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---
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- Part I 希臘文基礎 §0X
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- §01希臘文源流
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- 希臘文歷史 §1a
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- 閃語對聖經希臘文的影響 §1b
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- 耶穌也說希臘文 §1c
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- 聖經希臘文與古典希臘文之異同 §1d
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- 聖經希臘文與現代希臘文之異同 §1e
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- §02 語言學基礎
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- 語言金字塔 §2a
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- 形式與功能 §2b
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- Choice implies Meaning §2c
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- 希臘文詞類 (Parts of Speech) §2d
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## Part I Linguistics §100
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## Part II Phonology §200
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## Part III 字形 Morphology §300
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## Part IV 字詞與片語 (Word and Phrase) §400
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### 格 (Cases) §410
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#### 主格 (Nominative) $411
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- Subject
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- Predicate Nominative
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- Nominative in Simple Apposition
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- Nominative Absolute
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- *Nominativus Pendens* (Pendent Nominative)
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- Parenthetic Nominative
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- Nominative in Proverbial Expressions
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- Nominative for Vocative
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- Nominative of Exclamation
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- Nominative of Appellation
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- Nominative in Apposition to Oblique Cases
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- Nominative After Preposition
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- Nominative for Time
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#### §312 呼格 (Vocative)
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- Simple Address
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- Emphatic (or Emotional) Address
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- Exclamation
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- Apposition
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#### §313 所有格 (Genitive)
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###### Adjectival Genitive
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- Descriptive Genitive
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- Possessive Genitive
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- Genitive of Relationship
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- Partitive Genitive ("Wholative")
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- Attributive Genitive
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- Attributed Genitive
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- Genitive of Material
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- Genitive of Content
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- Genitive in Simple Apposition
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- Genitive of Apposition (Epexegetical)
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- Genitive of Destination
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- Predicate Genitive
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- Genitive of Subordination
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- Genitive of Production/Producer
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- Genitive of Product
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###### Ablative Genitive
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- Genitive of Separation
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- Genitive of Source (or Origin)
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- Genitive of Comparison
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###### Verbal Genitive
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- Subjective Genitive
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- Objective Genitive
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- Plenary Genitive
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###### Adverbial Genitive
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- Genitive of Price or Value or Quantity
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- Genitive of Time
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- Genitive of Place
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- Genitive of Means
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- Genitive of Agency
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- Genitive Absolute
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- Genitive of Reference
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- Genitive of Association
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- Genitive After Certain Verbs (as Direct Object)
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- Genitive After Certain Adjectives
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- Genitive After Certain Nouns
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- Genitive After Certain Prepositions
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#### §314 間接受格 (Dative)
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- Dative Indirect Object
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- Dative of Interest
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- Advantage (*commodi*)
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- Disadvantage (*incommodi*)
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- Dative of Reference/Respect
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- Ethical Dative
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- Dative of Destination
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- Dative of Recipient
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- Dative of Possession
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- Dative of Thing Possessed
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- Predicate Dative
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- Dative in Simple Apposition
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- Dative of Place: see sphere
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- Dative of Sphere
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- Dative of Time
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- Dative of Rule
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- Dative of Association/Accompaniment
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- Dative of Manner
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- Dative of Means/Instrument
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- Dative of Agency
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- Dative of Measure/Degree of Difference
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- Dative of Cause
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- Cognate Dative
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- Dative of Material
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- Dative of Content
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- Dative Direct Object
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- Dative After Certain Nouns
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- Dative After Certain Adjectives
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- Dative After Certain Prepositions
