mirror of https://git.door43.org/Andley/BG4e
7.2 KiB
7.2 KiB
§313 Dative
Dative (間接受格) 的涵義是,表達與動作間接 (indirectly)、遙遙 (remotely) 相關的人事物 (GGBB, 139; AGG §172)。聖經希臘文 (KG) 五格系統的間接受格 (dative),取代了古典希臘文 (CG) 八格系統的 (a) pure dative、(b) instrumental、(c) locative 三種格,提供與動作相關 (a) WHOM (pure dative)、(b) HOW (instrumental)、(c) WHERE/WHEN (locative) 三方面的資訊 (GGBB, 139; AGG §173)。
- §313 Dative
- ==§313.1 Pure Dative== ⇒ 當 C 使用
- Idioms : Ch.4 Advantage or disadvantage (§2.5.2); Object (§2.5.5)
- GGBB : Dative Indirect Object (pp.140-2); Dative Direct Object (p.171); Dative of Interest (pp. 142-4)
- AGG : Objective dative (§174), 包括 indirect object (§174a), dative object (§174b), 以及 either (§174c); Dative of interest (§176a)
- ==§313.2 Instrumental Dative== ⇒ 當 A 使用
- Idioms : Ch.4 Instrument, agent, cause, means or manner (§2.5.3)
- GGBB :
- AGG : dative of instrument (§177a); dative of cause (§177b); dative of manner (§180)
- ==§313.3 Locative Dative== ⇒ 當 A 使用
- Idioms : Ch.4 Respect (association, possession, sphere) (§2.5.1); Time or space (locative) (§2.5.4)
- GGBB : Dative of Reference/Respect (pp. 144-6); Dative of Possession (pp. 149-51)
- AGG : possessive dative (§176b); Dative of respect (§178a); Dative of difference/measure (§178b); Dative of association (§179a); Dative of place (§181); Dative of time (§182)
- ==§313.1 Pure Dative== ⇒ 當 C 使用
§313.1 Pure Dative
- #GGBB Joh 4:10
- jjjjj
- #AGG Joh 4:11
- bbbb
§313.1a Dative of Interest
§313.1b Dative of Indirect Object
§313.1c Dative of Direct Object
§313.2 Instrumental Dative
§313.2a Dative of Instrument/Means
§313.2b Dative of Cause
§313.2c Dative of Manner
§313.3 Locative Dative
§313.3a Dative of Time/Place
§313.3b Dative of Respect/Reference/Association
§313.3c Dative of Possession
- (a) Dative Proper
- Objective Dative (AGG §174) ⇒ Oi/Odat;補語 (C)
- a) 有些動詞常常會帶兩個補語,一個直接受格、一個間接受格 (AGG §174a)
結構:S—P—C(Od: direct object)—C(Oi: indirect object)- παρέχω = to grant sth. to s.o.
- ἐμφανίζω = to make sth. visible = to s.o.
- χαρίζομαι = to grant (also forgive) sth. to s.o.
- φανερόω = to reveal sth. to s.o.
- δείκνυμι = to show sth. to s.o.
- γνωρίζω = to make sth. known to s.o.
- ἀποκαλύπτω = to disclose/reveal sth. to s.o.
- ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯言說寫動詞⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯
- λέγω = to say sth. to. s.o. (also πρός + acc. for Oi)
- λαλέω = to say sth. to s.o. (also μετά + gen. for Oi)
- γράφω = to write sth. to s.o.
- ἐπιστέλλω = to write sth. to s.o.
- ἀναγγέλλω = to report sth. to s.o.
- b) 有些動詞常帶一個間接受格當補語 (AGG §174b)
結構:S—P—C(Odat dative object)- a) verbs signifying to serve, to minister:
- δουλεύω, διακονέω, λατρεύω
- b) verbs signifying to believe, to trust:
- πιστεύω, πέποιθα
- (πιστεύω 39× with Odat, 48× with εἰς+acc., 22× with ὅτι-clause, less frequently with ἐπί/ἐν)
- πιστεύω, πέποιθα
- c) verbs signifying to obey:
- ὑπακούω, πείθομαι
- d) verbs signifying to command:
- ἐπιτάσσω, παραγγέλλω
- a) verbs signifying to serve, to minister:
- c) 有些動詞會把以上兩種情況混搭使用 (AGG §174c)
- εὐαγγελίζομαι = to announce/proclaim good news
- 大多是 S—P—C(Od)—C(Oi);偶而也有 S—P—C(Odat)
- προσκυνέω = to pay homage to, to worship
- εὐαγγελίζομαι = to announce/proclaim good news
- a) 有些動詞常常會帶兩個補語,一個直接受格、一個間接受格 (AGG §174a)
- Dative of Association (AGG §179a) ⇒ Odat;補語 (C)
- ἀκολουθέω to follow s.o.
- ἐγγίζω to approach s.o.
- καταλλάσσομαι (Pass.) to be reconciled with/to s.o.
- κοινωνέω (also + gen.) to have a share in sth. (Ga 6:6 1Pe 4:13 etc.)
- κολλάομαι to join s.o., to be united to s.o. (1Cor 6:17 etc.)
- ὁμοιόω to make the same as sth./s.o., to compare with/to sth./s.o. (He 2:17 etc.)
- προσέρχομαι to approach sth./s.o. (He 7:25 etc.)
- χρήομαι/χράομαι (↑84c) to make use of sth.
- Dative of Manner (AGG §180b) ⇒ ManC;補語 (C)
- πορεύομαι
- στοιχέω
- περιπατέω
- Objective Dative (AGG §174) ⇒ Oi/Odat;補語 (C)
當 C or A?
- Leedy (2019)
- The basic rule of thumb is obvious: transitive verbs take objects, direct and indirect. But occasionally the dative with a transitive verb seems clearly = to express a person advantaged or disadvantaged by the action rather than someone indirectly acted upon.
- ὅσα ὁ Κύριός σοι πεποίηκεν
- σοι 當 A (adverbial idea of personal interest)
- σοι 當 C (Jesus performed the action of doing directly upon the “things” [ὅσα] and indirectly upon the man)
- 根據 BDAG,當 A 比較好。
- Ἡρῴδης τοῖς γενεσίοις αὐτοῦ δεῖπνον ἐποίησεν τοῖς μεγιστᾶσιν αὐτοῦ
- τοῖς μεγιστᾶσιν αὐτοῦ 只能當 A (利益間接受格)
- τὴν συναγωγὴν αὐτὸς ᾠκοδόμησεν ἡμῖν.
- ἡμῖν = A (利益間接受格)
- ὅσα ὁ Κύριός σοι πεποίηκεν
- The basic rule of thumb is obvious: transitive verbs take objects, direct and indirect. But occasionally the dative with a transitive verb seems clearly = to express a person advantaged or disadvantaged by the action rather than someone indirectly acted upon.