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Affected files: .obsidian/workspace.json Syntax/Syntax.md Syntax/§311a.md
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Andley Chang
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"Syntax/Syntax.md",
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"Syntax/§311a.md",
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"README.md",
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"BBG4E/BG4E 規劃.canvas",
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"Syntax/§311.md",
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"BBG4E/HW8.md",
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@ -194,16 +214,8 @@
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"BBG4E/HW1.md",
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"Parables/Joh.10.1-18.md",
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"Parables/Joh.15.1-8.md",
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"Parables/Parables-John.md",
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"Parables/Parables-Mark.md",
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"Biblography.md",
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"cheatsheet.md",
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"Digital-Tools.md",
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"Greek Pedagogy.md",
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"Idioms.md",
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"Synonyms",
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"47-2Corinthians",
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"BBG4E/BG4E 規劃.canvas",
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"62-1John/1Jo.4.7-12.pdf",
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"images/Pasted image 20230403142914.png",
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"40-Matthew",
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@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
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- Part VII 段落與篇章 (Paragraph and Discourse) §7xx
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- [[discourse is more than]]
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- [[information strucutre]]
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- Context and Cotext
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- Context and Cotext
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- ═════════════
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- 附錄
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- 附錄 I：希臘文學習策略與方法
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@ -80,17 +80,17 @@
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- 參考書目
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| 縮寫 | 書目 |
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| 縮寫 | 書目 |
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|:---------:|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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| GGBB | Wallace, Daniel B. <em>Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics</em>. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1996. |
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| 中希 | 華勒斯(Daniel B. Wallace)。《中級希臘文文法》。吳存仁譯。台北市：中華福音神學院，2011。 |
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| IGNT | Porter, Stanley E. <em>Idioms of the Greek New Testament</em>. Second edition with corrections. Sheffield, U.K.: Sheffield Academic, 1994. |
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| 慣用 | 斯丹利‧波特(Stanley E. Porter)。《新約希臘文的慣用語》。葉雅蓮譯。台北市：中華福音神學院，2013。 |
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| DEEP | Köstenberger, Andreas J., Benjamin L. Merkle, and Robert L. Plummer. <em>Going Deeper with New Testament Greek: An Intermediate Study of the Grammar and Syntax of the New Testament</em>. Nashville, TN.: B&H Academic, 2016. |
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| IGG | Mathewson, David L., and Elodie Ballantine Emig. <em>Intermediate Greek Grammar: Syntax for Students of the New Testament</em>. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2016. |
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| Funk | Funk, Robert W. <em>A Beginning-Intermediate Grammar of Hellenistic Greek</em>. 3rd ed. Polebridge Press, 2013. |
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| Runge | Runge, Steven E. <em>Discourse Grammar of the Greek New Testament: A Practical Introduction for Teaching and Exegesis</em>. Peabody, MA.: Hendrickson, 2010. |
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| Levinsohn | Levinsohn, Stephen H. <em>Discourse Features of New Testament Greek: A Coursebook on the Information Structure of New Testament Greek</em>. 2nd ed. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International, 2000. |
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| GGBB | Wallace, Daniel B. <em>Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics</em>. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1996. |
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| 中希 | 華勒斯(Daniel B. Wallace)。《中級希臘文文法》。吳存仁譯。台北市：中華福音神學院，2011。 |
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| IGNT | Porter, Stanley E. <em>Idioms of the Greek New Testament</em>. Second edition with corrections. Sheffield, U.K.: Sheffield Academic, 1994. |
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| 慣用 | 斯丹利‧波特(Stanley E. Porter)。《新約希臘文的慣用語》。葉雅蓮譯。台北市：中華福音神學院，2013。 |
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| DEEP | Köstenberger, Andreas J., Benjamin L. Merkle, and Robert L. Plummer. <em>Going Deeper with New Testament Greek: An Intermediate Study of the Grammar and Syntax of the New Testament</em>. Nashville, TN.: B&H Academic, 2016. |
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| IGG | Mathewson, David L., and Elodie Ballantine Emig. <em>Intermediate Greek Grammar: Syntax for Students of the New Testament</em>. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2016. |
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| Funk | Funk, Robert W. <em>A Beginning-Intermediate Grammar of Hellenistic Greek</em>. 3rd ed. Polebridge Press, 2013. |
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| Runge | Runge, Steven E. <em>Discourse Grammar of the Greek New Testament: A Practical Introduction for Teaching and Exegesis</em>. Peabody, MA.: Hendrickson, 2010. |
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| Levinsohn | Levinsohn, Stephen H. <em>Discourse Features of New Testament Greek: A Coursebook on the Information Structure of New Testament Greek</em>. 2nd ed. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International, 2000. |
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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Eugene Van Ness Goetchius, _The Language of the New Testament_ (New York: Scribn
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Goetchius 用「限定 (definiteness)、非限定 (indefiniteness)」當指標，認為「限定 (definiteness)」程度越高的是主語 (S)，並且列出五條規則來判斷誰是 S (主語)、誰是 PN (述語主格)：
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- (a) If one of the two nous is a *proper name*, it is the subject.