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#### §315 直接受格 (Accusative)
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- Accusative Direct Object
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- Double Accusative
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- Person-Thing
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- Object-Complement
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- Cognate Accusative
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- Predicate Accusative
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- [[Accusative Subject of Infinitive]]
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- Accusative of Retained Object
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- Pendent Accusative (*Accusativum Pendens*)
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- Accusative in Simple Apposition
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- Adverbial Accusative (Manner)
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- Accusative of Measure (Space, Time)
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- Accusative of Respect or (General) Reference
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- Accusative in Oaths
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- Accusative After Certain Prepositions
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### §320 Article
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- **Regular Uses**
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- *As a Pronoun (4)*
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- Personal Pronoun
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- Alternative Pronoun
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- Relative Pronoun
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- Possessive Pronoun
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- *With Substantives (10)*
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- Individualizing Article
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- Simple Idenitification
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- Anaphoric (Previous Reference)
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- Kataphoric (Following Reference)
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- Deictic ("Pointing")
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- Par Excellence
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- Monadic ("One of a Kind")
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- Well-Known ("Familiar")
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- Abstract
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- Generic (Categorical)
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- *As a Substantiver of: (9)*
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- Adverbs
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- Adjectives
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- Participles
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- Infinitives
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- Genitive Word or Phrase
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- Prepositional Phrase
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- Particles
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- Finite Verbs
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- Clauses, Statements, & Quotations
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- *As a Function Marker (9)*
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- Denote Adjectival Positions
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- With Possessive Pronouns
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- In Genitive Phrases
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- With Indeclinable Nouns
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- With Participles
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- With Demonstratives
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- With Nominative Nouns
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- To Distinguish S from PN & Object from Complement
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- With Infinitive (various functions)
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- **Absence of the Article (12)**
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- *Indefinite (1)*
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- *Qualitative (1)*
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- *Definite (10)*
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- Proper Names
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- Object of Preposition
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- With Ordinal Numbers
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- Predicate Nominative
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- Complement in Object-Complement Construction
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- Monadic Nouns
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- Abstract Nouns
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- Genitive Construction (Apollonius' Corollary)
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- With Pronominal Adjective
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- Generic Nouns
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- **Special Uses/Non-Uses of the Article (2)**
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- Anarthrous Pre-Verbal PNs (involving Colwell's Rule)
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- Article with Multiple Substantives Connected by καί (Sharp's Rule & related constructions)
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### §330 Adjectives
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- **"Non-Adjectival" Uses of Adjective**
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- Adverbial
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- Substantival
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- **Positive, Comparative, Superlative**
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- *Positive*
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- Normal Use
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- Positive for Comparative
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- Positive for Superlative
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- *Comparative*
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- Normal Use
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- Comparative for Superlative
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- Comparative for Elative
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- *Superlative*
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- "Normal" Use
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- Superlative for Elative
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- Superlative for Comparative
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- **Relation of Adjective to Noun**
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- *When Article is Present*
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- Attributive Positions
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- First Attributive
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- Second Attributive
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- Third Attributive
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- Predicate Positions
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- First Predicate
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- Second Predicate
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- *When Article is Absent*
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- Anarthrous Adjective-Noun Construction
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- Anarthrous Noun-Adjective Construction
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### §340 Pronouns
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- **Personal Pronouns**
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- *Nominative Uses*
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- Emphasis: contrast, subject focus
