzzle the ox	“You must not put something over the mouth of an ox”
DEU	25	4	jy42			0	when he treads out the grain	while he separates the grain from the chaff by walking on it or dragging heavy wood over it
DEU	25	5	w7si			0	General Information:	Moses is still speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	25	5	a1gx			0	If brothers live together	Possible meanings are: (1) “If brothers live on the same property” or (2) “If brothers live near each other.”
DEU	25	5	e3vx	figs-activepassive		0	then the wife of the dead man must not be married off to someone	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “then the family of the dead man must not let the widow marry someone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	25	5	y2p8	figs-euphemism		0	shall go in to her	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “shall have sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
DEU	25	5	j4zw			0	do the duty of a husband’s brother to her	“do what the brother of a dead husband is supposed to do”
DEU	25	6	tf4h	figs-metonymy		0	will succeed in the name of that man’s dead brother	The word “name” is a metonym for the person’s family line. Alternate translation: “will continue the family line of that man’s dead brother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	25	6	d4l7	figs-metonymy		0	so that his name will not perish from Israel	The word “name” is a metonym for the person’s family line. Alternate translation: “so that his family line will not disappear from Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	25	7	clc2			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	25	7	hf36	figs-explicit		0	must go up to the gate to the elders	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “must go up to the city gate where the elders judge cases” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	25	7	v965	figs-metonymy		0	refuses to raise up for his brother a name	Here “name” refers to the memory of someone through his descendants. Alternate translation: “refuses to give his brother a son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	25	7	d9aj			0	he will not perform the duty of a husband’s brother to me	“he will not do what a husband’s brother is supposed to do and marry me”
DEU	25	8	sx4h			0	I do not wish to take her	“I do not wish to marry her”
DEU	25	9	wrp9			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	25	9	d6jx			0	must come up to him in the presence of the elders	“must walk up close to him with the elders there watching”
DEU	25	9	e9kq	figs-metonymy		0	who does not build up his brother’s house	Here “house” is a metonym for the family. Alternate translation: “who does not give his brother a son and continue his brother’s family line” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	25	10	py4m			0	His name will be called in Israel	“People in Israel will know his family as”
DEU	25	10	hsh9	figs-explicit		0	The house of him whose sandal has been taken off	Here removing the sandal symbolizes that the brother would not receive any of the property of his dead brother. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The house of him whose sandal his brother’s widow took off his foot” or “The family of a man who did not marry the wife of his dead brother” or “The family whom everyone despises” or “The family who is shameful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	25	11	qu3t	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	25	11	fd81	figs-metonymy		0	out of the hand of him who struck him	Here “hand” refers to power or control. Alternate translation: “so the one who struck him will not strike him again” or “from the man who hit him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	25	12	lc9r	figs-synecdoche		0	your eye must have no pity	Here “eye” means the whole person. Alternate translation: “you should not feel sorry for her” or “you must not show her mercy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	25	13	m4mm	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	25	13	bt47	figs-explicit		0	You must not have in your bag different weights, a large and a small	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. You can also make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “You must not cheat people by using a weight that is larger than you say it is when you buy things and by using a weight that is smaller than you say it is when you sell things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
DEU	25	13	q2yv			0	weights	Weights were stones used on a balance to determine how much something weighs
DEU	25	14	bt5b	figs-explicit		0	You must not have in your house different measures, a large and a small	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. You can also make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “You must not cheat people by using a measure that is larger than you say it is when you buy things and by using a measure that is smaller than you say it is when you sell things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
DEU	25	14	n9g6			0	measures	A measure was a basket or other container for measuring how much there is of something.
DEU	25	15	q2jf	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel about using fair weights and measures when buying and selling. He speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	25	15	emm1			0	A perfect and just	“A correct and fair”
DEU	25	15	h3e2			0	weight…measure	See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 25:13](../25/13.md).
DEU	25	15	lu1x	figs-idiom		0	your days may be long	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you may live for a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	25	16	xsn1			0	For all who do such things, all that act unrighteously	“because everyone who cheats people by using different sized weights and measures”
DEU	25	17	za5v	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so except where noted the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	25	17	fs1s	figs-idiom		0	Call to mind what Amalek did to you	This is an idiom, and “Amalek” is a metonym for the Amelikite people. Alternate translation: “Remember what the Amalekites did to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	25	17	y9yn	figs-you		0	as you came out	The word “you” here is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	25	18	yp1n			0	how he met you on the road	“how they met you along the way”
DEU	25	18	h41g			0	attacked those of you at the rear	“attacked those of your people who were in the back of the line”
DEU	25	18	f2uv			0	all who were feeble in your rear	“all the people who were weak in the back of the line”
DEU	25	18	bv3r	figs-doublet		0	faint and weary	These words have similar meanings and emphasize how tired the people were. Alternate translation: “tired and exhausted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU	25	18	ig25	figs-explicit		0	he did not honor God	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “he was not afraid of God’s punishment” or “he did not respect God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	25	19	gv8d			0	you must blot out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven	“you must kill all of the Amalekites so that nobody will remember them anymore”
DEU	26	intro	t97p			0		# Deuteronomy 26 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter recalls the great events of Israel’s history when Yahweh brought them out of Egypt.
DEU	26	1	yl9f	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	26	2	epa3	translate-ordinal		0	some of the first of all the harvest	“some of the first fruits of the harvest” or “some of the first crops of the harvest.” This “first” is the ordinal number for one. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
DEU	26	3	wq9z	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	26	5	u2nt	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	26	5	tpv8			0	My ancestor was a wandering Aramean	This is the beginning of the statement that the Israelite male should make when bringing his basket.
DEU	26	5	tq54			0	a wandering Aramean	This refers to Jacob, who was the ancestor of all the Israelites. He lived for many years in Aram-Nahairam, a region located in Syria.
DEU	26	5	k6c8			0	stayed there	“lived the rest of his life there”
DEU	26	5	fi9k	figs-metonymy		0	There he became	The word “he” is a metonym for “Jacob’s descendants.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	26	5	bu5w	figs-doublet		0	a great, mighty	These words mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that Israel became a large and powerful nation. Alternate translation: “very great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU	26	6	i527			0	General Information:	This continues what the Israelite must say when he brings his first crops to Yahweh.
DEU	26	6	ujn6	figs-doublet		0	treated us badly and afflicted us	These two phrases say basically the same thing. They emphasize that the Egyptians acted very harshly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU	26	6	c31y	figs-exclusive		0	treated us	Here “us” refers to the people of Israel that were living in Egypt. The speaker includes himself as one of the people whether he lived in Egypt or not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
DEU	26	7	yr33	figs-metonymy		0	he heard our voice	Here “voice” refers to the whole person and his cries or prayers. Alternate translation: “he heard our cries” or “he heard our prayers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	26	7	g82f			0	our affliction, our labor, and our oppression	“that the Egyptians were afflicting us, that we were doing very hard work, and that the Egyptians were oppressing us”
DEU	26	8	c2ae			0	General Information:	This continues what the Israelite must say when he brings his first crops to Yahweh.
DEU	26	8	bl9x	figs-exclusive		0	Yahweh brought us	Here “us” refers to the people of Israel that were living in Egypt. The speaker includes himself as one of the people whether he lived in Egypt or not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
DEU	26	8	qdu1	figs-metaphor		0	with a mighty hand, with an outstretched arm	Here “a mighty hand” and “an outstretched arm” are metaphors for Yahweh’s power. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:34](../04/34.md). Alternate translation: “by showing his mighty power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	26	8	r6wp			0	with great fearsomeness	“with acts that terrified the people who saw them”
DEU	26	9	e5yf			0	a land that flows with milk and honey	This is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:3](../06/03.md). Alternate translation: “a land where plenty of milk and honey flow” or “a land that is excellent for cattle and farming”
DEU	26	10	w7qd	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues telling the Israelites what they must say when they bring theire first crops to Yahweh. He speaks to them as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	26	10	i91e			0	first of the harvest	“first fruits of the harvest” or “first crops of the harvest”
DEU	26	10	w4db			0	You must set it down	“You must set the basket down.”
DEU	26	11	n6y8			0	you must rejoice in all the good that Yahweh your God has done for you	“you must rejoice and be grateful for all the good things that Yahweh your God has done for you”
DEU	26	12	m35u	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	26	12	hy2p	translate-ordinal		0	in the third year	This “third” is the ordinal number for three. Every three years the people of Israel gave a tenth of the harvest to the poor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
DEU	26	12	whv6			0	fatherless	These are children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them.
DEU	26	12	qtq6			0	widow	This means a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her now that she is old.
DEU	26	12	w7jj	figs-synecdoche		0	eat within your city gates and be filled	Here “gates” means towns or cities. Alternate translation: “so that those within your towns may have enough food to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	26	13	m9iv			0	I have brought out of	These are the first words of another statement that the Israelite was supposed to say.
DEU	26	13	br99			0	neither have I forgotten them	This means that he has obeyed all of God’s commandments.
DEU	26	14	ptc4			0	General Information:	This continues what the Israelite must say to Yahweh when he gives his tithe to the poor.
DEU	26	14	u6sj			0	I have not eaten any of it in my mourning	“I have not eaten any of the tithe while I was mourning”
DEU	26	14	at8m	figs-explicit		0	when I was impure	Here “impure” means the person is unclean according to the Law. God does not allow an unclean person to touch the tithe he is giving to God. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “when I was unclean according to the Law” or “when the law says I cannot touch it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	26	14	i6zz	figs-metonymy		0	I have listened to the voice of Yahweh my God; I have obeyed everything you have commanded me to do	Here “voice of Yahweh” is a metonym for what Yahweh says. Both statements share similar meanings. They emphasize that the person has obeyed all of God’s commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	26	15	q1e2	figs-doublet		0	from the holy place where you live, from heaven	These two phrases mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “from heaven, your holy dwelling place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU	26	15	y7c5			0	a land flowing with milk and honey	This is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:3](../06/03.md). Alternate translation: “a land where plenty of milk and honey flow” or “a land that is excellent for cattle and farming”
DEU	26	16	q8i6	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	26	16	lvb6	figs-metonymy		0	with all your heart and with all your soul	Here “heart” and “soul” are metonyms for a person’s inner being. These two phrases are used together to mean “completely” or “earnestly.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU	26	17	v3dx	figs-parallelism		0	that you will walk in his ways and keep his statutes, his commandments, and his decrees, and that you will listen to his voice	The words “walk,” “keep,” and “listen” have similar meanings here. Here “voice” refers to what God has said. Alternate translation: “that you will completely obey everything Yahweh commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	26	18	c7hk	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	26	18	wri1			0	a people who are his own possession	“a people who belong to him”
DEU	26	19	q8jb	figs-idiom		0	he will set you high above	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he will make you more important than” or “he will make you greater than” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	26	19	p58x			0	he will set you high above all the other nations that he has made, and you will receive praise, fame, and honor	Possible meanings are (1) “he will cause you to become greater than any other nation that he has established, and he will enable you to praise him and honor him” or (2) “he will have people praise you more than they praise every other nation that he has made; people will say that you are better than any other nation, and they will honor you.”
DEU	26	19	lg4i	figs-metaphor		0	You will be a people that is set apart to Yahweh your God	Yahweh choosing the people of Israel to belong to him in a special way is spoken of as if Yahweh set them apart from all other nations. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God will set you apart from other nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	27	intro	uy69			0		# Deuteronomy 27 General Notes<br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### “May the man be cursed”<br>This phrase is repeated several times in this chapter. This parallelism serves as a warning to the Israelites when they will live in the Promised Land. This is part of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
DEU	27	1	mu7e	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so except where noted, the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	27	1	ya1q	figs-you		0	command you today	Moses is speaking to the Israelites as a group, so the word “you” is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	27	1	g7rq			0	I command	Here “I” refers to Moses. The elders are there in agreement with Moses, but he is the only one speaking.
DEU	27	2	yul5	figs-you		0	you will pass	Moses is speaking to the Israelites as a group, so the word “you” is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	27	2	c7s3	figs-explicit		0	plaster them with plaster	Plaster is usually a mixture of lime, sand, and water that is spread on something. It dries to form a hard, smooth surface on which a person can write. Alternate translation: “spread plaster on them” or “make them so you can write on them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	27	3	yd13	figs-idiom		0	a land flowing with milk and honey	This is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:3](../06/03.md). Alternate translation: “a land where plenty of milk and honey flow” or “a land that is excellent for cattle and farming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	27	4	rjy8	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	27	4	l6gl	figs-you		0	you have passed…set up…I am commanding you	Moses is addressing the Israelites as a group, so the instances of “you” and the command “set up” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	27	4	gk8x			0	plaster them with plaster	“spread plaster on them” or “make them so you can write on them.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:2](../27/02.md).
