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# of two or three witnesses
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It is implied that this means "of at least two or three witness." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
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# How much worse punishment do you think one deserves ... grace?
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The author is emphasizing the greatness of the punishment for those who reject Christ. AT: "This was severe punishment. But the punishment will be even greater for anyone ... grace!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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# has trampled underfoot the Son of God
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Disregarding Christ and scorning him are spoken of as if someone had walked on him. AT: "has rejected the Son of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
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# the Son of God
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This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
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# who treated the blood of the covenant as unholy
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This shows how the person has trampled the Son of God. AT: "by treating the blood of the covenant as unholy"
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# the blood of the covenant
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Here "blood" stands for Christ's death, by which God established the new covenant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
# the blood by which he was sanctified
This can be stated in active form. AT: "the blood by which God sanctified him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
# the Spirit of grace
"the Spirit of God, who provides grace"
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