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Affected files: .obsidian/workspace.json BG4E-ExpPreaching/LN-Semantic.md BG4E-ExpPreaching/Sermon-3a-Key.md
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Andley Chang
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91 語段標記
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ἄγωh, ἀλλάc, ἀλλάd, γάρb, γέ, γίνομαιj, δή, δήπου, εἰe, ἵναd, καίd, καίe, μένa, μένb, μενοῦνc, μήτιb, νυνίc, ὁράωh, ὁράωi, ὁράωj, ὅτιc, οὖνb, πάντωςb, ὦ
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A 轉折的標記
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ἀλλάc, γάρb, γίνομαιj, καίe, μένa, νυνίc
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(c) 91.2 語段標記 轉折的標記
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表示轉折，在某些語境中稍微有相反的含意，通常最好不要翻譯 還有；然而
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οὕτως δὲ φιλοτιμούμενον εὐαγγελίζεσθαι οὐχ ὅπου ὠνομάσθη Χριστός, ἵνα μὴ ἐπ᾽ ἀλλότριον θεμέλιον οἰκοδομῶ, ἀλλὰ καθὼς γέγραπται ‘my ambition has always been to proclaim the good news in places where Christ has not been heard of, so as not to build on a foundation laid by someone else. As the Scripture says, ...’ or ‘... else, but as the Scripture says, ...’ 「我立了志向，要在沒有聽過基督之名的地方傳揚福音，免得建造在別人的根基上；正如經上所記……」 (羅 15:20, 21 [2])
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在 羅 15:21，連詞 ἀλλά 顯然沒有相反的意思；即使有，也只是指出一些潛在的原因；不過，還是最好不要把 ἀλλά 翻譯出來，而只是把它視為一個過渡的標記。
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(b) 91.1 語段標記 轉折的標記 ［參καί］
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用於標記一個新句子，通常最好不要翻譯，或者在「和」或連接副詞「那麼」中反映出來 那麼
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ὁ δὲ ἔφη, Τί γὰρ κακὸν ἐποίησεν; ‘and he said, What bad thing has he done?’ 「他說：『那麼，他做了什麼惡事呢？』」 (太 27:23)
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在 太 27:23，連詞 γάρ 可能表明彼拉多試圖與那些要求把耶穌釘十字架的群眾講道理；但 γάρ 主要用來強調問題的意義，而不是提供理由。
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(b) 91.1 語段標記 轉折的標記 ［參καί］
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用於標記一個新句子，通常最好不要翻譯，或者在「和」或連接副詞「那麼」中反映出來 那麼
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ὁ δὲ ἔφη, Τί γὰρ κακὸν ἐποίησεν; ‘and he said, What bad thing has he done?’ 「他說：『那麼，他做了什麼惡事呢？』」 (太 27:23)
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在 太 27:23，連詞 γάρ 可能表明彼拉多試圖與那些要求把耶穌釘十字架的群眾講道理；但 γάρ 主要用來強調問題的意義，而不是提供理由。
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(e)91.1 語段標記 轉折的標記 ［參γάρ］
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用於標記一個新句子，通常最好不要翻譯，或者在「和」或連接副詞「那麼」中反映出來 那麼
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Καὶ εἰσῆλθεν πάλιν ‘he went again’ or ‘then he went again’ 「耶穌又進了」或「然後，耶穌又進了」 (可 3:1)
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(a) 91.3 語段標記 轉折的標記
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用於標記語段中的連接 固然；的確；（但通常不翻譯）
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τὰ μὲν σημεῖα τοῦ ἀποστόλου κατειργάσθη ἐν ὑμῖν ἐν πάσῃ ὑπομονῇ ‘the miracles showing that I am an apostle were performed among you with complete patience’ 「在你們當中，我用各樣的忍耐，藉著神蹟證明我的使徒身分」 (林後 12:12)
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(c) 91.4 語段標記 轉折的標記
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νυνὶ δέ 用於標記一個總結性的陳述 因此；於是；同時（或者不翻譯）
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νυνὶ δὲ μένει πίστις, ἐλπίς, ἀγάπη ‘now remain faith, hope, and love’ 「如今常存的有信，有望，有愛」 (林前 13:13)
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B 強調的標記
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ἀλλάd, γέ, δή, δήπου, εἰe, καίd, μένb, μενοῦνc, μήτιb, ὁράωj, οὖνb, πάντωςb
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(d) 91.11 語段標記 強調的標記
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表示對比強調 當然；肯定地
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Εἰ καὶ πάντες σκανδαλισθήσονται, ἀλλ᾽ οὐκ ἐγώ ‘even if all others become offended, I most emphatically will not be’ 「即使所有人都背棄你，我也絕不會」 (可 14:29)
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εἰ γὰρ σύμφυτοι γεγόναμεν τῷ ὁμοιώματι τοῦ θανάτου αὐτοῦ, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῆς ἀναστάσεως ἐσόμεθα ‘for since we have become one with him in dying as he did, we shall certainly in the same way be one with him in being raised to life as he was’ 「我們若與他合一，經歷與他一樣的死，也必經歷與他一樣的復活」 (羅 6:5a)
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(d) 91.11 語段標記 強調的標記
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表示對比強調 當然；肯定地
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Εἰ καὶ πάντες σκανδαλισθήσονται, ἀλλ᾽ οὐκ ἐγώ ‘even if all others become offended, I most emphatically will not be’ 「即使所有人都背棄你，我也絕不會」 (可 14:29)
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εἰ γὰρ σύμφυτοι γεγόναμεν τῷ ὁμοιώματι τοῦ θανάτου αὐτοῦ, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῆς ἀναστάσεως ἐσόμεθα ‘for since we have become one with him in dying as he did, we shall certainly in the same way be one with him in being raised to life as he was’ 「我們若與他合一，經歷與他一樣的死，也必經歷與他一樣的復活」 (羅 6:5a)
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(d) 91.11 語段標記 強調的標記
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表示對比強調 當然；肯定地
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Εἰ καὶ πάντες σκανδαλισθήσονται, ἀλλ᾽ οὐκ ἐγώ ‘even if all others become offended, I most emphatically will not be’ 「即使所有人都背棄你，我也絕不會」 (可 14:29)
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εἰ γὰρ σύμφυτοι γεγόναμεν τῷ ὁμοιώματι τοῦ θανάτου αὐτοῦ, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῆς ἀναστάσεως ἐσόμεθα ‘for since we have become one with him in dying as he did, we shall certainly in the same way be one with him in being raised to life as he was’ 「我們若與他合一，經歷與他一樣的死，也必經歷與他一樣的復活」 (羅 6:5a)
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(a) 91.7 語段標記 強調的標記 ［參οὖν］
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用於標記稍強的強調（與 μέν[b]，γέ，和 δή 91.6 相比） 當然；的確；那麼
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οὐ γὰρ δήπου ἀγγέλων ἐπιλαμβάνεται ‘for it is surely not angels that he helps’ 「當然，他不是要幫助天使」 (來 2:16)
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(e) 91.8 語段標記 強調的標記 ［參μενοῦν］
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εἰ μήν 表示相當的強調（與 δήπου 和 οὖν[b] 91.7 相比） 當然
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λέγων, Εἰ μὴν εὐλογῶν εὐλογήσω σε καὶ πληθύνων πληθυνῶ σε ‘he said, I will certainly bless you with blessings and multiply you abundantly’ 「我必多多賜福給你；我必使你大大增多」 (來 6:14)
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(d) 91.12 語段標記 強調的標記
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表示強調，包括驚喜和意外 的確；這卻怎麼樣呢
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καὶ σὺ ἔρχῃ πρός με; ‘how is it then that you come to me?’ 「你怎麼到我這裡來呢？」 (太 3:14)
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ἐπεθύμησαν ἰδεῖν ἃ βλέπετε καὶ οὐκ εἶδαν ‘they desired to see what you see, yet they didn't see it’ 「要看你們所看見的，卻沒有看到」 (太 13:17)
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Καὶ τίς δύναται σωθῆναι; ‘who then can possibly be saved?’ 「這樣，誰能得救呢」 (可 10:26)
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(b) 91.6 語段標記 強調的標記 ［參γέ, δή］
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表示相對較弱的強調 那麼；的確；（或通常不翻譯，但可能反映在語序中）
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ὡς οὖν ἤκουσεν ὅτι ἀσθενεῖ, τότε μὲν ἔμεινεν ἐν ᾧ ἦν τόπῳ δύο ἡμέρας ‘when he received news that (Lazarus) was sick, he then stayed where he was for two more days’ 「所以，當他聽見拉撒路病了，就仍在原地停留兩天」 (約 11:6)