DEU	27	4	vvi2			0	Mount Ebal	This is a mountain near Shechem. See how you translated it in [Deuteronomy 11:29](../11/29.md).
DEU	27	5	ebq3	figs-explicit		0	you must raise no iron tool to work the stones	This refers to the chisels that would make the stones smoother, in order that they might fit together better. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “you will not shape the altar stones with iron tools” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	27	6	c115	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	27	6	y47u			0	unworked stones	stones in their natural shape that no one has shaped with metal tools
DEU	27	8	fa2n			0	write on the stones	This refers to the stones they were to set up on Mount Ebal and cover with plaster. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:2](../27/02.md) and [Deuteronomy 27:4](./04.md).
DEU	27	9	dv5w	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	27	10	q49w	figs-metonymy		0	obey the voice of Yahweh your God	Here the metonym “voice of Yahweh” refers to what he says. Alternate translation: “obey what Yahweh your God says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	27	10	f9l6			0	I am commanding	Moses is commanding. The Levites are there in agreement with Moses, but he is the only one speaking.
DEU	27	12	p66t	figs-metonymy		0	These tribes	Here the metonym “tribes” refers to the people from the tribes of Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, and Benjamin. Alternate translation: “The people from these tribes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	27	12	s7rz			0	Mount Gerizim	A small mountain north of Mount Ebal. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 11:29](../11/29.md).
DEU	27	12	rsu5			0	Joseph	This combines the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh, who were descendants of Joseph.
DEU	27	13	ax7s			0	Mount Ebal	See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 11:29](../11/29.md).
DEU	27	13	p9b6			0	pronounce curses	“say in a loud voice how Yahweh will curse Israel”
DEU	27	15	pp2u	figs-activepassive		0	May the man be cursed…sets it up in secret	This is the statement the Levites must shout to all the people of Israel. It may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh curse the person…sets it up in secret” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	27	15	ne2d	figs-idiom		0	the work of the hands of a craftsman	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “something a man has made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	27	15	jjw2			0	craftsman	a man who knows how to make things well
DEU	27	16	m7ef			0	General Information:	Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say.
DEU	27	16	igu1	figs-activepassive		0	May the man be cursed	This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh curse the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	27	17	api7	figs-explicit		0	who removes his neighbor’s landmark	The full meaning of the statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “who takes land away from his neighbor by moving the markers on the borders of his land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	27	18	s55n			0	General Information:	Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say.
DEU	27	18	f4in	figs-activepassive		0	May the man be cursed	This may be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:16](../27/16.md). Alternate translation: “May Yahweh curse the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	27	19	b9gc	figs-metaphor		0	uses force to take away the justice due to a foreigner…widow	Moses speaks of justice as if it were a physical object that a stronger person can violently pull away from a weaker person. Your language might have one word that means “use force to take away.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 24:17](../24/17.md). Alternate translation: “treats a foreigner…widow unfairly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	27	19	ed5u			0	fatherless	These are children whose parents have both died and do not have relatives to care for them.
DEU	27	19	cnk8			0	widow	This means a woman whose husband has died and has no children to care for her in her old age.
DEU	27	20	fzq9			0	General Information:	Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say.
DEU	27	20	s47r	figs-activepassive		0	May the man be cursed	This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:16](../27/16.md). Alternate translation: “May Yahweh curse the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	27	20	szg5			0	his father’s wife	This does not refer to the man’s mother, but another wife of his father.
DEU	27	20	jzl8	figs-explicit		0	he has taken away his father’s rights	When a man marries a woman, only he has the legal right to sleep with her. The full meaning of this statement may be made explicit. Alternate translation: “he has taken away his father’s legal rights” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	27	22	p8ac			0	General Information:	Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say.
DEU	27	22	zer5	figs-activepassive		0	May the man be cursed	This may be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:16](../27/16.md). Alternate translation: “May Yahweh curse the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	27	22	rhp9			0	the daughter of his father, or with the daughter of his mother	This means a man cannot sleep with his sister, even if she has a different mother or father.
DEU	27	24	q772			0	General Information:	Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say.
DEU	27	24	n57s	figs-activepassive		0	May the man be cursed	This may be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:16](../27/16.md). Alternate translation: “May Yahweh curse the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	27	26	mmv3			0	General Information:	Moses continues telling the Levites and the people what they must say.
DEU	27	26	z9xa	figs-activepassive		0	May the man be cursed	This may be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 27:16](../27/16.md). Alternate translation: “May Yahweh curse the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	28	intro	f2wv			0		# Deuteronomy 28 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Blessings and warnings<br>This chapter explains some of the blessings and warnings associated with Israel’s obedience to the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
DEU	28	1	cg2q	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	28	1	f13g	figs-metonymy		0	to the voice of Yahweh your God	Here the metonym “voice of Yahweh” refers to what he says. Alternate translation: “to what Yahweh your God says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	28	1	nmq7			0	so as to keep	“and obey”
DEU	28	1	gb5d	figs-metaphor		0	set you above	Moses speaks of being important or being great as if it were being physically higher, as on a higher hill. Alternate translation: “make you more important than” or “make you greater than” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	28	2	w8tx	figs-metaphor		0	All these blessings will come on you and overtake you	Moses describes the blessings as a person who would attack them by surprise or chase and catch them. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will bless you like this in ways that will completely surprise you, and it will be as if you cannot escape having him bless you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
DEU	28	3	wiv2	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	28	3	uv27	figs-activepassive		0	Blessed will you be	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will bless you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	28	3	z33g	figs-merism		0	in the city…in the field	This merism means that Yahweh will bless them everywhere. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
DEU	28	4	t3s8	figs-idiom		0	the fruit of your body, and the fruit of your ground, and the fruit of your beasts	These idioms for “your children, and your crops, and all your animals” form a merism for everything the Israelites valued. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
DEU	28	4	t45f	figs-doublet		0	the fruit of your beasts, the increase of your cattle, and the young of your flock	This doublet is three ways of saying that Yahweh will make the Israelites’ animals many and strong. Alternate translation: “all of your animals along with the calves of the cattle and the lambs of the flocks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU	28	5	w512	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	28	5	mk51	figs-activepassive		0	Blessed will be	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will bless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	28	5	lu31	figs-metonymy		0	your basket and your kneading trough	Israelites used a basket to carry grain. A “kneading trough” was a bowl they used to mix the grain and make bread. Alternate translation: “all the food you grow and all the food you eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	28	6	cm5f	figs-merism		0	when you come in…when you go out	This merism refers to all of life’s activities everywhere they go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
DEU	28	7	ky89	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	28	7	p5y5	figs-activepassive		0	cause your enemies who rise up against you to be struck down before you	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “cause you to defeat the armies that attack you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	28	7	u7a7			0	but will flee before you seven ways	“but they will run away from you in seven directions”
DEU	28	7	x6u8	figs-idiom		0	seven ways	This is an idiom. The actual number could be more or less than seven. Alternate translation: “in many different directions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	28	8	ppz6	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh will command the blessing to come on you in your barns	Moses describes Yahweh blessing the Israelites as if Yahweh were commanding a person to attack them by surprise. Alternate translation: “When Yahweh blesses you, you will be surprised by how much grain you have in your barns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
DEU	28	8	r2ab	figs-idiom		0	in all that you put your hand to	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “in everything you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	28	9	xw3n	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	28	9	a5t2	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh will establish you as a people that is set apart for himself	Yahweh choosing the people of Israel to belong to him in a special way is spoken of as if Yahweh put them in a place different from the place all other nations live in. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will make you a holy people that belongs to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	28	10	k3wc	figs-metonymy		0	you are called by the name of Yahweh	Here the metonym “called by the name of Yahweh” means belonging to him. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has called you his own” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	28	11	jw4n	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	28	11	i27w	figs-idiom		0	in the fruit of your body, in the fruit of your cattle, in the fruit of your ground	This is an idiom. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 28:4](../28/04.md). Alternate translation: “with children, animals, and crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	28	12	rc3i	figs-metaphor		0	his storehouse of the heavens	Moses speaks of the clouds from which the rain falls as if they were a building where he stores the rain. Alternate translation: “the clouds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	28	12	x3c1			0	at the right time	“when the crops need it”
DEU	28	12	lb4j	figs-synecdoche		0	all the work of your hand	The word “hand” is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “all the work that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	28	13	czu1	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	28	13	am9q	figs-metaphor		0	the head, and not the tail	This metaphor describes the nation of Israel as an animal and means the Israelites will always be the leaders over other nations and never the servants following behind them. The Israelites will be superior in power, money, and honor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	28	13	yc2s			0	will be only above…will never be beneath	The Israelites will rule over others but never have others rule them.
DEU	28	13	dhn1	figs-you		0	I am commanding you	Moses is speaking to all the Israelites, so the word “you” is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	28	14	ce8r	figs-metaphor		0	if you do not turn away from any of the words that I am commanding you today, to the right hand or to the left, so as to go after other gods to serve them	Disobeying Yahweh and worshiping other gods is spoken of as if a person physically turned and went in a different direction from Yahweh’s words. Alternate translation: “if you do not disobey what I am commanding you today by serving other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	28	15	k4bm	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	28	15	hi33			0	But if	Here Moses starts describing the curses the people will receive if they disobey.
DEU	28	15	x89v	figs-metonymy		0	the voice of Yahweh your God	Here the metonym “voice of Yahweh” means what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “what Yahweh your God is saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	28	15	g8p4	figs-metaphor		0	then all these curses will come on you and overtake you	Moses describes the curses as a person who would attack them by surprise or chase and catch them. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will curse you like this in ways that will completely surprise you, and it will be as if you cannot escape having him curse you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
DEU	28	15	xl16			0	come on you and overtake you	See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 28:2](../28/02.md).
DEU	28	16	gl2a	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	28	16	nf28	figs-activepassive		0	Cursed will you be	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will curse you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	28	16	rs5i	figs-merism		0	in the city…in the field	This merism means that Yahweh will bless them everywhere. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 28:3](../28/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
DEU	28	17	ii5p	figs-metonymy		0	your basket and your kneading trough	The Israelites used a basket to carry grain. A “kneading trough” was a bowl they used to mix the grain and make bread. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 28:5](../28/05.md). Alternate translation: “all the food you grow and all the food you eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	28	18	k7ip	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	28	18	nhd7	figs-activepassive		0	Cursed will be	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will curse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	28	18	ewg6	figs-idiom		0	the fruit of your body, the fruit of your ground	This is an idiom for “your children, your crops.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 28:4](../28/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	28	18	xsg2	figs-doublet		0	the increase of your cattle, and the young of your flock	This doublet is two ways of saying that Yahweh will make the Israelites’ animals many and strong. Alternate translation: “the calves of the cattle and the lambs of the flocks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU	28	19	mk23	figs-merism		0	when you come in…when you go out	This merism refers to all of life’s activities everywhere they go. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 28:6](../28/06.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
DEU	28	20	p97u	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	28	20	m9t5			0	curses, confusion, and rebukes	“disasters, fear, and frustration”
DEU	28	20	bcy3	figs-idiom		0	in all that you put your hand to	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “in everything you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	28	20	srg3	figs-activepassive		0	until you are destroyed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “until your enemies destroy you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	28	20	sy2b			0	forsaken me	Here “me” refers to Yahweh.
DEU	28	21	sup8			0	cling to you	“remain on you”
DEU	28	22	tj8c	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	28	22	c1zz			0	infectious diseases, with fever, with inflammation	“diseases and burning fevers that will make you weak.” These all refer to diseases that cause people to grow weak and die.
DEU	28	22	su4y			0	with drought	“with lack of rain”
DEU	28	22	k5ew			0	mildew	mold that grows on crops and causes them to rot
DEU	28	22	btm2	figs-personification		0	These will pursue you	Moses speaks of the bad things that would happen to the Israelites as if they were people or animals who would chase after the Israelites. Alternate translation: “You will suffer from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
DEU	28	23	alx9	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	28	23	xf1q	figs-metaphor		0	skies…will be bronze	Moses speaks of the skies being like bronze because there will be no rain. Alternate translation: “skies…will give no rain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	28	23	eb3i	figs-metaphor		0	the earth…will be iron	Moses speaks of the earth being like iron because no crops will grow. Alternate translation: “nothing will grow from the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	28	24	uz8n			0	Yahweh will make the rain of your land into powder and dust	“instead of rain, Yahweh will send sandstorms”
DEU	28	24	zt41	figs-activepassive		0	until you are destroyed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “until it destroys you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	28	25	b1re	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	28	25	z7yb	figs-activepassive		0	Yahweh will cause you to be struck down before your enemies	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause your enemies to strike you down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	28	25	yi77			0	to be struck down before	See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 28:7](../28/07.md).