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- Redundancy
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- *Oblique Cases*
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- Normal Use: Anaphoric
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- Possessive
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- Reflexive
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- **Demonstrative Pronouns**
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- *Regular Uses (as Demonstratives):*
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- οὗτος, ἐκεῖνος, ὅδε
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- *For Personal Pronouns*
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- *Unusual Uses*
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- Pleonastic (Redundant, Resumptive)
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- Constructio ad Sensum: Gender, Number
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- Conceptual Antecedent/Postcedent
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- **Relative Pronouns**
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- ὅς
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- *Regular Uses (as RP)*
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- *"Unusual" Uses*
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- Natural vs. Grammatical Gender
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- Case
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- Attraction
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- Inverse Attraction
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- Antecedent Complexities
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- Omission of Antecedent
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- Adverbial/Conjunctive
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- ὅστις
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- Generic
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- Qualitative
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- Confusion with ὅς
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- **Interrogative Pronouns**
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- τίς / τί: identifying
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- ποῖος, πόσος: qualitative, quantative (respectively)
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- **Indefinite Pronoun**
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- Substantival
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- Adjectival
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- **Possessive "Pronoun"**
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- Possessive Adjective
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- Personal Pronoun in Genitive
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- **Intensive Pronoun:** αὐτός
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- Intensive Pronoun
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- As Identifying Adjective
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- As Third Person Personal Pronoun
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- **Reflexive Pronoun**
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- **Reciprocal Pronoun**
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- Part I 希臘文基礎 §00
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- Part II Phonology (字音) §10
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- Part III Morphology (字形) §20
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- Part IV Word and Phrase (字詞與片語)
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- 名詞類 §30
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- Noun (名詞) §31
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- Nominative (主格) §31.1
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- Genitive (所有格) §31.2
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- Dative (間接受格) §31.3
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- Accusative (直接受格) §31.4
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- Vocative (呼格) §31.5
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- Article (冠詞) §32
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- Adjectives (形容詞) §33
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- Pronouns (代名詞) §34
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- 功能詞類 §40
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- Prepositions (介系詞) §41
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- Adverbs (副詞) §42
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- Conjunctions (連接詞) §43
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- Particles (質詞) §44
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- 動詞類 §50
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- Verb (動詞)
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- [Tense and Aspect (時態與觀點) §51](§51.md)
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- [Voice (語態) §52](§52.md)
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- [Mood (語氣) §53](§53.md)
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- [Person (人稱) §54](§54.md)
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- [Number (數) §55](§55.md)
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- [Infinitive (不定詞) §56](§56.md)
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- [Participle (分詞) §57](§57.md)
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- Part V 子句與句子 (Clause and Sentence)
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- [Clauses (子句) §61](§61.md)
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- [Sentence (句子) §62](§62.md)
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- Part VI 段落與篇章 (Paragraph and Discourse) §600
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- Part VII Context and Cotext §700
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### §350 功能詞類
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#### §351 介系詞 (Prepositions)
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- (see main section of Syntax Summaries)
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#### §354 Adverbs
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#### §352 連接詞 (Conjunctions
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- **Logical Functions**
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- Ascensive
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- Connective
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- Contrastive (Adversative)
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- Correlative
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- Disjunctive (Alternative)
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- Emphatic
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- Explanatory
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- Inferential
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- Transitional
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- **Adverbial Functions**
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- Causal
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- Comparative (Manner)
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- Conditional
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- Local (Sphere)
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- Purpose
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- Result
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- Temporal
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- **Substantival Functions**
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- Content
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- Epexegetical
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)
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#### §353 質詞 (Particles)
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- 功能詞類
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- 介系詞 (Preposition)
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- [連接詞 (Conjunctive)](§535)
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- 質詞 (Particle) [[§538]]
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### §360 動詞
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#### §361 Tense and Aspect
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#### §362 Voice
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- **Active**
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- Simple Active
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- Causative Active (Ergative)
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- Stative Active
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- Reflexive Active
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- **Middle**
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- Direct Middle
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- Redundant Middle
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- Indirect Middle
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- Causative Middle
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- Permissive Middle
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- Reciprocal Middle
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- Deponent Middle
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- **Passive**
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- *Passive Constructions*
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- With & Without Agency Expressed:
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- Ultimate Agent
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- Intermediate Agent
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- Impersonal Means
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- No Expressed Agency
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- With Accusative Object
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- *Passive Uses*
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- Simple Passive
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- Causative/Permissive Passive
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- Deponent Passive
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#### §363 Moods
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- **Indicative**
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- Declarative Indicative
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- Interrogative Indicative
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- Conditional Indicative
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- Potential Indicative
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- Cohortative (Command,Volitive) Indicative
|
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- Indicative with ῾Οτι
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- Subject
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- Direct Object
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- Direct Object Proper
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- Direct Discourse
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- Indirect Discourse
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- Apposition
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- Epexegetical
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- Causal
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- **Subjunctive**
|
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- *Independent Clauses*
|
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- Hortatory Subjunctive
|
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- Deliberative Subjunctive
|
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- Emphatic Negation Subjunctive
|
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- Prohibitive Subjunctive
|
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- *Dependent Clauses*
|
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- Subjunctive in Conditional Sentences
|
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- ῾Ινα + Subjunctive
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- Purpose
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- Result
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- Purpose-Result
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- Subject
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- Predicate Nominative
|
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- Direct Object
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- Apposition
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- Epexegetical
|
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- Complementary
|
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- Imperatival
|
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- Subjunctive with Verbs of Fearing
|
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- Subjunctive in Indirect Questions
|
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- Subjunctive in Indefinite Relative Clause
|
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- Subjunctive in Indefinite Temporal Clause
|
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- **Optative**
|
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- Voluntative Optative (Obtainable Wish)
|
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- Oblique Optative
|
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- Potential Optative
|
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- Conditional Optative
|
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- **Imperative**
|
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- Command
|
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- Prohibition
|
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- Request (Entreaty)
|
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- Permissive Imperative (Toleration)
|
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- Conditional Imperative
|
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- Potential Imperative
|
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- Pronouncement Imperative
|
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- Stereotyped Greeting
|
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|
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|
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#### §364 Person & Number
|
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- **Person**
|
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- First for Third Person
|
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- Second for Third Person
|
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- First Plural Constructions
|
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- Editorial "We" (Epistolary Plural)
|
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- Inclusive "We"
|
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- Exclusive "We"
|
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- **Number**
|
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- Neuter Plural Subject, Singular Verb
|
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- Collective Singular Subject, Plural Verb
|
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- Compound Subject, Singular Verb
|
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- Indefinite Plural
|
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- Categorical Plural
|
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|
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|
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### §370 Infinitive
|
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- Adverbial Uses
|
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- Purpose
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- Result
|
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- Time
|
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- Antecedent
|
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- Contemporaneous
|
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- Subsequent
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- Cause
|
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- Means
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- Complementary (Supplementary)
|
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- **Substantival**
|