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- John 18:40 (<RUBY><ruby><ruby>ἦν<rt>εἰμί</rt></ruby><rt>Was</rt></ruby><rt>V-IAI-3S</rt></RUBY>)P <RUBY><ruby><ruby>δὲ<rt>δέ</rt></ruby><rt>now</rt></ruby><rt>CONJ</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>ὁ<rt>ὁ</rt></ruby><rt>-</rt></ruby><rt>T-NSM</rt></RUBY> (<RUBY><ruby><ruby>Βαραββᾶς<rt>Βαραββᾶς</rt></ruby><rt>Barabbas</rt></ruby><rt>N-NSM-P</rt></RUBY>)S (<RUBY><ruby><ruby>λῃστής.¶<rt>λῃστής</rt></ruby><rt>an insurrectionist</rt></ruby><rt>N-NSM</rt></RUBY>)PN
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- John 18:40 (<RUBY><ruby><ruby>ἦν<rt>εἰμί</rt></ruby><rt>Was</rt></ruby><rt>V-IAI-3S</rt></RUBY>)P <RUBY><ruby><ruby>δὲ<rt>δέ</rt></ruby><rt>now</rt></ruby><rt>CONJ</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>ὁ<rt>ὁ</rt></ruby><rt>-</rt></ruby><rt>T-NSM</rt></RUBY> (<RUBY><ruby><ruby>Βαραββᾶς<rt>Βαραββᾶς</rt></ruby><rt>Barabbas</rt></ruby><rt>N-NSM-P</rt></RUBY>)S (<RUBY><ruby><ruby>λῃστής.<rt>λῃστής</rt></ruby><rt>an insurrectionist</rt></ruby><rt>N-NSM</rt></RUBY>)PN
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- (b) If only one of the nouns has the article, it is the subject:
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- 1Jo 4:8 <RUBY><ruby><ruby>ὅτι<rt>ὅτι</rt></ruby><rt>because</rt></ruby><rt>CONJ</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>ὁ<rt>ὁ</rt></ruby><rt>-</rt></ruby><rt>T-NSM</rt></RUBY> (<RUBY><ruby><ruby>Θεὸς<rt>θεός</rt></ruby><rt>God</rt></ruby><rt>N-NSM</rt></RUBY>)S (<RUBY><ruby><ruby>ἀγάπη<rt>ἀγάπη</rt></ruby><rt>love</rt></ruby><rt>N-NSF</rt></RUBY>)PN (<RUBY><ruby><ruby>ἐστίν.<rt>εἰμί</rt></ruby><rt>is</rt></ruby><rt>V-PAI-3S</rt></RUBY>)P
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- (c) If both nouns are equally definite (or indefinite), the one which has the narrower reference is the subject:
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@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ McGaughy (1972, 32) 認為 Goetchius 的方法有缺陷：(1) 分類混亂。
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- Rule 3a: "Demonstrative and relative pronouns are subjects."
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- Mat 3:17 <RUBY><ruby><ruby>Οὗτός<rt>οὗτος</rt></ruby><rt>This</rt></ruby><rt>D-NSM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby><strong>ἐστιν</strong><rt>εἰμί</rt></ruby><rt>is</rt></ruby><rt>V-PAI-3S</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>ὁ<rt>ὁ</rt></ruby><rt>the</rt></ruby><rt>T-NSM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>Υἱός<rt>υἱός</rt></ruby><rt>Son</rt></ruby><rt>N-NSM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>μου<rt>ἐγώ</rt></ruby><rt>of me</rt></ruby><rt>P-1GS</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>ὁ<rt>ὁ</rt></ruby><rt>the</rt></ruby><rt>T-NSM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>ἀγαπητός,<rt>ἀγαπητός</rt></ruby><rt>beloved</rt></ruby><rt>A-NSM</rt></RUBY> ⇐ Οὗτός 是 S。
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- Mat 10:2 <RUBY><ruby><ruby>Τῶν<rt>ὁ</rt></ruby><rt>-</rt></ruby><rt>T-GPM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>δὲ<rt>δέ</rt></ruby><rt>And</rt></ruby><rt>CONJ</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>δώδεκα<rt>δώδεκα</rt></ruby><rt>of the twelve</rt></ruby><rt>A-GPM-NUI</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>ἀποστόλων<rt>ἀπόστολος</rt></ruby><rt>apostles</rt></ruby><rt>N-GPM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>τὰ<rt>ὁ</rt></ruby><rt>the</rt></ruby><rt>T-NPN</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>ὀνόματά<rt>ὄνομα</rt></ruby><rt>names</rt></ruby><rt>N-NPN</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby><strong>ἐστιν</strong><rt>εἰμί</rt></ruby><rt>are</rt></ruby><rt>V-PAI-3S</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>ταῦτα·<rt>οὗτος</rt></ruby><rt>these</rt></ruby><rt>D-NPN</rt></RUBY> ⇐ ταῦτα 是 S。
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- Mat 16:20 <RUBY><ruby><ruby>αὐτός<rt>αὐτός</rt></ruby><rt>He</rt></ruby><rt>P-NSM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby><strong>ἐστιν</strong><rt>εἰμί</rt></ruby><rt>is</rt></ruby><rt>V-PAI-3S</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>ὁ<rt>ὁ</rt></ruby><rt>the</rt></ruby><rt>T-NSM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>Χριστός.¶<rt>Χριστός</rt></ruby><rt>Christ</rt></ruby><rt>N-NSM-T</rt></RUBY> ⇐ αὐτός 是 S。
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- Mat 16:20 <RUBY><ruby><ruby>αὐτός<rt>αὐτός</rt></ruby><rt>He</rt></ruby><rt>P-NSM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby><strong>ἐστιν</strong><rt>εἰμί</rt></ruby><rt>is</rt></ruby><rt>V-PAI-3S</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>ὁ<rt>ὁ</rt></ruby><rt>the</rt></ruby><rt>T-NSM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>Χριστός.<rt>Χριστός</rt></ruby><rt>Christ</rt></ruby><rt>N-NSM-T</rt></RUBY> ⇐ αὐτός 是 S。
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- Rule 3b: "The subject is indicated by zero anaphora."
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- Joh 21:7 <RUBY><ruby><ruby>Ὁ<rt>ὁ</rt></ruby><rt>The</rt></ruby><rt>T-NSM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>Κύριός<rt>κύριος</rt></ruby><rt>Lord</rt></ruby><rt>N-NSM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby><strong>ἐστιν.</strong><rt>εἰμί</rt></ruby><rt>it is</rt></ruby><rt>V-PAI-3S</rt></RUBY> ⇐ 主語 (S) 內含在動詞裡面，所以要理解成：(it/he) is the Lord.
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- Rule 3c: "The word or word cluster determined by an article is the subject."