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ἤδη μὲν [οὖν] ὅλως ἥττημα ὑμῖν ἐστιν ‘indeed, then, there is complete failure on your part’ or ‘therefore there is indeed a complete lack on your part’ 「這的確已經是你們的大錯了」或「因此，你們確實是完全缺乏的」 (林前 6:7)
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(c) 91.8 語段標記 強調的標記 ［參εἰ］
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表示相當的強調（與 δήπου 和 οὖν[b] 91.7 相比） 當然
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Μενοῦν μακάριοι οἱ ἀκούοντες τὸν λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ φυλάσσοντες ‘indeed happy are those who hear the word of God and keep it’ or ‘... obey it’ 「那聽見上帝的話而遵守的人才確實真有福呢！」 (路 11:28)
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關於 μενοῦν 在 路 11:28 中的其他解釋，見 89.50 和 89.128。
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(b) 91.9 語段標記 強調的標記
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μήτι γε, μήτιγε 表示強調，包含某種程度的對比和（或）比較 更何況；越發
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οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι ἀγγέλους κρινοῦμεν, μήτι γε βιωτικά; ‘you do know, don't you, that we shall judge angels? How much more the things of this life?’ 「你們豈不知我們要審判天使嗎？更何況今生的事呢！」 (林前 6:3)
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(j) 91.10 語段標記 強調的標記 ［參πάντως］
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用於標記強烈的強調，表示所說的話是完全真實的 的確；當然；至少；無論如何
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ἣν ἔδησεν ὁ Σατανᾶς ἰδοὺ δέκα καὶ ὀκτὼ ἔτη ‘whom Satan bound indeed for eighteen years’ 「被撒但捆綁了至少十八年」 (路 13:16)
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(b)91.7 語段標記 強調的標記 ［參δήπου］
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用於標記稍強的強調（與 μέν[b]，γέ，和 δή 91.6 相比） 當然；的確；那麼
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τί οὖν ἐστιν Ἀπολλῶς; ‘who, then, is Apollos?’ 「那麼，亞波羅算什麼？」 (林前 3:5)
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(b)91.7 語段標記 強調的標記 ［參δήπου］
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用於標記稍強的強調（與 μέν[b]，γέ，和 δή 91.6 相比） 當然；的確；那麼
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τί οὖν ἐστιν Ἀπολλῶς; ‘who, then, is Apollos?’ 「那麼，亞波羅算什麼？」 (林前 3:5)
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C 提示關注的標記
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ἄγωh, ὁράωh, ὁράωi
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(h)91.13 語段標記 提示關注的標記 ［參ὁράω, ὁράω］
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喚起注意力的提示，也是強調接下來的陳述 看；聽；注意；來啊
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Ἄγε νῦν οἱ λέγοντες ‘now, pay attention, you who say’ 「注意！有人說」 (雅 4:13)
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(h) 91.13 語段標記 提示關注的標記 ［參ἄγω, ὁράω］
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喚起注意力的提示，也是強調接下來的陳述 看；聽；注意；來啊
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ἴδε νῦν ἠκούσατε τὴν βλασφημίαν ‘listen, you have just now heard the blasphemy’ 「看，現在你們已經聽見了這褻瀆的話！」 (太 26:65)
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ἰδοὺ ἐξῆλθεν ὁ σπείρων σπεῖραι ‘listen, there was a man who went out to sow’ 「你們留心聽啊！有一個撒種的出去撒種」 (可 4:3)
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Ἴδε ἐγὼ Παῦλος λέγω ὑμῖν ‘listen, I, Paul, tell you’ 「留心聽！我保羅告訴你們」 (加 5:2)
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(i) 91.13 語段標記 提示關注的標記 ［參ἄγω, ὁράω］
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喚起注意力的提示，也是強調接下來的陳述 看；聽；注意；來啊
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ἴδε νῦν ἠκούσατε τὴν βλασφημίαν ‘listen, you have just now heard the blasphemy’ 「看，現在你們已經聽見了這褻瀆的話！」 (太 26:65)
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ἰδοὺ ἐξῆλθεν ὁ σπείρων σπεῖραι ‘listen, there was a man who went out to sow’ 「你們留心聽啊！有一個撒種的出去撒種」 (可 4:3)
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Ἴδε ἐγὼ Παῦλος λέγω ὑμῖν ‘listen, I, Paul, tell you’ 「留心聽！我保羅告訴你們」 (加 5:2)
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D 直呼的標記