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- Subject
|
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- Direct Object
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- Indirect Discourse
|
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- Appositional
|
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- Epexegetical
|
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- **Independent**
|
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- Imperatival
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- Absolute
|
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|
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|
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### [§380 分詞 (Participle)](§480.md)
|
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- Dependent Uses
|
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- Adjectival Participle
|
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- Attribute Participle
|
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- T—A—N
|
||||
- T—N—T—A
|
||||
- Predicate Participle
|
||||
- A—T—N
|
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- T—N—A
|
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- Substantive Participle
|
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- T—A
|
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- A
|
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- Verbal Participle
|
||||
- 主格
|
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- oblique case
|
||||
- 所有格 = genitive absolute
|
||||
- accusative absolute
|
||||
- dative absolute
|
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- Adverbial Participle
|
||||
- Independent Uses
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## Part V 子句與句子 (Clause and Sentence) §500
|
||||
### 600 Clauses
|
||||
#### [[§610]] 子句結構 (Clause Structure)
|
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#### §620 句子類型 (Sentence Classification)
|
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- **Clauses (in General)**
|
||||
- *Independent Clauses*
|
||||
- *Dependent Clauses*
|
||||
- Substantival
|
||||
- Adjectival
|
||||
- Adverbial
|
||||
|
||||
#### §630 Conditional Sentences
|
||||
- **In General**
|
||||
- Cause-Effect
|
||||
- Evidence-Inference
|
||||
- Equivalence
|
||||
- **In Greek**
|
||||
- First Class
|
||||
- Second Class
|
||||
- Third Class
|
||||
- Fourth Class
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### §640 Volitional Clauses
|
||||
- **Commands**
|
||||
- *Future Indicative*
|
||||
- *Aorist Imperative*
|
||||
- Ingressive
|
||||
- Momentary or Single Act
|
||||
- Pure Ingressive
|
||||
- Constative
|
||||
- *Present Imperative*
|
||||
- Ingressive-Progressive
|
||||
- Customary
|
||||
- Iterative
|
||||
- **Prohibitions**
|
||||
- *Future Indicative*
|
||||
- *Aorist Subjunctive*
|
||||
- Ingressive
|
||||
- Constative
|
||||
- *Present Imperative*
|
||||
- Cessation of Activity in Progress
|
||||
- General Precept
|
||||
|
||||
## Part VI 段落與篇章 (Paragraph and Discourse) §600
|
||||
## Part VII Context and Cotext §700
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## 附錄
|
||||
- 附錄
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- 附錄 I：希臘文學習策略與方法
|
||||
|
|
@ -506,7 +47,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 參考書目
|
||||
- 參考書目
|
||||
縮寫 | 書目
|
||||
--- | ----------
|
||||
GGBB| Wallace, Daniel B. *Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics*. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1996.
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
|
|||
- §01希臘文源流
|
||||
- 希臘文歷史 §1a
|
||||
- 閃語對聖經希臘文的影響 §1b
|
||||
- 耶穌也說希臘文 §1c
|
||||
- 聖經希臘文與古典希臘文之異同 §1d
|
||||
- 聖經希臘文與現代希臘文之異同 §1e
|
||||
- §02 語言學基礎
|
||||
- 語言金字塔 §2a
|
||||
- 形式與功能 §2b
|
||||
- Choice implies Meaning §2c
|
||||
- 希臘文詞類 (Parts of Speech) §2d
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
|
|||
- **Active**
|
||||
- Simple Active
|
||||
- Causative Active (Ergative)
|
||||
- Stative Active
|
||||
- Reflexive Active
|
||||
- **Middle**
|
||||
- Direct Middle
|
||||
- Redundant Middle
|
||||
- Indirect Middle
|
||||
- Causative Middle
|
||||
- Permissive Middle
|
||||
- Reciprocal Middle
|
||||
- Deponent Middle
|
||||
- **Passive**
|
||||
- *Passive Constructions*
|
||||
- With & Without Agency Expressed:
|
||||
- Ultimate Agent
|
||||
- Intermediate Agent
|
||||
- Impersonal Means
|
||||
- No Expressed Agency
|
||||
- With Accusative Object
|
||||
- *Passive Uses*
|
||||
- Simple Passive
|
||||
- Causative/Permissive Passive
|
||||
- Deponent Passive
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
|
|||
- **Indicative**
|
||||
- Declarative Indicative
|
||||
- Interrogative Indicative
|
||||
- Conditional Indicative
|
||||
- Potential Indicative
|
||||
- Cohortative (Command,Volitive) Indicative
|
||||
- Indicative with ῾Οτι
|
||||
- Subject
|
||||
- Direct Object
|
||||
- Direct Object Proper
|
||||
- Direct Discourse
|
||||
- Indirect Discourse
|
||||
- Apposition
|
||||
- Epexegetical
|
||||
- Causal
|
||||
- **Subjunctive**
|
||||
- *Independent Clauses*
|
||||
- Hortatory Subjunctive
|
||||
- Deliberative Subjunctive
|
||||
- Emphatic Negation Subjunctive
|
||||
- Prohibitive Subjunctive
|
||||
- *Dependent Clauses*
|
||||
- Subjunctive in Conditional Sentences
|
||||
- ῾Ινα + Subjunctive
|
||||
- Purpose
|
||||
- Result
|
||||
- Purpose-Result
|
||||
- Subject
|
||||
- Predicate Nominative
|
||||
- Direct Object
|
||||
- Apposition
|
||||
- Epexegetical
|
||||
- Complementary
|
||||
- Imperatival
|
||||
- Subjunctive with Verbs of Fearing
|
||||
- Subjunctive in Indirect Questions
|
||||
- Subjunctive in Indefinite Relative Clause
|
||||
- Subjunctive in Indefinite Temporal Clause
|
||||
- **Optative**
|
||||
- Voluntative Optative (Obtainable Wish)
|
||||
- Oblique Optative
|
||||
- Potential Optative
|
||||
- Conditional Optative
|
||||
- **Imperative**
|
||||
- Command
|
||||
- Prohibition
|
||||
- Request (Entreaty)
|
||||
- Permissive Imperative (Toleration)
|
||||
- Conditional Imperative
|
||||
- Potential Imperative
|
||||
- Pronouncement Imperative
|
||||
- Stereotyped Greeting
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
|
|||
- **Person**
|
||||
- First for Third Person
|
||||
- Second for Third Person
|
||||
- First Plural Constructions
|
||||
- Editorial "We" (Epistolary Plural)
|
||||
- Inclusive "We"
|
||||
- Exclusive "We"
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
|
|||
- Neuter Plural Subject, Singular Verb
|
||||
- Collective Singular Subject, Plural Verb
|
||||
- Compound Subject, Singular Verb
|
||||
- Indefinite Plural
|
||||
- Categorical Plural
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
|
|||
- Adverbial Uses
|
||||
- Purpose
|
||||
- Result
|
||||
- Time
|
||||
- Antecedent
|
||||
- Contemporaneous
|
||||
- Subsequent
|
||||
- Cause
|
||||
- Means
|
||||
- Complementary (Supplementary)
|
||||
- **Substantival**
|
||||
- Subject
|
||||
- Direct Object
|
||||
- Indirect Discourse
|
||||
- Appositional
|
||||
- Epexegetical
|
||||
- **Independent**
|
||||
- Imperatival
|
||||
- Absolute
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
|
|||
- **Clauses (in General)**
|
||||
- *Independent Clauses*
|
||||
- *Dependent Clauses*
|
||||
- Substantival
|
||||
- Adjectival
|
||||
- Adverbial
|
||||
|
||||
- §630 Conditional Sentences
|
||||
- **In General**
|
||||
- Cause-Effect
|
||||
- Evidence-Inference
|
||||
- Equivalence
|
||||
- **In Greek**
|
||||
- First Class
|
||||
- Second Class
|
||||
- Third Class
|
||||
- Fourth Class
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- §640 Volitional Clauses
|
||||
- **Commands**
|
||||
- *Future Indicative*
|
||||
- *Aorist Imperative*
|
||||
- Ingressive
|
||||
- Momentary or Single Act
|
||||
- Pure Ingressive
|
||||
- Constative
|
||||
- *Present Imperative*
|
||||
- Ingressive-Progressive
|
||||
- Customary
|
||||
- Iterative
|
||||
- **Prohibitions**
|
||||
- *Future Indicative*
|
||||
- *Aorist Subjunctive*
|
||||
- Ingressive
|
||||
- Constative
|
||||
- *Present Imperative*
|
||||
- Cessation of Activity in Progress
|
||||
- General Precept
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue