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聖經希臘文 (Koine Greek) 不是「聖靈的語言」,而是人類的語言,因為耶穌說的也是當時百姓日常所用的語言。換句話說,耶穌講的,也是人話——只不過耶穌用地上的語言,傳遞出了天上的信息。
很多人錯解聖經的原因,都是因為誤解了語言是如何發揮功用的 (how does language works)。
maximalist approach = exegetical nugget approach
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< rt > 1Co 15:4< / rt > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > καὶ< rt > and< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > καί< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > CONJ< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > ὅτι< rt > that< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > ὅτι< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > ADV< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > < strong > ἐτάφη< / strong > < rt > He was buried,< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > θάπτω< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > V-2API-3S< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > καὶ< rt > and< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > καί< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > CONJ< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > ὅτι< rt > that< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > ὅτι< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > ADV< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > < strong > ἐγήγερται< / strong > < rt > He was raised< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > ἐγείρω< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > V-RPI-3S< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > τῇ< rt > the< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > ὁ< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > T-DSF< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > ἡμέρᾳ< rt > day< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > ἡμέρα< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > N-DSF< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > τῇ< rt > the< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > ὁ< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > T-DSF< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > τρίτῃ< rt > third< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > τρίτος< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > A-DSF< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > κατὰ< rt > according to< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > κατά< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > PREP< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > τὰς< rt > the< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > ὁ< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > T-APF< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > γραφάς< rt > Scriptures,< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > γραφή< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > N-APF< / rt > < / RUBY >
復活 (ἐγήγερται) 固然是「先前發生的動作,效果持續到如今」——但這是從上下文解出來的,不能說是單純從動詞的完成式時態形式 (perfect tense-form) 就得出來的 nugget。
faith of Christ 也同樣,主詞所有格、受詞所有格在形式 (結構) 上沒有區別,因此不能單從形式 (結構) 去斷言是哪一種所有格,而是要從上下文去推敲解釋才能判斷。
2021-09-17 02:07:52 +00:00
Choice implies meaning ——主詞所有格、受詞所有格在形式 (結構) 上沒有區別,代表保羅沒有 choice, 所以單從 N—Ng 的結構沒辦法推導出額外的 meaning。θεο ῦ
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< rt > Mar 11:22< / rt > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > Καὶ< rt > And< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > καί< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > CONJ< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > < em > ἀποκριθεὶς< / em > < rt > answering,< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > ἀποκρίνω< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > V-AOP-NSM< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > ὁ< rt > -< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > ὁ< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > T-NSM< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > Ἰησοῦς< rt > Jesus< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > Ἰησοῦς< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > N-NSM-P< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > < strong > λέγει< / strong > < rt > says< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > λέγω< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > V-PAI-3S< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > αὐτοῖς·< rt > to them,< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > αὐτός< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > P-DPM< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > < strong > Ἔχετε< / strong > < rt > Have< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > ἔχω< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > V-PAM-2P< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > πίστιν< rt > faith< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > πίστις< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > N-ASF< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > θεοῦ.< rt > from God.< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > θεός< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > N-GSM< / rt > < / RUBY >
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2021-09-17 12:31:44 +00:00
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< rt > Gal 1:12< / rt > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > οὐδὲ< rt > Neither< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > οὐδέ< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > CONJ-N< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > γὰρ< rt > for< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > γάρ< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > CONJ< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > ἐγὼ< rt > I< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > ἐγώ< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > P-1NS< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > παρὰ< rt > from< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > παρά< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > PREP< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > ἀνθρώπου< rt > man< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > ἄνθρωπος< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > N-GSM< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > < strong > παρέλαβον< / strong > < rt > received< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > παραλαμβάνω< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > V-2AAI-1S< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > αὐτό< rt > it,< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > αὐτός< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > P-ASN< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > οὔτε< rt > nor< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > οὔτε< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > CONJ-N< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > < strong > ἐδιδάχθην,< / strong > < rt > was I taught [it],< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > διδάσκω< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > V-API-1S< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > ἀλλὰ< rt > but< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > ἀλλά< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > CONJ< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > δι᾽< rt > by< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > διά< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > PREP< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > < mark > ἀποκαλύψεως< / mark > < rt > a revelation< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > ἀποκάλυψις< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > N-GSF< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > < mark > Ἰησοῦ< / mark > < rt > of Jesus< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > Ἰησοῦς< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > N-GSM-P< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > < mark > Χριστοῦ.< / mark > < rt > Christ.< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > Χριστός< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > N-GSM-T< / rt > < / RUBY >
2021-09-17 13:01:45 +00:00
genitive of origin, or
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subjective genitive
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or
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objective genitive
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< rt > Php 1:27< / rt > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > Μόνον< rt > Only< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > μόνος< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > A-ASN< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > ἀξίως< rt > worthily< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > ἀξίως< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > ADV< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > τοῦ< rt > of the< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > ὁ< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > T-GSN< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > εὐαγγελίου< rt > gospel< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > εὐαγγέλιον< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > N-GSN< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > τοῦ< rt > -< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > ὁ< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > T-GSM< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > Χριστοῦ< rt > of Christ< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > Χριστός< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > N-GSM-T< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > < strong > πολιτεύεσθε,< / strong > < rt > conduct yourselves,< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > πολιτεύω< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > V-PNM-2P< / rt > < / RUBY >
genitive of possession, or
genitive of source, or
subjective genitive, or
2021-09-17 21:56:47 +00:00
objective genitive ?
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2021-09-18 12:47:46 +00:00
![[../images/Pasted image 20210918060146.png]]
2021-09-17 21:56:47 +00:00
> "In conclusion, we may say that an interpreter is unwise to emphasize an idea that allegedly comes from the use of a tense (or some other subtle grammatical distinction) unless the context as a whole clearly sets forth that idea. ... If it doesn't, then the use of the grammatical detail becomes irrelevant; if it does, then the grammar is at best a pointer to, not the basis of, the correct interpretation."
>
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> — Silva *Foundations of Contemporary Interpretation*, p.263.
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< rt > 1Th 1:3< / rt > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > < em > μνημονεύοντες< / em > < rt > remembering< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > μνημονεύω< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > V-PAP-NPM< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > ὑμῶν< rt > your< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > σύ< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > P-2GP< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > τοῦ< rt > -< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > ὁ< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > T-GSN< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > ἔργου< rt > work< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > ἔργον< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > N-GSN< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > τῆς< rt > -< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > ὁ< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > T-GSF< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > πίστεως< rt > of faith< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > πίστις< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > N-GSF< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > καὶ< rt > and< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > καί< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > CONJ< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > τοῦ< rt > -< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > ὁ< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > T-GSM< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > κόπου< rt > labor< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > κόπος< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > N-GSM< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > τῆς< rt > -< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > ὁ< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > T-GSF< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > ἀγάπης< rt > of love,< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > ἀγάπη< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > N-GSF< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > καὶ< rt > and< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > καί< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > CONJ< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > τῆς< rt > the< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > ὁ< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > T-GSF< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > ὑπομονῆς< rt > endurance< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > ὑπομονή< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > N-GSF< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > τῆς< rt > of the< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > ὁ< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > T-GSF< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > ἐλπίδος< rt > hope< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > ἐλπίς< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > N-GSF< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > τοῦ< rt > of the< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > ὁ< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > T-GSM< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > Κυρίου< rt > Lord< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > κύριος< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > N-GSM< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > ἡμῶν< rt > of us< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > ἐγώ< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > P-1GP< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > Ἰησοῦ< rt > Jesus< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > Ἰησοῦς< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > N-GSM-P< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > Χριστοῦ< rt > Christ,< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > Χριστός< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > N-GSM-T< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > ἔμπροσθεν< rt > before< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > ἔμπροσθεν< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > PREP< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > τοῦ< rt > the< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > ὁ< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > T-GSM< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > Θεοῦ< rt > God< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > θεός< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > N-GSM< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > καὶ< rt > and< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > καί< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > CONJ< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > Πατρὸς< rt > Father< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > πατήρ< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > N-GSM< / rt > < / RUBY > < RUBY > < ruby > < ruby > ἡμῶν,< rt > of us,< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > ἐγώ< / rt > < / ruby > < rt > P-1GP< / rt > < / RUBY >
IGNT 94– 95
GGBB 112– 119
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