diff --git a/Syntax/BG4E-Syntax.md b/Syntax/BG4E-Syntax.md index 5874c10..2271d1b 100644 --- a/Syntax/BG4E-Syntax.md +++ b/Syntax/BG4E-Syntax.md @@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ ## Part IV Word and Phrase (字詞與片語) - - 名詞類 §30 +- 名詞類 §30 - Noun (名詞) §31 - - Nominative (主格) §31.1 + - [Nominative (主格) §31.1](§31.1.md) - Genitive (所有格) §31.2 - Dative (間接受格) §31.3 - Accusative (直接受格) §31.4 @@ -30,12 +30,12 @@ - Article (冠詞) §32 - Adjectives (形容詞) §33 - Pronouns (代名詞) §34 - - 功能詞類 §40 +- 功能詞類 §40 - Prepositions (介系詞) §41 - Adverbs (副詞) §42 - [Conjunctions (連接詞)](§43.md) - Particles (質詞) §44 - - 動詞類 §50 +- 動詞類 §50 - Verb (動詞) - [Tense and Aspect (時態與觀點) §51](§51.md) - [Voice (語態) §52](§52.md) @@ -64,14 +64,16 @@ - 參考書目 -縮寫 | 書目 ---- | ---------- -GGBB| Wallace, Daniel B. Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1996. -中希 | 華勒斯(Daniel B. Wallace)。《中級希臘文文法》。吳存仁譯。台北市:中華福音神學院,2011。 -IGNT |Porter, Stanley E. Idioms of the Greek New Testament. Second edition with corrections. Sheffield, U.K.: Sheffield Academic, 1994. -慣用 | 斯丹利‧波特(Stanley E. Porter)。《新約希臘文的慣用語》。葉雅蓮譯。台北市:中華福音神學院,2013。| -DEEP |Köstenberger, Andreas J., Benjamin L. Merkle, and Robert L. Plummer. Going Deeper with New Testament Greek: An Intermediate Study of the Grammar and Syntax of the New Testament. Nashville, TN.: B&H Academic, 2016. -IGG |Mathewson, David L., and Elodie Ballantine Emig. Intermediate Greek Grammar: Syntax for Students of the New Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2016. -Funk |Funk, Robert W. A Beginning-Intermediate Grammar of Hellenistic Greek. 3rd ed. Polebridge Press, 2013. -Runge |Runge, Steven E. Discourse Grammar of the Greek New Testament: A Practical Introduction for Teaching and Exegesis. Peabody, MA.: Hendrickson, 2010. -Levinsohn |Levinsohn, Stephen H. Discourse Features of New Testament Greek: A Coursebook on the Information Structure of New Testament Greek. 2nd ed. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International, 2000. + + +| 縮寫 | 書目 | +|:---------:|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | +| GGBB | Wallace, Daniel B. Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1996. | +| 中希 | 華勒斯(Daniel B. Wallace)。《中級希臘文文法》。吳存仁譯。台北市:中華福音神學院,2011。 | +| IGNT | Porter, Stanley E. Idioms of the Greek New Testament. Second edition with corrections. Sheffield, U.K.: Sheffield Academic, 1994. | +| 慣用 | 斯丹利‧波特(Stanley E. Porter)。《新約希臘文的慣用語》。葉雅蓮譯。台北市:中華福音神學院,2013。 | +| DEEP | Köstenberger, Andreas J., Benjamin L. Merkle, and Robert L. Plummer. Going Deeper with New Testament Greek: An Intermediate Study of the Grammar and Syntax of the New Testament. Nashville, TN.: B&H Academic, 2016. | +| IGG | Mathewson, David L., and Elodie Ballantine Emig. Intermediate Greek Grammar: Syntax for Students of the New Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2016. | +| Funk | Funk, Robert W. A Beginning-Intermediate Grammar of Hellenistic Greek. 