約12:37–41 他雖然在他們面前行了許多神蹟，他們還是不信他。 這是要應驗先知以賽亞的話，說：主阿，我們所傳的有誰信呢？主的膀臂向誰顯露呢？ 他們所以不能信，因為以賽亞又說： 主叫他們瞎了眼，硬了心，免得他們眼睛看見，心裡明白，回轉過來，我就醫治他們。 以賽亞因為**看見他的榮耀**，就指著他說這話。 

羅10:20 又有以賽亞**放膽**說：沒有尋找我的，我叫他們遇見；沒有訪問我的，我向他們顯現。 

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# 歷史脈絡
## 作者
- 以賽亞 (Isaiah)：(יְשַׁעְיָהוּ)、Ἠσαΐας ，意思是：耶和華是拯救
	- 亞摩斯 (Amoz) 的兒子 (賽1:1; 2:1; 13:1)
	- 已婚，至少有兩個兒子 (
		- 賽7:3; 8:3, 18

## 年代
- 主前八世紀，大約從 740-690+ BC
	- 賽1:1 當烏西雅(792-740 BC)、約坦(750-735 BC)、亞哈斯(735-715 BC)、希西家(727-686 BC)作猶大王的時候，亞摩斯的兒子以賽亞得默示，論到猶大和耶路撒冷。
	- 賽6:1 當烏西雅王崩的那年，我見主坐在高高的寶座上。他的衣裳垂下，遮滿聖殿。 => 740 BC
	- 賽 7:1 烏西雅的孫子、約坦的兒子、猶大王亞哈斯在位的時候，亞蘭王利汛和利瑪利的兒子、以色列王比加上來攻打耶路撒冷，卻不能攻取。 => 735 BC
	- 賽36:1 希西家王十四年，亞述王西拿基立上來攻擊猶大的一切堅固城，將城攻取。 => 701 BC


# 神學脈絡
# 文學脈絡
- 大綱：
	- (1-39)
		- (1-6)
		- (7-39)
			- 信靠亞哈斯 (7-12)
			- (13-35)
			- 希西家 (36-39)
	- (40-55)
	- (56-66)
- 三大段：Ch. 1-39、Ch. 40-55、Ch. 56-66
-  Oswalt 大綱 --- John N. Oswalt, Isaiah, The NIV Application Commentary (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 2003), 65–66.：
	- I. Introduction: God’s Servants, Now and Then (1:1–5:30)
		- A. God’s Denunciation, Appeal, and Promise (1:1–31)
		-B. The Problem: What Israel Is Versus What She Will Be (2:1–4:6)
			- 1. The Destiny of the House of Jacob (2:1–5)
			- 2. The House of Jacob Forsaken (2:6–4:1)
			- 3. Israel Restored (4:2–6)
		- C. A Harvest of Wild Grapes (5:1–30)
	- II. A Call to Servanthood (6:1–13)
	- III. Lessons in Trust—the Basis of Servanthood (7:1–39:8)
		- A. God or Assyria? No Trust (7:1–12:6)
			- 1. Children, Signs of God’s Presence (7:1–9:7)
			- 2. Measured by God’s Standards (9:8–10:4)
			- 3. Hope for Restoration (10:5–11:16)
			- 4. The Song of Trust (12:1–6)
		-B. God: Master of the Nations (13:1–35:10)
			- 1. God’s Judgment on the Nations (13:1–23:18)
			- 2. God’s Triumph over the Nations (24:1–27:13)
			- 3. The Folly of Trusting the Nations (28:1–33:24)
			- 4. Trusting God or the Nations: Results (34:1–35:10)
		- C. God or Assyria? Trust (36:1–39:8)
			- 1. The Assyrian Threat (36:1–37:38)
			- 2. The Human Limits of Trust (38:1–39:8)
	- IV. The Vocation of Servanthood (40:1–55:13)
		- A. Introduction: The Servant’s Lord (40:1–31)
		-B. Motive for Servanthood: Grace (41:1–48:22)
			- 1. The Servants of the Lord: His Witnesses (41:1–44:22)
			- 2. The Lord Delivers His Servants (44:23–46:13)
			- 3. The Lord’s Testimony (47:1–48:22)
		- C. Means of Servanthood: Atonement (49:1–55:13)
			- 1. Anticipation of Reconciliation (49:1–52:12)
			- 2. Revelation of the Means of Reconciliation (52:13–53:12)
			- 3. Invitation to Reconciliation (54:1–55:13)
	- V. The Marks of Servanthood: Divine Character (56:1–66:24)
		- A. Human Inability (56:1–59:21)
			- 1. Humility and Holiness (56:1–57:21)
			- 2. Righteousness and Ritual (58:1–59:21)
		-B. The Lord Has Glorified You (60:1–62:12)
		- C. Divine Ability (63:1–66:24)
			- 1. Israel’s Faithfulness; the Lord’s Faithfulness (63:1–65:16)
			- 2. The Final Judgment (65:17–66:24)





Outline of Isaiah


## 經文大綱



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