DEU	28	25	yfp6	translate-numbers		0	will flee before them seven ways	This means the Israelites will be afraid and panic and run away from their enemies. See similar wording in [Deuteronomy 28:7](../28/07.md). Alternate translation: “you will flee in seven directions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU	28	25	v9pl	figs-idiom		0	seven ways	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “in many different directions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	28	25	k6ms	figs-activepassive		0	You will be tossed to and fro among all the kingdoms	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The peoples of the other nations will drive you from one nation to another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	28	27	wb3q	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	28	27	q4ig			0	the boils of Egypt	“the same skin disease with which I cursed the Egyptians”
DEU	28	27	gf18			0	boils…ulcers, scurvy, and itch	These are different types of skin diseases.
DEU	28	27	kvf6	figs-activepassive		0	from which you cannot be healed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “from which no one will be able to heal you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	28	29	we8c	figs-simile		0	You will grope about at noonday like the blind grope in the darkness	“You will be like blind people who grope in darkness even at noonday.” The Israelites will have a difficult life even when everyone else is enjoying life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
DEU	28	29	z6va			0	you will be always oppressed and robbed	“stronger people will always oppress and rob you”
DEU	28	30	zt5j	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	28	31	gh8u	figs-activepassive		0	Your ox will be slain before your eyes	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You will watch as someone kills your ox” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	28	31	rf3y	figs-activepassive		0	your donkey will be forcibly taken away from before you and will not be restored to you	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone will take your donkey by force and will not give it back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	28	31	b24n	figs-activepassive		0	Your sheep will be given to your enemies	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will give your sheep to your enemies” or “I will allow your enemies to take your sheep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	28	32	wy9p	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	28	32	mic6	figs-activepassive		0	Your sons and your daughters will be given to other peoples	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will give your sons and your daughters to other peoples” or “Your enemies will take your sons and daughters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	28	32	c24q	figs-synecdoche		0	your eyes will look for them the entire day, but will fail with longing for them	Here “your eyes” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “you will grow tired as you constantly watch for them and long to see them again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	28	32	lap6	figs-metonymy		0	There will be no strength in your hand	Here the metonym “strength in your hand” refers to power. “Alternate translation: “You will be powerless to do anything about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	28	33	xbz3	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	28	33	db4k	figs-metonymy		0	a nation	Here the metonym “a nation” means the people from a nation. Alternate translation: “people from a nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	28	33	hvh1	figs-doublet		0	you will always be oppressed and crushed	The words “oppressed” and “crushed” mean basically the same thing. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will always oppress and crush you” or “they will oppress you continually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	28	34	f8mx			0	you will become insane by what you have to see happen	“what you see will make you go crazy”
DEU	28	35	e9zv	figs-activepassive		0	from which you cannot be cured	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that no one will be able to cure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	28	36	k4cu	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	28	37	dwn5	figs-doublet		0	of horror, a proverb, and a byword, among all the peoples where Yahweh will lead you away	Here the words “proverb” and “byword” mean basically the same thing. This can be translated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “of horror. The people, in the places where Yahweh will send you, will make up proverbs and bywords about you” or “of horror. Yahweh will send you to peoples who will laugh at you and ridicule you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU	28	37	lz2g			0	byword	a word or phrase that people use to shame others
DEU	28	38	lcl4	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	28	38	t8st			0	but will gather little seed in	“but will harvest very little food”
DEU	28	40	ht5h	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues describing God’s curses if the people disobey him. He speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	28	40	e99r			0	but you will not rub any of the oil on yourself	People would rub olive oil on themselves to make their skin healthy.
DEU	28	40	fi15	figs-explicit		0	your olive trees will drop their fruit	You may need to make explicit that the fruit drops before it is ripe. Alternate translation: “your olive trees will drop their fruit before the fruit is ripe” or “the olives will fall off your olive trees before they are ripe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	28	42	if6w	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	28	43	cew2	figs-genericnoun		0	The foreigner who is	This does not mean a specific foreigner but refers to foreigners in general. Alternate translation: “The foreigners who are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
DEU	28	43	j1wi	figs-idiom		0	rise up above you higher and higher; you yourself will come down lower and lower	This idiom means foreigners will have more power, money, and honor than the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	28	44	ls98	figs-genericnoun		0	He will…to him	This does not mean a specific foreigner (verse 43) but refers to foreigners in general. Alternate translation: “They will…to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
DEU	28	44	wu98	figs-metaphor		0	he will be the head, and you will be the tail	This means foreigners will have more power and authority than the Israelites. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Deuteronomy 28:13](../28/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	28	45	lv3p	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	28	45	l54e	figs-metaphor		0	All these curses will come on you and will pursue and overtake you until you are destroyed	Moses describes the curses as a person who would attack them by surprise or chase and catch them. See how you translated something similar in [Deuteronomy 28:2](../28/02.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh will curse you like this in ways that will completely surprise you, and it will be as if he is chasing you and you cannot escape having him curse you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
DEU	28	45	sp9j	figs-metonymy		0	to the voice of Yahweh your God	Here the words “voice of Yahweh” are a metonym for what Yahweh said. Alternate translation: “to what Yahweh your God said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	28	45	tb8t	figs-doublet		0	his commandments and his regulations	The words “commandments” and “regulations” are a doublet for “all that Yahweh has commanded you to do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU	28	47	epc2	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	28	47	qt75	figs-doublet		0	joyfulness and gladness of heart	Here “joyfulness” and “gladness of heart” mean the same thing. They emphasize that the people should have been very glad to worship Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU	28	48	y9ia	figs-metaphor		0	He will put a yoke of iron on your neck	This is a metaphor for Yahweh allowing the enemy to treat the Israelites cruelly and make them slaves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	28	49	b5tt	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	28	49	yl1h	figs-doublet		0	from far away, from the ends of the earth	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the enemy will come from a nation that is very far away from Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU	28	49	j169	figs-idiom		0	from the ends of the earth	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “from places that you know nothing about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	28	49	bjy5	figs-simile		0	like an eagle flies to its victim	This means the enemy will come suddenly and the Israelites will not be able to stop them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
DEU	28	50	hsb9	figs-metonymy		0	a nation with a fierce face that does not respect the aged and does not show favor	The word “nation” is a metonym for the people of that nation. Alternate translation: “a nation whose people have fierce expressions, who do not respect the aged and do not show favor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	28	51	n115	figs-activepassive		0	until you are destroyed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “until they destroy you” or “until they leave you with nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	28	52	e3i5	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues describing the army that will attack the Israelites if they do not obey Yahweh. He speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	28	52	x2h9	figs-synecdoche		0	you in all your city gates	Here the phrase “city gates” represents a city. Alternate translation: “your cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	28	53	vca7	figs-metaphor		0	the fruit of your own body, the flesh of your sons and of your daughters	Here “the flesh of your sons and of your daughters” explains the metaphor “the fruit of your own body.” The people will be so hungry after the enemy army surrounds their city that they will eat their own children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	28	53	swr5	figs-metaphor		0	the fruit of your own body	This speaks of children as if they were fruit that was produced by the bodies of their parents. Alternate translation: “your own children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	28	54	z4kd	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	28	54	g9qb			0	who is tender and very delicate among you—he	“who is tender and very delicate among you—even he.” Moses is saying that not only those one would expect to eat their children, but even the last person one would expect to eat his own children will eat his children.
DEU	28	55	h7kb	figs-synecdoche		0	all your city gates	Here “city gates” represents the cities themselves. Alternate translation: “all your cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	28	56	x19d	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	28	56	ayv7	figs-you		0	The tender and delicate woman among you…tenderness—she	“The tender and delicate woman among you…tenderness—even she.” Moses is saying that not only those one would expect to eat their children, but even women of noble birth and normally very gentle, whom one would never expect to eat their children, will eat their children. The word “you” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	28	56	sw1r	figs-hyperbole		0	who would not venture to put the bottom of her foot on the ground for delicateness and tenderness	Moses is exaggerating. He is emphasizing that this noble woman is so rich and lives in such luxury that she would not allow herself to get dirty. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
DEU	28	56	u5mz	figs-abstractnouns		0	for delicateness and tenderness	The abstract nouns “delicateness” and “tenderness” can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “because she is so delicate and tender” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
DEU	28	57	lnt8	figs-synecdoche		0	within your city gates	Here “city gates” represents the cities themselves. Alternate translation: “within your cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	28	58	x9pf	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	28	58	sw6h	figs-activepassive		0	that are written	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that I have written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	28	58	uak2	figs-metonymy		0	this glorious and fearful name, Yahweh your God	Here the metonym “name” refers to Yahweh himself. Alternate translation: “Yahweh your God who is glorious and awesome” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	28	59	tu25			0	Yahweh will make your plagues terrible, and those of your descendants	“Yahweh will send terrible plagues on you and your descendants” or “Yahweh will make sure that you and your descendants suffer from terrible plagues”
DEU	28	60	l1p3	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	28	60	c4kp	figs-idiom		0	He will bring on you again all the diseases of Egypt	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “He will make sure that you again suffer from the diseases of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	28	60	qu7d	figs-idiom		0	they will cling to you	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “the diseases will not stop, and no one will be able to heal you of them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	28	61	ds4x	figs-hyperbole		0	every sickness and plague that is not written	Here “every” is a generalization that means “many.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “even other sicknesses and plagues that I have not written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	28	61	p5ww	figs-activepassive		0	until you are destroyed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “until he has destroyed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	28	62	l59v	figs-you		0	You will be left…you were like…you did not listen	Moses is speaking to the Israelites as a group, so all instances of “you” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	28	62	hu58	figs-simile		0	you were like the stars of the heavens in number	This means that in the past there were many Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
DEU	28	62	j7ul	figs-metonymy		0	to the voice of Yahweh	Here the metonym “voice of Yahweh” refers to what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “to what Yahweh says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	28	63	mhe6	figs-you		0	Yahweh once rejoiced over you…multiplying you…rejoice over you in making you perish and in destroying you. You will be plucked	Moses is speaking to the Israelites as a group, so all instances of “you” are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	28	63	b3je			0	Yahweh once rejoiced over you in doing you good, and in multiplying you	“Yahweh once enjoyed doing you good and causing you to become many”
DEU	28	63	eu1a			0	he will rejoice over you in making you perish	“he will enjoy making you die”
DEU	28	63	imz8	figs-metaphor		0	You will be plucked off the land that you are going into to possess	Moses uses a metaphor to speak of the people as though they were fruit that Yahweh would take off a bush. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He will remove you from the land which you are entering to possess” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	28	63	le25	figs-you		0	you are going	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	28	64	xuc8	figs-you		0	scatter you…you will worship…you have not known…you nor your ancestors	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	28	64	l3nk	figs-merism		0	from the one end of the earth to the other end of the earth	These two extremes together mean everywhere on earth. Alternate translation: “throughout the earth” or “all over the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
DEU	28	65	j125	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	28	65	g15k	figs-synecdoche		0	there will be no rest for the bottoms of your feet	Here the phrase “the bottoms of your feet” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “you will have to continually wander because you have no permanent home where you can rest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	28	65	n83i	figs-idiom		0	Yahweh will give you there a trembling heart, failing eyes, and a soul that mourns	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause you to be afraid, without hope, and sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	28	66	ckv2	figs-idiom		0	Your life will hang in doubt before you	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “You will not know whether you will live or die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	28	67	bik8	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	28	67	wac6	figs-idiom		0	because of the fear in your hearts	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “because of the fear you are feeling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	28	67	u1ew	figs-synecdoche		0	the things your eyes will have to see	Here “eyes” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “the terrifying things I will force you to see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	28	68	et6c			0	I had said	Here “I” refers to Yahweh.
DEU	29	intro	if6j			0		# Deuteronomy 29 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is a retelling of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses, along with its blessings and cursing. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])
DEU	29	1	nsu8			0	These are the words that Yahweh commanded Moses to tell	This refers to words that Moses is about to speak.
DEU	29	1	b8p6			0	in the land of Moab	This is on the east side of the Jordan where the Israelites were staying before they entered the land of Canaan. “while they were in the land of Moab”
DEU	29	1	b7xy			0	words that were added to the covenant…at Horeb	These additional commands were given to make Yahweh’s covenant apply better to the people once they were settled in their new land. These new commands did not belong to a different covenant, but rather were additions to the original covenant.