3rd ed. Polebridge Press, 2013. | +| Runge | Runge, Steven E. Discourse Grammar of the Greek New Testament: A Practical Introduction for Teaching and Exegesis. Peabody, MA.: Hendrickson, 2010. | +| Levinsohn | Levinsohn, Stephen H. Discourse Features of New Testament Greek: A Coursebook on the Information Structure of New Testament Greek. 2nd ed. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International, 2000. | diff --git a/Syntax/§31.1.md b/Syntax/§31.1.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..409e72f --- /dev/null +++ b/Syntax/§31.1.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +- Rule 1: "The subject is t hat word or word duster which agrees in person a nd number with the personal ending of 1he verb" +- Rule 2: "The word or word cluster with head term in the nominative case is the subject" +- Rule 3: "The word or word cluster with head term in the nominative case is the subject" + - Rule 3a: "Demonstrative and relative pronouns are subjects" + - Rule 3b: "The subjec is indicated by zero anaphora" + - 主詞內含在動詞裡面,從上文就可以得知,不需要另外標示出來。 + - 1Jo 2:4 The [one]T-NSM λέγωνsayingλέγωV-PAP-NSM ὅτι-,ὅτιCONJ ἜγνωκαI have knownγινώσκωV-RAI-1S αὐτόνHim,αὐτόςP-ASM καὶandκαίCONJ τὰςtheT-APF ἐντολὰςcommandmentsἐντολήN-APF αὐτοῦof HimαὐτόςP-GSM μὴnotμήPRT-N τηρῶνkeeping,τηρέωV-PAP-NSM ψεύστηςa liarψεύστηςN-NSM ἐστίν,he is,εἰμίV-PAI-3S + - 是 "(he) is a liar" 而非 "a liar exists" + - Rule 3c: "the word or word cluster determined by an article is the subject." + - Rule 3d: "If both words or word clusters are determined by an article, the first one is the subject" + + + +McGaughy (1974) 找到五節 rule 3c 的例外: + +- Joh 20:31 ταῦταtheseοὗτοςD-NPN δὲhoweverδέCONJ γέγραπταιhave been writtenγράφωV-RPI-3S ἵναthatἵναCONJ πιστεύητεyou may believeπιστεύωV-PAS-2P ὅτιthatὅτιCONJ ἸησοῦςJesusἸησοῦςN-NSM-P ἐστινisεἰμίV-PAI-3S theT-NSM ΧριστὸςChrist,ΧριστόςN-NSM-T theT-NSM ΥἱὸςSonυἱόςN-NSM τοῦ-T-GSM Θεοῦ,of God,θεόςN-GSM καὶandκαίCONJ ἵναthatἵναCONJ πιστεύοντεςbelieving,πιστεύωV-PAP-NPM ζωὴνlifeζωήN-ASF ἔχητεyou may haveἔχωV-PAS-2P ἐνinἐνPREP τῷtheT-DSN ὀνόματιnameὄνομαN-DSN αὐτοῦ. ¶of Him.αὐτόςP-GSM + +- 1Jo 2:22 ΤίςWhoτίςI-NSM ἐστινisεἰμίV-PAI-3S theT-NSM ψεύστηςliar,ψεύστηςN-NSM εἰifεἰCONJ μὴnotμήPRT-N the [one]T-NSM ἀρνούμενοςdenyingἀρνέομαιV-PNP-NSM ὅτιthatὅτιCONJ ἸησοῦςJesusἸησοῦςN-NSM-P οὐκnotοὐPRT-N ἔστινisεἰμίV-PAI-3S theT-NSM Χριστός;Christ?ΧριστόςN-NSM-T οὗτόςThisοὗτοςD-NSM ἐστινisεἰμίV-PAI-3S theT-NSM ἀντίχριστος,antichrist,ἀντίχριστοςN-NSM the [one]T-NSM ἀρνούμενοςdenyingἀρνέομαιV-PNP-NSM τὸνtheT-ASM ΠατέραFatherπατήρN-ASM καὶandκαίCONJ τὸνtheT-ASM Υἱόν.Son.υἱόςN-ASM +- 1Jo 4:15 ὋςWhoeverὅς, ἥR-NSM ἐὰνifἐάνPRT ὁμολογήσῃshall confessὁμολογέωV-AAS-3S ὅτιthatὅτιCONJ ἸησοῦςJesusἸησοῦςN-NSM-P ἐστινisεἰμίV-PAI-3S theT-NSM ΥἱὸςSonυἱόςN-NSM τοῦ-T-GSM Θεοῦ,of God,θεόςN-GSM -T-NSM ΘεὸςGodθεόςN-NSM ἐνinἐνPREP αὐτῷhimαὐτόςP-DSM μένειabides,μένωV-PAI-3S καὶandκαίCONJ αὐτὸςheαὐτόςP-NSM ἐνinἐνPREP τῷ-T-DSM Θεῷ.God.θεόςN-DSM +- 1Jo 5:1 ΠᾶςEveryoneπᾶςA-NSM -T-NSM πιστεύωνbelievingπιστεύωV-PAP-NSM ὅτιthatὅτιCONJ ἸησοῦςJesusἸησοῦςN-NSM-P ἐστινisεἰμίV-PAI-3S theT-NSM ΧριστὸςChrist,ΧριστόςN-NSM-T ἐκofἐκPREP τοῦ-T-GSM ΘεοῦGodθεόςN-GSM γεγέννηται,has been born,γεννάωV-RPI-3S καὶandκαίCONJ πᾶςeveryoneπᾶςA-NSM -T-NSM ἀγαπῶνlovingἀγαπάωV-PAP-NSM τὸνthe [One]T-ASM γεννήσανταhaving begotten [Him],γεννάωV-AAP-ASM ἀγαπᾷlovesἀγαπάωV-PAI-3S καὶalsoκαίCONJ τὸνthe [one]T-ASM γεγεννημένονhaving been begottenγεννάωV-RPP-ASM ἐξfromἐκPREP αὐτοῦ.Him.αὐτόςP-GSM +- 1Jo 5:5 ΤίςWhoτίςI-NSM δέnowδέCONJ ἐστινisεἰμίV-PAI-3S the [one]T-NSM νικῶνovercomingνικάωV-PAP-NSM τὸνtheT-ASM κόσμονworld,κόσμοςN-ASM εἰifεἰCONJ μὴnotμήPRT-N the [one]T-NSM πιστεύωνbelievingπιστεύωV-PAP-NSM ὅτιthatὅτιCONJ ἸησοῦςJesusἸησοῦςN-NSM-P ἐστινisεἰμίV-PAI-3S theT-NSM ΥἱὸςSonυἱόςN-NSM τοῦ-T-GSM Θεοῦ;of God?θεόςN-GSM + + + +Ko (1976) 認為從以下幾節可以看出 McGuaghy 的例外,其實不是例外: + +- Act 18:5 ὩςWhenὡςCONJ δὲnowδέCONJ κατῆλθονcame downκατέρχομαιV-2AAI-3P ἀπὸfromἀπόPREP τῆς-T-GSF ΜακεδονίαςMacedoniaΜακεδονίαN-GSF-L -T-NSM τεbothτεCONJ ΣιλᾶςSilasΣίλαςN-NSM-P καὶandκαίCONJ -T-NSM Τιμόθεος,Timothy,ΤιμόθεοςN-NSM-P συνείχετοwas occupiedσυνέχωV-IPI-3S τῷwith theT-DSM λόγῳwordλόγοςN-DSM -T-NSM ΠαῦλοςPaul,ΠαῦλοςN-NSM-P διαμαρτυρόμενοςearnestly testifyingδιαμαρτύρομαιV-PNP-NSM τοῖςto theT-DPM ἸουδαίοιςJewsἸουδαῖοςA-DPM-PG εἶναιto beεἰμίV-PAN τὸνtheT-ASM ΧριστὸνChristΧριστόςN-ASM-T Ἰησοῦν.Jesus.ἸησοῦςN-ASM-P +- Act 18:28 εὐτόνωςPowerfullyεὐτόνωςADV γὰρforγάρCONJ τοῖςtheT-DPM ἸουδαίοιςJewsἸουδαῖοςA-DPM-PG διακατηλέγχετοhe was refutingδιακατελέγχομαιV-INI-3S δημοσίᾳpublicly,δημόσιοςA-DSF ἐπιδεικνὺςshowingἐπιδείκνυμιV-PAP-NSM διὰbyδιάPREP τῶνtheT-GPF γραφῶνScripturesγραφήN-GPF εἶναιto beεἰμίV-PAN τὸνtheT-ASM ΧριστὸνChristΧριστόςN-ASM-T Ἰησοῦν. ¶Jesus.ἸησοῦςN-ASM-P +- Act 5:42 πᾶσάνEveryπᾶςA-ASF τεthenτεCONJ ἡμέρανday,ἡμέραN-ASF ἐνinἐνPREP τῷtheT-DSN ἱερῷtempleἱερόςN-DSN καὶandκαίCONJ κατ᾽inκατάPREP οἶκονhouse,οἶκοςN-ASM οὐκnotοὐPRT-N ἐπαύοντοthey ceasedπαύωV-IMI-3P διδάσκοντεςteachingδιδάσκωV-PAP-NPM καὶandκαίCONJ εὐαγγελιζόμενοιproclaiming the good news thatεὐαγγελίζομαιV-PMP-NPM τὸνtheT-ASM ΧριστὸνChristΧριστόςN-ASM-T Ἰησοῦν. ¶[is] Jesus.ἸησοῦςN-ASM-P \ No newline at end of file