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ὦ
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(a) 91.14 語段標記 直呼的標記
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表示直接稱呼（功能上相當於傳統的呼格） 啊！（或不翻譯）
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Ὦ ἀνόητοι Γαλάται, τίς ὑμᾶς ἐβάσκανεν; ‘O, foolish Galatians, who has bewitched you?’ or ‘foolish Galatians, who has bewitched you?’ or ‘you foolish Galatians, who has bewitched you?’ 「啊！愚蠢的加拉太人哪！是誰迷惑了你們呢？」或「愚蠢的加拉太人哪！是誰迷惑了你們呢？」 (加 3:1)
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E 識別子句及說明子句的標記（補說的）
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ἵναd, ὅτιc
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(d) 91.15 語段標記 識別子句及說明子句的標記（補說的） ［參ὅτι］
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用於標記識別從句或說明從句 即；就是
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συμφέρει γάρ σοι ἵνα ἀπόληται ἓν τῶν μελῶν σου καὶ μὴ ὅλον τὸ σῶμά σου βληθῇ εἰς γέενναν ‘it is better for you that you lose one of the parts of your body rather than having your whole body thrown into hell’ 「對你更好的是：寧可失去身體中的一部分，也不讓整個身體被扔進地獄」 (太 5:29)
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μείζονα ταύτης ἀγάπην οὐδεὶς ἔχει, ἵνα τις τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ θῇ ὑπὲρ τῶν φίλων αὐτοῦ ‘no one has greater love than this; namely, that he gives his life on behalf of his friends’ 「人的愛心沒有比這個更大的了，那就是：為朋友捨命」 (約 15:13)
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(c) 91.15 語段標記 識別子句及說明子句的標記（補說的） ［參ἵνα］
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用於標記識別從句或說明從句 即；就是
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αὕτη δέ ἐστιν ἡ κρίσις ὅτι τὸ φῶς ἐλήλυθεν εἰς τὸν κόσμον καὶ ἠγάπησαν οἱ ἄνθρωποι μᾶλλον τὸ σκότος ἢ τὸ φῶς ‘this is the judgment, namely, that the light has come into the world and people love the darkness rather than the light’ 「所定的罪是這樣的：光來到了世界，人們卻……不喜愛光，反喜愛黑暗」 (約 3:19)
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αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ μαρτυρία, ὅτι ζωὴν αἰώνιον ἔδωκεν ἡμῖν ὁ θεός ‘this is the witness; namely, that God has given us eternal life’ 「這見證就是：上帝賜給我們永生」 (約壹 5:11)
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@ -80,10 +80,7 @@
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- 思路場景分析：
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- 上文 (太13:1) 有時間、空間的切換，所以是全新段落的開始。太13:36 對象、空間轉換，也是分段標記——但因為內容還是延續上文稗子的比喻，所以要到了太13:53 才算是另外一個全新段落的開始。
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- 在太13:1–9 當中，耶穌講論的對象是許多人、眾人 (太13:2)。要到了太13:10，耶穌說話的對象似乎變成只有門徒。
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- 但接下來耶穌又對眾人 (太13:34) 說了稗子的比喻 (太13:24–29)、芥菜種的比喻 (太13:31–32)、麵酵的比喻 (太13:33–35)。
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- 然後要到了太13:36，經文才明確地說「耶穌離開眾人，進了房子」——這時候才耶穌才單獨對門徒解釋了稗子的比喻 (太13:37–43)，並且用連續三個比喻闡明了天國的寶貴與迫切 (太13:44–50)。
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- 由此看來，耶穌在整個大段落 (太13:1–52) 裡說話的對象很可能有三種情境：(a) 主要針對眾人 (當然門徒也包括在內；太13:1–9、太13:24–35)；(b) 主要針對門徒 (但是眾人也在旁邊聽得到；太13:10–23)；(c) 單獨只有門徒 (太13:36–52)。
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- 耶穌在整個大段落 (太13:1–52) 裡說話的對象有分三個階段：(a) 針對眾人 (門徒也包括在內；太13:1–9)；(b) 主要針對門徒 (太13:10–35)，但眾人似乎也在旁邊 (太13:36a)；(c) 單獨只有門徒 (太13:36b–53)。
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- 倘若以上分析正確，那麼本段經文 (太13:10–23) 的主旨，固然是耶穌門訓的內容，但因為「眾人」也在旁邊聽得到，所以也可以理解成「耶穌對未信者的邀請」，鼓勵未信者也能像門徒一樣『進前來 προσελθόντες』(太13:10)。
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- 整個大段落 (太13:1–52) 的主題環繞著「天國」：
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- 撒種的比喻 (太13:1–9) 以及解釋 (太13:10–23)——都是關乎天國的內涵，從前不為人知的奧秘 (太13:11 τὰ μυστήρια τῆς βασιλείας τῶν οὐρανῶν)，只賞賜給願意跟隨耶穌的門徒，藉著耶穌啟示出來天國的道 (太13:19a τὸν λόγον τῆς βασιλείας )，要結出許許多多的果實。
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Reference in New Issue