DEU	29	2	ya5p	figs-synecdoche		0	You have seen everything that Yahweh did before your eyes	Yahweh expected them to remember what Yahweh had done and they had seen it. Here the “eyes” represent the whole person and emphasize what the person has seen. Alternate translation: “You have seen all that Yahweh did so that you would see and remember what he did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	29	2	y1s6	figs-you		0	your eyes	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “your” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	29	3	al38	figs-synecdoche		0	the great sufferings that your eyes saw	Here “eyes” emphasizes that Yahweh expected them to remember that they had seen it. Alternate translation: “you saw for yourselves that the people suffered terribly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	29	3	tl81	figs-doublet		0	the signs, and those great wonders	The words “signs” and “wonders” both refer to the plagues that Yahweh had sent upon Egypt. Alternate translation: “and all of the powerful things that Yahweh did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU	29	4	mh61	figs-metonymy		0	Yahweh has not given you a heart to know, eyes to see, or ears to hear	The people do have hearts, eyes, and ears. This metonym says that Yahweh has not enabled them to understand from what they saw and heard who Yahweh is, and how and why they should obey him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	29	4	u59c	figs-idiom		0	given you a heart to know	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “enabled you to understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	29	5	p5xi			0	I have led you	Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	29	5	rbp5	translate-numbers		0	forty years	“40 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU	29	5	g59z	figs-you		0	your sandals…your feet	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “your” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	29	6	cv6m			0	other alcoholic drinks	Alcoholic drinks made probably from fermented grains. They were not distilled liquors.
DEU	29	7	d31m			0	Sihon, the king of Heshbon, and Og, the king of Bashan	See how you translated these names in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md).
DEU	29	7	i2yh	figs-exclusive		0	came out against us	Here “us” refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
DEU	29	9	ze3j	figs-parallelism		0	keep the words of this covenant and do them	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the people were to obey Yahweh’s commands. Alternate translation: “obey all the words of this covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	29	10	it8r			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel.
DEU	29	11	b36y	figs-you		0	among you in your camp…your wood…your water	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	29	11	vw3v	figs-genericnoun		0	the foreigner who is among you in your camp, from him who cuts your wood to him who draws	There were many foreigners among the Israelites. Alternate translation: “the foreigners who are among you in your camp, from those who cut your wood to those who get your water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
DEU	29	12	p568	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	29	12	yb79			0	to enter into the covenant of Yahweh your God and into the oath that Yahweh your God is making with you today	“to agree to the covenant and to swear that you will obey all that Yahweh your God commands”
DEU	29	13	nv7p			0	a people for himself	“a people group that belongs to him alone”
DEU	29	14	p3sa			0	I am making	Here “I” refers to Yahweh. “Yahweh is making”
DEU	29	15	sv23			0	standing here with us	Here “us” refers to Moses and the people of Israel.
DEU	29	15	n738			0	those who are not here	“our future descendants, who are not here”
DEU	29	16	ef56			0	we lived	“we were slaves”
DEU	29	18	tf4z	figs-synecdoche		0	whose heart is turning away today from Yahweh our God	Here “heart” refers to the whole person, and “turning away” means to stop obeying. Alternate translation: “who no longer obeys Yahweh our God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	29	18	yq9n	figs-metaphor		0	any root that produces gall and wormwood	Moses speaks of someone who secretly worships another God as if he were a root, and the evil deeds he does to serve that god, and which he encourages others to do, as a bitter plant that poisons people. Alternate translation: “any person who worships idols and causes others to disobey Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	29	19	u5ww			0	that person	The person described in verse 18.
DEU	29	19	ydt9	figs-idiom		0	bless himself in his heart	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “congratulate himself” or “encourage himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	29	19	l8ar	figs-idiom		0	though I walk in the stubbornness of my heart	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “even though I still refuse to obey Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	29	19	rq4s	figs-metaphor		0	This would destroy the wet together with the dry	Here the words “wet” and “dry” are metaphors for the righteous people and the wicked people. This forms a merism for “everyone.” Alternate translation: “This would cause Yahweh to destroy both the righteous people and the wicked people in the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
DEU	29	19	qq8r	figs-nominaladj		0	wet…dry	These nominal adjectives can be translated as nouns. Because the land was usually dry and the people needed rain so their crops would grow, these words are metaphors for “living…dead” or “good…bad.” Alternate translation: “wet things…dry things” or “good people…bad people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	29	20	zp3x	figs-metaphor		0	the anger of Yahweh and his jealousy will smolder	Just as a fire can grow in intensity, so can God’s anger and Jealousy grow in intensity. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s jealous anger will grow like a fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	29	20	ud3q	figs-hendiadys		0	the anger of Yahweh and his jealousy	Here the word “jealousy” describes “the anger of Yahweh.” Alternate translation: Yahweh’s jealous anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
DEU	29	20	c39z	figs-activepassive		0	that are written	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that I have written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	29	20	v4lv	figs-metaphor		0	the curses that are written in this book will come on him	Moses describes the curses as a person who would attack them by surprise. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 28:15](../28/15.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh will curse him with the curses written in this book in ways that will completely surprise him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
DEU	29	20	h57e			0	Yahweh will blot out his name from under heaven	This means God will completely destroy the person and his family. In the future people will not remember him. A similar phrase appears in [Deuteronomy 7:24](../07/24.md).
DEU	29	22	j9qf			0	The generation to come, your children who will rise up after you	The words “your children…after you” tell who “the generation to come” is.
DEU	29	23	n8yz			0	when they see that the whole land has become sulfur and burning salt	People put sulfur and salt on the soil to keep anything from growing. “when they see that Yahweh has burned the land with sulfur and salt”
DEU	29	23	g15s	figs-activepassive		0	where nothing is sown or bears fruit	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “where no one can sow seed and the crops do not bear fruit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	29	23	bw2x			0	like the overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah	The abstract noun “overthrow” can be translated as a clause. Alternate translation: “as when Yahweh completely destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah”
DEU	29	23	j85x	translate-names		0	Admah and Zeboyim	These are names of cities that Yahweh destroyed along with Sodom and Gomorrah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	29	24	j5xg	figs-quotations		0	they will say together with all the other nations…mean?	This can be translated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “they will ask with all the other nations why Yahweh has done this to the land, and what the heat of this great anger means.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
DEU	29	24	z3lu			0	they will say together with all the other nations	“your descendants and the people of all the other nations will say”
DEU	29	24	v7xx	figs-hendiadys		0	What does the heat of this great anger mean?	The writer is communicating one idea through two words. Alternate translation: “What does this terrible anger mean?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
DEU	29	25	j9gr			0	It is because they abandoned the covenant of Yahweh, the God of their ancestors	This is the answer to “Why has Yahweh done this to this land?” ([Deuteronomy 29:24](../29/24.md)). “Yahweh has done this to the land because the Israelites did not follow the promises and the laws of his covenant”
DEU	29	26	p4qx			0	served other gods and bowed down to them	“obeyed other gods and worshiped them”
DEU	29	27	p8ms	figs-metaphor		0	the anger of Yahweh has been kindled against this land	Moses compares Yahweh being angry to someone starting a fire. This emphasizes God’s power to destroy whatever makes him angry, and it can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has became very angry with this land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	29	27	p9t6	figs-metonymy		0	this land, so as to bring on it	Here “land” is a metonym representing the people. Alternate translation: “the people of this land, so as to bring on them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	29	27	wp7h	figs-activepassive		0	that are written	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that I have written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	29	28	q4kt	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh has uprooted them from their land…and has thrown them	Israel is compared to a bad plant that Yahweh has pulled up and thrown out of a garden. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has removed them from their land…and has forced them to go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	29	28	jz72	figs-doublet		0	in anger, in wrath, and in great fury	The words “anger” and “wrath” and “fury” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the great intensity of Yahweh’s anger. Alternate translation: “in extremely great anger” or “because he was extremely angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU	29	29	d1e5			0	The secret matters belong alone to Yahweh our God	“Some things Yahweh our God has not revealed, and only he knows them”
DEU	29	29	v7va	figs-activepassive		0	that are revealed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that he has revealed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	29	29	ui8w			0	we may do all the words of this law	“we may do everything that this law commands us to do”
DEU	30	intro	yx9f			0		# Deuteronomy 30 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Moses begins to give final instructions to Israel before his death in anticipation of their entrance into the Promised Land. There were warnings and blessings associated with the people’s obedience to the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
DEU	30	1	rkk4	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	30	1	pfr8	figs-idiom		0	When all these things have come on you	Here “these things” refer to the blessings and curses described in chapters 28-29. The phrase “have come on you” is an idiom that means to happen. Alternate translation: “When all these things happen to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	30	1	k5mi	figs-metaphor		0	that I have set before you	This speaks of the blessings and curses that Moses told the people as if they were objects that he set in front of them. Alternate translation: “that I have just now told you about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	30	1	rtn6	figs-idiom		0	call them to mind	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “remember them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	30	1	qk91			0	among all the other nations	“while you are living in the other nations”
DEU	30	1	ug75			0	has driven you	“has forced you to go”
DEU	30	2	edl2	figs-metonymy		0	obey his voice	Here “voice” is referring to what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “obey what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	30	2	s239	figs-metonymy		0	with all your heart and with all your soul	Here “heart” and “soul” are metonyms for a person’s inner being. These two phrases are used together to mean “completely” or “earnestly.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU	30	3	m7q5	figs-abstractnouns		0	reverse your captivity	“free you from your captivity.” The abstract noun “captivity” can be translated as a verbal clause. Alternate translation: “free you from those who had captured you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
DEU	30	4	icb7	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	30	4	g129			0	If any of your exiled people are in the farthest places	“Even those of your exiled people who are in the farthest places”
DEU	30	4	w6nm			0	under the heavens	“under the sky” or “on the earth”
DEU	30	6	iv7f	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	30	6	dul8	figs-metaphor		0	circumcise your heart	This is not a literal removal of flesh. It means God will remove their sin and enable them to love and obey him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	30	6	d25z	figs-metonymy		0	with all your heart and with all your soul	Here “heart” and “soul” are metonyms for a person’s inner being. These two phrases are used together to mean “completely” or “earnestly.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU	30	7	n367	figs-metaphor		0	will put all these curses on your enemies	Moses speaks of curses as though they were a load or a cover that someone could physically put on top of a person. Alternate translation: “will cause your enemies to suffer from these curses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	30	8	fpp4	figs-metonymy		0	obey the voice of Yahweh	Here “voice” means what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “obey what Yahweh says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	30	9	k3dd	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	30	9	ws1q	figs-synecdoche		0	the work of your hand	Here “hand” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “in all the work you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	30	9	r217	figs-idiom		0	in the fruit of your body…in the fruit of your cattle…in the fruit of your ground	These three phrases are idioms for “in children…in calves…in crops.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 28:4](../28/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	30	10	w16u	figs-activepassive		0	that are written	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that I have written” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	30	10	vv69	figs-metonymy		0	with all your heart and all your soul	Here “heart” and “soul” are metonyms for a person’s inner being. These two phrases are used together to mean “completely” or “earnestly.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU	30	11	lxg9	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	30	11	wls8	figs-metaphor		0	neither is it too far for you to reach	Moses speaks of being able to understand what a commandment requires a person to do as if it were that person being able to reach a physical object. Alternate translation: “neither is it too difficult for you to understand what Yahweh requires you to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	30	12	lu7s	figs-rquestion		0	Who will go up for us to heaven and bring it down to us and make us able to hear it, so that we may do it?	Here Moses uses a rhetorical question to emphasize that the people of Israel think that Yahweh’s commands are too difficult for them to know. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Someone must travel to heaven to learn God’s commands and then return to tell us what they are so we can obey them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
DEU	30	13	nd92	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	30	13	fw31	figs-rquestion		0	Who will go over the sea for us and bring it to us and make us to hear it, so that we may do it?	This rhetorical question continues the idea that the people of Israel think Yahweh’s commands are too difficult to know. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Someone must travel across the sea to learn God’s commands and then return and tell us what they are.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
DEU	30	14	p17g	figs-metonymy		0	in your mouth and your heart	This means that the people already know God’s commands and can tell them to others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	30	15	m7gm	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	30	15	d23f	figs-metaphor		0	I have placed before you	Putting something where another person can see it is a metaphor for telling someone about something. Alternate translation: “I have told you about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	30	15	bn6k	figs-explicit		0	life and good, death and evil	You can make clear the implicit information. Alternate translation: “what is good and will cause you to live, and what is evil and will cause you to die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	30	16	jh9g			0	multiply	increase greatly in number
DEU	30	17	ej9a	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	30	17	a2vl	figs-synecdoche		0	if your heart turns away…but instead are drawn away and bow down to other gods and worship them	Here “heart” refers to the whole person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if you stop being loyal to God…and the people living in the land convince you to bow down and worship other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	30	18	sr3z	figs-you		0	to you today that you…you will not prolong your days	Moses speaks to the Israelites as a group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	30	18	ee9y	figs-metaphor		0	prolong your days	Long days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “be able to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	30	19	t3ji	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so except where noted the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	30	19	gap6	figs-metonymy		0	I call heaven and earth to witness	Possible meanings are (1) Moses is calling on all those who live in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says, or (2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
DEU	30	19	qj9t			0	to witness against you	“to be willing to say that you have done evil things”
DEU	30	19	wxe8	figs-you		0	against you today	Moses speaks to the Israelites as a group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	30	20	k5mz	figs-metonymy		0	obey his voice	Here “voice” refers to what Yahweh says. Alternate translation: “obey what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	30	20	sbp2			0	to cling to him	“to rely on him”
DEU	30	20	x4gp	figs-doublet		0	For he is your life and the length of your days	These phrases have the same meaning and are metonyms for Yahweh, emphasizing that he is the one who gives life and determines the length of people’s lifetimes. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is the only one who can enable you to live a long life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	30	20	qi8g	figs-ellipsis		0	swore to your ancestors	The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “swore that he would give to your ancestors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
DEU	31	intro	pki9			0		# Deuteronomy 31 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Final instructions<br>In the Ancient Near East, it was common for an important leader to give instructions for his people to follow after his death. In this chapter, Moses begins his final words to the people of Israel. These are words that he wants them to remember long after he is gone. This section also helped to make a smooth transition to Joshua’s leadership.
DEU	31	2	mb3i	translate-numbers		0	one hundred twenty years old	“120 years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU	31	2	bvw8	figs-merism		0	I can no more go out and come in	Here the extremes “go out” and “come in” used together mean that Moses can no longer do what a healthy person can do. Alternate translation: “I am no longer able to go everywhere that you need to go, so I cannot be your leader any longer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
DEU	31	3	ep95	figs-you		0	your God…before you…before you…you will dispossess…before you	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	31	3	cll7			0	you will dispossess them	“you will take their land”
DEU	31	3	p8q6			0	Joshua, he will go over before you, as Yahweh has spoken	“Joshua will lead you across the river, as Yahweh promised”
DEU	31	4	nu6r			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the Israelites.
DEU	31	4	b8wj	figs-synecdoche		0	he did to Sihon and to Og, the kings of the Amorites	Here “Sihon” and “Og” refer to two Kings of the Amorites and their armies. See how you translated these names in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “he did to Sihon and Og, the kings of the Amorites, and to their armies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	31	6	m79v			0	Be strong and of good courage	“Be strong and courageous”
DEU	31	6	lr5n			0	fear not, and do not be afraid of them	“do not fear them at all”
DEU	31	6	i5mi	figs-you		0	Yahweh your God…with you…fail you nor forsake you	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	31	6	b7b9	figs-litotes		0	he will not fail you nor forsake you	This can be treated as litotes and translated positively. Alternate translation: “he will always fulfill his promise to you and will always be with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
DEU	31	7	s174	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	31	7	r36v	figs-metonymy		0	in the sight of all Israel	This means that all of the people of Israel were present. Alternate translation: “in the presence of all the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	31	7	ht4a			0	Be strong and of good courage	“Be strong and courageous.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 31:5](../31/05.md).
DEU	31	7	t7sv			0	you will cause them to inherit it	“you will help them take the land”
DEU	31	9	a6vj			0	gave it out to the priests, the sons of Levi	“gave it out to the Levites, who are the priests”
DEU	31	10	ani6	translate-numbers		0	seven years	“7 years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU	31	10	sy4p			0	fixed for the cancellation of debts	“for canceling debts”
DEU	31	10	d2me			0	Festival of Shelters	Other names for this festival are “Feast of Tabernacles,” “Festival of Booths,” and “Feast of the Ingathering.” During harvest, farmers would set up temporary shelters in the field. This festival took place after the last harvest of the year. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 16:13](../16/13.md).
DEU	31	11	pt7m	figs-you		0	Yahweh your God…you will read	- Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	31	11	c11z			0	in their hearing	“so that they can hear it”
DEU	31	12	rlg2			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the priests and the elders.
DEU	31	12	rtx9	figs-synecdoche		0	your foreigner who is within your city gates	Here “city gates” represents the cities themselves. Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the instances of “your” here are singular. Alternate translation: “your foreigners who live in your cities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	31	12	j1rq			0	keep all the words of this law	“carefully obey all the commands in this law”
DEU	31	14	ji2r			0	Look, the	“Pay attention to what I am about to tell you. The”
DEU	31	15	m71w			0	a pillar of cloud	This was a thick cloud of smoke in the shape of an upright column.
DEU	31	16	f7i5			0	Look, you	“Pay attention to what I am going to tell you. You”
DEU	31	16	m76m	figs-euphemism		0	you will sleep with your fathers	This is a polite way to say “you will die.” Alternate translation: “you will die and join your ancestors who have died before you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
DEU	31	16	d9q3	figs-metaphor		0	will rise up and act like a prostitute	Being a prostitute is a metaphor for worshiping gods other than Yahweh. Alternate translation: “will start to be unfaithful to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	31	17	b1z8			0	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
DEU	31	17	l9kj	figs-metaphor		0	my anger will be kindled against them	Yahweh compares his anger to someone starting a fire. This emphasizes God’s power to destroy whatever makes him angry. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will kindle my anger against them” or “I will become angry with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	31	17	zg57	figs-idiom		0	I will hide my face from them	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I will not help them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	31	17	zr99	figs-activepassive		0	they will be devoured	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will devour them” or “I will allow their enemies to devour them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	31	17	sz2f	figs-metaphor		0	devoured	This is a metaphor for “completely destroyed.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	31	17	qw7g	figs-personification		0	Many disasters and troubles will find them	This describes the disasters and troubles as if they were human. Alternate translation: “They will experience many disasters and troubles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
DEU	31	17	l3ge	figs-personification		0	Have these disasters not come upon us…midst?	This describes the disasters and troubles as if they were human. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “These disasters are destroying me…midst.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
DEU	31	17	m6pv			0	our God is not in our midst	“God is no longer protecting us” or “God has left us alone”
DEU	31	19	j9x4			0	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking to Moses about the Israelites.
DEU	31	19	h2xq	figs-idiom		0	Put it in their mouths	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Make them memorize and sing it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	31	20	i9lu			0	a land flowing with milk and honey	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “a land where plenty of milk and honey flow” or “a land that is excellent for cattle and farming” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:3](../06/03.md).
DEU	31	21	z4dq	figs-personification		0	When many evils and troubles come upon this people	Here evils and troubles are described as if they were human and could find people. Alternate translation: “When this people experiences many evils and troubles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
DEU	31	21	x1jh	figs-personification		0	this song will testify before them as a witness	This speaks of the song as if it were a human witness testifying in court against Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
DEU	31	21	tb8b	figs-activepassive		0	it will not be forgotten from the mouths of their descendants	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “their descendants will not forget to keep it in their mouths” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	31	21	s5je	figs-activepassive		0	it will not be forgotten from the mouths of their descendants	This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “their descendants will remember to keep it in their mouths” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	31	21	fly7	figs-activepassive		0	it will not be forgotten from the mouths of their descendants	The idiom “forget it from the mouth” means to stop speaking about it. Alternate translation: “their descendants will not stop speaking about it to each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	31	21	th4p	figs-metaphor		0	the plans that they are forming	What people plan to do is spoken of as if it were a physical object. Alternate translation: “what they plan to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	31	21	y4kp	figs-explicit		0	the land that I promised	God’s promise of the land was to give it to the people of Israel. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the land that I promised I would give to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	31	23	g5sl			0	Be strong and of good courage	“Be strong and courageous.” See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 31:5](../31/05.md).
DEU	31	26	f3zd	figs-you		0	witness against you	Moses speaks to the Levites as if they were one man, so the word “you” is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	31	27	q9j8			0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking to the Levites about all the Israelite people.
DEU	31	27	dc8v	figs-you		0	your rebellion and your stiff neck	Moses speaks to the Levites as if they were one man, so the word “your” is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	31	27	e3am			0	your stiff neck	See how you translated “stubborn” in [Deuteronomy 9:6](../09/06.md).
DEU	31	27	yin7	figs-rquestion		0	how much more after my death?	This rhetorical question emphasizes how rebellious the people were. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “you will be even more rebellious after I die.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
DEU	31	28	ge9z	figs-synecdoche		0	so that I may speak these words in their ears	Here “in their ears” means the people themselves. Alternate translation: “so that I may speak the words of this song to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	31	28	rbf8	figs-metonymy		0	call heaven and earth to witness against them	Possible meanings are (1) Moses is calling on all those who live in heaven and earth to be witnesses to what he says or (2) Moses is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses to what he says. A similar phrase appears in [Deuteronomy 30:19](../30/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
DEU	31	29	h4je			0	you will utterly corrupt yourselves	“you will do what is completely wrong.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:16](../04/16.md).
DEU	31	29	w6b1			0	turn aside out of the path that I have commanded you	“stop following the instructions I have given to you.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 9:12](../09/12.md).
DEU	31	29	yvi1	figs-metaphor		0	what is evil in the sight of Yahweh	The sight of Yahweh represents Yahweh’s judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “what is evil in Yahweh’s judgment” or “what Yahweh considers to be evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	31	29	i596	figs-synecdoche		0	through the work of your hands	Here “your hands” means the people themselves. Alternate translation: “because of what you have made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	31	30	upf2	figs-synecdoche		0	Moses recited in the ears of all the assembly of Israel	Here “ears” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “Moses recited to all the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	31	30	ilp6			0	recited	Possible meanings are (1) “sang” or (2) “spoke.”
DEU	31	30	wx6q	figs-ellipsis		0	the words of this song	You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “the words of the song that Yahweh taught him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
DEU	32	intro	pup6			0		# Deuteronomy 32 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 32:1-43.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Punishment<br>This chapter prophesies a time when Israel will be disobedient to Yahweh and he will have to punish them. This is meant to serve as a warning to the nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
DEU	32	1	bfi8	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	32	1	hf89	figs-apostrophe		0	Give ear, you heavens…Let the earth listen	Yahweh speaks to the heavens and earth as if they are there listening. Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh is speaking to the inhabitants of heaven and earth or (2) Yahweh is speaking to the heavens and earth as if they are persons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
DEU	32	2	zk7l	figs-simile		0	Let my teaching drop down like the rain…and like the showers on the plants	This means Yahweh wants the people to eagerly accept his helpful teaching. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
DEU	32	2	x67x			0	distill	Use the word in your language for the process by which dew appears.
DEU	32	2	s3mw			0	dew	water that forms on leaves and grass on cool mornings
DEU	32	2	g6mn			0	tender grass	“new plants”
DEU	32	2	gkm4			0	showers	heavy rain
DEU	32	3	y1fa	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	32	3	bah6	figs-idiom		0	proclaim the name of Yahweh	This is an idiom. “tell how good Yahweh is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	32	3	uf82			0	ascribe greatness to our God	“make sure people know that our God is great”
DEU	32	4	xcv2	figs-metaphor		0	The Rock	This a proper name that Moses gives to Yahweh, who, like a rock, is strong and able to protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	32	4	vh3k			0	his work	“everything he does”
DEU	32	4	xtg1	figs-metaphor		0	all his paths are just	Walking on a path is a metaphor for how a person lives his life. Alternate translation: “he does everything in a just way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	32	4	j65c	figs-doublet		0	He is just and upright	These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh is fair and does what is right. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU	32	5	ehu3	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. Moses continues to use parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	32	5	exs2			0	acted corruptly against him	“opposed him by doing what is wrong.” See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:16](../04/16.md).
DEU	32	5	k81b	figs-doublet		0	a perverted and crooked generation	The words “perverted” and “crooked” mean basically the same thing. Moses uses them to emphasize how wicked the generation is. Alternate translation: “a completely wicked generation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU	32	6	tfw7	figs-rquestion		0	Do you reward Yahweh in this way…people?	Moses uses a question to scold the people. Alternate translation: “You should give Yahweh proper praise…people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
DEU	32	6	bwz6	figs-doublet		0	you foolish and senseless people	The words “foolish” and “senseless” mean the same thing and emphasize how foolish the people are for disobeying Yahweh. Alternate translation: “you extremely foolish people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU	32	6	m2g1			0	your father…has created you…made you and established you	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular.
DEU	32	6	aeq8	figs-rquestion		0	Is he not your father, the one who has created you?	Moses uses a question to scold the people. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is your father and the one who created you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
DEU	32	7	ks26			0	General Information:	Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel.
DEU	32	7	ki4q	figs-you		0	Call to mind…think about…your father…show you…your elders…tell you	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	32	7	a5hd	figs-idiom		0	Call to mind	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	32	7	ksl4			0	days of ancient times	“days of long ago.” Moses refers to the time period when the ancestors of the people of Israel were alive.
DEU	32	7	aba7	figs-parallelism		0	think about the years of many ages past	This is a repetition of what Moses just said in the previous portion. Moses wants the people of Israel to focus on their history as a nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	32	7	p9u5			0	he will show you	“he will make it clear to you” or “he will enable you to understand it”
DEU	32	8	q59u	figs-idiom		0	gave the nations their inheritance	This is an idiom. “put the nations in the places where they would live.” Similar words, “giving to you as an inheritance,” appear in [Deuteronomy 4:21](../04/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	32	8	vz2i			0	he set the boundaries of the peoples, as he also fixed the number of their gods	God assigned each people group, together with its gods, to its own territory. In this way, he limited the influence of a people group’s idols.
DEU	32	9	zcj3	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. As he speaks to the Israelites, he talks about them as if they were someone else and as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	32	9	j71r	figs-parallelism		0	For Yahweh’s portion is his people; Jacob is his apportioned inheritance	These two phrases means basically the same thing and can be combined. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Jacob are Yahweh’s inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	32	10	b2tx			0	He found him…shielded him and cared for him…guarded him	“He found Jacob…shielded him and cared for him…guarded him” You may need to translate this as if Moses were talking about the Israelites as many people. Alternate translation: “He found our ancestors…shielded them and cared for them…guarded them”
DEU	32	10	lv7u			0	howling wilderness	Here “howling” refers to the sound the wind makes as it blows through the empty land.
DEU	32	10	q44y	figs-idiom		0	he guarded him as the apple of his eye	This is an idiom. The apple of an eye refers to the dark part inside the eyeball that allows a person to see. This is a very important and sensitive part of the body. This means that the people of Israel are very important to God and something he protects. Alternate translation: “he protected him as something very valuable and precious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
DEU	32	11	x9dv	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	32	11	up27	figs-simile		0	As an eagle that guards her nest and flutters over her young, Yahweh spread out his wings and took them, and carried them on his pinions	This means Yahweh watched over and protected the Israelites while they were in the desert. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
DEU	32	11	wh5r			0	pinions	the outer edges of a bird’s wings
DEU	32	12	wp5e	figs-pronouns		0	led him…with him	Moses again speaks of the Israelites as “Jacob” ([Deuteronomy 32:9](./09.md)). You may need to translate as if Moses were speaking of the Israelites as many people. Alternate translation: “led them…with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
DEU	32	13	kx8r	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	32	13	sq4v	figs-idiom		0	He made him ride on high places of the land	This is an idiom. The word “him” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Yahweh made them ride on high places of the land” or “Yahweh helped them take and occupy the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	32	13	jg4h	figs-pronouns		0	made him ride…fed him…nourished him	Moses continues to speak of the Israelites as “Jacob” ([Deuteronomy 32:9](./09.md)). You may need to translate this as though Moses were speaking of the Israelites as many people. Alternate translation: “made our ancestors ride…fed them…nourished them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
DEU	32	13	t4p5			0	he fed him the fruits of the field	“he brought him to a land with plenty of crops he could eat”
DEU	32	13	wlf5			0	he nourished him with honey from the rock, and oil from the flinty crag	The land had many wild bees, which produce honey, with hives inside rock holes. There were also many olive trees, which provide oil, and grow on rocks, hills, and mountains.
DEU	32	13	yp29	figs-metaphor		0	nourished him with honey	This is like a mother giving her breast to an infant. “allowed him to suck honey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	32	14	dg9l	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	32	14	dt4w	figs-pronouns		0	He ate	Moses continues to speak of the Israelites as “Jacob” ([Deuteronomy 32:9](./09.md)). You may need to translate as though Moses were speaking of the Israelites as many people. Alternate translation: “Our ancestors ate” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
DEU	32	14	u9ig			0	fat of lambs, rams of Bashan and goats	The people of Israel had many healthy herd animals.
DEU	32	15	g93y	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses continues speaking his poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	32	15	i1m2	translate-names		0	Jeshurun	Moses speaks of the Israelites as if they were a well-fed animal whose owner named it Jeshurun. You may add a footnote that says, “The name ‘Jeshurun’ means ‘upright one.’” If your language cannot speak of the Israelites as Jeshurun, you may refer to the Israelites as many people, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	32	15	ly6m	figs-metaphor		0	the Rock of his salvation	This means Yahweh is strong like a rock and able to protect his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	32	15	dy92	figs-metaphor		0	the Rock	This a proper name that Moses gives to Yahweh, who, like a rock, is strong and able to protect his people. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:4](../32/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	32	16	a41m			0	They made Yahweh jealous	The Israelites made Yahweh jealous.
DEU	32	17	u97e	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak his song to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	32	17	c5ir			0	They sacrificed	“The people of Israel sacrificed”
DEU	32	17	hw1l			0	gods that recently appeared	This means the Israelites recently learned about these gods.
DEU	32	17	m59h	figs-you		0	your fathers	Moses is speaking to the Israelites as many people, so the word “your” is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	32	18	ch18	figs-you		0	You have deserted…your father…you forgot…gave you	Moses is speaking to the Israelites as if they were one man, so all instances of “you” and “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	32	18	mpu7	figs-metaphor		0	You have deserted the Rock	Here Yahweh is called the rock because he is strong and protective. Alternate translation: “You have left the protective care of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	32	18	ul7n	figs-metaphor		0	the Rock	This a proper name that Moses gives to Yahweh, who, like a rock, is strong and able to protect his people. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:4](../32/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	32	18	y9b3	figs-metaphor		0	who became your father…who gave you birth	This compares Yahweh to a father and a mother. This means God caused them to live and to be a nation. Alternate translation: “who fathered you…who gave life to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	32	19	yfx6	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	32	19	eca4	figs-metaphor		0	his sons and his daughters	This refers to the people of Israel whom Yahweh gave life to and made into a nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	32	20	jv62	figs-idiom		0	I will hide my face from them	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I will turn away from them” or “I will stop helping them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	32	20	klx8			0	I will see what their end will be	“I will see what happens to them”
DEU	32	21	pb9z	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh’s words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	32	21	ya83			0	They have made me jealous	Here “me” refers to Yahweh.
DEU	32	21	sa14			0	what is not god	“what are false gods”
DEU	32	21	qj69	figs-explicit		0	worthless things	You may need to make explicit what the “things” are. Alternate translation: “worthless idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	32	21	vst4			0	those who are not a people	“people who do not belong to one people group”
DEU	32	21	zd9q			0	foolish nation	Translate “foolish” as in [Deuteronomy 32:6](../32/06.md).
DEU	32	22	wb8b	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh’s words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	32	22	i1bl	figs-metaphor		0	For a fire is kindled by my anger…foundations of the mountains	Yahweh compares his anger to a fire. This emphasizes his power to destroy what makes him angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	32	22	nll8	figs-activepassive		0	a fire is kindled by my anger and is burning…it is devouring…it is setting	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I start a fire because I am angry, and it burns…it is devouring…it is setting” or “when I am angry, I destroy my enemies like a fire, and I destroy everything on earth and in…I devour…I set” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	32	22	eis3			0	to the lowest Sheol	“even to the world of the dead”
DEU	32	23	g9k3	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh’s words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	32	23	p1xb	figs-metaphor		0	I will heap disasters on them	Yahweh speaks of bad things that would happen to the Israelites as if they were something like dirt that he could pile up on top of the Israelites. Alternate translation: “I will make sure that many bad things happen to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	32	23	ys8x	figs-metaphor		0	I will shoot all my arrows at them	Here Yahweh compares the bad things he will make sure happen to the Israelites to someone shooting arrows from a bow. Alternate translation: “I will do all I can do to kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	32	24	vr46	figs-activepassive		0	They will be wasted by hunger	This can be stated in active form. The abstract noun “hunger” can be translated as the verb “be hungry.” Alternate translation: “They will grow weak and die because they are hungry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
DEU	32	24	sj74	figs-activepassive		0	They will…hunger and devoured by burning heat and bitter destruction	Possible meanings of “burning heat” are (1) the Israelites will suffer from fevers or (2) the weather will be unusually hot during a drought or famine. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They will…hunger, and burning heat and terrible disasters will devour them” or “They will…hunger, and they will die from burning heat and terrible disasters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	32	24	l8d2	figs-synecdoche		0	I will send on them the teeth of wild animals, with the poison of things that crawl in the dust	The teeth and the poison are synecdoches for the animals that use these things to kill. Alternate translation: “I will send wild animals to bite them, and things that crawl in the dust to bite and poison them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	32	25	ci4t	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh’s words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	32	25	fy8e	figs-metonymy		0	Outside the sword will bereave	Here “sword” represents the army of the enemy. Alternate translation: “When the Israelites are outside, the enemy army will kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	32	25	kgf9	figs-personification		0	terror will do so	Yahweh speaks of being afraid as if it were a person who comes into a house and kills those who live in it. Alternate translation: “you will die because you are afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
DEU	32	25	mhn4	figs-merism		0	young man and virgin, the nursing baby, and the man of gray hairs	These terms describing people of different ages are combined to mean that all kinds of people will die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
DEU	32	26	p3ic	figs-quotations		0	I said that I would…away, that I would…mankind.	This can be translated as a direct quote. Alternate translation: “I said, ‘I will…away, and I will…mankind.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
DEU	32	26	ly17			0	I would make the memory of them to cease from among mankind	“I would make all people forget about them”
DEU	32	27	b351	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh’s words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	32	27	gg1k			0	Were it not that I feared the provocation of the enemy	“I was afraid of the provocation of the enemy”
DEU	32	27	vz7e	figs-abstractnouns		0	the provocation of the enemy	This abstract noun can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “that the enemy would provoke me” or “that the enemy would cause me to be angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
DEU	32	27	lw79	figs-pronouns		0	the enemy	Yahweh speaks of his enemies as if they are one man. Alternate translation: “my enemy” or “my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
DEU	32	27	w8l7			0	judge mistakenly	“misunderstand”
DEU	32	27	sbq8	figs-metonymy		0	Our hand is exalted	Here “hand” represents the strength or power of a person. To be exalted is an idiom for defeating an enemy. Alternate translation: “We have defeated them because we are more powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	32	28	uqg7	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh’s words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	32	29	p62h	figs-hypo		0	Oh, that they were wise, that they understood this, that they would consider their coming fate	Moses states something that he wishes were true, but he knows that they are not wise and do not understand that their disobedience will cause Yahweh to bring this disaster on them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
DEU	32	29	c7cm	figs-abstractnouns		0	their coming fate	The abstract noun “fate” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “what is going to happen to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
DEU	32	30	u5ex	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh’s words and tell them more of what they would have understood if they were wise ([Deuteronomy 32:29](../32/29.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	32	30	qr7h	figs-rquestion		0	How could one chase a thousand…Yahweh had given them up?	Moses uses a question to scold the people for not being wise enough to understand why their enemies are defeating them. This question can be translated as a statement as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
DEU	32	30	vu9l	translate-numbers		0	How could one chase a thousand, and two put ten thousand to flight	You can make clear the understood information. Alternate translation: “How could 1 enemy soldier chase 1,000 of your men, and 2 enemy soldiers cause 10,000 of your men to run away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
DEU	32	30	v82y	figs-metaphor		0	unless their Rock had sold them	The word “Rock” refers to Yahweh who is strong and able to protect his people. Alternate translation: “unless Yahweh, their Rock, had handed them over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	32	30	tv28	figs-metaphor		0	their Rock	“The Rock” here is a proper name that Moses gives to Yahweh, who, like a rock, is strong and able to protect his people. Translate “Rock” as in [Deuteronomy 32:4](../32/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	32	31	d2ny	figs-metaphor		0	our Rock	“The Rock” here is a proper name that Moses gives to Yahweh, who, like a rock, is strong and able to protect his people. Translate “Rock” as in [Deuteronomy 32:4](../32/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	32	31	r1wx			0	our enemies’ rock is not like our Rock	The enemies’ idols and false gods are not powerful like Yahweh.
DEU	32	31	lbx7			0	just as even our enemies admit	“not only do we say so, but our enemies say so also”
DEU	32	32	a5z3	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh’s words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	32	32	tch7	figs-metaphor		0	For their vine comes from the vine of Sodom…clusters are bitter	Moses compares enemies who worship false gods to the wicked people who lived in Sodom and Gomorrah and to grapevines that produce poisonous fruit. This means their enemies are wicked and will cause the Israelites to die if the Israelites start to act like the people who live around them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	32	32	l3du	figs-metaphor		0	their vine comes from the vine of Sodom, and from the fields of Gomorrah	The vine is a metaphor for the people group. “it is as if their vine were a branch of the vines that grew in the fields of Sodom and Gomorrah” or Alternate translation: “they do evil the same way the people who lived in Sodom and Gomorrah did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	32	32	i5fv			0	their clusters	“their clusters of grapes”
DEU	32	33	y87k	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. He continues to quote Yahweh’s words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	32	33	zwn7	figs-metaphor		0	Their wine is the poison of serpents and the cruel venom of asps	Moses continues comparing the enemies of the people of Israel to grapevines that produce poisonous fruit and wine. This means their enemies are wicked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	32	33	rck8			0	asps	poisonous snakes
DEU	32	34	eti9	figs-rquestion		0	Is not this plan secretly kept by me, sealed up among my treasures?	This question emphasizes that Yahweh’s plans for the people of Israel are kept secret like a valuable treasure. The rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. It can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I know what I have planned to do to the Israelite people and to their enemies, and I have locked up those plans as someone would lock up his valuable possessions.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	32	35	wr4g	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. This is the end of Moses’s quotation of Yahweh’s words that begins in [Deuteronomy 32:20](../32/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	32	35	sg4m	figs-doublet		0	Vengeance is mine to give, and recompense	The words “vengeance” and “recompense” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “I will have vengeance and punish Israel’s enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
DEU	32	35	v1h2			0	recompense	to punish or reward a person for what he has done
DEU	32	35	dj8g	figs-idiom		0	their foot slips	Something bad has happened to them. Alternate translation: “they are helpless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	32	35	ad9x			0	the day of disaster for them	“the time for me to destroy them”
DEU	32	35	jvl7	figs-metaphor		0	the things that are to come on them will hurry to happen	Yahweh speaks of the bad things that will happen to his enemies as if the bad things were people running eagerly to punish them. Alternate translation: “I will punish them quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	32	36	h6tb	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses continues to speak a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	32	36	z7w2	figs-abstractnouns		0	For Yahweh will give justice to his people	The abstract noun “justice” can be translated as an adjective or as an adverb. Alternate translation: “For Yahweh will do what is just for his people” or “For Yahweh will act justly towards his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
DEU	32	36	s7w9			0	he will pity his servants	“he will feel that he needs to help his servants”
DEU	32	37	y7ls	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	32	38	en77	figs-rquestion		0	The gods who ate the fat of their sacrifices and drank the wine of their drink offerings?	Here Yahweh mocks the people of Israel for offering sacrifices to other gods. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “The gods to whom the Israelites offered meat and wine have not come to help them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
DEU	32	38	vtv4	figs-irony		0	Let them rise up and help you; let them be your protection	Yahweh says this to mock the Israelites. He knows these gods cannot help them. Alternate translation: “These idols are not even able to get up and help or to protect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
DEU	32	39	rkh6	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	32	39	kii3			0	I, even I	“I, I myself” or “I, I alone.” Yahweh repeats “I” to emphasize that only he is God.
DEU	32	40	wwk7			0	I lift up my hand to heaven and say	“I lift up my hand to heaven and swear” or “I have taken an oath.” Lifting up the hand is a sign of making an oath.
DEU	32	40	la6k			0	As I live forever	“As certainly as I live forever” or “I swear by my life which is never-ending.” This statement assures the people that what God says in [Deuteronomy 32:41](../32/41.md)-[Deuteronomy 32:42](./42.md) will happen.
DEU	32	41	zb2k	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	32	41	x382	figs-metonymy		0	When I sharpen my glittering sword	“When I sharpen my shining sword.” This means God is preparing to judge and punish his enemies. Alternate translation: “When I am ready to judge my enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	32	41	yfw3	figs-synecdoche		0	when my hand begins to bring justice	Here “hand” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “when I get ready to judge the wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	32	42	p1fx	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses speaks a poetic song to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	32	42	mma7	figs-metaphor		0	I will make my arrows drunk with blood, and my sword will devour flesh with the blood	Yahweh speaks of arrows as if they were people to whom he could give alcohol and make them drunk, and of a sword as if it were a person who was so hungry that he would eat an animal before draining the blood out. These metaphors are metonyms for a soldier using arrows and a sword to kill many enemies. This in turn is a metaphor for Yahweh killing his enemies in war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
DEU	32	42	ml4t			0	from the heads of the leaders of the enemy	A possible meaning is “from the long-haired heads of the enemy.”
DEU	32	43	mm3z	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	This is the end of Moses’ song. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	32	43	hzi1	figs-metonymy		0	Rejoice, you nations	Moses addresses the peoples of all the nations as if they were there listening. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
DEU	32	43	h5mv	figs-metonymy		0	for he will avenge the blood of his servants; he will render vengeance on his enemies	Here “blood of his servants” represents the lives of his innocent servants who were killed. Alternate translation: “for he will take revenge on his enemies, who killed his servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	32	44	q6l6			0	recited	Possible meanings are (1) “spoke” or (2) “sang.”
DEU	32	44	zdk4	figs-synecdoche		0	in the ears of the people	Here “ears” represents the people themselves and emphasizes that Moses wanted to make sure they heard the song clearly. Alternate translation: “to the people so they would be sure to hear it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	32	45	a69v			0	reciting	Possible meanings are (1) “speaking” or (2) “singing.”
DEU	32	46	llt8			0	He said to them	“Moses said to the people of Israel”
DEU	32	46	sqq3	figs-idiom		0	Fix your mind on	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to” or “Think about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	32	46	iw4n			0	I have witnessed to you	Possible meanings are (1) “I have testified to you,” referring to what Yahweh has said he will do to the Israelites if they disobey, or (2) “I have commanded you,” referring to what Yahweh was commanding them to do.
DEU	32	46	a9uh			0	your children	“your children and descendants”
DEU	32	47	v8tt			0	this is	“this law is”
DEU	32	47	wd7v	figs-litotes		0	no trivial matter	This litotes can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “something very important” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
DEU	32	47	i8bs	figs-metonymy		0	because it is your life	The abstract noun “life” can be translated as the verb “live.” You may need to make explicit the metonymy of obeying the law, which represents the law itself. Alternate translation: “because you will live if you obey it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	32	47	a2bz	figs-metaphor		0	prolong your days	Long days are a metaphor for a long life. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:26](../04/26.md). Alternate translation: “be able to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	32	49	i56s	translate-names		0	mountains of Abarim	This is the name of a mountain range in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	32	49	gwe2			0	Abarim, up Mount Nebo	“Abarim and climb up Mount Nebo”
DEU	32	49	u1pf	translate-names		0	Mount Nebo	This is the highest place in the Abarim Mountains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	32	49	y54j			0	opposite Jericho	“on the other side of the river from Jericho”
DEU	32	50	n95r			0	General Information:	Yahweh finishes speaking to Moses.
DEU	32	50	w499	figs-euphemism		0	be gathered to your people	This is a polite way of saying Moses’ spirit would join the spirits of his relatives in the world of the dead. Alternate translation: “join your ancestors who died before you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
DEU	32	50	gnq5	translate-names		0	Mount Hor	This is the name of a mountain on the border of Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	32	51	mwq1	translate-names		0	Meribah	This is the name of the place in the desert where Moses disobeyed God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	32	51	fv5z	translate-names		0	wilderness of Zin	This is the name of a wilderness on the southern border of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	33	intro	y2l8			0		# Deuteronomy 33 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic lines of Moses’ blessings in 33:1-29.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Families<br>Moses gives a series of prophecies or instructions for each of the tribes of Israel and Israel overall. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
DEU	33	1	p6db	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses begins to bless the tribes of Israel. Moses speaks the blessing in the form of short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	33	2	b26n	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh came from Sinai and rose from Seir upon them. He shined out from Mount Paran	Moses compares Yahweh to the rising sun. Alternate translation: “When Yahweh came from Sinai, he looked to them like the sun when it rises from Seir and shines out from Mount Paran” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	33	2	d9h2			0	upon them	“upon the people of Israel”
DEU	33	2	d89e	translate-numbers		0	ten thousands of holy ones	“10,000 angels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU	33	2	v2fc			0	In his right hand were flashes of lightning	Other possible meanings are (1) “In his right hand were flames of fire” or (2) “He gave them a law of fire” or (3) “He came from the south, down his mountain slopes.”
DEU	33	3	dj5y	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	These verses are difficult to understand. Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:2](../33/02.md). Moses speaks the blessing in the form of short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	33	3	pjq4			0	the peoples	“the people of Israel”
DEU	33	3	uuu1	figs-pronouns		0	all his holy ones are in your hand…your feet…your words	The pronouns “his” and “your” refer to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “all Yahweh’s holy ones are in his hand…his feet…his words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
DEU	33	3	sx8z	figs-metonymy		0	all his holy ones are in your hand	The hand is a metonym for power and protection. Alternate translation: “you protect all his holy people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	33	4	j3nq			0	an inheritance	“a possession” or “a precious possession”
DEU	33	5	eer4	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Verse 5 is difficult to understand. Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:2](../33/02.md). The blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	33	5	c2d9			0	there was a king	“Yahweh became king”
DEU	33	5	g63w			0	Jeshurun	This is another name for Israel. Translated as in [Deuteronomy 32:15](../32/15.md).
DEU	33	6	xmf7			0	Let Reuben live	This begins Moses’ blessings to the individual tribes of Israel.
DEU	33	6	qs86			0	but may his men be few	Other possible meanings are (1) “and may his men not be few” or (2) “even though his men are few.”
DEU	33	7	e9mj	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:2](../33/02.md). The blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	33	7	hxx8	figs-metonymy		0	to the voice of Judah	Here “voice of Judah” refers to the cries and prayers of the people of Judah. Alternate translation: “when the people of Judah pray to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	33	7	v8f7	figs-abstractnouns		0	be a help	The abstract noun “help” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “help him to fight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
DEU	33	8	hq6l	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:2](../33/02.md). The blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	33	8	f539	figs-you		0	Your Thummim and your Urim	These were sacred stones the high priest carried on his breastplate and used at times to determine God’s will. Here “your” refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
DEU	33	8	d4cp	figs-metonymy		0	your faithful one, the one whom you tested…with whom you struggled	Moses refers to the tribe of Levi as if it were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	33	8	p5zx			0	your faithful one	“the one who seeks to please you.”
DEU	33	8	l4zu			0	Massah	See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 6:16](../06/16.md). Translator may add a footnote that says: “The name ‘Massah’ means ‘testing.’”
DEU	33	8	vr2z			0	Meribah	See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:51](../32/51.md). Translator may add a footnote that says: “The name ‘Meribah’ means ‘argue’ or ‘quarrel.’”
DEU	33	9	a55p	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:2](../33/02.md). The blessings are short poems. He continues describing the tribe of Levi, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:8](./08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	33	9	n8y3			0	your word	“your commands”
DEU	33	9	mi7x	figs-doublet		0	guarded…kept	These words both mean to watch over and to protect. They are often metaphors for “obeyed,” but here they should be translated literally because they refer to a time when the Levites literally killed people who were rebelling against Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	33	10	n6nd	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues to describe the tribe of Levi, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:8](../33/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	33	10	q9bv			0	your…your…you…your	Moses is speaking to Yahweh, so all these words are singular.
DEU	33	11	y1nd	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues describing the tribe of Levi, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:8](../33/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	33	11	m8mw			0	accept	be pleased with
DEU	33	11	g9hx	figs-synecdoche		0	the work of his hands	Here the word “hands” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “all the work that he does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
DEU	33	11	qcv6	figs-metonymy		0	Shatter the loins of	The loins were considered the center of strength, and are here represent strength. Alternate translation: “Take away the strength of” or “Utterly destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	33	11	m34s	figs-metaphor		0	rise up…rise up	This phrase is used twice as a metaphor. Alternate translation: “rise up to fight…cause any more trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	33	11	d2c2	figs-idiom		0	rise up against	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “fight against” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	33	12	c4ca	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	33	12	wbv9	figs-activepassive		0	The one loved by Yahweh lives	Here Moses is referring to the members of the tribe of Benjamin. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The ones whom Yahweh loves live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	33	12	rf48	figs-abstractnouns		0	lives in security	The abstact noun “security” can be translated using a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “lives where no one can harm him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
DEU	33	12	t7re			0	he lives between Yahweh’s arms	Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh protects the tribe of Benjamin with his power or (2) Yahweh lives in the hill region of the tribe of Benjamin. In both translations, it means Yahweh takes care of them.
DEU	33	13	bn1r	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	33	13	l4ua			0	About Joseph	This refers to the tribe of Ephraim and the tribe of Manasseh. Both tribes descended from Joseph.
DEU	33	13	vty3	figs-metonymy		0	May his land be blessed by Yahweh	The word “his” refers to Joseph which represents the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh bless their land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	33	13	y87w			0	with the precious things of heaven, with the dew	“with the precious dew from the sky” or “with the precious rain from the sky”
DEU	33	13	rzk5			0	dew	water that forms on leaves and grass on cool mornings. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:2](../32/02.md).
DEU	33	13	xy69			0	the deep that lies beneath	This refers to the water under the ground.
DEU	33	14	tz8j	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues to describe the tribe of Joseph, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:13](../33/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	33	14	xt79	figs-activepassive		0	May his land be blessed	This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 33:13](../33/13.md). Alternate translation: “May Yahweh bless his land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	33	14	jc3s			0	with the precious things of the harvest of the sun	“with the best crops that the sun causes to grow”
DEU	33	14	w7c3			0	with the precious things of the produce of the months	“with the best crops that grow month to month”
DEU	33	15	y6md	figs-explicit		0	finest things…precious things	Moses is probably referring to food crops. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “the best fruits…the precious fruits” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	33	15	ex8p			0	ancient mountains	“the mountains that existed long ago”
DEU	33	15	e1pr			0	everlasting hills	“the hills that will exist forever”
DEU	33	16	rm3x	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues to describe the tribe of Joseph, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:13](../33/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	33	16	t49i	figs-activepassive		0	May his land be blessed	This can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 33:13](../33/13.md). Alternate translation: “May Yahweh bless his land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	33	16	sq7u			0	its abundance	The abstract noun “abundance” can be translated as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “what it produces in large amounts”
DEU	33	16	z8v1	figs-explicit		0	him who was in the bush	The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, who spoke to Moses from the burning bush” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	33	16	s176	figs-metaphor		0	Let the blessing come on the head of Joseph	This metaphor is of a man putting his hand on the head of a son and asking God to bless the son. The man here is Yahweh. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh bless Joseph as a father blesses his son” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	33	16	yvh8	figs-synecdoche		0	come on the head of Joseph, and on the top of the head of him	Here “head” and “top of the head” represent the whole person. Also, Joseph represents his descendants. Alternate translation: “be upon the descendants of Joseph” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	33	16	wr2z			0	top of the head	Another possible meaning is “brow” or “forehead.”
DEU	33	17	dw4y	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues to describe the tribe of Joseph, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:13](../33/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	33	17	h7um	figs-metaphor		0	The firstborn of an ox, majestic is he	The ox is a metaphor for something large and strong. The word “firstborn” is a metaphor for honor. Alternate translation: “People will honor Joseph’s descendants, who are many and powerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	33	17	emy2	figs-metaphor		0	his horns are the horns of	The horn is a metaphor for strength. Alternate translation: “he is as strong as” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	33	17	s54w	figs-metaphor		0	With them he will push	Pushing with his horns is a metaphor for strength. Alternate translation: “He is so strong that he will push” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	33	17	nv6i	translate-numbers		0	ten thousands of Ephraim…the thousands of Manasseh	This means the tribe of Ephraim will be stronger than the tribe of Manasseh. Alternate translation: “the people of Ephraim, who number many times 10,000…the people of Manasseh, who number many times 1,000” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU	33	18	g9eh	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses continues to bless each tribe of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He speaks to the tribes of Zebulun and Issachar as if they were one man, so the word “your” and the command “rejoice” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	33	18	m1l6	figs-explicit		0	Rejoice, Zebulun, in your going out, and you, Issachar, in your tents	The people of Zebulun were located near the Mediterranean Sea. They traveled by sea and traded with other people. The people of Issachar preferred peaceful living and working the land and raising cattle. You can make clear the understood information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	33	19	bwp6			0	There will they offer	“It is there that they will offer”
DEU	33	19	h5jn			0	sacrifices of righteousness	“acceptable sacrifices” or “proper sacrifices”
DEU	33	19	ime2			0	For they will suck the abundance of the seas, and from the sand on the seashore	Possible meanings are (1) they will trade with people across the sea or (2) they were beginning to use sand in making pottery.
DEU	33	19	cl5x	figs-metaphor		0	For they will suck the abundance of the seas	The Hebrew word translated “suck” here refers to how a baby nurses at its mother’s breast. It means the people will gain wealth from the sea like a baby gets milk from its mother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	33	20	r21i	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	33	20	sb7w	figs-activepassive		0	Blessed be he who enlarges Gad	This can stated in active form. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are (1) “May Yahweh bless Gad and give him much land to live in” or (2) “People should say that Yahweh is good because he has given Gad much land to live in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	33	20	qa5j	figs-simile		0	He will live there like a lioness, and he will tear off an arm or a head	This means the people of Gad are strong and secure, and they will defeat their enemies in war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
DEU	33	21	ypm2	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He continues to describe the tribe of Gad as one man, which he began to do in [Deuteronomy 33:20](../33/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	33	21	nad9			0	the leader’s portion	This means a larger piece of land that a leader normally took.
DEU	33	21	nfg7			0	He came with the heads of the people	“They met with all the leaders of the Israelites”
DEU	33	21	nt25			0	He carried out the justice of Yahweh and his decrees with Israel	“They obeyed all that Yahweh had commanded the Israelites”
DEU	33	22	r6bu	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	33	22	rjp5	figs-metaphor		0	Dan is a lion cub that leaps out from Bashan	The people of Dan are strong like a lion cub, and they attack their enemies who live in Bashan. You can make clear the understood information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
DEU	33	23	xsb4	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. He speaks of the descendants of Naphtali as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	33	23	j9cl	figs-metaphor		0	satisfied with favor	Yahweh being pleased with Naphtali is spoken of as if “favor” were food that Naphtali ate until he was no longer hungry. Alternate translation: “who has all the good things he desires because Yahweh is pleased with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	33	23	xhj4			0	full of the blessing of Yahweh	Blessings are spoken of as if they were food that Naphtali ate until he could hold no more. Alternate translation: “whom Yahweh has blessed so that he has all he needs”
DEU	33	23	av3i	figs-you		0	take possession	Moses speaks as if the tribe of Naphtali is one man, so these words are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	33	23	q4kc	figs-explicit		0	the land to the west and south	This refers to the land around Lake Galilee. The full meaning of this statement may be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	33	24	b3kp	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Moses continues to bless the tribes of Israel; the blessings are short poems. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
DEU	33	24	frq4	figs-explicit		0	dip his foot in olive oil	Olive oil was used for food and for the skin of the face and arms. Feet were dirty, so to put the foot in olive oil was to ruin valuable oil. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “have so much olive oil that he can afford to waste it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	33	25	ht1b	figs-you		0	your city bars…your days…your security	Moses speaks to the tribe of Asher as if they are one man, so all instances of “your” are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	33	25	eim5	figs-explicit		0	May your city bars be iron and bronze	Cities had large bars across their gates to keep enemies out. The meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “May you be safe from attacks by your enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	33	26	wxb7	figs-metaphor		0	rides through the heavens…on the clouds	This is an image of Yahweh riding on clouds through the sky like a king on his chariot riding through a battlefield. Alternate translation: “rides through the heavens like a king rides through a battlefield…on the clouds like a king on his chariot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	33	26	l9qh	figs-you		0	to your help	“to help you.” Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	33	27	if2j	figs-abstractnouns		0	The eternal God is a refuge	The abstract noun “refuge,” which means a shelter or a place safe from danger, can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “The eternal God will protect his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
DEU	33	27	bk5r	figs-metaphor		0	underneath are the everlasting arms	The words “everlasting arms” are a metaphor for Yahweh’s promise to protect his people forever. Alternate translation: “he will support and take care of his people forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	33	27	hrf2	figs-pastforfuture		0	He thrust out…he said	Moses speaks of the future as if it were the past to emphasize that what he is saying will come true. AT “He will thrust out…he will say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
DEU	33	27	zfz8	figs-you		0	before you…Destroy	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word “you” and the command “destroy” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	33	27	an79	figs-quotations		0	he said, “Destroy!”	If this direct quotation would not work well in your language, you may change it to an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “he will tell you to destroy them!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
DEU	33	28	c8xi	figs-pastforfuture		0	Israel dwelt…Jacob’s spring was secure	Possible meanings are (1) Moses speaks of the future as if it were the past to emphasize that what he is saying will come true, “Israel will dwell…Jacob’s spring will be secure” or (2) Moses is blessing Israel, “May Israel dwell…and may Jacob’s spring be secure.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
DEU	33	28	cp65	figs-metonymy		0	Jacob’s spring	Possible meanings are (1) Jacob’s home or (2) Jacob’s descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
DEU	33	28	ze3a	figs-metaphor		0	let his heavens drop dew	The dew is spoken of as being so much that it is as if it were raining. Possible meanings are (1) Moses is blessing Israel, “may much dew cover the land like rain” or (2) Moses is telling what will happen in the future, “much dew will cover the land like rain.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	33	28	qcg6			0	dew	water that forms on leaves and grass on cool mornings. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:2](../32/02.md).
DEU	33	29	hn5q	figs-you		0	General Information:	Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
DEU	33	29	q9sn	figs-rquestion		0	Who is like you, a people saved by Yahweh…majesty?	This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. It can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “There is no other people group like you, a people whom Yahweh has saved…majesty.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
DEU	33	29	n3du	figs-merism		0	the shield…the sword	This merism speaks of Yahweh defending the Israelites from their enemies and enabling them to attack their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
DEU	33	29	tm9a	figs-metaphor		0	the shield of your help	The word “shield” is a metaphor for Yahweh protecting and defending the Israelites. The abstract noun “help” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “the one who protects you and helps you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
DEU	33	29	cur3	figs-metaphor		0	the sword of your majesty	The word “sword” is a metaphor for the power to kill with the sword in order to win battles. Alternate translation: “the one who enables you to win battles and so have majesty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	33	29	ly3l			0	you will trample down their high places	Possible meanings are (1) the Israelites will destroy the places where the other people worship false gods or (2) the Israelites will walk on the backs of their enemies when the Israelites defeat them.
DEU	34	intro	kh67			0		# Deuteronomy 34 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter may have been written by Joshua, since it recorded Moses’ death. This chapter officially ends the revelation of the law of Moses, and life in the Promised Land is about to begin again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
DEU	34	1	ayb8			0	Mount Nebo	This is the highest point of Mount Pisgah which is in the northern part of the Abarim mountain range. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 32:49](../32/49.md).
DEU	34	1	r9wl			0	Pisgah	See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 3:17](../03/17.md).
DEU	34	3	h1nc	translate-names		0	the City of Palms	This is another name for Jericho. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
DEU	34	4	aj1d			0	look at it with your eyes	“see it for yourself”
DEU	34	6	z3y1			0	Beth Peor	This was a town in Moab. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 3:29](../03/29.md).
DEU	34	6	i3kg			0	to this day	This refers to the time that this was written or edited, not to the present time in the twenty-first century.
DEU	34	7	l52x	translate-numbers		0	one hundred twenty years old	“30 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU	34	7	gif3			0	his eye was not dim, nor his natural force abated	This means his eyes and body were still strong and healthy.
DEU	34	8	uz65	translate-numbers		0	thirty days	“30 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
DEU	34	9	znf5			0	son of Nun	See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:38](../01/38.md).
DEU	34	9	g774	figs-metaphor		0	Joshua…was full of the spirit of wisdom	The writer speaks as if Joshua were a container and the spirit were a physical object that could be put into a container. Alternate translation: “Yahweh enabled Joshua…to be very wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
DEU	34	9	yd83	figs-explicit		0	Moses had laid his hands on him	The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Moses had laid his hands on him to set Joshua apart so Joshua would serve Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
DEU	34	10	t1l8	figs-idiom		0	Yahweh knew face to face	This is an idiom. It means Yahweh and Moses had a very close relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
DEU	34	12	mq8g			0	in all the great	“who did all the great”
