* **James, …** - James is the half-brother of Jesus. AT: “I, James,…”.
* **a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ** - The phrase “I am” is implied. AT: “I am a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ.” (See: [[en:ta:vol1:translate:figs_explicit]])
* **to the twelve tribes of the Dispersion** - James was writing to all the Jewish believers who fled to Roman cities outside of Judea, away from the persecution that arose after the stoning of Stephen.
* **the twelve tribes** - Seek to be consistent in writing numbers. It can be displayed as "the 12 tribes" (See: [[en:ta:vol2:translate:translate_numbers]])
* **greetings** - A basic greeting such as "Hello" or "Good Day".
* **Consider it all joy, my brothers, when you experience various troubles** - "My fellow believers, think of all your different kinds of troubles as something to celebrate"
* **knowing that the testing of your faith works endurance** - "because you know that God uses these troubles to make your faith stronger"
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