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@ -63,8 +63,8 @@ Goetchius, E. V. N. "Review of Toward a Descriptive Analysis of Einai as a Linki
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從以下幾節可以看出：
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- Act 18:5 <RUBY><ruby><ruby><strong>συνείχετο</strong><rt>συνέχω</rt></ruby><rt>was occupied</rt></ruby><rt>V-IPI-3S</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>τῷ<rt>ὁ</rt></ruby><rt>with the</rt></ruby><rt>T-DSM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>λόγῳ<rt>λόγος</rt></ruby><rt>word</rt></ruby><rt>N-DSM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>ὁ<rt>ὁ</rt></ruby><rt>-</rt></ruby><rt>T-NSM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>Παῦλος<rt>Παῦλος</rt></ruby><rt>Paul,</rt></ruby><rt>N-NSM-P</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby><em>διαμαρτυρόμενος</em><rt>διαμαρτύρομαι</rt></ruby><rt>earnestly testifying</rt></ruby><rt>V-PNP-NSM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>τοῖς<rt>ὁ</rt></ruby><rt>to the</rt></ruby><rt>T-DPM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>Ἰουδαίοις<rt>Ἰουδαῖος</rt></ruby><rt>Jews</rt></ruby><rt>A-DPM-PG</rt></RUBY> <mark><RUBY><ruby><ruby><em>εἶναι</em><rt>εἰμί</rt></ruby><rt>to be</rt></ruby><rt>V-PAN</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>τὸν<rt>ὁ</rt></ruby><rt>the</rt></ruby><rt>T-ASM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>Χριστὸν<rt>Χριστός</rt></ruby><rt>Christ</rt></ruby><rt>N-ASM-T</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>Ἰησοῦν.<rt>Ἰησοῦς</rt></ruby><rt>Jesus.</rt></ruby><rt>N-ASM-P</rt></RUBY></mark>
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- Act 18:28 <RUBY><ruby><ruby>εὐτόνως<rt>εὐτόνως</rt></ruby><rt>Powerfully</rt></ruby><rt>ADV</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>γὰρ<rt>γάρ</rt></ruby><rt>for</rt></ruby><rt>CONJ</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>τοῖς<rt>ὁ</rt></ruby><rt>the</rt></ruby><rt>T-DPM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>Ἰουδαίοις<rt>Ἰουδαῖος</rt></ruby><rt>Jews</rt></ruby><rt>A-DPM-PG</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby><strong>διακατηλέγχετο</strong><rt>διακατελέγχομαι</rt></ruby><rt>he was refuting</rt></ruby><rt>V-INI-3S</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>δημοσίᾳ<rt>δημόσιος</rt></ruby><rt>publicly,</rt></ruby><rt>A-DSF</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby><em>ἐπιδεικνὺς</em><rt>ἐπιδείκνυμι</rt></ruby><rt>showing</rt></ruby><rt>V-PAP-NSM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>διὰ<rt>διά</rt></ruby><rt>by</rt></ruby><rt>PREP</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>τῶν<rt>ὁ</rt></ruby><rt>the</rt></ruby><rt>T-GPF</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>γραφῶν<rt>γραφή</rt></ruby><rt>Scriptures</rt></ruby><rt>N-GPF</rt></RUBY> <mark><RUBY><ruby><ruby><em>εἶναι</em><rt>εἰμί</rt></ruby><rt>to be</rt></ruby><rt>V-PAN</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>τὸν<rt>ὁ</rt></ruby><rt>the</rt></ruby><rt>T-ASM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>Χριστὸν<rt>Χριστός</rt></ruby><rt>Christ</rt></ruby><rt>N-ASM-T</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>Ἰησοῦν. ¶<rt>Ἰησοῦς</rt></ruby><rt>Jesus.</rt></ruby><rt>N-ASM-P</rt></RUBY></mark>
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- Act 5:42 <RUBY><ruby><ruby>πᾶσάν<rt>πᾶς</rt></ruby><rt>Every</rt></ruby><rt>A-ASF</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>τε<rt>τε</rt></ruby><rt>then</rt></ruby><rt>CONJ</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>ἡμέραν<rt>ἡμέρα</rt></ruby><rt>day,</rt></ruby><rt>N-ASF</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>ἐν<rt>ἐν</rt></ruby><rt>in</rt></ruby><rt>PREP</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>τῷ<rt>ὁ</rt></ruby><rt>the</rt></ruby><rt>T-DSN</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>ἱερῷ<rt>ἱερός</rt></ruby><rt>temple</rt></ruby><rt>N-DSN</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>καὶ<rt>καί</rt></ruby><rt>and</rt></ruby><rt>CONJ</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>κατ᾽<rt>κατά</rt></ruby><rt>in</rt></ruby><rt>PREP</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>οἶκον<rt>οἶκος</rt></ruby><rt>house,</rt></ruby><rt>N-ASM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>οὐκ<rt>οὐ</rt></ruby><rt>not</rt></ruby><rt>PRT-N</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby><strong>ἐπαύοντο</strong><rt>παύω</rt></ruby><rt>they ceased</rt></ruby><rt>V-IMI-3P</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby><em>διδάσκοντες</em><rt>διδάσκω</rt></ruby><rt>teaching</rt></ruby><rt>V-PAP-NPM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>καὶ<rt>καί</rt></ruby><rt>and</rt></ruby><rt>CONJ</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby><em>εὐαγγελιζόμενοι</em><rt>εὐαγγελίζομαι</rt></ruby><rt>proclaiming the good news that</rt></ruby><rt>V-PMP-NPM</rt></RUBY> <mark><RUBY><ruby><ruby>τὸν<rt>ὁ</rt></ruby><rt>the</rt></ruby><rt>T-ASM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>Χριστὸν<rt>Χριστός</rt></ruby><rt>Christ</rt></ruby><rt>N-ASM-T</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>Ἰησοῦν. ¶<rt>Ἰησοῦς</rt></ruby><rt>[is] Jesus.</rt></ruby><rt>N-ASM-P</rt></RUBY></mark>
|
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- Act 18:28 <RUBY><ruby><ruby>εὐτόνως<rt>εὐτόνως</rt></ruby><rt>Powerfully</rt></ruby><rt>ADV</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>γὰρ<rt>γάρ</rt></ruby><rt>for</rt></ruby><rt>CONJ</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>τοῖς<rt>ὁ</rt></ruby><rt>the</rt></ruby><rt>T-DPM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>Ἰουδαίοις<rt>Ἰουδαῖος</rt></ruby><rt>Jews</rt></ruby><rt>A-DPM-PG</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby><strong>διακατηλέγχετο</strong><rt>διακατελέγχομαι</rt></ruby><rt>he was refuting</rt></ruby><rt>V-INI-3S</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>δημοσίᾳ<rt>δημόσιος</rt></ruby><rt>publicly,</rt></ruby><rt>A-DSF</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby><em>ἐπιδεικνὺς</em><rt>ἐπιδείκνυμι</rt></ruby><rt>showing</rt></ruby><rt>V-PAP-NSM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>διὰ<rt>διά</rt></ruby><rt>by</rt></ruby><rt>PREP</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>τῶν<rt>ὁ</rt></ruby><rt>the</rt></ruby><rt>T-GPF</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>γραφῶν<rt>γραφή</rt></ruby><rt>Scriptures</rt></ruby><rt>N-GPF</rt></RUBY> <mark><RUBY><ruby><ruby><em>εἶναι</em><rt>εἰμί</rt></ruby><rt>to be</rt></ruby><rt>V-PAN</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>τὸν<rt>ὁ</rt></ruby><rt>the</rt></ruby><rt>T-ASM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>Χριστὸν<rt>Χριστός</rt></ruby><rt>Christ</rt></ruby><rt>N-ASM-T</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>Ἰησοῦν. <rt>Ἰησοῦς</rt></ruby><rt>Jesus.</rt></ruby><rt>N-ASM-P</rt></RUBY></mark>
|
||||
- Act 5:42 <RUBY><ruby><ruby>πᾶσάν<rt>πᾶς</rt></ruby><rt>Every</rt></ruby><rt>A-ASF</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>τε<rt>τε</rt></ruby><rt>then</rt></ruby><rt>CONJ</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>ἡμέραν<rt>ἡμέρα</rt></ruby><rt>day,</rt></ruby><rt>N-ASF</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>ἐν<rt>ἐν</rt></ruby><rt>in</rt></ruby><rt>PREP</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>τῷ<rt>ὁ</rt></ruby><rt>the</rt></ruby><rt>T-DSN</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>ἱερῷ<rt>ἱερός</rt></ruby><rt>temple</rt></ruby><rt>N-DSN</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>καὶ<rt>καί</rt></ruby><rt>and</rt></ruby><rt>CONJ</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>κατ᾽<rt>κατά</rt></ruby><rt>in</rt></ruby><rt>PREP</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>οἶκον<rt>οἶκος</rt></ruby><rt>house,</rt></ruby><rt>N-ASM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>οὐκ<rt>οὐ</rt></ruby><rt>not</rt></ruby><rt>PRT-N</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby><strong>ἐπαύοντο</strong><rt>παύω</rt></ruby><rt>they ceased</rt></ruby><rt>V-IMI-3P</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby><em>διδάσκοντες</em><rt>διδάσκω</rt></ruby><rt>teaching</rt></ruby><rt>V-PAP-NPM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>καὶ<rt>καί</rt></ruby><rt>and</rt></ruby><rt>CONJ</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby><em>εὐαγγελιζόμενοι</em><rt>εὐαγγελίζομαι</rt></ruby><rt>proclaiming the good news that</rt></ruby><rt>V-PMP-NPM</rt></RUBY> <mark><RUBY><ruby><ruby>τὸν<rt>ὁ</rt></ruby><rt>the</rt></ruby><rt>T-ASM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>Χριστὸν<rt>Χριστός</rt></ruby><rt>Christ</rt></ruby><rt>N-ASM-T</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>Ἰησοῦν. <rt>Ἰησοῦς</rt></ruby><rt>[is] Jesus.</rt></ruby><rt>N-ASM-P</rt></RUBY></mark>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
|
@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ Daniel B. Wallace, _Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics_ (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1
|
|||
- (1) 代名詞 & 動詞內含的主詞
|
||||
- 疑問代名詞 τίς 例外：
|
||||
- 少數例外：指示代名詞後面跟著一連串同位 (apposition)、補述 (epexegetical) 字串的時候 (GGBB, 40 n.12)
|
||||
- Jas 1:27 (<RUBY><ruby><ruby>θρησκεία<rt>θρησκεία</rt></ruby><rt>Religion</rt></ruby><rt>N-NSF</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>καθαρὰ<rt>καθαρός</rt></ruby><rt>pure</rt></ruby><rt>A-NSF</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>καὶ<rt>καί</rt></ruby><rt>and</rt></ruby><rt>CONJ</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>ἀμίαντος<rt>ἀμίαντος</rt></ruby><rt>undefiled</rt></ruby><rt>A-NSF</rt></RUBY>)S (<RUBY><ruby><ruby>παρὰ<rt>παρά</rt></ruby><rt>before</rt></ruby><rt>PREP</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>τῷ<rt>ὁ</rt></ruby><rt>the</rt></ruby><rt>T-DSM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>Θεῷ<rt>θεός</rt></ruby><rt>God</rt></ruby><rt>N-DSM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>καὶ<rt>καί</rt></ruby><rt>and</rt></ruby><rt>CONJ</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>Πατρὶ<rt>πατήρ</rt></ruby><rt>Father</rt></ruby><rt>N-DSM</rt></RUBY>)A (<RUBY><ruby><ruby>αὕτη<rt>οὗτος</rt></ruby><rt>this</rt></ruby><rt>D-NSF</rt></RUBY>)C (<RUBY><ruby><ruby><strong>ἐστίν,</strong><rt>εἰμί</rt></ruby><rt>is</rt></ruby><rt>V-PAI-3S</rt></RUBY>)P ={ (<RUBY><ruby><ruby><em>ἐπισκέπτεσθαι</em><rt>ἐπισκέπτομαι</rt></ruby><rt>to visit</rt></ruby><rt>V-PNN</rt></RUBY>)p (<RUBY><ruby><ruby>ὀρφανοὺς<rt>ὀρφανός</rt></ruby><rt>orphans</rt></ruby><rt>A-APM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>καὶ<rt>καί</rt></ruby><rt>and</rt></ruby><rt>CONJ</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>χήρας<rt>χήρα</rt></ruby><rt>widows</rt></ruby><rt>A-APF</rt></RUBY>)c (<RUBY><ruby><ruby>ἐν<rt>ἐν</rt></ruby><rt>in</rt></ruby><rt>PREP</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>τῇ<rt>ὁ</rt></ruby><rt>the</rt></ruby><rt>T-DSF</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>θλίψει<rt>θλῖψις</rt></ruby><rt>tribulation</rt></ruby><rt>N-DSF</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>αὐτῶν,<rt>αὐτός</rt></ruby><rt>of them</rt></ruby><rt>P-GPM</rt></RUBY>)a }C ={ (<RUBY><ruby><ruby>ἄσπιλον<rt>ἄσπιλος</rt></ruby><rt>unstained</rt></ruby><rt>A-ASM</rt></RUBY>)+c (<RUBY><ruby><ruby>ἑαυτὸν<rt>ἑαυτοῦ</rt></ruby><rt>oneself</rt></ruby><rt>F-3ASM</rt></RUBY>)c (<RUBY><ruby><ruby><em>τηρεῖν</em><rt>τηρέω</rt></ruby><rt>to keep</rt></ruby><rt>V-PAN</rt></RUBY>)p (<RUBY><ruby><ruby>ἀπὸ<rt>ἀπό</rt></ruby><rt>from</rt></ruby><rt>PREP</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>τοῦ<rt>ὁ</rt></ruby><rt>the</rt></ruby><rt>T-GSM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>κόσμου.¶<rt>κόσμος</rt></ruby><rt>world</rt></ruby><rt>N-GSM</rt></RUBY>)a }C
|
||||
- Jas 1:27 (<RUBY><ruby><ruby>θρησκεία<rt>θρησκεία</rt></ruby><rt>Religion</rt></ruby><rt>N-NSF</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>καθαρὰ<rt>καθαρός</rt></ruby><rt>pure</rt></ruby><rt>A-NSF</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>καὶ<rt>καί</rt></ruby><rt>and</rt></ruby><rt>CONJ</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>ἀμίαντος<rt>ἀμίαντος</rt></ruby><rt>undefiled</rt></ruby><rt>A-NSF</rt></RUBY>)S (<RUBY><ruby><ruby>παρὰ<rt>παρά</rt></ruby><rt>before</rt></ruby><rt>PREP</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>τῷ<rt>ὁ</rt></ruby><rt>the</rt></ruby><rt>T-DSM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>Θεῷ<rt>θεός</rt></ruby><rt>God</rt></ruby><rt>N-DSM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>καὶ<rt>καί</rt></ruby><rt>and</rt></ruby><rt>CONJ</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>Πατρὶ<rt>πατήρ</rt></ruby><rt>Father</rt></ruby><rt>N-DSM</rt></RUBY>)A (<RUBY><ruby><ruby>αὕτη<rt>οὗτος</rt></ruby><rt>this</rt></ruby><rt>D-NSF</rt></RUBY>)C (<RUBY><ruby><ruby><strong>ἐστίν,</strong><rt>εἰμί</rt></ruby><rt>is</rt></ruby><rt>V-PAI-3S</rt></RUBY>)P ={ (<RUBY><ruby><ruby><em>ἐπισκέπτεσθαι</em><rt>ἐπισκέπτομαι</rt></ruby><rt>to visit</rt></ruby><rt>V-PNN</rt></RUBY>)p (<RUBY><ruby><ruby>ὀρφανοὺς<rt>ὀρφανός</rt></ruby><rt>orphans</rt></ruby><rt>A-APM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>καὶ<rt>καί</rt></ruby><rt>and</rt></ruby><rt>CONJ</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>χήρας<rt>χήρα</rt></ruby><rt>widows</rt></ruby><rt>A-APF</rt></RUBY>)c (<RUBY><ruby><ruby>ἐν<rt>ἐν</rt></ruby><rt>in</rt></ruby><rt>PREP</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>τῇ<rt>ὁ</rt></ruby><rt>the</rt></ruby><rt>T-DSF</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>θλίψει<rt>θλῖψις</rt></ruby><rt>tribulation</rt></ruby><rt>N-DSF</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>αὐτῶν,<rt>αὐτός</rt></ruby><rt>of them</rt></ruby><rt>P-GPM</rt></RUBY>)a }C ={ (<RUBY><ruby><ruby>ἄσπιλον<rt>ἄσπιλος</rt></ruby><rt>unstained</rt></ruby><rt>A-ASM</rt></RUBY>)+c (<RUBY><ruby><ruby>ἑαυτὸν<rt>ἑαυτοῦ</rt></ruby><rt>oneself</rt></ruby><rt>F-3ASM</rt></RUBY>)c (<RUBY><ruby><ruby><em>τηρεῖν</em><rt>τηρέω</rt></ruby><rt>to keep</rt></ruby><rt>V-PAN</rt></RUBY>)p (<RUBY><ruby><ruby>ἀπὸ<rt>ἀπό</rt></ruby><rt>from</rt></ruby><rt>PREP</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>τοῦ<rt>ὁ</rt></ruby><rt>the</rt></ruby><rt>T-GSM</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>κόσμου.<rt>κόσμος</rt></ruby><rt>world</rt></ruby><rt>N-GSM</rt></RUBY>)a }C
|
||||
- (2) 帶冠詞的實名詞
|
||||
- (3) 專有名詞
|
||||
- 例外：談論 ὄνομα (姓名) 的時候，因為「每個人都有姓名」是已知概念，而「名字」是未知概念，
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue